Reported Speech: PowerPoint Presentation

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direct and indirect speech

Direct and Indirect Speech

Jan 07, 2020

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Direct and Indirect Speech. Reporting speech. There are two ways of reporting what somebody says; direct speech indirect (or reported) speech. Direct Speech. “In text we put speech marks around the words spoken”. “Speech marks are also called inverted commas”.

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Reporting speech There are two ways of reporting what somebody says; • direct speech • indirect (or reported) speech.

Direct Speech “In text we put speech marks around the words spoken” “Speech marks are also called inverted commas” In direct speech we use the speaker’s own words.

Indirect speech “I am going home.” Helen said she was going home. In indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech) we do not use the exact words of the speaker. Instead we report what was said. We sometimes need to change pronouns and verb tenses. We don’t use speech marks.

Punctuating Direct Speech. When using direct speech in your writing you need to use the correct punctuation. • The exact words spoken must be enclosed in speech marks. • The first word of the speech must begin with a capital letter. • The words in the speech marks must be separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma. • You must use a new line when a new speaker begins to speak.

Advantages and disadvantages of each type of speech. • Direct speech can show what a character is like. • Long speeches can be boring. • Too many speakers can confuse the reader. • Direct speech can add variety to writing. • Indirect speech can be summarised briefly so that it does not slow down the pace of the action. • It can show a contrast between what a character is saying and what he or she is thinking.

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH: POWERPOINT PRESENTATION - 37 SLIDES

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direct and reported speech ppt

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This PowerPoint Presentation is perfect for teaching Grammar - Direct and Indirect Speech. These no prep activities would be great for ELA lessons or ELA centers. Your students will love these exercises that are carefully planned for student engagement.

After attempting these New Bloom’s Taxonomy-based activities students will be able to:

  • List the similarities and differences between direct and indirect speech.
  • Identify the changes seen in adverbs, modal verbs and pronouns when converting direct into indirect speech.
  • Identify the structure of the sentences when the speech is direct and indirect.
  • Test their understanding of the changes seen in verb tenses when converting direct into indirect speech.
  • Use commas, inverted commas and relevant end punctuation to mark direct speech and quotations.
  • Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue to develop experiences, events and characters.

This download includes:

SESSION 1: REMEMBERING

  • EXERCISE 1: Match the terms (1-6) with the meanings (A-F).
  • EXERCISE 2: Watch the video – Direct and Indirect Speech – to list their features with examples. Then work out the exercise.
  • EXERCISE 3: Use Venn Diagram to distinguish between direct and indirect speech to find their differences and the similarities.

SESSION 2: UNDERSTANDING

  • EXERCISE 4: Identify how the adverbs of nearness in the direct speech change into those of distance in the indirect.
  • EXERCISE 5: Identify the modal verb changes when direct speech is converted into indirect.
  • EXERCISE 6: Identify the pronoun changes when direct speech is converted to indirect.
  • EXERCISE 7: Identify the tense changes when direct speech is converted into indirect.
  • EXERCISE 8: Identify the rules followed in changing functional sentences from direct to indirect speech.

SESSION 3: APPLYING

  • EXERCISE 9: Identify the structure of the sentences when the speech is direct and/or indirect. Use the phrases given below to label the parts of the speech in direct and/or indirect.
  • EXERCSIE 10: Apply the rules of reported speech and verbalise the following visuals into direct and indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 11: Rewrite the following dialogues in direct speech and then complete the sentences to put them in indirect.

SESSION 4: ANALYSING

  • EXERCISE 12: Test your understanding of the key terms used in direct and indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 13: Test your understanding of the changes seen in adverbs when converting direct into indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 14: Test your understanding of the changes seen in modal verbs when converting direct into indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 15: Test your understanding of the changes seen in pronouns when converting direct into indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 16: Choose the option that best expresses the given sentences in either direct or indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 17: Test your understanding of the rules followed when converting functional sentences from direct to indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 18: Test your understanding of the changes seen in tenses when converting direct into indirect speech.

SESSION 5: EVALUATING

  • EXERCISE 19: Use inverted commas to write the direct speech.
  • EXERCISE 20: Evaluate the correct use of punctuation in direct and indirect speech.

SESSION 6: CREATING

  • EXERCISE 21: Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue to develop experiences, events and characters.
  • RUBRICS: Direct and Indirect Speech Rubrics

HOME LEARNING:

  • EXERCISE 22: Think of a conversation between two students and complete the dialogues. Then convert them into direct and indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 23: Think of a conversation between a teacher and a student and complete the dialogues. Then convert them into direct and indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 24: Punctuate the following to put them in direct speech.
  • EXERCISE 25: Convert the following statements into indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 26: Choose - inquired, wondered, asked, told or said - to convert the following dialogues to indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 27: Convert ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ type questions to indirect speech.
  • EXERCISE 28: Convert the following ‘WH’ questions to indirect speech.

Here are some possible uses for these in your classroom:

  • To challenge early finishers
  • For effective tutoring
  • As ESL stations and sub tubs
  • As holiday work and homework
  • For small group collaborations
  • For an end of unit assessments 
  • For reinforcement and enrichment

More Grammar Resources by the same Author:

  • Active and Passive Voice
  • Direct and Indirect Speech
  • Subject-Verb Agreement
  • Standard English Conventions
  • Grammatical Cases
  • Moods of Verbs

This is what teachers say about these resources:

  • READING PERSUASIVE TEXTS LESSON PRESENTATION - Maegan Hensley: Good resource! Thanks! It was a bit overwhelming with how much information is included, but it was easily adaptable for our distance learning students. Rating: 5/5 (extremely satisfied)
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  • BIOGRAPHY WRITING - READY TO USE LESSON PRESENTATION - This helped me build ideas on how to present in my own classroom. - Robin Ybarra

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SPaG Presentation: Punctuating Direct Speech ( Inverted Commas)

SPaG Presentation: Punctuating Direct Speech ( Inverted Commas)

Subject: English

Age range: 7-11

Resource type: Other

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22 February 2018

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Direct vs. Indirect Speech: A Comprehensive Guide to Reporting in English

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When learning English, one of the key skills to master is the ability to convey what someone else has said. In both written and spoken communication, it’s essential to know how to report speech accurately. English offers two main ways to do this: direct speech and indirect speech (also known as reported speech). Each method has specific rules, uses, and nuances that are important to understand.

In this detailed guide, we’ll delve into the differences between direct and indirect speech, explore the rules for transforming speech from one form to another, and provide practical examples to enhance your understanding. Whether you are a beginner or an advanced English learner, this article will help you report speech more effectively and fluently.

If you are looking to improve your English skills further, we invite you to enroll in English courses at NLS Norwegian Language School in Oslo . We offer a variety of tailored classes designed to help learners at all levels master different aspects of the language. Register for our classes here .

Table of Contents

Understanding Direct and Indirect Speech

Before we explore the detailed mechanics of how to use direct and indirect speech, let’s start by defining them:

Direct Speech

Direct speech is when you report exactly what someone said, using their words verbatim. In writing, this requires quotation marks around the spoken words. The speaker’s exact words remain unchanged, including verb tense, pronouns, and word order.

Examples of Direct Speech:

  • John said, “I am going to the store.”
  • She asked, “Are you coming with me?”
  • “I will call you later,” he said.

In each of these examples, the original words of the speaker are preserved within quotation marks, giving the reader or listener a precise account of what was said.

Indirect Speech

Indirect speech (or reported speech), on the other hand, is when you paraphrase or summarize what someone has said, rather than quoting them directly. The quotation marks disappear, and there are changes to verb tense, pronouns, and sentence structure. This form is used to communicate the general meaning of the original speech without needing to replicate every word exactly.

Examples of Indirect Speech:

  • John said that he was going to the store.
  • She asked if I was coming with her.
  • He said that he would call me later.

Notice how the tense has shifted in these examples, as indirect speech often requires changing the verb tense, especially when reporting something that was said in the past.

Key Differences Between Direct and Indirect Speech

The main distinction between direct and indirect speech lies in how the speaker’s words are conveyed. Let’s look at the key features that separate the two:

Uses quotation marks around the speaker’s words. Does not use quotation marks.
The tense remains the same as the speaker’s original words. The tense changes (backshifting).
Reflects the original speaker’s perspective. Pronouns change to reflect the reporter’s perspective.
Follows the original sentence structure. Sentence structure changes to fit the report.
Often followed by a comma before the quoted speech. Followed by “that,” “if,” or other conjunctions.
Reports the exact words spoken by the speaker. Summarizes or paraphrases what was said.

When to Use Direct Speech

Direct speech is typically used when you want to convey the speaker’s exact words without any interpretation or modification. It’s particularly useful in the following situations:

1. Dialogue in Stories or Narratives

When writing fiction, dialogue between characters is often presented in direct speech to make the conversation feel more immediate and authentic. This draws the reader into the scene and allows them to hear the characters’ voices directly.

  • “I can’t believe it,” she said, her voice trembling. “This is the best day of my life!”

Here, the direct quote captures the character’s excitement, making the scene more engaging for the reader.

2. Quoting Important Statements

If you need to report a significant statement or announcement exactly as it was made, direct speech is the best option. This is common in journalism, interviews, or when citing someone in a formal context.

  • The president stated, “We will invest heavily in green technologies to fight climate change.”

In this case, the exact words of the president are crucial for conveying the intended meaning without any paraphrasing.

3. Instructions or Orders

When reporting specific instructions or orders, it’s often necessary to use direct speech to ensure the wording is clear and unambiguous.

  • The supervisor said, “Please submit the report by Friday.”

Here, direct speech helps to ensure that the instructions are conveyed exactly as they were given.

4. Conveying Strong Emotions or Reactions

Direct speech is also useful when you want to capture the emotional tone of what someone said. By using the speaker’s exact words, you can convey their emotions more vividly.

  • “I can’t believe you did that!” she shouted.

This direct quote emphasizes the speaker’s shock and frustration in a way that indirect speech might not capture as effectively.

When to Use Indirect Speech

Indirect speech is often preferred when you need to summarize or paraphrase what someone has said without quoting them directly. This form is especially useful in the following scenarios:

1. Summarizing Long Conversations

If you need to report a lengthy conversation or discussion, indirect speech allows you to condense the content without repeating every word. This is often used in formal writing, such as reports or summaries.

  • During the meeting, John explained that the project would be delayed due to unforeseen issues.

Here, indirect speech provides a concise summary of what John said, without needing to quote him directly.

2. Formal and Professional Communication

In formal writing, such as business reports or academic papers, indirect speech is more commonly used because it provides a cleaner, more professional tone. It also allows the writer to focus on the information being conveyed rather than the exact words used by the speaker.

  • The report concluded that further research would be necessary to address the issue.

This use of indirect speech gives the necessary information without focusing on the exact wording of the report.

3. Reporting Questions

Indirect speech is especially helpful when reporting questions, as it allows you to transform direct questions into statements without changing their meaning.

  • Direct speech: “Are you coming with us?” she asked.
  • Indirect speech: She asked if I was coming with them.

Notice how indirect speech restructures the sentence to fit a statement rather than a question.

4. Conveying General Information

Indirect speech is often used when reporting general information, such as updates, announcements, or decisions. It allows the speaker to convey the meaning without needing to adhere to the exact wording of the original statement.

  • The manager said that the team would be working remotely next week.

Here, indirect speech summarizes the manager’s decision in a straightforward manner.

How to Change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech

Transforming direct speech into indirect speech requires making several key changes to the sentence structure. Let’s look at some of the main adjustments:

1. Tense Changes (Backshifting)

One of the most important rules when converting direct speech into indirect speech is the change in tense, which is often referred to as “backshifting.” This means that when you report speech, the tense generally shifts one step into the past.

Here are some common tense changes when reporting speech:

Present Simple: “I go.” Past Simple: He said that he went.
Present Continuous: “I am going.” Past Continuous: She said she was going.
Past Simple: “I went.” Past Perfect: He said that he had gone.
Present Perfect: “I have gone.” Past Perfect: She said that she had gone.
Future Simple: “I will go.” Conditional: He said that he would go.

For example:

  • Direct speech: “I am learning English.”
  • Indirect speech: He said that he was learning English.

In this case, “am learning” (present continuous) changes to “was learning” (past continuous) to reflect that the statement is being reported.

2. Pronoun Changes

When converting direct speech into indirect speech, pronouns need to change to match the perspective of the person reporting the speech. This helps clarify who is speaking and who is being spoken about.

  • Direct speech: “I am tired,” he said.
  • Indirect speech: He said that he was tired.

Here, the pronoun “I” changes to “he” because the sentence is being reported from a third-person perspective.

When reporting questions, indirect speech often requires changes in word order and the use of conjunctions like “if” or “whether” (for yes/no questions) or question words like “what,” “where,” and “why” (for wh- questions).

  • Direct speech: “Are you going to the party?” she asked.
  • Indirect speech: She asked if I was going to the party.
  • Direct speech: “What time is the meeting?” he asked.
  • Indirect speech: He asked what time the meeting was.

As you can see, indirect speech turns the direct question into a statement and often eliminates the question mark.

4. Reporting Commands and Requests

When converting direct commands or requests into indirect speech, the imperative form (i.e., the command) changes to an infinitive verb, and the reporting verb often shifts to “asked” or “told.”

  • Direct speech: “Close the door,” she said.
  • Indirect speech: She told me to close the door.
  • Direct speech: “Please help me,” he said.
  • Indirect speech: He asked me to help him.

In these examples, the imperative structure is replaced with an infinitive verb (“to close,” “to help”).

Common Challenges and Exceptions

While the basic rules for transforming direct speech into indirect speech are generally straightforward, there are some exceptions and challenges to be aware of:

1. No Tense Changes for General Truths

When reporting general facts or universal truths, the tense does not change, even in indirect speech.

  • Direct speech: “The sun rises in the east,” the teacher said.
  • Indirect speech: The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

In this example, “rises” remains in the present tense because it is a universal fact that does not depend on time.

2. No Tense Changes for Present Reporting

If the reporting verb is in the present tense (e.g., “says” instead of “said”), there is no need to change the tense of the reported speech.

  • Direct speech: “I enjoy painting,” she says.
  • Indirect speech: She says that she enjoys painting.

Because the reporting verb is in the present tense, there is no backshifting, and “enjoys” remains in the present tense.

3. Modal Verbs

When reporting speech that contains modal verbs (e.g., “can,” “might,” “should”), the modal verbs also often change in indirect speech:

“I can help.” He said he could help.
“I might go.” She said she might go.
“You should stay.” He said I should stay.

In some cases, modals like “might,” “should,” and “could” do not change, while others, such as “can” and “will,” backshift to “could” and “would.”

Practical Exercises for Practice

Here are a few exercises to help solidify your understanding of direct and indirect speech:

Exercise 1: Convert the following direct speech into indirect speech.

  • “I am leaving tomorrow,” she said.
  • “Do you like coffee?” he asked.
  • “We will meet at 5 PM,” they said.

Exercise 2: Convert the following indirect speech into direct speech.

  • He told me that he was feeling sick.
  • She asked if I had seen the movie.
  • They said that they would come tomorrow.

Mastering the differences between direct and indirect speech is crucial for effective communication in English. Direct speech allows you to report someone’s exact words, making it perfect for capturing dialogue, emotions, and instructions. Indirect speech, on the other hand, enables you to summarize or paraphrase what was said, which is more useful in formal writing and summarizing conversations.

Understanding how to change verb tenses, pronouns, and sentence structure when converting direct speech into indirect speech is key to becoming more fluent in English. With practice, you can switch between these forms with confidence and precision.

For more in-depth practice and guidance, consider enrolling in an English course at NLS Norwegian Language School in Oslo . Our courses are designed to help learners build fluency in all areas of the language. You can register and find more information here .

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COMMENTS

  1. PPT

    Reported Speech (Direct to Indirect Speech) Reported Speech (Direct to Indirect Speech). Reporting a speech. There are two ways to report the words of a speaker: Direct Speech: Reporting words, as they were spoken. Used mostly in writing. For example: Tara said, "It is time to leave for the meeting." Indirect Speech: 1.66k views • 19 slides

  2. 71 Reported Speech (Indirect speech) English ESL powerpoints

    Reported Speech, rules and practice. This is a Powerpoint about Reported Speech. It is part of a set of 3, the other two being "Reported Questions" and "Reported Speech - Special verbs... 12121 uses. Irinazh.

  3. THE REPORTED SPEECH.

    Download presentation. Presentation on theme: "THE REPORTED SPEECH."—. Presentation transcript: 1 THE REPORTED SPEECH. 2 We use the Reported Speech: To report what another person has said, but not using the speaker's exact words. The structure is a little different depending on whether we want to transform a statement, question or request.

  4. Direct and Indirect Speech: Powerpoint Presentation

    Your students will love these exciting exercises that are excellent for student engagement. This bundle includes PowerPoint Presentations on: * Subject-Verb Agreement: 22 Slides * Active and Passive Voice: 29 Slides * Direct and Indirect Speech: 37 Slides * Moods of Verbs: 22 Slides * Verbals - Gerunds, Participles, Infinitives: 23 Slides ...

  5. Reported Speech: PowerPoint Presentation

    This is a PowerPoint presentation with sound to learn Reported Speech. A complete grammar lesson explaining the use, changes of tense, pronouns, adverbs of time and place with examples. There are also some important notes about the main rules to report statements. BusyTeacher.org.

  6. PPT

    Presentation Transcript. Reporting speech There are two ways of reporting what somebody says; • direct speech • indirect (or reported) speech. Direct Speech "In text we put speech marks around the words spoken" "Speech marks are also called inverted commas" In direct speech we use the speaker's own words. Indirect speech "I am ...

  7. Direct and Reported Speech worksheets with optional powerpoint

    Direct and Reported Speech worksheets with optional powerpoint. This set of worksheets introduces the rules for direct and reported speech and gives exercises of converting dialogues each way. They are roughly graded from 1 (suitable for less advanced learners) to 7 (for the more advanced group). In a one-off lesson, you might want each child ...

  8. Direct and Indirect Speech: Powerpoint Presentation

    EXERCISE 1: Match the terms (1-6) with the meanings (A-F). EXERCISE 2: Watch the video - Direct and Indirect Speech - to list their features with examples. Then work out the exercise. EXERCISE 3: Use Venn Diagram to distinguish between direct and indirect speech to find their differences and the similarities.

  9. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

    Presentation on theme: "DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH"— Presentation transcript: 1 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH. 1. STATEMENT 2. COMMAND 3. QUESTION. 2 THE CHANGES OF TOBE & AUXILIARY VERBS. DIRECT Am, is, are Shall/will Can May Must Have/has to Ought to INDIRECT Was/were Should/would Could Might Had to. 3 CHANGES OF ADVERB OF TIME & PLACE.

  10. SPaG Presentation: Punctuating Direct Speech ( Inverted Commas)

    SPaG Presentation: Punctuating Direct Speech ( Inverted Commas) Subject: English. Age range: 7-11. Resource type: Other. File previews. pptx, 774.88 KB. PPT covers the distinction between reported and direct speech plus how to punctuate direct speech correctly. Contains examples of each, opportunities for pupil participation and a quiz at the ...

  11. Direct and Indirect Speech PowerPoint (teacher made)

    Direct speech involves exact words spoken that use speech marks in a sentence. Whereas, reported speech, also known as indirect speech is when something someone has said is summed up, without writing the speech out fully. While on the subject of direct speech, it might be worth brushing up on your knowledge of using speech marks. This Speech Mark Worksheet Set is a great way to help ...

  12. Direct and indirect speech gener…: English ESL powerpoints

    I have created this ppt to create and enhance the interest of the students in learning the direct and in… Donate a coffee ... General grammar practice. Reported Speech (Indirect speech) Direct and indirect speech . Divyakumaran. 1074. 3. 0. 0.

  13. KS2 Direct and Indirect Speech PowerPoint

    Direct speech involves exact words spoken that use speech marks in a sentence. Whereas reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is when something someone has said is summed up without writing the speech out fully. While on the subject of direct speech, it might be worth brushing up on your knowledge of using speech marks. This Speech Mark Worksheet Set is a great way to help your class ...

  14. Direct and Indirect Speech

    Presentation on theme: "Direct and Indirect Speech"— Presentation transcript: 1 Direct and Indirect Speech. 2 Direct Speech The reporting of words spoken by repeating the actual words of a speaker. For example: "I'm going," she said. 3 Indirect/Reported Speech This is used to communicate what someone else said, but without using the exact ...

  15. Direct and Indirect Speech

    Presentation on theme: "Direct and Indirect Speech"— Presentation transcript: 1 Direct and Indirect Speech. 2 There are two ways to report what a person says: Direct speech. Indirect speech. 3 Direct Speech Ahmad said, "I am very busy". We have given the exact words used by the speaker. This way of Quoting\Speech\Narration is called ...

  16. ESL

    Worksheets that save paper, ink and time. This powerpoint explains in an easy way the use, rules and exceptions of the reported speech with examples for each case. I hope it´s useful to you! Publication or redistribution of any part of this document is forbidden without authorization of the copyright owner. thanks!

  17. Direct vs. Indirect Speech: A Comprehensive Guide to Reporting in

    Here are a few exercises to help solidify your understanding of direct and indirect speech: Exercise 1: Convert the following direct speech into indirect speech. "I am leaving tomorrow," she said. "Do you like coffee?" he asked. "We will meet at 5 PM," they said. Exercise 2: Convert the following indirect speech into direct speech.