phd vs psyd clinical psychology

What’s the difference between a Ph.D. and Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology?

Considering a doctorate in clinical psychology? There are some key differences between the Ph.D. and Psy.D. that you’ll need to understand.

More so than other branches of psychology, the field of clinical psychology is particularly concerned with the assessment and treatment of patients diagnosed with mental illness. If you are considering earning a doctorate  in this field, it is first important to determine whether a Ph.D. or a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology program is the best option for your future goals. What is the difference between a Psy.D. and Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology ? Below, we explore some key differences between the Ph.D. and Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology programs.

What is a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology?

Since 1948, the American Psychological Association (APA) has officially promoted Ph.D. programs in clinical psychology. A doctor of philosophy, or Ph.D., generally focuses on  research practices and the philosophy of a given field. The intention of this program is usually to prepare students to teach and/or conduct essential scientific research that can help advance the field.

Most Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology programs take  five to seven  years to complete beyond the  undergraduate degree. Most programs incorporate a teaching element, and all require a written dissertation.

What is a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology?

Compared to the Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology, the doctor of psychology, or Psy.D., is primarily concerned with the practical applications of psychology. According to the APA, “the focus of Psy.D. programs is to train students to engage in careers that apply scientific knowledge of psychology and deliver empirically based service to individuals, groups, and organizations.”

The Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology typically takes four to six years to complete after earning an undergraduate degree. Students also have an opportunity to pursue specializations in certain areas, such as neuropsychology.

While Psy.D. programs are designed to prepare students for careers as practitioners in psychology, students are not prevented from pursuing a career in academia. Most Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology programs also feature practicums or internships, and many also require a written dissertation.

What’s the difference between Ph.D. and Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology?

The main difference between a Psy.D. and Ph.D. in clinical psychology is the specific focus and application of each program. In summary, there are several key differences between a Ph.D. and a Psy.D. The most prominent difference is each program’s focus. If you seek a career in academia, a Ph.D. may be right for you. The Psy.D. was built specifically for those hoping to apply the principles of psychology in professional practice with patients.

Additionally, the program lengths differ. A Ph.D. typically takes five to eight years to complete, while a Psy.D. takes four to six years.

What to Expect from a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology Program

How is a psy.d. in clinical psychology program structured.

In general, Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology programs are designed to advance a graduate’s understanding of how to provide tangible psychological services. Some Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology programs, including programs offered by The Chicago School , follow the Engaged-Practitioner model. This means students undergo training primarily for field practice in combination with a secondary focus on scholarship. APA -accredited Psy.D. programs often offer up to three years of practicum opportunities to prepare students for their APA-required internship.

The practicum provides essential hands-on experience for aspiring practitioners. Psy.D. programs offer this experience to better prepare graduates for their clinical careers—something Ph.D. students will not experience.

Expertise for both the clinic and the classroom

While Psy.D. in Clincal Psychology programs focus on practice, they still prepare students who pursue a career in academia.

Many  Psy.D. graduates become faculty members while managing a clinical practice. So, don’t worry that earning a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology will hinder you from entering academia. Graduates from Psy.D. programs can pursue clinical practice, teaching, or even both.

Greater student accommodation

Psy.D. programs are generally able to admit more students than Ph.D. programs at other schools. This is because Psy.D. programs are often housed within schools concentrated on psychology, as opposed to schools that admit doctoral students to a wide range of programs.

The Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology is The Chicago School’s legacy program. It was our first program ever offered in 1979, which has allowed us to expand our offering of accredited Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology programs at our campuses around the U.S. and provide greater access to this type of education to a wide range of applicants.

How Long Does It Take to Get a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology?

Students in Psy.D. programs can expect to spend fewer years in the classroom than Ph.D. candidates. In general, a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology program can take four to six years to complete.

At The Chicago School, students can usually expect to spend about five years in the program, although this time can vary depending on each person’s specific circumstance. The time also includes the APA-accredited internship.

For aspiring doctorate in psychology graduates, the first step is to apply to an APA-accredited Psy.D. program. This ensures that your degree will meet the qualifications for licensing in any state.

Learn more about The Chicago School

Are you interested in learning more about clinical psychology programs available at The Chicago School? Fill out the form below to request more information or apply today through our application portal .

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Psy.D. Vs. Ph.D.: Which Is The Right Fit For You?

Updated: Jan 2, 2024, 3:22pm

Committing to a Ph.D. or a Psy.D. program can have a significant impact on your career path. Both will prepare you for a career in psychology , but there are significant differences between the two programs you should know about. In general, a Ph.D. in psychology focuses more on research and a Psy.D. focuses on practical application.

While both programs can lead to becoming a licensed psychologist , taking a closer look at what each degree track will provide will help you determine whether a Ph.D. or Psy.D. is best for you.

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What Is a Ph.D. in Psychology?

A Ph.D. in psychology, or a Doctor of Philosophy in psychology, is a doctoral degree that primarily focuses on training students in scientific research. Compared to a Psy.D, the Ph.D. is more common and can be found at many public and private universities.

Students in a Ph.D. in psychology program can expect to obtain and build on the knowledge and skills within general psychology or in a concentration. The American Psychological Association (APA) has an extensive list of subfields that range from clinical psychology to climate and environmental psychology.

Benefits of a Ph.D. in Psychology

A significant benefit of a Ph.D. in psychology is that it offers more financial aid options. Many programs offer scholarships, teaching assistantships or even full or partial tuition remission to cover expenses. Some programs also have research grants and fellowships that are sponsored by government agencies and private companies that you can apply for and become part of a research team.

Another benefit is that some programs offer training in both applied practice and in research, rather than focusing heavily on application as a Psy.D. program would. Having dual training may provide you more opportunities on the job market.

What Is a Psy.D.?

A Psy.D., or a Doctor of Psychology, is also a doctoral degree that focuses on application. A Psy.D. program prepares students to provide services for patients and clients, rather than a focus on research.

Unlike a Ph.D., Psy.D. programs are often found in professional schools of psychology that may be university-based, free-standing or in medical or health and science institutions.

Benefits of a Psy.D.

While a Psy.D. may not have the same financial benefits of a Ph.D. program, a Psy.D. will give you more experience with patients earlier in your program. Candidates will often begin coursework and clinical training in the first year of their program.

A Psy.D. program, such as one for aspiring clinical psychologists , features an intensive focus on client-focused skills. Courses can include supervision and consultation, treatment and assessment and other classes that will cover disorders.

In some Psy.D. programs, you may be expected to complete a doctoral-level research project instead of a dissertation.

What to Consider When Choosing a Program

The first consideration you should make when choosing a program is the kind of work you want to pursue post-graduation. Do you want to do research or teach? Do you want to provide services to clients and patients?

Here are some considerations you should make when making the big decision.

Look at Time Spent in School

Both Ph.D. and Psy.D. programs require a heavy investment of your time in school. Programs often require applicants to have an undergraduate and master’s degree. However, some programs have combined master’s and doctorate degrees, reducing years of education and allowing students to enter the workforce sooner.

Students can expect to spend five years in school before obtaining a degree, with four years of coursework and one year of internship. Many candidates, however, take between five to seven years to graduate.

Find Your Focus

Your academic focus and concentration choice may sway your decision in applying for one doctoral degree over the other.

Concentrations in a Psy.D program are typically in clinical, counseling, school or industrial-organizational psychology . In contrast, the options of subfields within a Ph.D. program are more broad and focus heavily on research and experimentation to build knowledge within a discipline.

Consider Your Career Path

Considering your career path or interests will help you decide whether a Ph.D. or Psy.D. is right for you. While the most familiar psychology careers are commonly found in education and healthcare, psychologists are needed in other industries, such as business and technology. These in-demand specialties contribute to high psychologist salaries .

Accreditation

Accreditation of your Ph.D. or Psy.D. program ensures that your program is recognized by the governing bodies for licensure. While completing an accredited program will not guarantee you employment or licensure, it will equip you with necessary skills and knowledge.

The APA has a tool to help students find accredited doctoral programs, as well as internships and postdoctoral residencies across the country.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What can you do with psy.d..

A Psy.D. focuses on working directly with patients to provide psychological services. For example, a clinical Psy.D. will prepare students to provide mental and behavioral healthcare to individuals and families across all demographics and over individuals’ lifespans.

Which psychology field is most in-demand?

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects strong job growth for psychologists from 2022 to 2032, with a 6% increase overall. Clinical and counseling psychologists will see the highest demand, with an expected growth rate of 11%, followed by industrial-organizational psychologists at 6%.

How long does it take to earn a Ph.D. in psychology?

Many Ph.D. programs project a five year completion time. However, many students can take upwards of seven years.

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PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology [2024 Guide]

Are you contemplating the career benefits of a PsyD vs. PhD?

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Both of these often respected and fulfilling degree paths can lead to exciting things. Let’s explore the differences.

Comparing a PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology – Key Differences

You may be considering a doctorate degree in psychology because you’re simply fascinated by the human mind. You may also be confident that you can use your passion for helping people to carve out a very fulfilling career.

It’s important to be very methodical and targeted when choosing your degree path if you’re going to be working in a doctorate-level role. Let’s compare and contrast PsyD and PhD degrees.

A PsyD is considered an “alternate” degree path that puts an emphasis on the clinical and applied aspects of the field. A PsyD is likely a good fit if your goal is to work within a professional practice or counseling setting.

PsyD graduates typically work in clinical settings like psychiatry practices, rehabilitation centers, public schools, universities, or prisons. The coursework for a PsyD revolves heavily around applying things like evidenced-based research and standards of practice in real-world settings.

PsyD programs are designed to help students learn how to apply many decades of research to patient settings. Original research is not the primary goal of someone pursuing a PsyD. Yes, you will likely do independent research as part of your learning path. However, most of your focus will likely be on learning to apply your education in clinical settings.

A traditional or online PhD in psychology is often a natural fit for someone with an acute interest in the research side. This path may appeal to you if you love to break down data to discover insights. The insights that you discover through your independent research could help to move the field forward.

Many PhD holders work in research settings where they design and conduct tests and surveys to gain better understandings of things like human behavior, the effectiveness of various treatments, and underlying causes of psychological disorders.

PhD graduates are also qualified to work as instructors at colleges and universities. That means that they can apply what they’ve learned through study and research to help train the next generation of psychologists and researchers.

Many healthcare and government institutions also hire PhDs for consulting duties. The expertise that a PhD in the field of psychology can bring to the table is important for forming policies and decisions at both private and public institutions.

Ultimately, it is important to know what is a PsyD and what is a PhD in psychology before determining the best degree path for yourself.

Doctoral Psychology Careers & Salaries

What types of job roles are open to people with doctoral degrees in psychology? Roles can be filled at private practices, mental health facilities, schools, universities, and research facilities.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , the median annual wage for clinical, counseling, and school psychologists is $79,820. Here’s a look at some specific annual salary expectations based on government data:

Salary expectations should be based on years of experience and the type of institution you’re employed by during your career.

PsyD vs PhD Salary Differences

It’s not an apples-to-apples comparison when it comes to salaries for these two degree paths. The setting that you choose to work in will heavily influence your salary.

Potential for promotions and raises when moving from a general counseling role or social-work role. A private practice can often be the most lucrative option because you are earning revenue based on patient volume.

PsyD graduates can often expect generous pay when working as corporate or sports psychologists.

PhD graduates can typically command the highest salaries when leading research projects. Some PhD graduates earn six figures as tenured college professors.

Both PsyD and PhD candidates have very similar overall salary projections. However, the reality of your salary potential with either psychology degree online comes down to the type of setting you choose to work in.

Psychology Specializations & Concentrations

Most people who pursue PsyD and PhD degrees want to apply their skills to some very specific passions and interests. Here’s a look at some areas of focus for doctoral candidates:

• Clinical psychologists work one-on-one with patients to treat and diagnose mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. They often work in practices, hospitals, and care facilities.
• Forensic psychologists apply their skills to the legal arena. They lend their expertise to things like investigations and court cases. Government agencies and local law enforcement routinely consult with forensic psychologists when working on cases or investigating crimes.
• Mental health psychologists use their highly specialized training to evaluate a person’s mental health. This is done through recognized and respected methods for interviewing, evaluating, and testing.
• Organizational psychologists provide services to organizations and businesses looking to increase productivity through psychological principles. An organizational psychologist would come into the picture to study productivity trends, management style, and employee morale to get an understanding of a company. Next, strategic recommendations are given for how to make improvements using techniques for motivation, cooperation, and productivity.
• Sports psychologists are experts at understanding how performance is impacted by both psychological and physical factors. This multifaceted specialty requires an understanding of the relationships between physiology, kinesiology, biomechanics, and psychology. Sports psychologists often work with coaches and trainers to create comprehensive plans for individual athletes and teams. They are often employed by sports teams, gyms, high schools, and universities.

A psychologist’s training and skills are tested every day on the job! The rewarding part is that all of these roles allow psychology professionals to see the impact of their work.

Psychology Licensing and Certification

Yes, you should become very familiar with the various licensing and accreditation bodies once you get deeper into your pursuit of becoming a working, licensed psychologist. It’s important to take licensing and certification seriously because your ability to legally act and speak as a psychologist depends on them!

• The American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) is what you might call the primary certifying body for professional psychologists in the United States. This certification shows a psychologist is credible and can be taken seriously. In addition, this certification is essentially a default requirement for being employed or representing yourself as a psychologist.
• The Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB) oversees standards for the licensing and certification of all psychologists throughout both the United States and Canada. Yes, every single practicing psychologist in both countries needs to meet the association’s standards before being allowed to formally practice in their field. The ASPPB administers the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP).
• The Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) is the licensing exam developed by the ASPPB. The exam exists to certify that post-doctoral students are legally permitted to practice psychology. The ASPPB’s recommended minimum passing score is 500 out of a potential score of 800.

The bottom line is that you cannot be a practicing psychologist in the United States without having approval from the ABPP and ASPPB. Fulfilling all requirements and passing required exams are as important as graduating from a doctoral program!

It’s also worth looking into a school with regional accreditation through an organization recognized by CHEA.org .

Choosing Between a PhD in Psychology or a PsyD Degree

It’s time to get serious about making that hard choice between a PhD and PsyD. Choosing as early as possible can help you to narrow down your school search and get all of your paperwork in. Let’s look at the requirements for each program.

• A dissertation is required.
• Lower acceptance rate (approximately 15 percent).
• More funding, stipends, and support are generally provided by institutions.
• Generally requires 90 to 120 credit hours.
• A dissertation isn’t always required.
• Higher acceptance rate (approximately 40 percent).
• No special stipends are generally given to PsyD candidates apart from standard FAFSA
• Generally requires 70 to 114 credit hours.

It can seem that a PsyD is easier to obtain at first glance. However, it’s more important to focus on which type of program is going to provide you with the preparation and training you need to be able to contribute to your chosen field of expertise.

It’s not that a PhD is more difficult to obtain. What we’re really looking at is the fact that a PhD simply requires candidates to dive into research in a more specific way than clinically minded PsyD candidates.

Yes, it does typically take less time to obtain a PsyD. This may make this degree path more attractive to you if you’re interested in getting into your field as quickly as possible.

PsyD vs PhD Admissions Requirements

The admissions requirements for PsyD and PhD candidates are similar. However, they are not interchangeable. It is typically much more difficult to be accepted into a PhD program than a PsyD program. The main reason is that PhD programs accept a fraction of the candidates.

Actual admissions requirements vary by school. However, many of the requirements are universal across all institutions. Here’s a peek at what you’ll probably need to prepare.

• A bachelor’s degree
• Transcripts from all previous universities attended
• Letters of recommendation
• A minimum undergraduate GPA (varies by school)
• Personal essay
• GRE scores (varies by school)
• A bachelor’s degree or master’s degree in a related field
• A minimum undergraduate GPA (typically 3.0)

What’s the Difference in PsyD vs. PhD reputation?

Both are usually highly respected. A PhD is typically viewed as a research-oriented degree.

A PsyD is typically viewed as an appropriate degree for someone with clinical aspirations.

What Jobs Can I Get With a Doctoral Degree in Psychology?

A variety of clinical and research positions are available to professionals with doctoral degrees in psychology.

The list includes psychologists, psychology researchers, school psychologists, sports psychologists, organizational psychologists, and forensic psychologists.

What is a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)?

A PsyD is a professional doctoral degree that is designed to prepare graduates for careers in clinical settings.

Graduates often take leadership roles in institutions that diagnose and support mental health.

What is a PhD in Psychology?

A psychology PhD is a doctor of philosophy in the field of psychology.

The rigorous training and research involved in this program is designed to prepare a student to work in clinical, research, and academic settings.

Should I Continue With a Graduate Psychology Degree Program?

A graduate psychology degree program can greatly expand your career prospects. This may be a worthwhile pursuit if your goal is to become a respected expert in your field.

Getting an additional degree may enable you to go from “support” roles to leadership roles in the field of psychology.

What are the PsyD Requirements to Graduate?

You will need to complete all of the required credit hours. This typically ranges from 70 to 114 total hours. In addition, you may be required to complete a dissertation.

Most PsyD programs require an internship or practicum to provide hands-on experience.

What are the PhD in Psychology Requirements to Graduate?

It will be necessary to complete all credit hours required by your program. This may be as many as 120 credit hours for a PhD program.

You will also need to complete a dissertation related to the specialty you’re pursuing.

What are Key Differences Between a PhD and PsyD in Clinical Psychology

Choosing between a PhD and PsyD in clinical psychology comes down to a choice of research versus hands-on application.

Someone who is interested in research or academic pursuits is probably better suited for a PhD. Someone looking to practice in a clinical setting that relies on one-on-one interactions with patients is probably better suited for a PsyD.

That’s not to say that there’s no overlap. Yes, a person with a PhD can fulfill roles that require clinical expertise. Additionally, graduates of PsyD programs do sometimes end up in research roles.

Getting Your PsyD or PhD Online

Can you really dive into the human psyche on a doctoral level from home? Yes, many colleges and universities now provide doctoral programs in psychology that can be completed remotely.

Both PsyD and PhD programs usually require heavy reading and research. That means that you’ll probably be doing a lot of self-guided study as you pursue your online psych degree . This is one of the reasons why a doctorate in this field may actually be ideal for a syllabus comprised of online coursework.

An PhD or PsyD programs online can balance the self-guided nature of doctorate-level psychology studies with the expertise and guidance of trained, qualified professors in the field.

It may be necessary to complete hands-on training in a clinical setting as part of your degree requirements. This is something that colleges and universities can assist you with once you enter into a doctorate program. It’s possible that you’ll be able to complete clinical work that satisfies your degree requirement locally.

Great minds are interested in studying minds! You may be a perfect fit for an online PsyD or PhD program. Find a school that will help you make big contributions to the field of psychology to get on the perfect degree path.

Frequently Asked Questions

Psyd in clinical psychology, how does a psyd differ from a phd.

A PsyD is a doctorate in professional psychology whereas a PhD in Clinical Psychology is a doctorate degree in philosophy with a specialization in clinical psychology.

Hear from Dr. Stacey Lambert, chair of the Clinical Psychology Department and vice president of academic affairs, about how a student can determine whether a PsyD or PhD is a better fit for them. Watch below!

The primary difference between the two types of programs is that a PsyD program generally places greater emphasis on clinical training early in the program while a PhD program, in many cases, will have greater emphasis on research involvement. For example, most PhD programs in clinical psychology require students to complete a master’s research project as well as a doctoral research project dissertation. In most PsyD programs, students complete a doctoral-level research project, which tends to be smaller in scope than a dissertation. 

All APA-accredited doctoral programs are expected to assure trainees demonstrate research competencies, and William James is no exception. With our PsyD in Clinical Psychology program, you will be involved in clinical coursework and training starting in your first year. We also encourage you to become involved in faculty research early in preparation for your dissertation . T he length and quality of the dissertataions completed by our students are very similar to dissertations produced by PhD students. In fact, a number of our students have published articles stemming from their dissertations.

Finally, as you are making your decision between a PhD and PsyD, consider that many PhD programs have greater funding opportunities, but tend to have much smaller programs and much lower acceptance rates. If you would like to talk more in depth on whether the William James PsyD in Clinical Psychology is the right fit for you, please reach out to our admissions team at [email protected] .

Can I apply for this program without a master’s degree?

Yes! The PsyD in Clinical Psychology program does not require a master’s degree for admission. In 2021, approximately 67% of the incoming clinical psychology students did not report a graduate GPA in their application.

Prerequisites for this program are:

• A four-year baccalaureate degree (or equivalent) from an accredited institution.
• Basic coursework necessary to apply. ( See details here ).
• Academic achievement at the undergraduate and/or graduate levels. While there is no minimum GPA requirement to apply, a 3.0 out of 4.0 is expected.

Is the GRE required?

The GRE is optional for students applying to the PsyD in Clinical Psychology for Fall 2024. It is not required for admission. If you have taken the GRE and feel that your strong scores would enhance your application, please feel free to submit. Please note: If you choose to enter self-reported General GRE scores, an official test score report will become a required component of your application.

When will I be working in the field during the program?

As a student in the PsyD in Clinical Psychology program, you will begin working in the field during your first year. Fourth-year and fifth-year students can choose between two different options for their clinical training experience.

See the chart below for specific details about each year’s field education requirements or learn more here .

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PsyD vs PhD: Which Psychology Degree Should You Get?

Studying psychology provides a window into human behavior. Doctoral psychology programs teach both an understanding of how people think and analytical and reasoning skills to further success in various careers. But deciding to pursue a doctoral degree in psychology means dedicating yourself to the highest level of education available in the field and represents a commitment of several years and significant effort.

While both a doctor of psychology (PsyD) degree and a doctor of philosophy (PhD) promise remarkable opportunities for advancement, the two offer very different career outcomes. While a PhD puts you on a path to pursue research and further understanding, a PsyD allows you to practice as a psychologist. 

According to the  Bureau of Labor Statistics , demand for psychologists with both degrees is expected to continue growing at a rate of approximately 8% over the next decade as more and more individuals, organizations, and academic institutions have greater need of counseling services and insights into the way that people act, think, and engage with one another.

What Are PsyD and PhD In Psychology Degrees For?

While both a PsyD and a PhD provide you with a doctoral degree and the highest level of education in the field, the two provide different types of expertise, and it is important for you to understand their distinctions so that you can make the choice that best matches your goals.

A PhD in psychology trains you in research and statistical analysis in preparation for adding to the body of knowledge, either through your own scientific pursuits or by helping to educate others studying psychology . By contrast, PsyD studies focuses more extensively on providing psychological services, whether counseling or applying psychology’s principles to further an organization’s goals.

Though pursuing either one will not preclude you from crossing over to a career that’s more aligned to the other, choosing the degree that best suits your long-term interests provides you with the education that is best suited to your aspirations.

Picking Between A Doctor of Psychology or PhD In Psychology Program

To help you determine which of the two doctoral degrees is the best choice for you, let’s take a look at what each type of program entails and what type of future each prepares you for.

What is a PsyD?

A  doctor of psychology program  generally takes between 4-6 years to complete and prepares you for a career in clinical practice. It has less of an emphasis on research than human behavior and development, psychological assessment, and intervention.

Most programs require completion of approximately sixty credits of study, participation in 2,000-to-3,000 hours of clinical practice and internship, and preparation and presentation of a dissertation. 

Upon completion of the program, graduates demonstrate the understanding and skills needed to guide one-on-one, family and group therapy sessions, to guide organizational strategies around anticipated human behaviors and engagement, to conduct neuropsychological assessments, and to treat mental health problems and issues.

Who Should Get a PsyD?

Doctoral candidates best suited for a PsyD are those who want to engage directly with individuals, families or groups, using their education and training to provide service rather than conducting research.

Those enrolled in PsyD programs receive extensive training in assessment and intervention, on human development, and on the role of cultural and economic contributors, all with the goal of better facilitating their understanding of behavior. PsyD students also study the practical aspects of clinical psychology, including legal, ethical, and professional issues.

PsyD Careers and Salaries

With a PsyD degree you become prepared for professional practice within any number of applications of psychology science. A PsyD degree trains you to use your knowledge and training in service and practice, with an emphasis on assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and making improvements in the condition of and relations between humans in a variety of environments. Depending upon the career that they choose, their practice can include engaging with people in a clinical setting, at their workplace, in school, or elsewhere.

Typical careers held by those with a PsyD degree include:

• Median Salary: $51,340
• Career Outlook: +16% (2020-2030)

Family and marriage therapists work with couples and families with the goal of mediating and guiding the way that they engage with one another while providing coping strategies to improve family dynamics and to help those within these relationships deal with a wide range of issues, including behavioral problems, grief, domestic violence, marital conflicts, and substance abuse. 

Marriage and family therapists observe the interactions between the individuals in these groups and provide them with insights about troubling patterns, guidance on navigating crises, diagnosing mental health issues and disorders, and replacing disruptive or dysfunctional behaviors with alternatives that offer more positive engagement.

• Median Salary: $105,780
• Career Outlook: +8% (2020-2030)

The services of those holding doctoral degrees in psychology are increasingly in demand from a wide range of organizations and corporations seeking assistance with improving organizational behavior or providing coaching to managers and executives. These professionals apply their clinical skills in areas such as integrating systems theory or family therapy to companies hoping to address cultural issues or improve communication and cooperation within and between teams.

What is a PhD in Psychology?

A doctor of philosophy in psychology degree generally takes between 5-7 years to complete, and prepares you for a career in research and academia. The focus of a PhD in psychology program tends to be on statistics along with qualitative and quantitative research methods. The career goals of most students point towards teaching or scientific inquiry rather than private practice or direct engagement with patients.

Most PhD in psychology program require approximately a year-long internship and credit requirements that range between 60 and 125 credits. The programs require a significant level of concentration and are often so demanding that students need to dedicate themselves to the program on a full-time basis. The admission criteria into a PhD program tends to be more competitive than that of PsyD programs.

Once students in PhD in psychology programs successfully prepared and presented their dissertation, they have proven their command of the biological, intellectual and cognitive foundations of behavior, assessment, statistics and research techniques, research strategies, and more. They graduate prepared for careers in specialty areas including behavioral neuroscience, clinical psychology, human growth and development, with a particular emphasis on research and its application.

Who Should Get a PhD in Psychology?

In assessing whether you should pursue a PhD in psychology, you need to determine what type of career you hope to have and how you plan to apply your education. If your goal is to become a tenure-track professor at a research-oriented university or to dedicate yourself to academic research, then there is no doubt that a PhD is the right degree for you. The same is true if you hope to work in a business-oriented field such as market research or product development with an emphasis on consumer insights. 

The benefit of a PhD in psychology is its emphasis on research design and analytical skills, and that training can be applied to numerous fields that do not involve direct engagement with, assessment, diagnosis, or interventions with patients.

PhD in Psychology Careers and Salaries

Those who pursue a PhD in psychology tend to be less focused on the monetary benefits of their education than in the intellectual stimulation that they receive or the benefits that their education can provide to clients or to greater understanding of human behaviors gained through their efforts.

The career goals of those who opt for a PhD can include clinical roles, but more frequently veer towards professions that place them in a position of conducting research and applying their knowledge to educating students and providing insights that can be used by other fields. Possible careers for PhD graduates include:

• Median Salary: $82,180

The field of forensic psychology applies general principles of research in the field of clinical psychology to legal issues. This can include assessment, treatment, and evaluation of topics such as eyewitness identification, suggestibility, competence to testify, motivation and threat assessment. Forensic psychologists are often called on to provide custody evaluations, counseling services to crime victims, screening of law enforcement applicants and intervention and treatment for juvenile and adult offenders.

• Median Salary: $80,560
• Career Outlook: +12% (2020-2030)

Those who teach psychology are also frequently researchers who split their time between conducting scientific inquiry within an academic environment and teaching it to students at the undergraduate and graduate level. Professors with a PhD in Psychology gather, document and communicate psychological knowledge.

• Median Salary: $125,350
• Career Outlook: +9% (2020-2030)

The knowledge and training gained with a PhD in psychology is extremely valuable to numerous industries seeking greater understanding of human behavior, and this is particularly true of the world of politics. PhDs in psychology are well-positioned to guide candidates in the way that they present themselves to voters and to help legislators craft laws or discuss issues with their constituents, assessing what their priorities and perspectives are and how marketing efforts, speeches, votes and political positions could be received.

Best Psychology Schools

Choosing the right psychology program can be stressful, especially with so many options available. Using a  rigorous methodology , Universities.com considers these to be the 10 best psychology schools in the nation:

• Northwestern University
• Columbia University in the City of New York
• Lindsey Wilson College
• University of Pennsylvania
• Webster University
• Lamar University
• Liberty University
• Capella University
• Walden University
• University of Central Florida

To find more psychology schools, check out  our complete ranking of all psychology schools  in the nation.

If you’re looking for other schools that offer PdD programs on psychology, check out the Find Your Perfect “U” tool. You can search over 6,000 colleges and universities with 11 different filters to find the  perfect school for you !

PsyD Vs PhD At A Glance

Choosing between a PsyD and a PhD is a matter of personal choice, and your answer depends upon your personal goals. Though both doctor of psychology degrees provide you with the education, training and credentials to put you at the pinnacle of the field, there are important differences, including:

• A PsyD program better prepares you for a service-based psychology career geared towards counseling, while a PhD program better prepares you for a career geared towards discovery through research and academia.
• Acceptance into PsyD programs are generally less competitive than PhD programs.
• PsyD programs are better suited to online learning, while PhD programs favor in-person learning.
• PsyD program lengths generally take four-to-six years to complete, while PhD programs generally take five-to-eight years to complete.
• A PsyD curriculum is likely to include classes focused on assessment and intervention, while a PhD curriculum is likely to focus on statistics and analysis.

What to Look for In Psychology Doctoral Degree Programs

Doctoral degrees in psychology are offered in traditional, on-campus settings as well as online. Both options provide similarly high levels of education and the same curriculum requirements, often pairing students with an individual faculty advisor responsible for guiding their path to a doctoral degree.

There are many advantages to pursuing a degree online, including providing students the ability to choose a program based on its focus rather than on geographic proximity and allowing them to continue upholding family responsibilities. Despite this convenience, many students pursuing either a PsyD or a PhD choose an in-person program that allows them to fully immerse themselves in their studies.

As is the case with choosing between a PsyD or a PhD, there is no right or wrong choice. Students that choose online programs graduate with the same credentials as those who choose in-person programs, so each candidate should choose the option that best suits their personal needs.

Though requirements vary, most states require that psychologists counseling patients complete a doctoral degree in psychology and have a state-issued license. The requirements for these licenses generally include:

• Earning either a PsyD or a PhD from an institution of higher learning that has been accredited by the American Psychological Association
• Passing the  Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP )
• Fulfilling a minimum number of supervised clinical practice hours.

Many graduates  recommend  investigating the credentialing requirements of the states where they are interested in working to ensure that their doctoral degree properly prepares them and meets their standards.

The best way to ensure that the PsyD or PhD program you select prepares you for licensure is to select a program that has gone beyond the basic regional accreditation of institutions of higher learning and been recognized by the  American Psychological Association . This specialized accreditation is recognized by both the Council for Higher Education Accreditation and the U.S. Department of Education, and specifically addresses the high standards needed for professional education and training in psychology.

The APA currently  accredits  hundreds of programs throughout the nation, providing those interested in pursuing their doctoral degree an extensive range of offerings for their professional future.

Applying to Psychology Doctoral Programs

Choosing to pursue a doctoral degree in psychology represents a significant investment of time, money and effort with the anticipated outcome of becoming either a noted academician and scholar or an accomplished, difference-making professional. Entry to these programs is competitive, particularly for those seeking entry into one of the programs offering a PhD in psychology program, which generally only accept 10-15% of applicants.

The first step in the application process is similar to the one you likely pursued when applying to undergraduate programs: You need to identify the programs that best match your long-term goals and your personal needs, then address each of their application requirements by assembling needed materials including letters of recommendations and personal statements and ensuring that they are in each program’s possession well in advance of their deadlines.

Admission Requirements for PsyD and PhD Programs

Individuals choosing to pursue either a PsyD or a PhD come from a wide range of backgrounds and interests, and this is reflected in the fact that programs do not necessarily require that applicants possess an undergraduate degree in Psychology, though those who have not taken foundational courses likely need to investigate how they’ll need to supplement their education before proceeding with their doctoral degrees.

Acceptance into both PsyD and PhD programs generally requires:

• Transcripts from accredited baccalaureate program showing a minimum 3.0 GPA,  preferably in psychology
• Personal statement or statement of purpose
• Submission of scores on both the general GRE exam and the GRE subject exam in Psychology
• Three letters of recommendation
• Personal Interview (in person or by phone or video conference)
• A PsyD is a doctoral degree in psychology. It is an indication that an individual has attained the highest level of education available in the study of psychology, but they are not a medical doctor.
• PsyD and PhD are both terminal degrees in psychology that indicate having attained the highest level of education and expertise in the field. The determination of which is better depends upon the goals of the individual pursuing the degree.
• The PsyD degree provides education and training geared towards clinical practice and a professional career in treating patients, while a PhD education focuses more heavily on research and academic pursuits. The PhD generally takes longer to attain.
• In the majority of states, psychologists are not able to write prescriptions for medication. Illinois, Louisiana and New Mexico permit licensed psychologists to qualify for prescribing authority after taking additional courses in psychopharmacology.

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PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: Which Is Right for Me?

Written by: psych degree starter editorial team   •  jun 7, 2024.

Choosing the right doctoral degree in psychology is a significant decision that can shape your career path and professional opportunities. With options like the Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology, it’s essential to understand the differences and similarities between these degrees to make an informed choice. 

Both degrees offer unique benefits and cater to different career aspirations. Whether you are drawn to clinical practice or academic research, it’s important to consider your professional goals when comparing a PsyD versus a PhD in Psychology.

PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: Definitions

Understanding the fundamental differences between a PsyD and a PhD in Psychology is crucial for prospective students. Each degree has distinct goals, educational structures, and career outcomes.

What Is a Doctor of Psychology?

The Doctor of Psychology is a professional doctorate designed to prepare graduates for clinical practice. Introduced in the 1970s, the PsyD was created to address the need for more practitioners in the field of psychology.

Focus: The PsyD program emphasizes clinical skills and practical experience over research. Students are trained to work directly with clients in various therapeutic settings.

Curriculum: The curriculum includes extensive coursework in psychological theories, assessment techniques, and therapeutic interventions. It also involves a significant amount of supervised clinical practice.

Duration: A typical PsyD program takes four to six years to complete, including a full year of internship.

Career Paths: PsyD graduates often pursue careers as clinical psychologists, therapists, or counselors, working in settings such as private practices, hospitals, and mental health clinics.

What Is a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology?

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology is a research-oriented degree aimed at advancing the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The PhD is one of the oldest and most recognized doctoral degrees in psychology.

Focus: The PhD program is centered on research, data analysis, and theoretical exploration. Students are trained to conduct original research and contribute to the academic body of knowledge in psychology.

Curriculum: The curriculum includes rigorous coursework in research methods, statistics, and experimental design, along with specialized courses in various psychology subfields. A substantial portion of the program is dedicated to conducting research and writing a dissertation.

Duration: PhD programs typically take five to seven years to complete, depending on the nature of the research and dissertation work.

Career Paths: PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia, research institutions, or applied psychology settings. They may work as university professors, researchers, or clinical psychologists, among other roles.

In summary, while both the PsyD and PhD in Psychology are doctoral-level degrees that lead to careers in the field of psychology, their primary focus areas and career outcomes differ significantly. Understanding these differences can help you determine which path aligns best with your professional goals and interests.

Comparing PsyD and PhD in Psychology

To make an informed decision between a PsyD and a PhD in Psychology, it is important to compare their key similarities and differences. This comparison highlights the distinct educational paths and career opportunities each degree offers.

Key Similarities

While the PsyD and PhD are distinct degrees, they share several commonalities:

Doctoral Level: Both the PsyD and PhD are doctoral-level degrees, requiring advanced coursework and extensive training.

Licensure: Graduates of both programs are eligible to become licensed psychologists, provided they meet state-specific licensure requirements.

Foundational Coursework: Both degrees require coursework in core areas of psychology, including human development, psychopathology, and ethics.

Clinical Training: Students in both programs undergo supervised clinical training, although the extent and focus may differ.

Key Differences

The PsyD and PhD programs diverge significantly in several key areas:

Focus: The PsyD focuses on clinical practice and direct patient care, whereas the PhD emphasizes research and academic scholarship.

Duration: PsyD programs generally take four to six years to complete, while PhD programs often require five to seven years.

Dissertation Requirement: PhD students must complete a research-based dissertation, whereas PsyD students may have alternative capstone projects or dissertations with a clinical focus.

Career Paths: PsyD graduates typically work in clinical settings, while PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia, research, or applied psychology.

PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: Education Structure and Curriculum

The structure and curriculum of PsyD and PhD programs are designed to align with their respective focuses on clinical practice and research. Understanding these structures can help prospective students choose the program that best suits their career goals.

PsyD Structure and Curriculum

The PsyD program is structured to provide comprehensive clinical training and practical experience:

Coursework: Students take courses in psychological assessment, intervention techniques, and evidence-based practices.

Practicum: Extensive supervised practicum experiences are integral to the PsyD curriculum, allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world settings.

Internship: A full-year internship is typically required, offering hands-on clinical experience.

Capstone Project: Some programs may require a clinical dissertation or a capstone project focused on practical applications of psychology.

PhD Structure and Curriculum

The PhD program emphasizes research skills and academic scholarship:

Coursework: Students engage in advanced coursework in research methods, statistics, and experimental psychology.

Research: PhD students are expected to conduct original research, often leading to publications in academic journals.

Teaching: Many PhD programs include teaching assistantships, providing experience in instructing undergraduate courses.

Dissertation: A significant portion of the program is dedicated to the dissertation, a substantial research project that contributes new knowledge to the field of psychology.

PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: Accreditation

Accreditation ensures that educational programs meet established standards of quality and rigor. It is a crucial factor for students to consider when choosing between PsyD and PhD programs.

PsyD Accreditation

Accreditation for PsyD programs ensures that they meet professional standards for clinical training:

APA Accreditation: The American Psychological Association (APA) is the primary accrediting body for PsyD programs. 

Program Standards: Accredited programs must demonstrate that they provide comprehensive training in clinical skills, ethical practice, and professional development.

Importance of Accreditation: Attending an accredited program is critical for eligibility for licensure and ensures that the education received meets professional standards.

PhD Accreditation

Accreditation for PhD programs focuses on the quality of research training and academic rigor:

APA Accreditation: The APA also accredits PhD programs in clinical psychology, ensuring they meet high standards of training and education. Attending an APA-accredited PsyD or PhD program is essential for licensure in many states.

PCSAS Accreditation: The Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System (PCSAS) accredits PhD programs with a strong emphasis on clinical science and research.

Benefits of Accreditation: Accredited PhD programs are recognized for their commitment to excellence in research and education, which is important for career advancement and licensure.

Choosing an accredited program, whether pursuing a PsyD or PhD, is essential for ensuring a high-quality education that meets professional standards and supports future career success.

Career Options for PsyD and PhD Graduates

Both PsyD and PhD graduates have a wide range of career options available to them. However, the specific paths often differ based on the focus and training of each degree.

PsyD Careers

Graduates with a PsyD degree are well-prepared for careers in clinical practice. They often work directly with clients in various therapeutic settings.

Clinical Psychologist: PsyD holders frequently work as clinical psychologists, providing assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health issues.

Private Practice: Many PsyD graduates establish private practices, offering therapy and counseling services to individuals, couples, and families.

Hospitals and Clinics: PsyD professionals are employed in hospitals, mental health clinics, and rehabilitation centers, where they collaborate with other healthcare providers.

Community Mental Health: PsyD graduates may work in community mental health centers, providing services to underserved populations.

PhD Careers

PhD graduates often pursue careers in academia, research, and applied psychology settings.

Academic Positions: Many PhD holders become university professors, conducting research and teaching undergraduate and graduate courses.

Research Institutions : PhD graduates may work in research institutions, leading studies on various aspects of psychology and contributing to scientific knowledge.

Clinical Practice: Some PhD graduates also work as clinical psychologists, particularly those who specialize in clinical psychology during their training.

Consulting: PhD holders may work as consultants, applying their expertise to solve problems in organizational, forensic, or health psychology.

PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: Salary and Job Outlook

Understanding the salary potential and job outlook for PsyD and PhD graduates is essential for making an informed decision about which degree to pursue.

PsyD Salary

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) , the median annual salary for all psychologists, including clinical, counseling, and school psychologists, was $92,740 as of May 2023. However, salaries can vary widely based on geographic location, experience, and industry.

Private Practice: Clinical and counseling psychologists earned a median salary of $96,100 in 2023, according to the BLS. 

Geographic Variations: Salaries can differ significantly by location. For example, clinical and counseling psychologists in California and New Jersey earned higher salaries than those in other states in 2023.

PhD holders in psychology can expect a range of salaries depending on their specific career path and industry.

Academic Positions: According to the BLS, the median salary for postsecondary psychology teachers was approximately $82,140 per year in 2023.

Clinical Practice: PhD graduates working in clinical settings can expect salaries similar to those of PsyD graduates.

PsyD Job Outlook

The job outlook for PsyD graduates is promising, with growing demand for clinical practitioners:

Growth Rate: The BLS projects an 11% growth rate for clinical and counseling psychologists from 2022 to 2032, which is faster than the average for all occupations.

Demand for Services: Increasing awareness of mental health issues and the need for psychological services in schools, hospitals, and mental health centers contribute to the demand for clinical psychologists.

PhD Job Outlook

PhD graduates also have a favorable job outlook, particularly in academic and research settings:

Academic Opportunities: The demand for postsecondary psychology teachers is expected to grow 5% between 2022 and 2032, faster than the average for all occupations.

Research Roles: Opportunities in research are robust, with continued funding for psychological studies and applied research in various industries.

Specialized Fields: PhD holders in specialized areas of psychology, such as neuropsychology or industrial-organizational psychology, may see higher demand and job growth.

According to the BLS, the overall employment of psychologists is projected to grow 6% from 2022 to 2032, driven by the need for psychological services in schools, hospitals, and mental health centers, as well as in businesses and research organizations.

Choosing between a PsyD and a PhD involves considering both the potential salary and job outlook, ensuring that the chosen path aligns with personal and professional goals.

Tips for Choosing Between a PsyD and PhD

Selecting the right doctoral program in psychology depends on several factors, including career goals, personal interests, and professional aspirations. Here are some tips to help you decide between a PsyD and a PhD.

Assess Your Career Goals

Clinical Practice: If your primary interest lies in providing therapy and working directly with clients, a PsyD might be the better choice. This degree is tailored for those who want to engage in hands-on clinical work.

Research and Academia: If you are passionate about conducting research, teaching at a university level, or contributing to academic knowledge, a PhD may be more suitable. The PhD program focuses heavily on research methodologies and academic scholarship.

Evaluate Program Structure and Curriculum

PsyD Programs: These programs often have a more structured and practice-oriented curriculum. Consider the extensive clinical training and practicum experiences that are integral to PsyD programs.

PhD Programs: These programs emphasize research and typically offer more flexibility in terms of research opportunities and specialization areas. Reflect on whether you prefer a curriculum that includes a significant research component.

Consider Financial and Time Commitments

Program Duration: PsyD programs generally take four to six years to complete, while PhD programs can take five to seven years. Think about how much time you are willing to invest in your education.

Financial Costs: Both programs can be costly, but PhD programs often provide opportunities for funding through research assistantships and teaching assistantships. Evaluate your financial situation and funding opportunities for each type of program.

Research Accreditation and Program Reputation

Accreditation: Ensure that the programs you are considering are accredited by recognized bodies such as the APA for PsyD and PhD programs or the PCSAS for PhD programs.

Reputation: Research the reputation of the programs and institutions. Look into faculty expertise, research facilities, and clinical training opportunities.

Utilizing available resources can help you make an informed decision about pursuing a PsyD or PhD in Psychology. Here are some recommended resources:

American Psychological Association (APA): The APA provides valuable information on accredited PsyD and PhD programs, licensure requirements, and career resources for psychologists. Visit the APA or APA Accreditation website.

Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System (PCSAS): PCSAS accredits PhD programs with a strong emphasis on clinical science and research. Learn more on the PCSAS website.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS): The BLS offers comprehensive data on job outlook, salaries, and employment trends for psychologists. Explore these resources on the BLS website.

Payscale: Payscale provides salary information for various psychology-related careers, helping you understand potential earnings. Visit the Payscale site for more information.

University Websites: Many universities provide detailed information about their PsyD and PhD programs, including admission requirements, curriculum details, and faculty profiles. Check out the psychology department pages of universities you are interested in.

Explore Your Career Options With a PsyD or a PhD in Psychology

Choosing between a PsyD and a PhD in Psychology is a critical decision that can shape your professional future. Both degrees offer unique advantages and cater to different career paths. The PsyD is ideal for those passionate about clinical practice and direct patient care, while the PhD is suited for individuals interested in research and academia. 

By carefully evaluating your career goals, program structure, financial and time commitments, and accreditation, you can make an informed choice that aligns with your aspirations. You can benefit from utilizing the resources available to you, and taking the time to research and reflect on what will best support your long-term professional and personal goals in the field of psychology.

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PsyD vs PhD in Psychology

Key Takeaways

• A PsyD degree prioritizes hands-on clinical training.
• A PhD in psychology degree prioritizes research.
• If your career goal is to enter academia, a PhD in psychology is ideal; if your career goal is to work with clients, a PsyD degree is the better choice.

When considering a graduate degree in psychology, students are confused between a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) and a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in psychology. We will discuss what you need to know about PsyD vs PhD in psychology. This will help you choose one that fits your career goals.

Featured Programs

Psyd vs. phd in psychology.

Understanding the human mind and behavior is the core of psychology. This knowledge opens doors to counseling, social work, and marketing careers.

Your love of psychology can lead you to a fulfilling career. You can help others, from people to organizations. Both PsyD and PhD in psychology offer doctoral-level expertise in distinct focus areas. Let’s explore what makes the two programs different.

What is PsyD?

The PsyD, or Doctor of Psychology, is a doctoral degree to prepare graduates for clinical practice. Unlike a PhD that leans heavily towards research, a PsyD program prioritizes hands-on clinical training. This means you’ll spend a significant time of your studies improving the skills necessary to diagnose and treat mental health conditions.

PsyD programs typically focus on the following areas:

• Psychological assessment : Developing and interpreting tests to evaluate a person’s mental health and cognitive functioning.
• Psychotherapy theories and techniques : Learning various therapeutic approaches to treat different disorders.
• Psychopharmacology : Understanding the effects of medications used in mental health treatment (though prescribing medication may require additional training).
• Ethical and legal considerations : Navigating the ethical and legal aspects of practicing psychology.

PsyD programs also involve clinical practice. Students gain real-world experience working directly with patients under the supervision of licensed psychologists. This allows them to refine their skills, build confidence, and gain invaluable exposure to diverse clinical settings.

What is a PhD?

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, in psychology , equips you with the knowledge and skills to become a leading researcher. Some PsyD programs may include research training. A PhD program is a deep dive into scientific psychology research. You’ll develop expertise in research methodology, including designing experiments, analyzing complex data, and interpreting results.

The core curriculum focuses on areas like:

• Statistics and research methods : Learning about the tools to conduct rigorous psychological research.
• Psychological theory and research : Gaining a deep understanding of existing psychological theories and research findings.
• Data analysis : Learning advanced statistical techniques to analyze and interpret research data.
• Grant writing : Developing the skills to secure funding for your own research projects.

PhD programs require students to work on a research project called a dissertation. This allows them to make an original contribution to psychological knowledge by conducting independent research.

Comparing PsyD and PhD in Psychology

Choosing the right doctoral program in psychology  is important for your career, whether you aspire to conduct research or focus on clinical practice.

Similarities

The PsyD and PhD programs require a master’s degree or equivalent for admission. In addition, both programs are competitive, with applicants needing a strong academic background and relevant experience. In terms of curriculum, both degrees cover foundational psychological theories, ethics, and an understanding of diverse populations. Standardized tests like the GRE are part of the enrollment requirements.

Differences

A PhD in Psychology tends to be research-oriented, preparing students for an academic or specialized research career. In contrast, a Psy.D. program focuses on clinical practice, aiming to develop your skills for therapeutic and assessment interventions.

A PhD generally provides more research opportunities, while a Psy.D. focuses more on practical clinical experience. Psychology PhD programs often take longer to complete  – usually around 5 to 7 years – compared to the shorter duration of 4 to 6 years for most Psy.D. programs.

Distinguishing Factors

One of the key distinguishing factors is the end goal of each program. If your goal is to enter into academia or high-level research positions, a PhD in Psychology is ideal. The reason is that it provides a strong emphasis on research and teaching.

On the other hand, if you’re looking for a career where you can work directly with clients and provide therapy, a Psy.D. is the better fit.

When can a PsyD in psychology be useful?

A Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) is ideal for those who aim to engage with patients directly in a clinical setting. With a PsyD, you’ll be trained in various therapeutic techniques, giving you the tools to support and understand your patients’ mental health needs.

Applications of a PsyD

• Clinical Practice : As a clinical psychologist, you can diagnose and treat mental health disorders, offering much-needed care.
• Healthcare Teams : Work collaboratively within healthcare systems, contributing psychological expertise to complement the physical healthcare other medical professionals provide.
• Private Practice : Establish your own practice, giving you the flexibility and autonomy to work with the patients you’re most passionate about helping.

Benefits and Opportunities

• Career Opportunities : A PsyD can lead to positions in hospitals, schools, private practice, or even corporate settings where psychological expertise is valued.
• Salary Potential : While salaries can vary widely based on location and specialty, your expertise as a PsyD may provide you with a competitive salary in the healthcare sector.
• Impact on Patients:  Directly influence and improve patient lives through various therapeutic modalities and personalized care.

When can a PhD in psychology be useful?

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology could be instrumental in your profession. Let’s look at where this degree can take you:

• Academia and Teaching : With a PhD, you can shape future generations of psychologists as a professor. Your days might consist of conducting lectures and seminars, assisting in departmental duties, and guiding graduate students.
• Research : A PhD equips you with the knowledge and skills to perform advanced psychological research. Whether in labs, universities, or private sectors, you could be at the forefront of discoveries in the field of psychology.
• Clinical Training : Although a Psy.D. is clinically focused, a PhD offers clinical training. If you want to combine research with practice, a PhD may fulfill that balance, allowing you to provide evidence-based therapies while conducting research.
• Career Opportunities Beyond Psychology : With the skills you acquire with a PhD, you can pursue rewarding careers in government agencies, nonprofit organizations, or consulting roles.

Your education in a PhD program would be thorough and often includes a combination of coursework, comprehensive exams, research projects, and a dissertation. Pursuing this degree positions you for a career that can influence the educational landscape, contribute to valuable research, and extend beyond traditional psychology roles.

Which is better — A PsyD or a PhD in Psychology?

When choosing between a PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) and a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology), your career goals significantly influence your decision. A PsyD might be better if you aim for a career in clinical practice, therapy, and patient care. On the other hand, a PhD is ideal for those who see themselves in research roles or academia, contributing to the science of psychology through research and teaching.

Clinical Practice

• PsyD : Focuses on practical, hands-on training in psychology. Great for those looking to interact directly with clients.
• PhD : Includes clinical training with a greater emphasis on research methodology.

Research Roles

• PsyD : Provides research training , less than a PhD.
• PhD : Prepares you for a career in psychological research. Conduct studies and publish findings.

Carefully consider how each degree aligns with your professional goals. For value for money, consider tuition and funding opportunities. Generally, psychology PhD programs can be costly , but they do offer more substantial funding options, such as assistantships that can reduce tuition costs.

If you value versatility, a PhD provides diverse opportunities, from teaching to consulting. Your scope with a PsyD can be equally broad and more clinically oriented. Some appreciate the PsyD’s practical focus, while others value the PhD’s research opportunities. Both degrees can lead to licensure and are respected in their fields.

Tips for Choosing Between a PsyD and a PhD

A PsyD is ideal for those who aim for clinical practice, focusing on therapy and counseling. In contrast, a PhD prepares you for a career in research or academia. Interests also play a key role. If your passion lies in applied psychological work and direct patient care, choose a PsyD. If you love teaching, theory, or scientific exploration, a PhD might be more suitable.

When looking at universities with strong psychology programs , ensure they offer robust programs with quality training opportunities. Regardless of your psychology degree preference , checking for accreditation is vital . Accredited programs meet professional and educational standards important for future licensure.

Your decision will influence the type of licensure you’ll be eligible for after graduation. Address this early by understanding the licensure requirements in your state or the region you wish to practice. This will ensure you choose a program that aligns with those goals. Keep in mind that the route to becoming a licensed psychologist often varies depending on your degree.

Psychology Careers Outside Clinic Psychology and Research

A PsyD and a PhD in psychology open diverse career paths  for you. Following are some careers outside the traditional clinical and research roles:

Jury Consultant

Ever wondered how courts select jurors? Jury consultants use psychology to help attorneys understand juror biases, personality traits, and decision-making processes. They assist courts in jury selection and develop strategies to present cases persuasively.

Forensic Psychologist

This role applies psychological principles to the legal system. Forensic psychologists consult with law enforcement , attorneys, and courts on various issues, such as criminal profiling, eyewitness testimony, and assessing competency to stand trial.

Rehabilitation Counselor

This role focuses on helping individuals with disabilities or chronic illnesses improve their quality of life. You’ll work with clients to develop rehabilitation plans, provide counseling support, and connect them with resources to address specific challenges.

Addiction Counselor

Specializing in substance abuse and addiction, addiction counselors provide vital support to individuals struggling with addiction. You’ll use evidence-based interventions like motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral therapy to help clients overcome addiction and build healthier lifestyles.

Sports Psychologist

Mental health plays a critical role in athletic performance. Sports psychologists use psychological principles to help athletes enhance focus, build confidence, manage stress, and achieve peak performance.

Related Questions

Do most psychologists have a phd or psyd.

A PhD is the more commonly held degree among professionals. This is due to its long-standing presence in the academic and research area compared to the PsyD.

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a PsyD?

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor specializing in mental health, meaning they’ve pursued an MD or DO and are qualified to prescribe medication. In contrast, someone with a PsyD is an expert in therapy and psychological testing. They do not typically have a medical license.

What are the origins of a PsyD?

In the 1960s, the need for more rigorous clinical training instead of research led to the introduction of PsyD programs. Psychologists at the time recognized a gap in preparing professionals directly for working with patients, as opposed to solely research in a lab setting.

PsyD and PhD in psychology offer rewarding paths that cater to different passions. The PsyD equips you with direct patient care, while the PhD hones your research skills to push the boundaries of psychological knowledge. Remember, the degree you pursue shapes your contribution and journey in psychology.

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What are the Differences Between a Psy.D. and Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology

Though most people are likely more familiar with a Ph.D. in clinical psychology , a Psy.D. also offers you the opportunity to study at a high level in this field. In fact, a Psy.D. is a terminal degree, just like a Ph.D.

However, there are many differences between a Ph.D. and a Psy.D. that make one a better choice in some situations over the other. These differences, which are explained in detail below, include different time commitments in college, different coursework, and different job opportunities, to name a few.

If you are on the fence about pursuing a Psy.D. or a Ph.D., consult the guide below to learn more about these similar yet very different degree paths!

PsyD Vs PhD in Clinical Psychology

A PsyD in Clinical Psychology is a practice-focused degree emphasizing clinical work, while a PhD in Clinical Psychology is more research-focused, preparing students for academia or research roles. Both qualify graduates for licensure as clinical psychologists .

A Psy.D. focuses on practical training. For example, as a prospective clinical psychologist, your Psy.D. program would focus on helping you develop the skills needed to provide competent psychological services to clients. In other words, a Psy.D. prepares you to work directly with clients by focusing on acquiring clinical psychology skills, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, marriage and family therapy, and psychoanalysis.

Meanwhile, a Ph.D. in clinical psychology usually focuses more on the theoretical bases of clinical psychology and clinical psychology research. While you will still gain the skills needed to work directly with clients, the bulk of the program is spent conducting clinical psychology research and preparing you for non-clinical applications of your knowledge.

For example, with a Ph.D. in clinical psychology, you might take courses in psychological research, research ethics, and statistics. The skills you gain in these and other research-oriented experiences prepare you for work in research labs, think tanks, or as a college professor.

Differences in Coursework

Since a Psy.D. and Ph.D. in clinical psychology both prepare you for clinical work, there are some similarities in the courses you take. A good example of this are in the theoretical and scientific bases of psychology, which include courses like:

• History and Systems of Psychology , which explores the foundations of psychology as a science.
• Psychoanalytic Models of Psychology , which focuses on the theories of Freud and his followers and their application in treating psychological disorders.
• Biological Models of Psychology , which examines the theories of psychologists like William James, who espoused that human behavior is largely influenced by biological forces.

But since a Psy.D. prepares you for clinical work and a Ph.D. focuses more on research and academic work, there are far more courses that are different between these two degrees. More specifically, the purpose of courses is different.

For example, as a Psy.D. student, you will likely take courses that examine the social aspects of human behavior. Social psychology is a prime example. In this course, you will develop an understanding of how society influences individual behavior. But more importantly, you will learn how to take those forces into account in a therapeutic setting.

Additionally, you will learn how to use theories and approaches from social psychology as tools for treating psychological disorders. An example of this might be using family systems theory to examine how members of a family (or even a community) interact with one another and reframing maladaptive ways of interacting with more positive ones.

But, as a Ph.D. student in a clinical psychology program, your social psychology course would likely focus more on the theoretical underpinnings of the field. In addition to studying seminal work in social psychology, you would also participate in clinical social psychology research.

For example, you might work with a professor that’s studying how group thinking influences individual decision-making. So, rather than studying therapeutic techniques like a Psy.D. student, your purpose would be to investigate how the decisions we make are (or are not) influenced by other people.

Let’s explore another example of the differences in coursework.

As a Psy.D. student, you are likely to take a number of courses in the realms of diagnosis and psychopathology. Again, your focus is on learning how to diagnose mental illnesses and how to identify psychopathology in various populations. To do so, you might take advanced courses in the diagnosis of childhood mental health disorders, including field experiences in which you work with mentally ill children.

But, as a Ph.D. student in clinical psychology, your courses in diagnosis and psychopathology might focus more on the origins of diagnosis and the questions yet unanswered in the realm of psychopathology.

So, while you might learn how to effectively use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5 TR) , your greater focus might be on how the DSM was developed and what research questions remain about the DSM system.

Furthermore, your learning experiences in psychopathology might focus less on how to treat it and more on gaining the skills necessary to study psychopathology and advance the field’s understanding of abnormal human behavior.

Another primary difference in coursework between a Psy.D. and Ph.D. program is the culminating learning experience. As a Psy.D. student, you will likely have to complete a dissertation, but more and more Psy.D. programs are focusing more on final research projects with greater emphasis on the practical application of what you have learned in the program.

A good example of this is a culminating experience in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. Rather than conducting research and writing a dissertation on new treatment modalities for paranoid schizophrenia (as a Ph.D. student might do), you might be asked to present how you would treat a client with paranoid schizophrenia.

In other words, your Psy.D. program, which focuses on gaining practical skills for working with clients from the get-go, might end with less research and more experience actually putting your knowledge and skills to the test.

Conversely, as a Ph.D. student in clinical psychology, you will very likely have to conduct doctoral research and defend your findings in a dissertation. Much like a practical culminating experience aligns with the Psy.D. program and prepares you for future clinical work, a dissertation brings together the research-related skills you have learned in your Ph.D. program and prepares you to continue that research focus after you graduate.

In many cases, Psy.D. programs are shorter than Ph.D. programs in clinical psychology. On average, a Psy.D. takes about four to six years, while a Ph.D. might take as many as eight years. A major reason for this difference is that Ph.D. programs have much more significant research requirements to graduate.

Differences in Career Opportunities

The careers you might pursue after graduation with a Psy.D. or Ph.D. differ much like the coursework for these programs. On the one hand, you might be more likely to pursue clinical work with clients with a Psy.D. On the other hand, you might pursue teaching or research positions with a Ph.D.

With a Psy.D., you might work in a community mental health setting with clients who are experiencing low-level mental health issues like periodic depression or work-related anxiety or who are experiencing difficulties in their marriage. But with doctoral-level training, you can also work with seriously mentally ill people.

For example, you might be employed by a residential mental health center where you specialize in treating patients with a dissociative disorder. In this capacity, you would likely work with a team of specialists to provide holistic patient care, including mental health treatment, physical health and wellness interventions, and psychopharmacology .

As a Psy.D. graduate, you could also choose to work in private practice . With your knowledge of psychological theory and your understanding of diagnosis and treatment strategies, you could choose to work with a broad spectrum of clients. Conversely, you could choose to specialize and work with a very narrowly defined client base, such as adolescents with ADHD, trauma victims, or people with psychotic disorders.

As a Ph.D. graduate, these clinical applications might be open to you. But you would also have the research knowledge and experience to work in the field of psychological research.

For example, you might work for a pharmaceutical company and run clinical trials for emerging drug treatments for psychological illnesses. As another example, you might work for a government agency or non-profit researching common psychological problems, like what effect divorce has on the emotional development of children or the ways in which social media influences personality development in pre-teen girls.

It’s important to note that these pathways are not set in stone, particularly for Ph.D. students. Many people who get a Ph.D. in clinical psychology go into practice – be that privately or in a community mental health setting – and never conduct psychological research after they graduate. Since a Psy.D. more narrowly focuses on clinical applications, it is far less common for a Psy.D. graduate to conduct research.

Is a PhD or PsyD Better for Clinical Psychology?

If you think about a future as a psychologist that works directly with clients and helps them work through psychological difficulties, your better bet might be to get a Psy.D. Not only are Psy.D. programs more focused on clinical applications, but they also tend to be shorter.

Meanwhile, if being a psychological researcher is what you aspire to be, a Ph.D. program in clinical psychology is a more appropriate pathway. Likewise, Ph.D. programs tend to be better aligned for careers in academics, either as a researcher or as a teacher.

If you are not sure of your future career goals, it’s important to talk to an academic advisor, a professor, or another trusted source. Combined with reading guides like this, you can use their expertise to help better define what you want to learn, how you want to use your skills, and what you want to do for your career.

Related Reading

• PsyD Vs Ph.D. in Psychology
• LPC Vs. Psychologist – Key Differences
• Master’s in Counseling Vs. Master’s in Social Work
• Mental Health Counselor Vs. Psychologist – Key Differences
• What are the Differences Between an LPC and an LMFT?
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Masters vs. Doctorate in Clinical Psychology

Know the facts when deciding between a master's or doctorate in clinical psych..

Posted June 13, 2016 | Reviewed by Ekua Hagan

In choosing a career related to clinical psychology, there are a lot of decisions that must be made. In a previous post we discussed the Ph.D.-PsyD decision. Today, we want to explore another tough decision: Master's (e.g., MA/MS in Psychology, Marriage , and Family (Counseling) Therapy , Mental Health Counseling or MSW) versus Doctorate (Ph.D. or PsyD).

Let’s start with some basic characteristics of each type of degree. First, a Master of Psychology can be in clinical (best suited for those with an interest in psychopathological populations and behavioral health), counseling (best for those interested in vocational and career processes, human diversity, and professional training) or educational (provide counseling services to students, including those with a learning disability or those with behavioral or social problems).

Second, a Master's of Social Work (MSW) degree can be in a clinical direct practice track, or a macro-practice track (i.e., focus on political advocacy, community organizing, policy analysis and/or human services management ).

Third, a PsyD is a Doctor of Psychology degree that is best suited for those with an interest in psychopathological populations and behavioral health, and places greater emphasis on the practice of psychology and less emphasis on research. Finally, a Ph.D. (a Doctor of Philosophy degree) can be obtained in the same domains as a Master’s degree, and puts greater emphasis on research than a PsyD.

The time frame for completing each of these graduate degrees is MSW: 2 years, MA: 2 years, PsyD: 4-6 years, and Ph.D.: 5-7 years. During these years of study, it is important to note that (in general) only Ph.D. students will receive support (tuition paid and a stipend) during their years in graduate school.

Of course, there are funding exceptions, especially in cases where a university only has a Master’s program. In addition, scholarships are sometimes available to MSW, MA and PsyD students, but this is generally rare. Support during graduate school might be very important for you, because you can rack up literally tens of thousands of dollars each year in financial assistance, and the amount of money you will earn with your graduate degree may not be as high as you imagined.

Master’s and PsyD programs, in general, are unable to provide the same type of support as a Ph.D. program. Part of this is tied to the fact that typically only Ph.D. students serve as Teaching Assistants or Research Assistants. Also, because Ph.D. programs have far fewer graduate students than PsyD programs, schools are able to afford to support their Ph.D. students.

As far as deciding to go Master or Doctorate degree, there are several issues to keep in mind. First, the general state of affairs for graduate school acceptance is that there is a hierarchy, with Master's programs being easier to get into than PsyD programs and Ph.D programs being the hardest to get into. For the sake of this post, ease of being accepted is defined in terms of grades and GRE scores, although other factors (e.g., clinical and research experience) do come into play. Of course, there are exceptions to this hierarchy, and you may decide to seek a degree at a for-profit school where grades and GRE score are not deemed as important as a non-profit public or private institution.

Our point is simply that your decision about going for a Master’s or Doctorate degree in a graduate program may be a function of what type of program your grades can get you into. We are not saying this is fair, but we hope you understand that schools need some way to pare down the number of students they will accept, with grades and (especially) GRE scores are seen as two important criteria to make these decisions.

We want to add one more point about all of this. It may be the case that your undergraduate academic record is not strong enough to get into a Doctoral program, but you can get accepted into a Master’s program and you do very well in this program. This can work to your advantage if you still want a Doctorate. The thinking here is that if you do well in the Master’s program, you show a Doctoral program that your undergraduate academic record was not indicative of your true potential. However, your stellar record in your Master’s program can show you have what it takes to continue your education in a Doctoral program.

The second issue to think about is the length of time you will be in graduate school. As stated above, the time in graduate school is shorter for a Master’s student than a Ph.D. student. Of course, this means a typical Master’s student can be earning a real salary a few years before a Ph.D. student. Although this is true, one must keep in mind (1) a Master’s degree leads (on average) to a lower salary than a PhD, and (2) a Master’s student will typically have some debt incurred during their two years in school. Let me add that to find out tuition costs for any APA-accredited graduate program, go to their website and look for the link that says “Student Admissions, Outcomes and Other Data.” I think you will be very surprised to see the tuition costs at graduate programs—they’re pretty high. As stated earlier, a Ph.D. student will typically not have any tuition debt hanging over their head. Thus the extra salary for a Master’s student in the time they are out of graduate school working compared to the stipend of a Ph.D. student will probably be offset by the debt the Master’s student must repay.

Third, whether you go for a Master’s or Doctoral degree, you need to consider issues of accreditation of your graduate program and (for Doctoral degrees) your clinical internship. The reason for this is that graduating from an accredited program will offer a greater range of job opportunities. In fact, some employers will only hire those from accredited graduate programs (e.g., the Veterans Administration). If a school does not indicate that it is accredited (e.g., from the American Psychological Association) it should be viewed with caution. With all of this in mind, you should know that to be licensed (certified to practice by a state) in your chosen field it is often the case that you need an accredited graduate degree or internship. Also, note that licensure requires supervised professional experience, an examination at both the state and national levels. Specific courses may be required if a state deems it necessary.

Fourth, as discussed earlier, you must be clear about the issue of job opportunities and salary. In general, it is the case that Master’s degrees lead to fewer job opportunities and lower salaries than Doctoral degrees. One could argue that this is a function of the amount of training--employers are looking for potential employees who have more experience and supervised training. Some might argue that in this regard, a Doctoral student has a stronger foundation of training than a Master's student.

Fifth, you need to decide how much research training versus clinical practice training you want. If you are hoping for the former, then a Ph.D. is definitely for you. A Master’s in Psychology degree may include some research experience. An MSW and a PsyD will likely offer the least research training. One must keep in mind, however, that regardless of the clinical degree you pursue, there will always be some discussion of research, since the basis of diagnoses, testing, therapeutic techniques, etc. is based on research. The key point here is that certain clinical degrees do not require you to be actually conducting research.

Finally, give some thought to how much independence you want to have when you graduate. This all revolves around the issue of licensure that was raised earlier, and it gets very complicated because every state has its own laws regarding licensure for psychology-related degrees. Make sure you understand the laws for the state where you will practice. Of course, you might not know where you will end up, but you must be aware that the state where you end up living may have very different laws than what you expected or from where you originally were working. An important point to keep in mind about licensure is that once you are licensed, if you decide to go into private practice, your fee schedule is typically market-driven.

With all of this in mind, licensure issues require you to consider the following (also check out this info from the APA ):

You need to see what are the licenses your state approves. For a PsyD and PhD, this is not a problem, because all states will have a license for a Psychologist. The issue gets tricky when you have a Master's degree, because states tend to have different types of licensure for these individuals.

• If your state does not have a license that meets your background, what requirements are needed to get a license in a different area? For example, your Master’s degree may not allow you to be licensed as a Psychologist, but after meeting additional requirements you might get licensed as a Licensed Clinical Counselor.
• You need to be clear which licenses require you to be supervised (by a colleague with a certain license) and which allow for autonomous functioning (i.e., functioning on your own). Keep in mind that an employer typically likes an employee to be autonomous—they do not like paying for two hours of supervision (your time and that of your supervisor).
• When you apply for a license that will eventually allow autonomous functioning, what are the requirements to ultimately receive this license (e.g., supervision hours, direct service hours) that you must fulfill?

In presenting these important factors to think about with regard to a Master's vs. Doctoral degree], we, of course, understand that each individual has unique circumstances that must be taken into account. Still, we hope that presenting these factors gives you some food for thought as you consider your ultimate career path in clinical psychology.

Please note that the comments of Dr. Golding, Dr. Lippert and the others who post on this blog express their own opinion and not that of the University of Kentucky.

Want more? Check out our website for more psychology-related career information.

Jonathan Golding, Ph.D. , is a professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky. Anne Lippert, Ph.D. , is a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Kentucky.

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PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: What’s the Difference?

A PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) degree and a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in psychology both offer advanced education and training to develop expertise in psychology. While both degrees prepare you for careers in the field of psychology, deciding which degree is right for you can depend on your career interests. So, PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology: What’s the Difference?

One important factor to consider is whether the doctoral program you are interested in is clinical or non-clinical. A PsyD program focuses on clinical training, while a PhD in psychology is more oriented towards scientific research. It is essential to evaluate your goals for obtaining a graduate degree and choose the program that best aligns with those goals.

Although many PsyD-holders work in research or teaching roles, and many non-clinical PhD-holders work in helping professions, if your objective is to obtain licensure for clinical practice, pursuing a PsyD may be the appropriate choice. Conversely, if you have no interest in clinical practice and prefer a career in other areas, a non-clinical PhD might be a better fit.

What Is a PhD in Psychology?

A non-clinical PhD program in psychology generally focuses on the knowledge of psychology without the focus of specifically working with clients. Usually, PhD programs focus on information rather than practice – how the mind works, how humans develop throughout their lives, or even how changing conditions (in the environment, in a community, or in a family) can impact different populations.

Non-clinical programs also focus on research skills – how to conduct research that contributes to the body of knowledge about psychology. Ultimately, pursuing a PhD in Psychology prepares students for a wide range of career opportunities in the field of psychology, whether in research, consulting, or teaching.

What Is a PsyD?

A PsyD is a doctoral degree in psychology that prepares students for careers as clinical psychologists. It is an applied clinical doctorate degree that is one of the highest-level degrees available in the field of psychology. The degree is a terminal degree, similar to the PhD and EdD, and in many states, the PsyD leads to licensure as long as you also meet the other requirements established by the state’s licensing board.

What’s the Difference Between PsyD and PhD in Psychology?

The key difference between a PsyD and a PhD in psychology lies in the primary focus and training emphasis of each degree. PsyD programs concentrate on clinical work and practical application, preparing students for licensure eligibility and careers as practicing psychologists. In contrast, PhD programs in psychology, particularly those following the scientist-practitioner model, place a greater emphasis on research training and may lead to careers in academia, research, or non-clinical settings.

Feel free to reach out to professors, professionals in the field you are interested in, as well as organizations of interest to determine if your career goals will require licensure. You will need to do some soul-searching and some research, but these efforts will help you choose the best path toward realizing your goals. Contact state and national psychological organizations to request information about licensing requirements. You can also call your state licensing board and speak with an advisor about what jobs and positions require licensure. You can even browse through local job listings to see what the employer’s requirements are.

Courses/Training

PsyD programs typically provide a comprehensive curriculum encompassing clinical theory and application, core psychological principles, research methodologies, and psychological evaluation and assessment. The training component is structured to facilitate practical exposure throughout the program duration, comprising ethnographic learning in the initial stage, followed by multiple practicum placements, an Externship in the penultimate year, and a predoctoral Internship in the final year.

PhD programs typically emphasize scholarly writing and foundational psychological knowledge, coupled with basic to advanced research methods and study planning, as well as psychological tests and measurements. Students have the flexibility to pursue a general PhD program or opt for a specialization in fields such as Gerontology, Health Psychology, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Gender and Sexuality Psychology, Social Policy and Behavioral Health Administration, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders, or Trauma and Disaster Relief. For those pursuing a specialization, the curriculum includes additional courses pertinent to the selected field.

Licensing/Certification

The PhD in psychology program does not lead to certification or licensure. Graduates of the PsyD program who have completed a year-long postdoctoral residency can take the licensing exam in professional psychology, known as the EPPP. Passing this exam enables the individual to apply for licensure in any state, although some additional state requirements may vary. More information about the EPPP may be found on the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (SPPB) website.

How to Choose Between PhD and PsyD

If your goal is to work in a job or career where state licensure to practice psychology is required, a PsyD or clinical PhD program is your best option. However, there are many positions where you might work directly with people or within the mental health field that do not require state licensure. As part of choosing the correct program, consider your goals and the career path you want to pursue.

If you want a job that requires licensure, choose a PsyD. If you are interested in jobs that don’t involve working as a clinician, consider if a PhD might be the right path. It’s also important to consider issues such as class size, graduation rates, doctoral projects, and financial assistance/scholarships available.

Career Options for PhD and PsyD

Here, we delve into the wide range of professional opportunities for those with advanced psychology degrees. Discover the multitude of rewarding careers across academia, research, clinical practice, and more.

Clinical Career Options

Most PsyD graduates work in a variety of clinical roles: psychotherapy (individual, family, and group); assessor, administering and interpreting psychological test data; Neuropsychology; consultation; and forensic work. Increasingly, clinical psychologists collaborate in teams with other healthcare providers, such as social workers, physicians, nurses, and counselors.

According to APA’s Center for Workforce Analysis , 74% of clinical psychologists report that they work collaboratively with other healthcare providers. As a result, the PsyD is a versatile degree, enabling one to potentially work in business, education, healthcare, and research, in addition to the traditional practice settings of psychotherapy and assessment.

In a recent survey, there were approximately 106,000 licensed psychologists in the US, 87% of whom were employed 5 years post-graduation (APA, 2019), earning a median annual salary of $90,000. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, demand for licensed psychologists is set to grow by over 12% in the next 10 years. They predict further that clinical career opportunities in Neuropsychology, Geropsychology, and Forensic psychology are expected to show even stronger growth.

Non-clinical Career Options

If you need to complete a clinical program such as a PsyD to become a clinician, what can you do as a non-clinical PhD in psychology? Individuals with a PhD in Psychology work in a wide variety of career fields. Recent research suggests 50% of those with a psychology PhD reported working as counselors, top-level managers and administrators, training and labor relations specialists, and managers in the medical and health services fields ( Pappas & Samm, 2021 ). The National Science Foundation (2021) reported that over the past ten years, those with a doctorate in psychology entering business or industry has increased by 10%.

Psychology Professor (non-clinical)

A psychology professor is an expert in their field of psychological study (non-clinical) who instructs students at a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral level and conducts psychological research. They often work at a college or university where they specialize in a particular area of psychology, including organizational/industrial, developmental, forensic, health, or neuropsychology. As of May 2022, the BLS reported the median average salary for a psychology professor is $78,810.

Research psychologists investigate different topics, carry out experiments, and contribute to the advancement of our scientific understanding. They are predominantly employed in psychology departments, medical schools, and business schools within higher education institutions. However, researchers also hold positions in government, non-profit organizations, and the private sector. As of May 2021, the BLS reported the median average salary for a research psychologist is $81,040.

Organizational Psychologist

Industrial-organizational psychologists concentrate on studying the actions of workers within their work environment. By utilizing research methods and psychological principles, they aim to enhance various aspects of the work environment, such as performance, communication, job satisfaction, and safety. I/O psychologists are employed in diverse work settings, such as organizational development, talent management, or people analytics. As of May 2022, the BLS reports the median average salary for an Industrial-organizational psychologist is $139,280.

Forensic Psychologist

Forensic psychologists specialize in the application of scientific psychological principles to legal matters at all levels of the justice system. Non-clinical forensic psychologists don’t provide evaluation or treatment services but instead engage in research, consultation, and non-clinical service delivery pertaining to psychology and the law. Consultation involves providing expert psychological knowledge within the legal and judicial systems, while research may focus on areas such as memory, perception, child development, and decision-making as they relate to eyewitnesses, juvenile offenders, or police training and procedures.

They may also be employed by mental health, substance abuse, and intellectual or developmental disability facilities or in policing. The overall objective of forensic psychology is to support law enforcement officers, attorneys, and judges in implementing evidence-based policies that promote fairness and accuracy in the justice system. As of July 2022, data from Indeed reported the median average salary for a forensic psychologist is $94,045.

Sports Psychologist

Sports psychologists specialize in both the psychological and physical aspects that impact an individual’s motivation and performance in competitive sports and athletic activities. Although they are not clinical psychologists and do not conduct psychological counseling or assessments, they can become a Certified Mental Performance Consultant (CMP) and offer support to clients in developing and utilizing cognitive, life, or self-regulation skills to improve their performance, personal growth, and enjoyment in sports or other areas such as the military or performing arts.

These professionals may work in various settings, including private practice, health clinics, academic institutions, government agencies, or with professional or collegiate sports teams. As of July 2022, data from Indeed reported the median average salary for a sports psychologist is $54,000.

Developmental Psychologist

Developmental psychologists explore the process of growth and adaptation across different life stages. They engage in research that is intended to assist of people of all ages to achieve their full potential and support their growth, and collaborate with people of all ages to comprehend and promote their development. Developmental psychologists operate in a range of contexts, including academic institutions, government agencies, healthcare facilities, and schools.

Those employed in colleges and universities usually concentrate on research or teaching, while those employed in applied settings, such as healthcare facilities or clinics, help evaluate, assess, and treat individuals who have developmental disabilities. Developmental psychologists might also work in nursing homes, hospitals, mental health clinics, or centers for the homeless. As of May 2023, the BLS reported the average salary for a developmental psychologist is $74,509

Health Psychologist

Health psychologists investigate how patients manage illness, reasons people may fail to follow medical advice, and effective approaches to alleviate pain or modify unhealthy behaviors. They also create healthcare programs aimed at enhancing emotional and physical wellness.

A health psychologist who does not work in a clinical setting typically collaborates with clinical psychologists or physicians in areas such as weight management, pain management, aiding individuals in coping with genetic diseases, preventing patient re-hospitalization, and designing walkable communities that encourage physical activity. As of May 2023, according to data provided by ZipRecruiter , the average salary for a health psychologist is $91,884.

Neuropsychologist

Non-clinical neuropsychologists research cognitive impairment and its effects on behavior, emotions, and cognitive abilities. They may also investigate various therapeutic and alternative methods for diagnosing and treating neurological disorders. While non-clinical neuropsychologists do not provide medical treatment, they do work with other healthcare professionals to help them understand the causes of neurological disorders, the impact these disorders can have on daily life, and to provide training to professionals such as clinical psychologists and psychotherapists on how to manage cognitive disorders and diseases. As of July 2022, data from Indeed reported the median average salary for neuropsychologists is $162,400.

Earn Your PsyD or PhD from National University

The PsyD program at NU offers small classes and individual attention, owing to our 10:1 student: faculty ratio. A small number of scholarships are available through the Dean’s office at the JFK School of Psychology and Social Sciences. 94% of our students graduate from the program. The PsyD program is currently in its last phase of securing accreditation from APA (a reapplication for the program was necessitated by the closure of JFKU in 2020). For further information about the program’s accreditation status, please contact Dr. Doug Haldeman, Program Director ( [email protected] ).

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology program at National University offers students the opportunity to complete their studies on their own time, with a new start date every Monday. The program is 100% online and can be completed in 46 months, with 20 courses, and is taught in the 1;1 teaching model.

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PsyD vs. PhD: Which Is Right for Me?

by Celeste Jones, PsyD, ABPP

What’s the difference between a PhD and a PsyD degree in clinical psychology ?

In short, while both degrees afford training opportunities in both research and clinical work, the curriculum is designed differently to address the following emphases:

• The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology is a research doctorate designed to advance the knowledge base of the discipline through research and writing, typically within an academic setting.
• The Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)  is a professional doctorate designed to train psychologists for clinical practice, including providing psychotherapy, psychological assessment, and consultation in a variety of clinical settings.

View the PsyD program at George Fox University in Oregon

The Field of Clinical Psychology

There are many different career paths and areas of specialty within psychology, all aimed toward scholarship and/or service that bring psychological healing and wellness to a world that desperately needs it. For this reason, there are also many types of psychological training programs, including both clinical and non-clinical specializations.

The study of clinical psychology specifically explores the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of mental and behavioral health concerns of individuals and families , ranging from mild to severe psychopathology. Clinical psychology also includes work in consultation, training, supervision, teaching and research.

Some non-clinical psychology doctoral degrees include PhDs in social psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and experimental psychology, which are designed to develop academic scholars and researchers in these areas.

Within clinical psychology, one of the primary differentiators between training programs is the distinction between PhD (“scientist-practitioner” model) and PsyD (“practitioner-scholar” model) programs. There is considerable overlap between them in both research and clinical training, and both can be accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) . To further complicate matters, psychologists from both types of programs are often convincing and passionate about the effectiveness of whichever they endorse.

So let’s consider the general differences between the PhD and PsyD in clinical psychology.

PhD clinical psychology programs most often use a mentor-based model of doctoral training, where a student is matched to a single research mentor who they work most closely with throughout their doctoral training. The PhD mentor is responsible to monitor their student’s academic progress and oversee the completion of their doctoral dissertation, often based on the mentor’s area of research interest.

PhD clinical psychology programs are six years long , starting with two years of course work, traditionally with 20 to 40% of course work in statistics and research. After two years of course work, there are three years of clinical practicum, the last two of which also include completion of a doctoral dissertation.

In PhD programs, there are fewer courses, with more time dedicated to research and scholarship . Year six is dedicated to completion of a year-long, full-time supervised internship. While specific rates vary, generally about half of the individuals who graduate from PhD clinical psychology programs become academics or researchers, and the other half engage in the practice of clinical psychology.

PsyD clinical psychology programs most often involve more course work than the PhD programs , aiming to focus in more depth on clinical skills and foundations needed for clinical practice in a wide range of populations and settings. Most PsyD programs match students to a research mentor to facilitate completion of the doctoral dissertation, but there is less time spent on research in general.

PsyD programs are completed in five years , with the first year dedicated to foundational course work, followed by three years of a combination of course work, clinical practicum and dissertation research. The fifth year is dedicated to completion of a year-long, full-time supervised internship. Clinical training toward service delivery is the emphasis of these training programs, with students gaining enough competency in research to be able to apply research effectively in their clinical practice.

Social Context

As psychologists are aware, social context matters immensely to one’s overall well-being, and graduate training programs in clinical psychology are no exception. Many prospective students wonder what kinds of social support are provided in graduate training programs, and PhD and PsyD programs often have different organizing structures around the training relationships students are involved in.

Traditionally, PhD programs are smaller programs , with a mentor taking one to two new students each training year.  Depending on the number of faculty in a program, there may be five to 10 students in each graduating class. With fewer courses and more limited relationships with other faculty, the most important relationship in this kind of program is with the mentor, with a second level of support coming from other students working in the same mentor’s research lab.

PsyD programs are typically a bit larger , with 20 to 50 students per graduating class.  Generally, the PsyD programs that are on the lower end of those class sizes are more likely to be “high-touch” programs, emphasizing close-knit faculty-student and community relationships as formative to the developing psychologist. With less time committed to research and more course work with various faculty, PsyD students have the opportunity to develop close relationships with many mentors  (research advisor, clinical practicum supervisors, other faculty).

Many PsyD programs also use “cohort model” training, in which an incoming student class generally takes all of their required course work together with the students they entered the program with, an intentional design to promote student relationship-building and the formation of healthy group dynamics that facilitate student learning and development.

Career Opportunities

One of the draws of gaining a doctorate in clinical psychology, whether PhD or PsyD, is the wide variety of career opportunities a clinical psychologist is equipped for.

PhD programs may have more students interested in becoming academic scholars and college faculty members (which do not necessarily require licensure), while PsyD programs may have more students interested in clinical practice and the delivery of psychological services with clients.

Within clinical service, the settings in which psychologists work include:

• Private practices
• Group practices
• Community mental health agencies
• Prisons and corrections settings
• Psychiatric inpatient treatment
• Residential treatment centers
• Primary care offices

Their work can include diagnosis, assessment and treatment of common psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression and ADHD, as well as rarer and/or more severe psychopathology such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or personality disorders (e.g., narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder).

Psychologists are often valued members of interdisciplinary teams, collaborating with primary care physicians, specialists, occupational therapists, social workers, speech and language pathologists, teachers, and other allied health professionals.

Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology

State licensure as a clinical psychologist requires completion of a doctoral degree in clinical psychology.  A few states have an option of completing additional supervision and oversight after earning a Master of Arts (MA) in Clinical Psychology degree in order to attain licensure at the master’s level, but for the most part a doctoral degree is required to practice psychology.

Licensure at the MA level most often requires additional training and supervision. This is called a “non-terminal” master’s degree, which means that the MA curriculum is not designed to meet any particular licensure requirements. Rather, the MA degree is an academic stepping stone to attaining licensure after the subsequent doctoral degree is earned.

Students typically apply to doctoral training programs that include a non-terminal MA degree – such as George Fox University’s PsyD program  – directly after earning their bachelor’s degree. Doctoral programs most often include earning an MA as part of the same program.

Financial Cost/Return on Investment

While the meaning and purpose found in a career as a clinical psychologist can be deeply satisfying, it’s also helpful for prospective students to consider salaries and costs of training. For both the PsyD and PhD, the year-long internship in the final year of training is funded, so students only take a minimal number of credits. Let’s consider the costs of the first five years (PhD) or four years (PsyD) of training.

Some PhD programs are tuition-based, but more traditional PhD programs offer grant-funded stipends  for the students working in a particular mentor’s research lab. With fewer courses and grant-funded research, funded positions in PhD programs often provide an affordable way to complete a doctorate in clinical psychology. This is important to the ongoing development of career academics and researchers whose salaries are often significantly lower than those in clinical practice, at least until later in their academic career.

While PsyD programs are tuition-based (costing upwards of $100,000 in the end), salaries in clinical practice are higher , making student loan repayment very affordable. A program’s financial aid office often has information on a program’s “default rate,” which is the percentage of students who are unable to successfully pay off their student loans – a number worth looking into prior to investing in a PsyD degree. In addition, there are federal programs like the National Health Service Corps that exchange loan repayment for graduates who work in underserved areas.

Closing Thoughts

The field of clinical psychology is a highly satisfying career, rich in meaning and purpose and providing a wide variety of career opportunities.

Once you decide to become a clinical psychologist, there are many factors to consider in determining whether a PhD or PsyD program would be the best fit. While there are many areas of overlap and both can be accredited by the APA, there are some general differences in the training models based on the training goals and curriculum design and structure.

Prospective students are encouraged to thoughtfully consider these training program attributes in determining the best fit for their graduate training aims.

Celeste Jones is the former program director for George Fox University’s PsyD program in Oregon.

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What's the Difference between a PhD and PsyD in Clinical Psychology

Congratulations! You've made the tough yet worthwhile decision to pursue a doctorate in clinical psychology. A doctorate in clinical psychology provides many potential career opportunities. You can receive training as a clinical psychologist, work in social work, sports psychology, educational psychology, mental health psychology and more. Now, what is the next step?

Before you dive into a doctoral program and clinical training, you'll need to clarify what type of doctoral degree in psychological clinical science you'd like to earn. In the field of Clinical Psychology, there are two distinctive doctoral-level degrees you can work towards: a PhD and a PsyD. What do these degrees mean and how do you choose which degree in psychology program is right for you? Find out more below...

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PhD in Clinical Psychology

The PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, degree, is traditionally a more common degree path in psychology. This type of doctorate in clinical psychology is founded in research, so the focus of your studies may be on developing research ideas and analyzing data. This training culminates in the completion of a doctoral dissertation project. Typical PhD program training takes between 5 and 7 years to complete. Depending on the school, these programs may be highly selective and only enroll a small number of students each year.

PsyD in Clinical Psychology

The PsyD, or Doctor of Psychology, degree, is an alternative doctoral degree that focuses on the clinical and applied aspects of psychology. Unlike a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in psychology, which often emphasizes research, the PsyD meaning focuses more on applied training and practical experience in the behavioral sciences. PsyD study revolves around preparing students for professional practice and clinical placement. The coursework and practicum is directed at applying established standards of practice and evidence-based services that will be applied in future clinical work. PsyD students may also complete a doctoral project or dissertation that focuses on an applied clinical problem. Typical PsyD program training takes between 4 and 5 years to complete. These PsyD degree programs generally accept a higher number of students than PhD programs.

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How to choose between phd and psyd.

Understanding the difference between a PsyD vs PhD can be confusing. Which clinical psychology program you choose depends on the direction you’d like to steer your studies and, ultimately, your career. Think about what sort of work you’d like to do beyond graduation: research-focused or clinically-focused. Take a look at what graduates of both, the PhD program and the PsyD program, are doing to see if their careers align with your own interests.

All things considered, PhD graduates may use their research-based degrees to conduct experimental studies, work in academic settings, and consult with schools or hospitals. PsyD graduates may use their clinical-based degrees to work directly with patients who need behavioral health analysis, clinical psychology, and mental health services. They provide therapy and may pursue a career in private practice. All students enrolled in Clinical Psychology programs at the California School of Professional Psychology (CSPP) at Alliant International University receive advanced training in psychology in a clinical setting to allow them to confidently function as clinicians and researchers. This is an important step to becoming a licensed psychologist. Most importantly, both the PhD and PsyD programs are accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA.)

Are you a doctoral candidate and conflicted about which Clinical Psychology degree is the best fit for you? Contact an Alliant admissions counselor by calling 1 (866) 825-5426 to learn more about our PsyD or PhD degree programs and the admission requirements.

Additionally, CSPP offers many master’s degree programs at our college campuses and online. Check out some testimonials from our graduate students of the programs and their experience below:

“I am so grateful to have been a part of the Fresno Clinical Psychology PhD Program at CSPP. The diverse faculty that I studied with throughout my tenure in graduate school made quite a lasting impression on me in terms of fostering my professional development and have helped shape me into the clinician and researcher that I am today.” Jennifer Lewey, Clinical Psychology, PhD

“The PsyD program at Alliant prepared me in two different ways. First, it socialized me into the profession of psychology. Second, it, and the Center for Integrative Psychology more specifically, taught me how to think in more powerful, inclusive, and effective ways.” Michael Lembaris, Clinical Psychology, PsyD

What to Expect in a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology Program

Program structure.

This doctoral program aims to expand clinical students' understanding in delivering psychological services. The internship involves hands-on practice for aspiring professionals. This type of program provides a valuable clinical experience to better equip graduates for their careers in psychological science, which sets them apart from clinical psychology PhD program students who do not have a similar opportunity. The clinical program integrates scientific evidence with practice in responding to human problems of developmental deprivation, dysfunction, psychological disorders, and trauma. Students can follow their own clinical interests and further their individual career goals by selecting an emphasis area and taking a specialized series of courses, and by pursuing research and field placements that are consistent with their interests and long-term career goals.

Proficiency in Clinical Practice and Educational Settings

Even though the PsyD program emphasizes practical training, it still trains students who aspire to pursue an academic career. Graduates from the Psychology Department can choose to become faculty members while maintaining a clinical practice. In other words, earning a PsyD in Clinical Psychology should not hinder you from entering the academic field. You have the flexibility to pursue careers in clinical practice, teaching, or even a combination of both

Is it possible to pursue a career in academia or education?

Yes, of course, but while it's possible to become a professor in a college or university with a PsyD, those with a PhD degree typically have a better leverage in getting into these academic positions. 

Is it harder for PsyD students to secure internship positions compared to PhD students?

Absolutely not. A lot of internship sites need students or candidates who can handle various clinical duties, and because you have acquired extensive expertise and clinical skill in psychological assessment and therapy in your program, you'll get an internship position easily. 

What is APA accreditation?

The American Psychological Association accredits doctoral programs in practice-oriented areas such as clinical, counseling psychology, and school psychology, as long as they meet the APA's standards and maintain them. Many employers and internship sites prefer or require psychologists who graduated from APA-approved programs. Therefore, when deciding which programs to apply to, it's crucial to check the APA accreditation status. Alliant offers psychology programs that are APA-accredited.

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• PsyD vs PhD – Differences Explained
• Types of Doctorates

A PsyD is a Doctor of Psychology, whilst a PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy. Both are doctoral degrees, but their focuses and goals differ. A PsyD focuses on the application of knowledge and aims to train students in clinical psychology. A PhD in psychology focuses on research and adding new knowledge, often leading to a career in research or academia, rather than clinical work.

Introduction

Many graduate students who possess a psychology degree look to improve their career outlook through postgraduate study. In particular, aspiring psychologists look to complete a doctoral degree. There are two popular choices for these psychology students, the PsyD and the PhD. Please note this article has been written for the perspective of a US audience.

What is a PsyD and a PhD?

There are two types of doctoral degrees in psychology: a PsyD and a PhD. Here is what they stand for:

• A PsyD is a Doctor of Psychology.
• A PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy.

Both doctoral degree programs prepare students for careers in psychology, but their goals and purposes differ.

A Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degree focuses on the practical and clinical applications of psychology. The PsyD program provides clinical training to doctoral students teaching you how to apply scientific knowledge of psychology and how to work with patients in a professional environment. A PhD in psychology places a greater emphasis on research methods and the theoretical concepts of the subject, requiring students to contribute novel findings to their area of research.

Is Someone With a PsyD a Doctor?

A PsyD is a doctoral degree, in the same way a PhD is, and those who possess one use the title of doctor in their name (e.g. Dr. Surname). To be clear however, PsyD holders are not medical doctors unless they also hold a medical degree, such as an MD in the US or MBBS in the UK.

Both doctorates are valuable to possess, but PsyDs have less international recognition and are more commonplace in the US.

Is a PsyD or PhD Better?

Neither degree is better than the other, but one may be more suitable for you, based on your career goals.

Generally, PsyD programs are suited to students who wish to pursue a career in providing psychological services in a clinical setting. In comparison, PhD programs are suited to those who wish to pursue a career path in research or academia.

This does not mean that those with a PsyD degree cannot pursue a career in research or academia, nor does it mean that those with a PhD cannot practice clinical psychology.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PsyD?

We are often asked “how many years is a PsyD?”. Although the duration of a PsyD varies depending on the institution, the typical program lasts 4 to 6 years. This usually includes a yearlong clinical internship toward the end of the program.

In comparison, a PhD in Psychology typically takes 6 to 8 years to complete.

A PsyD program is usually less expensive than a PhD psychology program. However, funding is more widely available for PhD programs, which means PsyD programs are often associated with higher levels of student debt.

What is the Difference Between a PsyD and PhD Program?

As mentioned previously, PsyD programs are designed to focus on the direct application of scientific knowledge. Coursework and topics of study include human behavior, providing clinical care to patients, assessment & diagnosis, therapy, and mental health conditions. This may involve a clinical training program and trainees undertaking clinical placements.

PhD programs focus on the theory behind psychology. Topics of study include analyzing data, statistical models, and research methodology.

There is some overlap between the two doctoral programs. PsyD students may still study data analyzation, and PhD students will still learn about the clinical practice of psychology and may gain clinical experience to aid their professional development.

Though the application process may be similar, PhD programs in psychology tend to be more competitive and have lower acceptance rates than PsyD programs

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

Does a PsyD Require a Dissertation?

Some PsyD programs require students to complete a written dissertation or thesis . Those that do will require the dissertation or thesis to address an applied clinical problem.

Most PsyD programs do not require submission of a dissertation or thesis. Instead, a PsyD student is required to complete an internship (also referred to as a practicum) and carry out clinical work at the end of their doctorate degree program. These internships are typically a year long and assess your clinical skills in a professional practice on actual patients.

What Jobs Can You Get With a PsyD?

The PsyD program follows the ‘practitioner-scholar’ model, engaging in practice-oriented study. This allows those with a doctor of psychology degree to pursue a wide range of career options, including:

• Clinical Psychologist,
• Counselling psychologist,
• Mental health counselor,
• School psychologist,
• Psychotherapist,
• Consultant,
• Licensed psychologist.

It should be noted that PsyD holders can operate in a broad range of professional environments and clinical settings such as hospitals, correctional facilities, private practices, mental health clinics, social work and schools.

In comparison, the PhD program follows the ‘scientist-practitioner’ model which prepares the doctoral student for a career in research & academia. Typical destinations for a PhD student include:

• Higher Education (university professor/lecturer),
• Licensed Psychologist,
• Researcher.

The career opportunities with a doctoral degree in psychology are also dependent on the specific research area of the doctoral program. Research areas can include forensic psychology, health psychology, counselling psychology, social psychology, social science, applied psychology, educational psychology, psychological assessment, social care, cognitive behavioral psychology and psychological therapies.

Whichever method you choose to attain your doctorate in psychology, know that you will have invaluable skills and experience that make you a valuable asset in a number of industries not just within clinical psychology.

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PsyD vs PhD: Which Degree is Best for Your Career Goals?

From therapy to research to facility management, a lot is covered by the PsyD and PhD degrees in clinical psychology. But which is right for you?

Explore application requirements for Pacific's PsyD and PhD programs in clinical psychology and get your materials ready for the opening of the admissions window this fall. 

The Doctor of Psychology degree — sometimes called a doctorate in clinical psychology — is an entry point to a wide array of careers geared toward helping people through teaching, research, and clinical practice.

Split into two distinct doctoral degrees — the treatment-focused PsyD and the research-focused PhD — graduates with a doctor of psychology degree enter the workforce with an expertise in the study of human behavior.

They may sound similar, but the PsyD and PhD degrees are very different clinical psychology pathways.

While both programs enable graduates to treat people directly, their inherent specializations make them quite unique.

So which is right for you? Here's your guide to choosing between the two.

PSYD REQUIREMENTS

PHD REQUIREMENTS

PsyD vs PhD: What’s the Difference?

Since both the PsyD and PhD enable graduates to help people in a clinical treatment setting, it can be confusing to distinguish between the two degrees.

What is a PsyD in clinical psychology? For students who want to work directly with those experiencing mental health disorders, a PsyD degree is ideal.

Generally divided into several different specialties — the most common being child , adult , and neuropsychology — PsyD graduates enter the workforce able to diagnose and treat complex neurological conditions.

Across the country, and in Oregon specifically, there is a shortage of qualified mental healthcare providers, as well as a lack of diversity in the profession. To help address this gap, Pacific University has received a $1.8 million grant from the Oregon Health Authority to help increase capacity and diversity in the state’s mental health workforce. The two-year grant, which provides tuition assistance and stipends to Pacific PsyD and MSW students, is part of $80 million allocated to the OHA by the Oregon legislature as part of the Behavioral Health Workforce Initiative .

Pacific also features a unique path that specifically examines Latinx psychology , one of only a handful nationally.

What is a PhD in clinical psychology? The PhD is designed for students who want to improve the lives of others through scientific innovation.

A PhD in clinical psychology is perfect for those who want to study and examine topics in neuroscience such as mindfulness , addiction , and emotion management using scientific research and testing.    

Is an MA in psychology enough to do what I want?

Generally speaking, the Master’s in Applied Clinical Psychology is NOT seen as the terminal degree for those wanting to study and treat human behavior. 

While an MA in psychology can prepare graduates for careers in social work, counseling, or research, the PsyD or PhD programs are recommended for those who want to study and treat more complex neurological disorders and mental health issues. 

Are Clinical Psychologists Medical Doctors?

Neither PsyD or PhD graduates can practice medicine, as neither degree necessitates attending medical school or completing a medical residency.

Those wishing to become medical doctors with a focus on mental health should instead pursue the much longer doctoral path that results in a career in psychiatry.

How Long is Clinical Psychology School?

Both the PsyD and PhD programs take five years to complete, though students with certain advanced degrees — such an MA or MS in psychology — can finish in four.

Many programs will run year-round, meaning classes in the summer in addition to the normal course load.

Both programs are split between four years of coursework, research, and job training as well as a final entire year spent off campus in a doctoral internship . 

The PsyD and PhD programs in clinical psychology place a heavy emphasis on replicating real-world experiences that prepare students for careers after graduation.

Where can Clinical Psychologists Work?

The unique set of skills taught in PsyD and PhD programs means that graduates can begin a wide range of careers at a high rate of pay.

PsyD recipients can work in:

Recovery centers. Substance abuse and other destructive behaviors are often treated with either group or individualized therapy from trained clinical psychologists.

Mental health facilities. Talk therapy is an essential part of living with mental illness, and PsyD graduates find rewarding work in these settings helping people lead more fulfilling lives. 

Private practice. Focusing on one-on-one, couples, and family counseling, private practice is a good choice for those who want an intimate connection with the people they treat.

Pacific’s Healthcare Management MBA can prepare prospective private clinicians for running their own business. 

Schools. For those with an emphasis on child psychology and development, working in an educational setting is a good way to greatly impact the lives of young people through individual attention. 

PhD graduates can work in:

Research universities. Either as instructors, researchers, or postdoctoral fellows, a great deal of the research done in this country comes at the university level from PhD graduates in clinical psychology.

Private business. Due to the broad nature of human behavior and psychology, many corporations employ psychologists to help analyze and improve the lives of its consumers and employees .

Government. Whether working for the military, organizations overseeing public health, or in a federal health facility, governmental jobs offer a high degree of flexibility in how you use your degree.

Criminal Justice. PhD graduates are vital in the fields of forensic psychology and criminal profiling. 

How much does a Clinical Psychologist Make?

Although there are different job outcomes for PsyD vs PhD, the salary for a clinical psychologist does not vary significantly by degree.

Connect with an expert PsyD or PhD admissions counselor today and start your journey towards a career in clinical psychology. 

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12 Types of Psychology: From Biopsychology to Sports Psychology

Author: University of North Dakota August 1, 2024

In one way or another, everyone deals with psychological or mental health issues at some point in their lives.

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For some, these challenges manifest as severe disorders that require continuous management and support. For others, mental health concerns might be more periodic, arising due to stress or other external factors. 

In response to this intricate landscape of the mind, various psychology branches have emerged, each tailored to address specific aspects of mental health. So, read on as we explore different types of psychology and how they contribute to understanding and improving mental health.

Types of Psychology 

From students navigating their educational journey to athletes striving for peak performance and from individuals in forensic cases to everyday life challenges, psychology is used everywhere. Below, we will explore 12 types of psychology, each offering specialized insights and solutions for various aspects of human behavior and mental health.

Biopsychology 

Biopsychology examines the complex interactions between the brain, neurotransmitters, and behavior, emphasizing how biological processes shape thoughts and actions. Experts in this field investigate the impacts of brain injuries, neurological disorders, and the biological foundations of mental illnesses.

To become a biopsychologist, a doctoral degree in biological psychology is typically required, with programs expecting a solid academic or practical background in psychology or a related discipline.

Clinical Psychology 

Clinical psychology is dedicated to the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health disorders. Such psychologists use various therapeutic techniques to help individuals manage and overcome psychological challenges. They commonly treat conditions such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, eating disorders, substance abuse, and severe mental illnesses.

Clinical psychologists often work in hospitals, mental health clinics, private practices, or academic settings, providing psychotherapy, conducting psychological assessments, and developing treatment plans. One must obtain a Psy.D. or Ph.D. in clinical psychology to practice in this field. Additionally, these psychologists must undergo supervised training and obtain licensure to practice professionally.

Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is dedicated to understanding mental processes and how they affect the way we think. Cognitive psychologists explore various cognitive functions, including perception, motivation, emotion, language, learning, memory, attention, decision-making, and problem-solving. Their work often involves conducting experiments and researching how these processes operate and interact.

While some entry-level opportunities are available to those with only a bachelor's degree, most careers in cognitive psychology begin with a master's or doctoral degree. Professionals in this field typically work in academic and research institutions, where they develop cognitive therapies and interventions. They also consult in various domains, such as education, technology, and human-computer interaction, applying their knowledge to improve educational practices, enhance technological interfaces, and better understand human behavior.

Counseling Psychology 

Counseling psychology is a type of psychology that emphasizes assisting individuals in managing life stressors, enhancing their well-being, and achieving personal and professional goals. Counseling psychologists aim to support their clients through various therapeutic techniques and interventions tailored to individual needs. They work in diverse settings such as schools, private practices, community health centers, and businesses.

To practice counseling psychology, a Ph.D. in counseling psychology is generally required. However, in most states, independent practice also necessitates a state license. This licensing process ensures that counseling psychologists meet the necessary professional standards and are qualified to provide psychological services independently.

Developmental Psychology 

This type of psychology studies the psychological growth and changes throughout a person's life, from infancy to old age. It examines how people develop physically, cognitively, socially, and emotionally over time.

Developmental psychologists are focused on comprehending the reasons and processes behind people's growth and change at various stages of life. They examine different life stages to ascertain how various factors impact development. To pursue this career, one typically needs a doctoral degree, as advanced research and clinical roles demand a high level of expertise.

Educational Psychology 

Educational psychology is dedicated to understanding how people learn and retain knowledge, applying psychological principles to enhance educational processes and outcomes. Psychologists in this area investigate a variety of learning challenges, such as learning disabilities and ADHD, as well as other factors that impact learning and academic performance.

Most educational psychology jobs require at least a master's degree, but a doctoral degree is necessary to practice as a psychologist in most states. This advanced training ensures that educational psychologists are well-equipped to conduct high-level research, design comprehensive educational programs, and provide specialized support to students and educators.

Experimental Psychology 

Experimental psychology employs scientific methods to investigate human behavior and mental processes, often through meticulously controlled experiments. This field is foundational to understanding the mechanisms underlying cognition, emotion, perception, and other psychological phenomena. 

Experimental psychologists often work in academic and research institutions, teaching courses, mentoring students, and leading research projects. They also publish their findings in scientific journals, contributing to the broader knowledge base of psychology and influencing future research directions. The education requirement for many positions in this type of psychology is a doctorate degree in general or experimental psychology or a Ph.D. in General/Experimental psychology program that combines the two.

Forensic Psychology 

Forensic psychology involves the application of psychological principles to legal issues, encompassing areas such as criminal behavior, court proceedings, and law enforcement. This interdisciplinary field bridges the gap between psychology and the justice system, providing crucial insights and expertise in legal contexts.

To become a forensic psychologist, one must follow a rigorous educational and training pathway. It begins with earning a bachelor's degree, typically in psychology or a related field, followed by obtaining a master's degree in forensic psychology and then a doctoral degree, which provides advanced training and research opportunities. Additionally, aspiring forensic psychologists must complete supervised work experience under a licensed psychologist before obtaining their own license to practice independently.

For those who aspire to excel in the field, a forensic psychology certificate is a significant boost to credibility and expertise. It helps you sharpen your communication and analytical skills, providing practical insights into legal processes and their interface with psychology.

Industrial-Organizational Psychology 

Industrial-organizational psychology (I/O psychology) focuses on the scientific study of human behavior in workplaces and organizations. It applies psychological principles to solve problems related to individual, group, and organizational behavior. I/O psychologists work on issues such as recruitment, training, performance measurement, motivation, and organizational development, using their expertise to enhance the quality of work life and improve overall organizational effectiveness.

Becoming an industrial-organizational psychologist typically begins with earning a bachelor's degree, often in psychology or a business-related field. This is followed by obtaining a master's degree in industrial-organizational psychology and gaining practical experience through internships or practicums. For those aiming for psychologist licensure or academic roles, a doctoral degree is necessary, along with meeting the supervised experience requirements, which vary by state. 

Personality Psychology 

Personality psychology examines personality and individual differences in behavior, emotion, and thought patterns, emphasizing the development and influence of personality traits. This field aims to understand what makes each person unique and how various factors, including genetics, upbringing, and social experiences, shape an individual's personality over time.

To become a personality psychologist, one must first earn a bachelor's degree in psychology, followed by a master's degree in the same field. After completing these educational requirements, aspiring personality psychologists must obtain their state license to practice. Additionally, securing professional certifications in psychology can enhance credibility and demonstrate specialized expertise.

Social Psychology

Social psychology refers to the scientific study of how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are affected by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. It examines various aspects of social interaction and perception, including personality, interpersonal relationships, group behavior, conformity, aggression, and prejudice. Social psychology seeks to understand how social environments impact individual behavior, emphasizing the influential role of social perception and interaction. For instance, people often behave differently in public settings compared to how they act alone, highlighting the influence of social contexts on behavior.

To join this field, you must begin by earning a bachelor's degree in psychology, social psychology, or a related field. While some may pursue a master's degree, most aspiring social psychologists aim for a doctoral degree in social psychology. In addition to formal education, you may also need to obtain licensing or credentialing in some cases, as requirements vary by state but typically involve additional supervised work experience and a licensing exam.

Sport Psychology

Sports psychology is dedicated to understanding and optimizing the psychological factors influencing athletic performance and physical activity. By focusing on mental aspects such as motivation, performance anxiety, and mental resilience, these psychologists help athletes enhance their performance and overall well-being.

Most sports psychology positions require a master's or doctoral degree in clinical, counseling, or sport psychology. Additionally, coursework in kinesiology, physiology, sports medicine, business, and marketing is often necessary, and the licensing requirements vary by state.

Which Type of Psychology Should I Choose?

Regardless of your specific interests in psychology, it's important to understand that you don't need to choose a specialization right away. All psychology specializations begin with a broad education in the field, which is provided by the BA or BS degree in Psychology at UND. This foundational education ensures that you gain a thorough understanding of psychological principles, research methods, and critical thinking skills. 

By the time you need to choose a specialization, you'll have a well-rounded knowledge base and practical experience to make an informed decision. This approach not only broadens your understanding of psychology but also helps you discover your true passion and align your career goals with your interests.

It's truly incredible that there are so many different types of psychology, each designed to address the unique and diverse aspects of human behavior and mental health. However, there's no need to rush into a decision; your journey through the undergraduate program at UND will naturally guide you toward the specialization that best fits your skills and aspirations.

Which type of psychology is best suited for helping individuals with mental health issues? ( Open this section)

Clinical psychology is among the best suited for helping individuals with mental health issues, as it focuses on diagnosing, assessing, and treating psychological disorders.

Can a psychologist switch from one specialty to another? ( Open this section)

Yes, a psychologist can switch from one specialty to another, but this often requires additional education, training, and certification in the new area of expertise.

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Psychologist vs Therapist: Understanding the Differences

August 8th, 2024

Mental health is an essential aspect of overall well-being, and finding the right professional to address your needs can be challenging. Two common professions in mental health care are psychologists and therapists.

While they often overlap in the services they provide, understanding their differences can help you choose the right support. The term "therapist" is a broad category or umbrella term that includes all professionals who provide psychotherapy ( talk therapy ). This means that all psychologists can be called therapists; however, not all therapists are psychologists.

Today we’ll explore the roles, training, and therapeutic approaches of psychologists vs therapists, and guide you on when to see each. Let’s get started!

What is a Therapist?

A therapist is a broad term encompassing various professionals trained to provide mental health services. This includes licensed professional clinical counselors (LCPCs), marriage and family therapists (AMFTs), and clinical social workers (LCSWs).

The American Association of Psychology defines a therapist as “someone who has been trained in and practices one or more types of therapy to treat mental or physical disorders or diseases. In the context of mental health, the term is often used synonymously with psychotherapist.”

Therapists help individuals, couples, and families manage and overcome mental health issues, relationship problems, and life challenges. They use talk therapy to address a wide range of issues, including anxiety , depression , trauma , and more.

Therapists for kids , in particular, specialize in working with children and adolescents to address developmental, emotional, and behavioral issues.

What is a Psychologist?

A psychologist is a professional with advanced training in psychology, the scientific study of the mind and behavior. The American Association of Psychology defines a psychologist as “someone who is professionally trained in one or more branches or subfields of psychology.”

Clinical psychologists, a specific type of psychologist, are trained to diagnose and treat mental health disorders.

They hold a doctoral degree (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) and are equipped to provide therapy, conduct psychological assessments , and perform research. Clinical psychologists use evidence-based treatments to address complex mental health issues and often work in hospitals, private practices, or academic settings.

Psychologists vs Therapists: Training & Educational Background

These educational and training timelines may vary slightly based on individual paths, specific programs, and state licensing requirements for both therapists and psychologists.

• Therapists : The educational background of therapists varies depending on their specific profession. Therapists hold a master’s degree in their field (e.g., counseling, marriage and family therapy, social work) and must complete supervised clinical hours before obtaining licensure. Continuing education is also required to maintain their license. Overall, it typically takes about 7-9 years of education and training to become a licensed clinical therapist.
• Psychologists: Psychologists undergo extensive training, typically earning a doctoral degree in psychology. This involves several years of graduate study, including coursework, research, and clinical training. They must also complete a supervised internship and pass a licensing exam to practice. Clinical psychologists may further specialize in areas such as neuropsychology, child psychology, or forensic psychology. In total, it can take about 10-14 years of education and training to become a licensed psychologist.

Roles and Responsibilities of Psychologists vs Therapists

Here is the general rundown on the roles and responsibilities of psychologists and therapists. However, these roles can vary depending on what type of therapists and psychologists we are talking about. For instance, a clinical psychologist will have different roles than a school psychologist, and the same can be true for therapists.

• Therapists: Therapists can hold various career roles, including school counselors, family therapists, and mental health counselors. They work in diverse settings such as schools, private practices, community agencies, and healthcare facilities. Their primary responsibility is to provide therapeutic interventions to help clients manage mental health issues and improve their well-being.
• Psychologists: Psychologists can work as researchers, professors, clinical psychologists, school psychologists, organizational psychologists, developmental psychologists, forensic psychologists, neuropsychologists, counseling psychologists, and more. They often provide therapy, conduct psychological assessments, and contribute to academic research. Clinical psychologists may work in hospitals, private practices, or academic institutions, where they diagnose and treat mental health disorders, develop treatment plans, and conduct research to advance the field of psychology.

Therapeutic Approaches Used by Psychologists vs Therapists

• Therapists: Therapists use a variety of therapeutic approaches based on their training and the needs of their clients. Common approaches include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), family systems therapy, and play therapy for children. They focus on providing supportive and practical interventions to help clients cope with and overcome their challenges.
• Psychologists: Psychologists often use evidence-based treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, and humanistic therapy. They may also utilize specialized techniques like neuropsychological assessments and behavioral interventions. Their approach is typically informed by scientific research and tailored to the specific needs of their clients.

When to See a Psychologist?

You might consider seeing a psychologist if you need:

• A formal diagnosis of a mental health disorder.
• Treatment for complex or severe mental health issues, such as major depressive disorder , bipolar disorder , or schizophrenia .
• Psychological assessments, including IQ tests, personality tests, and neuropsychological evaluations.
• Evidence-based treatments for specific conditions, like OCD or PTSD .

When to See a Therapist?

You might consider seeing a therapist if you need:

• Support for emotional and mental health issues, such as anxiety , depression , or stress .
• Help with relationship problems, family dynamics, or parenting challenges.
• Guidance on managing life transitions, grief, or trauma.
• Evidence-based treatments for specific conditions, like OCD or PTSD.
• Therapeutic interventions for children or adolescents experiencing behavioral or emotional difficulties.

Should I go to a Psychologist or a Therapist?

Deciding whether to see a psychologist or a therapist depends on your specific needs. If you require a formal diagnosis, psychological testing, or treatment for severe mental health disorders, a psychologist may be the best choice. On the other hand, if you are dealing with general emotional issues, relationship problems, or need support for everyday mental health challenges, a therapist might be more appropriate.

Regardless of your choice, both psychologists and mental health therapists are trained professionals dedicated to improving your mental health. Consider your specific needs, preferences, and the expertise of the professional when making your decision. If you’re still unsure, consulting with your primary care provider or a mental health professional can help guide you to the right support.

Finding the right mental health professional is crucial for your well-being. Whether you search for a psychologist near you or a therapist near you, taking the first step towards seeking help is a positive move towards better mental health.

Discover Therapists & Psychologists Near you!

Whether you prefer the convenience of online therapy or the personal touch of in-person sessions, our team of dedicated therapists and psychologists is here to help. With multiple mental health clinic locations throughout Chicago ( Loop , River North , Belmont , Broadway , Arlington Heights , and Evanston ) and comprehensive online therapy services, accessing the care you need has never been easier.

Visit our website or contact us to schedule an appointment with a licensed therapist or psychologist. Our psychologists and therapists take insurance to ensure you get the expert care you need at an affordable price. We take Aetna , Blue Cross Blue Shield , United Health Care , Cigna , and self-pay options.

Book your appointment for an affordable therapy session today! Our compassionate and experienced mental health care professionals at Clarity Clinic are ready to support you in achieving clarity and balance in your life.

Related Readings:

• Psychiatrist vs Psychologist: Which is Right for You?
• Therapy vs. Psychiatry: How Are They Different and How Are They the Same?
• 7 Tips to Find the Right Therapist for You

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PhD in School Psychology

Using data-driven solutions to enhance equality across the education system.

With a PhD in School Psychology, you will work directly with PK-12 students, while also publishing change-making research, that will help improve equity and inclusion in schools.

See important statements and positions from the School Psychology faculty

Our commitment to you

Upon graduation with a PhD in school psychology from Loyola, you will possess the following knowledge, skills, and professional values necessary to commence work as both a practicing school psychologist and researcher.

You will become a scientist-practitioner who understands and can implement evidence-based assessment, intervention, and consultation practice from a social justice perspective. Plus, you'll understand the history of school psychology, the impact of historical discrimination and inequity on educational and psychological functioning, and  individual differences and social/cultural influences on development and adjustment.

You'll conduct evidence-based direct counseling and mental health interventions, as well as indirect consultative interventions in applied settings. You will also be trained to carry out comprehensive psychoeducational assessments to support decision-making regarding special education eligibility and development of individual education plans (IEPs). On the research side, you'll critically evaluate research (i.e., designs, data analysis, and data interpretation) from a methodological, as well as ethical and social justice, perspective. Using research methodological skills and statistical expertise, you'll complete original dissertation research, present at psychological and educational conferences, and prepare manuscripts for publication.

Professional Values

Our graduates represent the scientist-practitioner ideal of a person who not only applies psychological knowledge within the context of their professional practice, but also a person who can generate new, applications-oriented knowledge through their research and scholarly activities and the application of such in the service of others through a social justice framework.

Program Faculty

Our dedicated  School Psychology Faculty  are experts in the field of School Psychology. They conduct research on topics such as equity in school mental health, discipline policy, early childhood development, family collaboration, school consultation, student identity development, and other scholarship that advances social justice in education. PhD students work on faculty research teams trhoughout their training. Additionally, faculty advisors support students throughout each stage of the program.

Accreditation

Loyola's PhD in School Psychology has been accredited by the  American Psychologist Association (APA)  and approved by the  National Association of School Psychologists (NASP).

APA Student Admissions Outcomes Reporting Measures

APA Student Admissions, Outcomes and Other Data (2023)

Program Features

All students begin in the first year with an introductory professional orientation course, beginning research courses, pre-requisite courses that lead to a second-year school-based practicum, and engagement with the community through the completion of a school-based, pre-practicum experience.

In the second year of the program, students complete two semesters of a structured school-based practicum, in which they spend two days a week in a school setting and complete structured activities tied to the practicum, while also taking additional courses in research methods/statistics, counseling, consultation, and assessment.

In the third year of the program, students complete an advanced practicum, more advanced research courses, and work on their dissertation proposals.

In the fourth year of the program, students apply for a calendar-year-long doctoral internship through the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC), an APA-accredited doctoral internship match system for doctoral students in Health Service Psychology programs.

In the fifth year, students are required to complete a calendar-year internship under the direction of a licensed psychologist and certified school psychologist.

Transfer Credit

Students with a master’s degree may be able to transfer up to 36 credit hours into the PhD program. However, a minimum of 63 credit hours and a minimum of 2 years of coursework must be completed at Loyola University Chicago.

Program Length

This is a full-time program. Students complete the course work for the program in four years, including summers. Time for degree completion, including the dissertation, is five years.

Continuous Enrollments Doctoral students in School Psychology are required to maintain continuous enrollment during their program of studies. A formal leave of absence may be granted upon request and with the approval of the Graduate School’s Associate Dean.

Admission Requirements

Interested in applying? Check out the  PhD i n School Psychology application requirements .

• For  application  related questions,  contact Graduate Enrollment Management . 
• For  program structure and academics  related questions, contact:  Ashley Mayworm , Program Chair

Tuition, Financial Aid and Scholarships

The School of Education and Loyola's Financial Aid Office are committed to helping students secure the necessary financial resources to make their education at Loyola affordable. You can learn more on the  Financial Assistance  page.

What is the difference between a PhD and EdS in School Psychology?

The EdS degree will allow you to be credentialed in Illinois as a licensed school psychologist through the State Board of Education and also prepares you to become a Nationally Certified School Psychologist (NCSP). This credential allows you to practice as a school psychologist in the public schools. The PhD program also prepares students to become credentialed school psychologists, but additionally provides research and clinical training that allows for careers in research and University-level teaching.

Does the School Psychology PhD program prepare me for licensure?

In Illinois, the PhD degree qualifies you to become licensed as a school psychologist by the Illinois State Board of Education, which is required to work in the schools. Graduates of the PhD program are also eligible to pursue clinical licensure (as a clinical psychologist) through the Illinois Department of Professional Regulations (IDPR). In Illinois, graduates of our School Psychology PhD program meet the educational requirements to pursue their clinical psychology license, but must meet IDPR requirements for internship, postdoctoral training, and exams; each case is reviewed by IDPR. Outside of Illinois, each state has its own credentialing requirements and individuals need to check with the state in which they want to practice school psychology for the particular state's credentialing requirements.

Do I need to take any licensure examinations?

All candidates must successfully pass the Illinois State School Psychology Content Examination prior to beginning internship. All candidates must also pass the PRAXIS School Psychology Examination to obtain NCSP status (National Certified School Psychologists). For doctoral graduates pursuing their clinical license in Illinois, they must also meet IDPR exam requirements (e.g., passing the EPPP).

How do I apply for state licensure?

Visit the  Placement and Licensure page  for details. 

I have taken graduate courses at another university. Will any of these courses transfer to Loyola's School Psychology program?

Because of the rapid changes in the field of education and school psychology, courses will only be transferred to Loyola if they have been taken during the five years prior to your admittance to the school psychology program. If you do not have a master's degree, then six semester hours may be transferred. If you have a master's degree, up to 36 semester hours may be transferred into the PhD program at Loyola.

How long does it take to complete the PhD in School Psychology?

Full-time students can complete the coursework and field placements in a minimum of four years by taking courses during the summer. A full-time 12-month internship must be completed during the last year of study. All coursework and the dissertation proposal must be completed prior to beginning an internship. Completion of coursework and dissertation typically takes five years.

Can I complete the PhD in School Psychology degree by taking courses part time?

The program is full-time only and requires attendance during the summer.

Is there a residency requirement?

As full-time students, all PhD students automatically satisfy the residency requirements.

1 hr 29 min

296- How to Not Raise Narcissists: Entitlement vs. Self Worth with Dr. Mary Ann Little, PhD Voices of Your Village

Welcome back to Voices of Your Village, and today I got to hang out with Dr. Mary Ann Little. She's a PhD and is a clinical psychologist who's been in private practice for over four decades. We got to dive into a juicy topic talking about childhood narcissism. Her latest book is Childhood Narcissism: Strategies to Raise Unselfish, Unentitled and Empathetic Children. She is currently an adjunct professor at the University of Texas Southwestern medical center at Dallas, and has served as an adjunct professor in the departments of psychology and special education at the University of Texas at Dallas. It was a fun conversation. I feel like the word narcissism is such a triggering one. And I was excited to dive in with her on what does this really look like? What does it even mean? And what can we as parents be doing to support children so that we aren't looking at narcissistic adults down the road? How do we help them see outside themselves? In the second half, Rach and I dive into our fears around narcissism, how it relates to the need for external validation, and how our need for validation of our enough-ness shows up in real life. (Hint- we're still working on it) If this podcast has been helpful for you, please take a minute to rate and review. This helps us reach more folks who are looking for tools to raise emotionally intelligent humans. I'm so deeply grateful to get to do this work alongside you and to bring free resources like this podcast to you. Thank you so much for sharing. You're the bomb. Couldn't do this without you and wouldn't want to. All right, folks, let's dive in.  Connect with Dr. Little: Website: https://www.drmaryannlittle.com Order the book: Childhood Narcissism: Strategies to Raise Unselfish, Unentitled, and Empathetic Children Connect with us: Instagram: @seed.and.sew  Podcast page: Voices of Your Village Seed and Sew's Regulation Quiz: Take the Quiz Order Tiny Humans, Big Emotions now!  Website: seedandsew.org Music by: Ruby Adams and Bensound Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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