biography of apj abdul kalam in short

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was an Indian scientist and politician who served his country as president from 2002 to 2007.

(1931–2015)

Who Was A.P.J. Abdul Kalam?

Quick facts, early years, rise to the presidency, death and legacy.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was an aerospace scientist who joined India's defense department after graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology. He was a central figure in the development of the country's nuclear capabilities and was hailed as a national hero after a series of successful tests in 1998. Kalam served as India's president for one term from 2002 to 2007, and died of a heart attack on July 27, 2015.

FULL NAME: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam BORN: October 15, 1931 DIED: July 27, 2015 BIRTHPLACE: Dhanushkodi, Rameswaram, India SCHOOLS: Madras Institute of Technology, St. Joseph's College ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Leo

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born into a Muslim family on October 15, 1931, on the island of Dhanushkodi off the southeastern coast of India. He developed an early fascination with flight by watching birds, which developed into an interest in aeronautics after he saw a newspaper article about a British fighter plane.

Despite his modest beginnings – his dad built and rented boats – Kalam was a bright student who showed promise in science and mathematics. He attended St. Joseph's College and went on to earn a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology.

His hopes of becoming a fighter pilot were dashed when he narrowly missed out on a spot with the Indian Air Force. Kalam instead joined the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) as a senior scientific assistant in 1958. After moving to the newly formed Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969, he was named project director of the SLV-III, the first satellite launch vehicle designed and produced on Indian soil.

Returning to the DRDO as director in 1982, Kalam implemented the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. He then became the senior scientific adviser to India's defense minister in 1992, a position he used to campaign for the development of nuclear tests.

Kalam was a key figure in the May 1998 Pokhran-II tests, in which five nuclear devices were detonated in the Rajasthan Desert. Although the tests resulted in condemnation and economic sanctions from other world powers, Kalam was hailed as a national hero for his staunch defense of the country’s security.

In 2002, India's ruling National Democratic Alliance helped Kalam win an election against Lakshmi Sahgal and become India's 11th president, a largely ceremonial post. Known as the People's President, Kalam set a goal of conducting 500,000 one-on-one meetings with young people over the course of his five-year term. His immense popularity led to him being nominated by MTV for a Youth Icon of the Year award in 2003 and 2006.

After leaving office in 2007, Kalam became a visiting professor at several universities. He formed the "What Can I Give Movement" in 2011 with the goal of creating a compassionate society, and in 2012, his efforts to improve healthcare led to the release of a tablet for medical personnel to use in remote areas.

On July 27, 2015, Kalam suffered a massive heart attack while lecturing at the Indian Institute of Management and subsequently died at the age of 83.

Kalam was laid to rest on July 30 with full state honors in his native Tamil Nadu. In honor of the scientist and former president, the southeast Indian state government of Tamil Nadu created a "Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award," which recognizes exceptional individuals who promote the sciences, students and humanities. The government has also established Kalam's birthday (October 15) as "Youth Renaissance Day." Discussion about building a large-scale memorial at his burial site is underway.

Among his many accolades, including honorary doctorates from 40 universities, he was granted the Padma Bhushan (1981), the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharat Ratna (1997) — India's highest civilian awards — for his contributions in modernizing government defense technology. He also wrote several books, including the autobiography Wings of Fire in 1999.

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A.P.J. Abdul Kalam summary

Learn about the life of a.p.j. abdul kalam, india’s first president.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam , (born Oct. 15, 1931, Rameswaram, India—died July 27, 2015, Shillong), Indian president (2002–07). After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology, Kalam played a leading role in the development of India’s missile and nuclear weapons programs. He planned a program that produced a number of successful missiles, helping earn him the nickname “Missile Man.” Beginning in the early 1990s, he also served as scientific adviser to the government, and his prominent role in India’s 1998 nuclear weapons tests established Kalam as a national hero. In 2002 the Hindu nationalist (Hindutva) National Democratic Alliance nominated Kalam, a Muslim, to succeed outgoing President K.R. Narayanan. Kalam easily won the elections in 2002, and in the largely ceremonial post he sought to use science and technology to transform India into a developed country. In 2007 he was succeeded by Pratibha Patil, the country’s first woman president.

Cultural India

A. p. j. abdul kalam.

11 th President of India (July 25, 2002 – July 25, 2007)

Date of Birth : October 15, 1931

Place of Birth : Rameswaram, Ramnad District, Madras Presidency, British India

Parents : Jainulabdeen (Father) and Ashiamma (Mother)

Spouse : Remained Unmarried

Education : St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli; Madras Institute of Technology

Profession: Professor, Author, Scientist

Died : July 27, 2015

Place of Death: Shillong, Meghalaya, India

Awards : Bharat Ratna (1997), Padma Vibhushan (1990), Padma Bhushan (1981)

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, better known as APJ Abdul Kalam, was an illustrious scientist turned statesman who served as the 11 th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam spent more than forty years as a science administrator and scientist mainly at the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and Defence Research and the Development Organization (DRDO). He was closely associated with the military missile development efforts and civilian space programme of India. For his work on launch vehicle technology and development of ballistic missile, he was given the pseudonym of ‘The Missile Man of India.’ In 1998, he played a prominent role in Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests.

In 2002, he was elected the 11 th President of the country and became widely known as the ‘People’s President.’ After serving his presidential term he pursued what he loved most – teaching, writing and reading. For his achievements and contributions as a scientist, he was honoured with the ‘Bharat Ratan Award,’ India’s highest civilian honour.

He left for the heavenly abode on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong. He was laid to rest with full state-honours and his funeral was attended by thousands of people including national-level dignitaries.

Photo Credit : https://www.thetalentedindian.com/dr-a-p-j-abdul-kalam-earth-received-an-honored-guest-but-a-visionary-is-laid-to-rest/

APJ Abdul Kalam was born into a poor Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, on October 15, 1931. His mother, Ashiamma, was a housewife and his father, Jainulabdeen, was an imam of a local mosque and a boat owner. He was the youngest in the family with four elder brothers and a sister.

Though, the family was not financially affluent yet all the children were raised in an atmosphere that was full of love and compassion. In order to add to the family’s income, Kalam had to sell newspapers during his early years.

He was an average student during his school, but possessed a strong desire to learn and was very hard working. He loved mathematics and spent hours studying the subject. He pursued his education from ‘Schwartz Higher Secondary School,’ and then graduated from ‘Saint Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli,’ in 1954. He wanted to become a fighter pilot but his dream could not be fulfilled as here were only eight positions available in the IAF and he secured the ninth place.

As A Scientist

In 1960, he graduated from the ‘Madras Institute of Technology,’ and joined as a scientist at the ‘Aeronautical Development Establishment,’ after becoming a member of the ‘Defence Research and Development Service.’ Kalam also worked under the eminent space scientist Vikram Sarabhai while he was a part of ‘INCOSPAR’ committee. Kalam was transferred to the ‘Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)’ in 1969. He became the project head of the country’s foremost Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III). In July 1980, SLV-III deployed the ‘Rohini’ satellite successfully near-earth orbit under Kalam’s leadership.

Kalam was a part of a number of projects, including ‘Project Devil,’ in 1970. Though the project was not successful, yet it laid the foundation for the development of the ‘Prithvi Missile,’ in 1980. He was also associated with ‘Project Valiant.’

In 1983, Kalam returned to DRDO as its chief as he was asked to lead the ‘Integrated Guided Missile Development Program’ (IGMDP).

In May 1998, he played a key role in carrying out ‘Porkhran-II’ nuclear tests by India. The success of these nuclear tests made Kalam a national hero and his popularity went skyrocketing.

As a technical visionary, he made several recommendations in the fields of technological innovations, agriculture, and nuclear energy to make India a developed nation by 2020.

Photo Credit : https://www.naukrinama.com/stressbuster/most-intelligent-persons-in-india/apj-abdul-kalam/

As President

In 2002, Kalam was chosen the Presidential nominee by the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA), and he was elected the President. He became the 11 th President of India on July 25, 2002 and served the position till July 25, 2007.

He also became the third President of India to have received ‘Bharat Ratna’ before assuming the office of the President.

Due to his style of working and interaction with common people, especially the youth, he was affectionately called ‘The People’s President.’ According to Dr. Kalam, the most arduous decision he had taken during his tenure was that of signing the ‘Office of Profit Bill.’

During his tenure as President, he faced criticism for his inaction in deciding the fate of mercy petitions that were submitted to him. Out of the 21 mercy petitions, he acted only on one mercy plea. In 2005, he recommended for President’s rule in Bihar, which also became a controversial decision.

Photo Credit :http://www.youthconnect.in/2014/11/13/12-rare-stories-about-dr-apj-abdul-kalam-will-make-your-day-today/

As An Academician

After the end of his presidential term, he became a visiting professor at the ‘Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahemdabad,’ ‘Indian Institute of Management ((IIM), Indore,’ and the ‘Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Shillong.’ He served as a professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University, as chancellor at the ‘Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram,’ an honorary fellow of ‘Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore,’ and an adjunct at a number of other research and academic institutes across the country. He also taught technology at ‘Anna University,’ and ‘Banaras Hindu University,’ and taught information technology at the ‘International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad.’

With an aim to defeat corruption and bring efficiency, Kalam launched a program for the youth, called ‘What Can I Give Movement,’ in 2012.

Photo Credit : http://ias.kgisl.com/apj-abdul-kalam-sir-speech/

Awards and Achievements

• Kalam was honoured with the prestigious ‘Bharat Ratan,’ ‘Padma Vibhushan,’ and ‘Padma Bhushan’ from the Government of India.
• He was bestowed upon the ‘Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration’ by the Government of India in 1997.
• He was the recipient of Veer Savarkar Award.
• In 2000, he was bestowed with ‘Ramanujan Award’ by the ‘Alwars Research Centre.’
• In 2007, he received the ‘Kings Charles II Medal’ from the Royal Society.
• The ASME Foundation, USA, honoured Kalam with the Hoover Medal.
• He also received honorary doctorate from 40 universities.
• The United Nations recognized Kalam’s 79 th birthday as World Students’ Day.
• In 2003 and 2006, he was nominated for the ‘MTV Youth Icon of the Year.’

Kalam went to IIM Shillong to deliver a lecture on ‘Creating a Livable Planet Earth,’ on July 27, 2015. While climbing a flight of stairs, he expressed some discomfort, but made his way to the auditorium. Only five minutes into the lecture, around 6:35pm IST, he collapsed in the lecture hall. He was taken to ‘Bethany Hospital’ in a critical condition. He was kept in the intensive care unit but lacked signs of life. At 7:45pm IST, he was declared dead due to cardiac arrest.

Kalam’s body was airlifted in an Indian Air Force helicopter and was flown to New Delhi on July 28. Numerous dignitaries and masses paid homage to him at his residence at 10 Rajaji Marg. Kalam’s body, wrapped in the national flag, was then flown to the town of Mandapam, from where an army truck took it to his home town of Rameswaram. His body was displayed at Rameswaram in front of a bus station to allow people to pay their last respect to the departed soul. On July 30, 2015, the former President was laid to rest with full state honours at Rameswaram’s Pei Karumbu Ground. Kalam’s last rites were attended by more than 350,000 people.

Photo Credit : http://agnicollege.blogspot.com/2015/04/dr-kalam-hails-agnis-ignite-2015-step.html

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam and the Youth

Destiny was seen being benevolent when death beseeched Kalam while he was doing what he wanted to do throughout his life – sharing knowledge. Kalam took the final gasp doing what he loved most, and amongst those whom he loved the most – the youth. His life became a paradigm for the youth of the country. He became a role model and inspiration for the younger generation due to his humble nature, simple and easy going personality, and his ability to connect with young minds.

His Writings

Dr Kalam authored and co-authored a number of instructional and inspirational books, including ‘India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium,’ ‘Wings of Fire,’ ‘The Luminous Sparks: A Biography in Verse and Colours,’ ‘Mission of India: A Vision of Indian Youth,’ ‘You Are Born To Blossom,’ ‘Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power within India,’ ‘Guiding Souls,’ ‘Inspiring Thoughts,’ ‘Turning Points: A Journey Through Challenges,’ ‘Transcendence My Spiritual Experiences,’ ‘Beyond 2020: A Vision for Tomorrow’s India,’ and various others.

Photo Credit : https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/a-p-j-abdul-kalam-590.php

Interesting Facts About Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

• A man who spent approximately five decades in public service that included one stint as ‘The President,’ Kalam owned precious little. He owned no property, TV, fridge, car, AC, but owned approximately 2,500 books, six shirts, a pair of shoes, a wristwatch, four trousers and three suits.
• He never accepted any gifts from anyone, except books.
• He never charged any fee for the lectures that he delivered within or outside the country.
• His love for technology is no secret and he kept an eye on all the latest developments primarily through radio.
• He was a vegetarian and was always happy with what he was served.
• He was a pious soul and particular about his morning prayer, which he never missed.
• He was never seen wearing his religion on his sleeves nor was he seen playing up his humble origins.
• He never wrote his will. However, whatever was left behind was to be given to his elder brother and to grandchildren. Kalam always called his elder brother before going or returning from a significant assignment.
• His autobiography ‘Wings of Fire,’ was initially published in English but has been translated into thirteen languages, including Chinese and French.
• In 2011, Nila Madhab Panda directed a movie based on the life of Kalam, titled, ‘I Am Kalam.’
• Mathematics and Physics were his favourite subjects.

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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

President of India from 2002 to 2007 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR ( / ˈ ə b d ʊ l k ə ˈ l ɑː m / ⓘ ; 15 October 1931   – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. Born and raised in a Muslim family in Rameswaram , Tamil Nadu , he studied physics and aerospace engineering . He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts . [1] He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. [2] [3] [4] He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974. [5]

Kalam was elected as the 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress . Widely referred to as the " People's President ", [6] he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna , India's highest civilian honour.

While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong , Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. [7] Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram , where he was buried with full state honours . [8]

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island , then in the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu . His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque; [9] his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. [10] [11] [12] [13] His father owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi . [14] [15]

Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. [16] [17] [18] His ancestors had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Marakayar are a Muslim ethnic group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim descent from Arab traders and local women. The family business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and the island and to and from Sri Lanka , as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. With the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family fortune and properties were lost by the 1920s, apart from the ancestral home. The family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a young boy he had to sell newspapers to add to the family's meager income. [19] [20] [21]

In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially Mathematics . [21] After completing his education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram , Kalam went on to attend the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated in Physics in 1954. [22]

Kalam moved to Madras in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute of Technology . [13] While Kalam was working on a senior class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with his lack of progress and threatened to revoke his scholarship unless the project was finished within the next three days. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said to him, "I was putting you under stress and asking you to meet a difficult deadline." [23] He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a fighter pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the IAF . [24]

This was my first stage, in which I learnt leadership from three great teachers—Dr Vikram Sarabhai , Prof Satish Dhawan and Dr Brahm Prakash . This was the time of learning and acquisition of knowledge for me.

A P J Abdul Kalam [25]

After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Government of India) as a scientist after becoming a member of the Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS). He started his career by designing a small hovercraft , but remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO. [26] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR , working under Vikram Sarabhai , the renowned space scientist. [13] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. G. S. Murthy , the first Director of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) . [27] In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle ( SLV -III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in 1965. [1] In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and expanded the programme to include more engineers. [25]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA 's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia ; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland ; and Wallops Flight Facility . [11] [28] Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful.

Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as the representative of TBRL , even though he had not participated in its development. In the 1970s, Kalam also directed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant , which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the successful SLV programme. [29] Despite the disapproval of the Union Cabinet , Prime Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship. [29] Kalam played an integral role convincing the Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature of these classified aerospace projects. [29] His research and educational leadership brought him great laurels and prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to initiate an advanced missile programme under his directorship. [29] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam , metallurgist and scientific adviser to the Defence Minister, worked on the suggestion by the then Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on a proposal for simultaneous development of a quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one after another. [30] R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting the cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 3.88   billion for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as the chief executive. [30] Kalam played a major part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni , an intermediate range ballistic missile and Prithvi , the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects have been criticised for mismanagement and cost and time overruns. [30] [31]

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999. The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive political and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Coordinator, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram , during the testing phase. [11] [32] Media coverage of Kalam during this period made him the country's best known nuclear scientist. [33] However, the director of the site test, K Santhanam, said that the thermonuclear bomb had been a " fizzle " and criticised Kalam for issuing an incorrect report. [34] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims. [35]

In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju , Kalam developed a low cost coronary stent , named the "Kalam-Raju Stent". [36] [37] In 2012, the duo designed a rugged tablet computer for health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet". [38]

Kalam served as the 11th president of India, succeeding K. R. Narayanan . He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal . His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007. [39]

On 10 June 2002, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for the post of President, [40] [41] and both the Samajwadi Party and the Nationalist Congress Party backed his candidacy. [42] [43] After the Samajwadi Party announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek a second term in office, leaving the field clear. [44] Kalam said of the announcement of his candidature:

I am really overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in other media, I have been asked for a message. I was thinking what message I can give to the people of the country at this juncture. [45]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers in the Indian Parliament , accompanied by Vajpayee and his senior Cabinet colleagues. [46]

The polling for the presidential election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament and the state assemblies, with the media claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held on 18 July. [47] Kalam became the 11th president of the Republic of India in an easy victory, [48] and moved into the Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July. [49] Kalam was the third President of India to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, before becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India. [50] He was also the first scientist and the first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan . [51]

During his term as president, he was affectionately known as the People's President , [52] [53] [54] saying that signing the Office of Profit Bill was the toughest decision he had taken during his tenure. [55] [56] [57] Kalam was criticised for his inaction in deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during his tenure. [58] Article 72 of the Constitution of India empowers the President of India to grant pardons, and suspend or commute the death sentence of convicts on death row. [58] [59] Kalam acted on only one mercy plea in his five-year tenure as president, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee , who was later hanged. [58] Perhaps the most notable plea was from Afzal Guru , a Kashmiri terrorist who was convicted of conspiracy in the December 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament and was sentenced to death by the Supreme Court of India in 2004. [59] While the sentence was scheduled to be carried out on 20 October 2006, the pending action on his mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row. [59] He also took the controversial decision to impose President's Rule in Bihar in 2005. [60]

In September 2003, in an interactive session in PGI Chandigarh , Kalam supported the need of Uniform Civil Code in India, keeping in view the population of the country. [61] [62] [63] [64]

At the end of his term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness to consider a second term in office provided there was certainty about his victory in the 2007 presidential election . [65] However, two days later, he decided not to contest the Presidential election again stating that he wanted to avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from any political processes. [66] He was proposed by third front named United National Progressive Alliance leader J. Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala , but he did not have the support of the left parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents , to receive a renewed mandate. [67] [68]

Nearing the expiry of the term of the 12th President Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, media reports in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated for his second term. [69] [70] [71] After the reports, social networking sites witnessed a number of people supporting his candidature. [72] [73] The BJP potentially backed his nomination [ failed verification ] , saying that the party would lend their support if the Trinamool Congress , Samajwadi Party and Indian National Congress proposed him for the 2012 presidential election . [74] [75] A month ahead of the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support for Kalam. [76] Indian National Congress opposed the nomination of Kalam in 2012. [77] Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the solitary supporter. [78] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 presidential poll. He said of his decision not to do so:

Many, many citizens have also expressed the same wish. It only reflects their love and affection for me and the aspiration of the people. I am really overwhelmed by this support. This being their wish, I respect it. I want to thank them for the trust they have in me. [79]

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong , the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad , and the Indian Institute of Management Indore ; an honorary fellow of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore ; [80] chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram ; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University ; and an adjunct at many other academic and research institutions across India. He taught information technology at the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad , and technology at Banaras Hindu University and Anna University. [81]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups over his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant ; he supported the establishment of the nuclear power plant and was accused of not speaking with the local people. [82] The protesters were hostile to his visit as they saw him as a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances he provided regarding the safety features of the plant. [83]

In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for the youth of India called the What Can I Give Movement , with a central theme of defeating corruption. [84] [85]

On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong . While climbing a flight of stairs, he experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the auditorium after a brief rest. [86] At around 6:35   p.m. IST , only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed. [87] [88] He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of life. [87] Despite being placed in the intensive care unit , Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45   p.m. IST . [87] [89] [90] His last words, to his aide Srijan Pal Singh , were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?" [91]

Following his death, Kalam's body was airlifted in an Indian Air Force helicopter from Shillong to Guwahati, from where it was flown to New Delhi on the morning of 28 July in an air force C-130J Hercules. The flight landed at Palam Air Base that afternoon and was received by the then President Pranab Mukherjee , the then Vice-President Hamid Ansari , the Prime Minister Narendra Modi , Chief Minister of Delhi Arvind Kejriwal , and the three service chiefs of the Indian Armed Forces , who laid wreaths on Kalam's body. [92] His body was then placed on a gun carriage draped with the Indian flag and taken to his Delhi residence at 10 Rajaji Marg; there, the public and numerous dignitaries paid homage, including former prime minister Manmohan Singh , Congress President Sonia Gandhi and Vice-president Rahul Gandhi , and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav . [93]

On the morning of 29 July, Kalam's body, wrapped in the Indian flag, was taken to Palam Air Base and flown to Madurai in an air force C-130J aircraft, arriving at Madurai Airport that afternoon. His body was received at the airport by the three service chiefs and national and state dignitaries, including cabinet ministers Manohar Parrikar , Venkaiah Naidu , Pon Radhakrishnan and the governors of Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, K Rosaiah and V. Shanmuganathan . After a brief ceremony, Kalam's body was flown by air force helicopter to the town of Mandapam , from where it was taken in an army truck to his hometown of Rameswaram. Upon arriving at Rameswaram, his body was displayed in an open area in front of the local bus station to allow the public to pay their final respects until 8   p.m. that evening. [94] [95]

On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram 's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state honours. Over 350,000 people attended the last rites, including the Prime Minister, the governor of Tamil Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. [96] [97]

India reacted to Kalam's death with an outpouring of grief; numerous tributes were paid to the former president across the nation and on social media. [98] The Government of India declared a seven-day state mourning period as a mark of respect. [99] President Pranab Mukherjee , Vice-president Hamid Ansari , Home Minister Rajnath Singh , and other leaders condoled the former President's demise. [89] Prime Minister Narendra Modi said "Kalam's death is a great loss to the scientific community. He took India to great heights. He showed the way." [100] Former Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, who had served as prime minister under Kalam, said, "our country has lost a great human being who made phenomenal contributions to the promotion of self-reliance in defence technologies. I worked very closely with Dr. Kalam as prime minister and I greatly benefited from his advice as president of our country. His life and work will be remembered for generations to come." [101] ISRO chairman A. S. Kiran Kumar called his former colleague "a great personality and a gentleman", while former chairman G. Madhavan Nair described Kalam as "a global leader" for whom "the downtrodden and poor people were his priority. He always had a passion to convey what is in his mind to the young generation", adding that his death left a vacuum which none could fill. [102] [103]

South Asian leaders expressed condolences and lauded the late statesman. The Bhutanese government ordered the country's flags to fly at half-staff to mourn Kalam's death and lit 1000 butter lamps in homage. Bhutanese Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay expressed deep sadness, saying Kalam "was a leader greatly admired by all people, especially the youth of India who have referred to him as the people's President". [104] Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina described Kalam as "a rare combination of a great statesman, acclaimed scientist, and a source of inspiration to the young generation of South Asia" and termed his death an "irreparable loss to India and beyond". Bangladesh Nationalist Party chief Khaleda Zia said "as a nuclear scientist, he engaged himself in the welfare of the people". Ashraf Ghani , the President of Afghanistan , called Kalam "an inspirational figure to millions of people," noting that "we have a lot to learn from his life". Nepalese Prime Minister Sushil Koirala recalled Kalam's scientific contributions to India: "Nepal has lost a good friend and I have lost an honoured and ideal personality." The President of Pakistan , Mamnoon Hussain , and Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif also expressed their grief and condolences on his death. [105] [106] [107] The President of Sri Lanka , Maithripala Sirisena , also expressed his condolences. "Dr. Kalam was a man of firm conviction and indomitable spirit, and I saw him as an outstanding statesman of the world. His death is an irreparable loss not only to India but to the entire world." [108] Maldivian President Abdulla Yameen and Vice-president Ahmed Adeeb condoled Kalam's death, with Yameen naming him as a close friend of the Maldives who would continue to be an inspiration to Indians and generations of South Asians. Former President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom , who had made an official visit to India during Kalam's presidency, termed his demise as a great loss to all of humankind. [109] The Commander-in-Chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces , Senior General Min Aung Hlaing , expressed condolences on behalf of the Myanmar government. [110] The Dalai Lama expressed his sadness and offered condolences and prayers, calling Kalam's death "an irreparable loss". [111]

Kathleen Wynne , the Premier of Ontario , which Kalam had visited on numerous occasions, expressed "deepest condolences ... as a respected scientist, he played a critical role in the development of the Indian space programme. As a committed educator, he inspired millions of young people to achieve their very best. And as a devoted leader, he gained support both at home and abroad, becoming known as 'the people's President'. I join our Indo – Canadian families, friends, and neighbours in mourning the passing of this respected leader." [112] United States President Barack Obama extended "deepest condolences to the people of India on the passing of former Indian President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam", and highlighted his achievements as a scientist and as a statesman, notably his role in strengthening US–India relations and increasing space co-operation between the two nations. "Suitably named 'the People's President', Dr. Kalam's humility and dedication to public service served as an inspiration to millions of Indians and admirers around the world." [113]

Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed sincere condolences and conveyed his sympathy and support "to the near and dear ones of the deceased leader, to the government, and entire people of India". He remarked on Kalam's outstanding "personal contribution to the social, economic, scientific, and technical progress of India and in ensuring its national security," adding that Kalam would be remembered as a "consistent exponent of closer friendly relations between our nations, who has done a lot for cementing mutually beneficial Russian – Indian cooperation." [114] Other international leaders—including former Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono , Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak , Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong , President of the United Arab Emirates Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan , and vice-president and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and emir of Dubai Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum —also paid tribute to Kalam. [115] [116] In a special gesture, Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon visited the Permanent Mission of India to the UN and signed a condolence book. "The outpouring of grief around the world is a testament of the respect and inspiration he has garnered during and after his presidency. The UN joins the people of India in sending our deepest condolences for this great statesman. May he rest in peace and eternity", Ban wrote in his message. [117]

The Dr. A.   P.   J. Abdul Kalam National Memorial [118] was built in memory of Kalam by the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in the island town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017. [119] [120] On display are the replicas of rockets and missiles which Kalam had worked with. Acrylic paintings about his life are also displayed along with hundreds of portraits depicting the life of the mass leader. There is a statue of Kalam in the entrance showing him playing the Veena . There are two other smaller statues of the leader in sitting and standing posture. [121]

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra ( died "}]]}">d.   1997 ), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021), [122] [123] Mustafa Kalam ( died "}]]}">d.   1999 ) and Kasim Mohammed ( died "}]]}">d.   1995 ). [124] He was extremely close to his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums of money to his older relations, himself remaining a lifelong bachelor. [124] [125]

Kalam was noted for his integrity and his simple lifestyle. [125] [126] He never owned a television, and was in the habit of rising at 6:30 or 7   a.m. and sleeping by 2   a.m. [127] His few personal possessions included his books, his veena , some articles of clothing, a CD player and a laptop; at his death, he left no will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him. [128] [129]

Religion and spirituality were very important to Kalam throughout his life. [130] He made his own spiritual journey the subject of his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji . [131] [132]

Daily namaz and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life of Kalam, a practising Sunni Muslim . [9] [133] [134] His father, the imam of a mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly instilled these Islamic customs in his children. [9] His father had also impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith respect and dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A.   P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, and a church priest used to sit with hot tea and discuss the issues concerning the island." [131] [135] Such early exposure convinced Kalam that the answers to India's multitudinous issues lay in "dialogue and cooperation" among the country's religious, social, and political leaders. [133] Moreover, since Kalam believed that "respect for other faiths" was one of the key cornerstones of Islam , he was fond of saying: "For great men, religion is a way of making friends; small people make religion a fighting tool." [136]

One component of Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse groups in India, and an enduring aspect of his legacy, is the syncretism he embodied in appreciating various elements of the many spiritual and cultural traditions of India. [133] [134] [137] [138] In addition to his faith in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit , [139] [140] read the Bhagavad Gita [141] [142] and he was a vegetarian. [143] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil poetry, playing the veena (an Indian string instrument), [144] and listening to Carnatic devotional music every day. [134] In 2002, in one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming president, he reiterated his desire for a more united India, stating that "during the last one year I met a number of spiritual leaders of all religions ... and I would like to endeavour to work for bringing about unity of minds among the divergent traditions of our country". [137] Describing Kalam as a unifier of diverse traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a complete Indian, an embodiment of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity". [134] BJP leader L. K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of the Idea of India, one who embodied the best of all the cultural and spiritual traditions that signify India's unity in immense diversity. This was most strikingly evident in the second-to-last book he published, presciently titled Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swami ". [138]

Pramukh Swami as Guru

Kalam's desire to meet spiritual leaders to help create a more prosperous, spiritual, and unified India was what initially led him to meet Pramukh Swami , the Hindu guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya , who Kalam would come to consider his ultimate spiritual teacher and guru. [131] [133] The first of eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June 2001, in New Delhi, during which Kalam described being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity. [145] Kalam stated that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions. One such incident occurred the day following the terrorist attack on BAPS ' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and sprinkled holy water upon, the sites of all of the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all human life is sacred. Kalam recalled being moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity and compassion, citing this incident as one of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji . [146] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Swami had on him, Kalam stated that "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me. He is the ultimate stage of the spiritual ascent in my life ... Pramukh Swamiji has put me in a God-synchronous orbit. No manoeuvres are required any more, as I am placed in my final position in eternity." [133] [147] Following Kalam's death a month after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to this passage as potentially prophetic and premonitory of Kalam's death. [148]

In his book India 2020 , Kalam strongly advocated an action plan to develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and a developed nation by 2020. He regarded his work on India's nuclear weapons programme as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower. [149]

I have identified five areas where India has a core competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information and communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable and quality electric power, surface transport and infrastructure for all parts of the country; and (5) self-reliance in critical technologies. These five areas are closely inter-related and if advanced in a coordinated way, will lead to food, economic and national security.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life when he asked Pramukh Swami , the guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya , how India might realise this five-pronged vision of development.   Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a sixth area developing faith in God and spirituality to overcome the current climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for the next 15 years Kalam's life, which he describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji , published just a month before his death. [145]

It was reported that there was considerable demand in South Korea for translated versions of books authored by him. [150]

Kalam took an active interest in other developments in the field of science and technology, including a research programme for developing biomedical implants . He also supported open source technology over proprietary software , predicting that the use of free software on a large scale would bring the benefits of information technology to more people. [151]

Kalam set a target of interacting with 100,000 students during the two years after his resignation from the post of scientific adviser in 1999. [21] He explained, "I feel comfortable in the company of young people, particularly high school students. Henceforth, I intend to share with them experiences, helping them to ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for a developed India for which the road map is already available." His dream is to let every student to light up the sky with victory using their latent fire in the heart. [21]

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities. [152] [153] The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his work with ISRO and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisor to the Government. [154] In 1997, Kalam received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna , for his contribution to the scientific research and modernisation of defence technology in India. [155] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient of Hoover Medal . [156] And in 2013, he was the recipient of the Von Braun Award from the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the management and leadership of a space-related project". [157]

In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 in Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian . [158]

Following his death, Kalam received numerous tributes. The Tamil Nadu state government announced that his birthday, 15 October, would be observed across the state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state government further instituted the " Dr. A.   P.   J. Abdul Kalam Award ", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate and ₹ 500,000 (US$6,000) . The award will be awarded annually on Independence Day, beginning in 2015, to residents of the state with achievements in promoting scientific growth, the humanities or the welfare of students. [159]

On the anniversary of Kalam's birth in 2015 the CBSE set topics on his name in the CBSE expression series. [160]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released postage stamps commemorating Kalam at DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi on 15 October 2015, the 84th anniversary of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had discovered a new bacterium on the filters of the International Space Station (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late president Dr. A.   P.   J. Abdul Kalam. [161]

Several educational and scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following his death.

• Kerala Technological University , headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam lived for years, was renamed to A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University after his death.
• An agricultural college at Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by the Bihar state government on the day of Kalam's funeral. The state government also announced it would name a proposed science city after Kalam. [162]
• India's First Medical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology located at Visakhapatnam . [163]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A.   P.   J. Abdul Kalam Technical University by the Uttar Pradesh state government. [164]
• A.   P.   J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, a new research institute in Kollam city, Kerala attached to the Travancore Medical College Hospital . [165]
• A new academic complex at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala. [166]
• Construction of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Science City started in Patna in February 2019. [167]
• A new science centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry. [168]
• India and the US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in September 2014. The first call for applicants was announced on Friday, 12 March 2016, for the fellowship which will enable up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to work with US host institutions for a period of 6–12 months. The fellowship will be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under the Fulbright programme. [169]
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur , Odisha was named after him.
• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University of Technology . [170]

Wheeler Island, a national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in September 2015. [171]

A prominent road in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road [172] [173] in August 2015. [174]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Survey of India named a newly found plant species as Drypetes kalamii , in his honour. [175]

In 2022 a newly discovered species of footballfish , Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour. [176]

Other awards and honours

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology by A P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha ; Indian Academy of Sciences , 1988. [200]
• India 2020 : A Vision for the New Millennium by A P J Abdul Kalam, Y. S. Rajan ; New York, 1998. [201]
• Wings of Fire : An Autobiography by A P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999. [11]
• Ignited Minds : Unleashing the Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002. [202]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004. [203]
• Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta ; Penguin Books , 2005 [204]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons , 2007 [205]
• Indomitable Spirit by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing [206]
• Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A P J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi [207]
• You Are Born To Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond by A P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011. [208]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012. [209]
• Target 3 Billion by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books ).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; 2014 by the Rupa Publication. [210]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 by A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins . [211]
• Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by A P J Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Sons , 29 October 2014. [212]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin India, 14 May 2015. [213]
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015 [214]
• Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October 2015. [215]
• Eternal Quest: Life and Times of Dr Kalam by S Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002. [216]
• President A P J Abdul Kalam by R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002. [217]
• A P J Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; A P H Pub Corp, 2002. [218]
• A Little Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008. [219]
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008. [220]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; Novel Corporation, 2009. [221]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari ; Harper Collins, 2015. [222]
• The People's President: Dr A P J Abdul Kalam by S M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. [223]
• In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam , Kalam is portrayed as a positive influence on a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour of his idol. [224] My Hero Kalam is a 2018 Indian Kannada -language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from childhood to the Pokhran tests. [225]
• People's President is a 2016 Indian documentary feature film directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the life of Kalam. It was produced by the Government of India 's Films Division . [226]
• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a documentary television series about prominent personalities of India which aired on National Geographic , based the third episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life and his ascendancy to India's presidency. [227]
• Soorarai Pottru , a 2020 film about the Indian aviation industry had a look-alike of Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him. [228]
• Rocket Boys [229] , an Indian Hindi -language Biographical streaming television series on SonyLIV . The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
• Rocketry: The Nambi Effect , a 2022 film about ISRO espionage case , Abdul Kalam's character is portrayed by actor Amaan. [230]
• 2002 Indian presidential election
• List of presidents of India
• The Greatest Indian
• [F 1] Appointed for 2002 Presidential Elections as an Independent Candidate; in coalition with NDA, during Vajpayee Government
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• [203] Kalam, A.P.J. Abdul (2004). The luminous sparks   : a biography in verse and colours . Bangalore: Punya Pub. ISBN   978-81-901897-8-1 .
• [204] Rajan, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam with Y.S. (2005). Mission India   : a vision for Indian youth . New Delhi, India: Puffin Books. ISBN   978-0-14-333499-6 .
• [205] Kalam, A.P.J. Abdul (2007). Inspiring thoughts . Delhi: Rajpal & Sons . ISBN   978-81-7028-684-4 .
• [206] Kalam, A.P.J. Abdul (2006). Indomitable Spirit . Delhi: Rajpal & Sons . ISBN   978-81-7028-654-7 .
• [207] Kalam, Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul; Pillai, A. Sivathanu (2004). Envisioning an Empowered Nation: Technology for Societal Transformation . Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. ISBN   978-0-07-053154-3 . Archived from the original on 25 July 2023 . Retrieved 24 July 2020 .
• [208] You Are Born To Blossom   : Take My Journey Beyond . New Delhi, India: Ocean Books. January 2010. ISBN   978-81-8430-037-6 .
• [209] "Turning Points:A journey through challenges" . HarperCollins India. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012.
• [210] Kalam, Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul (2014). My Journey: Transforming Dreams Into Actions . Rupa Publications India. ISBN   978-81-291-2491-3 . Archived from the original on 25 July 2023 . Retrieved 24 July 2020 .
• [211] "Dr. Abdul Kalam's new Book A Manifesto for Change to release on July 14" . news.biharprabha.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014 . Retrieved 27 June 2014 .
• [212] Abdul Kalam, A P J (29 October 2014). Forge Your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring . Rajpal & Sons . ISBN   978-93-5064-279-5 . ASIN   9350642794 .
• [213] Abdul Kalam, A P J; Pal Singh, Srijan (14 May 2015). Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future . Penguin India. ISBN   978-0-14-333354-8 . ASIN   0143333542 .
• [214] Dr. Abdul Kalam's new Book Transcendence My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji to release on 15 June . HarperCollins India Publication. ASIN   9351774058 .
• [215] A P J, Abdul Kalam; Srijan, Pal Singh (20 October 2015). Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity . HarperCollins Publishers India. ISBN   978-9351776451 .
• [216] Rohde, David (19 July 2002). "Nuclear Scientist, 70, a Folk Hero, Is Elected India's President" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 9 November 2012 . Retrieved 29 June 2012 .
• [217] Pruthi, Raj (2003). President Apj Abdul Kalam . Anmol Publications. ISBN   978-81-261-1344-6 . Archived from the original on 3 June 2016 . Retrieved 9 October 2015 .
• [218] Bhushan, K.; Katyal, G. (2002). A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India . APH Publishing. ISBN   978-81-7648-380-3 . Archived from the original on 7 May 2016 . Retrieved 9 October 2015 .
• [219] "Documentary on Kalam released" . The Hindu . Chennai, India. 12 January 2008. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009 . Retrieved 27 March 2009 .
• [220] Nair, P. M. (2008). The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President . HarperCollins Publishers, a joint venture with the India Today Group. ISBN   978-81-7223-736-3 . Archived from the original on 26 April 2016 . Retrieved 9 October 2015 .
• [221] Fr A K George (2009). My Days with Mahatma Abdul Kalam . Novel Corp. ISBN   978-81-904529-5-3 . Archived from the original on 13 May 2016 . Retrieved 9 October 2015 .
• [222] Tiwari, Arun (2015). A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life . HarperCollins. ISBN   9789351776918 . Archived from the original on 5 September 2019 . Retrieved 5 September 2019 .
• [223] Khan, S M (2016). The People's President: Dr A P J Abdul Kalam . Bloomsbury. ISBN   9789386141521 . Archived from the original on 30 March 2022 . Retrieved 5 September 2019 .
• [224] "I Am Kalam: Movie Review" . The Times of India . 4 August 2011. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013 . Retrieved 3 March 2012 .
• [225] "My Hero Kalam (2018)" . Indiancine.ma . Archived from the original on 18 August 2021 . Retrieved 17 February 2021 .
• [226] "Biopic to be streamed as tribute to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam" (PDF) . filmsdivision.org . 15 January 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2021 . Retrieved 11 June 2021 .
• [227] "Mega Icons Season 1 Episode 1" . Disney+ Hotstar . Archived from the original on 11 June 2021 . Retrieved 11 June 2021 .
• [228] "Meet the man who's Kalam but not Kalam" . India Today . 27 July 2016. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022 . Retrieved 29 April 2022 .
• [229] " 'Rocket Boys' Begins Well, Then Turns Into Hagiography With a Blatantly Communal Touch" . The Wire . Archived from the original on 4 March 2022 . Retrieved 1 July 2022 .
• [230] Chellappan, Kumar (8 December 2013). "True lies" . The Pioneer . Archived from the original on 19 April 2021 . Retrieved 2 April 2021 .
• Official website Archived 27 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine
• Website of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam during his tenureship as the President of India , hosted by the National Informatics Centre
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam at IMDb

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Early life and education

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A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Biography

Birthday: October 15 , 1931 ( Libra )

Born In: Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was a prominent Indian scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Renowned for his pivotal role in the nation’s civilian space programme and military missile development, he was known as the Missile Man of India. He made significant contributions to India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998 which established him as a national hero. An alumnus of the prestigious Madras Institute of Technology, Kalam began his career as a scientist at the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). He was later transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he served as the project director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III). He eventually rejoined DRDO and became closely involved in India’s space programme. he served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister in the 1990s before becoming the President of India in 2002. Immensely popular during his term, he earned the moniker of People's President. He was honored with several awards including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, for his contribution to the nation’s space and nuclear programme.

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Also Known As: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam

Died At Age: 83

father: Jainulabudeen

mother: Ashiamma

Born Country: India

Presidents Scientists

Height: 5'6" (168 cm ), 5'6" Males

Died on: July 27 , 2015

place of death: Shillong, Meghalaya, India

Notable Alumni: St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, Madras Institute Of Technology, Anna University

Cause of Death: Cardiac Arrest

education: Madras Institute Of Technology, Anna University, St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli

awards: Bharat Ratna (1997) Padma Vibhushan (1990) Padma Bhushan (1981)

Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration (1997) Ramanujan Award (2000) King Charles II Medal (2007) Hoover Medal (2008) International von Kármán Wings Award

You wanted to know

What were a.p.j. abdul kalam's major contributions to the field of science and technology.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam made significant contributions to missile technology and space research in India. He played a crucial role in the development of India's first indigenous satellite launch vehicle (SLV-III) and the successful testing of nuclear weapons.

How did A.P.J. Abdul Kalam inspire the youth of India?

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was known for his motivational speeches and interactions with students. He encouraged the youth to dream big, work hard, and strive for excellence in their chosen fields. He often emphasized the importance of education, innovation, and perseverance.

What was A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's vision for India's future?

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam envisioned a developed India that excelled in science, technology, and innovation. He believed in harnessing the potential of young minds to drive the country towards progress and prosperity. He promoted the idea of sustainable development and inclusive growth for all citizens.

How did A.P.J. Abdul Kalam promote education among underprivileged children?

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was a strong advocate for education and believed that it was the key to unlocking a brighter future for individuals and the nation as a whole. He established various initiatives and scholarships to support underprivileged children in pursuing their education and realizing their potential.

What were A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's views on leadership and governance?

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam emphasized the importance of ethical leadership and good governance in shaping a better society. He believed that leaders should be role models who lead by example, uphold integrity, and work selflessly for the welfare of the people.

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Short Biography of APJ Abdul Kalam in english

Abdul Kalam ji is also called the “ Missile Man of India ” due to his essential role in India’s nuclear energy sector.

Dr. Abdul Kalam was also awarded India’s highest civilian award for his involvement in nuclear weapons programs.

Though he is no longer with us, the country of India will never forget his work, contribution, and tenure as President.

Overview of Dr Abdul Kalam Biography

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Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Early Life:  

Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 in the Tamil Muslim family of Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu. His father’s name was Zainlabdeen (Father’s Name), and he used to work in leasing and selling boats.

Kalam Ji’s father was illiterate, but his thoughts were far above common thinking.

He was a man of high thoughts and wanted to give higher education to all his children.

His mother’s name was Aseemma (Mother’s Name), and she was a domestic housewife.

Abdul Kalam had five siblings, including three elder brothers and one elder sister.

When Abdul Kalam was born, his family was struggling with poverty. To help the family, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam started selling newspapers at a young age.

During his school days, he was regular in his studies but was always ready to learn new things.

He was always ready to learn things and studied for hours. Mathematics was his principal and interest subject.

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Abdul kalam’s education

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Ji received his enrollment in elementary education from Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu.

During his school days, he was greatly influenced by one of his teachers, Ayadurai Solomon.

His teacher believed that desire, hope and faith should always be kept in one’s life, and it is crucial to control these basic mantras.

Due to these three Mool Mantras, you can achieve your destination without any problem.

Abdul Kalam Ji kept these basic mantras in his life till his last time.

After his early education, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam obtained his B.Sc degree in Physics in 1954 from St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli. After this, he moved to Madras in 1955.

Kalam Ji was to become a fighter pilot, for which he took education at the Institute of Technology in Aerospace Engineering.

Still, he got a ninth place in the examination, while the IAF declared eight results, which he could not succeed in.

After graduation, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam started working on a project. The project in charge had given time to complete the rocket model in just three days and also said that if this model could not be made, his scholarship would be canceled.

What was then?

Abdul Kalam Ji saw neither night nor day, neither hunger nor thirst.

He completed his goal in just 24 hours and made the model of the rocket.

The project in charge could not believe that this model would be completed soon, and the project in charge was also surprised to see that model.

Thus Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam faced many challenges in his life.

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Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Career:  

After graduating, Kalam joined the Defense Research and Development Organization as a scientist.

He also worked with famous scientist Vikram Sarabhai. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam came to ISRO in 1969 and worked as Project Director.

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While working in this position, India’s first satellite Rohini was placed in Earth’s orbit in 1980.

It was a matter of great fortune for Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam to join ISRO as he felt that his living purpose was being fulfilled.

In 1963-64, Abdul Kalam also visited the American organization NASA.

India’s famous nuclear scientist Raja Ramanna conducted the first nuclear test, which Kalam ji was called to test.

In the 1970s-1980s, Dr. Abdul Kalam became a famous scientist in the country due to the success of his work, and due to the rise in fame, the then Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi allowed some secret works without the approval of her cabinet.

FAQ’s on APJ Abdul Kalam

Q. What is Abdul Kalam most famous for?

A. Abdul Kalam is most famous for being the President of India from 2002 to 2007, and for his contributions to the development of India’s civilian space program and military missile program as a scientist and engineer. He is also known for his inspirational speeches and writings on topics such as education, youth empowerment, and spirituality.

Q. At what age Abdul Kalam died?

A. Abdul Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015 at the age of 83.

Q. Why APJ Abdul Kalam is an inspiration?

A. APJ Abdul Kalam is an inspiration because he rose from humble beginnings to become a highly respected scientist and leader in India, he played a key role in the development of India’s civilian space program and military missile program, and he was known for his humility, simplicity, and kindness, inspiring young people around the world to make a positive difference.

Q. What did Abdul Kalam invent?

A. Abdul Kalam, a renowned scientist and former President of India, did not invent any specific technology or device. However, he played a key role in the development of India’s civilian space program and military missile program, and was instrumental in the successful testing of India’s first satellite launch vehicle and nuclear weapons. He also made significant contributions to the fields of aeronautical engineering and missile technology, which helped to advance India’s technological capabilities.

Q. Who defeated Abdul Kalam?

A. Abdul Kalam, the former President of India, was not defeated by anyone, as he did not participate in any elections.

Q. Who is the best friend of Kalam?

A. Abdul Kalam had many friends throughout his life, but his closest friend was likely Soma Raju, a scientist and researcher whom Kalam met in the 1960s while working on India’s satellite launch vehicle program. Raju and Kalam shared a deep friendship and professional collaboration that spanned several decades, and Raju was with Kalam during his final moments before he passed away in 2015.

Q. Who invited Kalam to his house?

A. Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan invited Kalam to his home for dinner in 2005. The two had a warm and engaging conversation, and Bachchan later described Kalam as a “great mind and soul.

Q. Who helped Kalam?

A. Abdul Kalam received help and support from many people throughout his life, including his parents, teachers, mentors, colleagues, and friends. Some of the individuals who played a particularly important role in his life include his father, Jainulabdeen, who was a devout Muslim and an inspiration to Kalam; his teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, who instilled in Kalam a love of mathematics and science; and his mentor, Vikram Sarabhai, who helped Kalam to develop his skills as a scientist and engineer and encouraged him to pursue his dreams.

Q. What was Kalam’s view about his first job?

A . Abdul Kalam’s first job was as a trainee engineer at the Directorate of Technical Development and Production (DTDP) of the Ministry of Defence in India. In his autobiography “Wings of Fire”, Kalam described this job as a turning point in his life, as it gave him the opportunity to apply his technical knowledge and skills to real-world problems. He viewed his first job as a valuable learning experience that helped to shape his future career as a scientist and engineer. He also felt a strong sense of duty and responsibility to his country, and saw his work at DTDP as a way to contribute to India’s defense and security.

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APJ Abdul Kalam Biography: Inventions, Achievements, Death Date, Quotes, Full Name, Education & other details

Avul Plair Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam widely known as India’s Missile Man. He was India’s 11th President as well as an aerospace scientist. For five years, he served as India’s President (2002-2007) He was instrumental in the development of India’s nuclear and missile programmes. 

Table of Contents

• Biography  

Education and Struggles

Apj abdul kalam as a scientist, awards and achievements.

• Books he wrote and dedicated to him.

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Biography

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was the eleventh President of India, serving from 2002 to 2007. He was born on May 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and studied physics as well as aeronautical engineering. In 2002, APJ Abdul Kalam was chosen as India’s 11th President, Having backing from both the ruling Bharatiya Janata as well as the opposing Indian National Congress After his one tenure as President, APJ Abdul Kalam resumed civilian life in teaching, writing, and public service.

Kalam was extremely earnest and diligent in his studies, but his teachers recognised him as having a tremendous desire to study. He finished his secondary studies at Ramanathapuram’s Schwartz Secondary School. In 1955, he graduated from Saint Joseph’s College at Tiruchirappalli with a diploma in physics. He subsequently went to Madras to further his education, graduating from the Engineering And Technology Institute with a diploma in aircraft engineering. His dream of becoming a military pilot was crushed when the IAF only had eight slots available, and he finished ninth. Following graduation, he worked as a scientist for the “Defense Research Service” and the “Aeronautical Development Establishment.”

On graduation from the University of Madras in 1960, APJ Abdul Kalam returned to the Defence Research and Development organisation Organisation as a scientist (DRDO). He began his career by creating a tiny hovercraft, however his position with the DRDO did not persuade him. APJ Abdul Kalam was moved to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969 as the project head of India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle, which successfully launched the Rohini satellite into relatively near orbit in July 1980.

Raja Ramanna also invited APJ Abdul Kalam to see the country’s first nuclear test, Laughing Buddha, as the spokesman of TBRL. However, he had never participated in its development.

Sir Kalam was the rightful 11th Indian President. His presidency lasted from July 25, 2002, to July 25, 2007. He was elected with a huge margin of victory in a presidential election in 2002. The National Democratic Alliances’ nomination for President was endorsed by the Samajwadi Party and the National Congress Party. He was often referred to as the people’s President because of his numerous contributions to the well-being of the people and the country. He was daring and brave enough to make and implement difficult, delicate, or contentious judgments. Perhaps the most difficult Act he had to sign was the “office of profit.” Under the English Settlement Act of 1701 in 1701, the “office of profit” indicates that no one individual who is a professional setup process underneath the royal family or who has any arrangement with or is receiving a pension from the prince does have the ability to work for the “House of Commons.” This will give the royal family no influence on administrative conditions.

Kalam received several honours during his lifetime. In 1981, he was granted the “Padma Bhusan,” the Republic of India’s third-highest civilian honour. Then, in 1990, he was granted the Padma Vibhushan, the Republic of India’s second-highest civilian honour.

 In 1997, the Indian government awarded Abdul Kalam the “Bharat Ratna,” the Republic of India’s highest civilian honour, in addition to the “Indira Gandhi Award of National Integration” even by “Indian National Congress,” which is named after former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The following year, in 1998, he was given the “Veer Savarkar Award.” The SASTRA “Ramanujan Award” was bestowed to him in 2000. In 2007, he was awarded the “King Charles II Medal” by the United Kingdom for his contributions to scientific advancements in India. In 2009, he was awarded the “Hoover Medal,” an American honour awarded to outstanding persons who make extracurricular efforts.

Books he wrote

In his lifetime, he published several works, including Agni ki Udaan (1999), India 2020 (1998), Ignited Minds (2002), Naa Jeevana Gamanam (2013), Turning Points: A Journey Across Difficulties (2012), Indominate Spirit (2006), and You Are Born To Blossom (2007). (2008). You can include them in the APJ Abdul Kalam Essay and some other writers. They have devoted books to him, including APJ Abdul Kalam by Arun Tiwari and Advantage of India by Srijan Pal Singh.

Shillong, Meghalaya, on July 27, 2015.

The day we left a man who desired a miracle for India’s youth was a bad day for India. He falls inside the lecture hall only 5 minutes into it, about 6:35 p.m. In critical condition, he was brought to ‘Bethany Hospital.’ He was maintained in the intensive-care unit but showed no signs of life, and he was certified dead at 7:45 p.m. because of cardiac arrest.

APJ Abdul Kalam is a very kind-hearted individual who generously performed many things for India. He is indeed the reason we have nuclear weapons today. He not only became President & did a lot of good for India, but he also made a significant contribution to missile history.

Frequently Asked Questions

Get answers to the most common queries related to the General Awareness.

Q1. What are your thoughts on APJ Abdul Kalam?

Q2. which honour is not granted to abdul kalam, q3. what was the reason for abdul kalam's death, q4. abdul kalam was born in which country, q5. which island is named after dr a.p.j. abdul kalam.

Answer: Dr APJ Abdul Kalam was a former Indian President and a well-known Indian scientist. He was also involved in India’s Space & Missile Development Program, earning him the moniker “Missile Man of India.”

Answer: Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam does not get the Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Award. Kalam was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1997, the Padma Vibhushan in 1990, and the Padma Bhushan in 2011. (1981).

Answer: Dr Abdul Kalam died on July 27, 2015, at 83, while giving a lecture at Indian Institute Shillong in Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam fell and died after a heart attack.

Answer: Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1931, in Dhanushkodi, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India. He was born into a Muslim household.

Answer: Dr Abdul Kalam Island, located in Odisha, is today known as Wheeler Island. The island is located around 150 kilometres east of Bhubaneshwar, the state capital of Odisha.

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APJ Abdul Kalam, Biography, Full Name, Contributions, Awards

Apj abdul kalam, apj abdul kalam contributions.

• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Awards and Honours

Prelims : General Science

Mains : Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; Indigenization of Technology and Developing New Technology.

Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, commonly known as Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, was an iconic Indian scientist, aerospace engineer, and visionary leader. Abdul Kalam served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007 and is widely celebrated as the "People's President" for his immense contributions to science, technology, and the socio-economic development of India. He played a pivotal role in the development of India's ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology.

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, was an exemplary scientist, statesman, and teacher who played a pivotal role in shaping India's nuclear capabilities, missile technology, and the nation's space endeavours. Kalam breathed his last on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at IIM-Shillong.

APJ Abdul Kalam Early Life and Education

• Rameswaram roots: Dr. Kalam hailed from a modest background in Rameswaram. His father, Jainulabudeen, was a boat owner, and his mother, Ashiamma, was a housewife.
• APJ Kalam pursued a bachelor's degree in physics in 1954 fromTiruchirappalli.
• APJ Abdul Kalam received a degree in aeronautical engineering fromMadras Institute of Technology .

APJ Abdul Kalam Career

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam began a distinguished career that expertly combined science, technology, and defence, leaving an imprint on history.

• DRDO: Kalam began his career as a scientist at the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in 1960.
• After joining the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969, Kalam oversaw the development of SLV-III , India's first satellite launch vehicle.
• Project Devil and Project Valiant aimed to create ballistic missiles using the SLV program's successful technology.
• In 1982, Kalam oversaw the development of several successful missiles, including the Agni and Prithvi missiles, earning him the title of "Missile Man of India. "
• He played a significant political and technological role during the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998.
• He was the first scientist- President of India, with no political background.

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam's contributions spanned various domains, making him a symbol of India's scientific excellence and technological advancements.

Space Technology

• This achievement catapulted India into an exclusive club of space-exploring nations.
• PSLV: He was in charge of the evolution of ISRO 's launch vehicle programme, specifically the PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) configuration .

Defence and Missile Technology

• Development of ballistic missiles: Kalam oversaw the projects Devil and Valiant, which aimed to develop ballistic missiles using the technology developed for the successful SLV programme.
• IGMDP: Dr. Kalam's leadership in the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) led to the development of the Agni, an intermediate-range ballistic missile and Prithvi, a surface-to-surface missile, reinforcing India's defence capabilities.
• Despite criticism, his unwavering pursuit of scientific excellence laid the groundwork for India's nuclear and space capabilities.
• It resulted in a significant reduction in the price of coronary stents , with a price reduction of more than 50% compared to when it was previously imported.
• Kalam-Raju Tablet: In 2012, Kalam and Soma Raju collaborated on the development of a rugged tablet computer for better healthcare administration in the country's rural areas. It was known as the Kalam-Raju tablet.'
• Literature: Aside from his scientific and political contributions, Kalam was an accomplished author, having written acclaimed books such as “Wings of Fire” , “My Journey”," Indomitable Spirit", “Ignited Minds” , India 2020 and many more, which continue to inspire generations.
• He worked to empower Indian youth and encourage them to take up careers in science and technology.
• Social justice: Kalam was also a champion of social justice and equality. He worked to improve the lives of marginalised and disadvantaged groups in India.
• Technology Vision 2020: As Chairman of the Technology Information, Forecasting, and Assessment Council and an eminent scientist, he led the country with the help of 500 experts to arrive at Technology Vision 2020, which provides a road map for India's transition from developing to developed status.

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Awards and Honours

Dr. Abdul Kalam's unparalleled contributions to S&T and his dedication to advancing the nation have earned him numerous accolades and recognitions.

• Von Braun Award from the National Space Society
• Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration
• Veer Savarkar Award
• Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan
• Bharat Ratna in 1997
• He received honorary doctorates from 30 universities and institutions.
• His birthday is celebrated as "Youth Renaissance Day" in Tamil Nadu 
• The new bacteria was discovered on the filters of the International Space Station by researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who named it Solibacillus Kalamii in honour of Abdul Kalam.
• Wheeler Island , a national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island.

APJ Abdul Kalam UPSC PYQs

Question 1: "If a country is to be corruption-free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel that there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are father, mother and teacher." – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (UPSC Mains 2022)

APJ Abdul Kalam FAQs

Q1. Who was Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam?

Ans. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was an accomplished scientist renowned for his contributions to science and technology, particularly in the fields of space technology and missile development. He served as the President of India from 2002 to 2007.

Q2. What was Abdul Kalam famous for?

Ans. For his contributions to the development of ballistic missile technology, he was famously known as the "Missile Man of India." Kalam served as the Prime Minister's Chief Scientific Adviser and DRDO Secretary from 1992 to 1999.

Q3. What are Dr. Kalam's notable achievements in the field of space technology?

Ans. Dr. Kalam's notable achievements in the field of space technology include the successful development of India's SLV-III and PSLV.

Q4. Why is Kalam called the Missile Man of India?

Ans. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, the former President of India, is known as the 'Missile Man of India' for his contribution to developing India's missile projects, the Prithvi and Agni missiles. He also played a significant role in developing the first indigenous satellite launch vehicle.

Q5. Where is Abdul Kalam Island located?

Ans. Abdul Kalam Island is located off the coast of Odisha. This island is home to the integrated missile test range. The island was originally named after the English Lieutenant Wheeler, but in September 2015, it was renamed after the former President of India, Dr. Abdul Kalam.

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APJ Abdul Kalam Biography: Inventions, Achievements, Death Date, Quotes, Full Name, Education & other details

Apj abdul kalam death anniversary is being observed on july 27. know more about apj abdul kalam's  inventions, death date, achievements, education, early life, family and other details. .

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was an Indian aerospace scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born on October 15, 1931,  raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and studied Physics and aerospace engineering. APJ Abdul Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then opposition Indian National Congress party. Also referred to as ‘People’s President’, APJ Abdul Kalam returned to his civilian life of education, writing, and public service after serving only one term.

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography

APJ Abdul Kalam Early Life, Education

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1981, to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage center of Rameswaram on Pamban Island. It was then in the Madras Presidency under British India and is now in the State of Tamil Nadu.

APJ Abdul Kalam’s father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque while his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father also owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.

APJ Abdul Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. His family had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. With the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family fortune and properties were lost over time, apart from the ancestral home.

APJ Abdul Kalam Education

Apj abdul kalam as a scientist.

After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, APJ Abdul Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist after becoming a member of the Defence Research and Development Service. He started his career by designing a small hovercraft, however, remained unconvinced by his job at DRDO.

In 1969, APJ Abdul Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980.

APJ Abdul Kalam was also invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the country’s first nuclear test, Smiling Buddha, as the representative of TBRL, even though he had not participated in its development.

Get here current GK and GK quiz questions in English and Hindi for India , World, Sports and Competitive exam preparation. Download the Jagran Josh Current Affairs App .

• What is the full form of APJ in APJ Abdul Kalam? + Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam is the full name of Dr. Kalam.
• Why is Dr. APJ Abdul kalam is known as the Missile Man of India? + APJ Abdul Kalam is known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missiles and launch vehicle technology.
• Where was Dr. APJ Abdul kalam born? + Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1981 to a Tamil Muslim Family in the pilgrimage center of Rameswaram on Pamban Island.
• What are the other names given to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam? + APJ Abdul Kalam is also known as "People's President" and "Missile Man of India".
• Why is Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam famous? + Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam is the Indian scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's missile and nuclear weapon programs.
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Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Wiki, Age, Wife, Family, Death, Biography & More

Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam is the name of Knowledge, Decency, Statesmanship, Patriotism, Glory, and Inspiration. Even if, he is no longer among us, but, his name and his deeds are and always will be motivating millions of youngsters on the planet. He still lives in the hearts of the millions of Indians. His journey from selling the Newspapers to be a President of the Nation is truly more than a miracle. Being a perfect embodiment of Science, he truly deserves to be called the ‘ Missile Man of India .’ Life with simplicity and personality with high thinking were the two major weapons of Kalam to tackle the problems of life. His name will always be taken with pride in History.

Biography/Wiki

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 in a Muslim family  in Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India. Kalam was the youngest of his five siblings. His father, Jainulabdeen was the Imam of a mosque and owned a boat. His father took Hindu pilgrims from Dhanushkodi (Now, uninhabited) to Rameshwaram or vice-versa. His mother was a homemaker. His forefathers had a good business of trading grocery back and forth between Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. Moreover, they used to ferry pilgrims between mainland Tamil Nadu and Pamban Island. Therefore, the family earned the title of “ Mara Kalam Iyakkivar ” (Wooden boat-steerers). When Pamban bridge was constructed and came into operation in 1914, his family business failed and property got lost over the time. When Kalam was a child, his family was poor and Kalam used to sell the newspapers in his hometown to support his family financially.

In his early school year, Kalam was an average student but was curious to learn. He evolved his interests in Mathematics and Physics. He completed his primary and secondary education in  Schwartz Higher Secondary School , Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India. For his further education, he moved to  St. Joseph’s College , Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu where he graduated in Physics in 1954. In 1955, he enrolled at  Madras Institute of Technology to study Aerospace engineering. In Madras Institute of Technology, while working on a project, Dean was very dissatisfied with the lack of the progress of the project and threatened Kalam to revoke his scholarship. He gave Kalam a deadline of three days. Within three days, Kalam completed the project and impressed the Dean who later praised him, “I was putting you under stress and asking you to meet a difficult deadline.” Kalam narrowly missed out on achieving a dream of becoming a fighter pilot as he was placed on the ninth spot but, only eight positions were taken in the Indian Air Force.

APJ Abdul Kalam during his study in Madras Institute of Technology

Kalam was born to Jainulabiddin Marakayar (Imam) and  Ashiamma Jainulabiddin (Housewife). He had three brothers: Kasim Mohammed , Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar , Mustafa Kamal and one sister who was eldest,  Asim Zohra .

Kalam as a child with his siblings and parents

Kalam with his brother and other family members

Throughout his life, he remained unmarried.

After receiving education in Madras Institute of Technology, Kalam joined the laboratory of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) , named  Aeronautical Development Establishment . Initially, he designed a small hovercraft. Kalam was also a part of  Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) committee under the renowned Indian Space Scientist,  Vikram Sarabhai .

APJ Abdul Kalam (Left) with Vikram Sarabhai (Right)

In 1963 and 1964, Kalam visited NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility. In 1969, he was transferred to the  Indian Space Research Organisation  (ISRO).  He was appointed the project director of the first satellite launch vehicle of India, SLV III, which successfully deployed Rohini  satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980. From the 1970s to 1990s, Kalam strived hard to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle  (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which were successful. In 1974, during the first nuclear test of India, Kalam was invited  Raja Ramanna . During the 1970s, two projects;  Project Devil  and  Project Valiant were directed by Kalam to develop ballistic missiles through SLV programs. At that time, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret fund to these programs.

APJ Abdul Kalam with Indira Gandhi

From July 1992 to December 1999, Kalam was the chief scientific adviser to the Prime Minister and the secretary of  DRDO. During the Pokhran II nuclear test in 1999, he served as the Chief Project Coordinator, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram.

During the 2002 Presidential Election, he was nominated as President of India by the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) and backed by Samajwadi Party (SP) and the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP). He received the majority of the votes bagging 89% of the votes overall defeating his rival,  Lakshmi Sahgal (A revolutionary during Indian Independence Movement and a former Army officer). On 25th July 2002, Kalam became the 11th President of India.

Abdul Kalam was sworn in as President by then CJI BN Kirpal

After leaving his President Office in 2007, Kalam became the visiting professor at the IIM, Shillong, IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Indore, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, etc.

Controversies

• During his presidential tenure, he was denounced for his inaction in deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him. During his 5 years tenure, he acted only on one mercy plea.
• In 2005, Kalam took a very controversial decision to impose president rule in Bihar.
• In 2011, he was criticised for his stand on  Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant as he supported the establishment of the nuclear plant. He was denounced for not speaking with people and even he did not assure people of their safety.

Awards/Honours/Achievements

In 1981, he was awarded,  Padma Bhushan  by the government of India. In 1990, he was bestowed upon Padma Vibhushan . He was honoured by the country’s highest civilian award Bharat Ratna in 1997.

Abdul Kalam getting awarded Bharat Ratna by then President K. R. Narayanan

In 1998, he was awarded Veer Savarkar Award by Government of India. Britain’s Royal Society also awarded him the King Charles II Medal in 2007.

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam receiving King Charles II Medal from Lord Martin Rees, then President of the Royal Society

In 2009, he was given Hoover Medal by ASME Foundation, USA. In 2013, National Space Society, USA bestowed him upon  Von Braun Award .

In his honour, the UP government changed Uttar Pradesh Technical University’s name to A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University . The name of Kerala Technological University was changed to  A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technological University  after his death. In September 2015, the name of Wheeler Island, a national missile test site in Odisha was changed to Abdul Kalam Island in his honour. The name of a prominent road in New Delhi was changed from Aurangzeb Road to  Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Road .

His lifestyle was very simple. He did not own many things except some: 2,500 books, a wristwatch, a Veena, a CD Player, a laptop, 6 shirts, 3 suits, 4 trousers, and a pair of shoes, his ancestral house and a small site near the house in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.

Death Cause

On 27 July 2015, Kalam was flying to Shillong to deliver a lecture in Indian Institute of Management in Shillong. While climbing stairs of the flight, he felt unease but got well soon after taking some hour’s rest in aeroplane. When he was delivering a lecture in the class, at 6:35 pm, he collapsed. He was rushed to a nearby Bethany Hospital. He was placed in ICU. But, at 7:45 pm, he took his last breath and died of Cardiac Arrest .

His last words to his aide, Srijan Pal Singh were: “ Funny guy! Are you doing well ?.”

APJ Abdul Kalam with Srijan Pal Singh

On 30 July 2015, with full state honours, he was laid to rest at Rameswaram’s Pei Karumbu Ground . More than 3.5 lakh people attended the last rites including Narendra Modi (Incumbent Prime Minister of India).

Religious and Spiritual Views

He was a practicing Muslim. He used to offer Namaz daily and had fast during the month of Ramadan. However, he used to read Bhagavad Gita , a Hindu spiritual text also. He had respect for other faiths too. He often said, “For great men, religion is a way of making friends; small people make religion a fighting tool.”

He was very impressed by  Pramukh Swami Ji . Kalam considered Pramukh Swami Ji as his spiritual Guru. When he met Pramukh Swami Ji for the first time on 30 June 2001, he said that he was drawn to Swami Ji’s simplicity.

Abdul Kalam receiving the blessing from Pramukh Swami

Kalam described one incident of his meeting with Swami Ji. That incident took place just after the day of the terrorist attack on BAPS’ Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; he said that Swami Ji prayed for the deceased as well as terrorists and sprinkled the holy water upon the site. Kalam was inspired by Swami Ji’s calmness and compassion. Having been inspired by this incident, Kalam authored ‘ Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji. ‘

Kalam wrote Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji

Famous Books 

His bibliography includes India 2020  (1998),  Wings Of Fire (1999),  Ignited Minds  (2002), Indomitable Spirit  (2006),  Turning Points (2012), etc.

Abdul Kalam wrote India 2020

Interesting Facts

Abdul Kalam, a Book borrower

• When Kalam was only 9 or 10 years old, the Second World War started. In an interview, he revealed that he had felt the travesty of the war as it had almost reached the doors of Rameswaram.

Kalam playing Veena

• When he was in DRDO, he was the chief of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program and developed 5 missiles: Nag, Akash, Trishul, Agni, Prithvi. During this period, Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests were conducted under his guidance in which Kalam played a crucial political and technological role along with the then Prime Minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee .

Kalam was vegetarian

• During his tenure as President of India, he used to donate his all savings to an Organisation, PURA  (Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas).
• During his Presidential tenure from 2002 to 2007, he installed a Manipuri style hut at the Rashtrapati Bhavan referring it as a ‘thinking hut .’ He used to sit in this hut in morning and evening. The hut was demolished when his tenure ended.
• Media affectionately called him the “ People’s President ” when he was the President of India.
• Once he refused to sit on a special chair. According to him, he didn’t want to make himself superior to others.
• In November 2011, the United States apologised to Kalam for not following the appropriate procedures for expedited screening of dignitaries. When Kalam was on board to the USA in September 2011, he was frisked at the JFK airport.
• He was very positive in nature, in 2001, he boarded a helicopter from Ranchi to Bokaro district, Jharkhand. he was informed about some issues with the helicopter’s rotor, although, it was a death alarm for the crew of cockpit, he created a signature smile on everyone’s face and advised the pilot not to be petrified.
• Just after a day of his death, the government of Tamil Nadu announced that his birthday ’15 October’ would be celebrated as “ Youth Renaissance Day ” and state government further instituted “ Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award .”
• Throughout his life, he remained unmarried, so, he is the only bachelor president of India so far.
• In 2011, in a film titled ‘ I Am Kalam ,’  he was portrayed by a poor Rajasthani boy, Chhotu who renamed himself ‘Kalam’ in the honour of his Idol.

Narendra Modi inaugurating APJ Abdul Kalam Memorial in 2017

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Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Biography, Birth, Full Name, Awards, Death

Know about the inspiring life of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, renowned as the Missile Man of India. Learn about his early life, education, presidency, contributions to science, and his legacy. Download the biography in PDF.

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born on May 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and studied physics and aeronautical engineering. In 2002, he became India’s President After his term as President, Abdul Kalam went back to teaching, writing, and helping the public

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, was an extraordinary scientist, visionary leader, and one of India’s most beloved personalities.Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam had a fascinating journey. He started by contributing to India’s space and missile programs and later became the President of India. Dr. Abdul Kalam’s life journey serves as an inspiration to millions around the globe. In this article, we will see the biography of APJ Abdul Kalam Azad.

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam-  A Brief Introduction

Here is a brief introduction about the Dr APJ Abdul Kalam;

He hailed from a simple family and faced numerous challenges in his early life. However, he had a strong desire for knowledge and an insatiable curiosity about science and technology.

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, India’s beloved former President and eminent scientist, was born on October 15, 1931, in the island town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India. His birthday often celebrated as Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Jayanti people and especially students remember him and his contribution on the Abdul Kalam birthday.

APJ Abdul Kalam- Early life of APJ Abdul Kalam

Dr Abdul Kalam was born into a humble Tamil Muslim family in the temple city of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. His father, Jainulabdeen, was a boat owner and also served as an imam in a local mosque.  In APJ Abdul Kalam family His mother, Ashiamma, took care of the household. Among his siblings, Kalam was the youngest, with four brothers and one sister. 

APJ Abdul Kalam with his mother House of Abdul Kalam in Rameshwaram

APJ Abdul Kalam childhood was not happy as other child had despite having ancestors who were once wealthy traders and landowners, Kalam’s family faced financial difficulties. The opening of the Pamban Bridge led to significant losses in their business of ferrying pilgrims and trading groceries. Consequently, Kalam’s family struggled to make ends meet, and at a young age, he had to sell newspapers to help support them.

APJ Abdul Kalam Education

• Young Abdul Kalam had average grades in school, he was very hard working and had an immense desire to learn. He finished his secondary studies at Ramanathapuram’s Schwartz Secondary School.  
• In 1955, he graduated from Saint Joseph’s College in Tiruchirappalli with a diploma in physics. Later, he continued his education in Madras, got a diploma in aircraft engineering from the Madras Institute of Engineering. He aspired to become a military pilot but at the time he applied to the Indian Air Force (IAF) he was not selected because there were only eight slots available in the Indian Air Force, and he ended up being ninth in line.

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APJ Abdul Kalam- As a Scientist in DRDO

After graduation, he worked as a scientist for both the Defense Research Service in defense research and development organization (DRDO) in 1958 and later the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). He played a crucial role in India’s missile development program, making significant contributions to the development of ballistic missiles. He became known as the “Missile Man of India” for his significant contributions to India’s defense capabilities, particularly his work on the development of ballistic missiles like Agni and Prithvi.

Dr Abdul Kalam Biography As a Scientist in ISRO

In 1969, he moved to ISRO, where he served as the project director for India’s first satellite vehicle launch. The launch successfully placed the Rohini satellite into orbit around the Earth in July 1980.

Between the 1970s and 90s, Abdul Kalam played a crucial role in government projects, including LV and SLV. He led projects known as Project Devil and Project Valiant , aiming to develop ballistic missiles using technology from the successful SLV program. 

Kalam successfully persuaded Indira Gandhi to allocate secret funds for these aerospace projects. His expertise and research during the 1980s earned both him and the nation significant acclaim.

APJ Abdul Kalam As a Chief Executive in Integrated missile Development Programme (IGMDP)

In the early 1980s, a program called the Integrated Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) began in India. It was managed by the Ministry of Defence and run by DRDO, along with other government groups. In 1983, Kalam was asked to lead this program.

The IGMDP had strong political support and aimed to work on four projects at the same time:

• Prithvi: A short-range surface-to-surface missile.
• Trishul: A short-range low-level guided missile.
• Akash: A medium-range guided missile.
• Nag: A third-generation anti-tank missile.

Dr Abdul Kalam did a great job leading IGMDP. They successfully created different missiles, including the main Prithvi missile in 1988 and the Agni missile in 1989. Because of his success in leading IGMDP, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam earned the nickname “Missile Man.”

APJ Abdul Kalam As a Scientific Advisor

• In 1990: APJ Abdul Kalam became the Scientific Adviser to the Defense Minister.
• In 1992: Abdul Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999. 

In the late 1990s, he played a big role in the Pokhran-II, where India did five nuclear bomb tests in May 1998. After these successful tests, Kalam became a hero in the country, and the Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee said India is now a full-fledged nuclear state .

APJ Abdul Kalam As a President

In 2002, Dr. Kalam’s remarkable journey reached its zenith when he was elected as the President of India, the highest office in the country. His presidency was marked by his commitment to empowering the underprivileged and engaging with the youth of the nation. 

APJ Abdul Kalam served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. His presidency was characterized by a profound commitment to the welfare of the nation and a deep connection with the people. Kalam’s journey from being a renowned scientist to becoming the nation’s first citizen was a testament to his exceptional intellect, humility, and dedication.

During his term as President, Kalam was affectionately referred to as the “People’s President” due to his approachable and down-to-earth demeanor. He actively engaged with citizens, especially the youth, encouraging them to dream big and contribute to the development of the nation.

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Dr Abdul Kalam Role as President

APJ Abdul Kalam demonstrated his boldness and courage on this designation. One of his most courageous acts as a president was signing the “office of profit”.

• Under the English Settlement Act of 1701 in 1701, the “office of profit” indicates that no individual who is a professional setup process underneath the royal family or who has any arrangement with or is receiving a pension from the prince does have the ability to work for the “House of Commons.” This will give the royal family no influence on administrative conditions.

APJ Abdul Kalam- Award and Achievements

Throughout his career, Abdul Kalam received numerous awards and honors, including the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, for his outstanding contributions to science and technology. Some of his Awards and Achievements are:

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam- After President Tenure

Even after his tenure as President, Dr. Kalam remained an influential figure, dedicating his time to mentoring students and encouraging scientific research. He believed in the power of innovation and technology as catalysts for societal transformation. Kalam’s contributions extended beyond national boundaries, as he actively engaged in global initiatives, promoting peace, sustainable development, and international cooperation.

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography: Books Written by APJ Abdul Kalam

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam wrote numerous books and essay some of them are as follow:

• Wings of Fire
• India 2020 
• Ignited Minds
• Naa Jeevana Gamanam
• Turning Points: A Journey Across Difficulties
• Indominate Spirits
• You Are Born To Blossom

APJ Abdul Kalam Death

Tragically, on July 27, 2015, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam passed away while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management, Shillong. His sudden demise was mourned by millions worldwide, and his loss was deeply felt by the entire nation. However, his legacy lives on, inspiring generations to dream big, work hard, and contribute to the progress of society. This day is remembered as Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Death Anniversary.

Abdul Kalam Azad Legacy

APJ Abdul Kalam’s life and achievements serve as a testament to the limitless possibilities that lie within each individual. From a modest background to becoming a revered statesman, his journey reminds us that determination, knowledge, and integrity can transcend barriers and create a lasting impact. Dr. Kalam’s vision for a developed India, his love for education, and his unwavering commitment to the nation continue to inspire and guide us, urging us to strive for excellence and work towards a brighter future.

APJ Abdul Kalam as An Inspiration

Beyond his scientific accomplishments, Dr. Abdul Kalam possessed a deep sense of responsibility toward society, particularly the youth. He firmly believed that the progress and development of a nation are directly linked to the strength of its youth. 

Abdul Kalam ardently advocated for investing in education, nurturing scientific temper, and fostering an entrepreneurial spirit among the youth. He traveled extensively, delivering lectures and inspiring students across the country, emphasizing the importance of education, hard work, and moral values.

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Write a short biography of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam under the following headings: - His parentage and education - His contribution to India’s most important works - As a President of India.

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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Biography For Students and Children

4to40.com July 26, 2024 Biographies for Kids 14,961 Views

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam – Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (born 15 October, 1931 – died 27 July, 2015) is an Indian scientist and administrator who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, studied physics at the St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, and aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology, Chennai .

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Biography

Before his term as President, he worked as an Aerospace engineer with Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Kalam is popularly known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He played a pivotal organisational, technical and political role in India’s Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.

Kalam advocated plans to develop India into a developed nation by 2020 in his book India 2020. He has received several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour. Kalam is known for his motivational speeches and interaction with the student community in India. He launched his mission for the youth of the nation in 2011 called the What Can I Give Movement with a central theme to defeat corruption in India.

Early Life and Education:

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 in a Tamil Muslim family to Jainulabudeen, a boat owner and Ashiamma, a housewife, at Rameswaram, Ramanathapuram District, located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He came from a poor background and started working at an early age to supplement his family’s income. After completing school, Kalam distributed newspapers to financially contribute to his father’s income. In his school years, he had average grades, but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn and spend hours on his studies, especially mathematics. He was just a simple man with a great fierceful heart in his childhood. After completing his school education at the Ramanathapuram Schwartz Matriculation School, Kalam went on to attend Saint Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, then affiliated with the University of Madras, from where he graduated in physics in 1954. Towards the end of the course, he was not enthusiastic about the subject and would later regret the four years he studied it. He then moved to Madras in 1955 to study aerospace engineering. While Kalam was working on a senior class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with the lack of progress and threatened revoking his scholarship unless the project was finished within the next three days. He worked tirelessly on his project and met the deadline, impressing the Dean who later said, “I [Dean] was putting you [Kalam] under stress and asking you to meet a difficult deadline”. He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a fighter pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the IAF.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam: Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Government of India) as a scientist after becoming a member of the Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS). He started his career by designing a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO.Kalam was also part of the INCOSPAR committee working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist.In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in 1965.In 1969, Kalam received the government’s approval and expanded the programme to include more engineers.

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful.

Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the country’s first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as the representative of TBRL, even though he had not participated in its development. In the 1970s, Kalam also directed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the successful SLV programme. Despite the disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers under Kalam’s directorship. Kalam played an integral role convincing the Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature of these classified aerospace projects.His research and educational leadership brought him great laurels and prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to initiate an advanced missile programme under his directorship. Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and scientific adviser to the Defence Minister, worked on the suggestion by the then Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on a proposal for simultaneous development of a quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one after another. R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting the cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as the chief executive. Kalam played a major part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate range ballistic missile and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects have been criticized for mismanagement and cost and time overruns.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999. The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive political and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Coordinator, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase. Media coverage of Kalam during this period made him the country’s best known nuclear scientist.

In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost coronary stent, named the “Kalam-Raju Stent”. In 2012, the duo designed a rugged tablet computer for health care in rural areas, which was named the “Kalam-Raju Tablet”.

Presidency:

Kalam served as the 11th President of India , succeeding K. R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007. During his term as president, he was affectionately known as the People’s President.

On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture on “Creating a Livable Planet Earth” at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. While climbing a flight of stairs, he experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the auditorium after a brief rest. At around 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed. He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of life. Despite being placed in the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m IST.

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InspiringStorys

Stories Which Inspire

Life story of APJ Abdul Kalam

Here is a short story of the life of APJ Abdul Kalam in which you know the journey from selling papers to the president of India. Let’s start the story.

The full name of APJ Abdul Kalam is Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam who was born on October 15, 1931 in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.

His father Jainul Abudeen was an Imam and also a kayaker.

His mother Ashiamma was a stay-at-home mom.

As the days went by bridges were being built and Jainul Abudeen’s work was lost.

So since A.P.J Abdul Kalam was born their family does not have enough money to survive.

At a very young age, he used to sell newspapers and when he went to school the teachers admired him for her ingenuity.

A.P.J Abdul Kalam is eager to learn.

He graduated from Schwartz high secondary school and went to Tiruchirapalli where he was admitted to St. Paul’s College.

He then graduated with a degree in physics.

He then went to a technical center in Madaras where he studied Aerospace engineering .

After completing his studies he also joined aviation development.

He started his career with the construction of a small hovercraft and worked with Vikram Sarabhai.

He later joined ISRO and became the director of India’s first launch SLV III.

The vehicle put the Rohini satellite on the Earth’s orbit.

He then made Balistic missile’s in many arrow systems and earned the title of MISSILE MAN OF INDI A.

He was also present in the Pokhran program which began with the help of A.P.J Abdul Kalam .

Then came the turn of events in 2002 when he elected president.

Thus, he became the 11th president of India.

He probably received many awards such as Barat Ratna and Padma Bhushan.

He then became a professor at various universities.

In Shillong, while giving a talk, he fainted and pronounced dead at the hospital.

When the interviewer asks you have a lot of accomplishments, you have written books, you have worked as president, aerospace engineer, and professor but you like the profession af a teacher Why?

He replied that when he was a student of ten years old during World War II he was in the 5th grade and when his science teacher entered the classroom he saw the rays of knowledge about the radiation of purity of life. The way the teacher taught him, his dream was shaped. What should have been his way of life, the teacher gave him an idea of ​​his life. He went on to say that the teacher had a great opportunity to enrich minds, give them dreams and even young people would be better than the teacher. So the teacher has that opportunity.

The conclusion

We have to take inspiration from the life story of APJ Abdul Kalam because he is the only best inspiration for students.

No one can take your place and we love you and your role in this country.

If you like it then comment below.

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Write a short biography of Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam under the following headings:\ -His parentage and education -His contribution to Indias most important works. -As a President of India. [Intermediate]

Biography of dr.a.pj. abdul kalam the complete name of dr. a.p.j. abdul kalam is avul pakir jainulabudeen abdul kalam. he was born on 15 october 1931 t o jainulabudeen, a tamil muslim boat owner and ashiamma, a housewife, at rameshwaram, tamil nadu. his family was poor and he had to do assorted jobs to supplement family's income. he completed his schooling from the schwartz matriculation school at ramanathapuram. he then went on to attend the saint joseph's college at tiruchirappalli. he completed his graduation in physics in 1954 and then moved on to madras to study aerospace engineering.after graduating from madras institute of technology (mit-chennai) in 1960, kalam joined aeronautical development establishment of defence research and development organisation (drdo) as a scientist. in1969, kalam was transferred to the indian space research organisation (isro) where he was the project director of lndia's first indigenous satellite launch vehicle (slv-iii) which successfully deployed the rohini satellite in near earth's orbit in july 1980. joining isro was one of kalam's biggest achievements in life. his research and educational leadership brought him great laurels and prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to initiate an advanced missile programme under his directorship. kalam was the chief scientific adviser to the prime minister, and the secretary of defence research and development organisation from july 1992 to december 1999. kalam played a major part in developing many missiles under the mission including agni. kalam served as the 11th president of india from 25 july 2002 to 25 july 2007. kalam was the third president of india to have been honoured with a bharat ratna, india's highest civilian honour, before becoming the president. during his term as president, he was affectionately known as the people's president..