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How to Write a Two Page Essay Quickly

Last Updated: March 28, 2023 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Megan Morgan, PhD . Megan Morgan is a Graduate Program Academic Advisor in the School of Public & International Affairs at the University of Georgia. She earned her PhD in English from the University of Georgia in 2015. There are 9 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 101,219 times.

Writing a two page essay can be a daunting task. After all, writing takes specific skills and a lot of practice. If you are well-organized and have a specific plan, it can be done both successfully and quickly. College students, high school students, and people in most professions have to write from time to time (or every day). For many people, writing can be stressful. It helps to have a system in place to help make the process as efficient (and painless) as possible.

Getting Organized

• If your instructor has given you a clear prompt, decide now how you will approach the question. For example, if the given assignment is "Write an essay on the women's movement. Was it successful?", you will need to decide which side you are going to take. Once you narrow your focus, your essay will be much easier to organize.
• If you have a much broader assignment, it will be up to you to focus your topic. For example, if your assignment is "Write about something that interests you", you will not want to make the topic of your essay "Sports," especially for a short two-page essay. Choose a very specific topic, such as "Tailgating in the American South."

• It's unlikely that you will need further research for a two-page paper, but if you aren't sure about the requirements, ask your teacher.

Drafting Your Essay

• For example, if you're supposed to write a two-page essay about something that interests you, think about who your audience is (and how much explaining you'll have to do), what is the most relevant information, and why your topic is interesting to you.
• Branching is another technique you can use while creating your thesis. Try to imagine your topic as a tree. Write your basic idea in the middle of your paper, and then "branch" out from there, adding ideas and thoughts to your central topic.
• Another approach to try is brainstorming. To do this, write down anything and everything you know or need to know about your topic. Don't edit yourself, just get some thoughts down on paper. Once you can see your ideas, they will start to take shape. It's often helpful to do this before you try to write a formal outline, as you'll have a better idea of what you want to cover.

• For example, if you were writing an essay about college sports, a poor thesis would be, "College sports are very controversial in many ways." This is too vague, and it does not clearly take a position to argue. It will leave your reader wondering what argument you are making in your essay.
• An example of a strong thesis for the same topic might be, "College athletes should be paid a salary for playing their sport." This is more successful because it indicates the topic you will address. It's also limited enough that you can adequately discuss it in a two-page paper.

• You don't necessarily need to do a formal outline to start with. Brainstorming or making a list-type outline, where you list out ideas that are related to your topic without putting them in a specific order, can help you know what you want to write about.
• Once you have listed the ideas that support your thesis, you'll have a better sense of how to organize them.

• Note that not all teachers prefer or even accept this type of thesis, which is often referred to as a "multi-prong" or "three-prong" thesis. However, this type of thesis is often appropriate for very short writing assignments such as a two-page essay. If you're not sure what your teacher's preferences are, ask before you begin writing.
• It's helpful to list specific examples in your outline, so that you know what evidence you have for each point. This can also be helpful to show you whether you have gaps or imbalances in your approach. For example, do you have just one example for one point, but three for another point? It would be better to use roughly the same number of examples per point, or even see if the less-supported point could be incorporated elsewhere.

• One type of citation is known as parenthetical documentation. For this method, you provide information about the source within the text of your essay. An example of this would be, "Brown argues that Einstein's theory of relativity is the most important scholarly achievement of the twentieth century (292)." The name Brown refers to the author of the book in this example, and 292 is the page number where this information is found. There are different ways to cite various sources, so make sure you know how to properly credit all of the sources you plan to use. [1] X Research source
• Sometimes you may be asked to use footnotes or endnotes. While less common in brief essays, some teachers and bosses prefer them. Footnotes and endnotes include more thorough information about the source used. Often, when they replace parenthetical documentation, a Works Cited page is not required. [2] X Research source

Writing Your Essay

• Make sure that each body paragraph has a topic sentence . This sentence makes it clear to your reader what each paragraph is about. For example, if you were writing an essay about the labor force during World War II, you might say, "Women were an important part of the workforce in World War II because they learned new jobs that were previously reserved only for men."
• Include specific supporting examples in each body paragraph. For instance, if you were writing an essay about the labor force during World War II, you might say, "Many women became welders during World War II, which illustrates that gender roles in the workplace were changing."

• Start off with a broad contextual statement, but don't make it so broad as to have no relevance. Statements that begin like "Throughout history" or "In modern society" are "fluff" statements and don't provide any real context for your argument.
• A good way to think of your introduction is as an inverted pyramid. Start with the broad statement that sets the scene, and then narrow down until you reach your thesis.
• Include your thesis statement at the end of the conclusion.
• Spend some time on your first sentence. It should be interesting and grab the attention of your reader. Try starting with a fascinating example or an exciting quotation.
• Use your conclusion to tie together the strands of your argument. In some cases, such as persuasive essays , it's appropriate to include a call to action. You can also return to an anecdote or theme you brought up in the introduction to give your paper great symmetry.

• Watch out for the passive voice. Beginning writers often use the passive voice because it's wordier, which may be mistaken for "fancier." Here's an example of the passive voice: "It is believed by many that today's growing social violence is being caused by video games." Be verbs are often signs of passive voice. Reword it actively this way: "Many people blame video games for today's growing social violence." This is a clear grammatical order: People (subject) blame (verb) video games (direct object).
• Avoid wordy constructions such as "It is believed that" or "This is suggestive of that." You can communicate these ideas more clearly and concisely: "People believe that" or "This suggests that."

• Some short essays may be more appropriate in the first-person, using "I." If you've been assigned to write a personal or persuasive essay, the first-person voice is often more personal and effective than using third-person.
• Aim for parallel structure in sentences. Often, sentences end up sounding clunky if you ignore parallel structure. For example: "Paying college athletes is more important than to give them scholarships." Convert the infinitive "to give" to the gerund form "giving" for parallelism: "Paying college athletes is more important than giving them scholarships."

• Here are some examples of transition words: similarly, in comparison, as a result, otherwise. During the editing process, you can try using several variations to see which best fits your style of writing. [8] X Research source

Editing Your Essay

• Be aware that the "grammar check" in word processors is often incorrect about issues, and may even suggest changes that make your writing incorrect. Don't rely only on technology.

• There are several methods for creating a title. One idea is to begin your title with a question, such as "How..." or "Why...". Another method is to choose a specific example that occurs within your paper and use that as a starting point for your title. [10] X Research source

Community Q&A

• Take a break if you need to. Writing takes a lot of practice! Ask for help if you need it, and just keep practicing and editing. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/parenthetical-versus-narrative
• ↑ https://www.trentu.ca/academicskills/documentation-guide/chicago-style/footnotes-and-endnotes
• ↑ https://writingcenter.uagc.edu/body-paragraphs
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/introductions/
• ↑ https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines
• ↑ https://www.tacoma.uw.edu/sites/default/files/2021-05/accs_elements-and-structure-of-an-essay_rev2016.pdf
• ↑ https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/style-and-usage/list-transition-words.html
• ↑ https://researchguides.uic.edu/c.php?g=252299&p=1683205
• ↑ https://writing.umn.edu/sws/assets/pdf/quicktips/titles.pdf

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Introduction This study analyze the developmental trend of a child in a family divorce. The primary research methodology will be a survey of existing cases, and an analysis of experiments that have been carried out earlier to confirm specific theories. The main limitation in the course of research is the...

Nicotine Addiction and Tobacco Control

Bush, A., Ferkol, T., Valiulis, A., Mazur, A., Chkhaidze, I., Maglakelidze, T. & Valiulis, A. (2021). Unfriendly fire: how the tobacco industry is destroying the future of our children. Acta Medica Lituanica, 28(1), 6. Web. This article sought to provide a summary of the harms caused by cigarettes. The major...

Tsunami Resilience Plan for Seaside

Any tsunami is a dangerous event that can take many people’s lives and deal much damage to buildings and structures in the area of effect. Citizens of coastal cities should be ready for such an occasion to save themselves in case of an earthquake strong enough to create a tsunami....

• Ancient History
• Advertising

Risk Management in Companies Regarding Covid-19

Executive Summary The current situation posed by Covid-19 has forced some companies to advise their employees to work from home. Most of the work done is therefore managed virtually with online meetings being the order of the day. The adoption of this method by company management exposes some of the...

Military Bases on Okinawa: Impact on Economy

The Japan-US relations have been a complex issue for a long period of time. The problems based on the idea of the American military bases on the territory of Japan, Okinawa in particular, caused a number of discussions as it had a certain impact on the country’s economic and political...

Knowledge and Perception of Registered Nurses: Annotated Bibliography

Alhamidi, S., Alshahwan, M., & Tumala, R. (2021). Knowledge and perception of registered nurses regarding the scope of practice of speech-language pathologists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 1–11. Web. The purpose of the study was to ascertain what registered nurses (RNs) knew and believed about speech-language...

How to Create a YouTube Channel for Beginners

The given report is focused on the video titled “How to Create a YouTube Channel for Beginners (Step-by-step tutorial)” uploaded by the Think Media channel. The channel Think Media has 2.17 million subscribers and is focused on providing weekly tips and tools for building online influence. The structure and format...

Discussion of Youth Services Provide Care

How Youths End Up in Care In Alberta, Ontario, and Manitoba, youth services provide care to youths between 18-29 years old and under the care of directors. The following conditions must be satisfied for youth to end up in such care provision units in these three provinces. Firstly, the youths...

The Portrayal of the Roman Emperor Commodus: Annotated Bibliography

Abbey, Ettal. Historia Augusta. 117. The primary source that is relevant to the topic is The Historia Augusta, a collection of biographies of Roman emperors written during the late 4th century CE. The section on Commodus provides insight into his reign and character, as well as the political and social...

Sustainable Supply Chain Management Concepts Application

Triple Bottom Line Supply chain management is a field that is continuously experiencing the influence of new trends, and sustainability is one of the most recent ones. Sustainable supply chain management refers to the practice of embracing a holistic view of all factors involved in supply chain processes taking into...

Voter Suppression in the United States: Annotated Bibliography

Duignan, B. (2021). Voter suppression. Britannica. Web. This article is devoted to voter suppression in US history and politics. In this work, the author reveals the manifestations, causes, and ways to deal with this problem since the end of Reconstruction and up to the present. Particular attention is paid to...

The Shadow Effect of Human Trafficking

Amelia, S., Maria, S., Roy, J., Darma, D. C., & Pusriadi, T. (2019). Underground economy: The shadow effect of human trafficking. LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences, 5(1), 137–153. Web. In light of the difficulties inherent in combating and resolving human trafficking in Indonesia, Amelia et al. (2019) provide...

A Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography on Substance Use and Abuse

Finding helpful material on how to conduct research and the effects of substance misuse was made more accessible by using ProQuest, ERIC, and Google Scholar and comparing their functionalities. Considering its comprehensive record, Google Scholar is the best search tool available. Nonetheless, toggling between the three different search engines facilitated...

• Mental Health
• Comparative Literature
• Corporation

Selecting a Business Law Attorney

Selecting an attorney is an important question as it influences the results of possible lawsuits and the firm’s ability to survive. For this reason, several factors should be given special attention. First, the lawyer’s expertise and experience should be considered as a veteran has more chances to succeed (Cheeseman, 2018)....

Reflection on Photography: An Art Piece or Mass Entertainment?

Photography has become a true art like cinema, theatre, sculpture, and others. However, it has its own particularities: for example, it is possible to immortalize no more than a second, and there is no way to make any changes in the shot. What is more, it is necessary to mention...

Healthy Sleep Analysis and Recommendations

Healthy sleep is one of the most significant factors affecting people’s productivity and quality of life. Its duration has an impact on numerous things – from behavior to ability to work and health state. Changes in sleep quality and its duration have inevitable repercussions connected with health’s psychological and physical...

Amazon: Data Collection and OIP

The existing problem that significantly affects Amazon is the emergence of multiple rivals because of the growing popularity of online services, their convenience, and, at the same time, poor management of the Internet market. The majority of strategies implemented and utilized by Amazon demonstrated limited efficiency and were unable to...

Food Insecurity Intervention and Its Effectiveness

We planned to provide lunches for children of five families and education for their parents on the prevention of heart diseases. We expected to contact the Florida Association of Food Banks (FAFB) and Feeding South Florida (FSF) to provide lunches for the children for six months and conduct face-to-face consultations...

DNA Fingerprinting Technology: Description and Use

The sphere of biology is constantly developing as researchers and scientists around the world make new discoveries and create new technological solutions which benefit the entire humanity. One of the most notable breakthroughs of the past decades was the creation of genetic fingerprinting, which enabled biotechnology to make considerable progress....

Karl Marx’s Critique of Capitalism

The School of Life’s video on Karl Marx provides a comprehensive look at the influential philosopher’s critique of capitalism and its inherent problems. While Marxism has often been criticized for its association with dictatorial regimes, it is crucial to consider the valuable insights Marx offers in understanding the shortcomings of...

Ebola Virus: Definition and Biological Classification

Definition Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is an acute natural focal zoonotic viral infection characterized by febrile intoxication syndrome, phenomena of universal capillary toxicosis with a severe hemorrhagic syndrome, multiple organ lesions, and a high mortality rate. According to the antigenic properties of glycoproteins (GP), there are five types: Bundibugyo ebolavirus...

Marketing Strategy for Hair Care Company

The current key sources of growth within worldwide hair care industries relies on the expansion of middle class clients. The U.S. is currently home to at least 84,000 establishments that provide hair care either through beauty salons or barber shops (Dun & Bradstreet, 2021). Though the industry is noticing continuous...

The Concept of Respect as the Foundation of the Social System

Respect is one of the basic concepts that serve as the foundation of our world’s social framework. It is an essential element of personal and professional relationships because it builds mutual trust and affection. There are different ways in which it is possible to express respect, such as being attentive...

• Intelligence

Analysis of the Energy Consumption Coefficient

Introduction Energy consumption of the buildings strongly depends on the shape of the envelope surface and the size and shape of the windows. Originally, more complex shapes are regarded as the shapes with less efficient energy consumption, while buildings of simpler shapes are featured as the buildings with more effective...

Endomitosis in Drosophila Virilis

Background & Purpose Endomitosis is a variant of the cell cycle that leads to the production of up to a thousand copies of the genome. During this process, the cell does not divide but the chromosomes increase in size as the number of copies of genes increases. The purpose of...

Stock Ticker Symbol: Financial Management of the Company

Introduction The conducted research indicates that the selected company faces several issues in managing the financial health. The company’s balance sheet and income statements reveal that the last three years have been less profitable for the company, as revenue statements and net income statements are decreasing from year to year....

Communication Climate in an Organization

Since communication plays a central role in any organization’s operations, it is essential to ensure the presence of a supportive communication climate to foster employee commitment and satisfaction. As an employee in John Doe Corporation, which is a large international business, I find the climate in my team extremely supportive...

Sources of Literature in Nursing Problems

Nursing problems have greatly affected most health care systems in various countries. This is evident in both high-income countries and low-income countries. This paper seeks to find out whether the 15 articles have done the following: clearly identified and stated the problem, the nature of the issue of concern and...

Gravestones: Archeological Analysis and Review

Abstract Gravestones are found in every region across the world. This paper uses several headstones to explain how they can give adequate information about people’s historical, sociological, economic, and economic past. The discussion offers meaningful insights that can guide archeologists to learn more about every society’s history. Detailed Review Wearne...

Portfolio Construction: Choosing a Suitable Investment Option

Managing an investment project in the environment of the global economy is fraught with numerous risks. Primarily, the possibility of a crisis deserves to be mentioned. Herein the need to adopt the strategies aimed at investing in developing entrepreneurship lies. Objectives The key objective of the specified portfolio concerns increasing...

Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby”: Gatsby’s Impossible Dream

Introduction In The Great Gatsby, the story concerns a mysterious character named Jay Gatsby. He is exceptionally wealthy, hosting parties at his manor attended by many people, “few [of whom were] actually invited” (Fitzgerald, 1925, p. 45). No one seems to know how he came to be that rich, and...

Comparative Analysis of Net Income and Cash Flows

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the differences between cash flow and net income comparing two years of functioning of the company in 2008 and 2009. The first line of the table is an illustration of the fact that net income raised by 1.3 in 2009 about the...

Reliability of Computers in Stock Exchange Market

Computer trading in the stock exchange market has come to replace floor trading which is much slower. Orders are currently being processed much faster and the system is deemed to be more efficient. This system is observed to respond in milliseconds as compared to a slower rate if it were...

• Accountancy

Wonder Woman, Panorama and Suicide Squad: Advertisements Assessment

This paper aims to provide personal and technical reasons why I like the discussed advertisements, as well as analyze them from various important perspectives about effective advertisements and campaigns. The first advertisement under analysis is the TV spot of the Wonder Woman 1984 movie that is premiering this year on...

Efficiency Improvement Tool of Work Effectiveness

Introduction Work effectiveness is often regarded as the crucial moment for assessing the business performance rates and principles. The calculation of throughput rate and efficiency is required for defining the most effective efficiency improvement tool. Therefore, the application process cycle calculations will be the basis of defining the effectiveness of...

Servant Leadership: Management Style in Nursing

Research Question Within the scope of nursing, does servant leadership contribute to the significant performance of a team more than the other approaches? Tentative Claim/Thesis (Situated in a Valid Debate) Healthy relationships within a team are vital to productive work and depend on the managerial approach of the leader –...

Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines: Lung Cancer

Credibility The evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) developed by Detterbeck, Mazzone, Naidich, and Bach (2013) target early detection of lung cancer in patients based on screening tools and techniques suggested by the recent literature. The mentioned guidelines were developed by scholars from the American College of Chest Physicians, while the...

Popular American Beer in Statistical Data Analysis

Executive Summary This paper supplies the results of a descriptive statistical analysis of data related to 71 best-selling brands of beer in the U.S. in 2007. The data is comprised of information about alcohol percentage, the number of calories, and the number of carbohydrates (in grams) per 12 ounces of...

Nine West Company Information Analysis

Personal and impersonal communication has a great impact on the brand and influences consumers in different ways: it shapes their tastes and views, knowledge about the product and its perception (Lance and Woll, p. 34). The main paid impersonal communication tools used by Nine west are billboards, radio and television...

Justin Trudeau in India: Textual Analysis of a Photo

Justin Trudeau is the Prime Minister of Canada and recently a controversial figure in media. He has a habit of wearing the national clothing of the host nation when visiting. This is often seen as insensitive or offensive by commenters. However, multiple photographs of him are available from such visits,...

Mash-Up Technique in Art

A mash-up technique as an approach to art creation provides a lot of opportunities for an artist to use existing materials and rearrange their parts, thus reinterpreting reality. The advancement of technology and popular culture, as well as the development of media editing software, “have enabled a paradigmatic shift in...

Health and Care Excellence in Depression Management

Ethical Considerations for DNP Projects PICOT: in community clinic nursing staff, how does the introduction of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016a) guidelines within ten weeks affect the accuracy of diagnosing and quality of managing depression in the older population as compared to the staff’s performance before the...

Hypothesis Testing: Number of Defective Flash Drivers

Introduction Creating the environment, in which consistent quality improvement becomes a possibility, is imperative for the contemporary entrepreneurship. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the current production process, including the repeatability and the reproducibility levels needs to be carried out (Liu, 2014). In the context of the identified scenario, one will...

• Nursing Theory

Video Games and Aggression in Statistical Analysis

If there is a correlation between two variables that tends to be close to linear (that is, if one variable changes, the other also does so), this tendency can be demonstrated on a Cartesian coordinate system by drawing a straight line to which the data points converge. How scattered the...

Society’s Dynamics from Sociological Perspectives

The structural-functional perspective is a sociological theory that views society as a complicated system where components cooperate to generate solidarity and stability. It posits that social systems, which are generally constant patterns of social conduct, control our lives (Gaur). People’s lives are shaped by social institutions, such as our families,...

The Abnormal Psychology Case of Billy Milligan

Introduction Billy Milligan is a man known for his multiple personality diagnosis. His case is causing much controversy as to whether his mental disorder was real, or whether it was a way to get away with his crimes. 24 subpersonalities of Milligan are described, 10 of which were the main...

Web Evlauation – Website of the Internet Mental Health Organization

A Brief Description We chose the website of the Internet Mental Health Organization. This website is dedicated to all the individuals in society, trying to inform them regarding mental health disorders, prevention, and consequences. More specifically, this website is directed to that target group, population, which has experienced (or is...

Program Audit and Evaluation: A Theory

Abstract The human society has always tried to find ways to control its activities and be sure about the proper ways in which resources are used. The most adequate ways that have been found to this day include the procedures of program evaluation and audit. Being the processes of monitoring...

Loitering Laws: A Focus on Florida and Their Impacts

Introduction Loitering is defined as the act of lingering in a public location for a lengthy period for no apparent reason. The loitering laws in Florida, 856.021, makes it illegal for anybody to linger or roam in a location, at a time, or in a manner not typical of law-abiding...

Healthcare Manager’s Responsibilities in the Management of Human Resources

The position of health manager is one of utmost importance in human resources management. Ensure that employees and their families remain healthy and that their well-being is taken care of, which are the responsibilities of a health manager. The health manager has to ensure that the organization’s healthcare system is...

Gender Inequality in “The Yellow Wallpaper”, “A Rose for Emily”, and “Trifels”

Introduction This research paper focuses on analyzing three texts: A Rose for Emily, written by William Faulkner, The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and Susan Glaspell’s Trifles. All of the above works are prime examples of classic feminist literature and demonstrate the problem of gender inequality from a historical...

“Crime and Punishment” by Dostoevsky: Analysis of the Work

The novel Crime and Punishment written by Fyodor Dostoevsky concentrates on the moral issues and highlights the urgent problems of society in the nineteenth century. The protagonists of the novel embody different features of characters who find comfort through redemption. In addition, the novel presents the reader with a great...

Psychoanalytic Theories and Their Differences

In psychoanalysis, there are many theories, on the basis of which therapists successfully build their practice. However, those that lose their level of relevance and cease to be trendy, as it happened with the teachings of Z. Freud, are among them. Moreover, there are often contradictions and mutual exclusions between...

• Globalization

The History and Work of Merce Cunningham

Merce Cunningham was a well-known American director and performer. He began his dance career in the twentieth century as an associate of Martha Graham’s company (“Merce Cunningham”). He established the Merce Cunningham Dance Company, which rose to prominence for its avant-garde style of choreography (“Merce Cunningham”). This paper will look...

Entrepreneurial Managers vs. Administrators

Outline The differences between the focus areas of entrepreneurial managers and administrators are the subject matter of this paper. It is seen that while entrepreneurs are the fund providers and risk bearers, administrators are concerned with assigning work and eliciting performance. Fundamentally the differences lie in risk bearing and conflict...

Plato’s View of Art: Philosophies of Art and Beauty

Plato was known for being concerned about society and its morals. He knew that art had a great influence on the youths, which is why he expressed some concerns. The philosopher feared that certain negative influences depicted in it could have a negative impact on people. This is why the...

Alzheimer’s Disease: The Case Study

The patient described in this paper is my family member, who has experienced Alzheimer’s for the last three years. It is a 69-year-old man suffering from memory, language, comprehension, and reasoning impairment, which makes him vulnerable during interactions with the outer world. The laboratory test results include an MRI scan...

Concrete- and Formal-Operational Periods of Cognitive Development

Introduction Human intelligence is determined by both genetic and environmental factors, whose influence can vary in different life cycles. Operational and formal-operational periods are two critical stages of intellectual development in which genetics and environmental factors play various roles. Let us analyze these two periods and examples of their differences,...

The Global Impacts of Corruption

Corruption, which is the abuse of power for personal gain, has long been a global issue that affects both developed and developing countries. It is a problem that undermines the rule of law, hinders economic growth, and erodes public trust in institutions. The negative impact of corruption on a global...

Ensuring Safety for Health Facility Personnel

Introduction Ensuring safety for health facility personnel is critical as they are at the forefront of disease control. In the context of epidemics and pandemics, the number of threats is growing, and administrations must take additional security measures. Nurse managers play a significant role in safety, as their responsibilities include...

Morality: Interpreting Good and Evil in Beowulf

Introduction The confrontation of good and evil is a common theme in fictional literature. The author uses narration to introduce heroes and villains to readers, prompting them to elaborate on the morality and justification of the character’s actions. In the case of Beowulf‘s characters Beowulf and Grendel, the distinction between...

Breast Cancer and Exercise. Article Summary

Type of Study The article is a primary research study focusing on the impact of supervised exercise on cancer survivors after treatment. It focuses on how exercise can be used to deal with various side effects experienced by cancer survivors after treatment. The research study draws conclusions from its findings...

Medicaid and Medicare: Benefits for Florida

Federal medical assistance programs are implemented to guarantee decent medical care and treatment of the part of the country’s population that needs this type of assistance. Among the most widespread are Medicaid and Medicare, which are sponsored by the government and have high enrollment rates throughout the United States. The...

• American Revolution
• Substance Abuse
• Climate Change

Business Markets and Consumer Markets

The business market consists of all the companies that purchase goods and services to reproduce them or generate other products or services that are sold, rented, or distributed to others. On the other hand, consumer markets are directed towards individuals and households. In light of this, business markets require separate...

Factors Requiring Market Research

Market research involves identifying or analyzing opportunities that are available in the marketing environment. According to Kotler (2003), this research is performed in a view to identify customer’s needs and taste which forms a foundation for the production of an optimum marketing mix. Since markets constantly change towards maturity, research...

Five Competing Marketing Philosophies

Marketing entails making products that are desired by a certain section of the target population or consumer. Marketing has been viewed as an ongoing dynamic process involving a set of interacting activities dealing with a market offering by producers to consumers on the basis of reliable marketing anticipation (sales or...

The Effects of Genetic Modification of Agricultural Products

Genetically altered foods have recently become a subject of heated discussion among scientists, politicians, and journalists. It is hypothesized by some that such products may constitute a significant threat to the health of the global population, while others reject these misgivings and argue this is just a new stage in...

Adolescent Immunizations: Issues and Policies

The article addresses the problems of immunization coverage and current policies aimed to expand immunization among adolescents. The authors state that many groups of children are at risk because they do not receive immunization and related services. The study shows that it is possible to improve immunization coverage of adolescents...

How Sympathetic Is Heathcliff’s Character in Wuthering Heights?

The story of Heathcliff, an enigmatic and vengeful ‘Byronic hero’ of Wuthering Heights, unravels in front of the reader as the novel progresses. The gypsy-like child faces the challenges of growing up as a hated outsider within his own adopted family, developing into a bitter and, ultimately, miserable man. Heathcliff’s...

The Influence of Reading on Our Life

Reading of great books has, all through the ages, been recognized as the most powerful contributor to the development of an individual’s personality. The great thinkers and the philosophers of the world have often identified the role of good books as an influential reformer of personal life and attitude. One...

Eating Habits and Dietary Acculturation

Food and culture are closely related, as every nation looks first at what is valuable to their body. Food habits are fixed based on environment and values and can be changed in unfamiliar conditions. Acculturation and acceptance of other people’s experiences affect how cultural patterns develop in society. The purpose...

The Film “Citizen Kane”: Scenes Analysis

The film “Citizen Kane” opens with somber chords, and, on a misty hill, we see the jagged silhouette of a castle. The scene is reminiscent of a gothic film, in which such a castle belonged to a mysterious creature. The next scene transports the viewer into the castle when a...

The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat Quote Analysis

Introduction The story “The Man who Mistook His Wife for a Hat” by Oliver Sacks is a rather interesting tale of a man who suffers from some form of the neurologic condition resulting in him being unable to look at the entirety of a particular object but rather on its...

• Western Civilization
• African American

Recognizing Defensive Postures at the Workplace

When people feel vulnerable or threatened, they often take defensive positions of the body, which can help them protect themselves from danger. However, these positions can manifest themselves in business situations, making communication and teamwork difficult. As a manager, it is essential to recognize these defensive positions and understand how...

The Driving License Ban for People Under 21

There is an opinion that young people must be 21 years old before getting a driving license. The main argument for this position is that maximum maturity occurs at the age of 21, when people can be fully responsible for their actions. A counterargument is the fact that some children...

Over Tourism and Its Negative Effects

Introduction Over tourism is a phenomenon faced by major tourist destinations around the world. The development of contemporary technologies, transportation infrastructure, population increase, style tendencies, and the emergence of low-cost air carriers have expanded the availability of travel and contributed to the growth of the tourism industry, including in emerging...

Preferred Stock vs. Common Stock for Investors

Securities play an essential role in the structure of the market economy, as they are an analog of money in the form of a document. Possession of them gives the right to receive a certain amount of funds or certifies property ownership. One type of security is stocks, which provide...

Construction Project Implementation

The investment and construction process is a complex chain of different stages of investment and payback of finances in the creation of architectural commissions. With all the variety of needs and demands in this field, directors usually have a few basic steps in their decision-making process. The main one is...

Interprofessional Collaboration in Mental Healthcare

In this study paper, Maehder et al. evaluated the efficacy of a collaborative and stepped care (CSC) approach for patients suffering from common mental illnesses. In this context, the authors carried out a prospective randomized controlled study in primary care that was clustered and directed by the Collaborative and Stepped...

Unveiling the Layers of Diversity: Surface vs. Deep-Level Diversity

Introduction Many companies are trying to adhere to the principles of diversity in the workplace, as it helps to bring new ideas into the activity and meets the rules of ethical attitude to co-workers of different races, genders, etc. Even though diversity is already becoming commonplace, the stereotypical mindset of...

The Berlin Wall and Importance of Its Fall

Introduction The Berlin wall was a physical barrier that was constructed by Germany in 1961. The wall was located between West Berlin and East Germany and was a symbolic boundary between the communist and the democratic. As a result, it hindered the immigration of people into West Berlin which was...

Impact of Anti-Racism Campaigns in English League Football

Despite the efforts to eliminate the phenomenon of racism from the sociocultural context of the contemporary global environment, it persists and continues to produce a detrimental effect on lives of racial minorities. Racism trickles into every facet of people’s lives, causing members of ethnically and racially diverse communities to experience...

The Role and Responsibility of Media in Modern American Society

The media plays an essential role in the information space in modern American society. Traditional news and social media have a vast audience that informs about current events and trends. However, there has been a growing interest in how accurate and reliable the information provided by the media is. Traditional...

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2 Page Essay Writing Guide with Example

The average length of your school essay is around two pages. It usually contains 600-700 words. Hence, not too much space left for creative thought in 2 page essay examples you may find. It is essential to be able to express your thoughts comprehensively and coherently .

Sounds intimidating? Don’t worry, for we will talk about the peculiarities of writing a two-page essay. Most importantly, there will be a sample essay here in the guide for your reference.

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Our best tutors described all specifics of writing short essays in 500 Words Essay Guide with advanced tips for time-saving. If you gotta get fast and just do you two pages done, just continue reading!

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   What does a Two-Page Essay Look Like?

A two-page essay generally contains the following elements:

• A thesis statement at the end of the introductory paragraph
• Transition words
• Facts and examples
• Introduction, body, and conclusion
• Citations and references list (if the essay requires research)

Of course, we should not forget that an essay should be easy to read. It should not sound too technical with deep words and complex sentence structure.

   Two-Page Essay Outline

1 introduction.

Here are its objectives:

• To attract your readers’ attention.
• To state the topic and subtopics you will cover in the content.
• To provide context and background information on the topic.

Take note: Don’t forget to write the thesis statement as you close your introduction.

This is the “meat” of your essay. Therefore, you should do the following:

• Support your thesis with two to four arguments.
• Arrange those arguments logically.
• Provide evidence and analysis.

3 Conclusion

The concluding paragraph is often underestimated by students. The conclusion should be:

• A summary of your main ideas with a powerful closing statement.

Take note: Your thesis statement should be reasserted in conclusion.

   Two-Page Essay Example

People throughout history have been worried about the emergence of new technological innovations. The invention of the printing press during the 16th century induced the fear that the human brain cannot cope with information overload. With the age of the internet, an individual will get the same fears that he or she hears today in the media. In fact, it has made both positive and negative effects on the functions of the human brain. The internet allows an individual to find a plethora of content, reading materials, and websites at the click of a button. Unfortunately, some content indexed by the internet may be harmful to an individual’s brain and mental health. For example, a person can become addicted to online casinos and poker websites. However, it is difficult to completely blame these gambling websites for causing addiction amongst its users.

Browse and download 2 page essay examples from the most full and up to date Free Online Essay Database at Homework Lab . All the examples of college essays have been donated by the students & verified by our Geeks to boost your writing creativity.

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Nevertheless, the internet enables people to quickly access information at any period of time. The brain optimally analyzes incoming sensory information whether a person watches a group of children playing in the park or a video online. Notably, the human brain does not handle every information coming from the senses. Instead, it is filtered and selected from the person’s past experiences . One must note— however— that the brain is perfectly adapted to cope with information overload, as it has built protection mechanisms against the latter. Moreover, constant access to information online may cause a person’s memory to deteriorate. It should be taken into account that the human memory system is arranged differently. Unconscious processes are the facade of the said system. In that regard, events that have emotional resonance or significance are easier to store in memory in contrast to abstract information or facts. However, the way it affects the development of the brain is unclear. Constant repetition of certain actions and experience are reflected in the structure of the brain. For instance, the cerebral cortex of experienced musicians— a region in the cerebrum responsible for motor skills and memory— differs greatly from other people. It can be gleaned that understanding information helps develop a person’s memory. Alternatively, some studies suggest that an important stimulus for brain development is the diversity of incoming data. In this case, comprehending fascinating information from the internet is much better than learning empty facts and figures. However, even web pages are usually overloaded with information to which an individual ’s short-term memory cannot cope with it. This may have a side effect on a person ’s memory system. Apparently, there is no clear perspective of the issue. A human being’s attention system is complex, as scientists have not established a common ground on how it functions. To begin, there are two-level attention systems — namely the conscious and the unconscious. The former “manages” attention, while the latter is responsible for processing important information coming from a person’s senses. These two-level systems allow an individual to concentrate on a difficult task. Hence, this explains why some people like to listen to music while working. Otherwise, they would be distracted, in which it would prevent them from solely concentrating on their tasks at hand. The internet, however, is capable to easily distract a person. For instance, an individual can easily access an engaging or entertaining content in a matter of seconds. This poses a problem considering that computers are used for work and leisure. Hence, this may require the person to exercise balance and self-discipline. Overall, the usage of the world wide web presently has made a profound impact on the human brain. The internet, despite its disadvantages, interestingly stimulates the functions of a person’s brain. However, self-discipline might be needed in order for people to increase their productivity at work.

Writing a two-page essay might be challenging for you (and perhaps, your other classmates) at first. But you’ll be able to write one in a jiffy with constant practice & exposure.

Besides, we also have professional Geeks to assist you anytime with your academics. Personally, I usually start with defining the best strategy to expand your topics and then help to select the best sources for the essay. Hence, a Geek may help to make your two pages intense and enriched — don’t hesitate to start!

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29924 samples of this type

A 2 page essay is a standard task frequently assigned to students of the most various courses. Despite being relatively short, two page essays should be written with the same diligence as the more solid works in order to be worth a high grade. A fresh and thought-provoking essay topic might be the first step towards success, and if you're looking for one, our open database of free samples can provide you with plenty of brilliant ideas. On the other hand, if you're assigned to a particular theme or have already chosen a good one but struggle with the writing process, our resource can benefit you, too. Hundreds of free, professionally written 2 page essays assembled here can become the flawless writing models to be guided by. Having read and analyzed a few such pieces, you'll figure what the supposed structure and contents of your own work will be like. We guarantee that with some effort applied, you will come up with a detailed outline to be developed and turned into a ready-made work.

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2 Page Essay: Examples, Topics, & Word Count. Page 2

Business code of ethics vs employees code of ethics.

• Subjects: Business Management

Code of Conduct and Ethics in School

• Subjects: Education Pedagogy

Running head: Environmental Studies

• Subjects: Environment Environmental Studies

Immaterial Labor: Informational and Cultural Content

Michel foucault on the sexuality concept.

• Subjects: Development Psychology

The Market Place: A Woman with a Child

• Subjects: American Literature Literature

“Power, Privilege, and Difference” a Book by Allan G. Johnson

• Subjects: Sociological Issues Sociology

Capital Punishment: Proponents and Opponents Arguements

• Subjects: Capital Punishment Debates Politics & Government

Security Threats in Social Sites

• Subjects: Computer Security Tech & Engineering

The Art of Failure

• Subjects: Psychological Issues Psychology

The artwork Cosa by Judi Werthein

• Subjects: Art Sculpture

Issue Analysis: Pro-social Behavior

• Subjects: Behavior Psychology

The Rise and Fall of Criminal Activity in the US: “Get Capone” by Jonathan Eig

Deceptive advertisements, the bates numbering system of document branding.

• Subjects: Data Tech & Engineering

Navigating Failure: How Bankruptcy Works?

• Subjects: Economics Financial Reporting

Lobbying and Bribery: The Fine Line between Legal and Illegal Influence

• Subjects: Business & Corporate Law Law

Drug Use by Employees

C. p. ellis, one writer’s beginnings, and the story of my body, the role of morphemes in the english language.

• Subjects: Languages Linguistics

Ethics in Public Administration: Case 2 – Paul’s Scenario

• Subjects: Ethics Sociology

The Promotion of Justice

• Subjects: Politics & Government Social & Political Theory

Globalization and Globalization as an Economic Phenomenon

“virtual students, digital classroom” by neil postman.

• Subjects: Tech & Engineering Technology in Education

The Bill of Rights: Principles and Elements

• Subjects: Human Rights Sociology

The Connection Between Drugs and Crime

• Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction Sociology

Virtual advertising and entertainment

• Subjects: Advertising Entertainment & Media

The Surprises of a Dutch Birthday

• Subjects: Culture Holidays

Literary Analysis Susan Glespell’s Trifles

• Subjects: Literature Plays

The Truman Show Movie

• Subjects: Art Film Studies

Human Obedience’ Positive and Negative Effects

The european union as an intergovernmental organization.

• Subjects: International Organizations Politics & Government

Rubber, Rise of an Essential Commodity

• Subjects: Engineering Tech & Engineering

Family Night Agenda Handout and Presentation

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Rehabilitation

Economic Analysis of Stone Crab Season

• Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles Economics

The History of Education and Progressivism

• Subjects: Education Study Courses and Education Programs

Chiefs Restaurant: Action Plan for the Cooks

• Subjects: Business Organizational Management

Design Concept for a Convention of Medical Doctors

• Subjects: Design Interior Design

SWOT Analysis of Covad Communications

• Subjects: Business Case Study

The American War of Independence

• Subjects: American Revolution Period History

Sexual Harassment at the Workplace

• Subjects: Business Workforce

Maintenance and Engineering Department for Wayward Hotel

The tort law and liability insurance system.

• Subjects: Consumer Law Law

American Patriotism: Struggle for Independence

Buddhism & hinduism: comparisons and contractions.

• Subjects: Religion World Religions

William Bradford’s personality

• Subjects: Historical Figures History

Family Versus Individual Therapy

• Subjects: Applications of Psychology Psychology

Principles of Bauhaus production

• Subjects: Design Urban Planning in Architecture

Lighting System: Incandescent or Fluorescent Lamps

• Subjects: Economics Regulation of Finance

Corporate Event: Ideal Bank Heart Dinner

• Subjects: Business Business Ethics

Understanding Legal Aspects and Current Issues of Compensation Methodologies

• Subjects: Labor Law Law

Global Population Issues and Population in the UAE

• Subjects: Geography Sciences
• Words: 1230

Title VII Fact Situations

Causes of technological and economic growth in ester boserup & lewis mumford views, federalism in united states.

• Subjects: Government Politics & Government

Simulation and Optimization Tools in Project Design

Is china’s economy another bubble, brain-based learning fundamentals.

• Subjects: Approach to Learning Education

Fireproof the Movie

• Subjects: Entertainment & Media Movies

Perspective on the Lloyd Center

• Subjects: Business Company Analysis

Policy Change to Control Ocean Dumping

• Subjects: Ecology Environment

Syncretism in the American Culture

• Subjects: Cultural Studies Culture

Human 215 Unit 3 DB: Early Periods

• Subjects: Ancient History History

Case of Ski Pro Corporation

• Subjects: Business Company Missions

Housing, Recreational Areas and Bathing Facilities Safety

Housing; safety of beach water users, scientific and pseudoscientific claims.

• Subjects: Sciences Scientific Method

Most Influential People – My Uncle Jack

• Subjects: Family, Life & Experiences Personal Experiences

Honoring Fathers: “My Papa’s Waltz” and “Those Winter Sundays”

• Subjects: Literature Poems

Philosophy and Curriculum

Body art as a decoration of human body.

• Subjects: Art Paintings

Global Conflict Likelihood

• Subjects: International Relations Politics & Government

World Literature Syllabus

• Subjects: Literature World Philosophy Literature

Concert Report: No. 2 Intermezzo by Robert Schumann

• Subjects: Art Concerts

Saatchi Gallery: My Perception of Art

• Subjects: Art Art Exhibitions

Traditional Japanese Design of Frank Lloyd Wright

• Subjects: Architects Design

Do the Benefits of Globalization Outweigh the Costs?

• Words: 1056

Latin American Social and Cultural Development

• Subjects: Philosophical Theories Philosophy

Roles That Political Parties Play and Have Played in American Politics

Generation 2010: education plans, health, habits & beliefs comparison, the moose and the sparrow.

• Subjects: British Literature Literature

Control of noise and radon gas levels

• Subjects: Air Pollution Environment

Learning a Second Language

• Subjects: Language Acquisition Linguistics

Current Conflicts in Sudan

Advantages & disadvantages of sole proprietorship.

• Subjects: Economics Taxation

Noise Control Radon UV- Radiation (BHE 1345b)

The world heath organization.

• Subjects: Administration and Regulation Health & Medicine

Adaptation and Accountability in Local Government

• Subjects: Accounting Business

Four Types of Organizational Structures in Business

• Subjects: Business Company Information

Non-existent Places: “Invisible Cities” by Italo Calvino

Hamlet, laertes, fortinbras: revenge for the deaths of their fathers.

• Subjects: Comparative Literature Literature

Karen Springen’s “Why We Tuned Out”

Maria full of grace and de nadie: immigration in terms of shots and angles, analysis of jill bolte tailor’s experience through the religious prism.

• Subjects: Religion Religious Education

Definition of Epistemology

Documentary “super size me”.

• Subjects: Documentaries Entertainment & Media

Geography Is One of the Essential Disciplines in School

Case project information security, article analysis: thoughts corrupt language and vice versa, ‘college-ready for all: preparing students for success’, oligopoly in australia: telecommunications industry, emerging issues in multicultural psychology.

• Subjects: Psychology Social Psychology Deviations

History of the Conflict Between Britain and the Colonized Nations

The enhancement of professional knowledge and abilities with apa, psychological effects of parental employment and early childcare.

• Subjects: Child Psychology Psychology

“Why We Can’t Wait” a Historical Document by Martin Luther King Jr.

• Subjects: African American Studies History

Martin Luther King’s “Letter From a Birmingham Jail”

Conflict in the mind – the non-assertive reaction, valley archive collections.

• Subjects: History United States

Psychological Disorder: Thoughts, Feelings and Actions

Friendship’s philosophical description, importance of nutrition during the infancy and toddler-hood period.

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Healthy Nutrition

Goodbye Columbus and the Differences Between People From the Different Classes of Society

I need a wife by judy brady, general motors corporation pricing strategies.

• Subjects: Business Marketing

Multicultural Education Benefits: Functioning in a Pluralistic and Egalitarian Society

• Subjects: Culture and Education Education

Charter Schools and Its Privileges

• Subjects: Education Educational Stages

Work-Related Stress: Impeding Organization’s Success

Inspection of the inn’s building and its compound.

• Subjects: Business Strategic Management

Festival in Greektown, Chicago:

• Subjects: Entertainment & Media Events

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How Many Paragraphs is a 2 Page Essay?

The length of a two-page essay is quite simple to understand. We will explain this and in less than two minutes, you will learn more information about writing a short essay that you’ve thought.

All formal writings, including academic papers require paragraphs, although this may not always be necessary.

One thing to note is that a two-page essay is a short piece of writing.

Without wasting too much time, let’s dive straight into it. In order to understand how many paragraphs are there in two pages, we need to look at what a paragraph is.

What is a paragraph?

A paragraph is a comprehensible unit of multiple sentence that deal with a particular central claim, idea, or argument. Although it can be a single sentence, in academic writing, the recommended least number of sentences in one paragraph is 3.

Good essays have a minimum of 3 paragraphs.

These should form the foundation for how many paragraphs will go into a two page paper.

A 2-page essay is 6 paragraphs long if each full page is meant to contain 300 words. At the same time, in places where a single page is 250 words, this will come down to 5 paragraphs. It is important to understand that the context of 2 pages can vary depending on your learning institution.

In a 2-page paper, there will be approximately 4-6 paragraphs, and in a 5-page essay, there will be between six and twelve paragraphs. It becomes increasingly difficult seeing the larger contours of your claim once your paragraphs go beyond that point.

Some lecturers prefer large paragraphs while others only need short ones.

So, how do we arrive at these numbers?

Find Out: How Long Should University Essays Be?

Number of Words in a Paragraph

Short paragraphs have a minimum of 100 words. Long paragraphs could go up to 200 words.

Using these figures, expert writers like ours will average the upper and lower ends to generate a suitable estimate. This means that a standard paragraph will have at least 150 words.

Let us now calculate how many words are in a 2 page paper

This is also another no-so-straightforward case because some lecturers require pages to be 250 words long while others ask for 300 words.

Using the effect of averaging, a two page essay will be 275 words long.

Divide the Number of Words 2 pages by Words in a paragraph

So, to answer the real question of interest, we have to divide the number of words in a 2-page essay with the number of words a paragraph contains.

Since we averaged 275 words per page and 150 words per paragraph, we will get 1.833 paragraphs for a single page of essay. Multiply that by two to get the accurate number of paragraphs.

A 300-word page with 100 words per paragraph would be 6 paragraphs.

Therefore, we can have a range of number of paragraphs depending on how many words a writer has on the paragraph.

I have seen where an entire page is just one huge paragraph. But large paragraphs are discouraging to read.

I recommend writing short paragraphs to keep your readers engaged.

A step-by-step guide for creating and formatting APA Style student papers

The start of the semester is the perfect time to learn how to create and format APA Style student papers. This article walks through the formatting steps needed to create an APA Style student paper, starting with a basic setup that applies to the entire paper (margins, font, line spacing, paragraph alignment and indentation, and page headers). It then covers formatting for the major sections of a student paper: the title page, the text, tables and figures, and the reference list. Finally, it concludes by describing how to organize student papers and ways to improve their quality and presentation.

The guidelines for student paper setup are described and shown using annotated diagrams in the Student Paper Setup Guide (PDF, 3.40MB) and the A Step-by-Step Guide to APA Style Student Papers webinar . Chapter 1 of the Concise Guide to APA Style and Chapter 2 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association describe the elements, format, and organization for student papers. Tables and figures are covered in Chapter 7 of both books. Information on paper format and tables and figures and a full sample student paper are also available on the APA Style website.

Basic setup

The guidelines for basic setup apply to the entire paper. Perform these steps when you first open your document, and then you do not have to worry about them again while writing your paper. Because these are general aspects of paper formatting, they apply to all APA Style papers, student or professional. Students should always check with their assigning instructor or institution for specific guidelines for their papers, which may be different than or in addition to APA Style guidelines.

Seventh edition APA Style was designed with modern word-processing programs in mind. Most default settings in programs such as Academic Writer, Microsoft Word, and Google Docs already comply with APA Style. This means that, for most paper elements, you do not have to make any changes to the default settings of your word-processing program. However, you may need to make a few adjustments before you begin writing.

Use 1-in. margins on all sides of the page (top, bottom, left, and right). This is usually how papers are automatically set.

Use a legible font. The default font of your word-processing program is acceptable. Many sans serif and serif fonts can be used in APA Style, including 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 12-point Times New Roman, and 11-point Georgia. You can also use other fonts described on the font page of the website.

Line spacing

Double-space the entire paper including the title page, block quotations, and the reference list. This is something you usually must set using the paragraph function of your word-processing program. But once you do, you will not have to change the spacing for the entirety of your paper–just double-space everything. Do not add blank lines before or after headings. Do not add extra spacing between paragraphs. For paper sections with different line spacing, see the line spacing page.

Paragraph alignment and indentation

Align all paragraphs of text in the body of your paper to the left margin. Leave the right margin ragged. Do not use full justification. Indent the first line of every paragraph of text 0.5-in. using the tab key or the paragraph-formatting function of your word-processing program. For paper sections with different alignment and indentation, see the paragraph alignment and indentation page.

Page numbers

Put a page number in the top right of every page header , including the title page, starting with page number 1. Use the automatic page-numbering function of your word-processing program to insert the page number in the top right corner; do not type the page numbers manually. The page number is the same font and font size as the text of your paper. Student papers do not require a running head on any page, unless specifically requested by the instructor.

Title page setup

Title page elements.

APA Style has two title page formats: student and professional (for details, see title page setup ). Unless instructed otherwise, students should use the student title page format and include the following elements, in the order listed, on the title page:

• Paper title.
• Name of each author (also known as the byline).
• Affiliation for each author.
• Course number and name.
• Instructor name.
• Assignment due date.
• Page number 1 in the top right corner of the page header.

The format for the byline depends on whether the paper has one author, two authors, or three or more authors.

• When the paper has one author, write the name on its own line (e.g., Jasmine C. Hernandez).
• When the paper has two authors, write the names on the same line and separate them with the word “and” (e.g., Upton J. Wang and Natalia Dominguez).
• When the paper has three or more authors, separate the names with commas and include “and” before the final author’s name (e.g., Malia Mohamed, Jaylen T. Brown, and Nia L. Ball).

Students have an academic affiliation, which identities where they studied when the paper was written. Because students working together on a paper are usually in the same class, they will have one shared affiliation. The affiliation consists of the name of the department and the name of the college or university, separated by a comma (e.g., Department of Psychology, George Mason University). The department is that of the course to which the paper is being submitted, which may be different than the department of the student’s major. Do not include the location unless it is part of the institution’s name.

Write the course number and name and the instructor name as shown on institutional materials (e.g., the syllabus). The course number and name are often separated by a colon (e.g., PST-4510: History and Systems Psychology). Write the assignment due date in the month, date, and year format used in your country (e.g., Sept. 10, 2020).

Title page line spacing

Double-space the whole title page. Place the paper title three or four lines down from the top of the page. Add an extra double-spaced blank like between the paper title and the byline. Then, list the other title page elements on separate lines, without extra lines in between.

Title page alignment

Center all title page elements (except the right-aligned page number in the header).

Title page font

Write the title page using the same font and font size as the rest of your paper. Bold the paper title. Use standard font (i.e., no bold, no italics) for all other title page elements.

Text elements

Repeat the paper title at the top of the first page of text. Begin the paper with an introduction to provide background on the topic, cite related studies, and contextualize the paper. Use descriptive headings to identify other sections as needed (e.g., Method, Results, Discussion for quantitative research papers). Sections and headings vary depending on the paper type and its complexity. Text can include tables and figures, block quotations, headings, and footnotes.

Text line spacing

Double-space all text, including headings and section labels, paragraphs of text, and block quotations.

Text alignment

Center the paper title on the first line of the text. Indent the first line of all paragraphs 0.5-in.

Left-align the text. Leave the right margin ragged.

Block quotation alignment

Indent the whole block quotation 0.5-in. from the left margin. Double-space the block quotation, the same as other body text. Find more information on the quotations page.

Use the same font throughout the entire paper. Write body text in standard (nonbold, nonitalic) font. Bold only headings and section labels. Use italics sparingly, for instance, to highlight a key term on first use (for more information, see the italics page).

Headings format

For detailed guidance on formatting headings, including headings in the introduction of a paper, see the headings page and the headings in sample papers .

• Alignment: Center Level 1 headings. Left-align Level 2 and Level 3 headings. Indent Level 4 and Level 5 headings like a regular paragraph.
• Font: Boldface all headings. Also italicize Level 3 and Level 5 headings. Create heading styles using your word-processing program (built into AcademicWriter, available for Word via the sample papers on the APA Style website).

Tables and figures setup

Tables and figures are only included in student papers if needed for the assignment. Tables and figures share the same elements and layout. See the website for sample tables and sample figures .

Table elements

Tables include the following four elements: 

• Body (rows and columns)
• Note (optional if needed to explain elements in the table)

Figure elements

Figures include the following four elements: 

• Image (chart, graph, etc.)
• Note (optional if needed to explain elements in the figure)

Table line spacing

Double-space the table number and title. Single-, 1.5-, or double-space the table body (adjust as needed for readability). Double-space the table note.

Figure line spacing

Double-space the figure number and title. The default settings for spacing in figure images is usually acceptable (but adjust the spacing as needed for readability). Double-space the figure note.

Table alignment

Left-align the table number and title. Center column headings. Left-align the table itself and left-align the leftmost (stub) column. Center data in the table body if it is short or left-align the data if it is long. Left-align the table note.

Figure alignment

Left-align the figure number and title. Left-align the whole figure image. The default alignment of the program in which you created your figure is usually acceptable for axis titles and data labels. Left-align the figure note.

Bold the table number. Italicize the table title. Use the same font and font size in the table body as the text of your paper. Italicize the word “Note” at the start of the table note. Write the note in the same font and font size as the text of your paper.

Figure font

Bold the figure number. Italicize the figure title. Use a sans serif font (e.g., Calibri, Arial) in the figure image in a size between 8 to 14 points. Italicize the word “Note” at the start of the figure note. Write the note in the same font and font size as the text of your paper.

Placement of tables and figures

There are two options for the placement of tables and figures in an APA Style paper. The first option is to place all tables and figures on separate pages after the reference list. The second option is to embed each table and figure within the text after its first callout. This guide describes options for the placement of tables and figures embedded in the text. If your instructor requires tables and figures to be placed at the end of the paper, see the table and figure guidelines and the sample professional paper .

Call out (mention) the table or figure in the text before embedding it (e.g., write “see Figure 1” or “Table 1 presents”). You can place the table or figure after the callout either at the bottom of the page, at the top of the next page, or by itself on the next page. Avoid placing tables and figures in the middle of the page.

Embedding at the bottom of the page

Include a callout to the table or figure in the text before that table or figure. Add a blank double-spaced line between the text and the table or figure at the bottom of the page.

Embedding at the top of the page

Include a callout to the table in the text on the previous page before that table or figure. The table or figure then appears at the top of the next page. Add a blank double-spaced line between the end of the table or figure and the text that follows.

Embedding on its own page

Embed long tables or large figures on their own page if needed. The text continues on the next page.

Reference list setup

Reference list elements.

The reference list consists of the “References” section label and the alphabetical list of references. View reference examples on the APA Style website. Consult Chapter 10 in both the Concise Guide and Publication Manual for even more examples.

Reference list line spacing

Start the reference list at the top of a new page after the text. Double-space the entire reference list (both within and between entries).

Reference list alignment

Center the “References” label. Apply a hanging indent of 0.5-in. to all reference list entries. Create the hanging indent using your word-processing program; do not manually hit the enter and tab keys.

Reference list font

Bold the “References” label at the top of the first page of references. Use italics within reference list entries on either the title (e.g., webpages, books, reports) or on the source (e.g., journal articles, edited book chapters).

Final checks

Check page order.

• Start each section on a new page.
• Arrange pages in the following order:
• Title page (page 1).
• Text (starts on page 2).
• Reference list (starts on a new page after the text).

Check headings

• Check that headings accurately reflect the content in each section.
• Start each main section with a Level 1 heading.
• Use Level 2 headings for subsections of the introduction.
• Use the same level of heading for sections of equal importance.
• Avoid having only one subsection within a section (have two or more, or none).

Check assignment instructions

• Remember that instructors’ guidelines supersede APA Style.
• Students should check their assignment guidelines or rubric for specific content to include in their papers and to make sure they are meeting assignment requirements.

Tips for better writing

• Ask for feedback on your paper from a classmate, writing center tutor, or instructor.
• Budget time to implement suggestions.
• Use spell-check and grammar-check to identify potential errors, and then manually check those flagged.
• Proofread the paper by reading it slowly and carefully aloud to yourself.
• Consult your university writing center if you need extra help.

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Undergraduate student resources

Learn the Standard Essay Format: MLA, APA, Chicago Styles

Being able to write an essay is a vital part of any student's education. However, it's not just about linearly listing ideas. A lot of institutions will require a certain format that your paper must follow; prime examples would be one of a basic essay format like MLA, the APA, and the Chicago formats. This article will explain the differences between the MLA format, the APA format, and the Chicago format. The application of these could range from high school to college essays, and they stand as the standard of college essay formatting. EssayPro — dissertation services , that will help to make a difference!

What is an Essay Format: Structure

Be it an academic, informative or a specific extended essay - structure is essential. For example, the IB extended essay has very strict requirements that are followed by an assigned academic style of writing (primarily MLA, APA, or Chicago):

This outline format for an extended essay is a great example to follow when writing a research essay, and sustaining a proper research essay format - especially if it is based on the MLA guidelines. It is vital to remember that the student must keep track of their resources to apply them to each step outlined above easily. And check out some tips on how to write an essay introduction .

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How to Format an Essay (MLA)

To write an essay in MLA format, one must follow a basic set of guidelines and instructions. This is a step by step from our business essay writing service.

Essay in MLA Format Example

Mla vs. apa.

Before we move on to the APA essay format, it is important to distinguish the two types of formatting. Let’s go through the similarities first:

• The formatting styles are similar: spacing, citation, indentation.
• All of the information that is used within the essay must be present within the works cited page (in APA, that’s called a reference page)
• Both use the parenthetical citations within the body of the paper, usually to show a certain quote or calculation.
• Citations are listed alphabetically on the works cited / reference page.

What you need to know about the differences is not extensive, thankfully:

• MLA style is mostly used in humanities, while APA style is focused more on social sciences. The list of sources has a different name (works cited - MLA / references - APA)
• Works cited differ on the way they display the name of the original content (MLA -> Yorke, Thom / APA -> Yorke T.)
• When using an in-text citation, and the author’s name is listed within the sentence, place the page number found at the end: “Yorke believes that Creep was Radiohead’s worst song. (4).” APA, on the other hand, requires that a year is to be inserted: “According to Yorke (2013), Creep was a mess.”

Alright, let’s carry over to the APA style specifics.

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How to format an essay (apa).

The APA scheme is one of the most common college essay formats, so being familiar with its requirements is crucial. In a basic APA format structure, we can apply a similar list of guidelines as we did in the MLA section:

If you ask yourself how to format an essay, you can always turn to us and request to write or rewrite essay in APA format if you find it difficult or don't have time.

Note that some teachers and professors may request deviations from some of the characteristics that the APA format originally requires, such as those listed above.

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Essay in APA Format Example

Apa format chronobiology, chicago style.

The usage of Chicago style is prevalent in academic writing that focuses on the source of origin. This means that precise citations and footnotes are key to a successful paper.

Chicago Style Essay Format

The same bullet point structure can be applied to the Chicago essay format.

Tips for Writing an Academic Paper

There isn’t one proper way of writing a paper, but there are solid guidelines to sustain a consistent workflow. Be it a college application essay, a research paper, informative essay, etc. There is a standard essay format that you should follow. For easier access, the following outline will be divided into steps:

Choose a Good Topic

A lot of students struggle with picking a good topic for their essays. The topic you choose should be specific enough so you can explore it in its entirety and hit your word limit if that’s a variable you worry about. With a good topic that should not be a problem. On the other hand, it should not be so broad that some resources would outweigh the information you could squeeze into one paper. Don’t be too specific, or you will find that there is a shortage of information, but don’t be too broad or you will feel overwhelmed. Don’t hesitate to ask your instructor for help with your essay writing.

Start Research as Soon as Possible

Before you even begin writing, make sure that you are acquainted with the information that you are working with. Find compelling arguments and counterpoints, trivia, facts, etc. The sky is the limit when it comes to gathering information.

Pick out Specific, Compelling Resources

When you feel acquainted with the subject, you should be able to have a basic conversation on the matter. Pick out resources that have been bookmarked, saved or are very informative and start extracting information. You will need all you can get to put into the citations at the end of your paper. Stash books, websites, articles and have them ready to cite. See if you can subtract or expand your scope of research.

Create an Outline

Always have a plan. This might be the most important phase of the process. If you have a strong essay outline and you have a particular goal in mind, it’ll be easy to refer to it when you might get stuck somewhere in the middle of the paper. And since you have direct links from the research you’ve done beforehand, the progress is guaranteed to be swift. Having a list of keywords, if applicable, will surely boost the informational scope. With keywords specific to the subject matter of each section, it should be much easier to identify its direction and possible informational criteria.

Write a Draft

Before you jot anything down into the body of your essay, make sure that the outline has enough information to back up whatever statement you choose to explore. Do not be afraid of letting creativity into your paper (within reason, of course) and explore the possibilities. Start with a standard 5 paragraph structure, and the content will come with time.

Ask for a Peer Review of Your Academic Paper

Before you know it, the draft is done, and it’s ready to be sent out for peer review. Ask a classmate, a relative or even a specialist if they are willing to contribute. Get as much feedback as you possibly can and work on it.

Final Draft

Before handing in the final draft, go over it at least one more time, focusing on smaller mistakes like grammar and punctuation. Make sure that what you wrote follows proper essay structure. Learn more about argumentative essay structure on our blog. If you need a second pair of eyes, get help from our service.

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What Is Essay Format?

How to format a college essay, how to write an essay in mla format.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

Do you wonder how many pages a given number of words is? This website converts the number of words to the number of pages, online and for free. This tool is useful when writing essays at university to determine how many pages you are required to write.

The number of pages changes depending on the number of words, the font and the font size. You can select the following fonts: Arial, Calibri, Comic sans MS, Courier New, Times New Roman and Verdana. Available spacing options: single spaced, 1.5, double spaced.

Note: This calculator provides an indication only and works most accurately for an academic essay with four paragraphs per page and no (sub)headings.

Enter details below

The overview below provides an indication of the number of pages required (based on font: arial, font size: 12, single spaced):

• How many pages is 500 words? 1.1 pages
• How many pages is 600 words? 1.3 pages
• How many pages is 750 words? 1.8 pages
• How many pages is 800 words? 1.8 pages
• How many pages is 1000 words? 2.2 pages
• How many pages is 1200 words? 2.7 pages
• How many pages is 1500 words? 3.3 pages
• How many pages is 2000 words? 4.4 pages
• How many pages is 2500 words? 5.6 pages
• How many pages is 3000 words? 6.7 pages
• How many pages is 4000 words? 8.9 pages
• How many pages is 5000 words? 11.1 pages
• How many pages is 6000 words? 13.3 pages
• How many pages is 8000 words? 17.8 pages
• How many pages is 10000 words? 22.2 pages
• How many words is 1 page? 450 words
• How many words is 2 page? 900 words
• How many words is 3 page? 1350 words
• How many words is 4 page? 1800 words
• How many words is 5 page? 2250 words
• How many words is 6 page? 2700 words
• How many words is 7 page? 3150 words
• How many words is 8 page? 3600 words
• How many words is 10 page? 4500 words
• How many words is 12 page? 5400 words
• How many words is 15 page? 6750 words
• How many words is 20 page? 9000 words
• How many words is 30 page? 13500 words
• How many words is 50 page? 22500 words
• How many words is 100 page? 45000 words

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How Many Words Is 2 Pages?

2 pages is 1000 words single-spaced or 500 words double-spaced . Documents that typically are 2 pages are high school and college essays, short blog posts, and news articles. A typical single-spaced page is 500 words long. It will take approximately 3 minutes to read 2 pages .

A 1,000 word count will create about 2 pages with single spacing or 4 pages double-spaced when using normal 1-inch margins, 12 pt. Arial font, and a standard A4 (letter size) page size.

However, the number of pages will vary depending on your margins, font family, font size, whether you use multiple spaces after a period , and your paragraph spacing settings. For example, 1 page single spaced created using Arial font will generate only 0.9 pages with Calibri or Times New Roman font.

Table of Contents

How many words is 2 pages single-spaced.

2 pages single-spaced is 1000 words. A standard single-spaced page contains 500 words.

How Many Words Is a 2 Page Essay or Paper?

A 2 pages essay will be 1000 words single-spaced or 500 words double-spaced. A standard single-spaced page contains 500 words.

How Many Words Is 2 Pages Double-Spaced?

2 pages double-spaced is 500 words. Teachers may ask you to write an essay using double spacing so that it's easier to read and easier to add comments/feedback to. A standard double-spaced page contains 250 words.

How Many Words Is 2 Pages Handwritten?

2 pages handwritten and single-spaced produces 500 words. Handwriting is about twice as large as words typed in 12 point Arial or Times New Roman font which makes single-spaced handwritten pages equivalent to double-spaced pages.

How Many Paragraphs Is 2 Pages?

2 words is about 5-10 paragraphs for essays or 10-20 for easier reading (to allow skimming). A paragraph length typically has 100-200 words and 5-6 sentences.

How Many Sentences Is 2 Pages?

2 pages is about 50-67 sentences. A sentence typically has 15–20 words.

Which Font Produces More Pages?

Of the standard fonts used in essays and other documents, Verdana will create the most pages. On average, Verdana will create 1.1 pages for every 1 page written using Arial and 0.9 pages for every page written with Times New Roman or Calibri in Microsoft Word or Google Docs. These are just estimates . If you're looking to write the fewest number of words for your school assignment to meet a page count, we recommend using Verdana (if allowed) or Arial. A good rule of thumb is to use Arial font unless your teacher provides different guidelines for font or spacing.

How Long Does It Take to Write a 2 Page Essay?

On average it will take approximately 25 minutes for the average writer typing on a keyboard at a typing speed of 40 words per minute.

How to Write a 2 Page Essay

Writing a 2 pages essay, along with writing a five-paragraph essay , is one of the common assignments assigned to middle and high school students. Writing a 2 pages essay is no easy feat and requires careful planning in order to concisely convey your argument. You should focus on the following three areas:

The Introduction

The introduction of your essay should start with broad sentences, revealing the central idea of your essay, not the details and individual arguments.

Your primary focus should be describing, arguing, and explaining the points you listed in your introductory paragraph . Each paragraph should be less than 100 words.

The Conclusion

In the final or concluding paragraph, you need to summarize the key points of your essay and restate your main claim.

• How to Write a Descriptive Essay
• How to Write an Argumentative Essay

How Many Words per Page?

To quickly find out how many pages various word counts make, see the table below. You’ll be able to understand quickly how many words you need to write for your essays, blog articles, or memos with page limits:

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Welcome to Words per Page

Enter total number of words, type in your words.

There are times when it helps to know how many words per page you're writing. While a general guideline is one page is 500 words (single spaced) or 250 words (double spaced), this is a ballpark figure. The truth is the number of words per page depends on a variety of factors such as the type of font, the font size, spacing elements, margin spacing, and paragraph length to name a few. While it's not possible to take into all these factors when estimating how many words per page there will be for your writing, this calculator can give a more accurate words per page conversion estimate than the typical 250/500 ballpark figure .

The calculator is able to provide a more accurate conversion by taking into account more specific information. For example, you can choose from a different variety of common fonts to generate an estimate:

• Comic Sans MS
• Times New Roman

You can then choose your preferred spacing from the following options:

• Single spaced
• Double spaced

Finally, you can choose your preferred font size: 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14.

By using these three options to more accurately define your writing, the words per page calculator should provide a better estimate on how many words you need to write to fill a page. In the opposite direction, it can give a more accurate estimate of how many pages you have created if you only know the word count .

While we make every attempt to make our calculators as accurate as possible, the results won't be perfect. This converter addresses some issues to provide a more accurate estimate, but in the end, it's still an estimate. Other issues such as margin space and paragraph length will likely result in some variation from the calculations given. That being said, it should provide a more accurate indication of the number of pages a specific word count will be and the number of words per page you type when compared to the general rule of thumb.

For general information, the following are calculations using 12-point Arial font, double spaced:

How many pages is 500 words? 500 words is approximately 1.8 pages. How many pages is 750 words? 750 words is approximately 2.7 pages. How many pages is 1,000 words? 1,000 words is approximately 3.7 pages. How many pages is 1,250 words? 1,250 words is approximately 4.6 pages. How many pages is 1,500 words? 1,500 words is approximately 5.5 pages. How many pages is 2,000 words? 2,000 words is approximately 7.3 pages. How many pages is 2,500 words? 2,500 words is approximately 9.1 pages. How many pages is 3,000 words? 3,000 words is approximately 11 pages. How many pages is 4,000 words? 4,000 words is approximately 14.6 pages. How many pages is 5,000 words? 5,000 words is approximately 18.3 pages. How many pages is 7,500 words? 7,500 words is approximately 27.4 pages. How many pages is 10,000 words? 10,000 words is approximately 36.5 pages.

How many words are in one page? There are approximately 450 words in one page. How many words are in two pages? There are approximately 900 words in two pages. How many words are in three pages? There are approximately 1350 words in three pages. How many words are in four pages? There are approximately 1800 words in four pages. How many words are in five pages? There are approximately 2250 words in five pages. How many words are in ten pages? There are approximately 4500 words in ten pages. How many words are in 15 pages? There are approximately 6750 words in 15 pages. How many words are in 25 pages? There are approximately 11250 words in 25 pages. How many words are in 50 pages? There are approximately 22500 words in 50 pages. How many words are in 100 pages? There are approximately 45000 words in 100 pages.

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• How long is an essay? Guidelines for different types of essay

How Long is an Essay? Guidelines for Different Types of Essay

Published on January 28, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on July 23, 2023.

The length of an academic essay varies depending on your level and subject of study, departmental guidelines, and specific course requirements. In general, an essay is a shorter piece of writing than a research paper  or thesis .

In most cases, your assignment will include clear guidelines on the number of words or pages you are expected to write. Often this will be a range rather than an exact number (for example, 2500–3000 words, or 10–12 pages). If you’re not sure, always check with your instructor.

In this article you’ll find some general guidelines for the length of different types of essay. But keep in mind that quality is more important than quantity – focus on making a strong argument or analysis, not on hitting a specific word count.

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Essay length guidelines, how long is each part of an essay, using length as a guide to topic and complexity, can i go under the suggested length, can i go over the suggested length, other interesting articles.

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In an academic essay, the main body should always take up the most space. This is where you make your arguments, give your evidence, and develop your ideas.

The introduction should be proportional to the essay’s length. In an essay under 3000 words, the introduction is usually just one paragraph. In longer and more complex essays, you might need to lay out the background and introduce your argument over two or three paragraphs.

The conclusion of an essay is often a single paragraph, even in longer essays. It doesn’t have to summarize every step of your essay, but should tie together your main points in a concise, convincing way.

The suggested word count doesn’t only tell you how long your essay should be – it also helps you work out how much information and complexity you can fit into the given space. This should guide the development of your thesis statement , which identifies the main topic of your essay and sets the boundaries of your overall argument.

A short essay will need a focused, specific topic and a clear, straightforward line of argument. A longer essay should still be focused, but it might call for a broader approach to the topic or a more complex, ambitious argument.

As you make an outline of your essay , make sure you have a clear idea of how much evidence, detail and argumentation will be needed to support your thesis. If you find that you don’t have enough ideas to fill out the word count, or that you need more space to make a convincing case, then consider revising your thesis to be more general or more specific.

The length of the essay also influences how much time you will need to spend on editing and proofreading .

You should always aim to meet the minimum length given in your assignment. If you are struggling to reach the word count:

• Add more evidence and examples to each paragraph to clarify or strengthen your points.
• Make sure you have fully explained or analyzed each example, and try to develop your points in more detail.
• Address a different aspect of your topic in a new paragraph. This might involve revising your thesis statement to make a more ambitious argument.
• Don’t use filler. Adding unnecessary words or complicated sentences will make your essay weaker and your argument less clear.
• Don’t fixate on an exact number. Your marker probably won’t care about 50 or 100 words – it’s more important that your argument is convincing and adequately developed for an essay of the suggested length.

In some cases, you are allowed to exceed the upper word limit by 10% – so for an assignment of 2500–3000 words, you could write an absolute maximum of 3300 words. However, the rules depend on your course and institution, so always check with your instructor if you’re unsure.

Only exceed the word count if it’s really necessary to complete your argument. Longer essays take longer to grade, so avoid annoying your marker with extra work! If you are struggling to edit down:

• Check that every paragraph is relevant to your argument, and cut out irrelevant or out-of-place information.
• Make sure each paragraph focuses on one point and doesn’t meander.
• Cut out filler words and make sure each sentence is clear, concise, and related to the paragraph’s point.
• Don’t cut anything that is necessary to the logic of your argument. If you remove a paragraph, make sure to revise your transitions and fit all your points together.
• Don’t sacrifice the introduction or conclusion . These paragraphs are crucial to an effective essay –make sure you leave enough space to thoroughly introduce your topic and decisively wrap up your argument.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

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First-Year Requirements

In addition to your UC application, we take both your academic record and your personal experiences into consideration during the review process . At UCLA, we seek students who have excelled academically and gained valuable perspective from the personal experiences that have helped shape their lives.

Read on to find out more.

The Criteria We Consider

When reviewing an application, we implement a holistic review process, which includes looking at some of the following criteria:

• Achievement in high school or college coursework
• Personal qualities
• Likely contributions to the intellectual and cultural vitality of our campus
• Achievement in academic enrichment programs
• Other achievements in any field of intellectual or creative endeavor, including the performing arts, athletics, community service, etc.

Academic Preparation

You must complete 15 A-G courses with at least 11 courses finished prior to the beginning of your last year of high school. To be competitive in the UCLA admission process, applicants should present an academic profile much stronger than any minimum UC admission requirements.  See below for a listing of the A-G requirements:

• 2 years history/social science
• 4 years of college-preparatory English
• 3 years of mathematics (4 years recommended)
• 2 years of laboratory science (3 years recommended)
• 2 years of language other than English (3 years recommended)
• 1 year of visual and performing arts (if available)
• 1 year of college-preparatory elective

Keep in mind that there is no single academic path we expect all students to follow. However, competitive applicants earn high marks in the most rigorous curriculum available to them.   Each application for admission is reviewed within the context of courses available to that student. If a particular required subject is not available, we’ll consider your application without it.

Standardized Testing (SAT/ACT)

UCLA will not consider SAT or ACT scores for admission or scholarship purposes.

If you choose to submit test scores as part of your application, they may be used as an alternative method of fulfilling minimum requirements for eligibility or for course placement after you enroll.

UCLA’s ACT number: 0448 UCLA’s College Board (SAT) number: 4837

Personal Insight Questions

These personal questions are just that — personal. This is your chance to augment the information elsewhere in your application and give us more insight into you during the review process.  Our hope is to hear your true, authentic voice in your responses.   As a first-year applicant, you may respond to four of eight questions. Each response is limited to a maximum of 350 words. Which questions you choose to answer is entirely up to you. You should select questions that are most relevant to your experience and that best reflect your individual circumstances.

Frequently Asked Questions

Because we receive more applicants than we have room to accept, admitted students usually have academic achievements far higher than the minimum requirements. So, to be “competitive” is to be among the strongest achieving students to apply.

We look for students who take advantage of the academic opportunities available to them. If you have advanced courses, we encourage you to take advantage of them. The University of California adds extra weight to grades received in UC-certified honors, AP, IB and transferable college courses.

We do not require or accept letters of recommendation in our process and we do not collect transcripts at the point of application . However, once admitted, students are required to submit official transcripts f rom any high school or college they have attended . Some professional schools may request a letter of recommendation as part of their supplemental application process.

We do not offer admission interviews. Applicants are considered for admission based upon the information they submit in the UC application . However, some majors in our  specialty schools require a supplemental application as part of their admission process. Supplemental applications may involve an audition, portfolio submission and/or letters of recommendation. Find out more from the supplemental applications page.

Supplemental Applications

Of course, a strong academic performance combined with sustained, meaningful involvement in extracurricular activities is the ideal. But if it comes down to a choice between excelling in your coursework or your extracurricular activities, choose your academics.

UCLA will honor full IGETC certification from a first-year student if the requirements were completed before entering UC. Partial IGETC, however, will not be accepted from entering first-years at any UC campus and IGETC is not recommended for applicants to the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.

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Valerie Pavilonis

Opinion Editorial Assistant

Punish the Creators of Deepfakes, Not the Women in Them

On Wednesday, South Korean authorities began an investigation into a sprawling network of non-consensual, sexually explicit A.I. photos and videos of women and girls. “Deepfake videos may be dismissed as mere pranks,” said the South Korean president, Yoon Suk Yeol, at a cabinet meeting this week, “but they are clearly criminal acts that exploit technology under the shield of anonymity.”

Deepfakes aren’t just South Korea’s problem; incidents involving politicians, celebrities and ordinary women have been reported in India , the United States , and Britain . A 2023 study by an online security company found that pornography makes up 98 percent of all deepfake videos — and that 99 percent of the people portrayed in those videos are women.

Advances in technology are frequently twisted from their original use and employed to humiliate women. I remember being enthused by online video as a 10-year-old, until I learned about revenge porn and rape videos , which document, for all time, the abuse of women and girls. Spy cameras were first used by actual spies (for better or worse); they then became tools to spy on women — especially South Korean women — in public restrooms, hotels and changing rooms. (Between 2013 and 2018, 30,000 spy camera incidents were reported in South Korea).

The new deepfake crisis is even more blatant. Apps and websites solely for “nudification,” in which a user uploads a clothed photo of someone in order to generate an undressed version, abound. And in the United States, many sexual deepfakes are often the work of teenage boys , which complicates prosecution.

Some U.S. jurisdictions are taking action. A few weeks ago, San Francisco filed a lawsuit in state court seeking to take down 16 such websites, and similar bills have recently been signed into law in Washington, South Dakota and Louisiana. But as with anything on the internet, regulation is like fighting a hydra: once you take down one site, more follow. As for South Korea, on Thursday, the government vowed to increase penalties on those found to have shared sexual deepfakes.

But Korean authorities, and authorities everywhere, should take care to avoid one common mistake: telling women to change their behavior, somehow, to make up for stagnant legal action. In the face of violence, women are often shamed into making themselves smaller, while their harassers walk free of consequence. Governments have an opportunity while A.I. technology is still nascent to do the opposite: to expose, shame and punish harassers.

Gail Collins

Opinion Columnist

Whale Beheading, Bear Carcass Dumping and Trump Boosting, Oh My!

Our presidential folklore is awash with animal stories. Remember Franklin Roosevelt’s dog Fala? No? Well, it was a while ago. President Biden is a big dog lover, but his pets were exiled to Delaware after multiple biting episodes. Jill Biden brought in a cat to fill the void.

Kamala Harris has been photographed cuddling puppies, but if there’s going to be any Republican animal stories during the campaign this fall, chances are they’re going to be sort of unpleasant. Donald Trump doesn’t like animals — naturally, since they draw attention from him. And now he’s got a new supporter who’s famous for his run-ins with their corpses.

Yeah, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. once allegedly chain-sawed the head off a dead whale on a beach, bungee-corded it to the roof of his car and drove it five hours to the family home. Some years ago, Kennedy’s daughter Kick Kennedy called the episode “the rankest thing on the planet.”

People, does that remind you of anything? Back when Mitt Romney was running against Barack Obama, his son once told the story about a family vacation in which Romney put Seamus, their pet Irish setter, in a roof crate for a 12-hour drive to Canada. Apparently, Seamus weathered the trip fine, but the presidential campaign in 2012 was very boring . As a diversion, I decided to try to see how many times I could mention the story before Election Day. Diligent readers counted around 80 mentions.

How would you compare the whale incident with that? Does it make you miss Romney? Yes, he was boring, but we’ve certainly learned how much worse a candidate can be. Don’t forget: Kennedy also dumped a dead bear cub in Central Park. His explanation was that he’d found it on the side of a road and decided to take it home to refrigerate its meat. Then, upon realizing that he was late to a steakhouse dinner, he changed his mind and left the carcass in the park, creating a stir he called “amusing.”

Kennedy, you may remember, says he once suffered from memory issues because of a dead worm in his brain. He’s now supporting Trump for president, and Trump might even consider giving an administration job to his new pal.

No further comments seem necessary. Just remember that whale.

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David French

Jack Smith’s New Case Against Trump Is Much Stronger Than His Old One

When thinking about including charges in an indictment, prosecutors can decide which claims to make by asking whether the charge is strong or weak. In other words, does the evidence clearly support the charge, or would they be stretching either the evidence or the legal theory to make the case?

But there’s another, related calculation, and that’s asking whether the claim is clean or complicated. By “clean,” I mean simple and direct. Is this a charge, regardless of the strength of evidence, that the jury will find easy to understand? Obviously, the best possible case to bring is one that’s both clean and strong: The statutes and evidence are straightforward. The case is relatively easy to make.

And that’s exactly how I’d describe the new Jack Smith indictment of Donald Trump . I disagree strongly with the Supreme Court’s immunity ruling, but to the extent there is any silver lining in that dark constitutional cloud, it’s that for Smith, less is truly more.

Even absent the immunity ruling, Smith’s first indictment would have given Trump room to argue that he was doing nothing more than using the levers of government power to investigate election fraud, a classic function of the Department of Justice. His actions were corrupt and unprecedented, but their official nature gave him hope for a defense.

Trump’s fake electors scheme, by contrast, was a campaign function, not an exercise of presidential power.

In fact, during the oral argument in Trump v. United States, Amy Coney Barrett elicited a series of representations from Trump’s counsel that a number of claims in the original indictment involved Trump’s private conduct. For example, she asked if it was private conduct when “three private actors; two attorneys, including those mentioned above; and a political consultant helped implement a plan to submit fraudulent slates of presidential electors to obstruct the certification proceeding, and petitioner” — Trump — “and a co-conspirator attorney directed that effort.”

Trump’s attorney affirmed, “That’s private.”

Not only is that private; it’s among the strongest claims in the whole case. There was never a credible argument for fake electors. And by conspiring to submit fraudulent electoral votes, Trump’s conduct fits squarely within precedent for federal offenses .

If Trump wins the presidency again, the case will disappear. But if he loses, he’ll stand trial, and Smith has now brought a much better case against the former president.

Frank Bruni

Contributing Opinion Writer

Why Kamala Harris Might Just Win North Carolina

When Vice President Kamala Harris started talking policy with a heavily promoted speech about voters’ top concern — the economy — where do you suppose she did it?

My home state, North Carolina. And my governor, Roy Cooper, was the Democrat chosen to introduce her on the climactic final night of the party’s convention.

But then Donald Trump stages a rally in North Carolina seemingly every other week — often enough that I’m terrified he’ll build and start hanging out at some Tar Heel analogue of Mar-a-Lago. He’s fixated on this place.

For good reason. North Carolina has 16 Electoral College votes — the same as Georgia, one more than Michigan and only one fewer than Ohio. And they appear to be in play. On Tuesday, the Cook Political Report moved North Carolina into the tossup category .

The state hasn’t voted Democratic in a presidential election since 2008, when Barack Obama won, but Joe Biden lost here in 2020 by only about 75,000 votes, or under 1.4 percentage points.

And 2024 is different. Political analysts here tell me that they’re struck by the burst of energy for the Harris campaign and its significant investment in the state, where, according to the Pew Research Center, about 23 percent of eligible voters are Black, in contrast to 14 percent nationally. They haven’t seen anything like it since 2008.

Additionally, Michael Bitzer, a professor of politics and history at Catawba College in Salisbury, N.C., noted that in the Republican presidential primary here, Nikki Haley received hefty percentages of the votes in urban counties even though her campaign by then was a lost cause. That suggests a potent anti-Trump sentiment among moderate Republicans and independents.

There’s yet another distinctive dynamic this time around. The slate of Republican candidates for statewide office is MAGA fury through and through. Lt. Gov. Mark Robinson, the Republican nominee for governor, is a firebrand with a history of misogynistic, homophobic, antisemitic and altogether deranged remarks . Michele Morrow, the Republican nominee for superintendent of public instruction, has suggested that Cooper, Biden, Obama, Hillary Clinton and Anthony Fauci should be executed for treason — and that Obama’s killing should be televised.

Asher Hildebrand, a fellow professor at Duke University’s School of Public Policy, said that while that extremism probably won’t “push too many voters to the polls for Harris, it very well might keep some Trump voters home.”

And in an election potentially decided by one measly percentage point, such disaffection absolutely could turn North Carolina blue.

Jesse Wegman

Editorial Board Member

Even the Supreme Court Can’t Save Trump From Himself

If you’re going to subject yourself to one of Donald Trump’s social media tirades, it’s generally best to do so with a strong drink close at hand. Every now and then, however, the former president’s all-caps screeds offer a useful road map to understanding the basics of whatever issue he’s raving about — as long as you flip everything he says right-side up.

On Tuesday, Trump took to his failing website , Truth Social, to rage against the special counsel Jack Smith’s new and improved indictment against him for inciting the Jan. 6 insurrection at the U.S. Capitol.

“For them to do this after our Supreme Court Victory on Immunity and more, is shocking,” Trump wrote. The new indictment, he claimed, “has all the problems of the old Indictment, and should be dismissed IMMEDIATELY.”

Poor Trump. He was confident that after the Supreme Court — his Supreme Court — went rogue last month and immunized him from prosecution for virtually all “official” acts, he was in the clear.

But the Supreme Court’s bonkers decision did leave a few doors open for criminal prosecutions of former presidents, and Smith has taken full advantage of them. His new indictment, while nine pages shorter than the original, retains all the same fraud, obstruction and conspiracy charges. It leaves out only the actions that the court’s majority ruled were unquestionably immune, such as Trump’s attempts to force the Justice Department to investigate nonexistent voter fraud in swing states. In this regard, it very conspicuously does not have “all the problems of the old indictment.”

Nor is it accurate to say, as Trump did, that “you’re not even allowed to bring cases literally right before an Election.” He was referring, presumably, to the Justice Department’s so-called 60-day rule , which is not actually a rule but a general guideline that prohibits taking overt steps that could influence how people vote in an upcoming election.

This is a sensible caution in a rule-of-law society, but it doesn’t apply to existing cases that are already filed and under the control of the judicial branch, as Smith’s prosecution of Trump has been for more than a year.

In fact, this is only an issue because Trump, abetted by the right-wing majority of the Supreme Court, has appealed and delayed the proceedings at every step. The justices had multiple opportunities to fast-track Trump’s appeals as early as December. They rejected all of them with no explanation, waiting until the very last moment to issue a ruling with zero constitutional support.

Now Trump is acting as if it’s all so unfair — or “lawfare and weaponization,” as he put it. So flip that right-side up: He’s the person who chose to weaponize the law, and the presidency, no one else. If the rule of law means anything, it means that he will face accountability for his actions, sooner or later.

Michelle Cottle

Opinion Writer

Kamala Harris and Tim Walz Are Road-Tripping Through Georgia. Could They Actually Win There?

I can see why many people might not consider late August the best time to head to the Deep South. So hot. So sticky. But this week strikes me as the perfect moment for the Democratic presidential ticket to take a quick bus tour around southern Georgia.

Hot off their multiday love fest in Chicago, Kamala Harris and Tim Walz are making clear they intend to play hard for Georgia, a battleground state, and not just in the politically blue, population-rich metro area of Atlanta. With the presidential race promising to be tight and ugly, they are wisely venturing outside the party’s usual comfort zones and are sending a message similar to the one from their preconvention road trip around Pennsylvania: We will show up in every part of the state and fight for every vote.

It seems worth noting that southern Georgia has an abundance of Black voters, a demographic the Democratic Party was feeling very shaky about when President Biden was looking like the nominee — and is hoping to re-energize now that Harris is at the top of the ticket. But even before Biden stepped aside, the party was investing in the area. “The South Georgia region is a priority for the campaign,” a representative for the Harris team told NBC . “We have nearly 50 full-time staff across seven offices in the area, including Valdosta. We have hosted more than 500 events in the region since May 31.”

Team Trump is not conceding any ground. Last week Donald Trump’s running mate, JD Vance, headlined an event in Valdosta, a majority-Black city not too far from the Florida state line. (Although it was Vance’s cringey stop at an area doughnut shop that wound up being widely shared on social media.)

So far, Trump has a polling edge in the state. But his troubled history with Georgia, where he is widely believed to have cost Republicans a Senate seat or two in recent years, makes it tricky terrain. Also, he has struggled to let go of his feud with the state’s popular governor, Brian Kemp. Just a few weeks ago, Trump trashed Kemp at a rally in Atlanta. This freaked out more than a few Republicans, and some kind of truce was brokered. Last week, Kemp endorsed Trump on Fox News.

Still, there is a whole lot of bad blood swirling around the state, and the entire situation feels unsettled — and potentially exploitable by the Democrats.

A postconvention bus tour feels like a good place to start.

Serge Schmemann

After Israel’s Hostage Rescue, Could There Finally Be a Cease-Fire Deal?

The rescue of an Israeli hostage held by Hamas in Gaza on Tuesday was hailed as something of a miracle in Israel. But it did little to quell the anger among many Israelis over Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s resistance to a cease-fire deal that would bring home all the remaining hostages — dead and alive.

The details of the rescue were not immediately clear. The Israeli military spoke of a “complex military operation.” Unnamed senior Israeli officials told The Times that commandos were scouring Hamas tunnels when they came upon Farhan al-Qadi, 52, a member of Israel’s Bedouin minority who was working at a kibbutz when he was seized in the Hamas raid of Oct. 7. In either case, he was the eighth hostage to be freed by the military.

With the latest rescue, 108 Israeli hostages remain in Gaza, including 13 whose deaths have been confirmed, according to Haaretz. The Hostages and Missing Families Forum, a group that represents the families of the hostages, said that the rest cannot hope to be freed by military operations. “A deal is the only way to secure the return of the remaining 108 hostages — the living for rehabilitation and the murdered for proper burial,” it said in a statement .

A deal seemed tantalizingly close at the end of May, when President Biden reported progress toward a phased cease-fire that would lead to the liberation of all remaining hostages and end the grueling fight that has taken more than 40,000 Palestinian lives. But since then, both Netanyahu and Yahya Sinwar, the elusive Hamas leader in Gaza, have repeatedly put roadblocks in the way of an agreement, with Netanyahu insisting on the full destruction of Hamas and Sinwar saying he would accept only a permanent end to hostilities. Last week Secretary of State Antony Blinken, told reporters that a bridging proposal offered by Washington was probably the best — and possibly the last — opportunity for a deal. The last round of talks ended in Cairo on Sunday without one.

Netanyahu’s insistence on a decisive victory has placed him at odds not only with the hostages’ families but also with the Israeli military, which questions whether a total victory over Hamas is feasible and is concerned about a potential clash with Hezbollah. More broadly, polls have shown that a majority of Israelis support a cease-fire in exchange for the hostages.

Al-Qadi did not join the debate as he profusely thanked those responsible for his liberation. But in a meeting with the Israeli president, Isaac Herzog, al-Qadi urged the government “to do everything to bring people home.”

“Twenty-four hours without sleep,” he said. “People are suffering, suffering you can’t imagine.”

Tulsi Gabbard’s Trumpy Transition Is Now Complete

Step back, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. You aren’t even the most interesting ex-Democrat-turned-MAGA-tool to endorse Donald Trump this month.

For my money, that would be Tulsi Gabbard, the former House member and 2020 contender to unseat President Trump.

Gabbard has been on quite the political journey. She never got much traction in her 2020 race. But she did win herself a small but intensely passionate following based heavily on her isolationist leanings — which, admittedly, are more electrifying than most, thanks to her penchant for making indulgent statements about bloodthirsty strongmen such as Bashar al-Assad and Vladimir Putin. Indeed, Gabbard’s soft-on-Russia musings have been at times so striking that Hillary Clinton publicly called her “a Russian asset,” prompting Gabbard to sue Clinton for defamation. (Gabbard later dropped the suit.)

Gabbard quit the Democratic Party in 2022 and became an independent, saying it had fallen “under the complete control of an elitist cabal of warmongers driven by cowardly wokeness,” and promptly began making nice with the red team. She hit the campaign trail for Republican candidates in the midterms. She spoke at the Conservative Political Action Conference . Conveniently, she was already a hot guest on Fox News.

For this election, she has settled snugly into the MAGA fold — all the more so since Kamala Harris became the Democratic nominee. Gabbard has been helping Trump with his debate prep . During a primary debate in 2019, you may recall, Gabbard hit Harris hard from the left — successfully enough to leave a mark and tick off Harris . Trump, who has been struggling to figure out how to deal with his new opponent, is clearly hoping some of Gabbard’s mojo rubs off on him.

Just in case anyone had any doubts as to her new allegiance, Gabbard endorsed Trump on Monday. They appeared together at a National Guard conference in Detroit, on the third anniversary of the bombing in Afghanistan that killed 13 U.S. service members. A National Guard veteran, Gabbard asserted that Trump “understands the grave responsibility that a president and commander in chief bears for every single one of our lives.”

The next day, Trump announced that Gabbard was joining his transition team, as is Mr. Kennedy.

Team Trump is presumably betting that bringing on former Democrats will send a signal that his campaign is the one with a big tent and mainstream appeal. But when we’re talking about characters as … colorful as Gabbard and Kennedy, I’m betting the signal to many voters is that Trump’s G.O.P. is the home of the politically strange.

Zeynep Tufekci

‘Free Speech’ Should Not Shroud Criminal Activity

The detention in France of Pavel Durov, the founder and chief executive of the messaging app Telegram, has sparked a loud outcry about free speech. Elon Musk has portrayed the arrest on his X account as an ominous threat to free speech, and Robert F. Kennedy Jr. referred to the app as an “encrypted, uncensored” platform and said “the need to protect free speech has never been more urgent.”

It’s a curious case, and the French government hasn’t helped matters by releasing information in dribs and drabs. While it is possible that there are free speech issues entangled here, some early details suggest the issue may be one of criminal activity.

On Monday, the French prosecutor said in a statement that Durov — who is a citizen of France, Russia, St. Kitts and Nevis and the United Arab Emirates — was being held for questioning in connection with an investigation into criminal activities on the app, including the trading of child sexual abuse material as well as drug trafficking, fraud and money laundering. Notably, Telegram explicitly boasts that it has never disclosed user data to any government, ever.

Questions have long swirled around Telegram. Contrary to widespread belief, Telegram is not encrypted in any meaningful sense. That would be “end to end” encryption, so that even the company couldn’t read users’ messages. Telegram — and anyone it chooses — can read all group chats, and there is no way to fully encrypt them. Those very large groups are the main attraction of the platform.

Private chats on Telegram also lack end-to-end encryption by default. Here, though, users can undergo an onerous process to turn on end-to-end encryption, which then applies only to that conversation. Even the protection provided to private chats is murky: Cryptography experts have long questioned whether Telegram’s limited encryption actually meets security standards.

Durov was born in Russia, where Telegram is used widely. The Kremlin has Durov’s back: It issued a statement that unless more evidence is provided, Durov’s detention may be “a direct attempt to limit freedom of communication.” Russian antiwar activists have long wondered how the Kremlin seems to know so much about their activities on Telegram. (Good question.)

Free speech is an important value, but protecting it does not mean absolving anyone of responsibility for all criminal activity. Ironically, Telegram’s shortage of end-to-end encryption means the company is likely to be more liable simply because it can see the criminal activity happening on its platform. If, for example, Telegram did not cooperate with authorities at all after receiving legal warrants for information about criminal activities, that would mean trouble even in the United States, with its sweeping free speech protections.

Neel V. Patel

Opinion Staff Editor

Faced With the Boeing Starliner’s Flaws, NASA Gets a Couple of Things Right

Odysseus may lay claim to the most delayed and perilous trip back home, but the NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams are giving him a run for his money. What was supposed to be a weeklong mission to the International Space Station will now be an eight-month stay in space, after the spacecraft they launched aboard, the Boeing Starliner, experienced some unexpected glitches .

Boeing has been utterly humiliated by the Starliner’s failure, not least because the company’s rival, SpaceX, will take Wilmore and Williams home. But it’s NASA that deserves applause: Faced with an unsettling turn of events for its human spaceflight program, the agency has gotten a couple of things right.

It got the first thing right nearly a decade ago. In September 2014, NASA awarded contracts to both SpaceX and Boeing for their commercial crew programs, effectively saying it would pay two companies to develop new spacecraft capable of ferrying astronauts to and from the space station. The veteran aerospace firm Boeing was awarded $4.2 billion, while the newcomer SpaceX was awarded $2.6 billion.

While both companies’ programs were mired in delays, SpaceX eventually vaulted ahead of Boeing and pulled off a successful crewed flight to space in 2020. Boeing remained sluggish. Throughout this period, NASA emphasized that the whole reason it gave contracts to two companies in the first place was in case one company hit snags. The wisdom of that choice is on full display now, as Wilmore and Williams can return home on a SpaceX mission, after the Boeing mission went awry. Redundancy paid off.

NASA got one other thing right during this debacle. Though Wilmore and Williams are trapped in space until February, the agency is wisely playing it safe. There isn’t much reason to think the Starliner couldn’t securely bring the astronauts back to Earth. But NASA is choosing not to risk a repeat of the tragic Challenger and Columbia disasters. Taking risks is a fundamental part of spaceflight, but the United States is no longer in a race to beat the Soviets. NASA can and should take its time to reduce the odds of risk whenever possible. It’s the right thing to do.

The astronauts’ delayed return must be truly aggravating for both of them and their families. But it’s unquestionably preferable to an alternative outcome that would put them both in any sort of elevated danger.

Pamela Paul

Gus Walz Brought Out Both the Joy and the Cruelty

Gus Walz’s unbridled emotional reaction last week at the Democratic National Convention to the nomination of his father, Gov. Tim Walz, embodied both the humanity that lies beneath the political process and the momentousness of the political process itself.

In other words, Gus reacted the way he did because he recognized the import of his father’s nomination. And because the man onstage was his father — “That’s my dad!” — a man who raised and supported and accepted and loved him for who he is, a 17-year-old boy with anxiety and a learning disorder and, as Tina Brown wrote in her gorgeous essay on Friday, a human being like any other.

Gus’s reaction was beautiful. And then things got ugly .

In response to Gus’s exuberance, Ann Coulter posted on X, “Talk about weird …” (She later took her post down.) “Sorry, but this is embarrassing for both father and son,” the conservative radio host Jay Weber posted. “If the Walzs represent today’s American man, this country is screwed,” he said, adding a crude insult of the teenage Walz. (He, too, removed his post.)

Perhaps they didn’t know the context. They didn’t know anything about Gus Walz beyond the politics of his father. They didn’t realize they should have been kind. Few people do before issuing a least-charitable-interpretation potshot. People’s private lives, their psychological state, their family or personal circumstances and their disabilities are often invisible. This is as true for public figures as it is for private citizens. Gus didn’t deserve “special” treatment — he deserved the kind of treatment any person does.

If nothing else, Gus reminds us of what an unfiltered human reaction looks like and what a sharp contrast it makes with the noxious swill of performance, hot takes and low blows that passes for online political commentary.

Let’s dwell on that contrast for a moment. Gus’s surge of emotion offered an image of us at our all-too-human best. Those who chose to disparage him reeked of our all-too-human worst. Gus Walz showed us what it means to really care about other people. His critics made clear they’ve forgotten how.

Patrick Healy

Deputy Opinion Editor

Harris Has the Momentum. But Trump Has the Edge on What Matters Most.

Every Monday morning on The Point, we kick off the week with a tipsheet on the latest in the presidential campaign. Here’s what we’re looking at this week:

We’ll know soon what kind of polling bounce Kamala Harris got out of her very good convention in Chicago. I’m especially curious how she’s faring in Pennsylvania and Georgia, which are the most critical battlegrounds in the race. Given Harris’s and the convention’s focus on themes like patriotism, small-town values and the economy, I can see her gaining a couple of points in Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin. The Democrats’ hammering of Trump on abortion is also going to help Harris in Pennsylvania and Arizona, where abortion rights is a hot-button issue.

The Democrats’ Joyfest is Over. Now Comes The Slugfest.

But consider this: Harris has won the vast majority of news cycles since she declared her candidacy. And yet, she is only two or three percentage points ahead of Trump in the national polling average and effectively tied with him in the seven swing states that will decide the election. Structural factors — polarization, the gender gap, Republicans’ advantage in the Electoral College — are keeping this race tight.

To that end, with early voting only weeks away, the battle between Harris and Trump will be to find the best strategies for the three most important elements of this campaign.

Defining the race: Harris wants to make the race about the future, freedom and unity; Trump wants to make the race about the past, his presidency and threats to the country. Harris has effectively cast the race as a choice between her and Trump, which helps her because he is so unpopular. But there is still time for this to change, especially if an unexpected or outside event suddenly shifts voter attention to safety or national security.

Defining Harris: So far, Harris is also winning on this front, positioning herself as the candidate of change — an appealing image to many voters. Trump is trying to define her as “ dangerously liberal ” and as the de facto incumbent, but even some Republican strategists tell me that they don’t see strong evidence this is catching on. Trump will campaign in Wisconsin and Pennsylvania later this week; watch for whether he starts trying to define her anew.

Defining Trump: The former president is struggling. He is trying to appeal to moderate and independent voters by opposing a national abortion ban and talking about the economy; if he had the discipline to bear down on the cost of living, trade and immigration, he’d be doing better than he is in Pennsylvania, where those issues resonate. But as the Democratic strategist Doug Sosnik put it to me, the only way Trump can win the presidency is by turning out his vote strongly and edging out his opponent with sufficient numbers of swing voters — which is what he did successfully in 2016.

Right now, Harris has the momentum, but I think the Electoral College currently favors Trump . Nothing will be more critical than the Sept. 10 debate to define the race, Trump and Harris. A debate changes things in an instant. Just ask Joe Biden.