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India and the G20 Presidency: Its Priorities and Challenges

Created in the aftermath of the devastating World War II, it is important to underline that the United Nations and its Security Council as well as the Breton Woods institutions and the G7 reflect the world order which prevailed immediately after the World War II as well as the new power balance created by its victors. The G 20 is a reflection of an emerging order, which brings the G7 together with other major economies as equal partners. It also includes the P5 with other major emerging economies.

Conceived as an international mechanism for governance of the global economy, the G20, which includes all the major economies, has evolved over time into one of the most powerful economic and financial groupings. At present, it comprises 85% of global GDP, 75% of international trade and two/thirds of the global population. It represents the world’s key body for handling global economic and developmental issues.

Held under a rotational Presidency on an annual basis since 2011, the G20’s initial focus was on broad macro-economic policy. Formally known as the “Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy”, the G20 has made continuous efforts until the pandemic toward achieving robust global economic growth. It re-doubled its efforts after the pandemic. More recently, the G20 focus shifted to include a wide range of global issues including climate change and energy, health, counter-terrorism and migration.

What is the composition of the G20? It comprises 19 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, UK and USA) and the European Union (EU). It has become a relevant and influential global grouping. The regular participation of international and regional organisations such as the African Union, NEPAD and ASEAN as invitees in the G20 process makes it both inclusive and representative.

The G20’s initial focus was on financial and socio-economic issues. Since it was raised to the level of Heads of State and Government, the G20 has evolved to address every contemporary issue and challenge. There are 20 Working Groups between the Sherpa and Finance Tracks and 10 Engagement Groups, which bring together the civil societies, think tanks and other key stakeholders of the member countries.

Existing G20 Tracks

The G20 currently comprises several tracks including:

-‘ Finance Track’ , with 8 work streams (Global Macroeconomic Policies, Infrastructure Financing, International Financial Architecture, Sustainable Finance, Financial Inclusion, Health Finance, International Taxation, Financial Sector Reforms).

-‘ Sherpa Track ’ , with 12 work streams (Anti-corruption, Agriculture, Culture, Development, Digital Economy, Employment, Environment and Climate, Education, Energy Transition, Health, Trade and Investment, Tourism). Shri Amitabh Kant is the Indian Prime Minister’s Sherpa for this period.

-‘ 10 Engagement Groups ’ of private sector/civil society/independent bodies (Business 20, Civil 20, Labour 20, Parliament 20, Science 20, Supreme Audit Institutions 20, Think 20, Urban 20, Women 20 and Youth 20).

India ’s Presidency

India has been a member of the G20 since its inception in 1999. As an important member of the grouping, India ensured that its perspective on issues of vital national importance did not go unheard in the global financial narrative. India will be assuming chairmanship of the G20 for one year from 01 December 22.

India’s Presidency comes at a watershed moment coinciding with a period of flux, internationally. The global community is facing multiple challenges, politically and economically. The Russia-Ukraine conflict has vitiated relation between Russia and the industrialised Western countries, most of which are members of the G20. The conflict and the resulting unilateral sanctions imposed by the West has upset the post pandemic global recovery, sharply impacted oil and gas prices as well as food availability. As always, the impact is felt most sharply by the most vulnerable, the developing countries and LDC’s.

India would, in the true spirit of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world is one family), seek to find pragmatic global solutions for the well-being of all. India’s vision for the global development agenda is shaped by the rapid transformation of its economy and society launched by the Prime Minister, particularly green and digital transformations. The after-effects of the pandemic are also of importance, as it underlined the importance of resilient healthcare and global co-operation.

PM Modi has transformed India’s foreign policy to focus on the ‘global common good’. Through its G20 leadership, India hopes to extend this principle towards finding sustainable solutions to some of the key global challenges emerging out of the interconnectedness of the world, such as climate change, new and emerging technologies, food and energy security, etc. As the incumbent G20 President, India will set the agenda, identify the themes and focus areas, conduct discussions and deliver the outcome documents. India will identify, highlight, develop and strengthen international support for priorities of vital importance in diverse social and economic sectors, ranging from energy, agriculture, trade, digital economy, health and environment to employment, tourism, anti-corruption and women’s empowerment, including in focus areas that impact the most vulnerable and disadvantaged.

India is currently part of the G20 Troika (current, previous and incoming G20 Presidencies) comprising Indonesia, Italy and India. From December 22, during India’s Presidency, Indonesia and Brazil along with India would form the Troika. This would be the first time when the Troika would consist of three developing countries and emerging economies. It is hoped that as a result there would be a shift in the balance of power within the G20. It is time for emerging economies to have a greater share in decision making at this grouping.

India will host the G20 Leaders’ Summit at the level of Heads of State / Government on 9 th and 10 th September 2023, in New Delhi. Under its Presidency, India is expected to host over 200 G20 meetings across India, commencing from December 2022. India is preparing to hold up to 190G20 meetings on a pan-India basis. In our effort to organise an Impeccable and Uniquely ‘Indian’ G20, we strive to take this mega event closer to the lives of the people of India making it ‘People’s G20’.

Establishment of G20 Secretariat

A G20 Secretariat has been established with Cabinet approval. Former Foreign Secretary Harsh V. Shringla has been appointed as India’s chief G20 Coordinator at Secretary Level. His tenure commenced on 1 st May 22 till 31 st December 23. The G20 Secretariat will be responsible for implementation of overall policy decisions and arrangements needed for steering India’s Presidency. [i]

The Secretariat will be responsible for smooth transition from the previous Presidency, preparations and conduct of all G20 meetings during the year, consultation and coordination with stakeholders and finally handing over to the next Presidency in December 2023. The Secretariat will also enable capacity building, including knowledge and expertise, for supporting India’s leadership on and contribution to global issues in multilateral forums in the years ahead.

The Secretariat will handle work relating to knowledge, technical, media, security and logistical aspects of the Presidency. The Cabinet Secretariat said in a statement: “It will be manned by officers and staff from the Ministry of External Affairs, Ministry of Finance, and other relevant line Ministries/Departments and domain knowledge experts. The Secretariat will be functional till February 2024”.

The India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) has almost completed re-development of Pragati Maidan for setting up of a world class Integrated Exhibition-cum-Convention Centre (IECC) at a cost of Rs 2254 crore. It is the venue of the Summit. [ii] The Government has commenced the process of recruitment to the Secretariat. In a tweet citing a tweet by Ministry of External Affairs Spokesperson Arindam Bagchi confirming that recruitment had started, Prime Minister tweeted: “This is an exciting opportunity…” [iii]

  In accordance with past tradition, the Presidency usually invites some ‘Guest’ countries and International Organisations (IOs) to its G20 meetings and Summit. MEA has announced that as President, India will invite Bangladesh, Egypt, Mauritius, Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman, Singapore, Spain and UAE as ‘Guests’. Bangladesh is the only South Asian neighbour invited as ‘Guest’ to the Summit.

Further, in addition to regular International Organisations (UN, IMF, World Bank, WHO, WTO, ILO, FSB and OECD) and Chairs of Regional Organisations (AU, AUDA-NEPAD and ASEAN), India, as G20 Presidency, will be inviting as ‘Guest IO’s’ the ISA (International Solar Alliance), the CDRI (Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure) and the ADB (Asian Development Bank).

Priorities of the Presidency

What would be the priorities of the Indian Presidency? According to MEA: “Ongoing conversations…revolve around inclusive, equitable and sustainable growth; LiFE (Lifestyle For Environment); women’s empowerment; digital public infrastructure and tech-enabled development in areas ranging from health, agriculture and education to commerce, skill-mapping, culture and tourism; climate financing; circular economy; global food security; energy security; green hydrogen; disaster risk reduction and resilience; developmental cooperation; fight against economic crime; and multilateral reforms.” [iv]

Among its key priorities are climate, digital and health. The Presidency provides an opportunity to showcase India’s leadership inter-alia in climate action and climate commitments. Prime Minister Modi has pointed out that India’s dedication to climate commitments is clear. India has achieved the target of 40% energy capacity from non-fossil sources, nine years before the deadline. At the COP26 Summit last year, Mr Modi announced the ‘Panchamrit’ or five major areas of climate action commitments by India, including creating a net zero economy by 2070. Access to climate finance and technology would be critical in facilitating these ambitious goals particularly for developing countries.

Prime Minister emphasised the importance of behavioural change for catalysing climate action and highlighted the need for collective action by the global community as part of a movement called LIFE – Lifestyle for Environment.  These are most relevant for the G20 today. On digital, India hopes that our start-up sector and our proven capabilities to create tech models that balance the need for global integration and priorities at a national level can be internationalised. Digital India would go global. A new tech order must combine cross-border flows of technology and investment with development and growth aspirations.

On health, India has demonstrated new and innovative approaches to tackle complex challenges including Covid 19. India’s efforts to track the COVID pandemic’s spread relied on the success of the Aarogya Setu digital platform. India’s successful vaccination campaign which saw 2 billion vaccines administered across our populace, was underpinned by the Co-WIN digital platform. Under India’s Presidency, efforts would be made with other G20 partners to create mechanisms that strengthen the capacity of developing countries to tackle health crises like the Covid19 pandemic.

The Indian Sherpa

The Sherpa plays a crucial role in ensuring that the priorities of the Indian Presidency under P M Modi are supported by G20 member states. India’s G20 Sherpa, Amitabh Kant, is an officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), who headed the NITI Aayog for last month six years before his selection as Sherpa by PM. He is supported by the G20 Secretariat.

Kant led an official Indian delegation to the third G20 Sherpa meeting of Indonesia’s G20 Presidency, held in Yogyakarta from 26 th to 29 th September 2022. (The first Sherpa meeting under the Indonesian Presidency was held in December 2021 and the second in July 2022). At the meeting, according to MEA: “Amitabh Kant reaffirmed India’s commitment and active support to Indonesian Presidency’s efforts…He emphasised the need for G20 to bring enhanced global focus on and strengthen international cooperation and efforts in key priority areas such as sustainable growth, accelerated progress on SDGs, addressing climate change including through Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE), tech-enabled development and digital public infrastructure, multilateral reforms and women’s empowerment”. [v]

Significantly, Kant also highlighted Prime Minister Modi’s recent statement on 16 September: “Today’s era is not of war… diplomacy and dialogues are things that touch the world”. On the sidelines of the G20 Sherpa meeting, Kant held bilateral interactions with his visiting Sherpa counterparts from Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Spain, UK and USA. According to informed sources, the Indian delegation led by Kant through its constructive interventions was able to infuse greater positivity and optimism in G20 deliberations, in preparation for the Indian Presidency.

Challenges Identified by the Sherpa

On 5 th September 22, on Twitter, Kant provided a unique insight into PM Modi’s vision for the Indian Presidency. He gave a broad-brush perspective on the core issues of importance noting: “India believes that the G20 countries must close ranks and work together. While the agenda and priorities for the Presidency are still evolving, India is committed to focussing on issues of critical importance to the world [vi] .

The world is facing huge challenges due to post pandemic blues, debt distress, food and energy security and the triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution, along with instability and conflict that are impacting people globally.

The global development agenda is facing monumental challenges at present. The pandemic came on the eve of “Decade of Action” and has disrupted decades of developmental progress globally on many fronts. These effects are compounded by the additional effects of ongoing conflict in Europe. India believes that a conversation on economic growth with sustainability is the need of the hour. The G20 should lead the discussion on how countries can work together to ensure return to economic growth, but one which is rooted in sustainability and sustainable lifestyle.

The concept of LiFE was introduced by PM Modi during the 26 th UN Climate Change Conference of Parties (COP 26) in Glasgow 21. India hopes to highlight LiFE as a critical focus area for discussion and action during our Presidency. India believes that digital technology and digital public platforms are key to deepening engagements of government with citizens. Our belief is that digital identity, content-based framework and payments are key building blocks for a digital future. Digital solutions to traditional problems have transformed and elevated the lives of people across the world. During India’s Presidency, we would like to help take this discussion forward.

We aim to deliver outcomes in areas of critical intent such as integrating the climate and development agenda, accelerating progress towards achieving the 2030 agenda, furthering development cooperation, supporting small and marginal farmers, enhancing food security and nutrition, addressing global skill gaps, promotion of blue economy and coastal sustainability, digital health solutions, green hydrogen and tech-enable learning.

India also hopes to bring into the G20 discussions a focussed conversation on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). The average annual loss from disasters globally is approximately USD 218 billion. We believe that a working group on DRR would help the global efforts in reducing the loss of life and livelihood. India believes that the G20 countries must come together to deliver on matters of crucial importance to the world and not let the Russia-Ukraine crisis dominate the broader agenda. The G20 should show the necessary leadership and flexibility to accommodate differences among its members to effectively deliver outcomes”.

While concluding, Kant stated: “The G20, in India, will comprise around 200 events to be held across all the States and Union Territories. The intention is to execute them to perfection and send back every guest as a brand ambassador of India. Our aim is to create a uniquely Indian experience, which is spiritually invigorating and mentally rejuvenating. India’s achievements—both nationally and internationally—have earned us goodwill. India’s stature is extremely tall in the hearts of people. The G 20 will elevate it to even greater heights”. [vii]

Ukraine-Russia Conflict as a possible Spoiler

India has thus so far meticulously prepared for the Presidency. While the focus will be on sustainable economic growth, there are many challenges ahead with the Ukraine-Russia conflict being a possible spoiler. This is despite PM Modi’s determination not to let it become the spoiler.

The G20 Presidency coincides with the domination of a neo-conservative US approach with regard to Russia. Of concern is also a negative narrative on India emanating from some sections of the Western media as well as politicians, the most recent being the Greens German Foreign Minister. This could be due to resentment at India’s rise and India’s independent stand on Ukraine-Russia. Calls for a negotiated end to the conflict have gone unheeded by the West who seems determined to bring down President Putin. More unfortunate, Russia’s recent reverses seem to have whetted the appetite of NATO to reduce Russia to a subordinate status.

The West seems to be in no mood to listen to Kissinger who at 99, in a recent article, had invaluable advice to offer to the West: “The question will now be how to end that war. At its end a place has to be found for Ukraine and a place has to be found for Russia — if we don’t want Russia to become an outpost of China in Europe.” [viii]

The war has entered a crucial stage and the Russian armed forces have been forced to retreat from some strategic areas it had conquered. President Putin has ordered a partial mobilisation. For the first time, ordinary Russians are feeling the impact of the war.  A businessman in Moscow describes a growing sense of vulnerability by quoting from Kipling’s ‘Jungle Book’, which is a favourite of President Putin as follows: “When a leader of the pack has missed his kill, he is called the Dead Wolf as long as he lives, which is not long”. [ix]

President Putin’s dilemma of whether to consolidate gains which are being reversed by expanding the range of weapons (which is implicitly acknowledging the possibility of using tactical nuclear weapons) is bringing the international community closer to a major conflict than any other time since the Cuban Missile Crisis.

The contradictions in US position on Ukraine has been high-lighted as follows: “First, that of enabling Ukraine to mount a robust defence – a humanitarian intervention; second, and emphasised in repeated bulletins from President Joe Biden’s administration, the intent to “cripple” Russia, not only in the current conflict but in any future (unspecified) military adventurism. This, far from offering protection to Ukraine, guarantees that the war will drag on, with ever greater levels of death and destruction. It has also led to both Russia and the US on hair-trigger launch policy, raising the spectre of two equally catastrophic “next steps”: a grievously wounded Russia lashing out – as Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has threatened as much – or, accidental or inadvertent nuclear action by, for instance, computer error”. For now, one hopes that Benjamin Abelow’s last word is not prophetic: “False narratives lead to bad outcomes.” [x]

Several Western writers and thinkers have a similar perspective. They regret the insistence of the West to dominate the world even when economic power has shifted to Asia. Jeffrey Sachs says: “We are at the 60th anniversary of the Cuban missile crisis, which I’ve studied all my life and I’ve written about, having written a book about the aftermath. We are driving to the precipice, and we are filled with our enthusiasm as we do so. And it’s just unaccountably dangerous and wrongheaded, the whole approach of U.S. foreign policy. And it’s bipartisan”. [xi]

  As incumbent President of the G 20, P M Modi has spoken several times to both President Putin and President Zelensky and most recently to President Zelensky. India is ready to support all efforts at de-escalation. India insists that the global order should be anchored in the principles of the UN Charter, international law and respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of all States. There can be no doubt that the direction of this conflict may cast a long shadow on India’s Presidency.

Concluding Reflections

In the post-pandemic period, this will be undoubtedly the most important multilateral event being organised outside the UN.  India had hosted NAM and CHOGM Summits in 1983 and International Solar Alliance Summit in 2018. These meetings, though important, did not include all P5 and major countries. The G 20 Presidency will be at the beginning of Amritkaal, the next 25 years after the 75 th anniversary of India’s independence, which makes it both futuristic and inclusive. India is also Chair of SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization) from September 2022 to September 2023 and President of the UN Security Council for the month of December 2022.

As the world’s largest democracy, the third largest economy of the world in PPP terms and 2 nd most populous country of the world, India will make a meaningful contribution in the G 20 to support faster, sustainable and inclusive growth. The G 20 Presidency would place India on the global stage, and provide an opportunity for India to place its priorities and narratives on the global agenda. [xii] It would also provide a unique opportunity to showcase India’s progress and developments as well as its rich culture heritage and diversity.

India hopes it can contribute to a speedy end to the Ukraine Russia conflict during its Presidency. India’s hopes for its G 20 Presidency can be summed up in this verse from the Rig Veda:

“May the stream of my life flow into the river of righteousness.

Loose the bonds of sin that bind me.

Let not the thread of my song be cut while I sing;

And let not my work end before its fulfillment”. [xiii]

Author Brief Bio: Amb. Bhaswati Mukherjee is a career foreign service officer. She is one of the most experienced diplomats on Indo-EU relations. In a distinguished career of over 38 years, she has been the Indian Ambassador to The Netherlands as well as India’s Permanent Representative to UNESCO in Paris.

References:

[i] “Harsh V Shringla is G20 chief coordinator”, The Economic Times, Retrieved October 21, 2022, from https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/harsh-v-shringla-is-g20-chief-coordinator/articleshow/90752084.cms

[ii] Mishra, Asit Ranjan. “Cabinet Approves Setting up of G20 Secretariat Ahead of India’s Presidency.” Business Standard News. Business-Standard, February 15, 2022. https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/cabinet-approves-setting-up-of-g20-secretariat-ahead-of-india-s-presidency-122021501426_1.html#:~:text=Last%20Updated%20at%20February%2015%2C%202022%2019%3A55%20IST .

[iii] “PM Shares Recruitment Opportunities at G20 Secretariat under India’s Presidency.” Press Information Bureau. Accessed October 21, 2022. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1863453#:~:text=PM%20shares%20recruitment,an%20exciting%20opportunity%E2%80%A6%E2%80%9D .

[iv] “India’s Forthcoming G20 Presidency” Accessed October 21, 2022. https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/35700/Indias_forthcoming_G20_Presidency

[v] “MEA: Statements: Press Releases.” Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. Accessed October 21, 2022. https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl%2F35773%2FIndia%2Bparticipates%2Bat%2Bthe%2Bthird%2BG20%2BSherpa%2Bmeeting%2Bin%2BYogyakarta%2BIndonesia .

[vi] Kant, Amitabh. “India Taking over Presidency of G20 This Year. What It Means.” The Week. The Week, September 5, 2022. https://www.theweek.in/columns/amitabh-kant/2022/09/05/india-taking-over-presidency-of-g20-this-year-what-it-means.html .

[vii] Amitabh Kant Twitter, Accessed October 21, 2022. https://twitter.com/amitabhk87/status/1577537738811372032?s=48&t=Zb2g6mn-Zmm01_tIaWooBw

[viii] Ferguson, Niall. “Henry Kissinger at 99: How to Avoid Another World War.” The Sunday Times Magazine | The Sunday Times. The Sunday Times, June 12, 2022. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/henry-kissinger-at-99-how-to-avoid-another-world-war-lwt6q5vbq .

[ix] “What next? A Special Report on the World Economy | OCT 8th 2022.” The Economist. The Economist Newspaper. Accessed October 21, 2022. https://www.economist.com/weeklyedition/2022-10-08. p-22

[x] Speedie, David C. “Did the West ‘Bring War’ to Ukraine?” Asia Times. Asia Times, September 3, 2022. https://asiatimes.com/2022/09/did-the-west-bring-war-to-ukraine/ .

[xi] Jeffrey D. Sachs. “The West’s False Narrative about Russia and China.” Jeffrey D. Sachs. Jeffrey D. Sachs, September 16, 2022. https://www.jeffsachs.org/newspaper-articles/h29g9k7l7fymxp39yhzwxc5f72ancr .

[xii] “India’s G20 Presidency Aims to Strengthen Global Support for Diverse Social & Eco Sectors.” The Economic Times. Accessed October 21, 2022. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/indias-g20-presidency-aims-to-strengthen-global-support-for-diverse-social-eco-sectors/articleshow/93506804.cms .

[xiii] Rig Veda 11.28. 1-9

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India’s g20 presidency: challenges and opportunities, author: air commodore savinderpal   singh vsm (retd) , senior fellow, centre for air power studies, keywords: g20 summit, india presidency, indonesia., the g20 leaders’ summit in bali is the grand finale of indonesia’s year-long presidency. the baton passes on to india on december 1, 2022. [1] gavel (fig 1), the symbol of the g20 administration and presidency, is the image of respect that symbolises the world’s foremost financial participatory body. the g20 comprises india, japan, australia, the us, the uk, argentina, canada, france, china, germany, south korea, italy, russia, indonesia, mexico, saudi arabia, south africa, brazil, turkey, and the european union. together, the g20 countries account for more than 80 per cent of the world’s gdp, about two-thirds of international trade, and about 75 per cent of the global population, making it the most important forum for international economic cooperation. the presidency of the g20 implies accountability and responsibility. it presents a remarkable opportunity for the leadership of india to shape the global response to the existing challenges. it is also the moment for india to take initiative and transition from being a ‘rule-taker’ to being a ‘rule-maker.’, challenges for india’s presidency in g20, india’s presidency has come at a time when the world is facing many challenges, ranging from chinese aggression towards taiwan, rising food and energy crisis due to the russia-ukraine conflict, ever-increasing belligerence of north korea, the global economic slowdown, the emerging threats to trade in the indo-pacific region, and the concerns for the environment. [2] with geopolitics high on the g20 agenda this year, it seems like a mammoth task for india to steer it out of rocky waters. significantly, the “incomparable multidimensional crises” behind the summit were already known, and the member nations were eager to know the indian viewpoint on each of the issues. india acknowledged the impending consequences of economic decline, growing global poverty, and the delay in achieving the “sustainable development goals.” [3] the g20 was a divided house, with several leaders abdicating their responsibility to find a way to a peaceful solution in ukraine. political leaders must address the root cause of the food, fuel, and fertilizer crises, the ukraine conflict, and related sanctions. in this regard, the stamp of indian diplomacy by way of pm narendra modi’s statement, “today’s era is not of war,” resonated well, and a finely balanced outcome by the contending groups saved the bali summit. the challenge that now faces india is to take the lead and move forward in getting both warring sides on the negotiation table to end the conflict., with the prime focus of the g20 countries being on securing long-term economic growth, the efforts will have to continue towards the guarantee of food, fertilizer and energy security for all, especially the most disadvantaged households. in particular, the full implementation and continuation of the black sea grain initiative for the export of ukrainian goods would be a major challenge for india. on the issue of climate change, the g20 reiterated its commitment to achieving global zero greenhouse gas emissions or carbon neutrality by the mid of this century . some gaps could be seen in the health security cooperation between the national ministries of finance and health for the pandemic fund to prevent, prepare for, and respond to future pandemics. these three issues would not, by any standard, be easy tasks for the indian presidency. the additional tasks of adding the value of digital technology in several sectors, capacity development, and inclusive industrialization, especially in developing countries, would have to be addressed in parallel., way forward for india’s presidency, pm modi has already been acknowledged as the peacemaker by the very fact that the bali summit ended on a positive note of acceptance by all nations on his famous statement to mr putin that the present era was not that of war. india has also been recognised for its vaccine diplomacy during the post-pandemic recovery period. india is thus in a very strong diplomatic position to use its one-year presidency and leave a mark on the world map. [4] the critical areas that need to be dealt with along with carving out an acceptable solution to the challenges would include:, multilateral cooperation : india must not only take the lead in strengthening the g20 group and reducing the differences that have crept in due to the geopolitical situation, but also set the pace for the future of multilateral cooperation in various fields of the group’s multidimensional agenda., inclusive approach : in the period of the presidency and as the host for the 2023 g20 summit, india must bring forth the views of countries that are not represented in the g20. india must encourage a comprehensive approach with human-centric arrangements to resolve worldwide issues as a way forward. [5], elevating the african union : another significant objective should be to end the sidelining of african nations by promoting the african union’s (au) status from being a perpetual observer to member status of the g20, bringing it to the level of the eu., india-focused view : india must strive to bring together an indo-centric vision, expand the area of critical concerns of the global south, and leverage the diplomatic advantage to share and settle the positions of competing centres of power involving china, the usa-led west block and the russian block., strengthening systems : as the president of the g20, india must aim to strengthen its partnership with international organisations such as the imf, oecd, who, world bank, and wto and strive to get their focus on stricter norms for controlling funds for states involved in terror-related activities., international institute for regulatory development : the g20 presidency gives india an opportunity to initiate a transformation of the global regulatory structure by establishing the international institute for regulatory development (iird). india can be the torchbearer for a new regulatory framework., india, at the g20 summit, has very clearly articulated its vision by stating that, “without peace and security, our future generations will not be able to benefit from economic growth and technological innovation.” [6] as an established global leader now, the promise pm modi makes for an action-oriented and ambitious presidency will be closely watched, not only by the members of the g20 but also by international institutions like the un, think tanks, diplomats across the world, and more importantly, by the neighbouring countries of the indian ocean region (ior). india has already taken the lead in some aspects, particularly in technology with digital public goods and its governance, self-reliance or aatma nirbhar , vaccine diplomacy, and asserting its firmness on various geopolitical issues. therefore, the stage is set now for india to take the lead and work towards global peace, rule-based governance and growth for all on the world canvas., click to view pdf.

[1] “India take G20 presidency”, Indian Express , November 30, 2022, https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/as-india-take-g20-presidency-five-takeaways-from-the-summit-in-bali-8272375/ , accessed on December 01, 2022.

[2] Gautam Chikermane, “Under India’s G20 presidency, security will continue to wag the economy”, ORF , November 20, 2022, https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/under-indias-g20-presidency-security-will-continue-to-wag-the-economy/ , accessed on December 01, 2022.

[3] “India’s challenges as it takes over the G20 presidency” Indian Express , December 01, 2022, https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-g20-presidency-challenges-8279699/ , accessed on December 01, 2022.

[4] “Modi urges unity on ‘greatest challenges,” Reuters , December 01, 2022, https://www.reuters.com/world/india/modi-urges-unity-greatest-challenges-india-assumes-g20-presidency-2022-12-01/ , accessed on December 01, 2022.

[5] “India can play big global role with G20 Presidency,” The Pioneer , December 01, 2022, https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/columnists/india-can-play-big-global-role-with-g20-presidency.html , accessed on December 01, 2022.

[6] PIB Press release. “English Translation of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s remarks at the Closing Session of G-20 Summit in Bali” https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1876366 accessed on December 01, 2022.

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Explainer: India G20 presidency 2023: what does it mean and what can we expect

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Unlocking India’s G20 Presidency: A Journey Through ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ and B20 R.A.I.S.E.

As India prepares to host global leaders representing the diverse nations forming the Group of Twenty (G20) in just a few days, let’s delve into the history of G20 and India’s presidency theme.

The G20 was established in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis in 1999, initially serving as a platform for Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to engage in discussions pertaining to global economic and financial issues.

Comprising 19 countries, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States, along with the European Union, the G20 collectively represents a staggering 85% of the global GDP, over 75% of global trade, and approximately two-thirds of the world’s population. This formidable composition renders the G20 an immensely influential decision-making body on the global stage.

Guest countries are typically invited to attend the annual meeting based on the theme and their relevance to it. Spain, in recent years, has earned a permanent guest status on the list.

Every year, the premier annual fiscal gathering operates under the presidency of one of its member states. In the current year, India holds the prestigious role of host and presidency. The chosen theme, “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam,” which translates to “One Earth • One Family • One Future,” embodies the fundamental concept guiding the decision-making processes during this critical event.

With this theme as the compass, the G20 summit under India’s presidency is poised to address and shape global economic and financial policies for a more interconnected and sustainable world.

Understanding the emotions behind “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”

The theme, “One Earth • One Family • One Future,” is beautifully encapsulated in the logo of G20-2023. Notably, the ‘Zero’ in G20 has undergone a transformation, now featuring the Earth nestled gracefully atop the national flower of India, the lotus. This artistic choice symbolizes India’s profound commitment to an environmentally sustainable approach to policymaking.

Beneath the logo, the term ‘Bharat’ is elegantly inscribed in the ancient Devanagari script, an ancient Indian writing system. This inclusion carries a deep significance, highlighting India’s dedication to preserving its rich traditions even as it forges ahead into the future. The chosen theme serves as a powerful vehicle to instill in people the concept of LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) through astute policymaking. LiFE emphasizes the pivotal role of responsible, sustainable changes in both national and global development, aligning seamlessly with the G20-2023’s vision of a harmonious and interconnected world.

B20 R.A.I.S.E. Responsible, Accelerated, Innovative, Sustainable and Equitable Businesses

Preceding the significant events of the G20 summit are the pivotal B20 meetings, representing the business forum of the G20. Established in 2010, this forum serves as a vital gathering ground for diverse businesses united by a common goal: fostering a community that can advocate for policies driving inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

In the current year, the B20 summit has been chaired by India, bearing the theme R.A.I.S.E., which stands for Responsible, Accelerated, Innovative, Sustainable, and Equitable Businesses. This theme forms the bedrock of the B20’s mission, guiding its efforts to shape policies that align with these principles. The recommendations generated during the B20 meetings hold substantial weight as they are communicated to the G20 committees through the B20 Communique. The Communique encompasses a comprehensive document outlining policy recommendations across nine priority areas this year. These include inclusive global value chains for bolstering resilient trade and investment, the future of work, skills, and mobility, the ever-evolving landscape of digital transformation, financial mechanisms for global economic recovery, the critical aspect of financial inclusion, energy, and climate change, resource efficiency, the pivotal domains of technology, innovation, and R&D, the integration of ESG principles in business practices, and the crucial matter of Africa’s economic integration.

These recommendations serve as a compass, guiding the G20 towards policies that address some of the most pressing global challenges while fostering sustainable, inclusive, and equitable economic growth on a global scale.

On a concluding note:

As the city of Delhi adorns itself to host the 18th G20 summit, a historic event gracing Indian soil for the very first time on September 9th and 10th, anticipations run high. This gathering promises pivotal policy deliberations and casts a spotlight on the so-called ‘Third World Country’ in a manner never seen before. It’s a moment to showcase India’s remarkable technological prowess and vigilant governance, attributes that have enabled the nation to weather the storm of the global financial recession.

With the global spotlight shifting towards India, other nations are gearing up to assume the mantle of G20 leadership in the coming years. Brazil is poised to take the reins for the G20 presidency in 2024, followed by South Africa in 2025. These transitions mark a significant chapter in the ongoing global dialogue on economic cooperation and sustainable development.

The 18th G20 summit in Delhi is not just a milestone for India but also an opportunity for the world to witness the country’s strategic influence on the global stage. It serves as a testament to India’s emergence as a key player in shaping the economic landscape and fostering cooperation among nations.

BLS International extends its best wishes to its homeland, India, as the country prepares to host the historic 18th G20 summit on its grounds. It’s a momentous occasion that carries the aspirations of not just a nation but the hopes of a better, more connected world for all.

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Nation-building efforts in g-20 and india as an emerging leader.

Colonel Balwan Singh Nagial

Colonel B S Nagial(Retd) is a third-generation Indian Army officer who retired in 2019 after rendering three decades of service. He spent 15 years in fighting terrorism. He is working as Director, Academy of Proficiency & Training, Chandigarh. Various articles and research papers have been published in his name in Times of India, Times of Israel, Daily Excelsior, CLAWS, Security Link India, etc. His major areas of interest are National Security, Counter Terrorism and International Relations. LESS ... MORE

The Group of Twenty is a leading avenue for global economic cooperation. It plays a vital role in shaping and strengthening the international structure and the governance of almost all economic activities. India holds the presidency of G-20 wef 01 Dec 2022 to 30 Nov 2023. The G20 came into being in 1999, after the financial crisis in Asia, as a platform for Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to deliberate on global economic and financial issues. The G-20 was upgraded to the Heads of State/Government level in the wake of the global economic and financial crisis of 2007. In 2009, it was assigned as the leading forum for global economic cooperation .

The G-20 summit takes place yearly under the leadership of a rotating Presidency. Initially, this group focused mainly on broad macroeconomic issues. However, it has since enlarged its focus to trade, sustainable development, health, agriculture, energy, environment, climate change, and anti-corruption. The G-20 member nations represent about 85% of the worldwide GDP, over 75% of the worldwide trade, and about two-thirds of the world population.

The G-20 Presidency coxswains its schedule for one year and conducts the summit. It entails two parallel pathways: the Finance Track and the Sherpa Track . In the course from the Sherpa side, it is synchronised by the ‘Sherpas’ of the member countries, who are personal emissaries of their countries’ leaders. Finance Ministers and the Governors of Central Banks of the member nations lead ‘Finance Track’. Within the two tracks are thematically focused working groups in which representatives from the concerned ministries of the members, invited/guest countries, and various international organisations participate. Also, there are ‘Engagement Groups’ which blend the support and cooperation of civil societies, parliamentarians, think tanks, women, youth, labour, businesses and researchers of the G20 countries.

The G-20 can help nation-building through global cooperation by promoting economic growth, financial stability, and sustainable development. Tthe G-20 could contribute to nation-building in the following ways:

• Promoting economic growth: The G-20 can help countries build economies by encouraging investment, trade, and innovation policies. By sharing best practices and coordinating economic policies, the G-20 can help create an environment conducive to economic growth and job creation.
• Addressing global challenges: The G-20 can play a vital role in addressing global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and migration. By working together, the G-20 can develop policies and strategies that effectively deal with these issues and ensure that all share the benefits of economic growth.
• Strengthening global financial systems: The G-20 can help countries build solid and stable economic systems by promoting sound regulatory policies and financial reforms. By coordinating their efforts, the G-20 can ensure that the global financial system is resilient and can withstand economic shocks.
• Supporting sustainable development: The G-20 can help countries achieve sustainable growth by promoting environmentally and socially inclusive policies. By investing in renewable energy, improving infrastructure, and providing access to education and healthcare, the G-20 can help countries build a sustainable future.

Thus the G-20 can help in nation-building by promoting economic growth, addressing global challenges, strengthening global financial systems, and supporting sustainable development. The G-20 can help create a more prosperous, stable, and sustainable world by working together.

India’s G20 Presidency theme is Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, One Earth-One Family-One Future. The theme confirms the value of all life – human, animal, plant, and microbes – and their interaction on the Earth and in the universe. This theme also focuses on LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment), with its connected, environmentally sustainable and responsible choices for individual lifestyles and national development, leading to global transformation resulting in a cleaner, greener environment.

The logo and the theme send a powerful message of India’s G-20 Presidency, which is determined for impartial and unbiased development for all in the world as we circumnavigate through these tempestuous times in a supportable, holistic, responsible, and inclusive manner. They represent a uniquely Indian approach during the G-20 Presidency of existing in harmony with the surrounding ecosystem. For India, the G-20 Presidency also scripts the commencement of Amritkaal , the twenty years starting from the 75th anniversary of its independence on 15 Aug 2022, leading up to the centenary of its independence, towards a futuristic, prosperous, inclusive and developed society, distinguished by a human-centric approach at its core.

India is an emerging leader. India, with an abundance of cultural heritage and a diverse population, over the years, it arose as a significant player in the global economy and a leader in various fields such as technology, medicine, and space exploration. Several factors have contributed to India’s rise as a world leader:

• Economic growth: India has experienced strong economic growth in recent years, which has facilitated it to become a significant player in the global economy. The country has a large and growing middle class, creating a vast consumer goods and services market.
• Technology and innovation : India is home to many tech companies and startups, which have driven innovation in various fields. India has also been investing heavily in research and development, which has helped it become a leader in areas such as artificial intelligence and biotechnology.
• Demographic advantage : India has a large and young population, which provides it with a demographic advantage over many other countries. This has helped India become a primary source of talent for industries worldwide.
• Soft power: India’s rich cultural heritage has helped it project its soft power worldwide. Indian movies, music, and cuisine are popular in many countries, and the country’s spiritual traditions have also gained a following.
• Diplomacy: India has been actively engaged in global diplomacy, forging partnerships with other countries and playing a pivotal role in international forums such as the United Nations.

India’s rise as a world leader results from economic growth, technological innovation, demographic advantage, soft power, and diplomacy. With continued investment in these areas, India is well-positioned to continue its ascent on the global stage.

Conclusion: India’s holding of the G20 presidency has conclusively gestured its rise as an important player on the worldwide stage. Even though many countries in the world, both developed and developing, have found it problematic to successfully handle the difficulties thrown up by the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict. India, by its bold leadership and judicious policies, has been able to efficaciously circumnavigate the gusts it has come across over the last three years. On acquiring this duty, PM Narendra Modi said that India’s G20 presidency will be “inclusive, ambitious, decisive and action-oriented.’’ Visitors to India will definitely experience its fantastic diversity, inclusive traditions, and cultural richness.

India has also emerged as the global South’s strong and clear voice. There is a persistent feeling among numerous small nations that their apprehensions and difficulties do not get the consideration they warrant. In an extraordinary path-breaking inventiveness, India conducted the Voice of the Global South for Human-Centric Development virtual summit from 12-13 Jan 2023. The subject matter of this summit was Unity of Voice, Unity of Purpose . The conference brought together 125 nations of the global South to share their perceptions and significance on a common platform across various issues. The numbers show that the summit received a robust and positive response worldwide.

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G20 : Economic Cooperation ahead

India’s g20 presidency: embracing inclusivity, ambition, and action.

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: India's G20 Presidency and new initiatives

Mains level: India's G20 Presidency, commitment for global good and inclusive approach

Central Idea

• India’s G20 presidency, characterized by the keywords “inclusive, ambitious, and action-oriented,” has made substantial progress in delivering on its promise of inclusivity. By prioritizing the basic necessities of life for every citizen, India has exhibited a strong commitment to social security support and people-centric development.

Inclusive Development Initiatives during India’s G20 presidency

• Digital Public Infrastructure: India’s robust digital infrastructure has played a crucial role in delivering the benefits of development directly to citizens across the country. This transparent and corruption-free system has ensured that developmental programs reach every corner of the nation, bridging the digital divide and empowering citizens.
• Access to Basic Necessities: The government has prioritized providing every citizen with access to basic necessities. For example, around 110 million rural households have been provided with access to clean drinking water at their homes. Additionally, more than 110 million sanitation facilities have been constructed across the country, improving public health and hygiene.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: This flagship financial inclusion program has been instrumental in providing banking services to previously unbanked sections of society. With a focus on women-led development, the scheme has witnessed significant participation, with 56% of Jan Dhan account holders being women, especially in rural and semi-urban areas.
• Women-Led Development : Recognizing the pivotal role of women in driving development, India’s G20 presidency has prioritized women’s empowerment. Policies and initiatives have been designed to foster gender equality, enhance women’s participation in various sectors, and promote their overall well-being.

How India’s Foreign Policy consistently prioritized working for the global public good?

• Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief: India has a long-standing tradition of providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to countries in need. In times of crises India has extended its support by offering medical aid and supplies. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, India provided essential medical supplies to over 190 countries and shared vaccines through the Vaccine Maitri program with more than 150 countries.
• Development Cooperation: Through programs such as the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) and the Indian Development and Economic Assistance Scheme (IDEAS), India has offered capacity building, technical assistance, and development projects in various sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, education, and infrastructure.
• Multilateral Engagements: India actively collaborates with other nations to find collective solutions to issues like climate change, sustainable development, peacekeeping, and poverty eradication. India’s engagement in forums such as the United Nations, G20, BRICS, and regional organizations like SAARC and ASEAN reflects its commitment to multilateralism and working towards common goals.
• Peacekeeping Operations: India has consistently been one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping missions. Indian peacekeepers have played a crucial role in maintaining peace and stability in conflict-affected regions around the world.
• South-South Cooperation: India actively engages in South-South cooperation, which involves sharing knowledge, experiences, and resources among developing countries. India has partnered with other developing nations to address common challenges, share best practices, and promote mutual growth and development.

What is Pro-Planet People’s Movement?

• Prime Minister Modi’s call for a “pro-planet people’s movement” to combat climate change epitomizes inclusivity in its true essence.
• Aligned with this year’s G20 theme of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam or One Earth, One Family, One Future, India demonstrates its holistic worldview, emphasizing collective efforts for global good.
• Derived from the ancient Sanskrit text, the Maha Upanishad, this theme underscores the interconnectedness and value of all life forms, emphasizing the planet Earth’s broader universe

Inclusivity at the Core of India’s G20 Presidency

• Geographic Representation: India has taken steps to ensure geographic inclusivity by holding G20 meetings in different locations across the country, covering all states and Union Territories.
• African Representation: India has actively invited African nations to participate in its G20 Presidency, demonstrating a commitment to inclusivity and engagement with the African continent. Countries such as South Africa, Comoros (African Union Chair), Nigeria, Egypt, and Mauritius have been invited, giving a strong voice to Africa within the G20 discussions.
• Engagement of Non-G20 Members: India has extended invitations to non-G20 member countries, regional organizations, and international organizations for specific G20 meetings. This initiative enriches the discussions by incorporating perspectives and expertise from a wider range of stakeholders. For example, Norway, known for its expertise in the blue economy, has been invited to contribute to the G20 meeting on ocean health.
• Regional and International Organizations: In line with the inclusive approach, India has invited regional and international organizations to participate in specific G20 meetings. This facilitates dialogue and collaboration with organizations such as the United Nations, World Bank, IMF, and other relevant institutions.
• People-Oriented Approach: India’s G20 Presidency adopts a people-oriented approach, encouraging the active participation and engagement of citizens. Various events, including seminars, conferences, and festivals, have been designed to involve the public and make them stakeholders in India’s G20 Presidency.

Facts for prelims

• India’s G20 presidency embodies the values of inclusivity, ambition, and action. By prioritizing the most vulnerable citizens of the world, India aims to foster human-centric development. In an era of global crises, the significance of upholding the sentiment of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam has never been more crucial. India remains committed to inclusivity, ensuring the participation of all in the path to growth and prosperity.

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G20 - India' Presidency

India assumed the presidency of the G20 grouping from Indonesia, on December 1, 2022, and held the post for a year. This gave India a unique opportunity to contribute to the global agenda on pressing issues of international importance. India’s presidency of the G20 ended in Dec 2023. Brazil took over the presidency from India and will hold the 2024 G20 summit at Rio de Janeiro in December.

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Recently G20 summits started focusing not only on macro economy and trade; but also on a wide range of global issues which have an immense impact on the global economy since globalization started progressing and various issues became more intricately intertwined. Those issues included overall development, climate change and energy, health, counter-terrorism, as well as migration and refugees.

The G20 has sought to realize an inclusive and sustainable world through its contributions towards resolving these global issues.

This is an important topic for the UPSC 2024 exam .

G20 India Presidency

India’s G20 logo juxtaposes planet Earth with the lotus, India’s national flower and the theme is ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ or ‘One Earth-One Family-One Future’

• The G20 Logo draws inspiration from the vibrant colours of India’s national flag – saffron, white and green, and blue.
• The Earth reflects India’s pro-planet approach to life, one in perfect harmony with nature.
• The theme also spotlights LiFE ( Lifestyle for Environment ), with its associated, environmentally sustainable and responsible choices, both at the level of individual lifestyles as well as national development, leading to globally transformative actions resulting in a cleaner, greener and bluer future.
• For India, the G20 Presidency also marks the beginning of “Amrit Kaal”, the 25-year period beginning from the 75th anniversary of its independence on 15 August 2022, leading up to the centenary of its independence, towards a futuristic, prosperous, inclusive and developed society, distinguished by a human-centric approach at its core.

Image Source: pmindia.gov

Significance of India’s G20 Presidency : 

• G20 is the premier forum for international economic cooperation representing around 85% of the global GDP, over 75% of the global trade, and about two-thirds of the world population.
• The G20 Leaders’ Summit at the level of Heads of State/Government is scheduled to be held on September 9 and 10, 2023 in New Delhi.
• According to Prime Minister Modi, this term can be an opportunity for India to share its expertise with the world in areas of women empowerment, democracy and digital technologies.
• As a country with core democratic values, India can show the world that the scope of conflict can come to an end when democracy becomes a culture. This gains significance amidst the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict .
• India’s foreign policy is focusing on the ‘global common good’. Through its G20 leadership, India hopes to extend this principle towards finding sustainable solutions to some of the key global challenges emerging out of the interconnectedness of the world, such as climate change, new and emerging technologies, food and energy security, etc.
• This would be the first time when the Troika would consist of three developing countries and emerging economies.
• It is hoped that as a result there would be a shift in the balance of power within the G20 favouring emerging economies to have a greater share in decision-making at this grouping.
• The G-20 Presidency presents a great opportunity for India to correct the long-standing anomalies that go against developing countries, especially in the domain of agriculture and food subsidies.

Read more on India’s G20 Presidency in the Sansad TV Perspective discussion .

G20 Summit 2022 – Indonesian Presidency

The G20 summit, the group’s first post-pandemic summit, recently took place in Bali, Indonesia , in the backdrop of the Russia-Ukraine crisis and a missile attack on Poland. The article gives a brief overview of the G20, highlights of the Bali summit and the significance of India’s G20 presidency.

Key Takeaways From G20 Summit 2022

• Leaders also reaffirmed their ongoing commitment to fostering a robust and long-lasting recovery that advances and maintains universal health care.
• They hailed the World Bank’s creation of the “Pandemic Fund,” a new financial intermediary fund for pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response.
• The World Health Organization (WHO), with assistance from other international organisations, has reaffirmed the commitment of world leaders to strengthen global health governance.
• Digital Transformation & Digital Literacy
• Leaders have acknowledged the significance of digital transformation in achieving sustainable development goals.
• They pushed for further global cooperation to boost digital literacy and skills in order to maximise the benefits of the digital transformation, particularly for women, girls and those who are vulnerable.
• Climate Change: G20 leaders decided to continue their efforts to keep the rise in global temperature to 1.5 degrees Celsius, reaffirming their commitment to the temperature goal in Paris 2015 agreement on climate change.
• Food Security: The leaders praised the Black Sea grains project and pledged to take coordinated action to solve problems concerning food security.
• Focus on the Global Economy: In a departure from last year’s focus on healing the wounds left by the Covid-19 outbreak, the G20 economies agreed in their declaration to pace interest rate rises cautiously to avoid spillovers and warned of “increasing volatility” in currency fluctuations.
• Member nations issued a statement condemning Russia’s aggression in Ukraine “in the strongest terms” and calling for an immediate and complete withdrawal. 
• They also acknowledged that although the majority of members had expressed their opposition to the war in Ukraine, “there were different opinions and differing assessments of the situation and sanctions.”
• A summit of this size will be held for the first time in the nation in New Delhi on September 9 and 10, 2023.
• According to the Indian Prime Minister, India’s G20 chairmanship theme of “One Earth, One Family, One Future” will be reflected in its inclusive, ambitious, definite, and action-oriented presidency.

Challenges For G20 Countries

• Rising Geopolitical Rifts: The global economy is having trouble coping with rising geopolitical rifts like the conflict between the world’s two largest economies, the US and China, or the drop in trade between the UK and the euro area following the Brexit vote.
• Slow Down Of Major Economies: China, one of the main drivers of global economy, is currently experiencing a severe slowdown as a result of its ongoing real estate crisis.
• Expected Recession: While some of the world’s largest economies, including the US and the UK, are expected to experience a recession, others, like countries in the euro area, are more likely to experience a slowdown or even a standstill.
• Persistent High Inflation: Consistently rising inflation, which is reaching historic highs in a number of countries, has reduced purchasing power globally, slowing down economic growth.
• Impact of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: In addition to greatly increasing geopolitical ambiguity, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has also significantly increased worldwide inflation. The associated Western sanctions have made the situation worse. Read in detail about the Russia-Ukraine Conflict in the linked article.
• Impact of Rising Inflation: Central banks around the world have hiked interest rates in response to the high inflation, which has further slowed down economic activity .

Indian Presidency in 2023

The G20 Presidency for 2023 will pass to India. India will take over the G20 Presidency on December 1st, 2022. 

• India will host nearly 200 meetings in 32 different sectors at various places all over the nation while it holds the G20 presidency. 
• G20 Theme : “Vasudhaiva Kutumba-Kam,” or “One Earth, One Family, One Future,” is the focus of India’s G20 Presidency.
• India will work to ensure that there is “just one world,” not a “first world or third world.”
• The G20 Theme embodies India’s efforts to realise its vision of uniting the entire world in pursuit of a common goal and a better future.

The importance of India holding the 2023 Summit is given below:

• India’s G20 Presidency is a special opportunity for India to contribute to the global agenda on urgent issues of global significance.
• The first step toward a new world order for the post-Covid age was to build an international agreement on reforming multilateral organisations like the UN.
• It is an opportunity to take on the role of Global South leader.
• The increasing importance of G20 in a world where issues like global warming, the COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine are pressing issues.

The purpose of establishing G20 is to create an atmosphere that supports equitable global growth and development. They bring together the most powerful economies in the world, both developed and emerging, to talk about global financial and economic stability. However, the way forward to tackle the present situation is:

• Governments must find measures to assist the vulnerable without necessarily increasing debt levels. The need to closely monitor external risks would be a major issue in this regard.
• The G20 leaders must advocate for “more open, stable, and transparent rules-based commerce” in order to alleviate the world’s supply shortages.
• Increasing the global value chains’ resilience would assist safeguard against upcoming shocks.
• Keeping the blazing inflation under control is the G-20’s top priority.
• A strong, sustained, balanced, and inclusive recovery necessitates G-20 cooperation, and this cooperation necessitates not only maintaining peace in Ukraine but also “helping prevent future division”.

The topic has a very high chance of being asked as a UPSC Prelims International Relations Question or as a Current Affairs Question as it has been in the news recently.

G20 Summit 2021 – Italian Presidency

The Italian Presidency – Italy held the Presidency of the G20 Summit 2021 since December 1st 2020. The Summit was held in Rome on October 30th and 31st 2021. 

The last G20 Summit was held on 21 and 22 November 2020 virtually (due to COVID -19 pandemic) under the presidency of Saudi Arabia. India in the g20 summit called for a ‘New Global Index’ that will be based on the following our pillars; Technology, Talent, Transparency, and Trusteeship towards the planet.

The agenda of the Italian Presidency (G20 Summit 2021) rests upon three main pillars: People, Planet, Prosperity. 

• Eradicating poverty, as mandated by the first Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of the United Nations . Read more on Sustainable Development Goals on the linked page.
• Tackling inequality, which has been rising over the past decades and even more during COVID times.
• Building a more inclusive global society that means protecting the most vulnerable such as young people, precarious workers, small and medium enterprises; promoting women’s empowerment; ensuring universal access to education; redistributing opportunities within countries, and decreasing disparities between regions.

Aspirants can go through the following links for detailed information –

• A firm commitment to address key issues such as climate change, land degradation, biodiversity loss and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals enshrined in Agenda 2030.
• A transition towards renewable energies and a green recovery, with a focus on modern, “smart” cities, is essential and is among the main priorities promoted by the Italian Presidency.
• The G20 will also pave the way towards the 26th Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC (COP26), a key milestone in the global fight against climate change, which will be co-hosted by Italy and the United Kingdom. Read in detail on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC on the linked page.

Check out the following links for further details –

• reducing the digital divide, promoting infrastructural developments able to guarantee universal internet access, and achieving adequate and widespread digital literacy. Read about the Digital Divide in India on the linked page.
• exploiting the full potential of the technological revolution to concretely improve the living conditions of citizens all over the world
• making health services more effective; facilitate data sharing to strengthen global pandemic preparedness and response, enhance the reach of educational activities, agile and flexible working models, a better work-life balance for both men and women; improve the efficiency of energy distribution networks, etc.

Read the information provided on the following links to prepare even better –

History of G20

When the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-1998 ended, it was acknowledged that the participation of major emerging market countries was necessary for a discussion on the international financial system. Hence, the G7 Finance ministers agree to establish the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting in 1999.

The meeting of G20 Finance ministers and the Central Bank Governors was centred on major economic and monetary policy issues amongst major countries in the global financial system. Their aim was to promote cooperation towards achieving stable and sustainable global economic growth for the benefit of all countries.

They upgraded to the head of the state level, as a forum for leaders from major developed and emerging market countries. In September 2009, the third summit was held in Pittsburgh where the leaders designated the G20 as the “premier forum for international economic cooperation.” The summit meetings were, henceforth held semiannually until 2010 and annually from 2011 onwards.

What is G20+?

The G20 developing nations, also called G21/G23/G20+ is a bloc of developing nations which was established on August 20, 2003. It is distinct from the G20 major economies.

• The G20+ originated in September 2003 at the 5th ministerial conference of the WTO held at Cancun, Mexico.
• Its origins can be traced to the Brasilia Declaration signed by the foreign ministers of India, Brazil and South Africa on 6th June 2003.
• The declaration stated that the major economies were still practising protectionist policies especially in sectors they were less competitive in and that it was important to see to it that the trade negotiations that took place provided for the reversal of those policies.
• The G20+ is responsible for 60% of the world population, 26% of the world’s agricultural exports and 70% of its farmers.

What did India do in the G20 2019 Summit?

Upcoming G20 summits

Also, Read| India’s relations with France and its significance for UPSC Exam

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Towards a Brighter Tomorrow: India’s G20 Presidency and the Dawn of a New Multilateralism

☆ Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India

Today marks 365 days since India assumed the G20 Presidency. It is a moment to reflect, recommit, and rejuvenate the spirit of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, ‘One Earth, One Family, One Future.’

As we undertook this responsibility last year, the global landscape grappled with multifaceted challenges: recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic, looming climate threats, financial instability, and debt distress in developing nations, all amid declining multilateralism. In the midst of conflicts and competition, development cooperation suffered, impeding progress.

Assuming the G20 Chair, India sought to offer the world an alternative to status quo, a shift from a GDP-centric to human-centric progress. India aimed to remind the world of what unites us, rather than what divides us. Finally, the global conversation had to evolve – the interests of the few had to give way to the aspirations of the many. This required a fundamental reform of multilateralism as we knew it.

Inclusive, ambitious, action- oriented, and decisive — these four words defined our approach as G20 president, and the New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration (NDLD), unanimously adopted by all G20 members, is testimony to our commitment to deliver on these principles.

Inclusivity has been at the heart of our presidency. The inclusion of the African Union (AU) as a permanent member of the G20 integrated 55 African nations into the forum, expanding it to encompass 80% of the global population. This proactive stance has fostered a more comprehensive dialogue on global challenges and opportunities.

The first-of-its-kind ‘Voice of the Global South Summit,’ convened by India in two editions, heralded a new dawn of multilateralism. India mainstreamed the Global South’s concerns in international discourse and has ushered in an era where developing countries take their rightful place in shaping the global narrative.

Inclusivity also infused India’s domestic approach to G20, making it a People’s Presidency that befits that world’s largest democracy. Through “Jan Bhagidari” (people’s participation) events, G20 reached 1.4 billion citizens, involving all states and Union Territories (UTs) as partners. And on substantive elements, India ensured that international attention was directed to broader developmental aims, aligning with G20’s mandate.

At the critical midpoint of the 2030 Agenda, India delivered the G20 2023 Action Plan to Accelerate Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), taking a cross-cutting, action-oriented approach to interconnected issues, including health, education, gender equality and environmental sustainability.

A key area driving this progress is robust Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI). Here, India was decisive in its recommendations, having witnessed the revolutionary impact of digital innovations like Aadhaar, UPI, and Digilocker first-hand. Through G20, we successfully completed the Digital Public Infrastructure Repository, a significant stride in global technological collaboration. This repository, featuring over 50 DPIs from 16 countries, will help the Global South build, adopt, and scale DPI to unlock the power of inclusive growth.

For our One Earth, we introduced ambitious and inclusive aims to create urgent, lasting, and equitable change. The Declaration’s ‘Green Development Pact’ addresses the challenges of choosing between combating hunger and protecting the planet, by outlining a comprehensive roadmap where employment and ecosystems are complimentary, consumption is climate conscious, and production is planet-friendly. In tandem, the G20 Declaration calls for an ambitious tripling of global renewable energy capacity by 2030. Coupled with the establishment of the Global Biofuels Alliance and a concerted push for Green Hydrogen, the G20’s ambitions to build a cleaner, greener world is undeniable. This has always been India’s ethos, and through Lifestyles for Sustainable Development (LiFE), the world can benefit from our age-old sustainable traditions.

Further, the Declaration underscores our commitment to climate justice and equity, urging substantial financial and technological support from the Global North. For the first time, there was a recognition of the quantum jump needed in the magnitude of development financing, moving from billions to trillions of dollars. G20 acknowledged that developing countries require $5.9 trillion to fulfil their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2030.

Given the monumental resources required, G20 emphasised the importance of better, larger, and more effective Multilateral Development Banks. Concurrently, India is taking a leading role in UN reforms, especially in the restructuring of principal organs like the UN Security Council, that will ensure a more equitable global order.

Gender equality took centre stage in the Declaration, culminating in the formation of a dedicated Working Group on the Empowerment of Women next year. India’s Women’s Reservation Bill 2023, reserving one-third of India’s Parliament and state legislative assembly seats for women epitomizes our commitment to women-led development.

The New Delhi Declaration embodies a renewed spirit of collaboration across these key priorities, focusing on policy coherence, reliable trade, and ambitious climate action. It is a matter of pride that during our Presidency, G20 achieved 87 outcomes and 118 adopted documents, a marked rise from the past.

During our G20 Presidency, India led deliberations on geopolitical issues and their impact on economic growth and development. Terrorism and the senseless killing of civilians is unacceptable, and we must address it with a policy of zero-tolerance. We must embody humanitarianism over hostility and reiterate that this is not an era of war.

I am delighted that during our Presidency India achieved the extraordinary: it revitalised multilateralism, amplified the voice of the Global South, championed development, and fought for the empowerment of women, everywhere.

As we hand over the G20 Presidency to Brazil, we do so with the conviction that the our collective steps for people, planet, peace, and prosperity, will resonate for years to come.

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India's G20 Presidency: Significance and challenges as world's biggest economic powers converge on Indian soil

The 18th G20 Summit will be held from September 9-10 next year in New Delhi. Together, the member nations of the G20 comprise over than 80% of global GDP, 75% of global trade and 60% of the world’s population

India’s G20 Presidency: India assumed the presidency of the G20 group of nations from today. India will hold this significant position for a year during which Prime Minister Narendra Modi will chair around 200 meetings that will aim to further global economic growth and prosperity.

The 18th G20 Summit will be held from September 9-10 next year in New Delhi. Together, the member nations of the G20 comprise over than 80% of global GDP, 75% of global trade and 60% of the world’s population.

PM Modi asserted that said the Indian government will organise G20 meetings at around 200 venues in different cities and states in order to showcase India’s culture, traditions and diversity.

“India’s G20 presidency is a proud occasion for every Indian and that the country. Our guests will get full experience of India’s amazing diversity, inclusive traditions, and cultural richness. We wish that all of you will participate in this unique celebration in India, the ‘Mother of Democracy’. Together, we will make the G20, a catalyst for global change,” PM Modi told the media.

Let us have a look at the significance of India’s G20 Presidency and the challenges therein.

- The G20 presidency does not offer any formal power to the host nation but it does present an opportunity to influence the collective economic agenda of some of the most powerful and influential nations in the world. This may give India the chance to turn the discussion towards its preferred direction and further its own economic agenda.

- India will have an opportunity to solve some of the most pressing global problems and boost its significance on the global stage.

- One of the biggest challenges of India’s G20 presidency is expected to be building a consensus towards finding common accepted solutions for major challenges such as a slowing global economy, a massive debt crisis that threatens to affect around 70 nations, a spike in worldwide poverty due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the climate crises.

- Another major challenge during India’s G20 presidency will be to find a solution to the global fuel crisis due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine War.

- India may seek to further cause of climate justice by steering the G20 towards providing adequate finance to the ‘Global South’.

- Another agenda during India’s G20 presidency will be building consesus for reforms in global financial institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in order to better fulfill the needs and aspirations of developing economies.

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India’s G20 Presidency: An Opportunity to Steer the World Toward Inclusive and Sustainable Growth

As a leading development partner of India, ADB is supporting India’s G20 Presidency on these key priorities: supporting cities as engines of economic growth, clean energy transition, and shaping a global health agenda.

Article | 19 June 2023 Read time: 6 mins

Share this page, key takeaways.

•   India’s theme for its G20 Presidency, “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (One Earth - One Family - One Future) is aiming to build unanimity to address global challenges collectively and effectively.
•   As a leading development partner of India, ADB is supporting India’s G20 Presidency on its key priorities: supporting cities as engines of economic growth, clean energy transition, and shaping a global health agenda.
•   India has an important opportunity during its G20 Presidency to establish a legacy of success across these critical challenges and it has friends that it can rely on for support.

India’s G20 Presidency this year presents an exceptional opportunity for the country to spearhead a collective approach to tackle multiple, complex, and interconnected challenges, while placing, front and center, the aspirations and needs of the developing world.

The COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruptions, climate change, food and energy security risks, geopolitical tensions, inflation, and a looming debt crisis all contribute to economic slowdown and uncertainty in global economic growth.

  India has set “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” or “One Earth - One Family - One Future” as the theme for its G20 Presidency, rightly aiming to instill a sense of unanimity essential for addressing these global challenges collectively and effectively. Prime Minister Narendra Modi further envisions India’s G20 agenda to be “inclusive, ambitious, action-oriented, and decisive.” India’s successes and experiences are critical to tailoring global solutions.

The adverse impact of climate change requires an urgent just transition to clean energy.

Cities need enhanced capacities of urban planning, municipal finance, technologies, and governance and private sector engagement to provide integrated solutions.

India's g20 priorities.

India has identified a wide array of cutting-edge priorities that are being deliberated by various G20 working groups, to help address the key challenges we face and to plan for a better future. Let me highlight three of them.

The first agenda relates to financing tomorrow’s cities and establishing them as the foremost engines of economic growth. While cities generate over 80% of global gross domestic product, unplanned and rapid urbanization constrain their economic potential. It is estimated that by 2050, nearly twice as many people will live in cities. To sustain their economic potential, cities need to become more livable through upgraded infrastructure and services, such as reliable water, transport, power, waste management, and affordable housing.

Cities must also be nurtured as hubs for entrepreneurship, jobs, and skill development. This requires massive investments in smart, sustainable, and resilient urban infrastructure. Globally, roughly $5.5 trillion needs to be invested in urban infrastructure annually over the next 15 years. The private sector is an important partner in these needed investments. The G20 platform could be used to mobilize international support to bridge this financing need.

The second agenda where India can lead the way is in energy transition. Enabling an orderly and just transition from carbon-intensive energy to renewable energy would not only help combat climate change, but also help bolster energy security, raise economic productivity and create jobs, improve environmental outcomes, and prune health costs. In other words, decarbonization is development.

Today, India is the world’s third-largest producer of renewable energy, with further expansion underway. India’s success in scaling up solar energy, along with recently announced programs such as the National Hydrogen Mission , Production-Linked Incentives for electric vehicles and the manufacture of solar technologies and battery energy storage, and incentive mechanisms for supporting offshore wind, all allow the country to lead by example and drive global collaboration to reduce the cost of achieving net-zero emission.

  India has made efforts for the G20 to focus on the need to expand and diversify critical minerals and renewable energy supply chains for economies to secure uninterrupted and affordable access to renewable energy and energy storage, both prerequisites for the overall transition to net-zero emission.

The third agenda relates to health care. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the compelling need for a united global approach to fortify health systems to effectively address emerging health crises. India’s G20 Presidency is a medium of change towards more resilient, responsive, and sustainable health systems and to advance previously established G20 pandemic preparedness efforts.

G20 can help shape a global health agenda focused on ensuring universal, affordable, and quality health services. Giving priority to enhancing health emergency prevention and preparedness (with focus on One Health and linkages between climate change and health), strengthening cooperation in the pharmaceutical sector, and leveraging digital health innovations and solutions to aid universal health coverage, is critical.   India can lend its experience in framing a successful national digital health architecture through supportive regulatory environment, private-public partnerships, and digital health interventions such as CoWIN and National Digital Health Mission.

ADB's support for India's G20 presidency

  As a leading development partner of India, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is supporting India’s G20 Presidency on these key priorities. To transform Indian cities into “Cities of Tomorrow”, ADB will assist in “Creating Investable Cities” that can mainstream climate resilience; leverage mobilization of resources such as municipal bonds, innovative climate finance, and new sources of revenue through appropriate urban planning and transit-oriented development ; and mobilize much-needed private sector investments.

ADB is mainstreaming just energy transition within all of its operations. It will work with the government and large financial intermediaries in establishing pools of low-cost finance to fund residential solar rooftop, electric vehicles, and energy storage investments. In partnership with the International Solar Alliance , ADB is supporting the government in developing a virtual Center of Excellence on Green Hydrogen.

ADB is discussing the development of a Climate and Health Hub (CHH) to galvanize local, regional, and global climate and health actions under India’s G20 Presidency. ADB supports the G20 Presidency’s Global Initiative on Digital Health and in transforming the National Centre for Disease Control into a Regional Center for Disease Control with global reach.

India has an important opportunity during its G20 Presidency to establish a legacy of success across these critical challenges and it has friends that it can rely on for support.

This article was written by Takeo Konishi, Country Director, India Resident Mission, ADB

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India’s G20 Presidency to focus on revival of growth, just green and digital transitions: Amitabh Kant

‘India to use its political capital and leadership to evolve a consensus to also achieve short-term goals including on climate finance, and bring development to the core of G20 agenda’

New Delhi, August 27

India’s year-long G20 Presidency beginning December 2022 will focus on building a consensus within the grouping of the world’s 20 major economies on measures to revive global economic growth in a human-centric and inclusive manner, ensure just green and digital transitions, and achieve Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, according to India’s G20 Sherpa Amitabh Kant.

Observing that India’s G20 Presidency comes at a time of multiple challenges including geo-political tensions, that is the Russia-Ukraine war and the China-Taiwan crisis, global supply chain disruptions, climate action deceleration, international trade slowdown, high global debt, inflationary pressures, and the impending recession, Mr Kant said India will use its political capital and leadership to evolve a consensus to achieve short-term goals including on climate finance. He was speaking at programme organised by the New Delhi-based think-tank RIS under the theme ‘Towards Indian G20 Presidency: Delhi Process VI-Exploring New Development Paradigms and Growth Strategies.’

Referring to the bleak scenario within the G20 currently, Mr Kant said the G7 countries are not even willing for photo opportunity or discussions with Russia on account of the Ukraine conflict. Noting that challenges, especially in the post-COVID era, could throw up opportunities to take ‘development’ to the core of the G20 agenda, he said India will showcase its achievements including in SDG localisation as well as its development of open-source platforms including on COVID-19 vaccination registration and unified payment interface.

  Mr Kant said India has created a unique digital public infrastructure on the basis of individual consent – a model that can be replicated across the world as sensitive personal data in India is not in the hands of the Big Tech, adding that “(while building public infrastructure) we believe in empowering citizens and not in putting them in debt traps.” He urged emerging economies including Brazil and South Africa, which will be sequentially holding the G20 Presidency (in December 2023 and December 2024 respectively) after India, to focus on being leaders in ‘sunrise sectors’ such as green hydrogen, and digitalisation of health and education to penetrate global markets instead of fighting for space in the sunset sectors.

  Speaking on the occasion, Professor Anil Sooklal, Ambassador-at-Large for Asia and BRICS, Department of International Relations and Cooperation, South Africa, said during India’s G20 Presidency, ‘development’ needs to be brought in from the margins to the centre of the G20 agenda. Issues such as women’s empowerment, industrialisation of Africa, elimination of illicit financial flows from the Global South including Africa were critical components of the development agenda, but due to lack of continuity, they did not find a place in the mainstream of G20 agenda so far, he said. 

Professor Sooklal, who is also South Africa’s BRICS Sherpa, IBSA (India-Brazil-South Africa) Sherpa, and Focal Point for IORA (Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation, said India’s G20 Presidency gives a marvellous opportunity for IBSA coordination to ensure the implementation of the development agenda by the G20. He said the landmark IBSA Fund for poverty and hunger alleviation should be expanded by bringing it into the G20 agenda. He added that India could also consider convening a meeting of the Development Ministers of G20 countries to take forward the development agenda.

Mr Dammu Ravi, Secretary (Economic Relations), Ministry of External Affairs, India, said there is a need to look at greater partnerships between developed and developing countries by finding synergies in their respective strengths, that is the financial and technological might of the Global North and the skills and low-cost solutions of the Global South. It is also vital to encourage the private sector to play a greater role in the development agenda, he said. Further, he added given the currency fluctuations, it will be crucial for the Global South to enter into currency swap agreements and link them to projects and trade in minerals and other commodities. Professor Sachin Chaturvedi, Director General, RIS, said the Delhi Process is a great opportunity to take forward South-South Cooperation and Triangular Cooperation, and tackle global challenges including inflation, as well as to ensure supply chain resilience and infrastructure building with local participation.

Mr Jorge Chediek, Director and Envoy of the UN Secretary-General, United Nations Office for South-South Co-operation (UNOSSC), said the Delhi Process is important as it gives an opportunity for IBSA countries to bring back development into the global governance processes by addressing the human dimensions including employment. Mr André Aranha Corrêa do Lago, the Ambassador of Brazil to India, expressed concern over countries going back on their climate commitments. He said the G20 Presidency of India, Brazil and South Africa should also be seen as an opportunity to revitalise the IBSA dialogue process. (ENDS)

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Youth can play a key role in India’s G20 presidency

As people from different parts of the world visit indian states, the youth must spearhead initiatives to showcase the rich cultural mosaic and various developments of their respective states..

December 1, 2022, will remain a watershed moment for India and its 1.41 billion citizens as the country received the glorious opportunity to host the largest-ever multilateral event on its soil. This is an honour as well as a great responsibility as this occasion has come during the amrit kaal of our Independence. India’s G20 presidency officially began with the “University Connect” programme, which witnessed youth engagement on a large scale. These young people will lead India from the front, in the years to come.

India’s G20 presidency is not merely a diplomatic event. As part of the G20 process, people from diverse strata and occupations will also participate under different meeting formats. This is a great opportunity for every Indian citizen. As Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi rightly said, “Today, there is an unprecedented curiosity in the world to know and understand India. Today, India is being studied in a new light. Our current successes are being assessed and unprecedented hopes are being expressed about our future. In such an atmosphere it is the responsibility of the citizens to go beyond these expectations and acquaint the world with India’s capabilities, philosophy, social and intellectual strength.”

As citizens, it is our collective responsibility to showcase India in ways befitting its stature and glory. Our G20 presidency is an opportune moment for us to showcase our tradition of Atithi Devo Bhava (a guest is akin to God). In October, Mission Lifestyle for Environment was launched. The concept of pro-planet people and the focus on individual behaviour is derived from our ethos of living close to nature; taking from Mother Nature to satisfy our needs and not our greed. These are challenging times, but there are opportunities as well. India has taken the lead in spearheading the transition towards cleaner sources of energy. Our global initiatives such as the One Sun, One World, One Grid and the International Solar Alliance have been complemented by our domestic commitment towards achieving 50% installed electricity capacity through non-fossil fuel sources.

Our evolving experience with bridging the domestic digital divide can provide valid lessons to the international community. The vibrant startup ecosystem in our country is evidence that the sky’s the limit where our youth are concerned. India is ranked third globally in its fintech strength after the United States (US) and China. As of October, India has more than 80,000 recognised startups spread across 660 districts.

Under PM Modi’s leadership, we have continuously crafted our policies to suit the genius of our youth. The National Education Policy 2020 is a holistic and futuristic framework based on the foundational principles of access, equality, quality, affordability, and accountability. It aims to build the creative potential of every student in sync with the requirements of the 21st century. The real asset of our nation is our people. G20-related activities during our presidency, therefore, rightly focus on this partnership. Hosting the meetings at 50-plus locations in the country will ensure that the experience of the presidency is pan-Indian. Every state government, every Union Territory and every citizen is a stakeholder in the process of India’s presidency.

For facilitating active participation, a number of interesting activities such as Model G20, G20 branding in festivals, selfie contests with monuments, especially those illuminated with the G20 logo, poetry and quiz competitions are being organised by the G20 secretariat. India’s youth must participate in these activities and make it a truly people’s G20, by fully using this special opportunity. Universities can train students to present their local history and important landmarks, art forms and other cultural traditions of their area. Such students can then be part of organising some of the meetings and also guiding foreign delegates. The G20 secretariat and the department of higher education can consider identifying partner universities for different locations. Apart from places of historical, economic and cultural importance, there could be immersive experiences such as nature walks, village visits, trips to weekly and local markets. Creative informational videos can be produced in English and other G20 languages. Photos of the visits and testimonials by G20 delegates can be uploaded to the official website. Students can be trained to become rapporteurs of sessions. Universities with foreign language departments may be particularly useful for providing translation-related assistance. Such a pool of translators and rapporteurs may be provided further training by the G20 secretariat and used during various sessions. This can also become a human resource pool for other future global events that we may host.

The G20 meetings will be a unique opportunity to learn from the experiences of different countries. Short discussions, lectures and workshops with speakers from G20 countries and local experts can be considered. The topics may be related to the theme of the meeting proposed at that location. For example, a location where meetings on the digital economy are being planned can organise sessions on the importance of the digital economy for India and the world in the next 25 years. Cultural shows may be organised by students during these programmes. An online monthly journal containing research articles on G20 themes may be brought out by the University Grants Commission with a sharp focus on how India can play a leading global role. G20 representatives also bring their culture along with them.

Being the torch-bearers of our rich heritage, students and young people are indeed India’s cultural ambassadors. As people from different parts of the world visit Indian states, the youth must spearhead initiatives to showcase the rich cultural mosaic and various developments of their respective states. These exchanges and interactions with international delegates will lay the foundation of a long-term and symbiotic interconnectedness among the young people of all G20 countries.

PK Mishra is principal secretary to the Prime Minister. The article is based on a speech delivered by the author at the University Connect event on December 1. The author would like to acknowledge inputs given by R Vyasan, director, PMOThe views expressed are personal

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