different essay types in ielts

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IELTS Essays: Five Types of IELTS Essays

There are 5 types of IELTS essays which can appear in IELTS writing task 2. These types of essays are for both GT and Academic writing task 2. Below you will find sample essay questions for each type of essay and links to model answers.  Please note that IELTS teachers sometimes divide essays into different categories based on how they teach.

1) IELTS Opinion Essay

This type of essay is where you are presented with someone else’s opinion and you are asked if you agree or disagree with it. The opinion is often flawed or extreme in its views. Some teachers call this the Argumentative Essay. The instructions can be written in a number of ways. Below are a few examples:

• To what extent do you agree?
• Do you agree?
• Do you agree or disagree?
• What is your opinion?

No matter how the instructions are written, you can take any position you want: agree, disagree or partial agreement (balanced view). Below is an example essay question:

Opinion Essay Question:  Some people think that only electric cars should be allowed on the road by 2040. Do you agree?

2) IELTS Discussion Essay

This type of essay presents you with a statement and you must present the two sides. This might be two sides of the same issue:

Some people think there should be free health care for all people, but others disagree. Discuss both sides.

Or it might be two separate issues which you need to discuss:

Some people think that urban spaces should be used for parks rather than for housing. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

3) IELTS Advantage Disadvantage Essays

There are two types of questions in this category.

i) Advantage and Disadvantage Essay

This is similar to a discussion essay where you are given a statement must present the positive and negative side of the issue:

Some people think it is good for students to take a gap year before going to university. What are the advantages and disadvantages of doing so?

ii) Outweigh Essay

This is by far the most difficult of the two essay types in this category. It requires you to present an opinion and explain your opinion.

Some people think the world will eventually have only one language. Do you think the advantages of having one global language outweigh the disadvantages?

4) IELTS Solution Essays

There are a number of types of possible questions in this category:

i) Solution Only

Some children have serious weight problems. What are the possible solutions?

ii) Cause Solution

Children in rural areas are being left behind in their academic development. Why is this is the case? What solutions can you suggest?

iii) Problem Solution

More and more people are moving to cities to look for work. What problems does this cause? What are the possible solutions?

5) Direct Questions Essays

Some teachers call these the Two Question Essay. However, these types of essay questions might contain one, two or three questions for you to answer. Below are some examples.

Pollution around the world is becoming a serious problem. Do you think this is a problem that should be solved internationally or on a local level?

In the question above, you are asked one specific question. Your whole essay must tackle this question only.

More and more people are choosing to work from home. Is this a positive or negative development?

This essay question has just one issue and one question. You must explain what type of development you think working from home is.

Some people spend a lot of money on weddings. Why do they do this? Do you think it is good to spend a lot of money on weddings?

Above, you will see you have been presented with two questions to answer: reasons and opinion (evaluating if it is good or not.) 

News editors decide what to print in newspapers and what to broadcast on TV. What factors do you think influence these decisions? Do we become used to bad news? Would it be better if more news was reported?

As you can see there are three questions to answer in this essay question. It is not common to get three questions. If you get three, just tackle them one at a time in a logical order.

Practice Essay Questions for IELTS

You can find over 100 essay questions to practice on this page: 100 IELTS Essay Questions . The questions are divided first into topics and then into essay types. This way you can get lots of practice before your actual test day.

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Hello Liz, I just saw my test results and wanted to tell you about the questions they asked me here in Australia.

In Task 1 of the writing section, they presented a table and a graph. The main topic was the number of internet searches made between 2004 and 2010. The table showed the total searches in 2004 in billions and the number of searches in 2010, also in billions. It was a line graph where the vertical axis showed the percentage and the horizontal axis showed the years (moths with years). The lines represented the different search engines like Google, Yahoo, and two others that I can’t remember.

Regarding Task 2, the essay was about the issue of overweight. Some people think it could be solved by increasing the prices of fattening foods, and the question was how much I agreed with this. They asked for examples from personal or close experiences.

Honestly, I didn’t achieve the required score, but still, this is an excellent source for studying, and I will continue using it to achieve the score I need. Thank you so much, Liz!

Thanks for sharing 🙂 Wishing you the best of luck with your target score!!

Hi Liz, I hope you are doing well. I really do not understand what kind of question is it. I think it is an opinion essay but sill have some doubts. Could you please tell me how to solve this kind of questions? “Many countries are experiencing population growth and need more homes. Should these new houses be constructed in existing cities or should new towns be built in the countryside?”

This is a Direct Question Essay with only one question. It is asking you for your opinion about two possible options. Your task is to decide if you think there should be housing rather than new towns or whether you think there should ne new towns instead of housing. You present your view and then explain it.

Thank you so much Mam.

Hii dear liz, First of all thank you very much for providing us such kind of informative content. I have lot of learn things from your videos and written materials. I have an issue in grammer. Could you please give me any idea which would assist me to overcome my grammatical error….please let me know as soon as possible

I understand. Grammar is counts for 25% of your marks in IELTS writing. This is the reason I put together my Grammar E-book for Writing task 2. You can find it in my store: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/

Thank so much Mam

Response to opinion based essay:

Electric cars are progressively replacing non-electric cars by the end of 2040. While it is possible that electric ones will eventually replace the other cars, it is unlikely that they will end up serving the same purpose. This essay will discuss why only few electric cars will be carried out by people.

Electric cars may eventually replace non-electric cars that are not compatible for the environment. Many people think that only electric powered vehicles should be allowed on the road because they emit far less emissions,and less maintenance is required. In China, for example many non-electric motors have been replaced by plug-in vehicles that are more environment friendly and budgeted. For these reasons, cars that can be replaced by electricity will be replaced.

Conversely, there are multiple factors that only electric cars will not be allowed only. Put simply, these factors include affordability and infrastructure development. A necessary framework including charging stations, grid capacity must be required. Without charging stations, drivers may face anxiety and hesitant to switch to electric cars. Additionally, switching completely to electric ones will increase a demand of charging from the grid stations.

It is increasingly likely that powered vehicles will end most non-powered cars. In most of the countries, traveling will be done entirely by electric cars; however, where the money and development are major issues they will always exist. Ultimately, addition of very few electrical cars is valuable but it is not a complete replacement of other cars.

Please get my advanced lessons to learn the correct way to write an IELTS essay: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/ . Each advanced lesson takes 1 hour for me to explain how to write one type of essay. It isn’t something I can explain in a short message. An IELTS essay has specific requirements which you need to learn about. If I could give you small pointers, I would. But you really need to learn the right way in detail.

dear Liz i am very grateful to u for presenting helpful notes here. they are truly informative. i downloaded your series of grammar book last year and learned quite good topics that i used to find challenging. do you have any grammar notes for IELTS beginners?

Sorry, I don’t have anything for beginners. My Grammar E-book basically covers everything I can thing of. Is there something specific you are interested in? If you let me know, I could plan to create something.

Hlo mam ..I am not able to use proper grammer in task 1 ..and to be honest I don’t know which grammer is to be use in different graphs charts etc could u plz tell me mam..r can u plz tell me the accurate souce where ..would I find ..proper … instructions tht how to or what grammer we should use in task 1..I would be very helpful if u rply…??

I don’t have one page or one lesson which focuses on all aspects of grammar for all types of task 1 writing. I suggest you review all my model answers and make notes on sentence structure, tenses, prepositions, articles, noun phrases, clauses, word order etc etc. Model answers can be used for more than only studying structure or general content. Then review all practice lessons and also pay attention to the grammar being used. There’s a lot of free materials to study: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-1-lessons-and-tips/

hy liz i want to sample answers of ielts academic writing task 2

Model essays and tips for writing task 2 are found on this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/

Hello Liz, please I want to be receiving updates to enable me prepare for my IELTS exam.

There are over 300 page of practice lessons, tips, model answers and topics on this website which you should be using now for your IELTS preparation. Go to the HOME page to learn how to use this website. I post new lessons and tips once or twice a month because my website already has so many tips and lessons.

Hello mam, thank you for your great note in this important topic. In concern of how to organize the body of the essay writing I think it is hard to follow the arrangement of the question you gave on the note. Can use each paragraph for each opinion and add an introduction and a conculsion for that to develope my essay writing ?

You can find free model essays, tips etc on this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/ You can find advanced lessons and e-books in my store: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/

Hi Liz, Do I write and underline my headings for example, do I write an introduction underline, and do the same with other headings?

My second question is do I write an introduction, overview, Paragraphs 1&2, then conclusion for task 2, essay writing?

As you can see from my model essays, no titles or headings are required for your essay. The paragraph format you can find tips for on the main writing task 2 page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/ You’ll also find model essays on that page.

Hi Liz, Kindly advise which are the two top essay types that frequently appears on the test day. I am expecting to take IELTS test two weeks from now and think I do not have enough time to practice all 5 question types. In addition, I assume that each question types are not equally tested. Thank you for your kindness.

No matter what people tell you, all the types of essays are possible. Focusing on only two is really taking a risk. You have two weeks before your test which is quite a lot of time to review the five types and ideas for topics as well. If I had to pick two types of essays, it would be the Opinion Essay and the Discussion Essay – but it really could be any type. Here is my advice, get my three advanced lessons for writing task 2, together they will cover three types of essays in three hours all together. This is a link to my store: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/ . For the other two types of essays, review my model essays on this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/ , also review the linking words, how many paragraphs and other tips as well. Good luck!!

Hello Liz, is it okay to use templates for writing task 2 that is available online some say it decrease our band score while others say it will increase our band scores. I am really confused at the moment.

If you are aiming for a low band score, it’s fine. If you are aiming for a higher band score, it won’t help. The examiners are trained to spot the difference between a templated essay with memorised language in it and an essay that shows your own level of English.

I learnt a lot from Your lessons and only because of You I achieved the score I was aiming for. Honestly, thank You very very much. You are doing a wonderful job.

Best wishes from Lithuania!

I’m glad to hear you got the score you needed. Well done 🙂 Greetings to all in Lithuania!

I just want to ask, in the opinion essay, should we always present both sides? For instance, if the question only asks for our opinion on the matter (no mention of discussing both sides) should we still do it? Alternatively, can we just structure the essay to show our opinion and each paragraph elaborates on reasons why that is our opinion? Will doing it this way (not mentioning both sides) adversely affect our band score? Thank you!

I suggest you get my Advanced Lessons to learn properly. I generally don’t teach how to write an Opinion Essay in a short message. It takes me nearly an hour by video to do this. Here’s a link to my store: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/

Thank you so much Liz. This video has been helpful. I have a question.

In Britain, when someone gets old they often go to live in a home with other old people where there are nurses to look after them. Sometimes the government has to pay for this care. Who do you think should pay for this care, the government or the family? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Is this an opinion essay which will follow exactly the structure you just taught or a discussion essay.

This is a Direct Question essay. Please remember that each teacher gives different names for essay types. I call this the Direct Question Essay because you are being given a direct question to answer. It might be one question, two or even three questions. Your whole essay explains your answer.

Hi Liz Do you think this is a positive or negative development? What type of essay is this please?

I’ve just added it to the page above. Take a look.

Hello Liz: I recently came across this essay. My question is what type of essay is this? Do you have any model essays on this type of essay? The essay is: In your view, what is the most important thing for governments to spend money on: education, health, transportation, or something else? Give reasons for your answers and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge.

You said that you “came across” this essay question. Where did you come across it? Did you find it in one of the IELTS Cambridge test books? Only use authentic test questions. If you don’t use proper sources for your IELTS preparation, you will easily get confused about the test and this won’t help your preparation.

Thanks, Liz! This is now clear to me as I came across the question from a ‘model IELTS Essay topics’. published by a local company.

That sounds like the problem. You ought to use the IELTS Cambridge test books which are real test published by IELTS. I have collected over 100 essay questions over the years and they are also safe to use. You can find them linked to the main writing task 2 section of this site: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/

Thank you, Liz, for your comments and the link. I wish you good health and happiness!

Hope you are keeping well. I am not able to score more than 6.5 in my writing test. I have scored 8.5 in Listening, Reading & Speaking but writing disappoints every time. Where can I find model answer to evaluate where am I lacking? I have taken 2 computer based tests for far and scheduled 3rd one in 5 days. I need band score 7 in Writing to achieve my target.

You can find some model answers in the main writing task 2 section my website along with other essential tips: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/ . I also have paid advanced lessons which might help you understand where you are going wrong. They can be bought in my online store: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/ . Each lesson focuses on one specific essay type and explains paragraph by paragraph what to do.

Liz, thank you so much for your help. Two weeks ago I took the IELTS exam and surprisingly get 9 in Reading section!

Fantastic!! Well done to you 🙂

Hi Liz,I really need help with opinion essays especially for the part that asks to what extent do you agree or disagree?am I supposed to discuss both sides,thank you

I suggest you get my advanced lessons for the opinion essay: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/ . It isn’t something that can be taught in a short message.

Your materials and videos have sincerely been helpful. Thank you very much for such a selfless act. My exam is in a week time, I have only 10days to prepare for my IELTS GT. I would give you an update on how it goes. Cheers

Hi Liz! I am preparing for my IELTS and I have found your website very helpful, very precise information is given and it talk to the point. thank you for providing good content. keep up the great work.

reagrds Neha Shah

You’re welcome 🙂

Thanks a lot Liz . Your materials and tutorials helped me a lot in my preparation for my IELTS . Followed your tips and videos for 3 weeks . Able to score 7.5 overall.

Thank you again for the great help you provide.

Wonderful news! Very well done 🙂 It’s a great overall score!

Thank you so much Liz for the work you do. Your videos, website and materials helped me in my preparations. I just got my results, it was a band 8 overall. Have a splendid 2022.

Wonderful !! A great result! Wishing you all the best for 2022 !! 🙂

Hi Liz I’m from Sri Lanka. Thank you for all your guidance. Today I sat for IELTS academic paper. Task 1 was a bar chart, percentage of young people in higher education in for countries in 3 years. Task 2- news has no connection with people’s life so it’s a waste of time to read best from newspaper and watch news program on tv. To which extent do you agree. I hope these will help you. Waru

Hi Liz, I follow all your videos and they are very helpful. I gave my speaking exam last week. But now I think the cue card question was to describe a leisure activity I enjoy and I talked about a leisure activity I am planning to enjoy. I am really worried if it will affect my band score. But my talk was fluent . Can you give me your insights?

It won’t make any difference to your score. As long as your talk is based on the main topic (leisure activity), it’s ok. Your score won’t be negatively impacted in any way at all.

Hi Liz, Im Janet from kenya. thank you for the good work you are doing. im preparing for my exams in 4 weeks time. your content is very helpful and I like the way you explain things. im a slow learner and i find your pace very good for me. Thank you again. keep up the good job.

Good luck with your preparation and test 🙂

Thank you Liz

Hi Liz, hope you are doing well. Liz I have silly question I know but I’m really stuck in this problem and I was wondering if you can help me with this issue.. The problem is writing a topic sentence, you said in advanced lectures that topic sentence should be written carefully because it is kind of more important .. Please can you tell me that among these 2 topic sentences of BP1, which one is okay and looks relevant?

1] Although we are living in prosperous times, with people in many countries enjoying a higher standard of living than ever before, there are still millions of people in the world who are living in poverty.

2] Instead of wasting lots of money on exploration of space, governments ought to focus on local problems such as poverty eradication. There are millions of……

Essay statement; Space exploration is a luxury that we cannot afford. Instead of spending billions of dollars on space programs, governments should use this money to fight global problems such as poverty, disease and climate change. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion.

Kind regards

The first step is to underline the key words in the essay question: space exploration, spending billions, fighting global problems (examples). Now make sure your topic sentence covers those aspects. Neither of the topic sentences you have listed really works because, while the second one is obviously more carefully connected to the essay question, it doesn’t leave room for any other paragraph as you are tackling all problems in one paragraph. Also it switches from global problems to local problems which is confusing. However, in terms of which of your sentences connects to the essay question properly, it is the second one. This essay is all about funding for space exploration and whether it is relevant in today’s world or not given all our global problems.

I love your lessons and tips. They are really helpful and you are extraordinarily devoting. Here I have a question about the answer you left under Khola’s comment. What do you mean by “no room left for other paragraphs as you tackled all problems in one paragraph”?

Looking forward to your response.

Sincerely, Ella

It means that if you put all your ideas into one paragraph, you won’t have any more ideas for other paragraphs. By choosing one main focal point for one paragraph, you have the ability to use other ideas for other paragraphs. So many people say “I can’t think of how to make my essay long enough”. The answer is to be more careful about how you use your ideas. First, brainstorm ideas. Then select the best ideas. Then decide carefully which ideas can go into which paragraph. Then pay attention as to whether some ideas should go together or some ideas should be separated into different paragraphs. There is a lot to think about in the planning stage. It is crucial to plan carefully and strategically.

Electric cars are currently being developed by many well-known automotive companies. Many people still question whether electric cars are a feasible replacement for petrol and diesel-fuelled vehicles. In this essay, I will explore the opinions for and against the use of electric cars and their replacement of petrol and diesel-fuelled cars.

On one hand, electric cars are environment friendly. They require no non-renewable energy and are clean to run and maintain on the road. To support this opinion, recent studies show that the use of electric cars helps to curb pollution in urban and rural areas. Clearly, electric cars are one way to tackle ecological concerns and support a ‘greener’ environment.

On the other hand, electric cars are inconvenient to maintain and to dispose of. The driver of an electric vehicle must recharge his car approximately every 100 kms. In addition, the plutonium battery of an electric car is toxic to the environment and must be safely disposed of through expensive means. In brief, scientists are still exploring ways to produce these types of vehicles so that they are easier to manufacture, maintain and use safely.

To sum up, it’s evident that there are both pros and cons of electric vehicles. Despite the expense of development and the inconvenience of recharging electric cars, I still believe strongly that it is well worth the investment to continue research and production of these vehicles. To conclude, we should remain open, supportive to the use of electric cars and to their development in the future.

Recently i sat for IELTS exam, and the GT Writting Task 2 was about transport and they asked “ Do you think it has more advantages or more disadvantage?”

For this would it be option question or Adv/Disadv question? How is the structure for that type?

I wrote both sides and gave my opinion in the conclusion… but not sure if its right… i got 6.5 for writing.

Also, if you can advise how they ask the questions to determine what type of essay it would be so it can easy for us to identify.

Thanks and appreciate all your help.

That is an “outweigh” essay – do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

Hi Liz I have my exam this week and searching for model questions for April 2021. I checked on your site but model essay questions were available till March so if you can recommend me to follow something for latest Also, can you please share me the link for model answers of March Model Essay Questions?

I am eagerly waiting to hear from you.

The model essays are to be used for all years of the test. The topics are often recycled and the techniques for essay writing are 100% the same as always. The test format hasn’t changed and neither has the marking. All pages of this site are 100% relevant to the test today.

I have purchased material from you in 2019 but somehow because of my system crash I could not recover anything. Please can you share the link to access the notes that will be very grateful as I want to reattempt IELTS again. Because of Corona, I was not in my town to connect with you regarding this.

I’ve just resent your access link. Check both your inbox and spam folder.

Hi I booked my test in May 2021 I was just wondering which one is latest book i can refer? I have heard Cambridge books are best but I’m not aware about which version i should go for. Your help would be really appreciated

The IELTS Cambridge books are numbered, at present, from 1 to 15. Number 15 is the most recent and was published in 2020. However, all the books provide useful practice. The general format of the test has not changed. I personally would recommend books from 7 to 15. In July 2021, book 16 will be published.

Hello Liz, this is my first message ever. I would like to thank you for your devotion. Can I start a “ solutions” body in the problem solution essay with “ to get around these problems “ as I found this linking device from the “ new scientist” journal whose translation is seemingly appropriate to that, at least to me.

This means a way to avoid the problem rather that solve the problem. So, it wouldn’t be appropriate for an IELTS essay which asks for solutions. It is better to use: The most effective way to tackle this problem is… X is the way to deal with this issue The answer to solving this problem is ….

Hi Liz, In my exam I got the question of “Are there more advantages or more disadvantages” Is it similar to “Do advantages outweigh disadvantages” ?

Yes, it is 100% the same.

Thanks mam these are quite useful essays.

In the public version of the IELTS writing marking criteria, some linkers are called mechanical and it limit your band score. Some teachers say words like firstly,On one hand,on the other hand are example. I notice you use such words or phrases in ur sample essays. Are they really mechanical? Can you enlighten on what the band descriptors calls mechanical linker

The linkers themselves are not mechanical. All the linking words you have written are suitable for IELTS up to band score 9. The problem is how people use them. It is there use that becomes mechanical. If you have three paragraphs and each one starts with a linking words: Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, it is similar to a machine that always does the same thing each time. So, to avoid this you must be flexible. So, use all suitable linking words, but use them flexibly. The mechanical use of linking words is typical of a band 6 in Coherence and Cohesion. This means that if you are aiming for band 7 and above, you need to use signposting more flexibly.

Your website and materials helped me a lot in my preparations for my ielts test.

I scored a band 8 overall after about 4 weeks of regular practice.

Thank you Liz for the work you do.

Great news! Very well done 🙂

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IELTS Task 2 Essays Understand the 5 Different Types

There are 5 main types of IELTS Task 2 essays:

1)    Opinion Essays  

2)    Discussion Essays

3)    Problem Solution Essays

4)    Advantages & Disadvantages Essays

5)    Double Question Essays

Most questions fit one of these categories. However, questions can be written in many different ways, which can make it difficult to determine which type they are.

On this page, I want to give you an overview of all 5 IELTS Task 2 essay types, with samples questions to help you recognise some of the different wording often used. I’ve also included a basic structure for each that you can use to as a guide for essay planning, a vital step in the writing process.

I go into each type of question in more detail on its own page.  Click the links above or at the bottom of this page to see these. 

First, here’s the basic 4 part structure I recommend that you use for Task 2 essays:

1)  Introduction

2)  Main Body Paragraph 1 

3)  Main Body Paragraph 2 

4)  Conclusion

Want  to watch and listen to this lesson?

Click on this video.

The sort of information you include in each of the 4 sections will vary depending on the question type and that’s what I’m now going to outline for you.

These easy to learn structures will enable you to quickly plan and write any IELTS Task 2 essay.

The structures below are not the only ones you could use but they are the ones I recommend because they’re simple and give proven results.

1) Opinion Essays

These are sometimes called ‘agree or disagree’ or ‘argumentative’ essays and are one of the most common types of IELTS Task 2 question.

The first part of the question will be a statement. You will then be asked to give your own opinion about the statement. Here is some typical wording that might be used:

• What is your opinion?
• Do you agree or disagree?
• To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Here is an example of each:

• Choose one side of the argument.
• State your opinion clearly in the introduction.
• Keep the same opinion throughout the essay.
• Give reasons why you hold this view.

It doesn’t matter which side of the argument you take or even that you agree with it. Choose the one you can develop the best argument for.

Don’t change your opinion part way through the essay and don’t give reasons for the opposing idea.

Essay Structure

1) Introduction

• Paraphrase the question
• Give your opinion
• State two supporting reasons

2) Main body paragraph 1

• Topic sentence – outline 1st reason for supporting this view
• Explanation – explain this idea
• Example – give an example

3)  Main body paragraph 2

• Topic sentence – outline 2nd reason for supporting this view
• Summarise opinion and key reasons

2) Discussion Essays

In discussion essays, you have to discuss both sides of an argument. Usually, you will be asked for your own opinion as well.

The easiest way to approach this type of IELTS Task 2 question is to choose one point of view to agree with and one side to disagree with.

Here are 3 examples of discussion essay questions:

• Develop both sides of the argument.
• Talk about the view you don’t agree with first.

A big mistake many students make is to fully develop only one point of view. This leads to an unbalanced essay and a low score for task achievement. 

It is easier to begin by discussing the opinion you don’t agree with and then present the reasons for your opposing view.

2)  Main body paragraph 1 – Negative Viewpoint

• Topic sentence – outline the view you don’t agree with
• Explanation – explain why this view is held by some people

3)  Main body paragraph 2 – Positive Viewpoint

• Topic sentence – outline the view you do agree with
• Summarise the key points and state your opinion

3)  Problem Essays  

These are sometimes called ‘causes and solutions’ or ‘problems and solutions’ essays. This type of IELTS Task 2 question starts with a statement, then asks you to discuss the problems or causes and the solutions.

• Don’t list lots of causes and solutions.
• Choose just one or two and develop them fully.
• Be sure to link each problem/cause and its solution.

A common mistake is for candidates to list all the problems/causes and solutions they can think of, not necessarily linking them together.  They also fail to explain any of them in detail and don’t include any examples.

The wording of this type of essay question can vary considerably.  Here are 3 examples of problem essay questions:

• State 1 key problem/cause and related solution

2)  Main body paragraph 1 – Problem or Cause

• Topic sentence – state the problem or cause
• Explanation – give detail explaining the problem or cause

3)  Main body paragraph 2 – Solution

• Topic sentence – state the solution
• Explanation – give detail explaining the solution

4)  Advantages & Disadvantages Essays

The first part of the question will be a statement. You will be asked to write about both the advantages and disadvantages of the idea stated.

Here is some typical wording that might be used:

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of….?
• Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your opinion.

Here are 3 examples of advantages and disadvantages essay questions:

Each of these different types of questions fits into one of two slightly different essay structures. We’ll look at these in detail on the main IELTS Task 2 Advantages & Disadvantages Essays page. For now, I’ll give you the basic structure.

• Outline the view or views stated the statement

2)  Main body paragraph 1 – Advantage

• Topic sentence – state 1 advantage
• Explanation – give detail explaining the advantage
• Result – state the result

3)  Main body paragraph 2 – Disadvantage

• Topic sentence – state 1 disadvantage
• Explanation – give detail explaining the disadvantage
• Summarise the key points
• State your opinion if required

5)  Double Question Essays

This type of IELTS Task 2 question is sometimes called a ‘direct question’ or ‘two questions’ essay. It has one statement with two different questions after it. The questions may or may not be linked.

• You must answer both questions fully.
• Don’t confuse it with an opinion or a discussion essay.
• Be careful that you don’t end up with too many ideas to write about.

Here are 3 examples of double question essay questions:

• Outline sentence – state your answer to both questions

2)  Main body paragraph 1 – Answer question 1

• Topic sentence – state your answer
• Explanation – explain why you think this

3)  Main body paragraph 2 – Answer question 2

• Summarise both questions and answers

I hope you’ve found this information useful. You can learn lots more about writing the 5 different types of IELTS Task 2 essay and see sample answers on these pages:

The 5 Task 2 Essay Types:

Step-by-step instructions on how to plan & write high-level essays. Model answers & common mistakes to avoid.

   Opinion Essays

   Discussion Essays

  Problem Solution Essays

  Advantages & Disadvantages Essays

  Double Question Essays

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More help with ielts task 2.

IELTS Writing Task 2  – T he format, the 5 question types, the 5 step essay writing strategy & sample questions. All the key information you need to know.

Understanding Task 2 Questions  – How to quickly and easily analyse and understand IELTS Writing Task 2 questions.

How To Plan a Task 2 Essay  – Discover why essay planning is essential & learn a simple 4 step strategy, the 4 part essay structure & 4 methods of generating ideas.

How To Write a Task 2 Introduction  – Find out why a good introduction is essential. Learn how to write one using a simple 3 part strategy & discover 4 common mistakes to avoid.

How To Write Task 2 Main Body Paragraphs  – Learn the simple 3 part structure for writing great main body paragraphs and also, 3 common mistakes to avoid. 

How To Write Task 2 Conclusions  – Learn the easy way to write the perfect conclusion for a Task 2 essay. Also discover 4 common mistakes to avoid.

Task 2 Marking Criteria  – Find out how to meet the marking criteria for IELTS Task 2. See examples of good and poor answers & learn some common mistakes to avoid.

Other related pages:

IELTS Writing Test  – Understand the format & marking criteria, know what skills are assessed & learn the difference between the Academic & General writing tests.

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5 Types of IELTS Essays with Questions and Samples

In IELTS Writing Task 2 (both General and Academic), there are 5 different types of essays:

• Discussion essay (Discuss both views essay)
• Agree/disagree essay (Opinion essay)
• Advantage/disadvantage essay
• Problem/solution essay
• Two-part question essay (Direct question essay)

Note that no matter what type of IELTS essay you have to write, you need to make sure that you always follow the instructions and write at least 250 words.

IELTS Discussion Essay Questions

IELTS discussion essay asks you to "Discuss both views/sides and give your opinion".

For example:

Some people think that wild animals should not be kept in zoos. Others believe that there are good reasons for having zoos.

Discuss both these views and give your opinion.

See also: Discussion Essay Sample

IELTS Agree/Disagree Essay Questions

IELTS agree/disagree essay, also known as an opinion essay, asks you "Do what extent do you agree?", "Do you agree or disagree?", "What is your opinion?".

Medical procedures for cosmetic purposes should not be allowed.

Do you agree or disagree?

See also: Agree/Disagree Essay Sample

IELTS Advantage/Disadvantage Essay Questions

IELTS advantage/disadvantage essay asks you "What are the advantages of this?", "Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?".

Today more and more tourists are visiting places where conditions are difficult, such as the Sahara desert or the Antarctic.

What are the benefits and disadvantages for tourists who visit such places?

See also: Advantage/Disadvantage Essay Sample

IELTS Problem/Solution Essay Questions

IELTS problem/solution essay asks you "What can be done about this problem?", "How could this situation be improved?".

Even though doctors all over the world agree that fast food is bad for people's health, more and more people are eating it.

Why are more people eating fast food?

What can be done about this problem?

See also: Problem/Solution Essay Sample

IELTS Two-part Question Essay Questions

IELTS two-part question essay, also known as direct question essay, asks you to write in response to two or more direct questions.

Millions of people every year move to English speaking countries such as Australia, Britain or America, in order to study at school, college or university.

Why do so many people want to study English?

Why is English such an important international language?

See also: Two-part Question Essay Sample

See more useful IELTS essay resources:

• How to write an IELTS essay?
• How to Improve IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay?
• Essay vocabulary
• Linking & cohesive words

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Different IELTS Essay Types

Different ielts essay types with examples and explanation:.

In your IELTS Writing exam, you will need to write an essay on a given topic. You will get a statement on a common topic, and be asked to respond to that statement (also known as the essay topic) . This IELTS writing task 2 response is required both for the academic and general training IELTS candidates.

Your essay should contain at least 250 words, and you should finish your essay in 40 minutes.

Now, the first thing you should probably know is the types of questions (or essay types) that you are likely to encounter in your exam (IELTS Writing Task 2 exam – to be more specific) . This is because both the structure of the essay and how you develop your response depend on the type of essay that you will write.

IELTS essays have 5 main different types. An IELTS essay in your exam could be one of these 5 different types, and to get a higher band score, you should be ready to respond to any type of them as you do not know what type of essay you will be asked to write during the test. The approach and structure of writing an IELTS essay also may vary to a certain extent based on the essay type. That is to say that the “introduction” of your essay, the “main body paragraphs” and the “conclusion” of your essay could be different based on the essay type you respond to. You might also need to include your opinion in your essay depending on the essay type. So, it is really, really important that you know the five distinct IELTS essay types and the main differences among them. It will help you develop a high-quality essay that will earn you a higher band score.

The 5 types of IELTS writing task 2 (IELTS Essay) questions include the below:

1. Opinion (Agree or Disagree) IELTS Essays. 2. Advantage and Disadvantage IELTS Essays. 3. Discussion (Discuss both views) IELTS Essays. 4. Problem/Cause and Solution/Effect IELTS Essays. 5. Double Question or Mixed IELTS Essays.

Let us discuss the 5 main types of IELTS writing task 2 questions (Essay Question types) in detail:

1) IELTS Opinion (Agree or Disagree) Essays:

A common question type on the Writing Task 2 is the “opinion” essay (also known as “Agree/Disagree essay or argumentative essay). An opinion essay basically asks you to give your own opinion on a given argument. The first part of the question is a statement and you are then asked to state your opinion on the issue. You should also include a range of other viewpoints to demonstrate that you genuinely understand both sides of an argument. The instructions on an opinion essay, however, can be written in several ways. Examples include the below:

• Do you agree or disagree?
• To what extent do you agree or disagree?
• How far do you agree with this statement?
• Do you agree?
• Which viewpoint do you agree with?
• What is your opinion?

Here is an example of each: 1. In the future, more people will go on holiday in their own country and not travel abroad on holiday? Do you agree or disagree? [ Read the Model Essay ] 2. The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books, and they shouldn’t waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? [ Read the Model Essay ] 3. Some people believe that salary is more important than job satisfaction for employees. How far do you agree with this statement? 4. Some people believe that teenagers are facing more problems in their life than they did in the past and this is because parents are spending more time at work than at home. Do you agree? [ Read the Model Essay ] 5. More and more qualified people are moving from poor to rich countries to fill vacancies in specialist areas like engineering, computing and medicine. Some people believe that by encouraging the movement of such people, rich countries are stealing from poor countries. Others feel that this is only part of the natural movement of workers around the world. Which viewpoint do you agree with? [ Read the Model Essay ] 6. Some people think that success is the best measure of intelligence, while others think that intelligence can be measured in other ways. What is your opinion?

Key strategies for an “opinion” IELTS Essay:

• Select your favourable side of the argument. That is to say, decide which side you favour and develop your argument accordingly. You could agree to a given statement or disagree. Sometimes you might want to state a neutral position.
• State your view in the “introduction” part of your essay. This is important, and be sure to always include your opinion at the end of the introduction. Never wait till the conclusion paragraph to state your position on a view or argument.
• Keep the same view throughout the essay.
• State reasons why you have this opinion. Examples make your argument stronger. In fact, without citing examples or adding experience at the end of your argument, you can not expect to get a higher band score.
• It doesn’t matter which position you take. So, choose the position you can develop the best argument for.

Tips to write an “opinion” type IELTS Essay: You should briefly mention your own opinion about the statement or argument at the end of the “introduction” of your essay so that the examiner does not have to wonder about your viewpoint while he or she reads your essay.

The phrases you should use when giving your opinion about something – ✔ “In my view”/ “in my opinion” is used when expressing your opinion about something: • The government, in my opinion, should be in charge of important research. • In my view, the government should take measures to curb traffic congestion.

✔ “… take the view that”/ “… be of the opinion” that is used to express a particular opinion in a formal way: • Most people take the view that tax on fuel price is the key to preventing air pollution. • Scientists are of the opinion that the government should allocate a substantial budget on space research.

✔ Even if you state what others think about something, make sure to include your opinion as well. For example: • Most people take the view that tax on fuel price is the key to preventing air pollution and I somewhat agree with them. • Scientists are of the opinion that the government should allocate a substantial budget to space research and I concur with this opinion to some extent.

✔ “Entirely agree”/ “wholeheartedly agree” is used to agree completely with someone or something: • The writer entirely agrees with the view that more tourists will choose to go on holiday in their own country due to the pandemic. • I agree wholeheartedly with the statement that states that we should spend more quality time with our children to keep them away from developing bad habits.

✔ “Agree up to a point” is used to partly agree with someone or something: • Although I agree with the statement up to a point, I find it hard to believe that the increase in price can reduce fuel consumption.

✔ “Concur” is used to agree with someone or something in a formal way: • The writer concurs with this view.

✔ “Totally”/ “strongly”/ “fundamentally” is used to agree or disagree with someone or something: • I strongly disagree with the views on migration. • I totally believe that the amount spent on space research is justified.

Tips: Agreeing and contrasting opinions: Use the main body paragraphs of your essay to expound your opinion and agree or disagree with the views of other people. Use linking words such as “also” , “similarly” , “likewise” , and “in addition” when discussing ideas connected to one point of view, and use “yet” , “on the other hand” , “although” and “however” to introduce contrasting point.

Useful vocabulary to express your opinion:

Simply stating an opinion: My opinion is that… In my opinion… I think… I feel that… I believe… Personally speaking… In my view… From my perspective… From my point of view… It seems to me that… To my mind… My view on the matter is that…

Strongly agreeing with an opinion/statement: I firmly believe that/ I strongly believe that/ I wholeheartedly believe that… I strongly agree with the idea that… I totally agree with the statement that says that…

Strongly disagreeing with an opinion/statement: I firmly disagree with the opinion that… I strongly deny that… I wholeheartedly oppose that… I completely disagree because… I strongly disagree with the notion…

Partially agreeing with an opinion: I suppose… I somewhat agree that… I agree with this statement to some extent I agree to a certain extent but I also think that…

IELTS Opinion Essay Structure:

• Paraphrase the question
• State your opinion
• Give brief reasons why you hold this view (optional).
• Topic sentence – give 1st reason for choosing this viewpoint
• Explanation- explain this view
• Example- cite an example
• Topic sentence- give 2nd reason for choosing this viewpoint
• Explanation- expound this view
• Example- provide an example
• Summarize your main points
• Reiterate your opinion, or suggest something that would be universally accepted.

2) IELTS Advantage and Disadvantage Essay:

Another common essay question type is the Advantage and Disadvantage type Essay. This type of essay asks you to evaluate an argument and point out the main advantages and disadvantages of something. Put simply, you will need to write the benefits and drawbacks of something in a balanced way to prove that you understand both sides. Try to put equal emphasis on both advantages and disadvantages while writing such as essay.

Typical question instructions can be written in various ways. Examples include the below:

• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of… 
• Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of…?
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your opinion. (In this case, you need to include your opinion explicitly.) 

Below are the examples of each: 1. More and more businesses, as well as individuals, are choosing to communicate either professionally or socially using technology rather than being face to face. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using the technology for communicating.   2. People now have the freedom to work and live anywhere in the world due to the development of communication technology and transportation. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?  3. In some cultures, children are often told that they can achieve anything if they try hard enough. What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving children this message? 4. Computers are becoming an essential part of education. Discuss the Advantages and disadvantages of using computer technology in education and give your opinion.  

Key strategies for an “Advantage and Disadvantage” IELTS Essay:

• Devote some time to properly plan the advantages and disadvantages of the statement given.
• Think up the ideas of supporting points. Pick just a couple of advantages (2 is recommended; it could be 3 at most) and support them with an example and explanation. The same goes for the disadvantages as well. Do not write down so many ideas that make your essay lengthier and unmanageable. 
• You can state the advantages in one paragraph and the disadvantages in another paragraph.
• Follow a standard advantage and disadvantage essay structure.

Tips on writing an “advantage and disadvantage” IELTS essay:

“Advantage” is a countable noun meaning a good feature that something has, which makes it more useful or better than other things. Some synonyms of “advantage” are –

“Disadvantage” is a countable noun denoting a bad feature that something has, which make it less useful or worse than other things: Some synonyms of “disadvantage” are –

Knowing these synonyms would help you paraphrase the topic and show your skills in using a wide range of vocabulary.

Now regarding the structure of the essay, the safe way of organizing an advantage and disadvantage essay is to write one paragraph giving the benefits of an argument (or something) and another paragraph giving the drawbacks.

The phrases you should use when describing the “advantages” of something – ✔ “The most decisive/distinct/definite/obvious advantage of…” is used when describing an obvious advantage: • The most decisive advantage of telecommuting is that employees are allowed to work from home.  • The most definite benefit of using technology in education is the connectivity it allows among teachers, students and guardians.

✔ “One of the great/big/major/huge/significant advantages of…” is used when writing a great advantage: • One of the significant advantages of telecommuting is that it helps to have a better work-life balance. • One of the major advantages of such an arrangement is that it reduces long-term costs and manual labour hours.

✔ “A good/ great thing about …” is used when mentioning a good feature of something: • A great thing about telecommuting is that employees can skip commuting and dive right into work-related tasks.  • A good thing about helping those poor nations is that it helps maintain global peace.

✔ Similarly, “A positive aspect of…” is also used when mentioning a good feature of something: • A positive aspect of telecommuting is that it increases the productivity of employees. • A positive aspect of giving some pocket money to young children each week is that it teaches them the useful skills of money management.

✔ “Likewise/ Moreover” could be used to point out/introduce another good feature of something: • Likewise, it can be a source of foreign remittance that can boost the economy of the country. • Moreover, a business owner enjoys more freedom and more choices in life than most 9:00 to 5:00 employees.

The useful phrases you can use when describing the “disadvantages” of something:

✔ “The main/principal/primary/key disadvantage of…” is used when mentioning a primary disadvantage: • The main disadvantage of telecommuting is the lack of face-to-face communication. • The primary disadvantage of young people taking a break from studies to travel is that many of them do not use the time to learn and thus waste valuable time.

✔ “The big/serious/huge/distinct/obvious/major/severe/considerable disadvantage” of is used when writing an important disadvantage: • One of the serious disadvantages of telecommuting is the lack of collaboration between work teams.  • One of the distinct disadvantages of allowing children to study on a digital device is that they get easily distracted and start doing something else other than studying.

✔ “Drawback” could be used when you think that something is not good, though it has minor other positive aspects: • A drawback of telecommuting is that employees often are not present in the office and work from home. • The next drawback of travelling solo is that the traveller does not have anybody to look after or comfort him in the event of sickness or emotional distress.

✔ “Downside” is used to denote the disadvantage of a situation: • The lack of camaraderie is often one of the major downsides to telecommuting.  • The downside of mass migration to cities is the primary reason for traffic congestion in such cities.

Tips: Order your ideas in an organised way.

You have to present your ideas in a logical way to end up writing a great essay. To do that, you can use linking words such as “in addition” , “on the other hand” , “another” , “moreover” , “furthermore” and so on. Linking words are useful to show how your ideas are connected. Here is an example of the use of linking words:

Convenience foods have several bad points. The major drawback of this food is that it uses unhealthy ingredients. Moreover , most of these convenience foods lack proper nutrients. Furthermore , the regular intake of these foods promotes ageing. Thus, the advantages it reaps outweigh its disadvantages.

IELTS “Advantage and Disadvantage “ Essay Structure:

• Introduce the benefits and drawbacks that will be expounded in the main body paragraphs
• State your opinion if it is asked or necessary
• Topic sentence – introduce the advantage 
• Expand the first advantage + give an example
• Expand the second advantage + give an example
• Topic sentence – introduce the disadvantage 
• Expand the first disadvantage + give an example
• Expand the second disadvantage + give an example
• Reiterate the main points 
• State your opinion (optional)

3) IELTS Discussion (Discuss both views) Essay:

Some IELTS Writing Task 2 questions may ask you to analyse, discuss or scrutinise a topic, or compare or contrast two different ideas. Typically, you will be offered two statements of opinion that oppose one another and then you will be asked to expound on both sides of the debate and state your opinion.

A discussion essay should aim to reach a conclusion after analysing the debates on a topic. So, a discussion essay objectively discusses the perspectives of the opinion that are not necessarily your opinion. That is why your opinion shouldn’t be shared in such a discussion essay until the statement of the position in the concluding paragraph.

Typical question instructions can be written in several ways. Examples include the below:

• Discuss both views and give your opinion.
• Discuss both these views and then give your own opinion.
• Discuss both sides of this argument and give your own opinion. 

Here are a few examples of IELTS discussion questions: 1. Some people think that the range of technology currently available is increasing the gap between rich people and poor people. Others think that it is causing the opposite effect. Discuss both views and give your opinion.   2. In some countries, a few people earn extremely high salaries. Some people think that this is good for a country, while others believe that the government should control salaries and limit the amount people can earn. Discuss both these views and then give your own opinion. 3. Some people think that the government is responsible for the rise in obesity in children, while others think it is the fault of the parents. Discuss both sides of this argument and give your own opinion.  

Key strategies for a “Discussion (Discuss both views)” IELTS Essay:

• Identify both views. They are usually contrasting ideas.
• Find supporting points for views.
• Develop both views of the argument. 
• It is recommended that you write about the side you don’t agree with first.
• Use necessary expressions for the discussion type essay.
• Emphasise a bit more on the viewpoint you support. 

Tips: Language to use while writing a discussion essay : It is important to learn some useful expressions for the IELTS discussion type essays. That is to say that a variety of language should be used to discuss both views in your essay. When you write a discussion essay that asks you to discuss both views of a statement or contrasting view, you have to support two different views that are not your opinions. You need to write what other people think, other people’s views and you also need to support what they think. So, your ability to use different expressions and vocabulary for giving other people’s opinions is required to get a higher band score.

The phrases you can use when discussing both sides in your essay:

✔ “Many people believe/think/feel/claim/argue that…” could be used to start discussing a view in your essay. It is a very common expression, but still, it is an academic expression, and you can use it sometimes. • Many people believe that modern technology has increased our daily productivity in workplaces. • Many people argue that the government should take responsibility for those elder people as they were taxpayers their entire life.

✔ “It is argued by some/many people that…” is a very nice expression because it is a passive form. This is particularly useful to give the examiner some passive sentences in your essay. But do not overuse the passive sentences in your essay. • It is argued by some people that the government should give money to creative people, such as artists and musicians. • It is argued by many that children should leave their parent’s home as soon as they turn 16 years old.

✔ “A commonly held belief is that…” is a very useful phrase because it’s very academic. It will help you show your skill in using various expressions and vocabulary while writing an essay. • A commonly held belief is that a government has a responsibility to its citizen to ensure their safety. • A commonly held belief is that decentralisation could solve the problem to a great extent.

✔ “They maintain that…” is very simple but it’s academic and clear as well. • They maintain that the sports should receive subsidies or sponsorship from big companies. • They maintain that elder people need support from their immediate family members and should be surrounded by their children and grandchildren.

✔ “Yet others argue that…” is used to present a counterargument. • Many believe that arts projects like exhibitions of paintings should be helped financially by big companies, yet others argue that big companies ought to sponsor scientific research.  • Some people claim that they should be given full freedom to choose a design and structure while building their houses, yet others argue that it makes more sense when the authority decide the design and structure of citizens’ house.

✔ “Other people are of the opinion that…” is used to express the other side of the argument. • Other people are of the opinion that the government should allocate more money to education.  • Other people are of the opinion that public health should get the highest priority while deciding the national budget.

✔ “Yet other people put forward the view that…” is also used to express the opposite opinion of a statement/topic. • Yet other people put forward the view that the government should increase spending on social benefits. • Yet other people put forward the view that schools should choose subjects for high-school learners only after discussing it with the parents and the students.

IELTS “Discussion (Discuss both views) “ Essay Structure:

• Introduce both points of views
• Thesis statement
• Topic sentence – state the viewpoint you do not agree with 
• Explanation- discuss why some people hold this view
• Example – provide an example to support the view 
• Topic sentence – state the viewpoint you do agree with 
• Explanation – discuss why this view is held by many 
• Example- provide an example to support the view
• Summarise the main points
• Opine which one is better or significant – (Usually the one you support)

4) IELTS Problem/Cause and Solution/Effect Essays:

In this type of IELTS essay question, you are asked to outline the problems (or reasons behind the problem) associated with the given topic and then you require to find one or more solutions to the problem. Alternatively, sometimes you need to list out the causes and effects of a particular subject/issue.

If you are asked to give the reason and solution of an issue, you should focus on explaining why this issue is created and what could be a possible solution to that. Please note the question carefully. If it asks you to give reasons (plural of reason) , you should outline more than one reason. If it asks you to give solutions (note the plural form of “solution” here) , you must include more than one solution.

Similarly, this kind of essay topic may demand you to write about the causes and effects of something. If the question is what are the causes (note the plural form here) and effects (it is also plural) , mentioning just one cause and effect is not enough.

Typical question instructions can come in various ways. Examples include the below:

• What are the reasons for this? What could be done to solve this problem?
• What are the causes of this? Suggest some solutions.
• What problems does this cause? What solutions can you suggest to deal with this situation?
• What is the cause of this? What are the possible effects of this development?

Here are a few examples of IELTS Problem/Cause and Solution type questions: 1. Many students find it difficult to pay attention at school. What are the reasons for this? What could be done to solve this problem? [ Read the Model Essay ] 2. Nowadays many people complain that they have difficulty getting enough sleep. What problems can lack of sleep cause? What can be done about lack of sleep? [ Read the Model Essay ] 3. An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors, engineers and teachers, are leaving their own poorer countries to work in developed countries. What problems does this cause? What solutions can you suggest to deal with this situation? [ Read the Model Essay ] 4. People today suffer from more stress-related problems than in the past. What is the cause of this? What are the possible effects of this development?

Key strategies for a “Problem/Cause and Solution/Effect” IELTS Essay:

• Don’t introduce lots of problems/causes and solutions/effects in your essay. Just one (two or three if the question asks for reasons and solutions/effects instead of reason and solution/effect) is good enough.
• When dealing with more than one reason or solution (or cause and effects) mention your ideas sequentially.
• You can mention a problem/cause/reason and then propose a solution/effect immediately after that. Alternatively, you can list down the problems/causes/reasons in one paragraph and then the solutions/effects in the next paragraph.
• The solutions must be linked to the selected problems/causes.
• Try to give a convincing solution to a problem and mention if there is any data, study or case to support your solution.

Tips: Language to use while writing a Problem/Cause and Solution/Effect essay : You should use some useful and related phrases and vocabulary while writing this type of IELTS writing task 2 answer. If you get such an essay question in your IELTS Writing Task 2 exam, you need to discuss the problems or causes of a problem and suggest solutions or effects based on what the question demands and some vocabulary and phrases would definitely help you write a great essay.

The phrases you can use when writing about Problem/Cause and Solution/Effect in your essay:

✔ “Problem” is a noun denoting a situation that has to be dealt with because it causes inconvenience or harm. Some synonyms of “problems” are –

Some examples to present a problem: • Many developing nations are facing enormous economic and social problems after the pandemic. • Working mothers in today’s society are plagued with many social problems . • Drug abuse is a severe problem in many countries. • The government needs to do more to help curb the problem (=deal with the problem) of traffic congestion. • Problems can arise (problem can happen) when highly skilled workers end up seeking a better life in rich countries. • The government should address the problem (find ways of solving the problem) of air pollution.

✔ “Cause” is a noun denoting a person or thing that gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition. Some synonyms of “cause” are –

Note: “Cause” can also be a verb denoting the creation or generation of something.

Some examples to present a cause/reason with some useful phrases and words: • The root cause of poverty lies (=the origin of a problem is) in the unequal distribution of resources. • The issues caused by sleep deprivation go beyond just tiredness and often lower the body’s resistance to different common diseases. • Financial stress is perhaps the most common cause of this phenomenon .

✔ “Issue” is a noun referring to a subject that is important and needs to be explained; or a problem that requires to be dealt with. It is used particularly about problems that affect a lot of people in society. Some synonyms of “Issue” are –

Some examples to present an issue: • Global warming is the biggest issue (=the most important issue) facing the world today. • The issue can only be resolved (=be successfully dealt with) through dialogue. • Many poorer nations fail to address (=try to deal with) social issues like unemployment and violence against women. • Unemployment is an important issue when dealing with poverty. • Single-sex education is a highly controversial issue in many countries.

✔ “Solution” is a noun that denotes finding the remedy or cure of a problem. Some synonyms of “Solution” are –

Some examples to present a solution: • The government is trying to find a solution to the traffic congestion in major cities. • When a society faces challenges relating to poverty, the ideal solution is education. • There is no easy solution to global warming (=there is no easy way of dealing with global warming) . • In this essay, the writer will discuss the root causes of global warming, and try to put forward (=suggest) some effective long-term solutions . • Single-sex education is a highly controversial issue in many countries.

✔ “Answer” is a countable noun that means a successful way of dealing with a problem. Some synonyms of “Answer” are –

Some examples to propose/suggest an answer to an issue or a problem: • Many people think that the only answer to the problem of global warming is to use green energy. • Many countries have been struggling with brain drain for a long time, but no one has yet come up with an easy answer (=thought of an answer or find a solution) .

IELTS “Problem/Cause and Solution/Effect “ Essay Structure:

• Introduce problems/causes and related solutions/effects in brief
• Topic sentence – state the problem/cause 
• Explanation – explain the first problem/cause in detail
• Explanation- explain the second problem/cause in detail
• Example – give a relevant example
• Topic sentence – state an effective solution/(effect)
• Explanation – explain the first solution/(effect)
• Explanation – explain the second solution/(effect)
• Example – provide an example to support the solution/(effect)
• Summary of key points in first and second main body paragraphs
• State your opinion if necessary (optional if your opinion is not asked in the question, but should be included if the essay asks for your opinion) .

5) IELTS Double Question or Mixed Essays:

This type of IELTS Essay topic is also called two questions, direct questions, mixed questions IELTS essays. Typically, it comes with a statement or topic and then it asks you two different questions. It could ask for your opinion, then a solution, a critical analysis, a discussion and so on, and that is why it is also called the mixed IELTS Essay.

Below are a few examples of such essay topics:

1. Many stores sell organic fruits and vegetables (produced without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides) even though they often cost more than conventional fruits and vegetables. Why do some people prefer to eat organic food? Do you think organic food is worth the extra cost? [ Read the Model Essay ] 2. Many people prefer to watch foreign films rather than locally produced films. Why could this be? Should governments give more financial support to local film industries? 3. News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers. What factors do you think influence these decisions? Do we become used to bad news? Would it be better if more good news was reported? [ Read the Model Essay ] 4. Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness? [ Read the Model Essay ]

Key strategies for a “Double Question or Mixed” IELTS Essay:

• You have to answer both questions fully.
• Each question should have one or two key points as an answer.
• Provide the answer to each question in an individual paragraph.
• Do not introduce too many ideas in a single paragraph.
• Give examples.

Tips: Language to use while writing a Double Question or Mixed Essay : While writing this type of essay, you often need to give reasons why something happens and also give your opinion or propose a solution.

Below are some useful expressions to give reasons:

✔ “Reason” could be a countable and uncountable noun that denotes a cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event. Some synonyms of “reason” are –

✔ “The reason (for this) is that…” is used to state the reason for something, particularly when the explanation is long. • The reason for preferring organic food is that it is beneficial to health. • The reason for taking a gap year after completing high school is that it gives young students an excellent opportunity to travel and gather first-hand experience.

✔ “In order to…” is used to mention why someone does something or why something happens. • People prefer organic food in order to keep their bodies healthy. • The world leaders gather in such events in order to come with effective solutions to pressing global problems.

✔ “Why” is a conjunction used to write about the reason that brings about something. • There are many reasons why people prefer organic food. • The primary reason why such research works are often misleading is that they do not consider anomalies or exceptions.

IELTS “Double Question or Mixed Essays “ Structure:

• State your overall opinion by answering both (sometimes even three) questions in brief. 
• Topic sentence
• State your answer to the first question
• Explanation – explain the answer to the first question
• Example – give example to support your point 
• State your answer to the second question
• Explanation – explain the answer to the second question
• Summary of key points
• Rephrase your opinion (if necessary)

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The Different IELTS Essay Types & How To Approach Them

Oct 23, 2023 | IELTS Test

Data from the IELTS partners show that  Writing is the area in which Academic test takers will struggle the most . This significant insight underscores the necessity of mastering the essay writing section, especially if you are an aspiring student aiming to thrive in English-speaking academic environments.

In the Academic version of the test especially, it’s not just about stringing words together; it’s a precise evaluation of your ability to articulate ideas, build logical arguments, and present them in a coherent manner.

Recognising this challenge, we’ve compiled this guide to demystify the task 2 IELTS essay writing world. Whether you’re puzzled by Opinion Essays or baffled by Advantages and Disadvantages Essays, we will unravel the complexities. From breaking down each essay type to offering strategic insights on tackling them, this comprehensive guide is designed to put you firmly on the right path.

What Are The Different IELTS Essay Types?

IELTS essay writing is a nuanced and multifaceted task, and there is no one-size-fits-all solution, even if there are some general rules to follow. This is because, depending on the type of essay you are being asked to write, it will alter the way in which it needs to be approached. 

These are the types of essays in IELTS Writing Task 2, and there are five of them that candidates like yourself should be aware of…

1. Opinion Essays (or Agree or Disagree / Argumentative Essays)

What It Is:  A statement will be given in the question, and you’re asked to give your opinion.

How to Approach It:  Express your opinion on the statement, backing it with relevant examples and reasons. Keep your writing focused, clearly stating whether you agree or disagree with the statement.

It doesn’t matter whether you choose to agree or disagree with the statement given in this question; what is important is that you can logically present your own point of view. You can  take a look here at a model answer  we have written for exactly this type of IELTS Essay question.

2. Discussion Essays

What It Is:  You must discuss both sides of an argument, often giving your opinion as well.

How to Approach It:  Select one point of view to agree with and another to disagree with. Explain both perspectives and be sure to include your own opinion if asked.

With these types of essays, just as with the opinion essays, you’ll need to evaluate both sides of the argument and then give reasons for why you have sided one way or the other. Again, we have  a model answer prepared on this IELTS essay type, which you can view here.

3. Advantages & Disadvantages Essay

What It Is:  A statement is provided, and you’re asked to write about both its advantages and disadvantages.

How to Approach It:  Discuss both the positives and negatives of the given statement. Answer the specific question asked, such as if the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

Often, with this type of IELTS essay, you will be asked whether or not the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. This, again, makes it more akin to an opinion essay as you’ll be expected to logically demonstrate your reasoning for your opinion. You can  read an example of a Do The Advantages Outweigh The Disadvantages essay here .

4. Problem & Solution Essays (or Causes and Solutions Essays)

What It Is:  A statement is given, and you’re asked to discuss the problems or causes and the solutions.

How to Approach It:

• Choose one or two problems or causes and develop them fully.
• Link each problem or cause with its solution and provide detailed explanations and examples.
• Avoid listing too many problems without linking and explaining them.

These types of Writing Task 2 essays can be especially challenging, as you won’t be given a point of view to evaluate; instead, you’ll be given a problem that needs to be solved.  You can see an example of how we have approached one of the IELTS essay types here .

5. Direct Questions Essay (or Two Questions Essay)

What It Is:  A statement with two different questions after it, which may or may not be linked.

How to Approach It:  Answer both questions fully without confusing this with an opinion or a discussion essay. Focus on clarity and precision, being careful not to introduce too many ideas.

These are similar to cause and solution essays.  Take a look at one of our model answers for a direct questions essay here .

Tips For Approaching Different IELTS Essay Types

Writing an essay will always require more than just understanding the question; no matter the question, the process demands a strategic approach. It is true that the first step is to analyse and understand the question, identifying keywords and understanding what it is that the examiner is actually looking for from you. Planning your essay with a well-structured outline that includes main points and supporting details can guide your writing and keep you focused.

Managing your time effectively is crucial in the writing process. Allocate time for planning, writing, and revising, and use a timer during practice to simulate the real exam experience. Regular reading and writing practice will also enhance your vocabulary and grammar skills, improving your ability to express ideas clearly and coherently.

When it comes to some specific advice for each of the different types of essays in IELTS Writing Task 2, there are some things that, if you remember them, can keep you on the path to success when you are sitting the exam. 

Opinion Essays:  Build a strong argument for Opinion Essays by presenting clear reasons and examples. Balance your opinion throughout the essay and conclude decisively.

Discussion Essays:  In Discussion Essays, present both sides of an issue with insights and evidence. Include your viewpoint if asked, maintaining an objective tone throughout.

Advantages & Disadvantages Essays:  For Advantages & Disadvantages Essays, weigh the pros and cons carefully, using concrete examples, and let your conclusion reflect your overall analysis.

Problem & Solution Essays:  Problem & Solution Essays require you to identify key problems and propose viable solutions, supporting them with evidence and linking them coherently.

Direct Questions Essays:  Direct Questions Essays demand precise answers to all questions posed. Stay focused and avoid unnecessary elaboration.

Writing Techniques & Use Of Language In Different IELTS Essay Types

Mastering techniques for approaching the different IELTS essay types isn’t solely about understanding the diverse essay types. It also hinges on the finesse of language skills and essay writing techniques, ensuring your responses are both compelling and clear in the view of the examiner.

You’ll need to have a good IELTS essay structure, and this begins with gaining an understanding of how the examiners will expect you to form your response. A well-constructed IELTS essay begins with a lucid introductory statement, paving the way for logically organised body paragraphs. It’s paramount that each of these paragraphs encapsulates a singular main idea bolstered with relevant evidence or examples. 

With the IELTS essay structure, and before we highlight the importance of using a complex vocabulary correctly, it’s also advised to use linking words. Transition terms such as “however,” “moreover,” “therefore,” and “hence” serve as bridges, binding your ideas into a coherent narrative. They not only enhance the logical flow but also fortify your arguments, making them more persuasive. These should not be overused, though! 30-40% of sentences in high-scoring sentences will begin with a transition word. Overuse of these words will be penalised just as harshly as underuse.

Another significant pillar when it comes to your IELTS essay is going to be correct  use of different vocabulary . Demonstrating to the examiner your range of vocabulary, when correctly applied, can be one of the factors pushing your band score higher. However, you need to be careful, as it’s essential that every word or phrase used fits seamlessly within the context. Overindulgence in complex terms, especially when not fully grasped, can render an essay convoluted and confusing.

Finally, you’ll need to adhere to grammatical rules and use punctuation correctly throughout any IELTS essay. Whilst both of these may seem basic, a nuanced understanding can really elevate the quality of your essay. As part of any IELTS preparation, you should find ways to easily review grammar rules periodically and sharpen your skills by spotting and rectifying errors in your own various writings. 

These techniques and practices can ensure that your essays not only resonate with clarity but also captivate the reader with their depth.

Approaching IELTS Essay Types: A Summary

Navigating IELTS essay writing can undoubtedly be daunting and incredibly difficult for many candidates. Yet, with the right guidance, knowledge, and practice, this challenge becomes one that you can be much more comfortable with. 

Candidates can achieve their desired band score by understanding the different IELTS essay types, embracing effective writing techniques, and nurturing a keen sense of language use.

Remember, success in IELTS writing isn’t just about the depth of one’s vocabulary or the strength of one’s arguments; it’s about the holistic integration of all these elements into a cohesive, compelling narrative. 

Finally, always be conscious that to achieve the best possible score, you should not only aim to meet the exam’s requirements but to surpass them. Use your knowledge of the different IELTS essay types to guide you in performing well in IELTS Writing Task 2.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 essay types, structures, examples

Discover the Common Essay Types in IELTS Writing Task 2. Explore types of IELTS Essays with Questions and Samples.

In the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) Writing test Task 2, you need to write an essay with at least 250 words. This applies to both the Academic and General training modules.

But should you approach all essay questions the same way? The answer is 'no.' That's because there are different types of questions you might get. It is important to know what each question is asking you to do. Even if your grammar and vocabulary are excellent, you could still lose points if you don't understand the task. So, let’s take a closer look to make you understand all about Writing task 2 essays to help you score higher on your IELTS test .

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Types of essays in IELTS Writing task 2

There are different types of essays in the IELTS Writing Task 2 , you can use these in your IELTS test preparation to score higher:

1. Opinion essay

These essays are often known as 'agree or disagree' or 'argumentative' essays and are quite common in IELTS Task 2.

The question usually starts with a statement. Afterward, you'll be asked for your own opinion about that statement. They might use these kinds of phrases:

What do you think?

Do you agree or not?

How much do you agree or disagree?

Example question: With traffic jams and pollution increasing every year in big cities, some people say that public transport should be free in big cities to help reduce these problems which are caused by cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

At the beginning of your essay, it's a good idea to share some background information. However, what's really important is to rephrase the words used in the question and also show where you stand on the issue. For instance:

”With the growth of middle classes around the world, ownership of motor cars has become much more common, particularly for those who reside in large urban areas. It has been argued that free public transport should be provided in these metropolises as a method to curb the amount of polluted air and traffic congestion. This essay will explain why this approach should not be undertaken for cost and mobility reasons.”

Regarding your body paragraphs, it's crucial to focus on a single main idea that you elaborate on and expand. You can achieve this by providing more details about a specific point, offering an example, discussing a result, or even acknowledging an opposing viewpoint.

Discussion essay

In discussion essays, you're required to talk about both sides of an argument. Typically, you'll also be asked for your own opinion. The simplest way to tackle this kind of IELTS Task 2 question is to select one perspective to support and another to oppose.

Example question:

Some people say that children should learn a foreign language when they are in kindergarten, but others feel that it is better for children to do this when they are teenagers. Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.

The key concept to grasp in a task like this is that your response should have three components:

Discuss both of these perspectives (1st and 2nd part)

Present your own opinion (3rd part)

In your introduction, it's essential to address both of these perspectives, and indicating your stance can also be an effective approach. For instance:

“ Given that the world has become more globalised, the need to be able to use foreign languages has increased. As a result, there are those who believe that a child’s kindergarten years should be when another language is introduced, while the opposing view is that it is ideal to wait for when a youngster reaches adolescence. This essay will reflect on both of these viewpoints before concluding with why the infancy argument is more valid.”

When you 'discuss both of these perspectives' in your body paragraphs, remember to refrain from mentioning your personal viewpoint. This helps prevent any confusion between your own thoughts and the opinions of others.

Two-part questions

In IELTS Writing Task 2 , you might get two-part questions. These questions require you to address two different aspects or viewpoints related to a specific topic or issue. It's crucial to understand how to approach and structure your response to effectively address both parts of the question and provide a well-rounded answer.

Typically, two-part questions will ask you to:

Discuss both sides: You will be expected to present arguments or perspectives from different angles. This involves examining the pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages, or contrasting viewpoints on the given topic.

Give your opinion: In addition to discussing both sides, you will also need to express your own opinion or position on the matter. This means you should clearly state whether you agree or disagree with the topic and provide reasons for your stance.

To approach these questions successfully, follow these steps:

Introduction: Begin by introducing the topic and paraphrasing the question. Make it clear that you will discuss both sides and express your opinion.

Body Paragraphs: Dedicate one paragraph to each side of the argument. Present the arguments, evidence, or examples supporting each perspective. Avoid revealing your opinion in these paragraphs.

Conclusion: Summarise the main points from both sides of the argument and restate your opinion. Your conclusion should offer a clear and concise summary of your position.

Remember to use appropriate transition words to guide the reader through your essay and maintain a logical flow between paragraphs. Additionally, ensure that your essay is well-organised and that you provide adequate support for your arguments. Practicing with sample two-part questions can help you become more proficient in handling this type of task in the IELTS Writing test .

These days, many cities have problems when they grow quickly, such as accidents and traffic jams. Why do these problems occur? How do these problems impact people who travel for work or study?

A trend in current times is the need for many workers to spend time outside of company hours on answering text and e-mail messages for their jobs. What problems does this cause for the worker? What can be done to reduce the impact of these problems?

It is becoming very common these days for students to take courses over the Internet instead of in face-to-face classrooms. Why are more students choosing this way of learning? Is this a positive or a negative development?

In this type of task, you can write a body paragraph on each of the two questions, but it is important to fully understand what your focus should be. Try to match these tasks (A, B, or C) with the type of response required:

We hope that this article has provided you with valuable insights to improve your readiness for the various essay types you may come across in the IELTS Writing test.

In your IELTS journey, remember that consistent practice, careful analysis of question prompts, and effective time management are key elements to achieving success. So, keep practicing, stay focused, and approach each essay task with confidence to reach your desired IELTS score.

If you want to know more about the IELTS test , you can get in touch with your nearest IDP IELTS test centre. Our team of IELTS experts will help you with your queries.

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6 Different Essay Types in IELTS Writing Task 2

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay Structures

The four most common IELTS writing Task 2 questions are: Opinion, Advantages and Disadvantages, Problem and Solution Discussion

IELTS Task 2 Essay Structures

Knowing how to structure your IELTS Writing Task 2 essay is an essential skill that can make the difference between getting and not getting the band score you deserve. With that in mind, we have outlined the most common IELTS Writing Task 2 structures below.

Nearly all of my Task 2 essays follow this basic structure: The sentences you put in each paragraph will depend on what type of question you get.

The five most common IELTS Writing Task 2 questions are:

• Opinion (Agree or Disagree)
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Problem and Solution
• Discussion (Discuss both views)
• Two-part Question

Below I will outline examples and a structure approved by experienced IELTS teachers and examiners for each type of question. This will help you write a clear, coherent answer and hopefully boost your IELTS band score. I also include an example answer for each type of question so you can see the structure in a real essay.

Please note that these are general structures and may vary slightly depending on the question.

Please also note that no ‘one’ Task 2 essay structure will get you a high score. There are many types of structures that can get you a high score. These are just some I think are effective and easy to learn. 

Please visit the lessons below for more detailed guidance on each type of question. I have provided a link at the end of each section.

Opinion Questions (Agree or Disagree) 

Typical Question Words –

What is your opinion?

Do you agree or disagree?

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Direct question.

Example Question –

Some people believe that unpaid community service should be compulsory in high school programmes (for example, working for a charity, improving the neighbourhood or teaching sports to younger children).

Essay Structure 

Introduction 

1- Paraphrase Question

2- Give your opinion and outline the main ideas.

Main Body Paragraph 1 

1- Topic Sentence

2- Explain Topic Sentence

Main Body Paragraph 2

Conclusion 

1- Summary of main points and opinion

Student Sample Answer

It is argued that volunteering should be made part of the school curriculum. This essay agrees with that suggestion completely because it help pupils develop soft skills and helps them gain much-needed work experience.

Education should not be limited to strictly academic pursuits, and those in education should also develop life skills, such as teamwork, empathy and self-discipline, and one of the best ways to hone these aptitudes is through community service. Serving those less fortunate than ourselves teaches us many lessons, including how to work with people from other backgrounds and the value of hard work, thus enabling us to hone these skills before becoming an adult. For example, many young people from wealthier countries take a gap year and help those less fortunate than themselves to increase their gratitude for what they have and improve their work ethic.

Many colleges and companies are also increasingly looking for this type of experience. Most school leavers have the same grades, and charitable work can help set you apart from other students when making college applications. For example, Cambridge and Oxford receive thousands of applications from straight-A students yearly and can only accept a small percentage of applicants. What you have done outside the classroom often differentiates you from everyone else and gets you that coveted spot.

In conclusion, teenagers should be made to partake in unpaid work as part of their schooling because it will help them learn things they wouldn’t ordinarily learn from their teachers, and it will also boost their chances of getting into third-level education.

For more detail on how to answer agree or disagree questions, please visit our opinion essay lesson . 

Need help writing essays like this? Check out our ESSAY CORRECTION SERVICE .

Advantages and Disadvantages Questions

Typical Question Words 

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages.

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Example Question

Technology is being used more and more in education.

Essay Structure

2- Outline Main Points

Main Body Paragraph 1

1- State Two Advantages

2- Expand/Explain First Advantage

3- Expand/Explain Second Advantage

1- State Two Disadvantages

2- Expand/Explain First Disadvantage

3- Expand/Explain Second Disadvantage

1- Summary of Main Points

Student Sample Answer 

It is argued that technology plays an ever-increasing role in schools and universities. Increased access to information and student freedom are the main advantages, whereas dependency on technology and decreasing levels of face-to-face contact are the main disadvantages.

Access to more information and student autonomy are the principal advantages of increasing the use of electronic devices in education. With the internet, students can access all the information available about any topic, regardless of what books and other resources are available in the school. Furthermore, students can focus on whatever topic or subject they want and study it in depth. A prime example of this is the number of online university courses available to students, covering a myriad of subjects that, up until recently, were unavailable to most learners. This has resulted in more people studying third-level degrees than ever before at a pace and schedule that suits them.

The main disadvantages associated with the increasing use of technology in education are the dependency on this technology and the decrease in face-to-face interaction between students. With many students now using the internet as their primary source of information, they often struggle to use other academic resources to find what they’re looking for. As well as this, students spend more time looking at computer screens by themselves than interacting with each other, which is thought to lead to lower levels of emotional intelligence. For instance, the recent explosion in smartphone use has been at the expense of genuine human interaction. This results in soft skills, such as verbal communication and empathy, being affected.

In conclusion, the benefits technology brings to education, such as unrestricted access to information and student autonomy, must be weighed against the drawbacks, such as dependency on this technology and the negative effects on human interaction.

For more detail on how to answer advantage and disadvantage questions, please visit our  advantage and disadvantage lesson . 

Discuss Both Views Question (Discussion Essay)  

Discuss both points of view and give your opinion.

Example Question 

Technology is being used more and more in education. Some people say that this is a positive trend, while others argue that it is leading to negative consequences.

Discuss both sides of this argument and then give your own opinion.

1- Paraphrase Question and/or state both viewpoints.

2- Thesis Statement

3- Outline Sentence

1- State first viewpoint

2- Discuss first viewpoint

3- Reason why you agree or disagree with viewpoint

4- Example to support your view

1- State second viewpoint

2- Discuss second viewpoint

Sentence 1- Summary

Sentence 2- State which one is better or more important

There is an ever-increasing use of technology, such as tablets and laptops, in the classroom. It is often argued that this is a positive development, whilst others disagree and think it will lead to adverse ramifications. This essay agrees that an increase in technology is beneficial to students and teachers.

The Internet has provided students with access to more information than ever before. This has allowed learners to research and learn about any subject at the touch of a button. It is therefore agreed that technology is a very worthwhile tool for education. Wikipedia is a prime example, where students can type in any keyword and gain access to in-depth knowledge quickly and easily.

However, many disagree and feel that technology deprives people of real human interaction. Human interaction teaches people valuable skills such as discourse, debate and empathy. Without these soft skills, many people find it difficult to become successful in work and their personal lives. Despite this, human interaction is still possible through the internet, and this essay disagrees that technology should be dismissed for this reason. For instance, Skype and Facebook allow people to interact in ways that were never before possible.

While the benefits of technology, particularly the internet, allow students to tap into limitless sources of information, some still feel that people should be wary of this new phenomenon and not allow it to curb face-to-face interaction. However, as long as we carefully consider the importance of human interaction in education, the educational benefits are clearly positive.

For more detail on how to answer discussion questions please visit our  discussion essay lesson . 

Problem and Solution Questions

Problem and solution.

Cause and solution.

Students are becoming more and more reliant on technology.

What are some of the problems associated with reliance on computers, and what are some of the possible solutions?

2- Outline Sentence

1- State Problems

2- Explain First Problem

3- Explain Second Problem

4- Example of Second Problem

1- State Solutions

2- Explain First Solution

3- Explain Second Solution

4- Example of Second Solution

Learners are becoming increasingly dependent on technology, such as the Internet and mobile devices. This essay believes the main problems associated with dependence on computers are the lack of original thought and copying original work from others and suggests critical thinking classes and writing analysis software as the most viable solutions.

The principal problems with over-reliance on technology are people being unable to think for themselves and plagiarism. With access to so much information, students often rely on other people’s opinions instead of forming their own. As well as this, they often use search engines to answer a question and copy the text from a website rather than thinking about the question. This practice is prohibited in schools and universities and stunts students’ intellectual development because they will never truly think for themselves, which is what university is supposed to be for. For example, many teachers complain that students copy web pages straight from Wikipedia word for word rather than giving a reasoned answer to their questions.

Solutions to these worrying problems are special classes to focus on critical thinking and teachers using anti-plagiarism software to detect copying. If teachers create situations where students have to infer meaning and express opinions based on a small amount of information, this will ensure that students have an opportunity to develop these skills. Also, if students know that their assignments are being checked for plagiarism, this will be enough to deter them from doing so. For instance, many universities already use this kind of software to scan coursework for plagiarism, and it could be extended to include all homework by learners in both secondary and tertiary education.

In conclusion, the main problems with the overuse of technology in education are the lack of original thought and plagiarism. These can be solved through special classes that teach students analytical skills and plagiarism detection software.

For more detail on how to answer problem and solution questions please visit our  problem and solution lesson . 

Two-Part Questions

There will normally be a statement, and they will then ask you to answer separate questions.

As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing.

What factor contributes to job satisfaction?

How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?

2- Outline Sentence (mention both questions)

1- Answer first question directly

2- Explain why

3- Further explain

1- Answer second question directly

As most adults spend most of their time at work, being content with your career is a crucial part of a person’s health and happiness. This essay will first suggest fair pay as a key element leading to job satisfaction, and it will then state that it is not very likely that everyone can be happy with their job.

The most important thing that satisfies someone at work is being compensated fairly. If those more senior than you respect you as a person and the job you are doing, then you feel like you are valued. A fair salary and benefits are important marks of respect, and if you feel you are being underpaid, you will either resent your bosses or look for another job. These two factors came top of a recent job satisfaction survey conducted by Monster.com, which found that 72% of people were pleased with their current role if their superiors regularly told them they were appreciated.

With regard to the question of happiness for all workers, I think this is and always will be highly unlikely. The vast majority of people fail to reach their goals and end up working in a post they don’t really care about in return for a salary. This money is just enough to pay their living expenses which often means they are trapped in a cycle of disenchantment. For example, The Times recently reported that 89% of office workers would leave their jobs if they did not need the money.

In conclusion, being satisfied with your trade or profession is an important part of one’s well-being, and respect from one’s colleagues and fair pay can improve your level of happiness; however, job satisfaction for all workers is an unrealistic prospect.

Can I get a band 8 or 9 following these structures? 

Nobody can give you a Task 2 IELTS structure that guarantees high scores. Your score is dependent on how good your grammar and vocabulary are and how well you answer the question. A good structure will help you answer the question to some extent and boost your score for coherence and cohesion, but you must use relevant ideas and use these ideas well to answer the question.

You can see how my student scored a Band 8.5 in IELTS Writing here:

Next Steps 

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Five Types of Essay in IELTS Writing Task 2 with Samples

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We will discuss about 5 types of essay in IELTS for writing task 2 and get into the details of each task type so that you can understand thoroughly and get tips for success in writing.

Table of Contents

What Are the Types of Essays in IELTS Writing Task 2?

• Sample of Opinion Essay 

Sample of Discussion Essay

Sample of problem solution essay, sample of advantages and disadvantages essay, sample of double question essays.

The IELTS writing task 2 tests the essay writing skills of the students. There are 5 different types of essay in IELTS which a student can be asked to write. Therefore, before appearing for the test, the candidates should practice all of them and learn about their structure and writing style. Here, we will discuss different essays and there aspects and give you a clear insight into writing a perfect essay to successfully complete your test and get an 8+ band score. Thus, let's get started and explore the types of essays.

For the IELTS writing task 2, you must learn 5 different IELTS essay types that are commonly asked from the aspirants. These are - 

1. Opinion Essay

2. Discussion Essay 

3. Problem-Solution Essay 

4. Advantages and Disadvantages Essay 

5. Double Question Essay

It is highly important for the students to carefully read and understand the essay question to find out the type of essay they have to write. Each essay has a specific structure and approach. Therefore, you must practice all the types of Essay in IELTS to enhance your ability to handle different task types effectively. Let us have a look at all the 5 types of essays in detail.

Also known as agree/disagree essay or argumentative essay. An opinion essay assesses your ability to present a clear stance on an issue, support it with relevant examples, and provide a well-structured argument. Opinion essays are an integral part of the IELTS exam pattern . In this type of essay, you have to present and support your opinion on a given topic. You must provide relevant examples and evidences to support your argument. Now, we will discuss the structure of an opinion essay. 

The structure of an opinion essay is as follows:

• Introduction
• Paraphrase the essay topic or question.
• Write the thesis statement and clearly state your opinion.
• Body Paragraphs
• There can be 2 or 3 body paragraphs depending on the question.
• Start each paragraph with a clear topic sentence. It should give a main supporting point.
• Provide examples, evidence, or personal experiences to support each point.
• Explain your ideas, explaining their relevance to the topic.
• Summarize the main points.
• Restate your opinion.
• Remember you do not have to give any new information.

Sample of Opinion Essay 

Q. Do you agree or disagree with the statement that technology has made our lives better? 

INTRODUCTION 

Technology has become an integral part of our lives. According to me, it has impacted us in many ways and also significantly improved our overall well-being.

BODY PARAGRAPH 1

One of the main reasons for supporting this view is that technology has brought a lot of convenience to our daily activities. For example, after the arrival of smartphones people are able to communicate more effectively with each other. They have made the world a smaller place where we can stay connected and share our feelings and information through texts, images and videos in no time.

BODY PARAGRAPH 2

With the advent of technology, there have been revolutionary changes in the fields of medicine and healthcare, leading to improved diagnostics and life-saving treatments. New machines and instruments have been introduced based on artificial technology, which has increased the quality and length of our lives.

In conclusion, I must say that although there may be some drawbacks to technological advancements, but it has powerful impact on our communication system and healthcare services. Therefore, if we are looking for a better future, we must embrace technology and focus on the positive aspects of it.

• You must express your opinion in clear words such that your stance on the topic is apparent to the examiner.
• You have to support your opinion by providing real-life examples or scenarios in this IELTS task 2 essay types. This adds credibility to your argument.
• If there are opposing views, pay attention to them in a brief manner such as to strengthen your overall argument.
• You must stay focused on the topic and make sure that all the paragraphs are directly related to the essay topic.
• You should use a range of vocabulary and sentence structures to showcase your language proficiency.

You must practice a lot to master opinion essays. You should regularly write on different topics so that you become familiar with various questions and also comfortable with the structure of different types of IELTS Writing Task 2. Now, let us move on to the discussion essay.

2. Discussion Essay

In a discussion essay, you have to discuss the pros and cons of the given subject. It aims at providing a balanced view and shows how well you can handle multiple perspectives. In other words, you have to discuss both sides of an issue or topic before presenting your opinion. Here you have to discuss the pros and cons of the given topic maintaining a balance. If you are baffling by this, joining online IELTS classes is the best option.

The structure for an ideal discussion essay is as follows:

• Provide a general statement about the topic in the beginning.
• Give some background information.
• Inform them that you will discuss both sides of the issue.
• Support your points with examples or evidence.
• Present your ideas in a balanced way, giving equal attention to both aspects.
• Summarize the main points made in the essay.
• Again, talk about the fact that both sides of the issue were discussed.
• Give your final thoughts about the topic.

Q. Online learning has become increasingly popular in recent years. Discuss about the advantages and disadvantages to this approach.

Online learning provides a flexible and easy alternative to classroom education. A lot of students are adopting this approach in last few years such as online IELTS classes. On the one hand, this approach has a number of advantages while on the other there are various challenges which need careful consideration.

Looking at the brighter side of online learning, we can say that online learning provides students with the flexibility to choose when and where they study. Students who have busy schedules or are both studying and working at the same time are most benefited by this. Also, the students can access a vast array of resources, including video lectures, interactive quizzes, and discussion forums through online education. Another advantage is cost-effectiveness. Online courses often cost less than traditional classroom-based courses, as the expenses related to travel, accommodation, and physical materials are not required.

On the other side, one of the main drawbacks of online learning is the lack of face-to-face interaction with teachers and classmates. This will have an adverse effect on the ability to communicate and social skills. Another drawback is dependency on technology. It requires a reliable internet connection and technological proficiency. Those who don't have access to these are not able to participate completely. Also, students have to be self-motivated and self-disciplined as they study independently.

In conclusion, while online learning offers flexibility and easy access to resources, there are some downsides also, like limited interpersonal engagement and technical challenges. In order to get the most out of online learning experience, one must keep a balance and tackle the challenges carefully. 

• You must provide a fair and balanced discussion of both sides of the issue.
• You have to clearly separate paragraphs for each aspect,e. the pros and cons of the discussion.
• Always use specific examples and evidence to strengthen your points.
• You must make sure to express your own opinion but at the end of the essay.
• You should stay focused on the topic and avoid other issues.

Mastering discussion essays needs a lot of practice. To become at ease with the structure and style of these essays you have to regularly write on different topics of discussion essays. Next, we are going to discuss another types of IELTS writing task 2, i.e. problem solution essays.

Are you confused between different essays for IELTS?

3. problem solution essay.

Also referred to as a ‘causes and solutions’ essay, a problem-solution essay talks about a problem and also gives possible solutions. In this, you have to convince the reader that the solutions you are providing are feasible. Thus, to write this IELTS Task 2 Essay Types, you have to identify a problem, discuss its causes and effects, and give possible solutions. To do this, you must evaluate the problem accurately.

• Give an introduction to the problem in brief.
• Provide some background information.
• Give a thesis statement with a hint of proposed solutions.
• In each paragraph, describe the problem in detail, along with its causes and consequences.
• Provide realistic solutions along with examples, evidences, and expert opinions.
• Talk about the importance of solving the problem.

Q. The problem of pollution is widespread in urban areas. What are the problems associated with it and what are the possible solutions?

Today, the whole world is facing the problem of air pollution, especially in urban areas. Due to the tremendous increase in traffic and industrialization, the air has become highly contaminated. As a result, it is not only affecting our health but also causing adverse affect to the environment. This will aim at exploring solutions to this problem.

One of the major causes of air pollution is vehicles. A probable solution to this can be the use of more and more public transport instead of private vehicles. We must increase the availability of buses and trains and motivate people to use them so that the traffic on roads can be reduced leading to reduction in air pollution. Also, the introduction of electronic vehicles can solve the problem to some extent.

The pollution coming out from industries also contributes to air pollution. To control this, government has to take strict action and set standards for industrial emissions and imposition of penalties. This will help in keeping the air clean and also motivate and guide the industries to adopt green practices.

In conclusion, although air pollution is a big challenge but there are practical solutions that can be used. By promoting the use of public transport and implementing emission control in industries, we can achieve cleaner environment in our cities. In order to achieve this, government, industries, and individuals have to work in collaboration. This will help us achieve a pollution-free future for all.

• Define the problem in clear words.
• Suggest practical solutions which can be implemented.
• Give examples and evidences to support your argument.
• Do not give too many points of problems and solutions.
• Make sure that there is a solution linked to each problem.

To successfully write a Problem Solution essay, you must clearly understand the question. On the basis of the topic, organize your ideas and write a well-structured essay. Let us now move on to another one from the various types of IELTS writing task 2, i.e.advantages and disadvantages essay.

4. Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

It is a common task in IELTS Writing Task 2 and requires you to examine both the positive and negative aspects of a particular topic. In this you get an opportunity to showcase your ability to present a balanced view on a given topic. Moreover, you have to present a well-balanced argument after analyzing the positive and negative aspects of the prompt. Thus, present a well-balanced argument

To draft an ideal advantages and disadvantages essay, you must follow the structure below:

• Give a brief introduction of the topic and provide some background information.
• Tell the reader that we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages.
• Body Paragraphs 1 – Advantages.
• Describe the advantage in the topic sentence.
• Give details and support with examples and reasons.
• Body Paragraphs 2 – Disadvantages.
• Describe the disadvantage in the topic sentence.
• Summarize the main points from both the advantages and disadvantages.
• Give your opinion or a balanced thought.

Q. Social media has become the part and parcel of everyone's life today. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of increased use of social media.

Social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. It is a primary source of connecting people throughout the world. It also provides a good platform for communication and information sharing. This essay will discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of using social media.

One significant advantage of social media is the ease of communication. There are platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram enable individuals to stay connected with friends and family, no matter how far they live. This helps in reducing distances and helps in instantly connecting for any reason.

DISADVANTAGE

On the other hand, a major disadvantage is the chances of hampering the privacy of individuals. As we are sharing personal information online, there is a risk of unauthorized access and misuse. People tend to use private information during communication for wrong purpose which can have fatal consequences.

Finally, we can say that social media offers unmatched connectivity to the users. They can also share a lot of information with each other. This makes it a valuable tool of today's time. But you must be aware of the risks about your private information. Therefore, while using social media, you must learn to strike a balance between enjoying its benefits and avoiding the drawbacks. This will give you a positive social media experience.

• Try to provide a balanced discussion of both advantages and disadvantages.
• Provide proper examples and evidences to support your argument.
• The structure of the essay is very important here. Divide the essay into clear paragraphs.
• In the end, you can also present your opinion about the question.

You have to be very careful while drafting this one from the list of different IELTS essay types. Understand the question properly and then explore the topic in different paragraphs about advantages and disadvantages. Next, we are going to learn about Double Question Essays.

Do You Want to Know About Other Essays in IELTS?

5. double question essays.

Double Question Essays are also known as Two-Part Question Essays. These are a crucial type of essays which you can encounter in your IELTS exam of writing Task 2. In these IELTS essay types, candidates are required to address two different questions in a single essay. These questions often require different types of information or views. In addition, this type of essay is an integral part of IELTS syllabus . In this, you will have a statement with two questions after it. They may or may not be linked to each other.

Here is the structure of an ideal double question essay that will help you earn higher marks:

• Address both questions in brief.
• Give an overview of how you will deal with each question.
• First Body Paragraph
• Address the first question.
• Provide examples, evidences, and explanations.
• Second Body Paragraph
• Address the second question.
• Tie both questions in one knot at the end.

Q. Many people shop online for clothes and other items nowadays. Discuss the pros and cons of online shopping. Also, state whether you think online shopping will become more popular in the future.

There has been tremendous growth in the number of customers who prefer online shopping for their everyday needs. This essay will discuss the pros and cons of online shopping and will also explore about the future trends of it.

Online shopping has an edge over local shopping as it offers convenience. You can just sit at home and order whatever you want by just using your smartphone or computer. Thus, you are able to save a lot of time, effort and need to physically travel from one place to another. But there is a downside to it also. You are not able to physically touch and feel the items like in offline stores. If you are buying clothes, the quality, size, and look cannot be perfectly assessed in online shopping.

Although it is difficult to say that in future online shopping will boost or not, but looking at the current trends it can be said that it will continue to grow. The increasing number of e-commerce platforms, as well as dependency on technology, shows a rising trend in online shopping.

In conclusion, online shopping is a convenient way of shopping but lacks a personal touch, and the customers are not able to physically examine them. The future of online shopping looks promising, but it will depend on factors like technological advancements and changes in consumer behaviour.

• Clearly understand both the questions of the essay.
• Decide the amount of time you will give to each question.
• Do not repeat the information.
• Give point-to-point information.
• Add examples and evidences to support your answers.

In order to master double question essays, you must regularly practice them. Understand the kind of questions you will encounter and how you have to handle them.

Now we have learned about the 5 major types of essay in IELTS. Understanding their structure is crucial for your success in IELTS writing task 2. Each essay is different and demands specific skills. On the basis of differences in the essay types, you have to alter your writing approach. The proverb ‘Practice makes the man perfect’ perfectly fits here. The more you practice essay writing, the better essays you will be able to write. If you have any queries or doubts related to IELTS writing task 2 or study abroad consultants , you can contact the experts at Gradding.com.

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Understanding IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay Types: Tips & Strategies

IELTS (International English Language Testing System) exam is conducted to have a check on your four major skills of your language and one of the parts is your writing skill along with speaking, reading, and listening.

To check the writing skill, a writing exam is conducted for which a student is expected to master his/her skills for Task 1 and Task 2. This blog will particularly focus on essay writing which is Task 2. 

Essay writing is the art of explaining and conveying ideas to the reader through the writing of at least 250 words. These essay topics can vary as per different types.

Also read:  IELTS Complex Sentences- Easy Ways to Write & Use It in IELTS Writing

IELTS Essay Types

There are basically 5 types of essay topics that can be asked in the IELTS exam. It becomes vital to differ among these types as each essay type demands different strategies to attempt the question. 

• Agree/disagree type of essay 
• Discussion or opinion-based essay
• Advantages and disadvantages of essay
• Causes and effects-based essay
• Reasons and solutions-based essay
• Two parts of questions type essay

1. Agree/Disagree Types of Essay

This type of essay is easily identifiable as the topic gets clear as soon as you read it. This essay topic will always be followed by some lines in the end which help to identify the type of essay. 

Last Lines – 

Do you agree or disagree?

Do you favor the statement?

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Essay Topic- Big salary is much more important than job satisfaction. Do you agree or disagree?  

2. Discussion Or Opinion Based Essay Types

Discussion is done between two or more persons and so, is the topic. This topic gets identified by where there are two statements and discussions is going on among some people. Here the question asks for your opinion on your message.

Last lines- 

Which view do you support?

Which statement are you in favor of?

Discuss both the views along with your opinion?

Which statement do you support?

Essay Topic- Computers are being used more and more in education. Some people say that this is a positive trend while others argue that it is leading to negative consequences. Discuss both sides of this argument and then give your own opinion.

Difference Between Agree/Disagree Type & Discussion/Opinion Based Type Questions-

3. Causes & Effects Type Of Essay

 In this type of essay, a problem will be given in the topic and a student is expected to explain the different possible reasons for the same along with the effects which arise due to that problem.

Last lines-

Discuss the reasons and effects?

Give the causes of the problem and how does it affect people?

Essay Topic- Today more people are overweight than ever before. What is in your opinion the primary causes of this? What are the main effects of this epidemic?  

4. Reasons & Solutions Essay

Similarly to cause and effect, in this type of essay, a problem is given and its reasons and solutions to curb that problem are asked., discuss the possible reasons and solutions, what can be the possible causes and how it can be overcome.

Essay Topic- Cities are becoming overcrowded these days. What are the causes of this situation and what can be done to improve this situation?

Differences Between Causes/Effects & Reasons/Solutions Essay:-

5. Advantages/Disadvantages Type of Essay

In this type of essay topic, a statement related to any progress or any new technological advancement is given and a student is expected to answer the question which asks about its merits and demerits.

What are its advantages and disadvantages?

What are its merits and demerits?

Strategy to attempt- This type of topic can be easily attempted and understood as a student is expected to attempt advantages or merits in the first paragraph and disadvantages or demerits in another paragraph.

Essay Topic-  It is becoming increasingly popular to have a year off between finishing school and going to university. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the same?

Variation in this type of essay:-

Sometimes, a merits and demerits essay asks about your opinion about it.

For example:- In recent years, more and more people are choosing to read e-books rather than paper books. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

So here, you are required to discuss both pros and cons but along with your opinion that advantages are more or disadvantages?

6. Two Parts of Questions Essay

Again, this topic of the essay is easily recognized as in this topic, two types of questions are asked a statement, problem, fact, or figure.

Strategy to Attempt

This type of essay is easier to attempt too, as a student is required to attempt one answer in one paragraph and the other in the second paragraph.

Essay Topic- Music is one of the most important art forms. What is its significance in the world today? Do you believe that modern forms of music have superseded the traditional forms?

So here two question marks can be seen and this type of essay can be easily recognized. Well, a correct approach is to practice your essay enough times for each and every type of essay. Read your topic 4 to 5 times first, identify the type and go on writing with the correct strategy to attempt that question.

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• Essay Task 2

IELTS Essay Types with Writing Topics and Samples

• Essay Types
• Double Question
• Advantage Disadvantage
• Problem Solution
• Essay Length

IELTS writing task 2 requires you to write an essay of at least 250 words that responds to a given topic. You will need to summarise details, give your opinion and support your reasons and arguments with relevant examples from your own knowledge and experience.  This guide is an overview of each type of IELTS writing task 2 question and contains example questions, useful tips, essay structures and some common mistakes to avoid.

Table of Contents

1.1 overview of ielts writing task 2.

• 1.2 Common Mistakes

2.1 Top tips

2.2 example questions, 2.3 essay structure.

• 2.4 Sample essay

3.1 Top tips

3.2 example questions, 3.3 essay structure, 3.4 sample essay, 4.1 top tips.

• 4.2 Example questions

4.3 Essay structure

4.4 sample essay, 5.1 top tips, 5.2 example questions, 5.3 essay structure.

• 5.4 Sample Essay

6.1 Top tips

• 6.2 Example question

6.3 Essay structure

6.4 sample essay.

• Writing Task 2 Band Descriptors Explained

1. IELTS Writing Task 2 Explained

Writing task 1 asks you to write a report whereas IELTS writing task 2 asks you to write a formal report about a global topic. This is your opportunity to show that you can fully develop your ideas, given an opinion and support your reasons with examples.

After you have spent 20 minutes on writing task 1, you will have 40 minutes left to focus on writing task 2.  Writing task 2 is worth about 66% of your overall writing score .

Your task is to write a formal essay that is at  least 250 words in response to an IELTS statement. We recommend that you aim for 270-290 words to sufficiently develop your ideas .

There are five main types of IELTS writing task 2 essay types:

Read on for tips, sample essays and common mistakes made for each of these essay types.

2. Opinion Essays

Opinion essay questions may be worded in various ways. Here are some of the most common:

• What is your opinion
• Do you think…

To what extent do you agree?

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

To address all parts of the task, you need to do the following three things in your opinion essay:

• Choose one side of the argument
• To state your opinion about a given topic
• Support your opinion with clear reasons and examples

A common mistake is to treat an opinion essay in the same way as an advantage/disadvantage essay. To avoid this error, make sure you:

• Pick one side of the argument and develop the best argument for this point using reasons and examples
• Briefly acknowledge the other side of the argument throughout your essay
• Do not give reasons or examples to support the other side of the argument
• Focus on arguments to support your opinion rather than giving advice

Some people think that more money should be spent on protecting endangered species while others think it is a waste of valuable money.

What is your opinion?

Systems of funding university education are different from country to country. While some countries charge students for studying at university, others offer university education for free.

Do you think students should pay for higher education?

Every school system in the world includes regular tests and exams, and many people think that it is important for students to take lots of exams.

Children should not start school until the age of six or seven because they need to have more time to play and develop before they go to school.

Scientists and technology experts seem to be more valued by modern society than musicians and artists.

Here’s our recommended structure for an IELTS opinion essay:

2.4 Sample Essay on IELTS Opinion Topic

Nowadays, the growing trend in education is to have an increasing number of assessments like tests and exams. Some people argue that this is necessary to improve exam results. However, it is my view that testing in schools has become too frequent and has had a detrimental effect on students. This essay will explain my opinion in further detail.

One reason I believe that students are completing too many tests is that the pressure of preparing and carrying out exams often leads to stress and illness among students. In many countries, it is a common practice to test children from a very early age, such as six or seven years old. As a result, an ever increasing amount of children are now suffering from anxiety and depression brought on by exam pressures. If there were fewer tests, students may have a more enjoyable experience at school and their overall learning outcomes may also improve.

Another argument in favour of reducing the number of exams and tests students take is that children should not only focus on exam preparation, but also the development of other life skills. For instance, students should learn the importance of working together and cooperating as a team as these skills are not only important in their daily lives, but will also enhance their future job prospects. If schools reduced the number of tests they gave, teachers would be able to focus on enhancing and practising these skills in the classroom. Having said that, there are those who argue that frequent testing is essential as it raises the profile and the standards of a school. For instance, these people may argue that children who take tests at a young age will produce better results throughout their school years and raise the overall ranking of an educational institution.

In conclusion, having looked at this topic in detail, although it is true to bear in mind the importance of testing, on balance my view is that schools should reduce the frequency of tests and examinations. By doing this, schools can dedicate more time to the development of essential life skills, as well as allowing children to have free-time to relax and play.

3. Discussion Essays

Identify the question by looking at the instruction words. You should see something similar to:

• Discuss both sides and give your opinion
• Discuss both sides

Choose if you want to take a thesis-led or an evidence-led approach to your essay. Remember:

• Thesis-led- State your opinion in the introduction and restate in the conclusion
• Evidence-led- Give your opinion in the conclusion

A common mistake is that candidates do not discuss both sides of the argument or forget to state their opinion. Make sure to:

• Discuss both sides in each part of your essay (introduction, main body paragraphs and conclusion)
• If you are asked to give your opinion, take a thesis-led approach. If you are not asked for your opinion, it is still a good idea to give it in the conclusion (evidence-led)

Here are some example discussion essay questions:

Some people say that governments are responsible for dealing with environmental issues. Other people believe that it is the individual’s responsibility to take action to protect the environment.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Some people think that environmental problems should be solved on a global scale while others believe it is better to deal with them nationally.

There seems to be an increasing number of serious crimes committed each year. While some think the best way is to use the death penalty as a deterrent, many people believe that other measures will be needed.

Discuss both sides.

Some people feel that it is better to live in a city while others believe that life is better in the countryside.

Many people think governments should fund art, while others believe that artists should be responsible for funding their work.

Discuss both views.

Evidence-led

Some people believe that governments should make laws about environmental issues and then strictly enforce those laws. Others say that it is better for governments to encourage and educate the population to make environmental changes.

There is no doubt that the world is facing numerous environmental problems. It is argued by some that the most effective way to address these issues is for the government to implement strict environmental protection laws. However, there are others that argue against government intervention and they should instead focus on promoting green practices by its citizens instead of enforcing legislation.

One reason people believe that environmental laws should be legislated is that it ensures that everyone is aiming for the same standards and following the same set of rules. If these rules are only optional, it is likely that some people and organisations may opt out and choose not to follow them. Therefore, laws need to be put in place to ensure that everyone complies with the same environmental standards. Another argument that can be put forward is that by putting financial tariffs in place for non-environmental practices, positive changes could be seen more quickly. For example, if governments put a levy on plastic bags, people will be less likely to use single-use plastic bags as they will not want to pay.

On the other hand, many people believe that educating the public about environmental changes they can make is more likely to promote change than enforcing laws. These people believe that encouraging people to form more sustainable habits, such as recycling, will be far more effective as people will likely encourage others to do the same as they are not being forced into green-practices by law and they feel a greater sense of autonomy. In addition, it can be argued that governments should value the intelligence of their citizens and treat them like adults that can make up their minds concerning environmental practices, for instance, letting people choose if they want to use a single-use or reusable water bottle.

In conclusion, having looked at both sides of the argument, my view is that the government should both enforce laws in addition to educating the public. They should make sure rules are followed in important areas such as reducing speed limits around cities to reduce levels of pollution. Furthermore, they should also undertake more educational events to persuade the public to choose to act in green ways, rather than do it out of obligation or because they are forced to by law.

4. Problem Solution Essays

Make sure you understand the task requirements for different types of problem/solution essays. There are three question types:

• Write about a problem and possible solutions to that problem
• Write about a cause of a problem and possible solutions
• Only write about the solutions

A common mistake made by test takers is incorrectly identifying the question. You should also be able to recognise typical wording for each problem/solution question type using these examples:

• What problems arise from this and how can they be tackled?
• What do you think the causes are? What are the solutions?
• What solution can you suggest to deal with this problem?

Another useful skill for this essay type is to be able to notice synonyms, for example:

Problem : Situation; resulting in…; issue

Cause : Reason; why

Only solution : address; present; solve; improve; tackle; remedy; deal with

4.2 Example Questions

The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it has also created problems that did not exist before.

What are the most serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you suggest?

Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems.

Identify two serious ones and suggest ways that governments and individuals can tackle these problems.

On problem faced by almost every large city is traffic congestion

What do you think the causes are? What solutions can you suggest?

More and more wild animals are on the verge of extinction and others are on the endangered list.

What are the reasons for this? What can be done to solve the problem?

In many developing countries, there is a problem with declining quality of air and water from both industry and construction.

What measures could be taken to prevent this?

Essay structure 1

Essay structure 2

Many people find that modern life is faster, busier and more stressful than the past. More and more people are suffering with stress in their daily life, and the rates of stress-related illness are increasing.

What are the main causes of stress in modern life?

How can these problems be tackled?

In recent times, there has been a sharp increase in the number of people who are suffering illnesses connected to a stressful lifestyle. There are several reasons why stress is increasing in modern society, including employment insecurity, the increased reliance on technology and excessive working hours. This essay will examine these issues in more detail and propose possible solutions.

One factor behind stress in modern life is the lack of job security. Nowadays, it is common for people to be employed on zero-hours contracts asn, as a result, this could lead them to worry about the availability of hours and subsequent pay they will receive each week. To deal with this problem, governments could implement laws that would forbid these types of contracts. If this was enforced, workers would be more secure and have less financial stress in their daily lives.

A further cause of stress is the increased use of technology. Although there are a multitude of benefits brought about by technology, it can also have negative effects on the working patterns of employees. For example, many workers feel pressured to check their emails during their free time which can impact their ability to have a healthy work-life balance. One way forward would be for organisations to enstate company policies that prohibit the answering of emails outside of working hours. A further contributing factor to stress can be the long working hours expected of employees. In many cases, people are working increasingly long hours  and there is often a social pressure to work late to be deemed as a good employee. To counteract this problem, governments could put measures in place to monitor maximum working hours of staff.

In conclusion, it is clear there are a range of causes behind the stresses of modern life, many of which are connected to the workplace and technology. Unless these issues are addressed, I believe that stress-related illnesses will continue to rise  and therefore, both governments and employers need to take responsibility and implement measures to take care of employees’ physical and mental wellbeing.

5. Advantage Disadvantage Essays

Advantage/disadvantages essays are usually worded in the following ways:

• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your opinion.
• Describe the advantages and disadvantages of _____ and give your opinion.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of _____ ?

It is also useful to be able to identify IELTS synonyms for advantages and disadvantages:

• What are the benefits and drawbacks of…?

A common mistake is that candidates do not express their opinion at any point in the essay. There are two methods you could take depending on the question. Take these examples:

• What are some advantages and disadvantages of living in a foreign country? You are not being asked to give your opinion but you should still give your opinion in the conclusion (evidence-led approach)
•  Do the advantages of living in the country outweigh the disadvantages? You should give your opinion in the introduction and then restate this in the conclusion

In the past, when students did a university degree, they tended to study in their own country. Nowadays, they have more of an opportunity to study abroad.

Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

Today children spend a lot of their free time watching TV.

Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of this practice?

The threat of nuclear weapons maintains world peace. Nuclear power provides cheap and clean energy.

The benefits of nuclear technology far outweigh the disadvantages.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In the past, when students did a university degree, they tended to study in their own country. Nowadays, they have the opportunity to study abroad.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of this development?

More and more people prefer to read news online rather than on paper.

Do you think  the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge and experience.

Thesis-led approach

Evidence-led approach

5.4 Sample Answer

Some people find living in the country enjoyable and relaxing, whereas others would not like to live in the country and prefer living in a big city instead.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in the countryside?

In recent years, a significant number of people have decided to move out of large cities in favour of living in more rural areas. Many believe there are significant benefits of doing this, while others think that there are drawbacks connected to living in the countryside. This essay will examine both points of view before I give my opinion.

One advantage of living in the country is that the pace of life is slower. If you live in the countryside, there are less daily pressures and you are not stuck in the rat race as you might be in a busy city. Furthermore, people have more time in their daily lives to dedicate to their physical and mental health. As a result, people living in the countryside have a greater quality of life and sense of wellbeing. Another benefit of living in the countryside is that there is less traffic congestion and more space dedicated to cycle paths and pedestrian areas. In other words, the air quality is better in the country which is also enhanced by the larger amount of green spaces.

On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of living in the country. One drawback, especially for younger people, is that there are less amenities and forms of entertainment than the city. For example, there is often a lack of nightlife which means that life for teenagers and young adults may become boring and monotonous. ANother drawback is that there are less job prospects. Living in the country means that it is generally difficult to acquire high-paying job opportunities, particularly if you want to climb the ladder and progress.

To sum up, it is clear that there are both advantages and disadvantages of living in the countryside. In my opinion, the drawbacks outweigh the benefits, especially from the point of view of young people. Although it is true that busy cities can be more stressful, on balance, I believe that cities provide more opportunities and excitement than living in the country.

6. Double Question Essays

For a double question essay, you must address both questions. A common mistake people make is to only address one question. To avoid this, make sure to:

• Identify that you have been given two questions to answer
• Give yourself enough time to dedicate to each question
• Address both questions in your introduction and conclusion
• Focus on one question in the first body paragraph and the other question in the second body paragraph

6.2 Example questions

The internet is a good source of information and has opened up opportunities for people all over the world.

Is all the information reliable online?

What could be done to control information online?

Many people prefer to watch foreign films rather than locally produced films.

Why could this be?

Should governments give more financial support to local film industries?

Nowadays, many people have easy access to computers and a large number of children play computer games.

What are the negative impacts of playing computer games?

What can be done to minimise these effects?

In spite of the advances in medicine, many people around the world still die from preventable diseases.

Why is this the case?

What can be done about this problem?

In most countries, the major museums are owned by the government, and some governments have decided not to charge people to enter those museums.

What are the pros and cons of making museums free to enter for everyone?

Do you think all governments should make major museums free for everyone?

The majority of governments around the world have decided to abolish entry fees to their most important museums. Some people believe that this puts a financial burden on the taxpayer and that the government should focus their spending on more significant projects. However, it is my view that making museums free is an effective use of government spending that has financial and cultural benefits.

One argument in favour of ensuring all museums are free to the public is that it will increase tourist numbers. Tourists are often attracted to cities with free cultural attractions, therefore, fee-free museums could be one determining factor that causes tourists to visit a country. In addition, local people can also benefit from this scheme as it opens opportunities to access culture and learning for those living in that city, particularly for those from low-income families that may otherwise be unable to access these experiences.

On the other hand, some argue that the government should reevaluate its priorities and spend less money funding museums and more expenditure on important sectors like education and health. These people believe that education and health are more fundamental to people’s lives. In times of austerity, it is often argued that spending on art and culture is not justified. Furthermore, the entrance fees for museums are often low and considered affordable for most people.

In conclusion, although I believe it is true that the allocation of government resources should prioritise important sectors such as health and education, on balance I believe that museums should be made free as it allows people from all socio-economic backgrounds the opportunity to learn and experience a country’s cultural treasures. If governments do decide to charge people to enter museums, this will only benefit those who can afford to pay whilst excluding those on lower incomes.

7. Writing Task 2 Band Descriptors Explained

7.1 task response (25%).

To achieve a high band score in task achievement, you must:

• Produce a formal essay (unlike writing task 1, you are allowed to use the first person ‘I’ to give your opinion in this essay)
• Write at least 250 words (you need to be able to sufficiently develop your ideas)
• Address all the issues given in the essay question (e.g. if the question asks you to discuss both sides of the argument, you should not only write about 1 side)
• Make sure your essay focuses on the specific issues in the statement question, not just the general essay topic
• Support your ideas with relevant examples

7.2 Coherence and Cohesion (25%)

To achieve a high band score in Coherence and Cohesion, you must:

• Organise your essay logically
• Use paragraphs (ideally four-five paragraphs: an introduction, two/three main body paragraphs and a conclusion)
• Only focus on one issue per paragraph and develop your argument
• Use a range of linking devices accurately and appropriately
• Use referencing effectively to avoid repetition (e.g., using ‘this’ or a pronoun to refer to refer back in your text to a noun/noun phrase)

7.3 Lexical Resource (25%)

To achieve a high band score in Lexical Resource, you must:

• Paraphrase carefully using a range of synonyms/antonyms/ collocations
• Use a range of vocabulary appropriate to the topic
• Show understanding of collocations (e.g. verb noun collocations)
• Avoid making spelling mistakes
• Avoid making errors in word choice
• Avoid informal language (e.g. slang and contractions)

7.4 Grammatical Range and Accuracy (25%)

To achieve a high band score in Grammatical Range and Accuracy, you must:

• Use a range of grammar tenses (e.g. past, present, future and perfect tenses; conditionals;)
• Make sure you use appropriate words order
• Use a range of sentences structures (e.g. simple and complex; active and passive voice)
• Use the correct punctuation (capital letters, full stops, commas etc.)
• Avoid grammatical errors, especially those that cause difficulty for the reader (give yourself time to read through your essay at the end of the test and check for errors)

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Different Types of Essay in IELTS: 9 Tips to Write a Perfect IELTS Essay

In the IELTS writing task 2, you are given an essay question that must be written in a minimum of 250 words and for this, you are given 40 minutes. There are different types of essays asked in the IELTS writing task 2. Let us discuss the different types of essay in IELTS Task 2.

Different Types of Essay in IELTS Task 2

In the sections below, you will learn about the types of essays of the IELTS Writing section and some tips to help you score a good band in your next exam.

Types of Essay in IELTS: How Many Types of Essay in IELTS?

Ever wondered about how many types of essays are there in IELTS? Fret not! After reading the section below, you will have knowledge about all of them.

Discussion and Opinion Based Essay

This is a typical IELTS writing job 2 essay question. In this form of essay, you must address two opposing viewpoints presented in the question statement and include your own personal viewpoint.

Some people believe that using animals for food and transportation should be prohibited entirely. Others, on the other hand, assume that using livestock for meat and research is appropriate.

Discuss all points of view and express your own.

Agree or Disagree Type

Another kind of IELTS writing task 2 essay is one in which you are given an argument and must clarify whether you agree or disagree with it. You may also accept and disagree with the assertion in sections. However, it is preferable to express oneself strongly and unequivocally.

With the advent of technologies, the crime rate has risen.

How far do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Two Parts Type

The questions in this IELTS writing assignment 2 essay form are divided into two sections. There are two pieces of the issue that you must answer.

Many children have developed a habit of excessively using smartphone applications at all hours of the day and night.

Why do you believe this?

What will parents do to prevent this condition from deteriorating further?

Also read: 5 Previous IELTS Writing Task 2 Exam Questions and Answers To Target Band 9

Compare and Contrast Type

Another kind of IELTS writing task 2 essay requires you to make distinctions between two items by listing their similarities and differences.

Some people choose to live in homes, while others think apartments are preferable to houses.

Compare and contrast the benefits and drawbacks of living in houses versus flats.

Problems and Solutions Type

The other kind of IELTS writing task 2 essay is one in which you must list problems associated with a certain subject and then propose solutions to those problems.

One of the big problems in cities is traffic congestion.

What are the issues that people face as a result of traffic?

Discuss potential options for solving it.

Solutions Type

Another form of IELTS writing task 2 essay that is identical to problems and solutions essays is the reasons (causes) and solutions essay, which can be divided into three parts: causes, reasons, and solutions, or two parts: causes and solutions.

As more people turn to personal cars, pollution levels have skyrocketed.

What are the main sources of pollution?

Discuss possible alternatives to the emissions crisis.

Advantages and Disadvantages Type

In this sort of IELTS writing task 2 article, you can discuss the benefits and drawbacks of everything. You must respond to both in order to complete the mission.

Online payment is rapidly replacing cash or other payment types as the primary form of payment.

What are the benefits of making an online payment?

What are the drawbacks?

Also Read: How to Write Agree and Disagree Essays in IELTS? Tips to Write the Perfect Essay

Tips for Perfect IELTS Essay Writing

Examine the essay prompt.

The most critical step in writing an essay or a research paper is thoroughly understanding the essay topic.

Create a Conclusion Argument

Begin your writing with a statement that will drive the rest of it. Your writing statement should be brief but include all of the key points you want to include in your article. When writing your article, keep your topic argument in mind at all times and never break from your key points. A strong essay argument may mean the difference between an A and a B on a test.

Create an Outline

Before you begin writing your essay or study article, create an outline. Plan out however you want your paper to move and what details you want to include, starting with your statement. This will greatly simplify the process of writing the final draft of your paper.

Focus More on the Body

Some students struggle the most with the presentation, so write it later to avoid being bogged down. This will encourage you to thoroughly form your thoughts and ideas before returning to incorporate the key points into your introduction.

Begin Each Paragraph with a Topic Sentence

Begin each paragraph with a subject sentence that reflects the paragraph’s main concept. To justify your subject sentence and argument, each paragraph should include quotes or explanatory material.

Also Read: Is there a Fact Check in Essay Writing in IELTS? Here’s a list of Do’s and Don’t

Use Some Reliable Sources

Quotes and historical facts are critical for maintaining legitimacy and defending the point, so make sure they come from reliable academic sources. Academic papers, peer-reviewed papers, textbooks, books by accredited writers, and NPR posts are all examples of scientific outlets. Magazine blogs, free forum submissions, encyclopaedia entries, and unverified web references are examples of insufficient scholarly outlets.

Don’t Try to Fool the Examiner

Avoid writing an article that fails to properly respond to the challenge. If you do not thoroughly grasp the essay prompt, you should stop rambling or fluff. Instead, ensure that each sentence brings value to your job. Remove something that isn’t completely important. Most teachers would choose a well-written article that falls short of the length requirement over a paper that satisfies the length requirement but is 80 percent fluff.

Conclude the Essay

Often starting your conclusion by restating your essay argument. This is your chance to tie all of your key points together and end with a high note. A successful conclusion would answer the key points of each body paragraph in a concise manner while still thoroughly proving your essay assertion.

Revise Again and Again

Reviewing is important for writing an excellent one. Any reviewer would not even read these if they are not grammatically correct or are littered with spelling errors. Here are a few suggestions for making your research paper more academically appropriate and ultimately perfect.

To achieve outstanding results and a high band score, greater attention must be paid to learning all about the structures and topics along with the various questions posed in those tests. Hopefully, you find this knowledge helpful, and if you have any more questions, concerns, or problems, please let us know in the comments down below, and we’ll be pleased to assist you.

If you are looking for essay topics, you can visit IELTS Ninja and click on the blog section. Find a wide range of essays under the Writing Task 2 tab.

Also Read: IELTS Writing Task 2 Samples: Exam Questions & Answers to Target Minimum Band 8

One Comment

Thank you for providing diferent types of essay, this was very helpful, can you also provide tips for vocabulary?

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About the Author

Madhurjya chowdhury.

Madhurjya Chowdhury, a web content writer in Ufaber EduTech has a very strong passion for writing and alluring the readers. You can find him writing articles for the betterment of exam aspirants and children. With immense interest in research-based content writing and copywriting, he likes to reach out to more and more people with his creative writing style. On the other side, he is an Electronics and Communication Engineer from LPU, Jalandhar. In his leisure time, he likes to play badminton or read about space discoveries. Apart from this, he is a pro gamer on PC, PS and Mobile gaming platforms.

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Writing task 2 types

IELTS Writing Task 2 comes in various forms and types and being able to determine the essay type is very important as your essay writing style would depend on it. While an IELTS essay asks you to agree/ disagree with a given statement, another one might ask you to analyse two views. There are a variety of situations and all the IELTS essay types could be categorised into a total of 10 different types.

This tutorial aims to give you comprehensive details of the types of essays you might encounter in a real IELTS exam and then tips on how to approach these different types of essays. IELTS essay types are then categorised with the sample question and model answer so that you can practice comprehensively.

10 types of IELTS Writing Task 2:

• Agree / Disagree.
• Compare & Contrast.
• Problem & Solution.
• Advantages and Disadvantages.
• Discuss two views.
• Discuss two views and give your opinion.
• Causes & Solutions.
• Causes and Effects.

Agree/ Disagree

This type of essay gives a statement/ opinion and asks you whether you agree with this opinion/ statement or disagree with it.

Sample Agree / Disagree Essay:

In many countries traditional foods is replaced by international fast foods. This has adverse effects on families, individuals, and the society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

The above essay question clearly asks you how far you agree or disagree with the given opinion.

Click here to get the list of the Agree/ Disagree type essays with model answers.

Compare & Contrast

This type of essay asks you to show the comparisons and contrasts of a given topic.

Sample Compare / Contrast Essay:

It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Click here to get the list of the Compare & Contrast type essays with model answers.

Problem & Solution

Problem & Solution type essays give a general issue that is related to a common problem and then ask you to propose solutions to this problem.

Sample Problem & Solution Essay:

Crime rate is increasing against the young women. Who is to blame? What are the possible solutions? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

In the above essay, the general issue is “Crime rate is increasing against the young women”. The part ‘ Who is to blame’ expects you to give background details of this problem while the possible solutions should be described as it is asked in the third sentence of the essay question.

Click here to get the list of the Problem & Solution type essays with model answers.

Advantages & Disadvantages

This essay type asks you to present the advantages/ merits and disadvantages/ drawbacks of a particular issue. You would often find phrases like:

• What are the advantages and disadvantages…
• Does this have more advantages than disadvantages…
• Describe the merits and demerits….
• Does the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?….

Sample Advantages & Disadvantages Essay:

Nowadays, parents send their children abroad for further education. At what age should they send their children abroad? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Click here to get the list of the Advantages & Disadvantages type essays with model answers.

Discuss two views

This type of essay gives you two opposite opinions and asks you to give details of both sides. This is a bit different from the ‘Discuss both views and give your opinion’ type essay. For the latter one you need to discuss both views and then must give your own opinion. However, for the ‘Discuss two views’ essay, you need to present viewpoints of both sides but you are not bound to present your own opinion.

Sample Discuss two views Essay:

Some people say that public libraries should be free, otherwise they are just a waste of money, especially because modern technologies and the internet allow easy access to resources. Discuss and give your point of view. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Click here to get the list of the Discuss two views to type essays with model answers.

Discuss two views and give your opinion

This essay type is pretty much the same as the previous one. The only difference is that it asks you to first discuss both views and then give your own opinion or own views.

Sample Discuss two views and give your opinion Essay:

Some people think the most efficient way to reduce the industrial pollution is to tax the companies which cause the pollution. Others think that there are better ways to reduce the pollution. Discuss both sides of the argument and give your views.

Click here to get the list of the Discuss two views and give your opinion type essays with model answers.

Causes & Solutions

The ‘Causes & Solutions’ type essay asks you to present the causes of a given situation or issue and then you need to present the possible solution to this problem.

Sample Causes & Solutions Essay:

In some countries young people have little leisure time and are under a lot of pressure to work hard in their studies. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Click here to get the list of the Causes & Solutions type essays with model answers.

Causes and Effects

Unlike the Causes and Solutions essay type, this essay asks you to give the causes and then the effects of this cause rather than presenting the solution. An issue of situation is given as an argument in this type of essay and then the question asks you to write the possible causes and effects of it.

Sample Causes and Effects Essay:

Childhood obesity is becoming a serious problem in many countries. Explain the main causes and effects of this problem and suggest some possible solutions.

Click here to get the list of the Causes and Effects type essays with model answers.

The opinion essays give you a scenario and ask you to write down your opinion.

Sample Opinion Essay:

People tend to watch foreign movies more than local movies these days. Should government financially support local movies? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Click here to get the list of the Opinion type essays with model answers.

Sometimes an IELTS essay combines two or more essay types and for this type of essay, the question parts should be individually answered.

Sample Mixed Essay:

Is ambition a positive or negative characteristic? Is it necessary for success? What is your point of view on this topic? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Click here to get the list of the Mixed type essays with model answers.

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Types of essays to expect in your IELTS Writing Task 2

Preparing for IELTS Writing? Read this article on the different types of essays you are likely to encounter in the test.

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In Task 2 of the IELTS Writing test, you are asked to write an essay of at least 250 words in both the Academic and General training modules.  However, should you use the same approach to all essay questions?  The answer to this question is ‘no’ as there is more than one question type to consider when writing your answer. It is important to understand what the task requires from you because you may lose marks unnecessarily, even if you have good grammar and vocabulary.  Let’s have a look in more detail.

Opinion Essay

Here is a sample opinion essay question:

With traffic jams and pollution increasing every year in big cities, some people say that public transport should be free in big cities to help reduce these problems which are caused by cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In the introduction to the essay, you can provide some background information, but importantly, make sure you paraphrase the input language (the words from the question) and indicate your position on the matter.  For example:

With the growth of middle classes around the world, ownership of motor cars has become much more common, particularly for those who reside in large urban areas.  It has been argued that free public transport should be provided in these metropolises as a method to curb the amount of polluted air and traffic congestion. This essay will explain why this approach should not be undertaken for cost and mobility reasons.

When it comes to your body paragraphs, it is important to have one core idea that you extend and develop.  You can do this by mentioning further explanation about a particular point, an example, a consequence or possibly a concession.  Let’s compare the two paragraphs below:

Paragraph A

The reasons for not providing free public transport for urban residents are diverse.  Firstly, there would be a significant cost for the government to pay for this, meaning they would have no option but to raise taxes for individuals rather than for industry which produces more pollution.  Secondly, this would be unfair for those who need to use vehicles for more door-to-door travel, such as people who live far from train and bus stations or those who need to carry many things with them.  Furthermore, if public transport is free, there would be overcrowding on trains and buses, meaning that people simply replace one type of inconvenience for another.

Paragraph B

Looking at the argument from a cost perspective, even though there is an initial financial advantage for commuters with savings made on fuel, at some point down the track this would be lost, as municipal governments would have no choice but to raise taxes to pay for the construction, management and maintenance of public transport facilities.  If the funds allocated to this were invested in how to make vehicles greener instead, such as with electric cars, the issue of air pollution would be addressed in a more cost-effective way. For example, the city of Taiyuan in China now has better air quality partly due to the investment they made in electric taxis and buses.

Paragraph A addresses the question, but it does have some issues:

1. There is no topic sentence.

2. There are too many ideas. It is better to have one core idea which is expanded or extended rather than making a list of separate items.

The reasons for not providing free public transport for urban residents are diverse. Firstly, there would be a significant cost for the government to pay for this, meaning they would have no option but to raise taxes for individuals rather than for industry which produces more pollution.  Secondly, this would be unfair for those who need to use vehicles for more door-to-door travel, such as people who live far from train and bus stations or those who need to carry many things with them. Furthermore, if public transport is free, there would be overcrowding on trains and buses, meaning that people simply replace one type of inconvenience for another.

Paragraph B is better developed than Paragraph A because:

It has a clear central topic (money)

The topic is extended with:

A concession

A consequence

Lastly, it is useful to end your essay with a conclusion.  This is where you can review your answer (your position plus the main points from the body paragraphs) and finish off with a final thought or suggestion.  For example:

To summarise, free public transport is not a viable option to reduce road blockages and improve air quality, as there are better cost efficient ways to do this and the mobility issues it can cause.  Moving forward, cities around the world should adopt greener transport options whether they be public or personal to ensure better traffic flow with fewer impurities in the air.

Discussion Essay

Here is a sample discussion essay.

Some people say that children should learn a foreign language when they are at kindergarten, but others feel that it is better for children to do this when they are teenagers. Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.

The main thing to understand in a task like this is that there are 3 parts to the answer:

Discuss both of these views (1st and 2nd part)

and give your own opinion (3rd part)

When it comes to your introduction, it is important to mention both of these views, plus indicating your position can also be a good approach. For example:

Given that the world has become more globalised, the need to be able to use foreign languages has increased.  As a result, there are those who believe that a child’s kindergarten years should be when another language is introduced, while the opposing view is that it is more ideal to wait for when a youngster reaches adolescence.  This essay will reflect on both of these viewpoints before concluding with why the infancy argument is more valid.

When you ‘discuss both of these views’ in your body paragraphs, make sure you avoid mentioning your personal view.  This can avoid any confusion between what you think and what they views of others are.  Here are some introductory parts to the body paragraphs when discussing both views:

Looking at the kindergarten perspective firstly, the key reason why some claim this is a beneficial approach is …

With regards to waiting for the teenage years, supporters of this view argue that …

You will see that the writer has used phrases like ‘some claim’ and ‘supporters of this view’ to make sure that his/her own opinion is clearly separated.  When introducing your own perspective, you can clearly mark it as follows:

On balance, my personal view is to support the former view because …

Weighing up both sides of the issue, despite the confusion a second language can cause youngsters in their development, I am of the belief that...

Two-part Questions

Another question type you may see in your IELTS Writing test is one where you have two separate prompts you need to answer. Here are a few examples:

These days, many cities have problems when they grow quickly, such as accidents and traffic jams. Why do these problems occur? How do these problems impact people who travel for work or study?

A trend in current times is the need for many workers to spend time outside of company hours on answering text and e-mail messages for their job. What problems does this cause for the worker? What can be done to reduce the impact of these problems?

It is becoming very common these days for students to take courses over the Internet instead of in face-to-face classrooms. Why are more students choosing this way of learning? Is this a positive or a negative development?

In this type of task, you can write a body paragraph on each of the two questions, but it is important to fully understand what you focus should be. Try to match these tasks (A, B or C) with the type of response required:

Task Type                      Sample Question

1. Cause + opinion:           A, B or C?

2. Cause + effect:              A, B or C?

3. Cause + solution           A, B or C?

We can look at these sample questions in more detail now:

Why do these problems occur? = cause

How do these problems impact people who travel for work or study?   = effect

Therefore, this matches Type 2.

What problems does this cause for the worker?   = effect

What can be done to reduce the impact of these problems?   = solution

Therefore, this matches Type 3.

Why are more students choosing this way of learning?   = cause

Is this a positive or a negative development?   = opinion

Therefore, this matches Type 1.

We hope you found this article useful in helping you better prepare for the different types of essays you are likely to encounter in the IELTS Writing test.

Achieve your desired band score in IELTS Writing

The IELTS Writing test is considered as one of the toughest sections of the IELTS test. It doesn’t have to be when you have the right tools to boost your preparation and be confident on your test day. Check out these articles to learn more about the IELTS Writing test: 

IELTS Writing Task 2: How to understand IELTS question prompts  

How to paraphrase and boost your IELTS Writing Score  

Edit your IELTS Writing to avoid mistakes  

The A to Z of IELTS

Find the list of related articles you need to improve your speaking, writing, and reading skills. Now, prepare and aim for a high band score

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Types of IELTS Essays: Everything You Need To Know 

• Updated on  
• Jan 3, 2024

The IELTS Writing Task 2 presents five main essay types: Opinion, Discussion, Advantage/Disadvantage, and Double-question essays. Test takers are given around 40 minutes to complete their chosen essay. Acquiring a thorough understanding of the different essay types will help you score better in the IELTS Writing Task 2, potentially setting you apart from your peers. 

Different Types of Essays in IELTS General Writing Task 2

There are 5 types of essays asked in IELTS General Writing Task 2. These are Opinion, Discussion, Problem-Solution, Advantage-Disadvantage and Double Question Essays. Refer to the data given below to understand the different types of essays in IELTS writing. 

Opinion Essays 

Opinion essays are also known as ‘agree/disagree’/’argumentative’ essays. These essays typically require individuals to express their opinions or arguments on the given topic. Opinion essay questions are predominantly framed as: 

• What is your opinion? 
• Do you agree or disagree? 
• To what extent do you agree or disagree? 

Opinion Essay Question Sample: 

• Students should be allowed to use their mobile devices during their classes. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 
• Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Tips to Remember: 

• Indicate which side of the argument you’d like me to elucidate.
• Highlight your opinion in the introduction clearly and concisely. 
• Add examples and statements to add weight to your essay. 
• Give reasons why you hold this view.

Essay Structure

• Introduction- Paraphrase the question, State your opinion, and Give Two Reasons 
• Main Body Paragraph 1-  Outline the first reason for supporting this view, Emphasize the idea, and Provide an example
• Main Body Paragraph 2- Give your second reason supporting your opinion, explain the idea, and provide an example. 
•  Conclusion- Summarise your essay and give a solid conclusion

Discussion Essays 

These essays require you to analyse both sides of an argument. You’ll be expected to explore arguments for and against a specific statement, and ultimately, express your own opinion. Therefore, it’s best to prepare two distinct perspectives: one in which you find merit in the proposed statement, and another where you hold reservations. This balanced approach will demonstrate your comprehensive understanding of the topic and allow you to form a well-reasoned stance.

Discussion Essay Sample Questions: 

• Some people think that sports should be a mandatory part of the academic curriculum across schools at the primary level. However, some believe that sports should not be included as a part of the curriculum. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 
• Some people believe that AI should be implemented in creative work. However, some believe that one should refrain from using AI in creative works. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 
• Inculcate the ability to perceive arguments from multiple angles. Understanding the reasoning behind differing perspectives fosters informed opinion-forming and facilitates productive arguments. 
• Talk about both perspectives, i.e., the one with which you agree and the one with which you don’t. 
• Many test takers make the common mistake of crafting their discussion essays weighing on only one side of the argument. This one-dimensional approach fails to demonstrate critical thinking and neglects the nuance inherent in most complex issues.
• Introduction- Paraphrase the question, State your own opinion, and Provide two reasons supporting your argument. 
• Main body paragraph 1 – State the view you don’t agree with, Provide an explanation with the help of examples
• Main body paragraph 2 – State the view you do agree with, Provide an explanation with the help of an example
• Conclusion- Summarise your essay 

Problem Essays 

Problem essays are commonly known as ‘causes and solutions’/ ‘problems and solutions’ essays. Such essays necessitate a focus on the specific problems and solutions outlined in the question. However, simply compiling a list of every conceivable issue and remedy is a fruitless endeavour. Instead, one must emphasize upon identifying problems and solutions that seamlessly intertwine, forming a cohesive narrative that comprehensively addresses the given topic.

Problem Essay Question Samples: 

• Poverty is a major global issue. What are the primary causes of poverty? How can it be solved? 
• Cigarette smoking kills more people than bullets. What are the negative effects of smoking cigarettes? How can one stop smoking? 

Tips to Remember

• You should avoid listing too many causes and solutions. 
• Pick one or two causes and solutions and work on them. 
• Make sure that your causes and solutions are interlinked with each other. They must correlate. 
• Introduction- Paraphrase the question and highlight the primary problem and solution. 
• Main Body Paragraph 1- State the primary problem and provide a coherent explanation with the help of examples. 
• Main Body Paragraph 2- State the solution with the help of explanations and examples.
• Conclusion- Summarise the key points 

Advantages & Disadvantages Essays

These essays require test takers to write about both the advantages and disadvantages of the given topic. Some questions about advantage/disadvantage essays are framed as: 

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of….?
• Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your opinion.

Advantages and Disadvantages Sample Question 

• AI is being implemented in most of the working sectors in the world. What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using AI? 
• Introduction- Paraphrase the question and then provide your opinion. 
• Main body paragraph 1 – State the advantage and explain it in your own words along with some examples. Furthermore, state the result. 
• Main body paragraph 2 – State the disadvantage and explain along with examples and results. 
• Conclusion- Summarise the key points and state your opinion. 

Double Question Essays

Such essays are commonly known as direct-question or two-question essays. In these essays, test takers are required to answer two different questions that may or may not be linked. 

• Test takers must answer both questions. 
• Make sure to not confuse double-question essays with discussion or opinion essays. 
• Avoid writing about too many ideas. 

Double Question Sample  Essays 

• In academics and jobs, some people work harder than others. Why do some people work harder? Is it always better to work hard? 
• Companies use advertisements to make more sales. How can advertising help companies monetarily? Is advertising good or bad for sales? 
• Introduction- Paraphrase the question and outline the sentence. 
• Main body paragraph 1 –State your answer and explain your answer with the help of an example.
• Main body paragraph 2 – State your answer and explain with the help of an example. 
• Conclusion- Summarise both questions and answers.

Best Vocabulary for IELTS Essays

Mastery of vocabulary is integral to scoring better in IELTS Writing Task 2. A robust vocabulary not only demonstrates fluency in English but also showcases your ability to articulate complex ideas with ease. Furthermore, employing effective linking words and phrases strengthens the coherence and flow of your writing. To assist you in achieving high scores, here are some valuable vocabulary resources for IELTS essays.

So that was all about the types of IELTS Essays. We hope the blog has answered your queries about the topic.

Ans. There are five different types of IELTS Essays, namely opinion essays, discussion essays, problem essays, advantage/disadvantage essays and double-question essays. 

Ans. The IELTS Writing Task 2 requires students to complete the task within 40 minutes. 

Ans. On the other hand, On the contrary, However, Nevertheless, But, and Nonetheless are some of the words that you can use to show contrast in IELTS Essays.

Visit the Leverage Live page of Leverage edu or contact our study abroad experts at 1800-57-2000 to strengthen your scores and application to secure your spot in your dream college. 

Shubham Das

Shubham Das has been working as an educational content writer for the past two years and has a background in filmmaking & screenplay/ teleplay writing. He is fascinated by the human psyche, literature and cinema.

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Different Types of IELTS Essays

Learn the different types of essay questions in the IELTS test, so that you can respond better to the questions and structure your essays better. This will increase your score for task response and cohesion and coherence.

I have six different structures to fit the six different types of questions that you’re likely to encounter in your IELTS writing test. You need to learn how to identify and respond to these different types of questions in order to have an ideal response and essay structure. You should visit my website and learn all of these and read my model answer in order to fully understand how to write your essays. If you would like to challenge yourself further you can do the homework tasks to check your understanding and receive feedback on the score you’re likely to receive and how to increase it. Please see the following essay types on my website:

𝗔𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗼𝗿 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗵 𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗔𝗱𝘃𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗱𝘃𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗢𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝘆 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗢𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝘆

Get your homework corrected to find out the band score and how to increase it.

23 thoughts on “Different Types of IELTS Essays”

My gratitude to you for all you have done for many years with your dedication and real commitment to help and support your students. ❤⚘

Thanks Cyrus. I really appreciate you taking the time to comment.

Thank you,Cyrus! Your video really helps me in writing part! I appreciate your outline , it is completely clear . \

Not sure who Cyrus is!

Maybe Cyrus is my AI assistant!

In IELTS essays when we have an opinion like “somewhat agree” … When we go on to the reasons why we disagree… We are making a concession. Essentially we are conceding that there is another side to the argument.  So this occurs in your 3rd paragraph of task 7 when you start to mention the value of technology.

I’m not a big fan of concessions… On the whole most people don’t write them well and it lowers their score. So on the whole against concessions for this reason… But let me now make a concession against this. However,  If someone is able to write them well it could result in a higher score and it could be something that help someone get to 8 or 9 for task response.

If you must get to 8 you can consider writing them. You can also consider writing them for practice. But for someone who only need 7 I would only be writing a concession if I could not think of 2 reasons to totally agree or disagree… In this situation you might have to have one reason to agree ond one reason to disagree

Hi Mike, I am really suffering with variety of vocabulary for writing essay, can you guide which exact sourse i can use for essays.

For most writers, the main issue is getting the structure and response right. I don’t have much on vocabulary, you can read my model answers and you can look here: https://www.ieltsanswers.com/writing-vocabulary.html

I love your work!

For questions such as “Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages” what question type is this? I felt lost when I stumbled on this question type in my last IELST for which I had a 6 in writing but 8+ in other sections, quite a bummer! Thank you!

HI. this type of essay is essentially an opinion essay… It’s asking for your opinion about whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages… Which I like to paraphrase as merits outweigh the drawbacks.

You can see a model essay I wroteto get ideas about how to structure this type of essay https://www.ieltsanswers.com/model-essays/arts-media-2.html

You can see a model essay I wrote to get ideas about how to structure this type of essay https://www.ieltsanswers.com/model-essays/arts-media-2.html

Hi Mike, Can you suggest of which type below essays are?

In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. For today’s world, which system is appropriate?

Many newspapers and magazines feature stories about the private lives of famous people. We know what they eat, where they buy their clothes and who they love. We also often see pictures of them in private situations. Is it appropriate for a magazine or newspaper to give this kind of private information about people?

both questions most closely for an opinion essay

https://www.ieltsanswers.com/ielts-opinion-essay.html

Hi Mike, For the below two questions do we need to take one side completely or can we take partial stand. In other words how are these different from the essay type ‘to what extant do you agree or disagree?’

1. It is better for children if the whole families are involved in the children’s upbringing, rather than their fathers and mothers only. Give your opinion?

2. Some people believe that unpaid community service should be compulsory part of high school programs. Do you agree or disagree?

Thanks, Rajendra

All three questions are essentially asking the same thing. the only real difference is that “to what extent do you agree or disagree” requires that you not only say whether you agree or disagree but also how much. With the other two questions, you don’t necessarily have to say how much you agree or disagree, but I would still recommend it because it makes for a clearer opinion. You can see how I write this type of essay here: https://www.ieltsanswers.com/ielts-opinion-essay.html

I think side 2 in the (Both sides+opinion) should be disadvantages

Thanks for your help. You are correct and I have fixed this!

I am student from Afghanistan , I would really like to take IELTS . I need your kindness help . Please give me a hand for passing this exams. I will appreciate respectfully. Karimi.

Please see the link below about preparing for your test https://www.ieltsanswers.com/preparing-ielts-test.html

Dear Mike , Could you please point out what task type is (is this negative or positive development) ? and what structure should be followed in response to that kind of questions? Thanks

Hi Mohamad, it is an opinion essay . introduction = rephrase the topic and state whether it is positive or negative reason 1 it is positive or negative reason 2 it is positive or negative conclusion = restate your opinion and summarise the reasons from the body https://www.ieltsanswers.com/ielts-opinion-essay.html

Hi Mr. Mike, Could you please tell me what is the type of those questions because I am confused 1) do you think this is more advantageous or more disadvantageous ? 2)do you think it has more positive or negative effects? is this an opinion essay or discussion+ opinion

Sara, I suggest you 1. write using an opinion format 2. write in 3rd person and not 1st “I believe the merits outweigh the drawbacks” = “the merits outweigh the drawbacks”

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About Mike I’m Mike Wattie from Australia. I have been teaching IELTS for over 20 years in Asia and Australia.

I have written IELTS books and this enables me to be an effective tutor. This is because I understand the main problems that students have taking the test and also the ways to overcome them.

Maybe you would like me to teach you the necessary skills and strategies to pass your test.

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IELTS Writing Task 2

Ielts writing task 2 essays.

You need to analyse the question first, find the issues in the question, plan and organise ideas, write supporting points and specific examples, paraphrase well, give a good introduction and conclusion. There is a lot to do.

If you don’t use the right approach then it will be very difficult to raise your score you need to have a good foundation of grammar and vocabulary to get to Band 7. Some people become obsessed with a Band 9, but Band 9 is quite rare in IELTS writing task 2. Most universities or companies only require Band 7 or 8.

IELTS essays are marked according to specific marking criteria set out by Cambridge, so if you know what the examiner is looking for, then you have a good chance of getting a good band score. Some students have very good English skills but are not familiar with the way IELTS essays are marked and end up losing a band score because of this.

Click here for the marking criteria in IELTS writing task 2.

5 types of essay questions in ielts writing task 2., 1. advantages and disadvantages essay 2. opinion essay 3. discussion essay 4. two-part question essay / direct question essay 5. problem solution essay / causes solution essay, model answers.

IELTS discussion essay model answer on university studies (IELTS 18 book).

IELTS discussion essay model answer on work and migration (IELTS 17 book).

IELTS discussion essay model answer on the topic of education

IELTS advantage disadvantage (outweigh) essay model answer and structures.

IELTS two-part question essay model answer on homes (IELTS 16 book)

IELTS two-part question essay model answer on owning or renting a home.

IELTS opinion essay on the role of newspapers and books in the future

Crime and punishment vocabulary with a crime essay model answer

IELTS opinion essay model answer on the topic of wealth

IELTS opinion essay model answer on ‘choice’ with structure and analysis

IELTS causes solutions essay on the topic of endangered animals (video)

7 model answers for the 5 different types of essays in IELTS

How to write a causes solution essay with a model answer

Important tips/lessons about IELTS essays

Writing an essay introduction without paraphrasing

Time management issues in your writing (video)

7 step guide to writing examples in main body paragraphs

Realistic expectations when preparing for IELTS

Why a Band 9 student was stuck at Band 6.5 in writing

IELTS Discussion essay language: Expressing others views

Complex sentences lesson: using ‘tend to’ ‘That’ clauses and modals

Words and phrases to avoid in the IELTS writing section

Balancing your opinion in an IELTS essay

3 types of advantage disadvantage essays.

The difference between a problem solution and causes solution essay

How to write effective body paragraphs in IELTS essays

How many words should be in an IELTS essay?

Video Lesson: 8 reasons why you are not getting Band 7

Setting up your personalised study plan

9 things that are stopping you from getting a Band 7

Referencing in IELTS: avoiding repetition with pronouns

Handwriting, paragraphing and using the official IELTS answer sheet

Key points about learning new vocabulary

Keeping it simple and concise in your writing

The danger of putting memorised sentences in essays

Why does this essay score Band 6?

5 things to do before writing your essay

Time management in IELTS writing

Clearing up confusion in IELTS

IELTS Grammar: how to use conjunctions in essays.

When should I write my opinion in an IELTS essay?

Step by step Guide to paraphrasing in IELTS Writing

Paraphrasing lesson 1 and practice exercise

Paraphrasing lesson 2 and practice for introductions

Paraphrasing without synonyms

Step by step guide to using cohesive devices in IELTS writing

Using personal pronouns in IELTS essays

How to write an effective conclusion

The importance of analysing an IELTS essay question

How to write a thesis statement in IELTS essays

Writing complex sentences in IELTS essays

How to think of ideas for your essay

How to write a good introduction to a problem solution essay

How to identify the 5 types of IELTS task 2 essays

What are the 10 most common mistakes students make with IELTS essays? Click here to find out more…

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6 Types of Essays in IELTS Writing Task 2

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Updated on 29 July, 2024

Sunita Kadian

Ielts expert.

Did you know having a command over different IELTS essays can help you improve your band score? Wondering how? I was also left pondering about the same when my friend received a 8+ band in IELTS writing! The secret? She had mastered the art of writing IELTS essays by understanding different types of essays and how to go about each differently.

Being aware of the distinctions between each type of essay not only helps when you come to clear up your thoughts, it also means that your composition will meet the standards which examiners are looking out for in IELTS tests.

Let’s look at different types of IELTS essays in detail.

Table of Contents

1. discussion essay, 2. opinion essay, 3. two-part essay, 4. advantage and disadvantage essay, 5. cause and solution essay, 6. mixed type essays, 1. opinion essays, 2. discussion essays, 3. problem-solution essays, 4. advantage-disadvantage essays, 5. two-part (or direct question) essays, 6. mixed essays, recommended structure for ielts writing task 2, 1. understand the prompt, 2. plan your essay, 3. use clear and coherent language, 4. stay on topic, 5. review and revise, annotations for each essay part:, download e-books for ielts preparation, learn more about study abroad, download ielts sample papers, important study abroad articles, popular study abroad destinations, types of essay in ielts writing task 2.

In IELTS Writing Task 2, test-takers need to respond to a point of view, argument or problem. To score high in IELTS Writing Task 2, you must have a clear grasp of the various essay types that could come up in the exam.

This essay may be the difference between a low band and a high band overall for your writing. Here are the different types of essays in IELTS Academic Writing Task 2 that will help you understand the pattern and format.

• Discussion Essay
• Opinion Essay
• Two-part Essay
• Advantage/Disadvantage Essay
• Cause/Solution Essay
• Mixed Type Essays

In discussion essays, you get a question with opposing views, where you have to discuss both sides of a statement and give supporting points. Start with mentioning general opinions on both the views based on what others think about it. You can state your personal opinion only if you are asked to do so.

The easiest way to approach this type of IELTS Task 2 question is to choose one point of view to agree with and disagree with the other. For this, you need to understand the question well and then draft the essay in such a way that it does justice to both sides. This is up to you to decide whether you agree with the statement or not.

Example: Many consider television is good for students, while some think it is a bad influence. Here, you need to speak for both sides and finally pen down your opinion. The structure of the discussion essay looks like the following:-

• Introduction: stating both the views
• Paragraph A with opinion of others on one view
• Paragraph B with opinion of others on another view
• Conclusion: Summarizing both the sides and ending with a personal opinion (only if asked)

The opinion essay is the most common type of IELTS Task 2 question. Here, the question will be presented with a particular opinion. you need to either agree or disagree with the opinion and provide your opinion based on relevant information, ideas, and experience.

This is also an argumentative essay where the opinions are discussed, and contrary statements are produced. There should be suitable reasons behind agreeing or disagreeing with the particular opinion in the question. It is important to discuss both views, from agreeing to disagreeing points of view, and end the essay with your opinion.

Example: A big salary is much more important than job satisfaction. Do you agree? Do you disagree? What is your opinion? This is a high scoring essay, but it is essential to understand the question and present a relevant opinion with the support of evidence and ideas. The following is the structure of the opinion essay:-

• Introduction with paraphrasing the question and stating your opinion
• Paragraph A with no topic sentence but a core idea
• Paragraph B with the expansion and supporting examples of the core idea stated in paragraph A
• Conclude with your final thought or opinion on the question

In the two-part essay type, you get one statement followed by two different questions. These questions may or may not be linked. This essay type is also known as a two question or direct-question essay. Below is the structure of the multi-part essay:-

• Introduction: paraphrasing the question and highlighting the sentences that answer the two questions
• Paragraph A: answering the first question with a topic sentence, explanation, and supporting examples
• Paragraph B: answering the second question with a topic sentence, explanation, and supporting examples
• Conclusion: highlighting the key points of both the answers

An advantage and disadvantage essay type is also a two-part essay, where you need to enlist all the advantages and disadvantages of a particular thing, event, or situation. given in the statement.

It is essential to understand the question; only then will candidates be able to note down all the perks and drawbacks of a certain sentence. For example, a topic like “Some people think it is good to take a year gap before joining the university.” Write the advantages and disadvantages of this statement. Here, you are not supposed to write your own opinion or agree or disagree with the statement. It is an informative essay where you discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a particular event or thing.

Make sure the points are valid for both sides. The question type could be any of the following three categories where:-

• you have to write advantages and disadvantages only.
• you have to decide whether the number of advantages outweighs the number of disadvantages or vice versa.
• you have to write advantages and disadvantages along with stating your opinion.

Also, when writing the advantage and disadvantage type of essay, the below essay structure must be followed:-

• Introduction: rephrasing the question and highlighting the view points from there
• Paragraph A: mentioning one or two advantage(s) along with a detailed explanation and one example
• Paragraph B: mentioning one or two disadvantage(s) along with a detailed explanation and one example
• Conclusion: highlighting the key takeaways and your opinion

A cause and solution essay type gives you a question stating a problem. Here, you are expected to mention the causes of a certain situation or event, along with all the solutions or precautions to avoid such problems.

You must analyze and interpret the statement to find the causes and think of unique and competitive ideas that can stop or prevent those problems For instance, pollution has drastically increased with more and more people switching to personal vehicles. What are the other causes of pollution? Discuss the solutions to overcome the problem of pollution.

Follow the below-mentioned essay structure for cause and solution type of essay in IELTS Writing Task 2:-

• Introduction: paraphrasing the problem statement given in the question
• Paragraph A: mentioning the problem or cause, along with its explanation and supporting example
• Paragraph B: mentioning the solution, along with its explanation and supporting example
• Conclusion: mentioning the key points and your opinion 

A mixed type essay, as the name suggests, combines elements from different essay formats in IELTS Writing Task 2. Rather than stating a direct agree/disagree or problem/solution essay, it usually presents two separate questions related to the same topic.

These questions require you to analyze the cause or provide solutions (like problem-solution essays) or discuss advantages and disadvantages and then express your viewpoints (similar to opinion essays). Hence, these essays are also termed as Advantages and Disadvantages + Opinion Essays.

When writing IELTS mixed type essays, you must remember that both parts of the question are answered and connect to the central topic. You should carefully analyze the two questions before attempting to understand what each part requires and answer them meticulously.

Here is a brief breakdown of the structure of the mixed IELTS essays:-

• Introduction: Briefly introduce the topic and remember to state the two parts of the question.
• Paragraph A: cover the first part of the question with examples in one or two paragraphs.
• Paragraph B: write one or two paragraphs dedicated to the second part of the question, which is to express your opinion on the topic. 
• Conclusion: highlight the key points and state your opinion or provide a solution to the topic. 

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Detailed Analysis of Each IELTS Essay Type

Definition and characteristics:.

Opinion essays require the candidate to express their viewpoint on a specific topic. The essay must clearly state whether they agree or disagree with the statement and provide reasons and examples to support their opinion.

Discussion essays ask candidates to discuss both sides of an argument and present their viewpoints. It involves a balanced discussion where both perspectives are considered before stating the candidate's opinion.

Problem-solution essays require the identification of a problem and the suggestion of one or more solutions. The essay should outline the problem, its causes, and possible solutions.

Advantage-disadvantage essays involve discussing the pros and cons of a given topic. Candidates must weigh both sides and provide a balanced view.

Direct question essays consist of two or more questions related to a topic. Candidates need to address each question comprehensively.

Mixed IELTS essays are the ones where the question has two parts, one related to the problem statement/cause or advantage/disadvantage and the other requires you to express your opinion.

Common Question Prompts:

• "Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?"
• "To what extent do you agree or disagree?"
• "Discuss both views and give your opinion."
• "What are the advantages and disadvantages of this approach?"
• "What are the problems associated with X, and how can they be solved?"
• "Discuss the causes and effects of X and provide solutions."
• "What are the advantages and disadvantages of X?"
• "Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of X."
• "What are the reasons for X? What can be done to improve it?"
• "Why do people X? What are the consequences?"
• “What are the main reasons for X? Do you believe X?”
• “Why is X? Discuss your viewpoints on this.”

Now that you have understood the different essay types, let me throw some light on the recommended structure for writing an effective essay in the IELTS Writing Task 2. You will get to know how your structured essay can make a great difference on your answer’s presentation.

Here’s the IELTS essay structure one must follow:

Introduction:

Briefly introduce the topic. Clearly state your thesis or main point.

• Opinion Essays: Two or three paragraphs, each presenting a reason supporting your opinion.
• Discussion Essays: One paragraph for each side of the argument, followed by a paragraph stating your opinion.
• Problem-Solution Essays: One paragraph detailing the problem, followed by one or two paragraphs suggesting solutions.
• Advantage-Disadvantage Essays: One paragraph each for advantages and disadvantages, followed by a conclusion.
• Two-part Questions Essays: One paragraph per question, addressing each comprehensively.
• Mixed Type Essays: One paragraph for the first part of the question, followed by one or two paragraphs on your opinion.

Conclusion:

Summarize the main points. Restate your opinion or main point. Provide a final thought or recommendation if applicable.

Related Reads:

5 Tips for Writing Effective Essays in IELTS Writing Task 2

Ensure you comprehend what the question is asking before you start writing. Often candidates make the mistake of going by what they see first and answering differently from what is expected as an answer. 

Take a few minutes to outline your main points. This can be done by creating a rough structure (paragraph-wise) of these points to give you a template to follow when you start writing. 

Avoid overly complex sentences that may confuse the reader. Stick to simple and grammatically correct language that gets the message across. 

Ensure each paragraph addresses the essay question directly. Offer examples, but do not get into other territory. Stick to the main topic as much as possible. 

Leave a few minutes at the end to check for grammatical or spelling errors. Also, make sure that you stick to a reasonable word count for your essay.

Pro Tip: Improving your command of the English language can help to articulate your thoughts. Practice reading the English newspaper’s editorial section to gain a good knowledge of vocabulary and grammar. Practice listening to English news channels daily to better understand topics that need your agreement or disagreement.

Sample Essay Breakdown

Here is an example of how to write an essay for IELTS writing task 2.

Sample Essay:

In recent years, the debate over whether students should be required to wear school uniforms has intensified. While some argue that uniforms promote equality, I firmly believe they restrict individual expression. I will illustrate my opinion regarding how uniforms should not be worn in order to avoid limiting personal expression.

It can be said that uniforms do promote a sense of equality among students. From a surface level, it may matter, considering how students come from varying family and financial backgrounds. Some may also argue that uniforms instill a sense of discipline and adherence to the rules and regulations of the educational institution. At the same time, they also work as identifiers of the institution itself, while building a sense of pride and respect among students in flaunting their association with the same.

Despite taking the above-mentioned considerations into account, I believe that wearing them amounts to restrictions on personal expression. In an increasingly competitive world, the one thing that works as a differentiator among learners is individuality. This is also linked intrinsically to personal expression, beliefs, creativity, and mental wellbeing.

Allowing students to not wear uniforms and instead cultivate their own style of dressing will have multiple benefits, in terms of freeing them up to showcase their personal styles, foster creativity, and give them an independent and confident streak that will help them excel in their later professional and personal lives.

In conclusion, while uniforms may foster equality, the restriction on personal expression is too significant. Therefore, I believe students should not be required to wear them.

• The introduction clearly states the topic and the writer's opinion.
• Each body paragraph provides a clear reason supporting the opinion, with examples.
• The conclusion succinctly summarizes the argument and restates the opinion.

Now, you must have a fair understanding of what you should include in each part of the IELTS essay. Make sure you check these carefully since this is how the examiner will evaluate the essay. 

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In conclusion, understanding the different types of essays in IELTS Writing Task 2 is crucial for candidates aiming to achieve a high score. Whether it's an argumentative, discussion, problem-solution, or opinion essay, each type demands a specific approach in terms of structure, development of ideas, and argumentation.

Success in this task hinges not just on linguistic proficiency but also on the ability to organize and present thoughts coherently, addressing the essay prompt effectively while showcasing a range of vocabulary and grammatical structures. 

As candidates prepare for their IELTS exam, practicing these various essay types and receiving feedback on their writing can significantly enhance their skills, equipping them to tackle IELTS Writing Task 2 with confidence and precision.

Other Useful Reads:

How many types of essays are there in IELTS?

There are mainly six types of essays in IELTS. These essays are: Discussion Essay, Agree/Disagree (Opinion) Essay, Problem and Solution Essay, Advantages and Disadvantages Essay, Two-part Questions Essay, and Multi-Part Essay.  

What is the minimum word count and time limit for the essay in IELTS task 2?

In the IELTS writing task 2, students are asked to write an essay of a minimum of 250 words in 40 minutes.

How to write examples in an IELTS essay?

In the IELTS Writing Task, it is vital to be able to extend ideas to support a student’s viewpoint about a topic. This can be done with supporting points and specific examples. Using examples gives the examiner a clear idea of how a candidate develops the essay's main idea. Stick to one idea in each .

paragraph and explain it with the topic. The main concept must be relevant and particular to the question asked.  

How many types of essays are in IELTS task 1?

The IELTS Writing Task 1 is different from the IELTS General test and IELTS Academic Test. In the general test, applicants are presented with a situation and asked to write a letter requesting information or explaining a situation.

In the academic test, candidates are presented with a graph, table, chart, or diagram and asked to describe, summarize or explain the information in their own words. In IELTS task 1, students are asked to write a report rather than an essay.

How to improve essay writing skills for IELTS?

Here are some tips to improve your essay writing skills for IELTS:-

• Use your time wisely
• Understand the task/prompt
• Organize your ideas logically
• Work on your grammatically range & lexical resource
• Analyze and learn from your mistakes

What is the format of writing task 2 in IELTS?

IELTS Writing Task 2 requires candidates to write an essay of at least 250 words in response to a point of view, argument, or problem. The essay should be well-organized, with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. It is important to address the task appropriately and provide clear, relevant arguments and examples, while completing the same within 40 minutes.

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Sunita Kadian, co-founder and Academic Head at Yuno Learning is an expert in IELTS and English communication. With a background in competitive exam preparation (IELTS, GMAT, CAT, TOEFL), interview prep, and corporate soft skills training, she has adapted these programs for the Yuno platform. Her dedication and commitment earned high praise from students, especially for her public speaking and advanced speaking English courses. Sunita's mastery of language nuances and articulation makes her a favorite among IELTS students. She holds a Postgraduate degree in English Literature, a B.Ed., and a Post Graduate Diploma in Public Relations.

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Your Guide to IELTS Band 7

IELTS Writing Task 2: Question Types

In this post, I’m going to explain the different types of question that you might be asked to answer in Task 2 of the IELTS Writing Test , and I’ll give you some   IELTS essay structures  that you can use to help you  plan your essay  better.

Knowing  how to answer each question correctly , and knowing  how to structure your essay  are essential if you want to get a Band 7+ in IELTS Writing Task 2. So read on…!

The Main Question Types

There are 5 main question types that appear in the IELTS Writing Test:

• Two-sided discussion
• Agree or disagree
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Problems and Solutions
• Direct questions

I’ll explain how you should respond to each of these question types.

Note that I talk about “IELTS question types”, not “IELTS essay types”. This is because there is really on ONE type of essay in Task 2 of the IELTS Writing Test: the discursive essay. In a discursive essay, you are asked to present and support your views on a particular issue. All IELTS essays ask you to do this. The question types are simply different ways to get you to do this.

The 4 Paragraph Structure

I will also suggest some simple structures for each of these question types. It’s important for your essay to have a clear paragraph structure , as this helps you to organise your ideas better, and means you will write a more coherent essay . I generally suggest a 4 paragraph structure :

• Paragraph 1: introduction
• Paragraph 2: body paragraph 1
• Paragraph 3: body paragraph 2
• Paragraph 4: conclusion

(A body paragraph is simply the paragraph where you present, explain and support your views.)

Using a 4 paragraph structure is a good idea, because you often have 2 things to discuss in an IELTS essay – e.g. two different views, or advantages AND disadvantages. A 2 paragraph structure helps you to discuss the 2 things equally , and you need to do this to get a Band 7 for Task Response.

These structures are only  guides . They are NOT rules. Many IELTS test takers think that they “have to” use a particular structure for a particular essay. This is not true. However, you DO need to have a clear structure to your essay if you want to get a high band score – these structures are simply ways to help you do this.

So let’s start by looking at the first of the five main IELTS question types:

1. Two Sided Discussion

In a two-sided discussion essay, you are presented with  2 different views on an issue . (These are not necessarily opposing views, just different ones.)

This question is worded like this:

“Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.”

For example:

Some people say History is one of the most important school subjects. Other people think that, in today’s world, subjects like Science and Technology are more important than History.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

(Cambridge IELTS Academic 13 Test 3)

This type of question also appears in the General Training Test:

Some people say that now we can see films on our phones or tablets there is no need to go to the cinema. Others say that to be fully enjoyed, films need to be seen in a cinema. 

(Cambridge IELTS General Training 13 Test 3)

What Does The Question Ask You To Do?

You need to do two things:

• Present the reasons for each view
• Present your own view

In other words, you are asked to provide a blend of objective discussion and personal opinion .

Let’s look at each of these in more detail.

Firstly , you need to present the REASONS for each view .

• WHY do some people say that History is one of the most important school subjects?
• WHY do some people think that Science and Technology are more important than History?
• WHY do some people say that there is no need to go to the cinema to watch films?
• WHY do some people say that you need to go to the cinema to fully enjoy films?

To get a high band score, you should present the reasons for each view objectively . In other words, you need to ‘put yourself in someone else’s shoes’ (or, rather, in their head!) Why do they take this view? What are the reasons for their view?

For example, why do some people think that History is one of the most important school subjects? I can think of a couple of reasons:

• it’s important to understand your country’s past
• it helps develops literacy skills

And why do some people think that subjects like Science and Technology are more important that History? Here are a couple of reasons:

• you develop skills that are important in getting a job
• it’s useful to have an understanding of science for daily life (e.g. health and electronics)

It’s important to understand that the 2 views given in an IELTS test question are going to be sensible, reasonable views . They won’t be crazy ones, such as  “some people think that playing computer games is one of the most important school subjects” or “ some people think that you should watch movies in the bathroom” ! So there WILL be good reasons for these views. You just need to think about and explain what they are.

Secondly , you need to present your OWN view . Your opinion. You need to say what YOU think

It’s a good idea to base this on your discussion of the 2 views. You could point out the weaknesses or limitations of the view you disagree with, or suggest which view is stronger .

e.g.  “While I agree that watching movies on mobile devices is very convenient, cinemas offer a much better experience overall because of the size of cinema screens and the quality of sound systems they have.”

In short, a ‘discuss both views and give your own opinion essay’ is a blend of objective discussion and personal opinion .

For more information, and how to make your position clear throughout your essay, read this lesson on how to answer an IELTS Discuss Both Views essay question .

In a 2 sided discussion, here’s the structure I would recommend:

• Paragraph 1: introduce essay
• Paragraph 2: present the reasons for the 1st view
• Paragraph 3: present the reasons for the 2nd view
• Paragraph 4: present your opinion

More Example Questions

Here are some more examples of Two Sided Discussion Essay Questions:

Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.

(Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Test 1)

Some people think that the teenage years are the happiest times of most people’s lives. Others think that adult life brings more happiness, in spite of greater responsibilities.

(Cambridge IELTS 9 GT Test B)

Some people believe that it is best to accept a bad situation, such as an unsatisfactory job or shortage of money. Others argue that it is better to try and improve such situations.

(Cambridge IELTS 14 Test 1)

2. Agree or Disagree

The next question type is the agree or disagree essay. In this question type, you are given an opinion, and you need to explain whether you agree with it or not.

This question is usually worded differently in the Academic and General Training tests.

In the Academic Test, the question is usually worded like this:

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

So for example:

Some people believe that nowadays we have too many choices. 

(Cambridge IELTS Academic 13 Test 2)

In the General Training Test, the typical wording is:

Do you agree or disagree? What is your opinion about this?

Here’s an example of a General Training test question:

Some people say that it is possible to tell a lot about a person’s culture and character from their choice of clothes. 

Do you agree or disagree?

(Cambridge IELTS General Training 11 Test 4)

In the Academic Test , you are asked to explain the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement. In other words, how much you agree or disagree with the statement .

In the General Training Test , you are asked to explain whether you agree or disagree with the statement .

However, while the wording is different between Academic and General Training, your task is pretty much the same. Say what you think about the statement .

A good 4 paragraph structure would look like this:

• Paragraph 1: introduce essay and briefly state your views
• Paragraph 2: give a 1st reason for your view
• Paragraph 3: give a 2nd reason for your view
• Paragraph 4: summarise your views.

(You could add a third reason for your view if you wanted – this would make it a 5 paragraph essay. But be careful! If you want a Band 7+ for Task Response, make sure you explain your reasons in detail. 2 reasons explained in detail is better than 3 reasons explained briefly.)

Here are some more example questions for the agree / disagree question type:

Some people say that in all levels of education, from primary schools to universities, too much time is spent on learning facts and not enough on learning practical skills. 

Do you agree or disagree? 

(Cambridge IELTS 11 General Training Test 2)

In some areas of the US, a ‘curfew’ is imposed, in which teenagers are not allowed to be out of doors after a particular time at night unless they are accompanied by an adult. 

What is your opinion about this?

(Cambridge IELTS General Training 13 Test 1)

Some people say that music is a good way of bringing people of different cultures and ages together. 

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 

(Cambridge IELTS Academic 14 Test 3)

3. Advantages and Disadvantages

The third question type is the advantages and disadvantages essay. In this kind of question, you will usually be given a statement about a development or a situation, and you will be asked to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of it.

This question type is usually worded differently for the Academic and General Training tests.

In the Academic Test , the question is usually worded like this:

Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

At the present time, the population of some countries includes a relatively large number of young adults, compared with the number of older people. 

Do the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages?

(Cambridge IELTS Academic 12 Test 6)

If you are doing the General Training Test , the wording is often like this:

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Some parents buy their children a large number of toys to play with. 

What are the advantages and disadvantages for the child of having a large number of toys?

(Cambridge IELTS 10 General Training Test B)

Different Words

Often, the words “advantages” and “disadvantages” are changed. The most common alternative wording is “benefits” (instead of “advantages”) and “drawbacks” (instead of “disadvantages”).  For example:

Today more and more tourists are visiting places where conditions are difficult, such as the Sahara desert or the Antarctic. 

What are the benefits and disadvantages for tourists who visit such places? 

(Cambridge IELTS General Training 12 Test 5)

You might also be asked “is this a positive or negative development?”

In recent years, many small local shops have closed because customers travel to large shopping centres or malls to do their shopping. 

Is this a positive or a negative development? 

(Cambridge IELTS General Training 12 Test 8)

Even though the words are different, the task remains the same, so when I refer to “advantages”, I’m also talking about “benefits” and “positive”, and when I refer to “disadvantages”, I’m also talking about “drawbacks” and “negatives”.

• Advantages = benefits, positives
• Disadvantages = drawbacks, negatives

What does the question ask you to do?

In the Academic test , you need to explain if you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages; in other words, whether the advantages are more important than the disadvantages. In the General Training Test , your task is more simple: you should discuss what you think are the advantages and the disadvantages .

Test takers have asked me if they must write more than one advantage and more than one disadvantage, because the plural form is used in the question. Read my answer in this blog post .

I suggest you use almost exactly the same structure, regardless of whether you are taking the Academic or General Training Test:

• Paragraph 2: discuss what you think are the advantages
• Paragraph 3: discuss what you think are the disadvantages
• Paragraph 4 (Ac): explain if you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages
• Paragraph 4 (GT): summarise your views

This structure is very similar to a ‘two sided discussion’ question, because you are essentially being asked to discuss 2 sides of the issue: the advantages and the disadvantages.

If you are doing the Academic test, your conclusion must address the “outweigh” part of the question. However, in a good response (Band 7+), your position should be hinted at during the body paragraphs, and even in the introduction.

If you “strongly” believe that there are only advantages to something, then in theory you could just discuss the advantages (i.e. the reasons for your view). However, IELTS advantages and disadvantages questions are usually on topics where a sensible person can see both advantages AND disadvantages. In other words, a response to an authentic IELTS essay that only discussed the advantages (or disadvantages) might be seen as unbalanced, and this could limit your band score for Task Response.

Here are some more example questions for advantages and disadvantages:

Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. 

Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? 

(Cambridge IELTS Academic 9 Test 1)

Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world.

Do you think this is a positive or negative development? 

(Cambridge IELTS Academic 10 Test 3)

4. Problems and Solutions

Another common question type is the problems and solutions question. You are given a statement about a problem , and you must respond by discussing the problem in more detail, along with some possible solutions to the problem.

These types of question can be worded in a variety of ways. Here are some common examples:

• What problems are associated with this and what are some possible solutions.
• What difficulties does this cause? What can we do to tackle this problem?

What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?

• Why is this the case? What can be done about this problem?

Here’s an example question:

Global warming is one of the biggest threats humans face in the 21st Century. 

What problems are associated with this and what are some possible solutions. 

In this essay, you are asked to discuss problems linked to global warming (e.g. melting ice caps) and then suggest some solutions.

But it’s very important to read these kinds of question very carefully. Look at this question:

In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing.

(Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Test 4)

This question is NOT asking you to discuss a problem; it’s asking you to discuss the CAUSES of the problem, as well as their solutions. This is why you must read problem-solution essay questions very carefully: in the question above, some test takers might discuss the problem (e.g. the problems experienced by overweight people), rather than the causes of the problems. This will limit their band score for Task Response to Band 5.

Here’s a simple structure for a problem / solution essay:

• Paragraph 2: discuss 2 problems
• Paragraph 3: discuss 2 solutions
• Paragraph 4: summarise your ideas.

Here is an alternative structure:

• Paragraph 2: discuss one problem and a solution to this problem
• Paragraph 3: discuss one problem and a solution to this problem

However, this structure is not always appropriate, so use it carefully! If your ideas are not closely related to the problem, it can cause problems with coherence. For example, one problem caused by global warming is melting icecaps; however, there is no direct solution to melting icecaps –  the solution often lies a long way from the polar ice caps .

In spite of the advances made in agriculture, many people around the world still go hungry.

Why is this the case?

What can be done about this problem?

(Cambridge IELTS Academic 13 Test 4)

In many countries, the amount of crime is increasing.

What do you think are the main causes of crime?

How can we deal with those causes?

(Cambridge IELTS 10 General Training Test 2)

Children today spend a lot of time on social media. 

What potential problems could this cause and how could they be addressed?

5. Direct Questions

Finally you may sometimes get a question which does not easily fit into one of the above categories. You will be presented with a statement, and you will be asked one or two questions about it. (Often these are called 2 part questions).

Here’s an example:

Many people have problems managing their money. 

What skills does a person need to manage their money well? 

Who should teach children these skills?

Sometimes, one or both of the questions will be similar to those I discussed above, such as problems, disadvantages or whether you agree or not.

Car ownership has increased so rapidly over the past thirty years that many cities in the world are now ‘one big traffic jam’.

How true do you think this statement is?

What measures can governments take to discourage people from using their cars?

(The Official Cambridge Guide To IELTS Test 3)

The first question is asking you if you agree and how much (“how true”), so it’s similar to a “to what extent do you agree” question. The second question is asking you about “measures”, in other words,  “solutions” to the problem of traffic jams in cities .

I would recommend a simple structure like this:

• Paragraph 1: introduce the essay
• Paragraph 2: discuss your answer to the 1st question
• Paragraph 3: discuss your answer to the 2nd question

Example Questions

More and more people today are moving from the countryside. 

Why is this happening? 

Do you think it is a positive or a negative development?

Today more people are travelling than ever before.

What are the benefits of travelling for the traveller?

Some people feel that schools should teach children how to become a good parent. 

Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 

What skills do people need to be a good parent?

So those are the 5 main question types:

• 2-sided discussion

But regardless of the question type, make sure you read the question carefully ! Make sure you understand exactly what the question wants you to do. If you don’t fully answer the question, you will only get a maximum score of Band 5 for Task Response.

I hope my explanations of how to answer these questions, and how to structure your essays, were clear and helpful. Please share if you think others will find it useful.

Good luck with the IELTS!

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About the author

Charlie is a former IELTS Examiner with 25 years' teaching experience all over the world. His courses, for both English language learners and teachers, have been taken by over 100,000 students in over 160 countries around the world.

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Discover the 7 STEPS to BAND 7 in IELTS Writing Task 2

How Many Types of Essays are there in IELTS Writing Task 2?

In the IELTS writing task 2, you are given an essay question which must be written in minimum 250 words and for this, you are given 40 minutes time. There are different types of essays asked in the IELTS writing task 2. Let us discuss the different types of IELTS essays in detail:

Discussion and Opinion Based Essay

This is one of the common IELTS writing task 2 essay questions. In this type of essay, you are required to discuss two opinions given in the question statement and also you have to give your personal opinion. For example,

Some people think that using animals for food and transportation should be completely banned. On the other hand, other people believe that using animals for meat and experiments is fair.

Discuss both the views and give your own opinion.  

Agree/Disagree Essay

Another type of IELTS writing task 2 essay is the one where you are given a statement and then you need to explain whether you agree or disagree on it. You can also partially agree and partially disagree on that statement. However, it is better to give strong and clear opinion. For example,

Crime rate has increased with the advancement of technology.

To what extent do you agree or disagree on this statement?

Do you agree or disagree on this view?

Two Parts Essay

In this IELTS writing task 2 essay type, you get question in two parts. There are two different parts of the question which you must answer. For example,

Many children have become habitual about excessively using mobile applications day and night.

Why do you think this is so?

What parents can do to avoid this situation declining further?

Compare and Contrast Essay

Another type of IELTS writing task 2 essay is the one where you are to make comparisons between two objects by listing out similarities and differences between the two. For example,

Some people prefer living in houses as compared to others who believe apartments are better than houses.

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of living in houses and apartments.

Problems and Solutions Essay

The other type of IELTS writing task 2 essay is the one where you are required to list out problems associated with a particular topic and then you need to suggest solutions to those problems. For example,

Traffic congestion has become one of the major issues in cities.

What are the problems people face due to traffic?

Discuss the possible solutions of overcoming it.

Causes (Reasons) and Solutions Essay

Another type of IELTS writing task 2 essay similar to problems and solutions essay is causes (reasons) and solutions essay which can be explained in three parts of causes, reasons and solutions or two parts of causes and solutions. For example,

Pollution has drastically increased with more and more people switching to personal vehicles.

What are the causes of pollution?

Discuss the solutions to overcome the problem of pollution.

Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

In this type of IELTS writing task 2 essay, you will be writing about advantages and disadvantages of something. You must answer both in order to meet the task requirement. For example,

Online payment is increasingly becoming the most preferred method of payment than cash or other payment methods.

What are the advantages of making online payment?

What are its disadvantages?

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