what is meant by presentation date

• Return to Main Site

888-890-7447

Passages The International Trade Blog

The hidden expiration date on every export letter of credit.

However, another date equal in importance is referred to as the last date for presentation. The presentation period—the window of time in which the exporter must present documents—is tied to the ship date as indicated in the original transport document.

Letter of Credit Presentation Period

A letter of credit includes terminology similar to “documents must be presented within 10 days after the bill of lading date but within the validity of the letter of credit.” For example, if the shipment took place on January 1, documents must be presented no later than January 11 or the expiration date if earlier. If the expiration date is January 5, documents must be presented by January 5, not the 11th.

Some letters of credit require a presentation period of seven days, some 15, etc. If the letter of credit does not state a presentation date, the exporter has 21 days according to UCP Article 14c. Exporters should be aware of this requirement and feel confident they can work within the stated time period. If not, they should request an amendment.

Why does a letter of credit include these time requirements? The importer stipulates them because a delay in presentation can create problems. When the goods arrive at the customs entry point, the importer needs the documents to clear the goods. If not cleared in a timely manner, the goods will go into storage and incur daily charges.

With a short presentation period, the importer can force the exporter to deliver the documents to the bank quickly. Once the documents enter banking channels, they will find their way to the importer in due time for customs clearance.

An alert exporter, however, must ask several key questions:

• How quickly after shipment can the documents be assembled and presented to the bank?
• Can unusual situations cause delays?
• Can the consular's signature be obtained (for a specific country) within the time limit?

Some consulates are located in distant cities and only sign documents once a week. If the appointed day for signing documents falls on a holiday, in either country involved in the transaction, then one more week must be added to the time frame. While 10, 15 or even 21 days may seem like adequate time, it can slip away quickly.

Like what you read?   Subscribe today   to the International Trade Blog to get the latest news and tips for exporters and importers delivered to your inbox.

This article was first published in December 2014 and has been updated to include current information, links and formatting.

About the Author: Roy Becker

Roy Becker was President of Roy Becker Seminars based in Centennial, Colorado. His company specialized in educating companies how to mitigate the financial risk of importing and exporting. Previous to starting the training company, Roy had over 30 years experience working in the international departments of several banks where he assisted many importers and exporters with the intricate banking needs associated with international trade.

Roy served as adjunct faculty in the International MBA programs at the University of Denver and University of Colorado in Denver. He conducted seminars at the World Trade Center Denver and The Center for Financial Training Western States, and was a guest lecturer at several Denver area Universities.

Roy retired in 2021.

Subscribe to the Newsletter

Trade Finance Guide: A Quick Reference for U.S. Exporters

Learn the fundamentals of trade finance so you can turn your export opportunities into actual sales. This concise, easy-to-understand ebook was designed to help small and medium-sized U.S. exporters learn the most effective ways to facilitate payments from foreign customers.

Subscribe to the Newsletter!

Join the 33,143 other exporters and importers who get the latest news, tips and insights from international trade professionals.

Dictionary of International Trade

Presentation date.

The date on which compliant documents were given to the issuing bank or any other institution permitted under a letter of credit.

Related entries

• T/T Telegraphic transfer
• Vostro account
• Usance draft

Search Terms

• Banking (206)
• Contracts & Law (190)
• Customs (130)
• Documentation (111)
• Economics (173)
• Insurance (54)
• Logistics (401)
• Marketing (139)

Practical Guide to Incoterms

• Contracts & Law
• Documentation
• International Contracts
• Chinese Contracts
• Country Guides
• Business Letters
• Trade Documents

What is Friday the 13th and why is it considered unlucky? Here's why some are superstitious

The calendar has flipped to September which means people are preparing for spooky season with Halloween decorations, bonfires and pumpkin-flavored everything.

While Halloween is a spooky day in its own right, many people also feel uneasy and unlucky on Friday the 13th. This year will see the date occur twice, in September and December. The next one after December won't occur until June 2025.

Fear and anxiety about the day may have been amplified by the slasher-movie series featuring Jason Voorhees, but where did the superstition originate? Here's what to know.

Why do some get ink on Friday the 13th? How the day became lucky for the tattoo industry

Why is Friday the 13th considered unlucky?

According to National Geographic Kids , the exact origins of when Friday the 13th became thought of as unlucky are unknown, however it "likely comes from the Christian religion."

"For example, in the Bible, Judas — a person who is said to have betrayed Jesus — was the 13th guest at the Last Supper. Also in the Bible, many unfortunate things happened on Fridays," according to National Geographic Kids.

Friday the 13th combines two taboos that come from the bible, according to Stevens. Based on the story of the Last Supper of Jesus, 13 people were seated at the table and it happened on a Thursday. He was arrested that evening, and crucified the next day, on a Friday.

"So 13 is associated with that terrible event. And Friday, the 13th you get a double whammy. You get both of these elements coming together: the taboo against 13, and the crucifixion, which was on a Friday," Stevens said.

Even though the taboo is tied to the Last Supper, Stevens said it didn't become widespread until 1,000 years after Jesus's story when more people became interested in the bible. Now he thinks the taboo is weakening as people embrace the number 13 more, and it is only a matter of time before it phases out.

Why 'magical thinking' is key in Friday the 13th superstitions

Dr. Phil Stevens, a retired anthropology professor  from the University at Buffalo and the author of a book titled "Rethinking the Anthropology of Magic and Witchcraft: Inherently Human", spoke with USA TODAY last year about the holiday and why it is an example of "magical thinking."

Stevens said that he likes to think of the superstition around Friday the 13th as an example of magical thinking. He says that magical thinking is when someone believes is there is a causal relationship between two things that are otherwise unrelated. For example, Friday and 13 together take on a different quality when they fall on the same day.

He also said he thinks of it as a taboo, as superstition has a negative connotation, even when someone uses it to describe their own belief.

"The word taboo actually is appropriate for this kind of a superstition. Because it's the it's the term that means avoiding establishing a magical connection. People can actively work magic to make things happen, recognizing the connections between things, but if the connections between things could cause an unfortunate result, then people avoid those connections." Stevens said at the time.

Some people look for positive connections between things. For example,  China kicked off the Olympics in 2008 at 8:08 p.m.  on the eight day of the eight month because the number is associated with good luck.

Another example is when someone has a good luck charm or assigns a higher value to an item after it has belonged to a celebrity, Stevens said.

Why is Friday the 13th associated with tattoos?

Friday the 13th is something of a Black Friday for tattoo shops.

Many shops run special promotions charging steeply discounted prices to get work done, often for a flat rate at or even under shop minimum (the minimum fee a shop will usually charge on a tattoo to cover the cost of the basic supplies and overhead).

The average hourly price most artists charge is between $100 to $200 plus, making these flash sales a great deal. While affordable predesigned flash tattoos and flash sales are not uncommon practices throughout the rest of the calendar year, Friday the 13th is the one day you can depend on finding a wealth of markdowns at multiple shops near you.

The modern model for Friday the 13th as a tattoo holiday is often credited back to co-owner of  Elm Street Tattoo in Dallas   Oliver Peck , who you may recognize from TV show "Ink Master" and his brief marriage to  Kat Von D  (he has since been remove from the show due to a  blackface controversy ).

Peck  previously told Vice  that he "definitely wasn't the first person to do it," saying he drew some inspiration from fellow artist Dave Lum's Halloween specials, but that he did "make it an event." He threw his first major Friday the 13th function in 1995 at the now-defunct Pair O' Dice in Dallas, a marathon session of tattooing the number "13" on as many people as possible in a 24-hour period.

His swing at creating his own tradition caught on, as he and his co-workers began hosting these 24-hour tattoathons each year, at one point winning a spot in  Guinness Book of World Records  for tattooing the number 13 on 415 people in 24 hours on Friday, June 13, 2008.

Gabe Hauari is a national trending news reporter at USA TODAY. You can follow him on X  @GabeHauari  or email him at [email protected].

• What is Letter of Credit

• Letter of Credit Basics
• How to Work With a Letter of Credit

Stale Documents

What is the meaning of stale documents under letter of credit rules? Understanding the relationships between the date of shipment, presentation period and expiry date.

Some letters of credit indicate that stale documents are not acceptable. In rare circumstances letters of credit may also indicate that stale documents are acceptable.

But what is a stale document? When does a document set turn into a stale document phase as per latest letter of credit rules?

Why an issuing bank adds a phrase when issuing an l/c stating that : “stale documents are not acceptable” or “stale documents are acceptable”.

Does ICC encourage or discourage to use the “Stale Documents” term in letters of credit?

Background:

Letters of credit terminology have 3 important definitions in regards to the dates.

These definitions are

• “Date of Shipment”,
• “Presentation Period” and
• “Expiry Date”.

If you want to understand “stale documents” definition, you should be familiar with these terms.

Let me start explaining these definitions with the date of shipment.

Date of Shipment

When a pre‐printed “Shipped on board” bill of lading is presented, its issuance date will be deemed to be the date of shipment unless it bears a separate dated on board notation.

In the latter event, such date will be deemed to be the date of shipment whether that date is before or after the issuance date of the bill of lading.

Do you know the differences between pre-printed shipped on board bill of lading and received for shipment bill of lading?

Most commercial letters of credit demand presentation of a transport document.

According to letter of credit rules Multimodal Bill of Lading , Bill of Lading , Non-Negotiable Bill of Lading , Charter Party Bill of Lading , Air Transport Document , Road Transport Document , Rail Transport Document and Courier Receipt, Post Receipt or Certificate of Posting are considered to be a transport document.

On the other hand documents such as Forwarder’s Certificate of Receipt , Forwarder’s Certificate of Transport , Delivery Note, and Delivery Order are not considered to be a transport document under the latest version of the letter of credit rules known as UCP 600.

We can talk about the “date of shipment” term only if the letter of credit requests a transport document. Otherwise date of shipment will not be applicable.

Presentation Period  

According to the letter of credit rules a presentation by or on behalf of the beneficiary must be made on or before the expiry date.

Additionally, UCP 600 states that a presentation including one or more original transport documents subject to articles 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25 must be made by or on behalf of the beneficiary not later than 21 calendar days after the date of shipment as described in these rules, but in any event not later than the expiry date of the credit.

These statements from the UCP 600 lead us to the definition of the presentation period.

The presentation period can be defined as a period of time which starts with the issuance of the letter of credit and ends either with the expiry date of the letter of credit or else with the expiry of the allowed period time commencing after the date of shipment in case presentation contains a transport document.

• Presentation Period of a Letter of Credit When No Transport Document Must be Presented

If letter of credit does not require a transport document presentation, then the documents can be presented by the beneficiary any time between the letter of credit issuance date and the expiry date.

• Presentation Period of a Letter of Credit When a Transport Document Must be Presented

If letter of credit requires a transport document presentation, then the documents must be presented by the beneficiary within a certain time frame after the date of shipment.

UCP 600 defines presentation period as 21 days.

As per UCP 600, a presentation including one or more original transport documents subject to articles 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25 must be made by or on behalf of the beneficiary not later than 21 calendar days after the date of shipment.

21 days period can be decreased or increased by the issuing banks.

Exporters must look at the “Field 48: Period for Presentation” in order to determine the exact presentation period under a specific letter of credit.

Presentation Period Examples Presentation Period Example 1: Field 48: Period for Presentation 21 DAYS AFTER SHIPMENT DATE BUT WITHIN LC VALIDITY. Presentation Period Example 2: Field 48: Period for Presentation 21 DAYS AFTER SHIPMENT DATE BUT WITHIN CREDIT VALIDITY. Presentation Period Example 3: Field 48: Period for Presentation DOCUMENTS MUST BE PRESENTED WITHIN 21 DAYS AFTER ISSUANCE OF THE TRANSPORT DOCUMENT BUT WITHIN THE VALIDITY OF THIS CREDIT Presentation Period Example 4: Field 48: Period for Presentation 21 DAYS FROM THE DATE OF BILLS OF LADING. Presentation Period Example 5: Field 48: Period for Presentation 21 DAYS. Presentation Period Example 6: Field 48: Period for Presentation DOCUMENTS TO BE PRESENTED WITHIN 21 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT, BUT WITHIN THE VALIDITY OF THE CREDIT

Expiry Date

Expiry Date is the latest date for presentation of documents for payment, acceptance, or negotiation under a letter of credit transaction.

Exporters must complete their presentations before the expiry dates. After the expiry date, the letter of credit will be perish.

The issuing bank will be relieved all of its responsibilities, if no presentation has been made until the expiry date. In case of partial shipments non-utilized portion of the letter of credit will be vanish after the date of expiry.

Stale Documents Definition and Meaning:

ISBP 745 states that “stale documents acceptable” phrase should not be used in a letter of credit, as they are not defined in UCP 600.

If, nevertheless, it is used, and its meaning is not defined in the letter of credit, it shall have the following meaning under international standard banking practice:

Stale Documents Acceptable:

If “stale documents acceptable” stated in a letter of credit, then documents may be presented later than 21 calendar days after the date of shipment as long as they are presented no later than the expiry date of the credit.

This will also apply when the credit specifies a period for presentation together with the condition ”stale documents acceptable”.

ICC’s above explanation reveals that “stale documents” term should be used in conjunction with the situations in which letter of credit requires the presentation of a transport document.

Stale Documents Not Acceptable:

In most cases “stale documents not acceptable” condition can be seen in the documentary credits.

But this condition has no effect and meaning in a “letter of credit” transaction as a result issuing banks should refrain to use it.

Case Study: Documents Refused Due to Stale Documents Letter of Credit Field 46A: Documents Required SIGNED COMMERCIAL INVOICE IN TWO ORIGINALS AND THREE COPIES INDICATING SEPARATELY FOB VALUE, FREIGHT CHARGES, INSURANCE PREMIUM AND TOTAL AMOUNT CIF JEDDAH. ORIGINAL INVOICE TO BE CERTIFIED BY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE FULL SET CLEAN ON BOARD BILLS OF LADING MADE OUT TO THE ORDER OF NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANK, JEDDAH MARKED FREIGHT PREPAID AND NOTIFY APPLICANT CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN ISSUED AND CERTIFIED BY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE STATING THE NAME OF THE MANUFACTURERS OR PRODUCERS AND THAT GOODS EXPORTED ARE WHOLLY OF DOMESTIC ORIGIN PACKING LIST IN TRIPLICATE SHOWING DETAILS OF PACKING. Field 47A: Additional Conditions STALE DOCUMENTS NOT ACCEPTABLE UNLESS AUTHORIZED BY US. Field 48: Period for Presentation DOCUMENTS MUST BE PRESENTED WITHIN 21 DAYS AFTER ISSUANCE OF THE TRANSPORT DOCUMENT BUT WITHIN THE VALIDITY OF THIS CREDIT Presentation and Refusal of Documents: Beneficiary presented the documents to the nominated bank on 23rd of August.2014. The bill of lading which was presented by the beneficiary had an on board date 01.August.2014. The issuing bank refused the documents based on stale documents discrepancy, because documents have not been presented within 21 days after bill of lading date.

EDITOR PICKS

Bangladesh letter of credit consultancy services, what is a draft letter of credit, letter of credit services for us exporters, popular posts, popular category.

• Letter of Credit Basics 76
• How to Work With a Letter of Credit 67
• Letter of Credit Documents 66
• Swift Messages 57
• Letter of Credit Discrepancies 49
• MT 700 Issue of a Documentary Credit 38
• Bill of Lading 31
• Logistics 25

Newspaper is your news, entertainment, music fashion website. We provide you with the latest breaking news and videos straight from the entertainment industry.

Contact us: [email protected]

© Newspaper WordPress Theme by TagDiv

Home Blog Business How to Make a Presentation: A Guide for Memorable Presentations

How to Make a Presentation: A Guide for Memorable Presentations

A presentation goes beyond the idea of crafting a catchy document to present in front of an audience. It is an art in which a person relies on communication skills to introduce a topic relevant to a group of people, regardless of its size. Different elements participate in this communication process, such as body language, presentation skills, visual tools, etc. and are key in delivering an effective presentation.

In this article, we shall present a detailed guide on how to make a presentation, intended both for newcomers in this subject but also for professional presenters who seek to improve the performance of their presentations. Let’s get started.

Table of Contents

What is a presentation?

What is a powerpoint presentation.

• The Importance of a good PowerPoint presentation
• Choosing a topic

Consider the audience & presentation goals

Gather data, references, and source.

• Define the storyline
• Define the outline  

Using one idea per slide

Choose the presentation format, colors & styles, determine the use of metaphors and visual slides, proofreading and polishing process, prepare your speech, rehearse, rehearse and rehearse.

• How to give a memorable presentation

Start strong

Hook your audience, close your presentation.

• Selecting a PowerPoint template
• Add or delete slides in PowerPoint
• Adding images to slide templates
• Adding notes to your slides
• Adding animations to your slides
• Adding transitions to your slides
• Adding audio narration to your slides
• Ideal typeface and size

Color scheme

Printing your powerpoint presentation, powerpoint presentations tips, closing thoughts.

What is a presentation, and what is a PowerPoint presentation?

It is essential to highlight the difference between Presentation and PowerPoint Presentation, often interchangeable terms. One thing is a presentation, an audiovisual form of communication to present information. A PowerPoint presentation is a subset of a presentation. Since PowerPoint remains the leading tool in the market for creating presentations, the term was coined by both spectators and presenters. Let’s begin by checking the main differences between the two terms.

A presentation is any situation in which a person or group has to transmit a message in front of an audience. The format by which the audience attends can answer the following categories:

• Live crowd: A presentation in which the average number of spectators exceeds 100 people. 
• Massive event: Similar to the format above, but we speak about thousands of spectators. This format has specific requirements regarding scenario setup and logistics, and the usual presenters are influencers in worldwide conferences or corporate events (like All-Hands meetings).
• Private event: A selected number of attendants can listen to the presenter. Coaching sessions are the leading kind of private event for presenters, but multiple other categories can fit into this format.
• Online event: Following the trends of remote working and what the pandemic has left us in terms of digital immersion, multiple events shifted their large attendance numbers in favor of online settings. This has the advantage of a narrowed setting, as the area in which the presenter has to stand is considerably reduced – with simpler A/V inputs. Attendees are given a link to the event and watch from their computers or mobile devices.
• Offline event: This medium is what we consume via YouTube videos. Behind each and every YouTube video is countless hours of content development, editing, rehearsing a presentation, and so forth. We call it offline because attendees can browse the content at any time, replaying as desired, unlike Online Events in which the attendees must be logged in to a specific platform. No interaction with the presenter.
• Hybrid event: This is a format coined by large tech companies, the automobile industry, and even fashion brands. The idea is to create an event where a selected number of attendees are allowed to participate (using the Private Event model). Still, at the same time, the event is streamed for users worldwide (Online Event) and/or available on the official social media networks of the brand (Offline Event).

Each one of these formats exposed above has specific requirements in terms of interaction with the audience. For example, in-company presentations will differ from common presentations that seek to capture the interest of new consumers. It is vital to establish the presentation’s intent from the very first moment and then narrow it down according to the topic to present, as well as the knowledge level of your target audience.

A presentation does not necessarily requires to create a slide deck . It is a tool presenters use to make the content more interesting for the audience and also memorable. However, it is well-known that influencer speakers such as Tony Robbins or Warren Buffet ignore PPT documents altogether, preferring to articulate their narrative on the go.

A PowerPoint presentation is a specific type of presentation, which involves the usage of a slide deck crafted with Microsoft PowerPoint. This kind of tool allows presenters to communicate a message through a vast range of mediums, such as images, graphs & charts, audio, and video for a better impact.

Creating a PowerPoint presentation is an easy process, and there are two routes for it: working from a blank slide or using PowerPoint templates .

Some of the advantages of building a PowerPoint presentation:

• Better information retention by the audience, thanks to visual cues.
• Improves the audience’s focus.
• Easy to create powerful graphics.
• Templates are editable, meaning you can repurpose the original designs to meet your standards.
• Saves time to create presentations thanks to its user-friendly UI.
• Encourages teaching and learning processes.

The Importance of a Good PowerPoint presentation

There are some elements that presenters must take into account when making a PowerPoint presentation . It’s not just drag-and-drop, then magic happens. Creating a PowerPoint presentation involves a process of generating the graphic content to display and the narrative around it. The purpose of PowerPoint is to serve as a tool to enhance communication, not to make it overly complex.

We emphasize the relevance of working the speech and graphic content together since the speech itself gives the timeframes for each slide, what elements it contains, or whether it is relevant to use a slide or not to speak about a topic. 

Some points to highlight when preparing a presentation:

• Presenters often use the element of surprise. This means a presentation can start without a slide, use a video, or involve a discussion between two parties, then jump to the slide deck presentation. More on this topic later on.
• A good PowerPoint presentation can be your introduction card in multiple professional settings. The effort you put in terms of design and content shall pay back over time in contacts or business deals.
• Having a spare copy of your presentation, preferably in Google Slides presentation format, is a safe-proof technique in case the PPT file gets corrupted. The aesthetic remains the same and can be browsed by any computer with internet access.

How to Make a Presentation (5 Essential Points)

1. planning your presentation.

The first step in making a presentation is to plan the content according to our personal/business goals and the audience’s interest. Let’s break down each part in more detail.

Choosing the topic of your presentation

There are two situations for this. The first one is that you are open to presenting any topic of your preference. This usually happens in business presentations, inspirational presentations, product releases, etc. The second scenario is restricted, by which you have to pick a topic among a selected number of references. That’s the typical situation in which presenters see themselves when taking part in significant events – as not all topics are suitable for the main content of the event, and this is where creativity comes to play.

How to choose a topic, you may ask. Brainstorming is a good technique as long as you remain within the boundaries of this formula:

What you know and feel confident about + What is relevant to the current moment + What can resonate with your audience = Quality Content.

Again, if you experience restrictions due to the nature of an event, but your objective is to share specific information about your business, here are some tactics that can come to play:

• Do keyword research about the topics your business is involved. See the common patterns in your activity compared with the keywords. Then research the 15 articles on the 5 biggest volume keywords. Narrowing the possibilities in your business is a different take.
• Research whether there’s room for sponsored advertisement. That’s an alternative when directly speaking about your business is a no-no in a presentation.
• Turn your presentation into an inspirational story. That works in most events and brings the audience’s interest.

Another vital point to consider is how passionate you can be about the topic of your choice. Nothing speaks more about professionalism than a presenter being deeply involved with the topic in discussion. It sparks curiosity and gives validation as a reliable authority on the content. On the other hand, when a presenter delivers a talk about a topic they don’t connect with, body language usually betrays the presenter. Spectators feel that the speaker wished to be elsewhere, hence dooming the presentation’s performance (and badly impacting the presenter’s reputation).

Consider the purpose of the content to present. Is it going to be informative? Educational? Inspirational? That shall set the tone of your speech later on.

Like with any project, you can estimate the ROI of your presentation with two verifiable metrics: the behavior of the audience and how many contacts did you build after delivering an effective presentation.

Making a presentation has the implicit purpose of helping you construct your network of professional contacts. Even when the presentation has no explicit financial purpose – as in the case of non-profitable organizations, there is still the acknowledgment component. People want to feel validated for the work they do. People want to build long-lasting contacts that can later on turn to be part of a new project.

Considering the audience is imperative, and often one of the pitfalls many presenters fall prey to. You must be aware of the following:

• The knowledgeability of your audience about the topic to discuss. This filters the option of using technical jargon during a presentation.
• The age range and demographics of your audience. It is not the same to discuss a methodology to reduce financial risk to a group of corporate workers in their 40s than to a group of students in their early 20s. The language is different, the intention behind the message is different, and so is the information retention span.

On regards to presentation goals, they can be classified as professional goals (those who seek conversions or valuable business contacts), influential (to establish a brand in the market), educational (to inform a group of people about a topic you researched), etc. Depending on the presentation goals, you can then structure the content to list and the tone in which you speak to your audience.

2. Preparing content for your presentation

No presentation can be made without reference material. Even when you believe you are the most prominent authority about a topic – you have to prove it with valuable, referenceable material. For some niches, this is critical, such as scientific poster presentations, educational presentations, and other areas in which copyright might be an issue.

References for the material you used can be listed in different formats:

• If you are citing a book/article, you can do a bibliography slide, or screenshot the excerpt you want to cite, then include a proper source format below the image.
• You have to credit the author for images/videos that are subject to intellectual property rights. Depending on the context where the image is presented, you may even have to inquire the author about using the image. If the photo in question is yours, no citation is required. Learn more about how to cite pictures in PowerPoint .
• Graphs and charts should include a reference to what they mean, explaining in a short sentence their context. Cite the source if the graph is extracted from a book or article.

As a tip, prepare a document in which you jot down the references used to create the presentation. They can serve whenever a question is asked about your presentation and you must research extra material. 

Define the presentation storyline

We interpret the storyline as what is the connecting thread of your presentation. What do you wish to discuss? What motivated you to present this topic in this particular setting and in front of an audience? What can your message deliver in terms of new information and quality to your spectators?

All those questions are worth asking since they shape the narrative you build around your presentation. The storyline is the step before building an actual outline of your presentation.

Define the presentation outline

Now that you have a clear idea of your reference material and the story to tell behind your presentation , it is time to list down your presentation structure in a Table of Contents format. Keep in mind this is for internal reference, as the outline is a tool for writing the speech and creating the slides. You don’t have to list the outline in a presentation; if you desire, you can do a simplistic version with an agenda slide.

Be specific. Don’t let any topic be broad enough to lead to confusion. Sometimes, it is best to list many elements in a presentation outline, then trim them down in a second iteration.

This is perhaps the biggest mistake presenters make in the professional context when creating a new presentation. Slides are free; you don’t have to jam everything in, wishing people get an instant idea about EVERYTHING you will discuss in one slide. Not only does it become overwhelming for the audience, but it is also a faux pas in terms of design: when you use too many elements, the hierarchy does not seem clear enough.

Opt for the “one-idea-per-slide” technique, which, as the term refers, implies using one slide per concept to introduce. Work with as many slides as required, but just one main idea by slide. Your presentation becomes clearer, easy to digest for a non-knowledgeable audience, and also serves as reference material on how to pace your presentation.

3. Designing your presentation

The following section contains guidelines about the different aspects that shape a presentation structure . If you are looking for an all-in-one solution that implements these teachings into presentation design, try SlideModel’s AI Presentation Maker . A time-saver AI-generation tool for presenters powered by Artificial Intelligence.

Event organizers have a saying in the presentation format, which can be online or a live event. Depending on which, users have to structure the elements of their presentation to match the final output. An example of this: it’s not the same to create a PPT slide deck for an event in which you stand on a stage, in front of a live audience, than when you present via Zoom call, using your computer screen to cast the presentation. 

The format is different because text usage and images are perceived differently. For starters, an online presentation is most likely to draw users to read the entire content of your slides than a live presentation. The audience may not get your body language in an online presentation, merely watching slide after slide with the presenter’s voiceover. In some conditions, it can be incredibly dull and hard to follow. 

Do your research with the event organizers about which format shall be used. When it comes to in-company presentations or educational presentations, the format is usually live, as the audience is selected and part of the same organization (that being a company or a school/university). If a webinar is required for an in-company format, ask the organizers about the length of the presentation, if it is possible to interact with the audience, deliverable requirements, etc.

The aspect ratio for a presentation format usually follows the 16:9 format or 4:3 format. Presentations built in 16:9 aspect ratio are the standard , rectangular format PPT templates, which also serve to be printed without many distortions in regular A4 files. As we work with a rectangular format, there are two axes – horizontal and vertical, in which presenters can arrange the content according to its importance (building a hierarchy). Working with a 4:3 format is more challenging as it resembles a square. Remember, in a square there are no visible tensions, so all areas have the same importance. 

As a recommendation, the 4:3 aspect ratio is a safe bet for all projectors & beamers. When working with a 16:9 slide and the projector is 4:3, the content gets squeezed to fit the required ratio, and for that very reason, it is advised to increase the font size if you use a 16:9 slide on a 4:3 projector. Be mindful about logos or photographs getting distorted when this conversion happens.

The 16:9 ratio looks more visually appealing these days as we get used to TVs and mobile devices for browsing content. New projectors are usually intended for 16:9 format, so you won’t experience any inconvenience in this regard.

No, not every color works harmonically with other colors. Colors have a psychology behind their usage and impact, and to not make this guide extensive, we highly recommend you visit our article on color theory for presentations . You can find suggestions about which colors you should use for different kinds of messages to deliver and what each color represents in terms of color psychology.

The color you use in your presentations must be in accordance with your branding. For example: you should definitely not build a presentation with a bright, bold magenta neon tone when your logo contains green neon-like hues. If you work with a PPT presentation template that doesn’t match the color of your branding, we recommend you check our guide on how to change color themes in PowerPoint .

Regarding typefaces, do never use more than 3 different typefaces per design. It is best to stick to 1 or 2 typefaces, using the variations each font offers in terms of weight.

An example of this:

You create the heading title (H1 size) with Open Sans bold. Subtitles should be done in H2 size using Open Sans regular. Body text in paragraph size, using either Open Sans Regular or Light. Words to emphasize shall be bolded for important terms and italics for foreign terms to be explained.

Use a cohesive color scheme that fits the background, graphics (such as charts and bar graphs), text, and even images. It helps the audience to understand concepts more naturally and gives a pleasant experience to the sight.

Just as badly a slide deck filled with text is felt by the audience, the exact impact can be attributed to a slide deck that only contains images. The audience may feel disconnected, not understanding the purpose of the presentation. A second side-effect is when the spectators wish to browse the slides to study, as in the context of an educational presentation. If the presenter does not include any text guidance, the slide deck is a mere collection of images without any reference that helps remember the presentation.

Work in balance, like a 3:1 ratio between graphic elements and text. For every 3 graphic elements, a text box must be included.

Using metaphors in presentations is a great idea to introduce complex topics or to tell a story. Say, you want to make the audience aware of your company’s challenges to reach its current standing in the industry. Using a roadmap template that depicts a mountain is an excellent idea as it reinforces the ideas of “challenge” and “teamwork.” 

4. Final touches and polishing your presentation

Before giving any presentation, you should dedicate at least one day to this polishing process. Let’s break down the process for easier understanding.

• Do a first iteration of your slides. The objective here is to grasp how everything looks in terms of design. Check the alignment of images and text, any color inconsistencies, typos, etc.
• Rehearse your presentation one time, tracking how much time it takes to perform the presentation.
• If any information is missing that’s worth adding to the slides, proceed to add it. If there are elements that can be reduced, trim them.
• For time-restricted presentations, get a clear idea about how much time it takes to complete your presentation, plus 5 extra minutes for a Q&A session.
• The second iteration should check the tone of your writing, and double-proof any spelling, punctuation and grammar errors. 

After two complete iterations, your presentation is ready to go to the next stage.

Even though we believe the speech is partially built as you prepare your presentation slides, you should dedicate an extra section of time to prepare your speech correctly. This process involves the following steps:

• Identifying the purpose of your presentation. The core element of why you are speaking to this audience.
• Get to know your audience, their interests, their challenges, and what can they possibly wish to overcome.
• Adding value. This is vital – your presentation has to leave a lasting message to your audience on what they are interested.
• A strong start and a strong finish. Don’t neglect any of these elements.

Writing down your speech in notes is a must. It is the tool you can use to rehearse your presentation, and -in case you feel anxious- you can include some speaker notes in your presentation (which won’t be visible to your audience) to help you structure the speech.

Practice makes perfect. Rehearsing does not imply memorizing the entire presentation, as that would make your speech robotic, and prone to errors. How? Imagine a person asking you a question in the middle of your presentation, a question you didn’t expect. A prepared presenter can easily manage the situation because of the background built around the topic. A presenter that memorized a speech and robotically repeated its content can feel unease, losing focus for the remainder of the presentation.

Some valuable tips on the rehearsing process:

• Record your rehearsing sessions. You can use tools like Presenter View in PowerPoint to track your time. 
• Make it a memorable event. Creating an engaging presentation requires creativity, so consider brainstorming for new takes on adding exciting elements to your presentation for attention retention.
• An exercise recommended by Tim Ferris is to mimic the conditions as closely as possible. This helps to reduce presentation anxiety, and also to get used to cameras and spotlights or evaluate your body language.
• If possible, ask a friend for feedback on your presentation performance. This is particularly helpful for new presenters to get used to interacting with the audience.

5. Presenting (your presentation)

Now it’s time to talk about the presentation and your performance when delivering it in front of an audience. Giving a presentation has many aspects to discuss, from start to end, the techniques to keep your audience interested in the topic, and also recommendations to make a memorable event. Let’s get started.

How to give a Memorable Presentation – Delivering an Impactful Presentation

There are multiple methods to approach a presentation and deliver an impactful presentation. Let’s be honest, not everyone feels comfortable when standing in front of an audience. For that reason, we want to lay out some fresh ideas to help you bring your best to your spectators.

The first element you ought to be aware of is body language . It has to feel natural, not overly acted but also not stiff. Think of a presentation as a similar scenario in which you have a deep conversation with a group of people about a topic you are passionate about. That mindset helps to ease anxiety out of the equation. Avoid crossing arms or constantly pacing across the stage – that only shows impatience and lack of interest.

Keep the concepts simple. Don’t overload your presentation with unnecessary jargon; if you feel something cannot be easily explained, go break down concept by concept until the whole idea is understandable. Graphics are a fantastic asset to help you in this process and boost your performance as a presenter. 

Be mindful of not doing any of these common pitfalls:

• Including large chunks of text on a single slide.
• Using intense background colors that make it difficult to understand the contents of the slide.
• Don’t read every single element in your slides – this is perceived as boring by your audience.

One particularly interesting approach is by Guy Kawasaki, author of the book “The Art of the Start.” He considers the best presentations to be handled using 10 slides, lasting no longer than 20 minutes, and using a 30pt font size. That’s known as the 10-20-30 rule in presentations . It helps you to condense the content for the sake of information clarity.

In case you don’t use a PowerPoint presentation, there are multiple ways to make a presentation memorable:

• Tell a story, but connect with your audience in terms of body language. Play with the elements on the stage (much like TED presenters do), and let the audience feel the experience of your story by being as detailed as possible within the time frame.
• Using a video is an incredibly engaging tool, as it lets you introduce a topic you will discuss in more detail later.
• Use a visual impact in the form of an image with a dramatic element (i.e., climate change consequences, technological advancements, children engaging with technology or studying, etc.). This allows to hook the audience into what’s due to come next.

Knowing how to start a presentation is a critical skill all presenters ought to master. There are several approaches for this behalf, but for the sake of this guide, let’s stick to the following ones.

Using the Link-Back formula

This consists of throwing a story in front of your audience that explains who you are, what your background is, and why your speech should make a difference in the life of the spectators.

The Link-Back formula is beneficial for creating an emotional connection with the audience.

Using a Hook

Asking a rhetorical question, using a powerful fact, or other well-known hook techniques is a plus when starting a presentation. We shall talk about hook techniques for presenters in the next section.

Using a captivating visual

Much like the power of storytelling , visuals impact the audience’s psyche, especially if the presentation is about a trendy topic. Create a quality graphic with any of our designs at SlideModel, a graphic designer’s help, an AI Image Generator, or work with a video.

A hook is a tactic used by presenters as an opening statement but can be used in different areas of the presentation if it has an ample length. Much like the metaphor suggests, they serve to attract the audience to what you are communicating.

Research on attention span during lectures suggests a gradual decline in the audience’s interest in the presentation. That’s exponentially increased if you miss the chance to give a powerful first impression. Check this list of hook techniques to enhance the performance of your presentation skills:

• Asking rhetorical questions – better if a series of them on the topic to discuss.
• Using catchy phrases.
• Using a contrarian position, explain why such thinking harms the topic you wish to introduce.
• Historical event referencing.
• Making a powerful statement, best if data related. (i.e., “Every year, 8 million tons of plastic gets into the ocean, which equals to a truckload being dumped every minute” )
• Using the word “imagine”. It’s one of the powerful words in you can use in presentations .
• Add the comedy element – NB: be careful not to overdo it.
• Apply a “what if” scenario – this hook is similar to the “imagine” but with more data added.
• Tell a story.
• Spark curiosity.
• Smartly use quotations. Do not stick to text-book quotations but give your insight on why the quote is relevant for your speech.

Photo 9: Slide using a hook

Most people assume that ending a presentation equals doing a recap. It is a bad idea since your audience feels as if you haven’t planned a conclusion for your presentation. 

Another bad practice is to end with a Q&A format. Although questions and answers are often a required part of any presentation, they shouldn’t be the end of your presentation. You can include questions during your presentation or opt for a proper closure of the presentation past the Q&A session.

There are some powerful strategies to give a memorable ending to a presentation:

• Include a CTA on the lines like “Join our journey!” or similar that make the audience part of a bigger story.
• Close using a relevant quote. The idea is to deliver something that can linger, so the audience remembers your content.
• Use a story to close your presentation, as long as you avoid using a case study. The idea is to close with a meaningful thought, not with boredom.

We recommend you check our article on how to end a presentation for more ideas before reaching this stage of your presentation.

How to Make a PowerPoint Presentation (Quick Steps)

In this section, we will see how to use PowerPoint to make a presentation . Starting from creating a blank presentation or choosing a pre-defined PowerPoint template to preparing the presentation structure by adding PowerPoint slides and then working on the design of the presentation, we will explain how to make a visually-appealing and eye-catching PowerPoint presentation and how to create a slideshow in PowerPoint.

1. Selecting a PowerPoint template

When making a PowerPoint presentation, Professional PowerPoint Templates bring the advantage of not needing to think about complex graphic design decisions. However, there are certain aspects worth considering prior to picking the perfect PowerPoint template.

• Color aesthetic : If your presentation has to be done quickly, stick to PowerPoint templates that resemble your company’s branding palette. Although color can be changed, it is best not to lose time with extra adjustments.
• Opt for minimalistic designs : It is one of the most suitable ways to remain elegant in the professional world. You won’t be signaled for using a template that speaks seriousness on its design – and take for granted everyone shall badly remember the presentation that overdid color or graphics (or even worse, typeface effects).
• Avoid using heavy transition effects : Not all computers are as powerful as the ones you own. The simpler you make your presentation, the best it shall play on any PC.

As in life, there are advantages and disadvantages of using Premium or Free PowerPoint Templates vs. starting from a blank slate.

Advantages of PowerPoint templates when making a presentation

• Speed up the presentation design process.
• Reusable designs, ready for any situation.
• Helps to present data in an understandable format.
• Complex design decisions are made for users.
• Color pairing and font pairing are done for users.
• Helps to reduce the usage of text in slides.

Disadvantages of PowerPoint templates

• We are not learning to use advanced PowerPoint tools, as designs come pre-made for users.
• It can hinder creativity.
• Not every presentation template for PowerPoint is suitable for any topic.
• A professional team of PowerPoint template designers must be behind those templates to ensure quality.

2. Add or delete slides in PowerPoint

When we create PowerPoint Design ideas , not every slide makes the cut for the final presentation. Users then feel overwhelmed about those slides: will they be visible in the final presentation? Should you make a new PPT file without those extra templates? How to clone the “good” slides into a new file?

Instead of worrying about that process, we have here a guide on how to add, delete and rearrange slides in PowerPoint that explains, step by step, how to get rid of the unwanted slides or add more content to your presentation.

3. Adding images to slide templates

Some presentation templates and slide decks include entirely editable placeholder areas, and those boxes do not imply text only – they can include images, graphs, videos, etc. Say you want to add more images to your slides – it is as easy as replicating one of those placeholder areas with CTRL+C / CTRL+V (CMD for Mac users) or going to Insert on the Ribbon’s menu, then Picture . 

If you plan to move elements in your slide design, we recommend you get familiarized with how to lock an image in PowerPoint , so the images that shouldn’t be altered remain in position. This technique is ideal when your images are surrounded by plenty of editable graphics.

4. Adding notes to your slides

Presenters often struggle to remember key pieces of information due to performance anxiety or because they were moved from focus by an unexpected question. Using speaker notes in PowerPoint is the answer to prevent becoming stuck, since those notes won’t be available to the viewers – they remain visible only on the computer where the presentation is being streamed.

Keep in mind this technique works when the presenter is sitting next to the computer. If you have to stand in front of a crowd, opt to use different memory-recalling techniques when you feel out of focus.

5. Adding animations to your slides

Another technique presenters use adding animated objects or effects. This is as easy as following these steps:

• Select the object/text you desire to animate.
• Go to Animations in the Ribbon and select Add Animation .
• You can stack animations on a simple object to make unique effects.

Using animated presentation templates is an alternative when you don’t feel confident about adding animations. 

6. Adding transitions to your slides

Transitions are animated effects that happen when you change between slides during a presentation. Some people love them, while others prefer to stay away from them. 

If you want to add transitions to your slides, follow these steps:

• Select the slide you want to add the transition effect.
• Go to Transitions in the Ribbon, and choose a transition.
• If the transition allows the Effect Options menu, you can alter that transition’s direction and behavior.
• Click on Preview to visualize the effect.
• To remove a transition, select Transitions > None .

7. Adding audio narration to your slides

Sometimes, presenters opt to add audio narrations to the slides. The advantage of using this medium is to increase accessibility for visually impaired users. We created a guide on how to add audio narrations in PowerPoint that explains the procedure in detail.

Considerations for your PowerPoint presentation

Ideal typeface and font size.

There are multiple opinions on which typeface is ideal for presentations. Experience tells us the ideal typeface to work with is one that is system-available, meaning you don’t have to install a new font in the computer used to present. Why? You may ask. Simple: If the font used is not available on a computer, PowerPoint will automatically render a different font (sometimes even a different typeface) to replace and display the text appropriately. That action, which is replicated by other software such as Google Slides, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Apple Keynote, etc., can drastically change your design. 

Font size for titles should be between 36-44 pt. Paragraph font size between 24-28 pt. Use bold to emphasize concepts, and italics to insert foreign terms or quotations. Alternatively, you can make quotations to be displayed on a single slide, using 36 pt size, in italics.

Remember, these recommendations about size are intended for presentations in a live format. If the presentation is streamed through Zoom, using screen sharing, reduce the font size by 10-15% to avoid incredibly large texts. Test your presentation beforehand to be on the safe side.

The color scheme used is a primary part of your presentation design. When defining the presentation color palette , we recommend working within the colors that make part of your branding scheme. 

If we speak about a personal presentation or a presentation with no logo, then opt for pastel tones that don’t create harsh contrast between text and background.

Above all things, avoid these conflictive color combinations:

• Yellow and green
• Brown and orange
• Red and green
• Neon colors combined
• Purple and yellow
• Red and purple
• Black and navy
• Navy and red (unless you use a muted red tone or control the amount of red used)

Sometimes, printables are a requirement by event organizers, which represents a challenge to many presenters. We want to give a helping hand on this behalf, offering tips that can improve your printing experience:

• Always work within margins when adding content. It helps not to downsize the presentation, which often renders the text illegible. 
• If you have to print a presentation that uses intense background colors, opt for laser printing instead of inkjet. Laser printing won’t make the paper look odd when it is full-color print. The extra price is worth it when presenting a quality product.
• On the same lines about color-heavy presentations, ask for thicker printer paper than the average. This option is often advised when opting for laser printing.
• Run a print proof before ordering a large printing order. Colors can significantly change due to the RGB to CMYK conversion.

In this section, we want to list valuable tips to power up your presentations for their best performance. Some of these tips are tailored to presentation skills, others to design ideas, but ultimately, you can take in mind these tips the next time you need to make a powerful presentation in PowerPoint.

Tip #1. Using Video Presentations

An alternative to conventional presentations is to work with video presentations . These are particularly useful in academic and educational environments since they can convey large chunks of information in a memorable, easy-to-digest format. 

If we consider that social media platforms like YouTube and TikTok are transitioning into professional content for creatives, you should consider using video presentations when the situation arises. As a plus, you can repurpose that presentation on your website or other official social media channels for your company.

Tip #2. Drop Shadows and Text Shadows

When we intend to create interesting contrasts between elements, color isn’t the only option to try. Learn how to work with drop shadows in PowerPoint to make images and objects stand out from the presentation. It is an effect that boosts a tri-dimensional feeling in the presentation.

Using text shadows in PowerPoint – with extreme caution – is an excellent method to highlight titles instead of using fancy colors or other 3D effects. Do not overdo the text shadow, as it makes the text illegible. 

Tip #3. Working on your Presentation Skills

Giving presentations in front of an audience is, as we have seen, a process that involves many factors. One of those is the human element and the speaker’s ability to resonate with the audience. Therefore, we advise presenters to work on their presentation skills early, especially for mastering different kinds of presentation approaches, such as persuasive presentations (used in sales).

Tip #4. Editing Background Graphics in PowerPoint

Sometimes, PPT presentation templates include quality backgrounds that make the design pop from the screen. Yet, some of those backgrounds may not be suitable for all brands in terms of color, textures, etc.

Learn today how to edit background graphics in PowerPoint and create outstanding presentations in just minutes.

Tip #5. Google Slides compatibility

Finally, we want to remind users that almost every PowerPoint template has compatibility with Google Slides – if you intend to upload the presentation into the Cloud. Google Slides is an online tool for creating slideshow presentations, and one of its features is that we can convert PowerPoint presentations into Google Slides format. The converted slides are entirely editable, allowing presenters to count with a backup plan in case the PPT file doesn’t work or the computer to use doesn’t count with PowerPoint.

This is not an exhaustive list of presentation tips, but they offer a starting point for those who want to create attractive and effective PowerPoint presentations. You can also create presentations in other ways, and leveraging AI, for example. Check out the article how to create a PowerPoint presentation with ChatGPT to learn how to use Large Language Models to prepare presentations.

As we have seen, making a presentation is a complex process involving different skills, from knowing how to deliver a speech to having essential graphic design criteria. 

While it is true that PowerPoint presentation templates make the process far more manageable, we shouldn’t entirely rely on them. A PowerPoint presentation isn’t a presentation on its own. It is a medium by which presenters showcase their ideas and structure the speech, but one cannot live without the other.

We hope this guide can give you a better understanding of how to create a successful presentation. See you next time!

Like this article? Please share

Business Presentations, Presentation, Presentation Approaches Filed under Business , Presentation Ideas

Related Articles

Filed under Design • September 11th, 2024

8 Best Canva Alternatives for Presentations in 2024

Don’t feel restricted about what one application can do for presentation design. Meet a list of the best Canva alternatives in this article.

Filed under Design • August 14th, 2024

Creating Custom Themes for PowerPoint and Google Slides

Do you want your slides to go beyond the average result from a template? If so, learn how to create custom themes for presentations with this guide.

Filed under Business • August 8th, 2024

How to Create Engaging and Persuasive Proposal Presentations

Secure your business deals and build your brand’s reputation by mastering the art of proposal presentations. Tips and recommended PPT templates included.

Leave a Reply

Sentence examples for date of presentation from inspiring English sources

Login and get your AI feedback from Ludwig. Login and get your AI feedback from Ludwig.

Is your sentence correct in English?

Login and get your AI feedback from Ludwig.

Precedence within each class is fixed by the date of presentation of credentials; otherwise, there is no real distinction between them.

The Final Act of Vienna of 1815, as amended at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) in 1818, established four classes of heads of diplomatic missions precedence within each class being determined by the date of presentation of credentials and a system for signing treaties in French alphabetical order by country name.

Visual acuity in the worse eye on the date of presentation ranged between 1.54 and 0 log minimum angle of resolution (MAR) (mean, 0.34 logMAR, Table 1).

If the identified publication was published less than five years after the date of presentation , this publication was recorded and its information was abstracted.

Half of the patients had an improvement of visual acuity in the worse eye (mean final visual acuity, 0.17 logMAR) compared to the date of presentation (mean, 0.64 logMar).

This data consists of date of presentation and the age of patient.

The dates of presentation , presumptive diagnosis of NF and of surgery were documented.

In contrast, the three studies finding differences in diagnostic intervals across ethnic groups recruited participants with definite diagnosis of breast cancer, and then surveyed or examined their medical record for important dates of presentation and referral.

The Q (GP) asked if the GP had been totally or partly involved in the process of establishing the child's cancer diagnosis (yes/no) and requested a detailed description of the patient's first symptom presentation, clinical findings and specific dates, for example, date of first presentation , referral and other milestones in the diagnostic process.

Overall, 12% of the presentations at the ESSKA congresses had been published before the date of the presentation .

Time from first presentation in primary care to first treatment, disease stage at diagnosis and survival time from date of first presentation in primary care were determined.

Write in English at your best, with Ludwig

Used by millions of students, scientific researchers, professional translators and editors from all over the world.

Maria Pia Montoro

Be a smart writer

Most frequent sentences:, write in english at your best with ludwig.

• PRESENTATION SKILLS

What is a Presentation?

Search SkillsYouNeed:

Presentation Skills:

• A - Z List of Presentation Skills
• Top Tips for Effective Presentations
• General Presentation Skills
• Preparing for a Presentation
• Organising the Material
• Writing Your Presentation
• Deciding the Presentation Method
• Managing your Presentation Notes
• Working with Visual Aids
• Presenting Data
• Managing the Event
• Coping with Presentation Nerves
• Dealing with Questions
• How to Build Presentations Like a Consultant
• 7 Qualities of Good Speakers That Can Help You Be More Successful
• Self-Presentation in Presentations
• Specific Presentation Events
• Remote Meetings and Presentations
• Giving a Speech
• Presentations in Interviews
• Presenting to Large Groups and Conferences
• Giving Lectures and Seminars
• Managing a Press Conference
• Attending Public Consultation Meetings
• Managing a Public Consultation Meeting
• Crisis Communications
• Elsewhere on Skills You Need:
• Communication Skills
• Facilitation Skills
• Teams, Groups and Meetings
• Effective Speaking
• Question Types

Subscribe to our FREE newsletter and start improving your life in just 5 minutes a day.

You'll get our 5 free 'One Minute Life Skills' and our weekly newsletter.

We'll never share your email address and you can unsubscribe at any time.

The formal presentation of information is divided into two broad categories: Presentation Skills and Personal Presentation .

These two aspects are interwoven and can be described as the preparation, presentation and practice of verbal and non-verbal communication. 

This article describes what a presentation is and defines some of the key terms associated with presentation skills.

Many people feel terrified when asked to make their first public talk.  Some of these initial fears can be reduced by good preparation that also lays the groundwork for making an effective presentation.

A Presentation Is...

A presentation is a means of communication that can be adapted to various speaking situations, such as talking to a group, addressing a meeting or briefing a team.

A presentation can also be used as a broad term that encompasses other ‘speaking engagements’ such as making a speech at a wedding, or getting a point across in a video conference.

To be effective, step-by-step preparation and the method and means of presenting the information should be carefully considered. 

A presentation requires you to get a message across to the listeners and will often contain a ' persuasive ' element. It may, for example, be a talk about the positive work of your organisation, what you could offer an employer, or why you should receive additional funding for a project.

The Key Elements of a Presentation

Making a presentation is a way of communicating your thoughts and ideas to an audience and many of our articles on communication are also relevant here, see: What is Communication? for more.

Consider the following key components of a presentation:

Ask yourself the following questions to develop a full understanding of the context of the presentation.

When and where will you deliver your presentation?

There is a world of difference between a small room with natural light and an informal setting, and a huge lecture room, lit with stage lights. The two require quite different presentations, and different techniques.

Will it be in a setting you are familiar with, or somewhere new?

If somewhere new, it would be worth trying to visit it in advance, or at least arriving early, to familiarise yourself with the room.

Will the presentation be within a formal or less formal setting?

A work setting will, more or less by definition, be more formal, but there are also various degrees of formality within that.

Will the presentation be to a small group or a large crowd?

Are you already familiar with the audience?

With a new audience, you will have to build rapport quickly and effectively, to get them on your side.

What equipment and technology will be available to you, and what will you be expected to use?

In particular, you will need to ask about microphones and whether you will be expected to stand in one place, or move around.

What is the audience expecting to learn from you and your presentation?

Check how you will be ‘billed’ to give you clues as to what information needs to be included in your presentation.

All these aspects will change the presentation. For more on this, see our page on Deciding the Presentation Method .

The role of the presenter is to communicate with the audience and control the presentation.

Remember, though, that this may also include handing over the control to your audience, especially if you want some kind of interaction.

You may wish to have a look at our page on Facilitation Skills for more.

The audience receives the presenter’s message(s).

However, this reception will be filtered through and affected by such things as the listener’s own experience, knowledge and personal sense of values.

See our page: Barriers to Effective Communication to learn why communication can fail.

The message or messages are delivered by the presenter to the audience.

The message is delivered not just by the spoken word ( verbal communication ) but can be augmented by techniques such as voice projection, body language, gestures, eye contact ( non-verbal communication ), and visual aids.

The message will also be affected by the audience’s expectations. For example, if you have been billed as speaking on one particular topic, and you choose to speak on another, the audience is unlikely to take your message on board even if you present very well . They will judge your presentation a failure, because you have not met their expectations.

The audience’s reaction and therefore the success of the presentation will largely depend upon whether you, as presenter, effectively communicated your message, and whether it met their expectations.

As a presenter, you don’t control the audience’s expectations. What you can do is find out what they have been told about you by the conference organisers, and what they are expecting to hear. Only if you know that can you be confident of delivering something that will meet expectations.

See our page: Effective Speaking for more information.

How will the presentation be delivered?

Presentations are usually delivered direct to an audience.  However, there may be occasions where they are delivered from a distance over the Internet using video conferencing systems, such as Skype.

It is also important to remember that if your talk is recorded and posted on the internet, then people may be able to access it for several years. This will mean that your contemporaneous references should be kept to a minimum.

Impediments

Many factors can influence the effectiveness of how your message is communicated to the audience.

For example background noise or other distractions, an overly warm or cool room, or the time of day and state of audience alertness can all influence your audience’s level of concentration.

As presenter, you have to be prepared to cope with any such problems and try to keep your audience focussed on your message.   

Our page: Barriers to Communication explains these factors in more depth.

Continue to read through our Presentation Skills articles for an overview of how to prepare and structure a presentation, and how to manage notes and/or illustrations at any speaking event.

Continue to: Preparing for a Presentation Deciding the Presentation Method

See also: Writing Your Presentation | Working with Visual Aids Coping with Presentation Nerves | Dealing with Questions Learn Better Presentation Skills with TED Talks

• Presentation Design

What is a Pitch Deck? Meaning, Example, and Guide

This article will help you understand the concepts and components of an effective pitch deck.

Throughout many years of helping startup founders navigate fundraising, we've come across many pitch decks. We can confidently say that we know a thing or two about writing good pitch decks. In this article, we'll do a deep dive into the definition of a pitch deck and what the ideal pitch deck looks like.

Pitch Deck: What is It?

A pitch deck is a short and concise presentation, usually created using PowerPoint, Keynote, or similar software, used to provide your audience with a quick overview of your business plan. It typically covers key aspects such as your company's mission, business model, market opportunity, product or service, competitive landscape, financials, and team. The goal of a pitch deck is to attract investment by convincing potential investors of the viability and future growth of your business. Most pitch decks are around 15-24 slides long and are used during meetings with investors, demo days, or as a part of the initial screening process by accelerators.

A pitch deck shouldn't be a boring business presentation. It's a narrative that tells your company's story . Depending on your stage and your particular journey, this ‘story' can take different angles: solving a pressing problem, a unique business model, remarkable traction, revolutionary tech, or superhuman founders. Usually, a deck will have between 15-24 slides, but this depends on all the above factors and shouldn't be taken as a rule of thumb. The deck's goal is clear: you need to persuade your investor audience to trust you and your solution so they want to invest their money in your company.

A pitch deck can be used for different purposes , such as emailing it to help you land investor meetings, pitching, and presenting in front of an audience. Depending on these scenarios and time constraints, the presentation can have more or less information, but the structure should generally be the same.

In short: a pitch deck is a quick presentation that outlines your company's business plan to potential investors. The goals of a pitch deck vary, though generally it aims to secure financing from investors, or at least further conversations about investing in your startup.

When will you need a pitch deck?

‍You'll need a pitch deck throughout your journey as a founder and many stages of a startup's life. For starters, almost every U.S. accelerator program will ask for a pitch deck during their initial screening process. Once you're in, get ready for the "pitch practices." These spaces allow you to rehearse your pitch and refine your presenting skills. Rehearsing is crucial; it's designed to prepare you for future demo days. An event where you present your business to a room full of key players think investors and other program coordinators.

However, this is not the most common use of your deck. The most common use for a pitch deck is whenever you and your team decide it's time to seek external capital. Think of your pitch deck as your ‘presentation card.' Often, what will determine whether you can sit in front of potential investors is if your deck has a clear and compelling story that can be understood. The presentation decks can also serve as a pre-meeting brief, allowing investors a sneak peek before a face-to-face conversation, or as a discussion tool during your meetings to walk them through your value proposition clearly and concisely.

A pitch deck serves a dual purpose : not only does it provide investors with an overview of your company, making it easier for them to evaluate the investment potential, but it also helps you, as a founder, as a mental exercise into articulating the key aspects of your startup and pen key information and data about your company.

The ideal structure

Again, think of your deck as a story/journey your reader is going through. Throughout the presentation, the key questions the pitch needs to answer are:

• What market opportunity have you discovered?
• What have you built to tackle it? How does it work, and who is it for?
• How much are you growing, and will you continue to grow?
• And why are YOU and your team THE right ones to change that status quo?

These four guiding questions will frame the structure of your pitch deck First, you want to set the stage with your deck's introduction. This encompasses the cover slide and the status quo section. What's the current landscape, and what isn't working?

Next, we pivot to introduce your solution think of it as the story's hero. This is where the narrative takes a turn. We focus on what sets your solution apart, its features, how it generates revenue, and its target audience.

For seasoned entrepreneurs, this is also the point where we'd highlight any traction gained, demonstrating your understanding of your business's growth trajectory and your concrete plans for expansion.

Then, it's time to size up the market. You should explore how the target market responds and how big it is the stakes couldn't be higher. But that's not all; your audience will also be eager to learn about the competitive landscape and how you are better than your competitors.

Finally, we reach the climax of the pitch deck. Here we highlight the founding team, your unique competitive edges, or perhaps your innovative rollout strategy. We wrap up this section by clearly outlining your funding needs and providing a breakdown of how the capital will be used.

What should be in a Pitch Deck Presentation?

Many authors, venture capitalists, startup founders, and evangelists have developed various iterations of what they believe are the essential components for successful pitch presentations. There is definitely not one correct answer. However, there are certain best practices and highly recommended components the deck should have.

At Slidebean, we've created this visual to show how we visualize the ideal story arc of a pitch deck.

This fits perfectly into the ideal pitch deck structure we tend to use at Slidebean.

Debunking Pitch Deck Myths

As CEOs and founders approach their pitch decks they’ll inevitably come across some myths: like the number of slides they are allowed to use, or whether or not to include an advisors slide. Let me tell you right now, it’s all crap. 

In the end a pitch deck is a summary of your company story , nothing more, nothing less. If your company story is long, and it takes you 25 slides to cover it, great. If you can do it in 10 without leaving anything out, better. 

To me a pitch deck is this blend of storytelling, of building up excitement; with business, and numbers, and a very rational, cold decision which is: will this company make me, investor, money? 

Does Your Company Really Need a Pitch Deck?

Companies come in all shapes and sizes, but only a handful of them are venture-fundable. 

You may hear talk on the startup press about this and that company raising millions of dollars, but for the most part, these are fast-growth, massively SCALABLE companies, and that’s why they can (and must) raise capital to expand.

There’s really no terminology to tell them apart, but I like to use Startups vs. Small Businesses .

Yes, if we are strict about their definitions, all Startups begin as Small Businesses, but the difference I want to make here relates to their scale. 

So let’s draw a line here and paint that picture. 

Small Businesses

Say a developer and a UI designer got tired of their day jobs. They’ve built a name and a portfolio for themselves and they decide to start their agency. 

To me, this is the definition of this category of ‘small business’. This is, by all means, a tech company, but in order to scale they will need to hire more and more designers and developers. Their margins, the profit the company makes after covering expenses, will always be limited because they are essentially selling man-hours. 

Can they reach great scale? They can build an agency with 1,000 engineers, but that is a long-shot. Examples here are the McKisneys and th EYs of the world: massive consulting companies that still sell mostly, services; but those are exceptions. 

Can they raise venture capital? Unlikely. And definitely not at the idea or early revenue stage. 

Those companies are usually formed by 2 or 3 partners who bring in some capital of their own to get started. One of those partners might even be an ‘executive’ co-founder: while the other, or others bring the expertise and the work, the executive co-founder brings the capital. 

But that is not an investor that you find with a pitch deck. It’s probably a relationship that you’ve already built, and that trust you to get in bed with you for this business. 

There’s nothing wrong with being a ‘small business’ type of company. The US economy was built on these small businesses.

The Tech Startup

This is the company that you read about on Techcrunch . A company that has found a transformative market opportunity, and that is using technology to solve it in an extremely scalable way. 

Uber is not a car or a taxi company. It doesn’t need to hire drivers. It operates all over the world and can open an operation in a city with 3 employees, because they are a marketplace. They are connecting drivers to riders. 

Same with Airbnb . They don’t need to buy homes or rooms (like a hotel), they are just connecting the players in this economy. 

Going to Social Media, when Facebook acquired Instagram in 2013, they were bought out for $1 Billion. The company had 250 million users and 13 employees. Because software is infinitely scalable, and you don’t need a massive staff to support it. 

That’s the concept that I like to classify as a tech startup. Once again, technically, the development shop is a tech startup, but I’m not using the dictionary definition. 

The story on how these companies fund their operation is very different. These are companies reaching for the moon, so they will need to raise capital every couple of years (assuming they are doing well). 

On a SaaS (software as a service) for example, it’s expected that the founders build a prototype and sell it to a few customers before considering outside capital. 

On a Social Media platform, fast user growth is expected before raising significant capital. Look at the Facebook story- assuming that you saw the movie: Thiel only invested in ‘The Facebook’ AFTER it was a hit in Harvard. 

Other industries like Healthtech and Hardware do require capital earlier on, because they are very capital intensive just to get started. 

For the most part, these companies will operate at a loss for years, because everyone is betting on the large play. Think Amazon, who didn’t turn a profit for decades, but today, it completely dominates the e-commerce industry. And AWS. And streaming. 

Parts of a Pitch Deck

The three-act structure.

Rules are made to be broken, but I believe this structure is truly the ideal one. For this outline we combined our own experience, our analysis of hundreds of decks, from successful companies like Airbnb and Uber and finally, storytelling. 

And let me start with that one, because as irrelevant, and unrelated as it may seem- storytelling makes or breaks a deck. 

Who doesn’t love a good story- a story of how this team used their wits to overcome difficulties. Or a story on how everything stacked against them, and they won by the skin of their teeth. 

I learned this stuff in film school, and it ruined movies a little bit for me, but most stories, films included, follow a 3-Act structure that looks like this. 

During Act I, the SETUP, we have an introduction to the characters and to the status quo. We are presented with a universe that we can believe in, that we can invest in, as long as it’s realistic, and consistent with our own experience. 

Then comes Plot Point 1, around a third of the movie in. This is a point in the movie where the story takes an unexpected turn, and the plot gets its direction changed. 

In The Social Network, it’s when this coding, viral platform genius that we’ve been introduced to, gets presented with the Havard Connect idea by the Winkelvosses, and decides to steal it. 

The first plot point also opens a range of possibilities of where the story could go. As viewers, we are at the mercy of the script and often have no idea where the conflict will go. 

As the Plot changes direction, stakes start getting higher. We care about these characters and build excitement. This all builds up to the climax of the story, which comes right after the second plot point. 

In the Social Network, the Second Plot point is Eduardo freezing the Facebook account: it’s another unexpected turn in the story. Instead of opening possibilities of where the story could go, it narrows them down. This is followed by the climax of the story, the confrontation between Mark and Eduardo in the Facebook office. 

Try placing your pitch deck story in this arc. 

We start with an introduction , the status quo. What’s going on, how does the world operate today? What are the flaws? 

Your Solution slide is the first Plot point . You are pivoting the direction of the story, of the current status quo and possibilities are endless. 

Now you start narrowing down. The product takes shape. Stakes get higher. We understand the hero of the story, the product. 

The second plot point and climax could vary depending on your business. Maybe it’s in your traction slides, because you tapped into an incredible distribution channel. 

Maybe the plot twist revolves around the competitors, and how they foolishly overlooked something your team knows. Maybe it’s about your team, your background, and experience which is unmatchable.

It’s at that climax when the viewer is most vulnerable. It’s after that climax, that you get to ask for money. 

Very broadly speaking, the key elements that fit this structure are listed below. This doesn't mean the deck should have no more than 13 slides. Depending on your particular case, many of these sections should be expanded into more than 1 slide.

• Market Overview
• Product/Features
• Revenue Model
• Go-To-Market
• Market Size
• Competition
• Fundraising/Use of Funds‍

These core sections of a pitch deck are intentionally designed to flow from broad to detailed, starting with the business opportunity and gradually zooming in on why this particular company is poised to fill a gap in the target market.

If you're on the hunt for some pitch deck inspiration, check our gallery of successful pitch deck templates right here I want to take a moment to re-emphasize that this structure is, by no means, a rule of thumb. Every company has its own story, and whoever is creating the pitch deck will adapt these slides into the order that produces the best possible story, given their strengths. Early-stage startups, who usually don't have relevant traction, lean heavily on the problem-solution fit, the market potential, and being first to market. More mature companies, in contrast, tend to emphasize their traction, KPIs, unit economics, and how additional funding can accelerate their growth.

Regardless of the size of the company or the milestones to date, the ultimate goal of a pitch presentation is to provide a broad overview of how the startup works, its strengths, and future growth opportunities.

Are there different types of pitch decks?

The term pitch deck is broad. I’ve seen it used to refer to a sales deck. You could even use it to refer to a movie pitch. 

As you’ve probably noticed, our expertise is on investor pitch decks. 

More than different decks per se, the main factor to consider is that there are different scenarios in which you'll use a deck, so we definitely need to adjust the narrative to fit these different time constraints and content requirements. While there's no one-size-fits-all guide to the types of pitch decks, here are some commonly encountered decks:

Elevator pitch deck:

This is a deck that should, as the name suggests, be able to deliver a pitch for 1-2 minutes during an elevator ride with a potential investor - figuratively speaking. Nonetheless, these sorts of decks are highly condensed versions of your pitch. Focus on the most essential information: problem, solution, traction, market, use of funds, and growth.

Demo day pitch deck:

Usually a bit more detailed than an elevator pitch but still on the shorter side. These pitch decks are common on demo days when many startups present sequentially, and the time limit is sacred. Here, founders usually have no more than five minutes to present. These pitches are often presented in large auditoriums, and the focus is yourself, so the deck itself should have little-to-no-text and be heavy on visuals to capture your audience's attention.

Full investor meeting deck:

This is what you normally find when Googling “What is a Pitch Deck” or “Pitch Deck Meaning”. An investor meeting deck is the archetypical pitch deck and also the most commonly used. Typically, it showcases your company for potential investors to review and assess if it is venture-backable or not. This is a more in-depth look at your startup's aspects, from business model and go-to-market strategy to financial projections and fundraising needs. These decks have between 15-24 slides and are also called “email decks,” meaning they are sent to help you land investor meetings. They can also be used to guide in-person meetings and help you highlight traction and data that would otherwise be trickier to explain verbally.

Key components for a solid pitch deck

• Good Story Structure - Storytelling Arc: In pitch decks, the order in which you present your information is crucial almost as critical as the content itself. Your information should follow a logical order that paints an overall business picture and has a story arc that makes sense. Most storytelling techniques in public speaking also apply to narrating your business story.
• Easily Understandable: This point goes hand in hand with the structure and order of the deck and, honestly, is quite obvious. Readers need to understand your company and the deck, regardless of them being unfamiliar or unrelated to your industry. The typical trap in which many fall is getting too technical and using jargon that many of us simply - don't understand. Try to tell the story clearly, compellingly, and concisely so that anyone* can understand the deck and get excited about your company.
• Human-Centered & Relatable: It's tempting to focus too much on the solution you created and give lengthy explanations of your product's super cool features. The reality is that the best business idea is meaningless if it doesn't solve a genuine human problem. The deck needs to convey that there is a clear problem/solution fit. Make things relatable by providing proof of the user's pain points, quantify the problem, and mention how your solution improves their lives - and why your team is the only one that can do it. If your audience can't relate to the problem, convincing them of your solution will be hard.‍
• Compelling Visual Resources: While your presentation's content is vital, your slides' visual look is critical in engaging your audience. People get bored quickly, and a visually dynamic presentation can help you maintain their interest. We process images much more efficiently than text; use this to your advantage by crafting visually striking slides that enhance your message. And please, remember that this is not a business plan. You shouldn't have everything in your deck. This is a high-level document that has to paint a solid picture of your company. There will be a time and place to deep dive into different areas of the company; the slide deck is not the place.
• Traction-Oriented Slides: If you have the traction, brag about it. Results and actual data tend to be more relevant than anything else. They demonstrate you've found or started to find product/market fit, and that your addressable market has been identified and defined. Nothing gives you more credibility than actual, measurable success with paying customers. Bonus points: you must be prepared to discuss these metrics and unit economics once you present them, so make sure you know and understand them.
• A Healthy, Exponentially Growing Business: The simple (and hardest) truth of crafting a solid and compelling pitch deck is that it depends on your company's performance. Revenue-generating businesses, low-churning products, exponential and sustained growth, and consistent usage… these are the things that investors are looking for, and that will charm them. The reality behind the startup fundraising world is that investors want a 10x return for their investment. Despite the reputation of being risk-takers, they ultimately look for their investment to yield results.

A pitch presentation is valuable for founders and investors to assess collaboration opportunities. A solid deck can take you really far, and a deck full of red flags can deter you from even having the opportunity to pitch in person to potential investors. It is a good exercise because it forces you to do a conscious exercise to articulate your story in a compelling manner, as well as a format that is compatible with the majority of investors around the world. By no means is it an easy task, but the exercise of writing it will help you understand your company from an external perspective and force you to understand key aspects of the narrative you have: growth, metrics, solution, problem, etc.

I hope this article has clarified what a business deck is and the components of a 5-star deck.

For more insights, feel free to explore other articles on our blog about pitch deck basics.

Related video

Upcoming events

From pitch deck to funding: a crash course, financial modeling bootcamp, popular articles.

Pitch Deck Structure: What Investors Want To See

Financial Modeling Explained: What is Driver-Based Planning?

Let’s move your company to the next stage 🚀

Ai pitch deck software, pitch deck services.

Financial Model Consulting for Startups 🚀

Raise money with our pitch deck writing and design service 🚀

The all-in-one pitch deck software 🚀

A pitch deck is an essential tool for startup founders, especially in the early stages, as it helps them connect with potential investors and secure crucial venture capital funding. It serves multiple purposes, all of which are key to a startup's growth path. Here, we outline them.

Preparing to pitch to investors from a VC Firm? This article includes examples and explanations from renowned Venture Capital Firms to guide you on crafting your pitch deck.

This is a functional model you can use to create your own formulas and project your potential business growth. Instructions on how to use it are on the front page.

Book a call with our sales team

In a hurry? Give us a call at 

Susan Leaverton's lambscapes meant as reminder that 'we are all woven together'

ABSAROKEE — For the last 53 years, Susan Leaverton of Absarokee has been behind the loom, creating works of art out of fabrics.

“I haven’t figured out what I’m gonna do when I grow up yet, but I’m workin’ on it," said 75-year-old Leaverton.

Her weaving began when she attended Syracuse University, majoring in fabric design.

"I walked into this wonderful room with about 30 looms in it for my first weaving class. The rest is history," said Leaverton.

She said she likes to keep her work simple, not using computers to create her designs.

“My weaving I call honest," said Susan, "That process of just literally interlacing threads is what gives me joy.”

Susan expressed an appreciation for that which goes without celebration, including the sheep that supply much of the wool she uses to make her creations.

“We’re surrounded in our homes with fibers and fabrics. So, why not make them beautiful? If you’ve gotta dry dishes anyway, you may as well have a good, beautiful dish towel to do it with," said Leaverton.

She said she stopped counting what she calls "lambscapes," woven portraits of lambs, after creating approximately 5,000.

“They are my ambassadors of love, hope, peace, joy – all the good things in life," said Leaverton.

Robert Leaverton, her husband, said her homage to her four-legged suppliers of raw materials has also included llamas and alpacas.

Susan said she hopes her work will serve as a reminder that despite any kind of differences, we are all "woven together."

“We’re part of a greater community, whether it be our local community or global. So, the more that we are together, the more that we understand each other and make that effort to interact and to be civil with each other. What’s wrong with that?" said Susan.

Sign up for the Breaking News Newsletter and receive up to date information.

Now signed up to receive the breaking newsnewsletter..

Coverage of your favorite teams from Montana's Sports Leader

• PlayStation 5
• PlayStation VR2
• PlayStation 4
• PlayStation Store
• PlayStation Plus
• Portuguese (Br)
• Spanish (LatAm)
• Spanish (EU)
• Traditional Chinese

Welcome PlayStation 5 Pro, the most visually impressive way to play games on PlayStation

Features including GPU upgrade, advanced ray tracing, and PlayStation Spectral Super Resolution take players to new heights.

UPDATE:  On September 26, 2024, pre-orders will be available directly from PlayStation at  direct.playstation.com  and at participating retailers in territories where direct.playstation.com isn’t available. On October 10, 2024, pre-orders will be available at all other participating retailers.

Over the last four years since the launch of PS5, we’ve worked hard to continuously evolve the console experience and deliver the great games our players expect from us. Today, I’m incredibly proud to announce the next step in that evolution and welcome PlayStation 5 Pro to the PlayStation family – our most advanced and innovative console hardware to date.

We developed PS5 Pro with deeply engaged players and game creators in mind – as many have asked for a console that runs even higher fidelity graphics with smoother frame rates at 60FPS. We achieved this on PS5 Pro with several key performance features.*

• Upgraded GPU : With PS5 Pro, we are upgrading to a GPU that has 67% more Compute Units than the current PS5 console and 28% faster memory. Overall, this enables up to 45% faster rendering for gameplay, making the experience much smoother.
• Advanced Ray Tracing : We’ve added even more powerful ray tracing that provides more dynamic reflection and refraction of light. This allows the rays to be cast at double, and at times triple, the speeds of the current PS5 console.
• AI-Driven Upscaling : We’re also introducing PlayStation Spectral Super Resolution, an AI-driven upscaling that uses a machine learning-based technology to provide super sharp image clarity by adding an extraordinary amount of detail.

PS5 Pro provides gamers with amazing graphics at high frame rates. You can hear Mark Cerny, lead architect for PS5 Pro, discuss the key innovations from PS5 Pro in the following video presentation. This presentation provides a deep dive into the key performance features that make PS5 Pro truly special.

Other enhancements include PS5 Pro Game Boost, which can apply to more than 8,500 backward compatible PS4 games playable on PS5 Pro. This feature may stabilize or improve the performance of supported PS4 and PS5 games. Enhanced Image Quality for PS4 games is also available to improve the resolution on select PS4 games. PS5 Pro will also launch with the latest wireless technology, Wi-Fi 7, in territories supporting this standard. VRR and 8K gaming are also supported.

It’s humbling to see how game creators have embraced the latest technology from PS5 Pro, and several games will be patched with free software updates for gamers to take advantage of PS5 Pro’s features. These games can be identified with a PS5 Pro Enhanced label within their title. Some games you can look forward to include blockbuster hits from PlayStation Studios and our third-party partners, such as Alan Wake 2, Assassin’s Creed: Shadows, Demon’s Souls, Dragon’s Dogma 2, Final Fantasy 7 Rebirth, Gran Turismo 7, Hogwarts Legacy, Horizon Forbidden West, Marvel’s Spider-Man 2, Ratchet & Clank: Rift Apart, The Crew Motorfest, The First Descendant, The Last of Us Part II Remastered, and more. 

We kept the look of the PS5 Pro consistent with the overall PS5 family of products. You’ll notice the height is the same size as the original PS5, and the width is the same size as the current PS5 model to accommodate higher performance specs. Players can add an Ultra HD Blu-ray Disc Drive, or swap out console covers when they become available.

Download the image

PS5 Pro fits perfectly within the PS5 family of products and is compatible with the PS5 accessories currently available, including PlayStation VR2, PlayStation Portal, DualSense Edge, Access controller, Pulse Elite and Pulse Explore. The user interface and network services will also remain the same as PS5.

The PS5 Pro console will be available this holiday at a manufacturer’s suggested retail price (MSRP) of $699.99 USD, £699.99 GBP, €799.99 EUR, and ¥119,980 JPY (includes tax). It will include a 2TB SSD, a DualSense wireless controller and a copy of Astro’s Playroom pre-installed in every PS5 Pro purchase. PS5 Pro is available as a disc-less console, with the option to purchase the currently available Disc Drive for PS5 separately.

PS5 Pro will launch on November 7, 2024 and will be available at participating retailers and directly from PlayStation at direct.playstation.com. Preorders will begin on September 26, 2024.

Our PS5 journey would not be possible without the millions of players that have supported us through the years and have shared with us their love of gaming. Whichever console option players choose, whether it’s PS5 or PS5 Pro, we wish to bring everyone the very best gaming experience that fits their needs. 

*Features only available on select PS5 games that have been enhanced for PS5 Pro when compared with the PS5. PS5 Pro enhanced features will vary by game.

Did you like this? Like this

Join the Conversation

But don't be a jerk!

Please be kind, considerate, and constructive. Report inappropriate comments to [email protected]

617 Comments

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

You must be logged in to post a comment.

Trending Stories

The evolution of Astro Bot’s adorable character design

Corey Brotherson PlayStation Blog Contributor

Celebrating 30 years of PlayStation: My First GT, digital soundtracks, “Shapes of Play” collection – and there’s more to come

Isabelle Tomatis Vice President, Global Marketing, Sony Interactive Entertainment

Destiny 10th Anniversary: PlayStation Studios devs reflect on their time as Guardians

Tim Turi (he/him) Content Communications Manager, Sony Interactive Entertainment

EA Sports FC 25: hands-on report

PlayStation Plus Monthly Games for August: LEGO Star Wars The Skywalker Saga, FNAF Security Breach, Ender Lilies: Quietus of the Knights 

Adam Michel Director, Content Acquisition & Operations, Sony Interactive Entertainment

PlayStation Plus Monthly Games for April: Immortals of Aveum, Minecraft Legends, Skul: The Hero Slayer

Marvel’s Spider-Man 2 arrives only on PS5 October 20, Collector’s & Digital Deluxe Editions detailed

James Stevenson Community Director, Insomniac Games

PlayStation Plus Game Catalog for June + PS5 Game Streaming news update for Premium members

Nick Maguire VP, Global Services, Global Sales and Business Operations, SIE

Please enter your date of birth.

Sorry, you may not access this content..

More From Forbes

Creating the perfect laptop: intel’s hybrid processor journey.

• Share to Facebook
• Share to Twitter
• Share to Linkedin

Intel's Core Ultra Series 2 Lunar Lake processors represent Intel's latest hybrid core design that ... [+] will influence how its desktop processors are designed too

When Intel ushered in its 12th generation Alder Lake laptop and desktop hybrid processors three years ago, it set in motion a process that would redefine how a CPU is designed and also how it works with Windows. Its recent Lunar Lake mobile processor launch is the fourth generation of these CPUs that features two different types of cores and the biggest changes this time around are primarily down to how those cores function as a team.

In what many viewed as a surprising and drastic move, Lunar Lake CPUs do away with a long standing feature called Hyper-Threading, which allows individual cores to handle two software threads instead of one, filling any downtime and improving performance, particularly in multi-threaded workloads. There are rumors it will remove this feature from its Arrow Lake desktop CPUs too, ending two decades of the feature being supported on desktop PCs.

I caught up with David Feng, Vice President and General Manager of Intel's Client Computing Group at Germany's IFA event this month and he explained why these hybrid mixes of performance cores (P-cores) and efficient cores (E-cores) mean that including hyper-threading no longer makes sense and can actually result in a negative overall benefit in modern CPUs.

NYT ‘Strands’ Today: Hints, Spangram And Answers For Friday, September 13th

Astronauts orbital flight demo marks a giant leap toward mars missions, ‘the crow’ remake is new on digital streaming – how to watch at home.

Antony: Lunar Lake is a major launch for Intel and the performance and power efficiency claims are impressive. I was hoping you could maybe explain what the benefits are of upgrading to new laptop would be to owners of say a 10 th or 11 th Gen laptop would be – something that was new 5 years ago and also from something newer - perhaps bought in the last 12 months?

David: The world is a very different place now. If you have a CPU that is three or four years old, back then we were not running ChatGPTs or AI. Even aside from the changes that Covid brought, we now have a whole new appreciation for performance per watt and power efficiency. Not that we didn’t care back then, but it’s a level of prioritisation. Back then performance was a higher priority but now it’s more balanced with thin and light devices focussing on performance and low power at the same time.

Compared to those older CPUs, you’ll see significantly more performance and much longer battery life. Modern processors can run new classes of applications powered by AI and Lunar Lake is also designed to handle triple-A games all on a thin and light device – something you wouldn’t even be able to imagine four or five years ago unless you had a heavy laptop with a discrete GPU.

Now, moving from the more recent Meteor Lake Core Ultra 100 to Lunar Lake Core Ultra 200 series, you’re most likely something of an earlier adopter or have a high refresh of your technology. Meteor Lake is still a great design and cutting edge in many areas such as AI. However, Lunar Lake still offers significant CPU AI and power efficiency enhancements. That said, Meteor Lake also offers huge benefits compared to 13 th Gen CPUs – 30-40% lower power for example. Driving the power down even more than we’ve done before.

Intel's Lunar Lake CPU

When we say Lunar Lake has 30% better GPU performance, we’re actually comparing that to Meteor Lake H which is the higher power segment. Compared to Meteor Lake U-series it’s an even bigger improvement. Probably up to 80% graphics improvement. But even Meteor Lake has far superior graphics performance to earlier models.

Antony: That’s been quite a quick transition from Meteor Lake to Lunar Lake. What’s driven Intel to launch a new generation of CPUs in such a short time frame?

David: That’s a really good question. Silicon has a long lead time in term of designing and bringing a product to market. Usually four or five years. We’re continuously looking at the future architectures on a rolling basis. When planning for the Meteor Lake architecture we recognised the importance of having a new engine like an NPU, new power management like low power E-core and driven by our Foveros 3D packaging to bring everything together. When our architects put our Meteor Lake architecture together they were working towards that timeframe, but with the next generation they could already see ways of enhancing the different cores, the GPU core, the NPU and power management.

Intel has found that having more E-cores in its CPUs had significant benefits to power savings and ... [+] in turn battery life

For example, we had two E-cores with Meteor Lake and something we realised quickly is that it would be more beneficial to power savings to have more of them with a larger cache too. That’s where Lunar Lake’s 50% power savings come from. We could drive more applications without having to engage the more power hungry P-cores at all. We’re learning as we go with that power and performance balance with our hybrid core designs.

Antony: I’ve been following Intel’s Evo standard ever since it was the unbranded project Athena as I thought it was a great idea – having a standard that makes it easier to pick a laptop that guarantees a quality experience in terms of battery life, performance and features. Has the Evo standard evolved much over time?

David: Again a great question. It hasn’t changed in its goals. It’s still to offer the best, uncompromised mobile experience. The types of applications, though, are evolving. AI for example, wasn’t part of the plan back then. At the very beginning I don’t think we appreciated how much the core components would vary and have such an impact on performance. Screen panels, memory and even SSDs can have big affects on your power profile. With a few generations of Evo now under out belt we learned so much about the system ingredients and variations so we’re now in a much better position to guide the industry on how to put together the best configuration.

From a user experience perspective, since Meteor Lake, we added more testing to balance cool and quiet performance operation. We know how to boost performance but doing that without generating a lot of heat or noise is key, as well as maintaining battery life. So now you have four competing things and we’re learning from Meteor Lake and added testing criteria for cool and quiet operation. That’s one example.

Intel's Evo standard has been raised over generations and now includes webcam quality as well as ... [+] older features such as cooling, weight and temperature testing

With Lunar Lake, we have an increased focus on gaming and can run triple A games at playable frame rates. I was purposely going around the demo systems here at IFA to touch the back of the laptops with my hand. They were not even warm and they were quiet too. The webcam is something we’ve added recently too. Resolution or pixels are important but they are not always an indication of image quality. We are constantly raising the bar for what is expect for Evo.

Antony: The removal of hyper threading with Lunar Lake is a big move and it’s what’s been rumored with desktop Arrow Lake due later this year too. Won’t this result in less multi-thread performance compared previous generations? What would you say to those concerned about that? Was the reasoning mainly power efficiency related? Hyper threading has obviously been a feature of Intel CPUs for so long.

David: Hyper-threading was a great idea and our engineers figured that when we’re loading the compute pipeline, we’re not fully utilising it because it’s like building a car on a manufacturing pipeline, I want to make sure every station is fully utilized all the time. So when they built the data pipelines and hyper-threading was implemented they were using 100% of pipeline all the time along with a relatively small overhead in terms of power and extra space on the CPU die to get another thread. However, it was more for a desktop market than a mobile market. The expectations for mobile devices were lower back then and not today where we have 20 hour battery life.

Intel introduced hyper-threading two decades ago, but it's hybrid CPUs mean it no longer offers an ... [+] overall positive impact in a world where efficiency and power consumption are high priorities

When we first introduced hybrid cores – E-Cores and P-cores with out 12 th Gen architecture, there were some discussions about whether that was achieving the best battery life and power efficiency. We learned a lot through the generations since Alder Lake and began to understand that actually, a hybrid architecture with E-cores is the most efficient way to deliver the balance between higher performance and including muti-threaded performance and maintaining lower power.

Even with a hybrid architecture you could still have hyper-threading and push forwards some performance metrics but hyper-threading will hit us negatively on power efficiency and power per thread – overall it’s a net neutral or even net negative result which is why Lunar Lake doesn’t support it.

In the past, especially on desktop, this wasn’t much of a concern, but even on desktop enthusiasts are definitely paying more attention to power consumption. The whole industry really is more focussed on a balanced approach to lower level of power for the same performance. For us Lunar Lake is the culmination of everything we’ve learned from previous hybrid core architectures, fully leveraging the benefits of low power E-cores - more of them with more cache - turned out to be a better trade off than maintaining hyper-threading.

I'd like to thank David for taking the time to talk to me about Intel's major changes to its CPUs. If you're interested in Lunar Lake laptops, these will be available from the likes of Asus, Dell, LG and MSI on 24th September. Follow me here on Forbes using the blue button below, Facebook or YouTube to get the latest news.

• Editorial Standards
• Reprints & Permissions

Join The Conversation

One Community. Many Voices. Create a free account to share your thoughts. 

Forbes Community Guidelines

Our community is about connecting people through open and thoughtful conversations. We want our readers to share their views and exchange ideas and facts in a safe space.

In order to do so, please follow the posting rules in our site's  Terms of Service.   We've summarized some of those key rules below. Simply put, keep it civil.

Your post will be rejected if we notice that it seems to contain:

• False or intentionally out-of-context or misleading information
• Insults, profanity, incoherent, obscene or inflammatory language or threats of any kind
• Attacks on the identity of other commenters or the article's author
• Content that otherwise violates our site's  terms.

User accounts will be blocked if we notice or believe that users are engaged in:

• Continuous attempts to re-post comments that have been previously moderated/rejected
• Racist, sexist, homophobic or other discriminatory comments
• Attempts or tactics that put the site security at risk
• Actions that otherwise violate our site's  terms.

So, how can you be a power user?

• Stay on topic and share your insights
• Feel free to be clear and thoughtful to get your point across
• ‘Like’ or ‘Dislike’ to show your point of view.
• Protect your community.
• Use the report tool to alert us when someone breaks the rules.

Thanks for reading our community guidelines. Please read the full list of posting rules found in our site's  Terms of Service.

Meeting Minutes

Notes that are recorded during a meeting

What are Meeting Minutes?

Meeting minutes are notes that are recorded during a meeting. They highlight the key issues that are discussed, motions proposed or voted on, and activities to be undertaken. The minutes of a meeting are usually taken by a designated member of the group. Their task is to provide an accurate record of what transpired during the meeting.

Steps Involved in Recording Meeting Minutes

There are five main steps involved in recording the minutes of a meeting. They are:

• Pre-planning
• Record-taking
• Writing or transcribing the minutes
• Sharing meeting minutes
• Filing or storage of minutes for referencing in the future

Pre-Planning

If a meeting is well-planned in advance, taking minutes will be a lot easier. That said, the chairperson and the secretary or minutes-recorder should work together to determine the agenda of the meeting beforehand. For example, the person recording minutes could work with the chair to draft a document that will serve as an agenda and provide the format for the meeting.

Meeting Agenda

If it’s not possible for the chair and secretary to meet and come up with a draft, then it’s up to the secretary to get a copy of the agenda before the meeting starts. The meeting agenda will serve as a guide for how to take notes and prepare the minutes. In addition, the agenda also includes other details, which need to be incorporated in the minutes. They include:

• Names of all the members present – includes guests and speakers
• Documents that may be handed out as the meeting progresses, such as copies of a list of proposals to be voted on

Expectations

When an individual is chosen as the minutes recorder, it’s important for them to know what is expected of them. Therefore, the individual should approach the chair of the committee and ask what their role in the meeting will be. For example, if the meeting will involve proposing motions , the designated member should inquire as to whether he should include the names of those proposing motions and those seconding.

What to Include in Meeting Minutes

Before recording any details, a designated minutes recorder should familiarize themselves with the type of information that they should record. A group may be using a specific format to record notes but, overall, the minutes of a meeting typically include the following details:

• Date and time the meeting happened
• Names of attendees, as well as absent participants
• Acceptance of, or amendments made to, the previous meeting’s minutes
• Activities undertaken or agreed upon
• Outcomes of elections
• Motions accepted or rejected
• New business
• Date and time of the next meeting

The Process of Writing Meeting Minutes

When the meeting ends, the individual tasked with writing minutes should get all the resources he needs to write up the minutes in a clear, presentable way. Here are some tips to consider:

• Once the meeting ends, don’t take too long to write the minutes. This way, everything that took place in the meeting is still fresh in your mind.
• Review the outline that had been created earlier and make adjustments where necessary. This might include adding extra information or clarifying some of the issues raised. Also, check to see that all verdicts, activities, and motions were clearly recorded.
• Revise the minutes and ensure they’re brief but clear.

Distributing the Meeting Minutes

Once the secretary completes writing the minutes, he’s supposed to share them with the group members. They can be shared online or through the cloud. Considering that minutes and other types of documents can entail a lot of paperwork, it may be preferable to use a paperless sharing approach.

For example, if the minutes recorder was documenting the minutes using Microsoft Word, which does not offer online sharing, then they might consider using Google docs, which offers a way of sharing documents online with other users.

The recorder is also supposed to save a copy of the meeting minutes for future reference. Most companies store their minutes online – either in Google Docs or OneDrive.

Key Takeaway

Meeting minutes are important because they are used to document the key issues raised during a meeting. For example, effective minutes can state the approaches that were proposed to solve a particular problem and the main reason why members choose one method over the other.

The minutes of the meeting can be recorded manually or on an electronic device such as a laptop or iPad. After the meeting, the recorder reviews the minutes and makes edits where necessary. The meeting minutes are then shared with the group participants. Apart from distribution, the minutes are also saved for future reference.

Download the Free Board Meeting Minutes Template

Enter your name and email in the form below and download the free template now!

More Resources

To keep learning and developing your knowledge of financial analysis, we highly recommend the additional CFI resources below:

• Action Learning
• Corporate Strategy
• Management Skills
• Public Speaking
• See all management & strategy resources

• Share this article

Create a free account to unlock this Template

Access and download collection of free Templates to help power your productivity and performance.

Already have an account? Log in

Supercharge your skills with Premium Templates

Take your learning and productivity to the next level with our Premium Templates.

Upgrading to a paid membership gives you access to our extensive collection of plug-and-play Templates designed to power your performance—as well as CFI's full course catalog and accredited Certification Programs.

Already have a Self-Study or Full-Immersion membership? Log in

Access Exclusive Templates

Gain unlimited access to more than 250 productivity Templates, CFI's full course catalog and accredited Certification Programs, hundreds of resources, expert reviews and support, the chance to work with real-world finance and research tools, and more.

Already have a Full-Immersion membership? Log in

• Skip to main content
• Skip to primary sidebar

Business Jargons

A Business Encyclopedia

Presentation

Definition : A presentation is a form of communication in which the speaker conveys information to the audience. In an organization presentations are used in various scenarios like talking to a group, addressing a meeting, demonstrating or introducing a new product, or briefing a team. It involves presenting a particular subject or issue or new ideas/thoughts to a group of people.

It is considered as the most effective form of communication because of two main reasons:

• Use of non-verbal cues.
• Facilitates instant feedback.

Business Presentations are a tool to influence people toward an intended thought or action.

Parts of Presentation

• Introduction : It is meant to make the listeners ready to receive the message and draw their interest. For that, the speaker can narrate some story or a humorous piece of joke, an interesting fact, a question, stating a problem, and so forth. They can also use some surprising statistics.
• Body : It is the essence of the presentation. It requires the sequencing of facts in a logical order. This is the part where the speaker explains the topic and relevant information. It has to be critically arranged, as the audience must be able to grasp what the speaker presents.
• Conclusion : It needs to be short and precise. It should sum up or outline the key points that you have presented. It could also contain what the audience should have gained out of the presentation.

Purpose of Presentation

• To inform : Organizations can use presentations to inform the audience about new schemes, products or proposals. The aim is to inform the new entrant about the policies and procedures of the organization.
• To persuade : Presentations are also given to persuade the audience to take the intended action.
• To build goodwill : They can also help in building a good reputation

Factors Affecting Presentation

Audience Analysis

Communication environment, personal appearance, use of visuals, opening and closing presentation, organization of presentation, language and words, voice quality, body language, answering questions, a word from business jargons.

Presentation is a mode of conveying information to a selected group of people live. An ideal presentation is one that identifies and matches the needs, interests and understanding level of the audience. It also represents the facts, and figures in the form of tables, charts, and graphs and uses multiple colours.

Related terms:

• Verbal Communication
• Visual Communication
• Non-Verbal Communication
• Communication
• 7 C’s of Communication

Reader Interactions

Abbas khan says

October 2, 2022 at 11:33 pm

Thank you so much for providing us with brief info related to the presentation.

Farhan says

February 23, 2023 at 9:45 am

yusra shah says

July 3, 2023 at 2:04 am

it was helpful👍

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *