Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998) Notes and Exam Questions Business Studies Grade 12
Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998) : Notes, Common Exam Questions and Answers Guide, Online Quizzes and Activities for Business Studies Grade 12 Revision Studies, from Macro Environment: Impact of Recent Legislations section. This content is under Term 1 as per the CAPS Curriculum.
On this page, grade 12 students learn and study for revision using REAL EXAM questions based on Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998) topic, using activities and engaging quizzes. Every South African grade 12 learner who wants to pass Business Studies subject with a distinction, needs to go through the valuable study resources on this page.
Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998) Business Studies Grade 12
The Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998) is a South African law that aims to promote equality in the workplace and to eliminate unfair discrimination in employment. The Act applies to all employers, regardless of the size of their business, and requires them to take proactive steps to promote diversity and equality in their workplaces.
The EEA sets out various obligations and requirements for employers, including the development and implementation of an employment equity plan, the analysis of their workforce demographics, and the reporting of their progress in achieving employment equity targets. The Act also prohibits unfair discrimination on the grounds of race, gender, age, disability, religion, and other grounds.
The EEA is enforced by the Department of Employment and Labour , and non-compliance can result in fines, legal action, and reputational damage for employers. The Act is part of a broader effort by the South African government to address historical inequalities and to promote a more diverse and inclusive society.
Overall, the Employment Equity Act seeks to promote equal opportunities and fair treatment for all employees, regardless of their race, gender, or other characteristics , and to eliminate discrimination in the workplace.
Purpose of the EEA
The Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998) has the following purposes:
- To promote equal opportunities and fair treatment for all employees in the workplace.
- To eliminate unfair discrimination in employment on the basis of race, gender, age, disability, religion, and other grounds.
- To encourage diversity and inclusivity in the workplace and promote a more representative workforce.
- To require employers to develop and implement employment equity plans and report on their progress towards achieving employment equity targets.
- To address historical inequalities and promote a more just and equitable society in South Africa.
Impact of the EEA on businesses: Advantages and Disadvantages
The Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998) has had a significant impact on businesses in South Africa since its enactment. The Act aims to promote diversity and inclusivity in the workplace by eliminating unfair discrimination and addressing historical inequalities. While the EEA provides protections for employees and promotes a more representative workforce, it also imposes obligations and costs on employers to develop and implement employment equity plans and report on their progress. The Act may also result in tension and conflict in the workplace if employees perceive that employment equity measures are unfair or discriminatory. However, by complying with the EEA, businesses can enhance their reputation, reduce the risk of legal action and reputational damage, and create a more just and equitable society.
| Imposes obligations and costs on employers to develop and implement employment equity plans and report on their progress. | |
| May result in reverse discrimination in some cases, where employers prioritize the hiring or promotion of members of designated groups over other candidates. | |
| May lead to tension and conflict in the workplace if employees perceive that employment equity measures are unfair or discriminatory. | |
| May be difficult for smaller businesses or those with limited resources to comply with the requirements of the Act. | |
| May not be effective in achieving the objectives of the Act if employers do not take employment equity seriously or do not implement the required measures effectively. |
Actions regarded as non – compliance by the EEA
Non-compliance with the Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998) can include actions such as:
- Failure to develop and implement an employment equity plan.
- Discriminating against employees based on their race, gender, age, disability, religion, or other grounds.
- Failure to analyze the demographics of the workforce and take steps to promote diversity and equality.
- Failure to report progress in achieving employment equity targets.
- Hindering or obstructing the implementation of the EEA.
- Failing to comply with an order or award issued under the EEA.
These actions can result in fines, legal action, and reputational damage for employers. It is important for employers to understand their obligations under the EEA and to take steps to ensure compliance.
Penalties/consequences for non – compliance to the EEA
Non-compliance with the Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998) can result in various penalties and consequences for employers. Here are some examples:
- Fines: Employers who are found to have contravened the EEA may be fined by the Department of Employment and Labour. The fines may be imposed per instance of non-compliance or per employee affected.
- Legal action: Non-compliance with the EEA can result in legal action taken against the employer, such as an application to the Labour Court.
- Reputational damage: Non-compliance with the EEA can damage an employer’s reputation and lead to negative publicity, which may affect their ability to attract and retain employees, as well as their relationship with customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders.
- Remedial action: Employers who are found to have contravened the EEA may be required to take remedial action, such as developing an employment equity plan or implementing corrective measures.
- Loss of government contracts: Employers who are found to have contravened the EEA may be disqualified from receiving government contracts or tenders.
Overall, non-compliance with the EEA can result in significant financial and reputational consequences for employers. It is important for employers to understand their obligations under the Act and to take steps to ensure compliance, such as developing and implementing an employment equity plan, avoiding discriminatory practices, and reporting on their progress.
Ways in which businesses can comply with the EEA
Here are some ways in which businesses can comply with the Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998):
- Develop and implement an employment equity plan: Employers can comply with the EEA by developing and implementing an employment equity plan that sets out their strategies and targets for promoting diversity and equality in the workplace.
- Analyze workforce demographics: Employers can comply with the EEA by analyzing their workforce demographics to identify areas where diversity and equity may need to be improved.
- Avoid discriminatory practices: Employers can comply with the EEA by avoiding discriminatory practices in employment, such as denying job opportunities based on discriminatory criteria.
- Consult with employees and trade unions: Employers can comply with the EEA by consulting with employees and trade unions on matters relating to employment equity and taking their input into account.
- Report on employment equity progress: Employers can comply with the EEA by submitting annual reports on their progress in achieving employment equity targets.
- Provide equal opportunities: Employers can comply with the EEA by providing equal opportunities for all employees, regardless of their race, gender, or other characteristics.
- Train employees and management: Employers can comply with the EEA by providing training to employees and management on employment equity and diversity issues.
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BUSINESS STUDIES PAPER 1 GRADE 12 QUESTIONS- NSC EXAMS PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS MAY/JUNE 2021
BUSINESS STUDIES PAPER 1 GRADE 12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS MAY/JUNE 2021
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
- Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.
- This question paper consists of THREE sections and covers TWO main topics. SECTION A: COMPULSORY SECTION B: Consists of THREE questions. Answer any TWO of the three questions in this section. SECTION C: Consists of TWO questions. Answer any ONE of the two questions in this section.
- Read the instructions for each question carefully and take note of what is required. Note that ONLY the first TWO questions in SECTION B and the FIRST question in SECTION C will be marked.
- Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. NO marks will be awarded for answers that are numbered incorrectly.
- Except where other instructions are given, answers must be written in full sentences.
- Use the mark allocation and nature of each question to determine the length and depth of an answer.
| SECTION | QUESTION | MARKS | TIME (minutes) |
| A: Objective-type questions COMPULSORY | 1 | 30 | 30 |
| B: THREE direct/indirect-type questions CHOICE: Answer any TWO. | 2 | 40 | 30 |
| 3 | 40 | 30 | |
| 4 | 40 | 30 | |
| C: TWO essay-type questions CHOICE: Answer any ONE. | 5 | 40 | 30 |
| 6 | 40 | 30 | |
| TOTAL | 150 | 150 | |
- Begin the answer to EACH question on a NEW page, e.g. QUESTION 1 – new page, QUESTION 2 – new page.
- You may use a non-programmable calculator.
- Write neatly and legibly.
SECTION A (COMPULSORY) QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.6 D. 1.1.1 Cosmetics Ltd complied with the … by providing the same work opportunities for people who are physically challenged.
- Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA), 1997 (Act 75 of 1997)
- Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998)
- Labour Relations Act (LRA), 1995 (Act 66 of 1995)
- Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Amendment Act (COIDA), 1997 (Act 61 of 1997)
1.1.2 Workers are entitled to a meal break of … minutes after five continuous hours of work.
1.1.3 Businesses add unrelated products to their existing products which may appeal to new customers. This is an example of a … diversification strategy.
- conglomerate
1.1.4 Mano and Sons used the … recruitment method when they advertised a vacancy on their business noticeboard.
1.1.5 The implementation of change on a wider scale by Themba Constructions is the … step of the PDCA model.
- act (5 x 2) (10)
1.2 Complete the following statements by using the word(s) provided in the list below. Write only the word(s) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.
| learnership; some control; management; headhunting; internship; opportunity; performance; no control; strength; walk-ins |
1.2.1 The owner of Luke Bed & Breakfast identified a/an … when Mandy Bed & Breakfast closed down. 1.2.2 Businesses have … over the market environment. 1.2.3 A/An … agreement includes practical work experience that can lead to a recognised occupational qualification. 1.2.4 A well-experienced auditor from Zaks Consultants received an employment offer from Zizi's Consultants. This is known as … 1.2.5 Adrian Manufacturers applied quality … when they measured the total output of each department against specified standards. (5 x 2) (10)
1.3 Choose a description from COLUMN B that matches a term in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–J) next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.5) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.3.6 K.
| 1.3.1 Overtime 1.3.2 Skills development levy 1.3.3 Screening 1.3.4 Quality 1.3.5 Dismissal | A termination of an employment contract due to restructuring B number of goods and services that satisfy the needs of customers C workers are allowed to work 11 hours per week outside their normal working hours D employers and employees contribute 1% of their payroll to SARS to train employees E candidates' skills and abilities are matched with the requirements of the job F workers are allowed to work three hours per day outside their normal working hours G ability of goods to meet the specific needs of customers H employers contribute 1% of their payroll to SARS to train employees I candidates' application forms are checked against the requirements of the job J termination of an employment contract due to misconduct |
(5 x 2) (10) TOTAL SECTION A: 30 SECTION B Answer ANY TWO questions in this section.
NOTE: Clearly indicate the QUESTION NUMBER of each question that you choose. The answer to EACH question must start on a NEW page, e.g. QUESTION 2 on a NEW page, QUESTION 3 on a NEW page.
QUESTION 2: BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS 2.1 Name any TWO provisions of leave as stipulated in the Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA), 1997 (Act 75 of 1997). (2) 2.2 Outline the rights of employees in terms of the Labour Relations Act (LRA), 1995 (Act 66 of 1995). (6) 2.3 Identify the PESTLE elements that pose a challenge to Berry Farm in EACH of the following statements:
2.3.1 Employees are unable to operate the modern machinery that has been purchased recently. 2.3.2 Management received a fine for dumping their waste material in the river. 2.3.3 Berry Farm can no longer export their products due to the unfavourable exchange rate. (6)
2.4 Explain the purpose of the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Amendment Act (COIDA), 1997 (Act 61 of 1997). (6) 2.5 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow.
|
2.5.1 Quote TWO penalties imposed on MB for non-compliance with the National Credit Act (NCA), 2005 (Act 34 of 2005) from the scenario above. (2) 2.5.2 Describe the positive impact of the National Credit Act on businesses. (6)
2.6 Discuss any TWO types of defensive strategies. (6) 2.7 Suggest ways in which businesses could comply with the Consumer Protection Act (CPA), 2008 (Act 68 of 2008). (6) [40]
QUESTION 3: BUSINESS OPERATIONS 3.1 State FOUR aspects that should be included in an employment contract. (4) 3.2 Outline the benefits of induction for businesses. (6) 3.3 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow.
|
3.3.1 Identify TWO components of a job analysis highlighted by Sipho Stationers. Motivate your answer by quoting from the scenario above.
Use the table below as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 3.3.1.
| |
3.3.2 Explain the advantages of external recruitment for businesses. (4)
3.4 Elaborate on the meaning of quality management. (4) 3.5 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow.
The employees of Ikhaya Bricks Manufacturer are not adequately trained, resulting in the production of poor quality products. IBM is experiencing a decline in sales as more goods are returned by unhappy customers. The management of IBM maintains that the business has a good image regardless of these challenges |
3.5.1 Quote TWO results of poor implementation of TQM by IBM from the scenario above. (2) 3.5.2 Advise the management of IBM on the impact of TQM if poorly implemented, except for those quoted in QUESTION 3.5.1. (4)
3.6 Explain how the quality of performance of the administration function can contribute to the success of the business. (4) 3.7 Evaluate the impact of adequate financing and capacity as a total quality management (TQM) element on large businesses. (6) [40] QUESTION 4: MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS
4.1 Outline the role of SETAs. (4) 4.2 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow.
|
4.2.1 Identify the type of business sector in which CT and TD operate. Motivate your answer by quoting from the scenario above. Use the table below as a GUIDE to answer QUESTION 4.2.1.
| Carel Televisions (CT) | ||
| Thuli Distributors (TD) |
(6) 4.2.2 Explain the advantages of intensive strategies. (4)
4.3 Suggest ways in which businesses could apply enterprise and supplier development (ESD) as a BBBEE pillar in the workplace. (6)
BUSINESS OPERATIONS
4.4 State TWO salary determination methods that businesses could apply to remunerate their employees. (2) 4.5 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow.
|
4.5.1 Quote TWO roles of Suki, as the interviewer, before the interview, from the scenario above. (2) 4.5.2 Explain the purpose of an interview as a human resources activity. (6)
4.6 Discuss the importance of quality circles as part of continuous improvement to processes and systems. (4) 4.7 Advise businesses on the benefits of a good quality management system. (6) [40] TOTAL SECTION B: 80
SECTION C Answer ONE question in this section.
NOTE: Clearly indicate the QUESTION NUMBER of the chosen question. The answer to EACH question must start on a NEW page, e.g. QUESTION 5 on a NEW page OR QUESTION 6 on a NEW page.
QUESTION 5: BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS (BUSINESS STRATEGIES)
| Businesses need to develop suitable strategies to deal with challenges in the business environment. Integration strategies could be implemented in response to findings from applying Porter's Five Forces model. Businesses need to evaluate their strategies. |
Write an essay on business strategies in which you include the following aspects:
- Outline the steps in developing a strategy.
- Discuss THREE types of integration strategies.
- Power of suppliers
- Power of competitors/Competitive rivalry
- Threat of substitution/Substitutes
- Advise businesses on the steps they should consider when evaluating strategies. [40]
QUESTION 6: BUSINESS OPERATIONS (QUALITY OF PERFORMANCE)
| A good management system includes the quality control and quality assurance of products. Businesses need to manage the purchasing and marketing functions so that the end product satisfies the customer. A sound knowledge of continuous improvement to processes and systems, as a total quality management (TQM) element, can reduce the cost of quality. |
Write an essay on quality of performance in which you address the following aspects:
- Outline the differences between quality control and quality assurance.
- Evaluate the impact of continuous improvement to processes and systems as a TQM element on large businesses.
- Suggest ways in which TQM can reduce the cost of quality. [40] TOTAL SECTION C: 40 GRAND TOTAL: 150
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Grade 12 Business Studies – Business Environments: Recent Legislation – Nature, aims and purpose of the Employment Equity Act
This video covers the topic Business Environments: Recent Legislation – Nature, aims and purpose of the Employment Equity Act in the Grade 12 Business Studies curriculum.
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Business Environments
Impact of recent legislation on business.
- Provisions of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act
- National Skills Development Strategy
- Employment Equity Act: Nature and aims
- Nature of BBBEE - CPA - NCA
- Impact of BBBEE - CPA - NCA
- Recent legislation (Feb 2021) | Onlangse wetgewing (Feb 2021)
Developing Strategies
- Developing Strategies - Important Tips
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- Defensive (Divestiture, Retrenchment & Liquidation)
- Diversification (Concentric, Horizontal & Conglomerate)
- Developing strategies
Business Ventures
Investment securities.
- What the learner must know; Terminology
- Functions of the JSE; Investment opportunities
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- Simple and compound interest
- Investment: Securities (22/07/2019)
- Investments: Securities: English (06/05/2024) | Afrikaans (07/05/2024)
Investments | Beleggings
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- Presentation of information | Aanbieding van inligting
Business Roles
- Professionalism and ethics
Concept of corporate social responsibility
- Introduction; Terminology (definitions); What the learner must know; Relationship betw. Social responsibility and the triple bottom line
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- Human Rights, Inclusivity and Environmental issues | Menseregte, Inklusiwiteit & Omgewingskwessies
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- Creative Thinking and problem solving | Kreatiewe Denke en Probleemoplossing
Management and Leadership | Bestuur en Leierskap
Business Operations
Human resources function.
- The role of the human resources department
- Menslike Hulpbronne Funksie
Quality of performance
- Quality of Performance | Gehalte prestasie
- Profesionalisme & etiek
Industrial Analysis tools
- Industrial tools (Environments: Micro, Market, Macro)
- PESTLE Analysis
- Porter’s Five Forces - Consolidation Question
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Exam preparation
- Paper 1: Business Environment; Business Operations | Vraestel 1: Besigheidsomgewings; Besigheidsbedrywighede
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Macro Economics
- 2023: Business Cycles
IMAGES
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The Employment Equity Act (EEA), 1998 (Act 55 of 1998) has had a significant impact on businesses in South Africa since its enactment. The Act aims to promote diversity and inclusivity in the workplace by eliminating unfair discrimination and addressing historical inequalities.
Employment Equity Act/EEA : The main aim of this Act is to ensure that equal job opportunities are given to all people regardless of race/culture/language/age/religion/disability etc. Affirmative Action . It was designed to ensure that suitable and qualified previously disadvantaged individuals are given equal job opportunities.
In this video, we cover the Employment Equity Act (EEA) for Grade 12 learners. We look at the following: Timeline: 00:00 Intro 00:33 The Purpose of the EEA 03:21 The Impact -...
Welcome to my channelIn today's video I will be going through and discussing the Employment Equity Act for Grade 12 in Business Studies. This video can also ...
BUSINESS STUDIES PAPER 1. GRADE 12. NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS. MAY/JUNE 2021. INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION. Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions. This question paper consists of THREE sections and covers TWO main topics. SECTION A: COMPULSORY. SECTION B: Consists of THREE questions.
Unlocking Employment Equity Act: Learn all about the legislation that's reshaping the South African workforce in this engaging video! Join us as we break dow...
1.1. estions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1. 1.1.1. business that employs 50 or more employees should ... submit an employment equity plan to the Department of Labour. pay employees lower wages/salaries. develop a black empowerment strategy.
This video covers the topic Business Environments: Recent Legislation – Nature, aims and purpose of the Employment Equity Act in the Grade 12 Business Studies curriculum.
Concept of corporate social responsibility. Introduction; Terminology (definitions); What the learner must know; Relationship betw. Social responsibility and the triple bottom line. Triple bottom line; Nature of CSR and CSI. Impact of CSR and CSI on businesses.
State the main purpose of the Employment Equity Act. Evaluate the impact of this Act on business operations. Propose TWO ways in which government can contribute to the