essay on youth festival

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Essay on The Value of Youth Festivals

The Value of Youth Festivals:

Youth is the backbone of a nation. They are the pillars on which the nation rests. It is in the fitness of things that their energy may be properly used. It can be done through the celebration of youth festivals. These festivals are an integral part of education.

Youth festival is an annual festival where young boys and girls from different schools assemble to take part in cultural and literary activities. These festivals have become a very important medium of interchange of culture and promotion of discipline. These festivals are celebrated at local, state, national and international levels.

These festivals help develop a proper understanding and appreciation of the culture, language and traditions of students of other regions. It helps in the exchange of views on art and culture. It creates a spirit of love and friendship.

Students from different schools organize cultural programmes, organize debates, declamation contests, political symposiums and music concerts. Students take part in dance, drama and music. These festivals widen the outlook of the students.

The youth festivals help the students conquer their shyness. They talk freely with one another. Students of both the sexes get an opportunity of mixing freely. This help in creating a proper understanding of the other sex. Sex starvation melts away.

Youth festivals stimulate competitive spirit. The youth of different states and countries come in contact with one another. These festivals provide an experiment in community living. This has great educative value.

Youth festival provides a very happy and cheerful atmosphere. It provides an opportunity for free expression of views. Students rise above the narrow walls of religionism. This helps in creating cordial relations and proper understanding between different regions.

It is a time to show a sense of discipline. But some students stage rowdyism. Male students become indisciplined when girls come on the stage. This is indeed bad taste. It is only a few students who indulge in such activity. This tendency should be curbed.

On the whole, youth festivals are very useful. What is required is the maintenance of proper discipline. This can be secured if the managers are strict.

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Essay on “Value of Youth Festivals” for Kids and Students, English, Paragraph, Speech for Class 8, 9, 10, 12, College and Competitive Exams.

Value of Youth Festivals

Youth are the pillars of a nation. Celebration of youth festivals should be a part of education.

Youth festival is a festival where young boys and girls from different backgrounds assemble to take part in literary and cultural activities. It is a good medium to understand and appreciate others’ cultures and traditions. These festivals do help in national integration.

Students from different backgrounds organize various programmes, debates, political symposiums and music concerts etc. These festivals broaden the outlook of the students.

These festivals help the students to overcome their shyness because it provides an opportunity for expression on various topics and it also stimulates competitive spirit between them.

Both from the point of view of national integration and the healthy development of youth, the importance of these types of festivals can hardly be over stressed.

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Youth Festivals, Culture, and Brotherhood

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✍️Essay on Festivals: Samples in 150, 250 Words

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• Nov 2, 2023

Festivals are the special occasions celebrated in every religion and country to follow their tradition . They are generally celebrated worldwide to pay tribute to God and Goddesses and to spread joy and positivity. India, known for its diversity and multiculturalism celebrates many festivals throughout the year. Festivals are the best part of the year as they contribute to the unity of the nation and add prosperity to the life of the people. India celebrates different categories of festivals such as regional festivals, seasonal festivals , annual festivals, and national festivals. Stay tuned and read the following essay on festivals!

Also Read: Speech on Dussehra in English

 Essay on Festivals of India 200 Words

Festivals in India are celebrated with great zeal. Indian festivals are worth witnessing as they are the most popular and colourful festivals. Be it Holi, the Queen Festival of Colours or Diwali the festival of crackers and rangoli, all are marked with great historical significance that tells about Indian Mythology. One of the most popular and biggest festivals in the world, Kumbh Mela, is also celebrated in India, where millions of devotees gather to offer their prayers.

Every festival has its own story and belief. People follow and respect their traditional values and do fasting on festivals like Chhath Puja , Govardhan Puja , Bhai Dooj , and Karwachauth. All these Indian festivals play an important role in uniting people belonging to different cultures in the same society. 

Apart from these festivals, Onam, Dussehra , Christmas, New Year, Raksha Bandha, etc are also celebrated in India. Republic Day , Gandhi Jayanti , and Independence Day are the National festivals of India which are government holidays in the Indian Calendar. 

Religious festivals include Eid-Ul-Fitr which ends with Ramadan celebrated by the Muslim community, Guru Nanak Jayanti held on 27 November 2023 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji celebrated by Sikhs, and Christmas celebrated on 25 December every year by Christians. 

Also Read: Why is Onam Celebrated: The Festival of Joy in Kerala 

Essay in Festivals 250 Words

India’s rich diversity and festivals unite people from different backgrounds. It joins people from different states and religions in a single thread for the celebration. Every occasion in India and different countries is celebrated with happiness and joy. Festivals bring joy and prosperity and create a sense of oneness.

The Kumbh Mela is one of the largest festivals in the world, which takes place at four pilgrimage sites in India; Ujjain, Prayagraj, Haridwar and Nashik. On this occasion, devotees take a ritual dip in the holy rivers of Shipra in Ujjain, Ganga-Yamuna-Sarasvati in Prayagraj, the Ganges in Hardwar, and Godavari in Nasik.

People follow the tradition of exchanging sweets and gifts on special occasions. National festivals are marked as Government holidays such as 2 October celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti, 26 January celebrated as Republic Day, and 15 August celebrated as Independence Day.

One thing which you find common in all festivals is cleaning the house, decorating, and worshipping God. Festivals are auspicious occasions that bring good health, wealth, joy, and prosperity into the lives of people. 

Apart from the National festivals, Pongal, Onam, Baisakhi and Bihu celebrated in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Punjab and Assam respectively are the seasonal festivals celebrated with very high energy by the people of that particular state. Farmers in India worship God and Goddess of agriculture on such seasonal festivals to seek their blessings and wish for good yields for the successive years.

Thus, the festivals in the given essay on festivals tell about various cultures and diversity in a particular country and about the customs followed by the people in festivals to make them grand and happening.

Also Read: Importance of Makar Sankranti

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Festivals hold a significant role in the human life. They are important to continue the traditional culture, religion, and practices of that particular religion and region. It plays a key role in uniting people and filling up the communication gaps thereby increasing the social dependency of people.

Festivals are extraordinary events celebrated to commemorate the traditions followed by our ancestors. It holds a significant role in joining the society and passing on the traditions to the future generations. They create an ambience of positivity, joy, and prosperity all around. Every region and religion follows their own festivals worldwide. 

Festivals are the source of happiness. They are the best part of the year. Festivals are celebrated with people belonging to different cultures and religions and it helps in uniting them and enjoying the feeling of oneness and togetherness. 

Here are 10 lines on why we celebrate festivals: Festivals are a chance for everyone to unite for a cause; It is considered auspicious to conduct prayers and worship God and Goddess. ; People of different religions follow different customs and practices to celebrate festivals.; Festivals create a happy atmosphere all around; In India, people celebrate many festivals throughout the year; Holi and Diwali are the two main festivals in India; Decorating the surroundings, cleaning the house, worshipping god, wearing new clothes, and sharing good wishes, and gifts are some of the important elements of any festival; Festivals are considered incomplete without sweets; The special occasion builds friendship among the people and increases interdependency; These special days are celebrated with utmost pomp and enthusiasm. 

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Festivals and Their Importance for Modern Culture Essay

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A festival is an event that is characterized by celebration and removal from the daily routine: it is full of different rituals, artistic performances, and other actions that bring some deeper meaning. The roots of most festivals are in traditions, local and global cultures, and religious beliefs. Modern festivals are connected with modern mass culture, and their organizers are usually professional event managers: they can be considered commercial events. Festivals are an essential part of modern culture, and their meanings, rites, and rituals are still actual today.

Festivals are built on modern and ancient traditions; they consist of rites and rituals that can be considered “building blocks” of the festival; those are the ceremonial actions that have some more profound sense. For example, rites of passage symbolize the transition from one state to another; rites of reversal emerge as masquerades and shows; rites of consumption are feasts where people eat and drink together for the sake of something (Fallasi 4–5). Today, festivals are widely used for communication between different people and cultures: they are important events for socialization (Cudny 644). Traditional festivals, such as Latin fiesta, usually adopt elements of global Western culture, such as elements of pop music, in their conventional music performances (Martinez 02:00–02:30). Thematic festivals are trendy and vital for today’s culture: different music festivals, art and design festivals, and even sex festivals (Cudny 650-651). Thus, festivals are essential to contemporary culture; they bring new senses and purposes.

Modern-day festivals are widespread around the Earth, and they often combine the elements of local cultures and modern global culture. For example, as the immigrants from Latin America, such as Peru, migrate to the United States, they adopt the global culture associated with mass media and capitalism and bring it home (Martinez 34:57). International festivals became popular: they usually use the traditional elements and present them in a modern way, usually much more impressive and large-scale than original elements. The large fire shows and performances in Peruvian fiestas are awe-inspiring (Martinez 35:50–36:20). Traditional music played at such festivals combines elements of modern pop and rock music. Traditions became the marketing element: festivals are widely used to attract attention, promote goods, and connect people (Catherine M. Cameron 167–70). In that way, today’s festivals are much more than only traditional holidays of the past: they are organized on higher levels, are used for different purposes, bring different themes and senses, and connect other people.

The reasons festivals became widespread in the 20th century are the increased level of festival tourism, improved management methods of festival organization, and general sociocultural changes. In industrial societies, people are happy to escape from everyday routine to the festive and vibrant atmosphere (Cudny 646). Most modern festival organizers are professional marketers, project and event managers, and promoters, and they similarly organize festivals as any other commercial event (Catherine M. Cameron 170–71). Such commodification is often treated as “evil” and leads to the loss of deeper meanings and authenticity of the cultural heritage; in fact, it is the evolution of purposes and not losing them (C. M. Cameron 165–66). Thus, today’s festivals are large, bright, multicultural, and multipurpose events.

One can conclude that festivals are an essential part of modern culture and are widely used for recreation, socialization, connecting people, and self-expression. Contemporary festivals, developed from ancient ceremonial holidays, are bright, vibrant events that connect elements of different cultures. Different types of festivals are used for self-expression, enjoyment of music and other art, and other experiences. People love festivals, enabling them to escape the daily routine and plunge into a festive, vibrant atmosphere.

Works Cited

Cameron, C. M. “The Marketing of Heritage: From the Western World to the Global Stage.” City & Society , vol. 20, no. 2, 2008, pp. 160–68.

Cameron, Catherine M. “The Marketing of Tradition: The Value of Culture in American Life.” City & Society , vol. 1, no. 2, 1987, pp. 162–74.

Cudny, Waldemar. “The Phenomenon of Festivals. Their Origins, Evolution, and Classifications.” Anthropos , vol. 109, no. 2, 2014, pp. 640–56.

Fallasi, A. “Festival: Definition and Morphology.” Time out of Time , 1987, pp. 1–10.

Martinez, Wilton. “Transnational Fiesta – a Couple Attends a Traditional Festival in Peru.” Kanopy , uploaded by Documentary Educational Resources, 1992. Web.

Martinez, Wilton. “Transnational Fiesta: Twenty Years Later – the Evolution of Transmigrant Communities.” Kanopy , uploaded by Documentary Educational Resources, 2013. Web.

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IvyPanda. (2022, November 10). Festivals and Their Importance for Modern Culture. https://ivypanda.com/essays/festivals-and-their-importance-for-modern-culture/

"Festivals and Their Importance for Modern Culture." IvyPanda , 10 Nov. 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/festivals-and-their-importance-for-modern-culture/.

IvyPanda . (2022) 'Festivals and Their Importance for Modern Culture'. 10 November.

IvyPanda . 2022. "Festivals and Their Importance for Modern Culture." November 10, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/festivals-and-their-importance-for-modern-culture/.

1. IvyPanda . "Festivals and Their Importance for Modern Culture." November 10, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/festivals-and-their-importance-for-modern-culture/.

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Importance of Youth Festivals in Schools

Youth festival is typically a themed event that has a wide variety of activities for young people. Common festival themes include art, music, dance, film, games and academics. Some festivals require auditions and applications for performance and/or participation. Large events typically are held in schools, conference centers or outdoor areas.

Many youth festivals are hosted annually by schools, arts programs and religious organization’s in local, national and international locations. Youth festivals generally are theme-based, focusing on the arts, academics, games or social and religious topics.

A large youth festival that focuses on dance might expose young people to multiple styles of dance or might focus on a specific type of dancing. A youth film festival usually spotlights films created by young people on a variety of themes, including peer pressure, sexuality, abuse or popular culture. An academic youth festival typically focuses on a specific academic subject and allows young people to immerse themselves in the topic.

Cultural exchange also might be the focus of some international youth festivals.It is an annual festival of the youth for the youth and by the youth. The only exception is children and aged people also enjoy the festival. The best from among the contestants in each State contest for National honour.

The fields of competition include dance in its various forms, music-vocal and instrumental,solo and group.skits on relevant themes etc. All the representatives stay in one place, get to know the diversity of culture and find a common ground for solidarity. Event participation and application requirements vary by festival. Some youth festivals have invitation- only events that require pre-approval.

Performing at a youth festival typically requires advanced registration and contact with event coordinators. For events that involve competitions, in-person auditions might be re- quired, or applicants might be asked to submit a video or audio recording of the performance, Some events require prepayment of an admission fee and documents indicating that a chaperon will accompany the young attendee or a small group of attendees. The size and location of youth festival venues generally depend on the scope and theme of the particular events. A film festival typically is held indoors in a theater space.

Academic festivals usually are held in schools. A dance festival requires a large indoor space oF outdoor arena with access to a stage and a sound system. Events that involve listening to speakers and breaking up into discussion sessions typically are held in large conference centers that are equipped with presentation tools. Sponsors of youth festivals includes variety of groups and organization’s.

Money for the events might be raised through fund raising efforts and corporate sponsors or might be provided by festival admission fees. Academic events typically are sponsored by schools and education organization’s. Art and music schools sometimes host events to increase arts awareness among young people. Many religious organization’s host large events for youths to encourage fellowship and interaction with people of the same faith or other religions.

School Arts Festival of Kerala (Malayalam) is an annual event conducted by the state government of Kerala, featuring several art competitions for high school and higher secondary school students of Kerala. The festival was started in 1956, and till 2008, it was called as “Kerala State School Youth Festival”.

The participants are students from classes &8th to 12th, Winners from different revenue districts for a particular event will be competing in state level competition. The event is usually conducted in December-January months of a year. Kerala School Kalolsavam is a festival unique in its structure and organisation. The organisational set up from school level to state level for the conduct of the Kalolsavam is monitored by Education Department as per the manual drafted by experts in the field.

Looking back into the history of School Kalolsavam in the last 53 years it is seen that the Kalolsavam has refined much in letter and spirit. Students get opportunity to express their talent in school level, sub district level, district level and at last at state level. When performers reach state level, perfection reaches its zenith.

In the year 2000, Millennium trophy a beautiful dancing Nataraja trophy was introduced. Today there are numerous trophies, cash prizes, grace marks etc. to the winners. The system of Kalathilakam & Kalaprathiba was dispensed with to eliminate unhealthy competition.

The festival has a fool proof system to encourage thousands of students in various Art & Literary forms in each academic year. Perfect time management, impartial Judgement, on the spot arrangements to dispose of appeals etc. makes the art festival unique in all aspects.

Summary of Importance of Youth Festivals in Schools

From 2008-2009 it becomes a festival of students from Std. VIII to Plus 2 level. In a Nut Shell, School Kalolsavam is a Kaleidoscope of Kerala’s young talent in the field of Art and Literature. Each year the venue of the Kalolsavam is changed from one District to another to ensure the participation of the people throughout the state.

Nowadays School youth festival is similiar to stock exchange. Here competitions are held so seriously as in a battle field. Youth festival must be a venue of many healthy competitions and a honest judgement must be made. So friends, Let us be more alert in preserving the discipline of the events like youth festival.

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103 Festival Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Festivals are a time for celebration, reflection, and coming together as a community. Whether it's a cultural, music, food, or art festival, there are endless topics to explore and write about. If you're looking for inspiration for your next festival essay, look no further than this list of 103 festival essay topic ideas and examples.

• The Impact of Music Festivals on Youth Culture
• Exploring the History of Mardi Gras
• The Evolution of Coachella: From Music Festival to Cultural Phenomenon
• The Significance of Diwali in Indian Culture
• A Guide to Celebrating Oktoberfest in Germany
• The Role of Food Festivals in Promoting Local Cuisine
• The Cultural Significance of the Chinese New Year Festival
• The Rise of Literary Festivals in the Digital Age
• The Impact of Festivals on Local Economies
• The Intersection of Art and Technology at Burning Man
• The History and Traditions of the Day of the Dead Festival
• The Environmental Impact of Music Festivals
• The Connection Between Festivals and Tourism
• The Role of Festivals in Preserving and Promoting Traditional Crafts
• The Influence of Festivals on Fashion Trends
• The Role of Festivals in Building Community
• The History and Evolution of Pride Parades
• The Cultural Significance of the Holi Festival in India
• The Rise of Virtual Festivals in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
• The Impact of Festivals on Mental Health and Wellbeing
• The Role of Festivals in Celebrating Diversity and Inclusion
• The Significance of Harvest Festivals in Different Cultures
• The History and Traditions of the Carnival of Venice
• The Influence of Festivals on Popular Culture
• The Role of Festivals in Promoting Social Change
• The Connection Between Festivals and Religion
• The Impact of Festivals on Local Communities
• The Rise of Food Truck Festivals in Urban Areas
• The Cultural Significance of the Rio de Janeiro Carnival
• The Evolution of Film Festivals in the Digital Age
• The Role of Festivals in Promoting Sustainability and Environmental Awareness
• The Influence of Festivals on Music Trends
• The History and Traditions of the Mid-Autumn Festival in China
• The Connection Between Festivals and Identity
• The Role of Festivals in Preserving and Promoting Indigenous Cultures
• The Significance of the Day of the Dead Festival in Mexico
• The Rise of Wellness Festivals in the Wellness Travel Industry
• The Cultural Significance of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival
• The Evolution of Beer Festivals in the Craft Beer Movement
• The Role of Festivals in Promoting Social Justice and Equality
• The Influence of Festivals on Dance Styles
• The History and Traditions of the Cherry Blossom Festival in Japan
• The Connection Between Festivals and Politics
• The Significance of the Fasching Festival in Germany
• The Rise of Music Festivals in Emerging Markets
• The Cultural Significance of the Inti Raymi Festival in Peru
• The Evolution of Literary Festivals in the Digital Age
• The Role of Festivals in Promoting Community Engagement and Participation
• The Influence of Festivals on Art Trends
• The History and Traditions of the Fiesta de San Fermin in Spain
• The Connection Between Festivals and Gender
• The Significance of the Lantern Festival in Taiwan
• The Rise of Virtual Reality Festivals in the Entertainment Industry
• The Cultural Significance of the Notting Hill Carnival in London
• The Evolution of Food Festivals in the Farm-to-Table Movement
• The Role of Festivals in Promoting Cross-Cultural Exchange
• The Influence of Festivals on Literature Trends
• The History and Traditions of the Midsummer Festival in Sweden
• The Connection Between Festivals and Technology
• The Significance of the Gion Matsuri Festival in Japan
• The Rise of Fashion Festivals in the Fashion Industry
• The Cultural Significance of the Kumbh Mela Festival in India
• The Evolution of Film Festivals in the Streaming Era
• The Role of Festivals in Promoting Environmental Conservation
• The Influence of Festivals on Photography Trends
• The History and Traditions of the Semana Santa

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Youth Festivals, Culture, and Brotherhood

• Dr. Vikram Kaushik
• Dr. Amit Sharma

Youth festivals are promoting art and culture. Students learn competitive nature during the festivals. Youth festival promotes brotherhood, national unity, and mutual respect. The main objective of the study is to know the association between geographical background of respondents and their opinion on culture and leadership qualities promotion. We did content analysis to collect data. We used codebook to categorize the variables. Result indicates that respondents think that the programs organized during the youth festival help the youth to connect with their local culture. Urban and rural respondents agreed that youth festival create awareness among the youth about the various cultures and arts of the country.         

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• A Brief History Of Saint...

A Brief History of Saint Petersburg’s Scarlet Sails Festival

A romantic festival, created to celebrate youth and congratulate school graduates on the beginning of their adult life journey, is now considered to be one of the best festivals in the world, attracting thousands of people every year from Russia and abroad. We are speaking about the famous Scarlet Sails Festival, and here is the history behind it.

First started in June 1968, the concept of the festival is based on the fairy tale by Alexander Green, Scarlet Sails . The romantic spirit, celebrating love, dreams and hope, was there from the beginning and still remains as the basis of the festival. The first edition of Scarlet Sails was attended by around 25,000 school graduates and became a hit, which set a tradition to organize the festival every June, during white nights. However, in 1979, the celebration was suspended, and returned only in 2005.

Nowadays, the festival organization is divided into two parts: it starts with a big concert on Dvortsovaya Square, followed by the spectacular show on the Neva River. Although the entrance to Dvortsovaya is invitation-only for school graduates, there is usually another stage on Vasilievsky Island where all other guests can join the concert while waiting for the main part of the festival.

The light and water show usually starts after midnight and is held on Neva River between Dvortsovyi Bridge, Peter and Paul Fortress and the Hermitage . Spectators can watch the show from the banks of the Neva River and bridges.

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The spectacular show lasts for about 20-30 minutes and involves an impressive range of elements: pyrotechnics, light, orchestra, water show and, of course, the culmination is the appearance of a beautiful ship under scarlet sails. All elements are synchronized with the music and with each other, so the crew of the ship is under a tremendous pressure to make sure the ship passes every milestone exactly on the precise second when it is planned to happen.

Nowadays, there are just a few ships that exist in the world that can manage the task of being a live symbol of Scarlet Sails Festival. From 2009, the ship under scarlet sails is the Swedish “Tre Kronor.” The sails are produced following traditional marine sail technology, the only difference being that the ones for the festival are a bit thinner than the real ones you would use to sail the sea.

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Every year, Scarlet Sails attracts between 1.5 to 3 million guests to the center of St Petersburg, to see one of the best city events of the year. From being a local celebration, the festival transformed into an international event, being shortlisted in several nominations of “ Best European Event Award ” and becoming a winner in the “Best City Event” category.

If you are planning your trip to St Petersburg around 15-25 June, make sure to check when the Scarlet Sails is being held. In 2018, it will be held on June 23. Once at the festival, bring some warm clothes as it still gets quite chilly at night in June, and come to the Neva embarkment quite early if you want to find a good spot – it gets really crowded.

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The World Youth Festival as a Soviet Cultural Product during the Cold War

This article discusses Soviet cultural diplomacy from the perspective of cultural production. It analyses a Soviet-sponsored international event, the World Festival of Youth and Students, as a cultural product created within the socialist system. The first festival was held in Prague in 1947, and the tradition continued throughout the Cold War period until today. Earlier scholarship has examined the festival as a propaganda tool, a forum for cross-cultural encounters, and a battlefield of the cultural Cold War between the capitalist West and the socialist East. Much has been written about individual world youth festivals and national delegations, while the design, cultural background and fundamental ideas behind the event have been much less acknowledged. By employing the concept of mega-event and comparing the festival with iconic international events, such as World’s Fairs and the Olympic Games, it discusses the festival’s composition and evolution, its reception, and how the even...

Related Papers

Phillip Deery

Andrada Fatu-Tutoveanu

The presentation focused on communist festivals and celebrations as associated with a specific visual stereotypes and a religious mimicked power iconography (we can speak of new rituals and civil religion), exhibiting the communist happiness “life has become more joyous, comrades” (Petrone, 2000). The paper uses a series of concepts and theories related to Soviet propaganda and in particular celebrations (Baiburin & Piir, 2009) and festivals (von Geldern, 1993; Petrone, 2000; Simpson, 2004). The case study is focused on a very interesting and genuine example of such events - the 4th World Festival of Youth and Students (WFYS) held in 1953, in Bucharest, Romania – rather ignored by research (with few exceptions, mainly the section dedicated by Ştefan Borbély as editor of a collective volume on totalitarianism and culture, Caietele Echinox, volume 7/2004). The presentation approaches the event both as a popular culture youth manifestation (and its specific features in the unusual context of a communist satellite country during the first decade of the Cold War) and the functions it played within propaganda. More specifically, it deals with the manner in which these were reflected in the discourse (including the visual rhetoric) promoted by the main periodicals of the time (particularly those with a cultural profile such as "Flacӑra" or those addressing young audiences, such as "Scânteia tineretului"). Archive documents are used to offer the unofficial reception of the festival among the foreign participants. Finally, the approach is based on perspectives and concepts related to popular culture which reveal that adapted and reinterpreted, prove to be extremely useful tools in approaching phenomena related to the former Eastern bloc and that the specificity of these manifestations offer interesting comparisons and open new debates.

Studies in European Cinema

Elena Razlogova

This article traces informal world cinema networks at Soviet film festivals. It argues that the cultural diplomacy approach, where state objectives determine the value of cultural exchange, fails to account for the full range of connections made at Soviet film festivals during the Cold War. Personal ties have been crucial to the development of film festivals and the cinematic movements they engendered. The Soviet state aimed to position Soviet cinema as a better alternative to decadent European and commercial Hollywood cinemas, and as a model for film cultures in socialist Eastern Europe and decolonization-era Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This article first demonstrates how the Moscow International Film Festival (1959-present) and the Tashkent Festival of Asian, African, and Latin American Cinema (1968–1988; Latin America included from 1976) constructed a more inclusive map of world cinema than major European film festivals at Cannes, Venice, and Berlin. It then shows how African, Cuban, and Vietnamese delegations forged informal alliances around the emergent Third Cinema (militant Third World cinema) movement at the 1967 Moscow festival. Strong unofficial connections formed by international festival guests transcended and contradicted the aims of Soviet cultural diplomacy.

Design and Culture

Anatoly Pinsky

Anthony Cash

The two major events in the USSR in 1957 were the launching of the Sputnik and the Moscow International Festival of Youth and Students. The article describes the latter.

Europe-Asia Studies

Kristiina Silvan

Journal of Contemporary History

Ville Soimetsä

Existing scholarship suggests that Stalin’s Great Terror of 1936–8 seriously undermined Soviet cultural diplomacy and forced its main promoter, the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS), to succumb to the strict control of the party and secret police. By contrast, this article argues that by the spring and summer of 1939 VOKS was recovering from stagnation and reintroducing customs from before the Great Terror. Through a micro-historical analysis of Finnish writer Olavi Paavolainen’s exceptionally long visit to the Soviet Union between May and August 1939, the article demonstrates how case studies of select VOKS operations can explain many of the dilemmas and peculiarities of Soviet cultural diplomacy during the thus far scantily researched 1939–41 period. By focusing on the interactions between Paavolainen, the VOKS vice-chairman Grigori Kheifets and Soviet writers, the article illustrates that after the purges, VOKS continued its efforts to disseminate a positive and controlled image of Soviet life by complex means that linked propaganda with network-building. Finally, the article highlights the role of individuals in cultural diplomacy and explores how an outsider perceived the Great Terror’s effects on Soviet cultural intelligentsia.

Paper presented at 2017 AAA annual meeting

Amy Austin Garey

This paper examines the Soviet-inflected ethical frameworks through which competitors, coaches, and audiences evaluate competitive post-Soviet comedy performances. The Club of the Cheerful and Clever (Klub Veselykh i Nakhodchivykh, or KVN) is a Soviet improv-cum-skit game that hundreds of thousands of primary school students, university students, and young professionals across the former USSR play—either casually, as in end-of-year school performances, or in leagues, just as youth in the United States compete at soccer tournaments. Competitors often describe participation in these games as “a high” or “a narcotic.” As one Ukrainian student put it, “When you say something and the audience blows up...it just takes away all the meanness, all the fatigue.” But the participation frameworks of KVN competitions revolve around pleasing communities rather than the self. The goal of going out on stage, one coach argued, was not to show off, find personal fulfillment, or even, strictly speaking, to entertain. It was to create a joyful atmosphere. “No audience member should leave empty-handed,” said another competitor in Ukraine. “They have to leave with some kind of joke, amusing song, something...they have to take something home with them. That’s our task.” This paper traces how the pro-happiness post-Soviet participation frameworks of these games interact with Soviet ideologies of moral personhood. Drawing on participant observation, interviews, and analysis of live performances, I discuss how competitors discursively reinforce the cultural capital associated with Soviet-marked values such as community, ethical relations, and creativity as they work to fashion themselves into ideal “KVNchiki” (cf. Yurchak 2006).

Patryk Babiracki

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White Nights

Although the phenomenon known as the "White Nights" is not unique to St. Petersburg, in no other northern city have they received such poetic and literary acclaim. What could be more romantic than a walk along the banks of the city's rivers and canals in almost broad daylight, no matter what the time of day? No other major European city can rival this experience nor the atmosphere on the streets of St. Petersburg during the summer months - lively, friendly, romantic and bustling with people throughout the night as well as the day!

From late May to early July the nights are bright in St. Petersburg, with the brightest period, the White Nights, normally lasting from June 11 th to July 2 nd . The White Nights (Beliye Nochi) are a curious phenomenon caused by St. Petersburg's very northerly geographical location - at 59 degrees 57' North (roughly on the same latitude as Oslo, Norway, the southern tip of Greenland and Seward, Alaska). St. Petersburg is the world's most northern city with a population over 1 million, and its stands at such a high latitude that the sun does not descend below the horizon enough for the sky to grow dark. In fact night becomes curiously indistinguishable from day, so much so that the authorities never need to turn the city's streetlights on!

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Festivals of India Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on festival of india.

Festivals are larger than life celebrations of various things. They occur at regular intervals and helping in breaking the monotony of life. Furthermore, they give you the chance to celebrate the little and big things in life. Festivals are the carriers of peace and joy in the communities. All nations of the world have certain religious and cultural festivals. However, India is one of the largest countries to celebrate numerous festivals. As India is a very cultural and diverse country , so are the festivals. They divide into three general categories of national, religious and seasonal.

Types of Indian Festivals

As we can divide the Indian festivals into national, religious and seasonal, we see how they differ from each other. In general, national festivals are celebrated in honor of reputable people and events. The religious ones follow legends of faiths and their beliefs. The seasonal ones are celebrated with each season that we experience that varies from region to region.

National Festivals

Moreover, they help in setting aside the differences of the countrymen and unite each other like never before. The capital of India, New Delhi is the seat of national festivals. For instance, it witnesses the grand parade of the Republic Day. The flag hoisting takes place in New Delhi, which is broadcasted on national television for the whole country to see.

Religious Festivals

The religious festivals are one of the most famous festivals not only throughout India but over the world. Some of the most prominent religious festivals are Diwali, Eid-Ul-Fitr, Christmas, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Holi and many more. Diwali and Holi are the most prominent festivals of the Hindu religion. They are very colorful and full of lights.

Next up, Eid-Ul-Fitr is an Islamic festival which celebrates the end of Ramadan. It is about delectable dishes and family gatherings. Christmas celebrates the birthday of Jesus Christ. Furthermore, it is about Christmas trees and Santa Claus. Guru Nanak Jayanti celebrates the birthday of Guru Nanak Dev.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Seasonal Festivals

Finally, the particular regions of the country celebrate seasonal festivals. For instance, Bihu is a festival of Assam. Likewise, Tamil Nadu celebrates Pongal. In addition, there is Basant Panchami which people celebrate through North India and West Bengal as well.

Importance of Festivals

Festivals are very important. They make us forget our cultural and religious differences . They unite people and they come together for the sole purpose of celebration and happiness. Other than that, festivals also help us embrace our culture and religion. They are very helpful in breaking the monotony of life.

Moreover, people look forward to festivals all-round the year. Festivals spark joy and give people something to look forward to. In addition, people also repair their homes and paint them that look like brand new. It beautifies the look of the locality.

In short, festivals fill our lives with colors and enthusiasm. They bring us closer every year and eliminate any feelings of communal hatred. Further, they strengthen the bonds of the community and remove the malice from people’s hearts. Therefore, festivals are quite important and must be celebrated with passion.

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Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History Essays

Saint petersburg.

Ewer and basin (lavabo set)

Probably made at Chisinau Court Workshop

Andrei Nikiforovich Voronikhin

Alexander Danilovich Menshikov (1673–1729)

Unknown Artist, Swiss, Austrian, or German, active Russia ca. 1703–4

Samuel Margas Jr.

The Empress Elizabeth of Russia (1709–1762) on Horseback, Attended by a Page

Attributed to Georg Christoph Grooth

Table snuffbox

Niello scenes after a print entitled Naufrage (Shipwreck) by Jacques de Lajoüe , published in Paris 1736

Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet) (1694–1778)

Jean Antoine Houdon

Imperial Porcelain Manufactory, St. Petersburg

Cup with cover and saucer

Two bottle coolers

Zacharias Deichman the Elder

Catherine II The Great, Empress of Russia

Jean-Baptiste Nini

Coffee service

Johan Henrik Blom

Tureen with cover

Tureen with cover and stand

Jacques-Nicolas Roettiers

Possibly by Pierre-François-Mathis de Beaulieu (for Jean Georges)

Pair of scallop-shell dishes

Sugar bowl (from a tea service)

Workshop of David Roentgen

Beaker and saucer

David Roentgen and Company in Saint Petersburg

Johann Friedrich Anthing

Drop-front desk (secrétaire à abattant or secrétaire en cabinet)

Attributed to Martin Carlin

Pair of Flintlock Pistols of Empress Catherine the Great (1729–1796)

Johan Adolph Grecke

Gardner Manufactory

Center table

Imperial Armory, Tula (south of Moscow), Russia

Female Shaman

Pair of vases

Nikolai Stepanovich Vereshchagin

Jugate busts of Czarevitch Paul and Maria Feodorovna of Russia

James Tassie

Wolfram Koeppe Department of European Sculpture and Decorative Arts, The Metropolitan Museum of Art

October 2003

The Birth of Saint Petersburg Russia, or “Muscovy” as it was often called, had rarely been considered a part of Europe before the reign of Czar Peter I (Piotr Alexeievich), known as Peter the Great (r. 1682–1725). His supremacy marked the beginning of the country’s “Westernization,” whereby the political, economic, and cultural norms of the western European monarchies would become the basis for “civilizing” Russia. A radical transformation was needed to launch Russia into the modern world, a transformation later called the Petrine Revolution. The young czar, feeling oppressed by the medieval traditions and ecclesiastical patriarchy of seventeenth-century Moscow, wanted to Westernize Russia in a hurry, defying the sluggish pace of history.

Saint Petersburg was born on May 16, 1703 (May 5 by the old Julian Russian calendar). On that day, on a small island on the north bank of the Neva River, Peter cut two pieces of turf and placed them cross-wise. The setting was inauspicious. The area was a swamp that remained frozen from early November to March, with an annual average of 104 days of rain and 74 days of snow. The army, under the command of Alexander Menshikov ( 1996.7 ), had conquered the region shortly before. To show his gratitude, the czar later appointed Menshikov the first governor-general of Saint Petersburg. The fortification of the territory kept the Swedish enemy at bay and secured for Russia permanent access to the Baltic Sea. The partially ice-free harbor would be crucial to further economic development. All buildings on the site were erected on wooden poles driven into the marshy, unstable ground. Stones were a rare commodity in Russia, and about as valuable as precious metals.

The Dutch name “Piterburkh” (later changed to the German version, “Petersburg”) embodied the czar’s fascination with Holland and its small-scale urban architecture. He disliked patriarchal court ceremony and felt at ease in the bourgeois domestic life that he experienced during his travels throughout Europe on “the Great Embassy” (1697–98). However, the primary purpose of this voyage was to acquire firsthand knowledge of shipbuilding—his personal passion—and to learn about progressive techniques and Western ideas.

The victory over the Swedish army at Poltava in June 1709 elevated Russia to the rank of a European power, no longer to be ignored. Peter triumphed: “Now with God’s help the final stone in the foundation of Saint Petersburg has been laid.” By 1717, the city’s population of about 8,000 had tripled, and grew to around 40,000 by the time of Peter’s death in 1725. Saint Petersburg had become the commercial, industrial, administrative, and residential “metropolis” of Russia. By the 1790s, it had surpassed Moscow as the empire’s largest urban vicinity and was hailed as the “Venice of the North,” an allusion to the waterway system around the local “Grand Canal,” the Neva River.

Peter the Great’s Successors The short reign of Peter’s second wife, Empress Catherine I (r. 1725–27), who depended on her long-time favorite Menshikov, saw the reinstatement of the luxurious habits of the former imperial household. The archaic and ostentatious court display in the Byzantine tradition  that Peter had so despised was now to be restored under the pretext of glorifying his legacy. Enormous sums of money were lavished on foreign luxury items, demonstrating the court’s new international status and its observance of western European manners ( 68.141.133 ).

During the reigns of Empress Anna Ioannovna (r. 1730–40), niece of Peter I ( 1982.60.330a,b ), and her successor Elizabeth (Elizaveta Petrovna, r. 1741–62; 1978.554.2 ), Peter’s daughter, Saint Petersburg was transformed into a Baroque extravaganza through the talents of architect Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli (1700–1771) and other Western and Russian artisans. Foreign powers began to recognize Russia’s importance and competed for closer diplomatic relations. Foreign immigrants increased much faster than the local population, as scholars, craftsmen, artisans, and specialists of all kinds flocked to the country, and especially to Saint Petersburg ( 65.47 ; 1982.60.172,.173 ; 1995.327 ).

Catherine the Great (r. 1762–96) In a coup d’état assisted by the five Orloff brothers ( 33.165.2a–c ; 48.187.386,.387 ), Catherine II overthrew her husband, the ill-fated Peter III (r. 1762) and became empress. Catherine saw herself as the political heir of Peter the Great. A German-born princess of Anhalt-Zerbst who, after her marriage, became more Russian than any native, Catherine aimed at completing Peter’s legacy ( 52.189.11 ; 48.73.1 ). Having lived in isolation in the shadow of Elizabeth I since her marriage to the grand duke in 1745, the time had come to satisfy her thirst for life and her insatiable quest for culture and international recognition. An admirer of the Enlightenment and devoted aficionada of Voltaire’s writings, Catherine stimulated his cult in Russia ( 1972.61 ). In response, the French philosopher dedicated a poem to the czarina; her reply, dated October 15, 1763, initiated a correspondence that influenced the empress on many matters until Voltaire’s death in 1778. The hothouse cultural climate of Saint Petersburg during Catherine’s reign can be compared to the artistic and intellectual ferment in New York City in the second half of the twentieth century.

Catherine’s desire to enhance her fame and her claim to the throne was immortalized by her own witty play on words in Latin: “Petro Primo / Catharina Secunda” (To Peter the First / from Catherine the Second). This she had inscribed on the vast lump of granite in the form of a wave supporting the Bronze Horseman on the banks of the Neva in front of Saint Isaac’s Cathedral in Saint Petersburg. This triple-lifesize equestrian figure of Peter the Great took the French sculptor Falconet twelve years to complete, until it was finally cast—after three attempts—in 1782.

Catherine had military expansion plans for Russia and a cultural vision for its capital Saint Petersburg. Above all, she knew how to attract devoted supporters. Only nine days after the overthrow of her husband, Catherine wrote to Denis Diderot, offering to print his famous Encyclopédie , which had been banned in France. Catherine recognized the power of art to demonstrate political and social maturity. She acquired entire collections of painting ( Watteau , for example), sculpture, and objects. The empress avoided anything that could be called mediocre or small. With the help of sophisticated advisors, such as Prince Dmitrii Golitsyn, her ambassador in Paris, Denis Diderot, Falconet, and the illustrious Baron Friedrich Melchior von Grimm, the empress assembled the core of today’s State Hermitage Museum. Catherine favored luxury goods from all over Europe ( 33.165.2a–c ; 48.187.386,.387 ; 17.190.1158 ). She commissioned Sèvres porcelain and Wedgwood pottery as well as hundreds of pieces of ingeniously conceived furniture from the German manufactory of David Roentgen in Neuwied ( 48.73.1 ). Furthermore, she encouraged and supported Russian enterprises and craftsmen, like local silversmiths ( 47.51.1–.5 ; 1981.367.1,.2 ) and the Imperial Porcelain Manufactory ( 1982.60.171 ; 1982.60.177,.178 ; 1982.60.175 ), as well as privately owned manufactories ( 1982.60.158 ). Catherine especially liked the sparkling decorative products of the Tula armory steel workshop ( 2002.115 ), genuine Russian art forms with a fairy-tale-like appearance, and in 1775 merged her large collection of Tula objects with the imperial crown jewels in a newly constructed gallery at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg.

Catherine’s son and successor Paul I (Pavel Petrovich, r. 1796–1801) disliked his mother and her aesthetic sensibility ( 1998.13.1,.2 ). As grand duke, he had spent most of his time with his second wife Maria Feodorovna ( 1999.525 ) outside of Saint Petersburg, in Gatchina Palace and Pavlovsk Palace. These they transformed into the finest Neoclassical architectural gems in Europe ( 1976.155.110 ; 2002.115 ).

Koeppe, Wolfram. “Saint Petersburg.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/stpt/hd_stpt.htm (October 2003)

Further Reading

Cracraft, James. The Petrine Revolution in Russian Imagery . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

Koeppe, Wolfram, and Marina Nudel. "An Unsuspected Bust of Alexander Menshikov." Metropolitan Museum Journal 35 (2000), pp. 161–77.

Shvidkovsky, Dmitri, and Alexander Orloff. St. Petersburg: Architecture of the Tsars . New York: Abbeville, 1995.

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Essay on The Festival You Like Most

Students are often asked to write an essay on The Festival You Like Most in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on The Festival You Like Most

The festival you like most.

Every year, the festival I enjoy the most is Diwali.

Meaningful Celebrations

Decorations and lights.

The houses are decorated with colorful rangolis and bright lights, creating a festive atmosphere.

Delicious Food

One of the best parts is the delicious food, especially the sweets like laddoos and jalebis.

Traditions and Customs

Diwali also involves performing rituals and prayers, making it a spiritual and traditional occasion.

Closing Thoughts

Overall, Diwali is a festival that fills my heart with happiness and warmth every year.

250 Words Essay on The Festival You Like Most

One festival that I truly enjoy is Diwali, the festival of lights celebrated in India. It is a time of happiness, colors, and joy for everyone.

Decorations

During Diwali, homes and streets are adorned with beautiful lights and colorful rangoli designs. The sight of diyas (earthen lamps) flickering in the darkness is mesmerizing.

Family and Friends

Diwali brings families and friends together. We exchange gifts, sweets, and good wishes. It is a time for bonding and creating wonderful memories.

One of the best parts of Diwali is the delicious food. From sweets like ladoos and jalebis to savory snacks like samosas, the feast during Diwali is a treat for the taste buds.

Traditions and Rituals

Diwali is also a time for prayers and rituals. We worship Goddess Lakshmi for prosperity and well-being. The puja ceremonies add a spiritual essence to the celebrations.

In conclusion, Diwali is a festival that brings people together in a spirit of joy and togetherness. It is a time to spread love, light, and happiness in the lives of everyone around us.

500 Words Essay on The Festival You Like Most

The bright and colorful decorations, delicious sweets and treats.

Diwali is also a time for indulging in delicious sweets and treats. From mouth-watering ladoos and jalebis to crispy samosas and aromatic biryanis, the festival is a feast for the taste buds. The aroma of sweets being prepared fills the air, adding to the festive spirit and creating a sense of anticipation and delight.

Family and Community Bonding

The joy of giving.

One of the most fulfilling aspects of Diwali is the joy of giving. Whether it’s distributing sweets to neighbors, donating to the less fortunate, or sharing gifts with loved ones, the act of giving during Diwali fills the heart with happiness and contentment. It reinforces the values of kindness, generosity, and compassion.

The Spectacular Fireworks Display

As the sun sets on Diwali night, the sky comes alive with a spectacular fireworks display. Bright colors and dazzling lights fill the sky, creating a mesmerizing sight that captivates both young and old. The crackling sounds of fireworks add to the festive ambiance, symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness.

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