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- Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples
Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples
Published on May 29, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on August 23, 2023.
Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. They help the reader to follow your arguments by expressing the relationships between different sentences or parts of a sentence.
The proposed solution to the problem did not work. Therefore , we attempted a second solution. However , this solution was also unsuccessful.
For clear writing, it’s essential to understand the meaning of transition words and use them correctly.
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Table of contents
When and how to use transition words, types and examples of transition words, common mistakes with transition words, other interesting articles.
Transition words commonly appear at the start of a new sentence or clause (followed by a comma ), serving to express how this clause relates to the previous one.
Transition words can also appear in the middle of a clause. It’s important to place them correctly to convey the meaning you intend.
Example text with and without transition words
The text below describes all the events it needs to, but it does not use any transition words to connect them. Because of this, it’s not clear exactly how these different events are related or what point the author is making by telling us about them.
If we add some transition words at appropriate moments, the text reads more smoothly and the relationship among the events described becomes clearer.
Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Consequently , France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. The Soviet Union initially worked with Germany in order to partition Poland. However , Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.
Don’t overuse transition words
While transition words are essential to clear writing, it’s possible to use too many of them. Consider the following example, in which the overuse of linking words slows down the text and makes it feel repetitive.
In this case the best way to fix the problem is to simplify the text so that fewer linking words are needed.
The key to using transition words effectively is striking the right balance. It is difficult to follow the logic of a text with no transition words, but a text where every sentence begins with a transition word can feel over-explained.
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There are four main types of transition word: additive, adversative, causal, and sequential. Within each category, words are divided into several more specific functions.
Remember that transition words with similar meanings are not necessarily interchangeable. It’s important to understand the meaning of all the transition words you use. If unsure, consult a dictionary to find the precise definition.
Additive transition words
Additive transition words introduce new information or examples. They can be used to expand upon, compare with, or clarify the preceding text.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Addition | We found that the mixture was effective. , it appeared to have additional effects we had not predicted. | indeed, furthermore, moreover, additionally, and, also, both and , not only but also , , in fact |
Introduction | Several researchers have previously explored this topic. , Smith (2014) examined the effects of … | such as, like, particularly, including, as an illustration, for example, for instance, in particular, to illustrate, especially, notably |
Reference | The solution showed a high degree of absorption. , it is reasonable to conclude that … | considering , regarding , in regard to , as for , concerning , the fact that , on the subject of |
Similarity | It was not possible to establish a correlation between these variables. , the connection between and remains unclear … | similarly, in the same way, by the same token, in like manner, equally, likewise |
Clarification | The patient suffered several side effects, increased appetite, decreased libido, and disordered sleep. | that is (to say), namely, specifically, more precisely, in other words |
Adversative transition words
Adversative transition words always signal a contrast of some kind. They can be used to introduce information that disagrees or contrasts with the preceding text.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Conflict | The novel does deal with the theme of family. , its central theme is more broadly political … | but, however, although, though, equally, by way of contrast, while, on the other hand, (and) yet, whereas, in contrast, (when) in fact, conversely, whereas |
Concession | Jones (2011) argues that the novel reflects Russian politics of the time. this is correct, other aspects of the text must also be considered. | even so, nonetheless, nevertheless, even though, on the other hand, admittedly, despite , notwithstanding , (and) still, although, , regardless (of ), (and) yet, though, granted |
Dismissal | It remains unclear which of these hypotheses is correct. , it can be inferred that … | regardless, either way, whatever the case, in any/either event, in any/either case, at any rate, all the same |
Emphasis | The chemical is generally thought to have corrosive properties. , several studies have supported this hypothesis. | above all, indeed, more/most importantly |
Replacement | The character of Godfrey is often viewed as selfish, self-absorbed. | (or) at least, (or) rather, instead, or (perhaps) even, if not |
Causal transition words
Causal transition words are used to describe cause and effect. They can be used to express purpose, consequence, and condition.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Consequence | Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. | therefore, because (of ), as a result (of ), for this reason, in view of , as, owing to x, due to (the fact that), since, consequently, in consequence, as a consequence, hence, thus, so (that), accordingly, so much (so) that, under the/such circumstances, if so |
Condition | We qualified survey responses as positive the participant selected “agree” or “strongly agree.” , results were recorded as negative. | (even/only) if/when, on (the) condition that, in the case that, granted (that), provided/providing that, in case, in the event that, as/so long as, unless, given that, being that, inasmuch/insofar as, in that case, in (all) other cases, if so/not, otherwise |
Purpose | We used accurate recording equipment our results would be as precise as possible. | to, in order to/that, for the purpose of, in the hope that, so that, to the end that, lest, with this in mind, so as to, so that, to ensure (that) |
Sequential transition words
Sequential transition words indicate a sequence, whether it’s the order in which events occurred chronologically or the order you’re presenting them in your text. They can be used for signposting in academic texts.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Enumeration | This has historically had several consequences: , the conflict is not given the weight of other conflicts in historical narratives. , its causes are inadequately understood. , … | first, second, third… |
Initiation | , I want to consider the role played by women in this period. | in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, at first |
Continuation | , I discuss the way in which the country’s various ethnic minorities were affected by the conflict. | subsequently, previously, eventually, next, before , afterwards, after , then |
Conclusion | , I consider these two themes in combination. | to conclude (with), as a final point, eventually, at last, last but not least, finally, lastly |
Resumption | my main argument, it is clear that … | to return/returning to , to resume, at any rate |
Summation | Patel (2015) comes to a similar conclusion. , the four studies considered here suggest a consensus that the solution is effective. | as previously stated/mentioned, in summary, as I have argued, overall, as has been mentioned, to summarize, briefly, given these points, in view of , as has been noted, in conclusion, in sum, altogether, in short |
Transition words are often used incorrectly. Make sure you understand the proper usage of transition words and phrases, and remember that words with similar meanings don’t necessarily work the same way grammatically.
Misused transition words can make your writing unclear or illogical. Your audience will be easily lost if you misrepresent the connections between your sentences and ideas.
Confused use of therefore
“Therefore” and similar cause-and-effect words are used to state that something is the result of, or follows logically from, the previous. Make sure not to use these words in a way that implies illogical connections.
- We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. Therefore , the average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.
The use of “therefore” in this example is illogical: it suggests that the result of 7.5 follows logically from the question being asked, when in fact many other results were possible. To fix this, we simply remove the word “therefore.”
- We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. The average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.
Starting a sentence with also , and , or so
While the words “also,” “and,” and “so” are used in academic writing, they are considered too informal when used at the start of a sentence.
- Also , a second round of testing was carried out.
To fix this issue, we can either move the transition word to a different point in the sentence or use a more formal alternative.
- A second round of testing was also carried out.
- Additionally , a second round of testing was carried out.
Transition words creating sentence fragments
Words like “although” and “because” are called subordinating conjunctions . This means that they introduce clauses which cannot stand on their own. A clause introduced by one of these words should always follow or be followed by another clause in the same sentence.
The second sentence in this example is a fragment, because it consists only of the “although” clause.
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. Although other researchers disagree.
We can fix this in two different ways. One option is to combine the two sentences into one using a comma. The other option is to use a different transition word that does not create this problem, like “however.”
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed, although other researchers disagree.
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. However , other researchers disagree.
And vs. as well as
Students often use the phrase “ as well as ” in place of “and,” but its usage is slightly different. Using “and” suggests that the things you’re listing are of equal importance, while “as well as” introduces additional information that is less important.
- Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf, as well as presenting my analysis of To the Lighthouse .
In this example, the analysis is more important than the background information. To fix this mistake, we can use “and,” or we can change the order of the sentence so that the most important information comes first. Note that we add a comma before “as well as” but not before “and.”
- Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf and presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse .
- Chapter 1 presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse , as well as discussing some background information on Woolf.
Note that in fixed phrases like “both x and y ,” you must use “and,” not “as well as.”
- Both my results as well as my interpretations are presented below.
- Both my results and my interpretations are presented below.
Use of and/or
The combination of transition words “and/or” should generally be avoided in academic writing. It makes your text look messy and is usually unnecessary to your meaning.
First consider whether you really do mean “and/or” and not just “and” or “or.” If you are certain that you need both, it’s best to separate them to make your meaning as clear as possible.
- Participants were asked whether they used the bus and/or the train.
- Participants were asked whether they used the bus, the train, or both.
Archaic transition words
Words like “hereby,” “therewith,” and most others formed by the combination of “here,” “there,” or “where” with a preposition are typically avoided in modern academic writing. Using them makes your writing feel old-fashioned and strained and can sometimes obscure your meaning.
- Poverty is best understood as a disease. Hereby , we not only see that it is hereditary, but acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.
These words should usually be replaced with a more explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement relates to the preceding one.
- Poverty is best understood as a disease. Understanding it as such , we not only see that it is hereditary, but also acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.
Using a paraphrasing tool for clear writing
With the use of certain tools, you can make your writing clear. One of these tools is a paraphrasing tool . One thing the tool does is help your sentences make more sense. It has different modes where it checks how your text can be improved. For example, automatically adding transition words where needed.
If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or writing rules make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!
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200+ Linking Words – Full List, Examples
| Candace Osmond
Candace Osmond
Candace Osmond studied Advanced Writing & Editing Essentials at MHC. She’s been an International and USA TODAY Bestselling Author for over a decade. And she’s worked as an Editor for several mid-sized publications. Candace has a keen eye for content editing and a high degree of expertise in Fiction.
Worried that your essay lacks structure and coherence? Perhaps you should use linking words, transition words, or connectors to give it a boost.
Linking words join separate sentences to improve writing flow. You can also find them mid-sentence to connect clauses.
Read on as I show you the definition and types of linking words in English. I also list examples of linking words under every category, and I whipped up a helpful worksheet to test your skills.
What Are Linking Words?
Linking words, transition words, or connecting words in the English language help connect ideas and sentences when speaking or writing.
Linking words and phrases are connectors or transitional phrases. They are also part of formal language, so you’ll find them in academic writing, opinion writing, critical essays, dialectic essays , journalism, and business documents.
Some linking verbs link clauses within a sentence, such as although, in case, and whatever. That means you can find them in the middle of sentences from time to time. Others link two complete sentences, such as besides, as a result, and however.
List of Transition Words
Now that you know the meaning of transition words, let’s look at the usage of transition words in sentences and clauses. Don’t worry, I’ll break it all down for you!
Below, I’ve got a list of linking words and phrases to serve as alternative choices for connecting ideas in writing. Note that there are several types of transition words which we will discuss later.
Agreement/Addition/Similarity
Linking words may help the reader understand additional comments or ideas in a statement. They may also express agreement or similarities. These words are also called additive transition words, commonly found in expository essays and narrative essays.
- In the first place
- As a matter of fact
- In like manner
- In addition
- Not only, but also
- Coupled with
- In the same way
- In the same manner
- First, second, third
- Not to mention
- In the light of
- By the same token
- Additionally
- Correspondingly
- Furthermore
- Comparatively
- At the same time
- Together with
- Identically
Here are some examples of additive linking words in a sentence.
- The group found that a constructivist approach leads to higher test scores. Moreover, essay examinations show higher levels of learning.
- The resort has tennis courts. Furthermore, it has an Olympic pool.
Negative Ideas
Some linking words come in pairs to join negative ideas.
- Not, neither
- Neither, nor
Here are sentence examples of linking words showing negative ideas.
- I haven’t seen Lory, neither have I talked to her friend.
- I neither drink nor smoke.
Opposition/Limitation/Contradiction
Whereas some linking words show an extra idea, these transition phrases and words express contrasting ideas in writing.
- Although this may be true
- In contrast
- (and) still
- Notwithstanding
- Different from
- Of course…, but
- On the other hand
- On the contrary
- Be that as it may
- Nonetheless
- Even so/though
- Nevertheless
- In spite of
Here are some sentences with linking words of opposition.
- The short story can be analyzed using a functionalist lens. However, its historical theme is better understood with a critical perspective.
- As much as I want to go, I must take care of my sister.
Some linking words show relationships between ideas by accepting an idea with reservation instead of showing complete opposition. Here are some examples.
- All the same
- Regardless of this
- Up to a point
Here are some sentence examples.
- Many citizens opposed this unfair policy, which the president nevertheless enacted.
- I like him even if we have different views in life.
Cause/Condition/Purpose
You may also use linking words in your writing piece to show conditions and purpose for a logical flow of ideas. Words like reason get the reader ready to understand why. These words are commonly found in hypothesis essays.
- In the event that
- Granted (that)
- Provided that
- On (the) condition (that)
- For the purpose of
- With this intention
- With this in mind
- In the hope that
- Inasmuch as
- To the end that
- For fear that
- In order to
- Seeing/being that
- The researchers used this method so that the results would be valid, reliable, and aligned with the objectives.
- I will not be attending the seminar due to a high fever.
Examples/Support/Emphasis
You can also use transition words in your piece of writing that show examples or support of an idea.
- In other words
- To put it differently
- For one thing
- In particular
- As an illustration
- In this case
- For example
- For instance
- For this reason
- To put it another way
- To demonstrate
- That is to say
- With attention to
- By all means
- To emphasize
- To enumerate
- Particularly
- Significantly
- Specifically
- Surprisingly
- Important to realize
- Another key point
- On the negative side
- First thing to remember
- Must be remembered
- To point out
- Point often overlooked
- She visited several cities, namely Portland, Jacksonville, Charleston, and Hartford.
- Transition words improve writing flow. For instance, we use further to add extra ideas related to the previous statement.
Effect/Consequence/Result
You might also spot transitional devices for essays that show consequences, results, and effects.
- As a result
- In that case
- Under those circumstances
- Accordingly
- Consequently
Consider the examples below.
- We watered the plant for seven days. In effect, it grew three inches taller.
- Because she didn’t study for the test, Anna failed and had to retake it.
Conclusion/Summary/Restatement
These words and phrases show transitions between sentences to show conclusions. You’ll find these words in essay conclusions of different essay types.
- In simple language
- In explanation
- In lay terms
- In a nutshell
- As can be seen
- In simple terms
- Generally speaking
- All things considered
- As shown above
- In the final analysis
- In the long run
- In either case
- Given these points
- As has been noted
- In any event
- On the whole
- By and large
- For the most part
- In conclusion
- To summarize
Note that in lay terms and in explanation are formal alternative choices to “ in a nutshell.”
Here are some examples.
- Matter is a material that occupies space and has mass. In simple language, it is any physical substance.
- I don’t want to climb the corporate ladder. After all, money isn’t everything.
Time/Chronology/Sequence
Linking words’ other role in writing is to show sequence or chronology. Under the time category, these phrases add a meaning of time. You can find these words in an essay introduction when the writer explains how the paper is structured.
- In due time
- From time to time
- At the present time
- Sooner or later
- Up to the present time
- To begin with
- Straightaway
- In the meantime
- In a moment
- Without delay
- All of a sudden
- At this instant
- First, second
- By the time
- Immediately
- Occasionally
- I watched the movie on television. Eventually, I fell asleep.
- First, fill the pan with water. Then, bring it to a boil.
Space/Location/Place
The following transition words are famous adverbial expressions that limit or modify space. Some of these words and phrases are also transition words of time.
- In the middle of
- To the left/right
- In front of
- On this side
- In the distance
- In the foreground
- In the background
- In the center of
- Adjacent to
- Opposite to
Below are sentence examples using transition words of space.
- My house is located behind the building.
- To the left of the supermarket is a flower shop.
Common Mistakes With Transition Words
Transition words help you create a flow of arguments for readers to understand what you’re saying. But misused transition words and phrases will make your writing unclear. Avoid these mistakes to give your readers a better experience.
Starting a Sentence With So, And, and Also
Both so and and are coordinating conjunctions, which means they can start independent clauses that stand on their own. But it’s not recommended to use these words and also as sentence starters in formal writing. For example:
- Incorrect: Also, there are unauthorized charges on my credit card account.
- Correct: Furthermore, there are unauthorized charges on my credit card account.
Combination of Transition Words And/Or
When writing an essay, avoid English transition words and/or because it makes your paper look messy. Instead, consider whether you need both connectors or only one of them. If you need them both, try this alternative.
- Incorrect: boat and/or plane.
- Correct: boat, plane, or both.
Using As Well As as Alternative to And
As well as has a different meaning from the transition word and. And means you’re listing something of equal importance. Meanwhile, as well as is for additional, less essential information. Here’s an example.
- Incorrect: In this paper, I discuss my movie analysis as well as provide recommendations for improvement.
- Correct: In this paper, I discuss my movie analysis and provide recommendations for improvement.
Archaic Words
Your writing may not make any sense to readers if you overuse archaic transition words like therewith .
For example, hereby means as a result. We can replace it with more modern and explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement is connected to the previous statement.
Linking Words Summary
A linking word is a term that connects different ideas in your text, whether they are contrasting, supporting, or adding. They can improve your writing and help it flow better, I promise!
Regardless of the style of writing, every piece of writing contains linking words to show perfect transitions. I hope my guide on the definition and list of transitions helps you use these words and phrases correctly. Memorize each category, and don’t overuse them in essays.
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The Ultimate List of Linking Words for Your Essay
Let’s face it: You can’t write an essay (or any other writing piece) without linking words.
Also known as connecting words or transition words, they serve to make your writing flow and help those reading your work follow the flow of your thoughts, ideas , and arguments .
This post is your guide to linking words and their role in writing. Not only will you learn the types of these words, examples, and reasons to use them, but you’ll also get a massive list of transition words and phrases as well as linking words PDF to download and use whenever necessary.
Table of Contents:
What are Linking Words?
Why use transition words in essays, linking words examples, addition/agreement/similarity, contrast/contradiction/limitation/opposition, comparison/concession/condition, clarification, cause/effect/result, emphasis/example, generalization, illustration, location/place/space, reason/reference, time/sequence, summary/conclusion/restatement.
- The Ultimate List of Linking Words: Download
Linking words are lexical items (words and phrases) we use to connect ideas in writing and get a reader to the next sentence or paragraph.
They aren’t about essay writing only:
Whether you write a fiction book, marketing content , academic works, autobiography , or poems, you’ll need to connect ideas. That’s what transition words do:
They link your thoughts and arguments into a chain to show how they relate to each other. Also known as transition words, these phrases often start a sentence or a paragraph. However, you’ll also use them in the middle of sentences to bring ideas together.
The most common places for linking words in essays are:
- the start of a paragraph
- the start of a sentence introducing a new idea or extending an argument
- the beginning of a concluding statement
Essay linking words is an integral part of academic writing. Put it simply, you can’t write a paper without using them; otherwise, your writing won’t make any sense for readers.
Transition words for essay serve to:
- connect ideas in writing
- create a flow of thoughts and arguments for readers to understand what you want to say
- guide readers from one idea to another, demonstrating how they relate to each other
- hook readers and encourage them to read the next sentence or paragraph
- add more information
- support or contrast a point
- show the result, conclude, demonstrate an effect of this or that point
Using essay maker and connecting words, each sentence and paragraph must pass readers on to the next one. These connecting words serve as an instrument to guide readers from one thought or point to the next.
Linking words examples are many, and it’s clear why: every piece of writing contains tons of connecting and transition words. Let’s take an essay sample from Bid4Papers writers to see the example of linking words in academic writing:
This one was an essay introduction .
Now, why not take a step further and look for essay linking words in essay conclusions ?
Types and List of Linking Words to Use in Essays
Below you’ll find the ultimate list of transition words for essays by categories. Choose the role you need a word to play (reason, contrast, emphasis, restatement, etc.) and consider the corresponding table of transitions.
If you need the whole transition words list in one place, jump to the next category of this post to find the downloadable linking words pdf.
And now, for connecting words categories:
These words serve to add info to what you’ve previously stated, demonstrate the commonality between arguments, and support your thoughts.
in the first place again moreover in like manner also of course in the same fashion/way identically correspondingly not to mention additionally just as… so too apart from this last | not only … but also to as well as in addition then likewise first, second, third uniquely similarly to say nothing of too along with further moreover | as a matter of fact and together with coupled with equally comparatively in the light of like furthermore as by the same token besides coupled with not to mention |
Linking words for contrast is your instrument to show how things are different and provide counterarguments. They work best in persuasive and critical essays.
however nevertheless nonetheless in contrast/in comparison while whereas conversely differing from even so although this may be true otherwise albeit besides be that as it may | still although / even though though on the other hand on the contrary alternatively in opposition instead nor different from at the same time even though then again regardless | but yet despite / in spite of as opposed to contrarily contrary to rather though unlike of course …, but albeit above all in reality after all |
These lexical items will help you if you need to provide conditions to your statements, show how things are different/similar, or accept a point with reservation.
similarly likewise also compare(d) to / with not only…but also alike equally in a similar manner in common still another although this may be true as on the condition that only if admittedly all the same even though however despite | like just as just like as with both by the same token in like manner in the same way because of even if given that since then unless although and still and yet nevertheless nonetheless | similar to same as compare correspondingly either equal most important resembles similarly granted that if in that case when whenever while be that as it may even if even so up to a point |
These words will help you with personal or narrative essays: They are linking words in opinion writing that indicates you’re going to explore ideas in more detail.
Expository essays will win with these words too.
I mean in explanation in lay terms to clearly define to explain | in other words in simple terms simply put to put it clearly to put it in another way | simply stated that is to say to break it down to simplify to make plain |
Cause and effect connecting words do what their name says exactly: demonstrating a cause of some point and providing the result of what has been done or started.
if in case granted (that) … then for the purpose of when so that in the hope that while due to in view of while lest hence | provided that as/so long as unless with this intention whenever so as to to the end that for fear that because of so as a result as a consequence (of) for this reason thereupon | given that on (the) condition (that) only/even if with this in mind since owing to inasmuch as in order to as seeing / being that therefore thus consequently forthwith then |
These words are for putting forward your point more forcefully, providing examples.
undoubtedly indeed obviously for instance that is (i.e.) such as chiefly clearly definitely it should be noted naturally never to repeat on the negative side significantly on the positives side to enumerate another key point first thing to remember to emphasize to put it another way truly | generally admittedly in fact including namely specifically especially even importantly obviously of course particularly / in particular truly with this in mind point often overlooked frequently to explain by all means surely in this case to demonstrate for this reason | particularly / in particular especially for example to illustrate above all absolutely in detail in truth indeed positively surprisingly to clarify with attention without a doubt specifically most compelling evidence expressively that is to say with attention to certainly for one thing as an illustration to be sure |
Perfect transition words for hypothesis essays , generalization lexical items serve to make a general statement you’ll then specify and prove in detail.
as a rule broadly speaking commonly mostly normally often | for the most part generally speaking in general/ generally predominately regularly typically | in most cases mainly more often than not on the whole overall |
These words and phrases are for you to provide examples in essays.
as an example of for example/ for instance for one thing like namely on this occasion | illustrated by in another case in the case of proof of this specifically such as | in this case in this situation including to demonstrate to clarify to simplify |
Use these words to provide order and reference or clarify spatial relationships between your points or ideas.
in the middle here further on this side where wherever in the foreground near alongside down beneath adjacent to underneath around | to the left/right there beyond in the distance from around in the background above up beside opposite to under surrounding at the rear | in front of next nearby here and there over before in the center of below among behind between across on top/on bottom adjacent |
These transitional words will help you demonstrate relationships between ideas and provide reasons for what and why has started or occurred.
because of for the purpose of given that seeing that so that with this in mind as applied to as far as concerning the fact that | granted that in fact in order to with this intention with this purpose for considering in connection to in terms with regards to | in view of owing to provided that because since as regarding speaking about/of with respect to examples of these might be: |
Use these words in your essay when you need to indicate the time and order of what you say.
at the present time after henceforth at the same time until meanwhile in due time then first, second as long as forthwith in the meantime by the time in the first place next formerly instantly quickly | from time to time later whenever up to the present time till further until now before in time when straight away in a moment whenever all of a sudden now suddenly presently finally | sooner or later last eventually to begin with since during as soon as hence prior to once without delay about at this instant now that immediately shortly occasionally another |
Restatement words will help you express an alternative to what you previously stated. They work for all essay types, including rhetorical precis and dialectic essays .
Use summary and conclusion transitional phrases to sum up your points and come up with the final paragraph of your writing.
as can be seen after all overall all things considered in conclusion by and large given these points in essence in any event for the most part altogether as noted therefore | generally speaking in fact ordinarily as shown above in short to sum up as has been noted to summarize in either case in the end as you can see to conclude | in the final analysis in summary usually in the long run in brief on the whole in a word on balance all in all in the final analysis finally given these points ultimately |
The Ultimate List of Connecting Words: Download
And now, for the most interesting and practical part:
Below you can find the linking words worksheet that gathers all the most commonly used transitional words in essays. Feel free to download this linking words PDF and refer to it every time you write an essay and experience writer’s block:
Do you need more guides and worksheets like this to assist you with academic writing? Please share your ideas in the comments, and our writers will be happy to help!
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75 linking words for academic writing (+examples)
Linking words play an important role in academic writing: They connect different paragraphs, sections or ideas in a text. Therefore, they considerably improve the readability and argumentation of academic texts such as a thesis, dissertation, essay or journal publication. This list of 75 linking words includes examples of how they can be used in academic writing.
Linking words expressing order and sequence in academic writing
Example: First, I review the existing literature on cross-border collaboration. Second, I explain the methodology …
Example: The event increased public awareness of this issue. Afterwards, politicians debated it more openly.
Example: Before scientists discovered the role of neurons in information processing, they assumed that…
Linking words expressing additions in academic writing
Example: Additionally, the interviewee lamented a lack of attention to his work.
Example: Besides the public outreach component, we wrote a handbook to disseminate the research results in the academic community.
Example: The financial compensation was also appreciated by the study participants.
Linking words expressing cause and effect in academic writing
Example: As the number of studies increases, better conclusions can be drawn.
Example: The literature highlights the importance of age and physical fitness. Consequently, these factors will be investigated further.
Linking words expressing contrasts and comparisons in academic writing
Example: Many scholars have explored this issue. Yet, to date, no inclusive framework exists to explain…
Example: People often stated that they are aware of the rules whereas they behaved as if they did not.
Example: E qually important, however, is the role of personal beliefs in decision-making processes.
If you are looking to elevate your writing and editing skills, I highly recommend enrolling in the course “ Good with Words: Writing and Editing Specialization “, which is a 4 course series offered by the University of Michigan. This comprehensive program is conveniently available as an online course on Coursera, allowing you to learn at your own pace. Plus, upon successful completion, you’ll have the opportunity to earn a valuable certificate to showcase your newfound expertise!
Linking words expressing emphasis in academic writing
Example: Indeed, motivation turned out to be a defining factor of academic success.
Example: More importantly, the findings underscore the importance of conflict resolution.
Linking words expressing illustrations in academic writing
Example: Many interviewees were nervous. For example, when asked to describe the event, some of them started to stutter.
Linking words expressing summaries and conclusions in academic writing
Example: In conclusion, the reviewed literature highlights a clear research gap.
Example: In short, scholars call for more research on climate change mitigation.
Linking words expressing conditionality in academic writing
Example: As long as the conditions do not change, the results should remain stable.
Example: Even if more experiments are conducted, human behaviour remains hard to predict.
Linking words expressing generalisations in academic writing
Example: Commonly, this criterion is used for categorising plants.
Linking words expressing concessions in academic writing
Example: Regardless of their genetic makeup, mice showcased the same symptoms.
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IELTS Writing Task 1 and Task 2 – Linking Words (with PDF)
Just how important are linkers for IELTS? When it comes to Writing Task 1 and Writing Task 2, connecting words for IELTS are incredibly important. Overall, they’ll have a significant impact on your band descriptor—in other words, on your IELTS scores. So how do you use IELTS writing linking words well? I’ll show you how in this IELTS linking words PDF!
IELTS Linking Words PDF
Once you’ve downloaded the IELTS linking words PDF , come back to this post to read on. In this post, we’ll look at linkers for IELTS and how you can use connecting words for IELTS tasks to boost your score.
Table of Contents
How to use linking words for ielts writing task 1, how to use linking words for ielts writing task 2, connecting words for both ielts tasks.
- Comparison/Opposition
- Consequence/Result
- Practice with Linking Words for Writing Task 1
Practice with Linking Words for Writing Task 2
Using the ielts linking words pdf, the function of linking words in ielts writing.
The IELTS Writing exam is marked on four criteria : grammar and sentence structure; vocabulary usage; answering the task response; and coherence and cohesion. Each makes up 25% of the overall score. Often, when I read an essay by an ESL student, I’m impressed by their range of vocabulary and their expert grammar use, but disappointed about how incoherently one sentence flows to the next.
In other words? They need more connecting words for IELTS’s higher band descriptors!
To develop coherence and cohesion, we need to use a variety of phrases to link one idea to the next, so that the reader can follow your thinking. How you’ll do this should vary according to the task type that you’re approaching. Take a look at IELTS band descriptors 1 and 2 , then see how to use linkers for IELTS below!
On IELTS Task 1 , you’ll write a report based on two visuals (think: charts and graphs ). You’ll need connecting words for IELTS Task 1 to:
- Transition from a description of one visual to a description of the other
- Compare and contrast key features of the visuals
- Point out and highlight data or details of the visuals
For IELTS Task 2 , you’ll write an extended response to a prompt. In this case, you’ll need linkers for IELTS Task 2 to:
- Present your opinion
- Move between paragraphs
- Provide reasons
- Give examples
- Explain conditions and consequences of different scenarios
Even though the two IELTS Writing tasks are very different, you’ll still need to structure your responses with an introduction in either case. And a conclusion could potentially be used in both tasks as well, although conclusions are optional in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1. (See our article on Writing Task 1 Academic paragraph structure for details.) Because of this, IELTS Writing linking words that will help you on both tasks are those that:
- Connect your introduction to your summary of the visuals
- Move from your main discussion to your conclusion.
Categories of Linkers for IELTS Writing
With all of that in mind, let’s take a look at several series of linking words to help you on test day! You can also download these in the IELTS linking words PDF to return to for reinforcement.
While most of these words can be used in either task, I’ve put asterisks (*) by different words that are particularly good for Task 1 or Task 2. Here’s the key:
* Especially good linking words for IELTS Writing Task 1 (Academic) ** Especially good IELTS Writing Task 2 linking words (Note, however, that any of these phrase categories can be pretty useful in either essay!)
- I think/feel/believe that…
- Personally, I feel that…
- As far as I am concerned…
- From my point of view…
- I admit that….
- I concur that…
- I agree that….
- Furthermore,…
- In addition,…
- Additionally,…
- On top of that,…
- Especially,…
- In particular,…
- Particularly,…
- Without a doubt,…
- Obviously,…
- Importantly,…
Comparison/Opposition*
- In contrast,…
- By contrast…
- In comparison,…
- Meanwhile,…
- On the other hand,…
- Alternatively,…
- Nevertheless,…
Condition**
- Unless…
- On the condition that…
- Provided that…
- As long as…
- Supposing that…
Concession**
- Admittedly,…
- Even though…
- In spite of…
- For instance,…
- For example,…
- A very good example is…
- The best example is…
- To illustrate,…
- First of all,…
- To start with…
- Thirdly/fourthly/etc.,…
Consequence/Result**
- As a result,…
- As a consequence,…
- Consequently,…
- Accordingly,…
- Therefore,…
- On that account,…
- For that reason,…
Conclusion**
- In conclusion,…
- To conclude,…
- In the end,…
- To summarize,…
- To sum up,…
Ready to put your knowledge from the IELTS linking words PDF to the test? Here are some exercises you can use to practice using linkers for IELTS!
Practice with IELTS Linking Words for Writing Task 1
You can find the prompt for this question here !
These graphics highlight several key trends. (1) ________, in general terms, slightly more than half the population owned computers in 2002. (2) ________, that number rose to roughly 75% over the next eight years. (3)________, these numbers varied by group. (4)________, postgraduates were always ahead of the general population: roughly three-quarters of postgraduates owned computers in 2002, that figure rose to nearly 95% by 2010. (5)________, those who had not finished high school began with only a 15% computer ownership rate, which increased to about 45% after eight years.
(1) Firstly/First of all/To start with
(2) However/But/Nevertheless
(3) On the other hand/However/But/Nevertheless
(4) Any example linking word would work here except “such as,” because this is the beginning of a sentence.
(1)________, young people need freedom to make choices, especially when it comes to their careers. Deep down, some parents may want their children to choose prestigious careers, or jobs that will impact society in some way. These wishes are normal and not necessarily harmful. (2)________, it can be problematic if these desires turn into firm expectations. (3)________, offering a child freedom does not imply that parents should be absent. Parents should strive to foster open communication about career decisions. (4)_______, if Tim’s aspirations do not line up with his parents’ wishes, he may, (5) _______ fear that approaching them could lead to judgement and confrontation.
(1) Any opinion linking word or phrase would work here except for “I concur that” or “I agree that,” because this is the first idea introduced in the essay.
(2) Admittedly,
(3) However,/But/On the other hand,/Nevertheless,
The best way to improve your use of IELTS Writing linking words is to practice repeatedly, checking your work thoroughly each time. With the IELTS Linking Words PDF, we’ve made this easy for you!
In the IELTS linking words PDF, you’ll find the key information from this post. This includes the lists of linking words, which task(s) each word is best for, and practice using linking words using the exercises below!
Incorporating IELTS Writing linking words into your practice by using the PDF regularly will help you achieve greater fluency for test day–and help you boost your band score. Make it a regular part of your practice! And be sure to read up on the whole IELTS Writing section, so you can study for the test effectively. Magoosh has a complete guide to IELTS Writing that can help.
Eliot Friesen-Meyers is the Senior Curriculum Manager for Magoosh IELTS and TOEFL. He attended Goshen College (B.A.), New York University (M.A.), and Harvard University (M.T.S.), gaining experience and skills in curriculum development, ESOL instruction, online teaching and learning, and IELTS and TOEFL test prep education. Eliot’s teaching career started with Literacy Americorps in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and later, taught ESL programs at Northeastern University, University of California-Irvine, and Harold Washington College. Eliot was also a speaker at the 2019 TESOL International Conference . With over 10 years of experience, he understands the challenges students face and loves helping them overcome those challenges. Come join Eliot on Youtube , Facebook , and Instagram . Recent blog posts Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 1 Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 2
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11 responses to “IELTS Writing Task 1 and Task 2 – Linking Words (with PDF)”
Hi, Thanks a million. It is very useful.
I wrote IELTS for getting Canadian PR however I got less in “Writing”. My score was “6.5” and “7” in “listening”. My overall band was “7” and the total score as 370. Could anyone share a few tips? Initially I strongly believed that IELTS apart from being a competitive exam, was a source of business as well as they deliberately made us fail but I slowly started feeling that perhaps I could have done errors. Anyways encapsulating my words, “Any tips”?
Thank you. I really found this post useful because I have been struggling to start my body paragraph and have no idea what to write.
Glad you enjoyed it, Gigi!
Hallo there
Is it possible to know one type of writting an easy so it can cover deffrent subject and deferent varaity of topic ensteed I read each topic and subject endevsoual. Best regards Khleed
I’m sorry, but I don’t understand what you are trying to ask here! Can you please ask in a different way or provide some more details or an example of what you are looking for? Thanks!
Yeay 👏 it’s so helpful ❤️
Yeay 👏 it’s so helpful and now I’ll prepare using your ideas
So glad to hear it! 😀
I believe that this will help me to achieve what I really want to claim in my life….. I HOPE SO.
Hi Malakpreet,
We hope so too! Best of luck to you! 😀
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Linking Words And Phrases In English (List With Examples)
In this study guide, you will learn how to use linking words in English. You will discover the meaning of common linking words and learn how to use them in a sentence. Examples are provided to show you the sentence position and use of common linking words in English. Check out the exercises at the end to test your understanding!
What are linking words?
- Meanings & uses
- List with examples
What you will learn:
Discourse markers (‘linkers’) are words or phrases that we use to make links between words in a sentence. These discourse markers are used in both spoken and written English.
Here we will focus on discourse markers in writing and formal spoken English – commonly known as ‘linking words’. Linkers are a way of making connections between ideas and sentences.
Formal and informal linkers
Informal linking words are used in spoken English. You can link your ideas with words and phrases like: I mean , honestly , after all , besides and in any case . It is useful to learn which linking words are most appropriate in formal and informal situations. In an email, you might choose linking words such as so , but , and because . These should already be familiar.
In an essay, you are more likely to choose formal linkers, such as therefore , however , consequently, on the contrary and moreover . There are some linking words that are so formal that you may choose not to use them at all in your writing. Examples include: thus , hence and nonetheless .
Linking words and sentence position
Many linking words are used at the beginning of a sentence, while others can be used in the middle or at the end. Words and phrases connected with sequencing and structure appear at the start of a sentence. Examples include: first , secondly , finally and in conclusion . Adverbs, which express the writer’s opinion, also occur at the start of a sentence, for example evidently and obviously .
Linking words can be used between clauses, in the middle of the sentence. Examples include: words that contrast ideas ( however , although), show consequence ( therefore, as a result), and phrases that add more information ( moreover, furthermore) . A few linking words can be placed at the end of the sentence. Look at the following example: Learning a second language is motivating. It can be very difficult, however .
Punctuation
The use of punctuation with some linking words and phrases is important. Some grammar books provide you with specific rules about punctuation and clauses in a sentence. The most important reason for using punctuation in a sentence is so the reader can understand your intended meaning.
Punctuation, particularly commas , should help the reader to identify clauses in your writing and lead to a clearer understanding of the text. Look at these two example sentences – which is easier to understand?
A: To conclude the cars of the future are likely to be more environmentally friendly however this change may take many years to implement and moreover will require the support of the general public.
B: To conclude, the cars of the future are likely to be more environmentally friendly, however, this change may take many years to implement and, moreover, will require the support of the general public.
Linking words are very important in written texts. Without them, your writing may be disconnected and difficult to read. In English examinations, students are often graded on their ability to write cohesive sentences. Therefore, learning how to use linking words correctly is an important skill in learning English as a second language. The examples below will help you to understand the meaning of linking words in written texts and to improve your own linking skills!
Linking words: meanings and uses
Conjunctions are a familiar group of linking words, which join two clauses in a sentence, such as but , because or however. In fact, linking words have many different functions in a sentence and range from single words to phrases of up to four words. The categories below show the most common types of linking words.
Sequencing First, secondly, subsequently, finally
Words like first , second and finally appear at the start of a sentence. They help the reader to navigate their way through the text. They are used in essays but also in instructions, for example recipes.
Adding information In addition, also, furthermore, what is more
These linking words are used to give additional information or to strengthen our argument.
Comparison Similarly, equally, likewise
We use these linking words to add further examples or to make connections between ideas.
Giving examples For example, for instance, e.g., such as
Use these linking words to give examples.
Consequence Consequently, therefore, as a result, hence
These linking words can be used to describe how one idea logically follows another.
Generalisation On the whole, generally, in general
These linking words are usually positioned at the start of a sentence. They are used before a general statement.
Summing up To sum up, in summary, to summarise, to conclude, in conclusion
These types of phrases are commonly used to start the final section of an essay. They are also used in formal spoken English, for example a speech or the TV news, to signal to the listener that the speech is coming to an end.
Contrasting However, on the other hand, conversely, in contrast, rather, while, whereas
These linking words are used to introduce an idea or argument that contrasts with what has been said before. In an essay, they are useful for introducing, for example, the disadvantages in an advantages and disadvantages essay. The use of rather in this context is very formal.
Stating fact In fact, as a matter of fact, actually
These types of linking words can be used to signal to the reader that the writer’s meaning is different to what the reader expects.
Concession Although, despite, in spite of, even though
These linking words are used to show that we acknowledge another person’s opinion, even if we may not agree with it.
A-Z List of common linking words with examples
The list below includes all the commonly used linking words in written English. Example sentences are also provided to help you understand them in context.
Additionally Additionally , students should complete at least 3 hours of homework per week.
As a result In recent years, few students have studied languages at school. As a result , the number of people taking language courses at degree level has decreased.
But It is important to adjust your mirrors, but do not do this while driving your car.
Consequently John did not study hard for his exams. Consequently , his grades was disappointing.
Conversely People who have no savings often have trouble when applying for bank loans. Conversely , those who already have savings find it much easier to get credit.
Equally Studying languages face-to-face has a positive impact on learning. Equally , online learning can allow students to progress quickly.
Firstly, secondly, etc. Firstly , we’d like to say a warm welcome to all our new undergrads. Secondly , we’d like to remind you that students should attend all lectures on time for the duration of the semester.
For example You should wear suitable clothing for this trip. For example , a waterproof coat and a warm hat.
For instance You can substitute some ingredients in this recipe. For instance , honey can be used instead of sugar.
Furthermore In my opinion, the government should provide adequate guidance on physical exercise. Furthermore , I believe it has a duty to advise the public on health and diet.
Generally (speaking) Generally , working from home is less stressful and more productive than working in a noisy office.
Hence Mark had inherited a lot of money from his grandmother; hence the large house.
However Sports facilities, such as gyms and swimming pools, help people to keep fit. However , people also need motivation to help them improve their health.
In addition As a community, we should do more to improve our wellbeing. In addition , the government should start a new advertising campaign to promote health and fitness nationwide.
In conclusion In conclusion , the advantages of tourism outweigh the disadvantages.
In contrast Working from home can save time and money. In contrast , commuting long distances to work every day can be time-consuming and expensive.
In fact We didn’t enjoy the film. In fact , it was pretty terrible!
In general In general , working from home is more convenient than travelling to the office.
In particular Young children are influenced by the people around them, in particular their parents.
In spite of this Tony was not offered a place at his chosen university. In spite of this , he achieved a first class degree and went on to have a successful career.
Likewise Squirrels feed on hard grains and nuts, using their sharp front cutting teeth to break up their food. Likewise , rats are able to gnaw through hard materials.
Moreover Children from less affluent households were reported to read less. Moreover , children who did not have books in the house were found to be much more likely to have a low reading age.
Nevertheless You should try to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day and reduce your fat intake. Nevertheless , any changes you can make to your diet will have a positive effect.
Nonetheless The disadvantages of living in a city include noise and pollution. Nonetheless , the majority of people still choose to live in urban areas.
On the contrary On the contrary , many students chose universities that showed a good standard of teaching rather than a high ranking.
On the other hand Tourism can have a positive effect on the wealth of a country. On the other hand , it can also have a negative impact on the environment.
On the whole On the whole , most students prefer informal tutorial groups to large group lectures.
Rather Rob wasn’t successful in the interview, rather he was given some advice on improving his application.
So I really love Spanish culture, so I’m looking forward to my trip to Madrid next month.
Such as Stringed instruments, such as the violin and the cello, are among the most difficult to learn.
Therefore Sue broke her leg. Therefore , she was unable to attend work for a month.
Thus The availability of high-sugar and high-fat foods has had an impact on people’s health; thus , the rate of obesity is increasing.
To conclude To conclude , a child’s home background has a dramatic effect on their educational achievement.
To summarise To summarise , consumer habits are changing: there has been a marked increase in the amount of clothing and technology sold online during the pandemic.
To sum up To sum up , learning a new skill, like a language, can be challenging, but it is also rewarding.
Similarly Similarly , increasing the price of fuel and raising parking charges may discourage people from driving into city centres.
Still Digital technology has made working from home easier. Still , many people prefer the social contact of going to their workplace.
What is more Too much screen time may affect children’s activity levels. What is more , extended time spent using electronic devices may have a negative impact on their eyesight.
Whereas Boys tend to develop physical skills, such as jumping, at a young age, whereas girls tend to develop fine motor skills.
While While men still make up the largest proportion of students on science courses, the number of women is steadily increasing.
Yet The penalties for breaking the law are high, yet some people continue to commit crimes.
Linking words: exercises
- Which of these groups of linking words show consequence? a. however, although, but b. therefore, so, as a result c. for example, such as d. to conclude, in summary, to sum up
- Which of these groups of linking words are used to contrast ideas? a. however, although, but b. therefore, so, as a result c. for example, such as d. to conclude, in summary, to sum up
- Which linking word does not belong in this group? a. on the whole b. in general c. as a result d. generally
- Which statement is correct? a. Linking words can be positioned at the start, middle or end of a sentence. b. Linking words can be positioned at the start or end of a sentence. c. There are no rules about where linking words can be positioned in a sentence. d. Linking words can be positioned at the middle or end of a sentence.
- Which word is spelled incorrectly ? a. nonethemless b. consequently c. similarly d. likewise
- Which word has a similar meaning to ‘sum up’? a. in conclusion b. in addition c. in contrast
- I eat lots of vegetables, _______________ carrots, broccoli and peppers. a. such as b. similarly c. therefore
- Jason’s income has decreased in recent months, ________ he needs to be careful with money. a. although b. therefore c. however
- The weather here reaches around -10ºC in winter, ________ the summer is quite warm. a. whereas b. so c. in addition
- _____________ measure the dry ingredients and put them in a bowl. a. in spite of this b. first c. hence
- You can use a paper dictionary to check vocabulary. _________, you can use an electronic dictionary. a. in any case b. subsequently c. equally d. for instance
- Eating healthy food can have an impact on your weight and your health. ____________, you should try to limit your consumption of fatty food. a. rather b. in particular c. despite this d. while
- There are many ways to read a book electronically. _________, many people still choose to buy paperback books. a. to sum up b. yet c. for example d. what is more
- Many people like the convenience of working solo from home. _____________, working with other people can be more motivating. a. for instance b. therefore c. nonetheless d. conversely
- Which word does not fit in this group of linking words? a . on the other hand b. nevertheless c. however d. finally
- Which word does not fit in this group of linking words? a. as a matter of fact b. in fact c. whereas d. actually
- Which linking words are used to add information? a. similarly, equally, likewise b. to conclude, in conclusion, in summary c. on the other hand, whereas, however d. in addition, furthermore, what is more
- Which linking words are used to make comparisons? a. similarly, equally, likewise b. to conclude, in conclusion, in summary c. on the other hand, whereas, however d. in addition, furthermore, what is more
- Which linking words are used for summing up? a. similarly, equally, likewise b. to conclude, in conclusion, in summary c. on the other hand, whereas, however d. in addition, furthermore, what is more
- Which linking words are used to contrast ideas? a. similarly, equally, likewise b. to conclude, in conclusion, in summary c. on the other hand, whereas, however d. in addition, furthermore, what is more
————————————————————————————————————–
- nonetheless
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Linking Words and Phrases – List & Examples
Are you an English learner looking to improve your language skills? Or maybe you’re an IELTS student aiming for a top band score?
In this detailed guide, we delve into the world of linking words and show you how they can improve your language skills and IELTS performance.
Linking words and phrases are the glue that holds a piece of writing together. They make your sentences flow seamlessly and guide the reader through your ideas. So it is very important that you use them in your essays and reports.
Linking Words and Phrases List
Accordingly | Above all |
As a consequence (of) | Absolutely |
As a result | Chiefly |
Consequently | Clearly |
Due to | Definitely |
For this reason | Especially |
Forthwith | Even |
Hence | Importantly |
Then | In detail |
Therefore | In truth |
Thereupon | Indeed |
Thus | It should be noted |
Linking Words for Addition and Reason
Additionally/an additional | Because of |
Along with | For the purpose of |
Also | Given that |
And | Granted that |
Apart from this | In fact |
As well as | In order to |
As well as that | In view of |
Besides | Owing to |
Coupled with | Provided that |
Finally | Seeing that |
First | So that |
Further | With this in mind |
Furthermore | With this intention |
In addition | With this purpose |
In addition to this | |
In the same fashion | |
Last | |
Moreover | |
Not only…but also | |
Not to mention | |
Second | |
Similarly | |
Third | |
Together with | |
Too |
Linking Words for Illustration and Contrast
As an example of | Alternatively |
For example/ For instance | As opposed to |
For one thing | Contrarily |
Illustrated by | Contrary to |
In another case | Conversely |
In the case of | Despite/in spite of |
In this case | Differing from |
In this situation | Even so |
Including | However |
Like | In contrast (to) |
Namely | In opposition |
On this occasion | Instead |
Proof of this | Nevertheless |
Specifically | Nonetheless |
Such as | Nor |
To clarify | Notwithstanding |
To demonstrate | On the other hand |
To simplify | Rathe |
Linking Words for Comparison and Order
Alike | First/ firstly |
As with | Second/ secondly |
Both | Third/ thirdly |
By the same token | Finally |
Compare / compare(d) to (with) | At this time |
Correspondingly | Following |
Either | Previously |
Equal | Before |
Equally | Subsequently |
In a similar manner | |
In common | |
In like manner | |
In the same way | |
In the spitting image of | |
Just as | |
Just as…so too | |
Just like | |
Likewise | |
Most important | |
Resembles | |
Same as | |
Similar to | |
Similarly | |
Still another |
Linking Words for Summary and Condition
All things considered | Although this may be true |
Altogether | As |
As demonstrated above | Because of |
As noted | Even if |
As shown above | Given that |
As you can see | Granted that |
Briefly | If |
By and large | In that case |
Generally speaking | In the event that |
Given these points | Lest |
In a word | On the condition that |
In any event | Only if |
In brief | Since |
In conclusion | Then |
In essence | Unless |
In short | When |
In summary | Whenever |
In the end | While |
In the final analysis |
Linking Words for Concession and Generalisation
Admittedly | As a rule |
Albeit | Broadly speaking |
All the same | Commonly |
Although | For the most part |
Although/Even though | Generally speaking |
And still | In general/ Generally |
And yet | In most cases |
Be that as it may | Mainly |
Even if | More often than not |
Even so | Mostly |
Even though | Normally |
However | Often |
In spite of | On the whole |
Nevertheless | Overall |
Nonetheless | Predominately |
Regardless of this | Regularly |
Up to a point | Typically |
Linking Words for Restatement and Reference
Alternatively | As applied to |
Alternatively stated | As far as |
Expressed simply | Concerning |
In a nutshell | Considering |
In other words | In connection to |
In short | In terms |
In simple language | Pertaining to |
In simple terms | Regarding |
In summation | Some examples of these might be: |
Namely | Speaking about/of |
Otherwise stated | The fact that |
Put differently | With regards to |
Put in another way | With respect to |
Reiterated | |
Said differently | |
Simplified | |
Simply put | |
That is to say | |
To put it differently |
Linking Words for Clarification & Space/ Location
I mean | Across |
In explanation | Adjacent |
In lay terms | Around |
In other words | At the rear |
In simple terms | Below |
Simply put | Beneath |
Simply stated | Near |
That is to say | Nearby |
To break it down | Next to |
To clearly define | On bottom |
To explain | On top |
To make plain | Opposite |
To put it clearly | Over |
To put it in another way | Surrounding |
To simplify | To the left |
Linking Words and Phrases List and Examples
– , the research findings indicated a significant improvement in patient outcomes. | |
– , we need to consider the economic implications of this policy. | |
– , the company plans to expand its market presence in the Asia-Pacific region. | |
– , despite the challenges, we remain committed to our mission. | |
– , some argue that social media has detrimental effects on mental health. | |
– , the previous year’s sales figures were considerably higher. | |
– , the company faced severe financial losses and had to lay off employees. | |
– , traffic congestion in the city increased due to the road construction. | |
– , we recommend a change in the current pricing strategy to boost sales. | |
– , we will discuss the historical context of the topic. | |
– , we can examine the implications of these changes on the environment. | |
– , let’s explore the practical applications of this scientific discovery. | |
– , consider the case of a student who excelled academically while working part-time. | |
– , this is evident in the case of the endangered species we’re trying to protect. | |
– , the core issues revolve around environmental sustainability and social equity. | |
– , this concept applies to the digital marketing landscape. | |
– , the two theories have commonalities, but they also have key differences. | |
– , our results mirror those of previous studies in the field. | |
– , this is a critical issue that requires immediate attention. | |
– , we must address this problem to prevent further environmental degradation. | |
– , we should prioritize the safety and well-being of our employees. |
Linking Words IELTS & Essays PDF
Linking Words PDF – download
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- Academic writing
- Commonly confused words
- Critical thinking
- PEEL Paragraphs
- Linking/transition words
- Paraphrasing
- Proofreading
- Terms and definitions
- Action Words: What is description, application, analysis and evaluation
Linking/transition words: Things you need to know...
All assignments are written in formal language. You need to ensure that you demonstrate your knowledge and understanding alongside your ability to answer the question/solve the problem.
Below are some ideas to help you to develop your structure and flow.
- Linking / transition words and phrases join ideas, sentences and paragraphs together. They should be used within sentences and to move from one idea to another (between sentences).
These words and phrases indicate the direction, order and flow of ideas. Significantly, they strengthen the quality and structure of your work.
- Redundant Words - less is more. P articularly when trying to reduce the word count, it is important to look for phrases which can be replaced with a single word.
Linking/Transition Words
Transitions link one main idea to another separated by a semi-colon or full-stop. When the transition word is at the beginning of the sentence, it should be followed by a comma:
Among other functions, they can signal cause and effect or sequencing (see examples in the table below).
Additional comments or ideas | additionally; also; moreover; furthermore; again; further; then; besides; too; similarly; correspondingly; indeed; regarding. |
Alternatives | whereas; conversely; in comparison; by contrast; another view is…; alternatively; although; otherwise; instead. |
Analysing results | therefore; accordingly; as a result of; the result is/results are; the consequence is; resulting from; consequently; it can be seen; evidence illustrates that; because of this; thus; hence; for this reason; owing to x; this suggests that; it follows that; otherwise; in that case; that implies; Author (year) suggests that; |
Cause / Reason | as a result of; because ( ) |
Compare | compared with; in the same way; likewise |
Contrast | by contrast; although; compared with; conversely; despite; however, nevertheless; yet |
Effect / Result | As a result; therefore; thus |
Emphasising earlier statements | however; nonetheless; furthermore; in the final analysis; despite x; notwithstanding x; in spite of x; while x may be true, nonetheless although; though; after all; at the same time; even if x is true; count |
Introducing examples | for example; for instance; namely; such as; as follows; as exemplified by; such as; including; especially; particularly; in particular; notably; mainly; |
Re-phrasing | in other terms; rather; or; better; in view of this; in contrast |
Sequencing | first (ly); second (ly); third (ly); another; additionally; finally moreover; also; subsequently; eventually; next; then |
Summary or Conclusion | in conclusion; therefore; to conclude; on the whole; hence; thus to summarise; altogether; overall; …following the research of…after analysis |
Linking words: conjunctions
Linking words within a sentence are referred to as coordinating conjunctions. Do not worry about the term: think about the function.
for | connects a reason to a result |
and | connects equal and similar ideas |
nor | connects two negative ideas |
but | connects equal but different ideas |
or | connects two equal choices |
yet | connects equal and contrasting ideas |
so | connects a result to a reason |
Conciseness / redundant words
Microsoft Word now has an additional feature within the Edito r - it is called conciseness or wordiness.
- If you cannot see the Editor menu a quick tip is to hold down the function (fn key at the bottom left of the keyboard) + F7 (top line of keys).
- From the Refinements section - select Conciseness - if there are any suggestions a number will appear in the box alongside this option
- A dotted line will appear under any groups of groups
- Either select the identified text by clicking with your right mouse button OR click on the down down next to the Conciseness menu.
- MS Word will display any alternative words which you can either select and they will be replaced in your text or reject if you want to keep the original phrases.
Examples: try to replace phrases with a single words which mean the same.
Instead of ... | Use ... |
employed the use of | used |
basic fundamentals | fundamentals |
alternative choices | alternatives |
in as few words as possible | concisely |
look into | investigate |
put on | gained |
turned down | rejected |
got better | improved |
hit and miss | erratic |
in spite of | although |
Need to know more...
- Related pages
- External links
- Academic writing Illustrates the main features of academic writing so that you are aware of what it is and what it involves
- Critical Thinking Academic work involves thinking, not just accepting what you read or are told.
- Terms and Definitions Important words appear in your assignments and examinations. The aim of this factsheet is to help you to fully understand what they mean.
Additional resources to help you to improve your confidence and grades:-
- Writing Effectively demonstrates the importance of: clarity, structure, relevance, argument and precision.
- Writing Mechanics gives further examples and resources on areas including: sentence structure, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation and grammar.
Linking/Transition words - Scribbr https://www.scribbr.co.uk/syntax/transition-words-examples/ [Accessed 10 February 2023]
There are many books concerning academic writing, look around Dewey number 808
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Tips for Reading an Assignment Prompt
Asking analytical questions, introductions, what do introductions across the disciplines have in common, anatomy of a body paragraph, transitions, tips for organizing your essay, counterargument, conclusions.
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They show the relationships between the ideas and are the glue that holds your assignment together. The table below provides an overview of commonly-used linking words. List/sequence words: orders the information in a sequence. Efect/results: something brought by a cause. Emphasis: special importance or significance. first. so. undoubtedly.
Sentence starters, linking words, transitional phrases To access a large on-line academic writing phrase bank go HERE To download a large PDF academic writing phrase bank go HERE
These transitional words (like finally) have the function of limiting, restricting, and defining time. They can be used either alone or as part of adverbial expressions. at the present time. from time to time. sooner or later. at the same time. up to the present time. to begin with.
Linking words, Connectin Words, Conjunctions, Transitions Created Date: 3/6/2014 4:33:01 PM ...
TRANSITIONAL DEVICES: WORDS & PHRASES This handout was adapted from Dr. Heiko Possel's 2013 "Linking Words - A complete List - Sorted by categories". Dr. Possel's full list of linking words is available at smart-words.org. TO INDICATE CAUSE, CONDITION, OR PURPOSE as / so long as in order to only / even if to the end that
Linking Words and Phrases for beginning new paragraphs At the beginning of each paragraph, you should aim to provide a clear topic sentence that tells the reader the subject of the paragraph, and also connects the paragraph with the previous paragraph or the main topic of the assignment. The following words and expressions are fre-
Linking words and phrases Linking words and phrases are used to make your writing flow. They connect and logically organise ideas in and across sentences and paragraphs. Creating this flow makes it much easier to read and understand the ideas you are presenting in your assignment. Table 1: Example linking words Sequencing ideas Firstly ...
While transition words are essential to clear writing, it's possible to use too many of them. Consider the following example, in which the overuse of linking words slows down the text and makes it feel repetitive. The first experiment yielded a positive result. However, the second experiment yielded a negative result.
Linking Words Summary. A linking word is a term that connects different ideas in your text, whether they are contrasting, supporting, or adding. They can improve your writing and help it flow better, I promise! Regardless of the style of writing, every piece of writing contains linking words to show perfect transitions.
You can do this by using linking words and phrases. For this reason, linking words and phrases are often called connectives. Connectives act like a road map for the reader to indicate the flow and order of your writing. These play an important role in showing the logical connections between your ideas, the literature, and the statements you are ...
The most common places for linking words in essays are: the start of a paragraph; the start of a sentence introducing a new idea or extending an argument the beginning of a concluding statement; Why Use Transition Words in Essays. Essay linking words is an integral part of academic writing.
Linking words play an important role in academic writing: They connect different paragraphs, sections or ideas in a text. Therefore, they considerably improve the readability and argumentation of academic texts such as a thesis, dissertation, essay or journal publication. This list of 75 linking words includes examples of how they can be used in academic
How to Use Linking Words for IELTS Writing Task 2. For IELTS Task 2, you'll write an extended response to a prompt. In this case, you'll need linkers for IELTS Task 2 to: Present your opinion. Move between paragraphs. Provide reasons. Give examples. Explain conditions and consequences of different scenarios.
Simply adding a few connecting words - known as "signposts" - make it much more readable: Incorporation offers several advantages to businesses and their owners. For one thing, ownership is easy to transfer. The business is able to maintain a continuous existence even when the original owners are no longer involved (Brown, 1999).
LINKING WORDS & PHRASES Within a sentence Between sentences Between paragraphs Sequencing and then and this was followed by First, this essay examines … Secondly, it will analyse … Finally, it will evaluate … The first limitation is … A second advantage is… A final reason is … Sequencing in time when as while, whilst after before
Paragraphs and linking words . A paragraph is a collection of sentences about one idea. A paragraph can be one sentence long (see tabloid newspapers for examples) but your academic writing will be more substantial than this. Each paragraph should begin on a new line either indented slightly from the line above or with an extra
50 linking words to use in academic writing. academic writing. linkers. essay writing. thesis. ESL. English. It's very common for students to use long words they don't understand very well in their essays and theses because they have a certain idea of what academic writing should be.
Words and phrases connected with sequencing and structure appear at the start of a sentence. Examples include: first, secondly, finally and in conclusion. Adverbs, which express the writer's opinion, also occur at the start of a sentence, for example evidently and obviously. Linking words can be used between clauses, in the middle of the ...
Linking Words and Phrases Examples; Addition - Moreover, the research findings indicated a significant improvement in patient outcomes. - In addition, we need to consider the economic implications of this policy. - Furthermore, the company plans to expand its market presence in the Asia-Pacific region. Contrast - However, despite the challenges, we remain committed to our mission.
Linking/Transition Words. Transitions link one main idea to another separated by a semi-colon or full-stop. When the transition word is at the beginning of the sentence, it should be followed by a comma: Among other functions, they can signal cause and effect or sequencing (see examples in the table below). Additional comments or ideas.
The Oxford Phrasal Academic Lexicon (OPAL) is a set of four word lists that together provide an essential guide to the most important words and phrases to know in the field of English for Academic Purposes (EAP). This list gives around 370 important phrases for academic writing, grouped into 15 functional areas. Written phrases 1.
Strategies for Essay Writing--Complete. description. Tips for Reading an Assignment Prompt. description. Asking Analytical Questions. description. Thesis. description. Introductions. description. What Do Introductions Across the Disciplines Have in Common? description. Anatomy Of a Body Paragraph. description. Transitions.
» Linking Words & Connecting Words as a PDF. It contains all the transition words listed on this site. The image to the left gives you an impression how it looks like. Usage of Transition Words in Essays Transition words and phrases are vital devices for essays, papers or other literary compositions. They improve the