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Net Zero Energy Building: A Case Study of Jaisalmer

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• Bhavana Kushwah 7 &
• Harpreet Kaur Channi 7 , 7  

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Due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases, our ecosystem faces severe global warming and climate change challenges. Conventional energy resources have been incredibly exhausted in developing and maintaining the infrastructure for housing and industries over the past few decades. To meet the continuous demand of the energy sector, it is now crucial to explore the possibilities of renewable energy sources and sustainable infrastructures. Making buildings with net zero demand is one such goal. Net zero energy buildings (NZEBs) can meet their energy demands. NZEBs are a necessity within the context of growing urbanization in India. Technological advantages in solar energy, geothermal heating, and wind turbines can achieve net zero energy status. In the present paper, we are reviewing the NZEB’s facts about their implementation and sustainability in the country. We are carefully examining one of the NZEBs, named Rajkumari Ratnavati School in Jaisalmer, as a case study from multiple NZEB standards perspectives. The present study attempts to cover the essential aspects of NZEBs with examples like Rajkumari Ratnavati School.

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Bhavana Kushwah, Harpreet Kaur Channi & Harpreet Kaur Channi

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Kushwah, B., Channi, H.K. (2024). Net Zero Energy Building: A Case Study of Jaisalmer. In: Talpa Sai, P.H.V.S., Potnuru, S., Avcar, M., Ranjan Kar, V. (eds) Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Sustainability. ICIMES 2023. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 372. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6774-2_38

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Net Zero Energy Buildings Case Studies and Lessons Learned

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This book presents 18 in-depth case studies of net zero energy buildings—low-energy building that generate as much energy as they consume over the course of a year—for a range of project types, sizes, and U.S. climate zones. Each case study describes the owner’s goals, the design and construction process, design strategies, measurement and verification activities and results, and project costs. With a year or more of post-occupancy performance data and other project information, as well as lessons learned by project owners and developers, architects, engineers, energy modelers, constructors, and operators, each case study answers the questions: What were the challenges to achieving net zero energy performance, and how were these challenges overcome? How would stakeholders address these issues on future projects? Are the occupants satisfied with the building? Do they find it comfortable? Is it easy to operate? How can other projects benefit from the lessons learned on each project? What would the owners, designers, and constructors do differently knowing what they know now? A final chapter aggregates processes to engage in and pitfalls to avoid when approaching the challenges peculiar to designing, constructing, and owning a net zero energy building. By providing a wealth of comparable information, this book which will flatten the learning curve for designing, constructing, and owning this emerging building type and improve the effectiveness of architectural design and construction.

Table of Contents

Linda Reeder , FAIA, LEED AP is an Associate Professor at the School of Engineering, Science and Technology of Central Connecticut State University. She practiced as an architect for more than a decade before becoming a professor in the Construction Management program. She has previously published a book and numerous articles on sustainable design and construction.

Critics' Reviews

Linda Reeder’s book comes along at an exciting time—building design professionals have committed to achieving net zero energy in their projects but need to know more about how to design for it. Reeder presents detailed case studies of projects that cover a range of building types, sizes and geographic locations, and all have been measured to perform at net zero energy or better. Her practical and readable study is a clear and solid contribution to the literature of change we need to build a clean energy future. Edward Mazria, Founder and CEO of Architecture 2030   Net Zero Energy Buildings provides a broad look at the current state of the net zero energy building movement. Linda Reeder highlights all the seminal early-21st-century net zero projects, from new large office buildings, historic retrofits, to K-12 schools across a range of climate zones in the US. Not only does Reeder provide 18 case studies to show cost effective and mainstream net zero projects in operations, but she also provides unique insights into common best practices critical for any owner or designer looking to go net zero in their next project. Shanti Pless, Senior Research Engineer, NREL   Net Zero Energy Buildings provides exactly the kind of information designers, builders, and building owners need today: detailed, technical information on how net-zero-energy performance is being achieved in state-of-the-art buildings. The 18 inspiring projects that Linda Reeder profiles here are reshaping our understanding of what is possible in creating green, sustainable buildings that will help us achieve a carbon-neutral future. This superb book adds immeasurably to the literature on net-zero-energy buildings. Alex Wilson, President, Resilient Design Institute   "…illustrates the potential for renewable energies integrated into building design as applicable to the building site climatic zone, and the solar, wind, and other temperature variables of typical US sites." Building Engineer , March 2017

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Net Zero Energy Buildings

DOI link for Net Zero Energy Buildings

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This book presents 18 in-depth case studies of net zero energy buildings—low-energy building that generate as much energy as they consume over the course of a year—for a range of project types, sizes, and U.S. climate zones. Each case study describes the owner’s goals, the design and construction process, design strategies, measurement and verification activities and results, and project costs.

With a year or more of post-occupancy performance data and other project information, as well as lessons learned by project owners and developers, architects, engineers, energy modelers, constructors, and operators, each case study answers the questions:

• What were the challenges to achieving net zero energy performance, and how were these challenges overcome? How would stakeholders address these issues on future projects?
• Are the occupants satisfied with the building? Do they find it comfortable? Is it easy to operate?
• How can other projects benefit from the lessons learned on each project?
• What would the owners, designers, and constructors do differently knowing what they know now?

A final chapter aggregates processes to engage in and pitfalls to avoid when approaching the challenges peculiar to designing, constructing, and owning a net zero energy building.

By providing a wealth of comparable information, this book which will flatten the learning curve for designing, constructing, and owning this emerging building type and improve the effectiveness of architectural design and construction.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 1 | 83  pages, office buildings, chapter 1 | 17  pages, bullitt center, chapter 2 | 13  pages, dpr construction phoenix regional office, chapter 3 | 21  pages, national renewable energy laboratory research support facility, chapter 4 | 15  pages, the david and lucile packard foundation headquarters, chapter 5 | 16  pages, wayne n. aspinall federal building and u.s. courthouse, part 2 | 88  pages, educational and community buildings, chapter 6 | 14  pages, berkeley public library west branch, chapter 7 | 10  pages, bosarge family education center, chapter 8 | 13  pages, center for sustainable landscapes, chapter 9 | 13  pages, hood river middle school music and science building, chapter 10 | 14  pages, lady bird johnson middle school, chapter 11 | 13  pages, locust trace agriscience center academic building, chapter 12 | 9  pages, painters hall community center, part 3 | 23  pages, chapter 13 | 9  pages, td bank—cypress creek branch, chapter 14 | 12  pages, walgreens in evanston, part 4 | 42  pages, production homes and multi-family housing, chapter 15 | 7  pages, camp lejeune midway park duplex, chapter 16 | 10  pages, eco-village, chapter 17 | 9  pages, zhome townhomes, chapter 18 | 14  pages, paisano green community, part 5 | 19  pages, lessons learned, chapter 19 | 17  pages, shared lessons for future net zero energy projects.

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Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB): A Case Study of Net Zero Energy Home in Pakistan

10.1109/PGSRET.2018.8685970

The common issue all the nations facing these days is the climate change. The entropy of the environment is increasing with the passage of time which affects the ozone layer and increases the global warming potential. The change in climate is mainly due to the emission of GreenHouse Gases (GHGs) which are produces from emission of gases and use of fossil fuels for generation of electricity in Pakistan. Most of the energy is used in commercial buildings as well as in residential buildings. It is the requirement of the hour that buildings are constructed in such a way that they consume lesser amount of energy due to efficient design and generate on-site energy for own utilization as well as to export extra energy to the utility. These Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) use energy from utility only when these sources are unavailable. NZEB play a vital role for sustainable energy utilization, energy security and being environment friendly. This paper gives a comparative analysis of electricity consumption in a conventional building and a NZEB. The concept of smart metering is also used to analyze the advantages of NZEB.

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Net-zero energy building Renewable energy resources Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) net present cost (NPC) hybrid optimization of multiple electric renewables (HOMER)

European Journal of Engineering Science and Technology

Energy Storage

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

MUHAMMAD SHOAIB SALEEM

With the increase in energy demand globally, environmental risks are also becoming more serious than ever before. Emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) are hastily contributing to global warming and ozone depletion phenomenon. Buildings play a major role in consumption of energy and emission of greenhouse gases. It is need of the hour to design such buildings which have zero emission and have renewable resources of energy for on-site generation. The theory of net zero energy and zero emission home is hot topic in the sustainable building industry these days. This study targets to design a model towards energy-neutral or net-zero energy home in sub-zero temperature areas. On-site renewable energy resources are employed to generate energy independently including solar and wind energy. System is simulated for whole year on hourly basis in TRNSYS® simulation software. Results have shown good tendency for the construction of net-zero energy homes and renewable energy resources have shown promising outputs for on-site energy generation. Cold climate areas may have lower energy generation due to lower solar insolation during winter season. Pakistan has shown very good results and surplus energy produced. Lowest value of photovoltaic electric power generated is recorded 680W in Barcelona during January, whereas Sydney has a lot of potential for PV generation of 1400W. For wind turbine with hub height at 46m, system produced 0.2MW lowest value in California and highest value 1.85MW in Karachi. Annual peak zone temperature has been recorded for Lahore 65 o C. System designed finds highest implementation with stated conditions.

Sustainability

puneet saini

The deployment of solar photovoltaics (PV) and electric vehicles (EVs) is continuously increasing during urban energy transition. With the increasing deployment of energy storage, the development of the energy sharing concept and the associated advanced controls, the conventional solar mobility model (i.e., solar-to-vehicles (S2V), using solar energy in a different location) and context are becoming less compatible and limited for future scenarios. For instance, energy sharing within a building cluster enables buildings to share surplus PV power generation with other buildings of insufficient PV power generation, thereby improving the overall PV power utilization and reducing the grid power dependence. However, such energy sharing techniques are not considered in the conventional solar mobility models, which limits the potential for performance improvements. Therefore, this study conducts a systematic review of solar mobility-related studies as well as the newly developed energy con...

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Simulation based performance analysis has been carried out using TRNSYS ® software. Proposed model is tested for 15 fluids for hybrid solar hydrogen production. TRNSYS shows an excellent choice for solar based hydrogen simulation. Available online xxx Keywords: TRNSYS Solar water heater Evacuated glass tube collector Hydrogen energy a b s t r a c t Solar thermal systems are an efficient utilization of solar energy for hot water and space heating at domestic level. A Solar Water Heater (SWH) incorporating an Evacuated Glass Tube Collector (EGTC) is simulated using TRNSYS software. Efficiency parameters are pointed, and a parametric optimization method is adopted to design the system with maximum conceivable efficiency. In the first part, the selection of refrigerant for heat transportation in SWH loop is presented. A set of 15 working fluids are chosen, and their chemical properties are computed using NIST standard software (REFPROP). The selected working fluids are tested in the system under study and plots for energy gain and temperature are plotted using TRNSYS. Results showed that ammonia (NH 3) having specific heat 4.6kJ/kg-K and fluid thermal conductivity 2.12 kJ/hr-m supplies peak energy gain of 7500 kJ/h in winter and 8900 kJ/h in summer season along 120 C temperature rise. On the other hand, R-123 having specific heat 0.65kJ/kg-K and fluid thermal conductivity 0.0293kJ/ hr-m showed inferior performance during the simulation. A solar-hydrogen co-generation system is also designed and simulated under low solar insolation and warm climate regions to study annual hydrogen produced by the hybrid system. System comprises main components: a PV array, an electrolyzer, a fuel cell, a battery, a hydrogen storage unit and a controller in the complete loop. Results of Hydrogen cogeneration system provide 7.8% efficiency in the cold climate of Fargo North Dakota state due to lower solar insolation. While hot climate condition of Lahore weather provides efficiency of 11.8% which satisfy the statistics found in literature.

Engineering Reports

The fast-growing electricity demand in Pakistan and other developing countries has posed a severe challenge to electricity distribution systems. Indeed, most of the utility companies have to follow a trend of load shedding to face this difficulty. Load shedding is the "art" of managing the load demand by shedding loads in critical situations where the demand is higher than the total generation to avoid system failure. Although electricity utilities are suggesting consumers reduce the load during peak hours in their monthly bills, the consumers are not willing or aware of this. It is clear how tedious and tiresome it is to remind the customers what the peak hours are, and manually switch off/on the heavy load during peak and off-peak hours. The estimated cost of the system is around 43$ and 28$ with and without Global System for Mobile Communications module for message notification. Moreover, the distribution feeder has a specific capacity to bear the load in peak hours after this is automatically shut down the whole feeder. In this paper, the simulation analysis of a single-family house is performed for automatic load reduction during peak hours in Proteus software. A hardware prototype is then designed and applied so as to validate the proposed control system. The results show that the proposed scheme allows for an efficient peak shaving during peak hours. For some typical domestic and commercial consumers, the financial benefits are also calculated. It is concluded that the payback period of this device is almost 1 month if it reduces 50% of load during the 4-hour peak time. The proposed system may be implemented as a single additional tool/span is already available energy meters and may quickly be adopted by electric utilities of developing countries to avoid the load shedding trend. K E Y W O R D S demand side management, load shedding, peak hours, smart metering This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ASA2012: The 46th Annual Conference of the Architectural Science Association

Dr Marc O'Riain

Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) are currently an emerging performance target for sustainable commercial buildings. A central issue is how this target can be met either through the design of new buildings or retrofitting of existing buildings. From a review of the NZEB definitions it is argued a new conceptualisation is needed which maps specific carbon abatement emissions for the components of the total energy system. The NZEB approach is examined in four projects. It is argued that retrofitting is needed to achieve reductions in global impact in terms of CO2 but often the scope of work is beyond the owner’s capability, Hence, local, national and global ‘welfare’ (subsidies and incentives) are needed. Nation states in this study are responding differently to this welfare capacity by promoting or penalizing the NZEB building methodologies. More research is need to assess the level of welfare needed to support NZEB and to limit the environmental impacts of commercial buildings in line with GHG abatement targets.

Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal

Historic energy transition from fire to wire was driven by light, heat, and electricity. Fossil fuels phase and form transitions from solid (coal) to liquid (oil) occurred in centuries, liquid (oil) to natural gas in several decades and natural gas to shale in a few decades. Energy transition from molecular fossil fuels to atomic energy was driven by nuclear fission, atomic energy to photons by laser fusion, solar cells and artificial photosynthesis. Grand energy transition from wood to the wire was primarily interest and economy driven , unaware of the environmental consequences. Oil depletion, sustainability, climate change and environmental issues force the scientists to inspire the stakeholders for mandatory energy transition from molecular fossil fuels and atomic reactors to renewable energy sources. Oil depletion geared up renewable energy transition, the discovery of shale gases accomplished the solid to gas phase transition partly slowing down fast renewable energy transition policies. Evolution of extreme weather phenomenon in the form of heat waves, hurricanes, smog, famines and floods again forced the stakeholders to resume the renewable energy transition policies. Innovative technologies, smart grid, energy efficiency and conservation ideas have played their role well. Advances in solar, wind and wave energy technologies have rendered renewable, and alternative energy sources cost competitive with fossil fuels. When renewable energy becomes cheaper than coal and oil, the climate change deniers can have no excuse resist the renewable energy transition. Lexus nexus is nuclear fusion and artificial photosynthesis. This paper reviews past, present and possible nature inspired future energy transitions.

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Developing a Net Zero Energy Building: A Case Study of an Institutional Library

5 Pages Posted: 2 Jul 2018

Sunil Sharma

Malaviya National Institute of Technology

Ashwani Kumar

Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur

Sobhagyawati Gupta

Central University of Rajasthan

Date Written: June 19, 2018

The growing energy demand and means to fulfill it has contributed a lot to ever-increasing carbon emission in the atmosphere.The energy sector in India is facing constant challenges to produce clean energy,and with growing energy demand, this sector has already faced a lot of stress to deal with current situation. To mitigate this challenge all the sectors which are using energy needs to optimize their energy use and to find renewables means to generate energy to fulfill their needs. The building industry is accountable for 40 percent of the total energy consumption and thus needs to improve their energy use through energy efficiency measures and renewable energy use. Energy efficiency in educational buildings is rarely addressed when talked about buildings in general, although, educational buildings can act as a living laboratory for energy efficient building design and can act as role model for surrounding community for transferring knowledge. The library building is one of the most important buildings in the educational campuses,and the most happening place presents a challenge for achieving energy efficiency due to its variable occupancy rates during operational hours. Case study approach is used for this paper for finding out the renewable energy (solar photovoltaic) generational potential of the library building located on the educational campus. For this study, PVsyst software was used for simulating the library building for finding the possibility of implementing solar photovoltaic panels and thus making building self-sufficient on the guidelines of net-zero energy building. Some variable that affects the sizing of the photovoltaic panel for the buildings were taken up includes the area of the roof, shading factors, inverter size, etc. It was found that the with proper integration of solar photovoltaic system and reducing the energy use can be useful in making library building low carbon buildings and with improvement in technology in the field of solar PV systems it may be possible to make library buildings net-zero energy buildings in the near future.

Keywords: Institute, Library, PVsyst, Energy Simulation, Low Energy Building, Net-zero Energy Building

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Sunil Sharma (Contact Author)

Malaviya national institute of technology ( email ).

Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017 India

Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur ( email )

Central university of rajasthan ( email ).

Bander Sindri, NH-8, Kishangarh Dist: Ajmer, Rajasthan, India Kishangarh, 305801 India

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Net-Zero Energy Building – Case Study Al Khobar City, Saudi Arabia

• N. Nader , R. Alsayed
• Published 22 November 2016
• Environmental Science, Engineering

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Application of Phase-Change Materials in Buildings

Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications, review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications, paraffin/porous-graphite-matrix composite as a high and constant power thermal storage material, determination of enthalpytemperature curves of phase change materials with the temperature-history method: improvement to temperature dependent properties, preparation, characterization, and thermal properties of microencapsulated phase change material for thermal energy storage, a review on phase change materials & their applications, thermal storage in drywall using organic phase-change material, thermal energy storage: systems and applications, related papers.

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How to realize Zero Energy Building

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