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Shodhganga – a national level open access ETD repository of Indian electronic theses: current status and discussions

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• Central University of Rajasthan

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On the banks of Shodhganga: analysis of the academic genealogy graph of an Indian ETD repository

• Published: 18 May 2023
• Volume 128 , pages 3879–3914, ( 2023 )

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• Dhananjay Kumar 1 ,
• Plaban Kumar Bhowmick 1 ,
• Sumana Dey 2 &
• Debarshi Kumar Sanyal 3  

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Academic genealogy graphs capture information about the lineage of researchers, encode how knowledge flows from advisors to proteges, and shed light on the birth and evolution of disciplines. In this paper, we study the academic genealogy graph/network (AGN) in Shodhganga which is the Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) database. We have disambiguated the names of the researchers in Shodhganga and constructed the Shodhganga-AGN, which we have analyzed with topological metrics proposed in the literature on general graphs as well as that on genealogy networks. The metrics studied have been able to identify the institutes and researchers that have played a significant role in the development of the Indian higher education system. The largest connected component of Shodhganga-AGN consists of 1356 researchers and 1437 advisor–advisee relationships. The component is dominated by researchers from science and is affiliated primarily with three institutions. We have also studied subgraphs in the genealogy network to identify supervision patterns, and found that most of the subgraph instances connect researchers within a single institution or subject. Thus, our study is a detailed insightful analysis of the academic genealogy of researchers indexed in Shodhganga, and captures the decades-old research ecosystem of India, as expressed through the formal advisor–advisee relationships in Indian universities.

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A Tool for Analyzing Academic Genealogy

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Algorithms flowchart

Algorithm 2-In all the above cases, we have imposed the natural constraint that the advisor’s (who is potentially the same person as the advisee) date of thesis submission to be earlier than the advisee’s thesis submission date. In the case where the number of candidates (advisee) to merge with the advisor is greater than one, we further check them across the available attributes to find the best candidate

Algorithm 3-Initially students with same names and having same department and institute are assigned the same index even if they are referring to different individuals. In that scenario, if advisor information (advisor thesis) is available, we are using that to find the most likely student among all the students (with the same name) associated with him/her. After that, group the remaining students by thesis title and assign them with different indices (Assumption: very less likely that two students with the same name and in the same institute and department has different thesis titles associated with same advisor)

Algorithm 4-Applicable if multiple advisors advised the student (multiple records exist, same student name has variation due to human error (check Appendix Table 2 )), or duplicate records exist, or wrongly combined thesis title. The function merges students with similar names (with slight variation) having the same thesis title. If student names are different across the same thesis index (similarity value less than threshold value), then there is a chance that two different thesis indices are merged wrongly. Therefore, we will not change the student indices

Sample of researcher records with few attributes

Top researchers in shodhganga-agn based on different genealogical metrics, institute abbreviation, nirf ranking, and ddc subject code with subject name, extracted subgraphs structures from shodhganga-agn.

Extracted subgraphs instances from Shodhganga-AGN

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Kumar, D., Bhowmick, P.K., Dey, S. et al. On the banks of Shodhganga: analysis of the academic genealogy graph of an Indian ETD repository. Scientometrics 128 , 3879–3914 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04728-z

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04728-z

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A study of some characteristics of Ph.D. theses uploaded on Shodhganga

This study is an attempt to look into the various characteristics of Ph.D. theses uploaded on Shodhganga from some of the reputed universities across India. The study brings some quantitative aspect as well as some important findings from the qualitative analysis of over a hundred Ph.D. theses from these universities. The study brings out the variations and commonness in the characteristics of the Ph.D. theses uploaded and also important findings relevant with global context.

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The study presents an analysis of the doctoral theses and dissertations in Library and Information Science of central universities of NorthEast India uploaded on Shodhganga portal. A total 67 Ph.D. theses submitted by the universities to the portal were analysed from the point of view of year-wise distribution of theses uploaded, year-wise distribution of theses awarded, page length of theses, and most prolific supervisors among all the universities. It was observed that the maximum theses were submitted in the year 2015, highest PhDs were awarded in the year 2013, maximum theses were spread over 151-200 pages, and Pravakar Rath was the most prolific supervisor with 8 PhDs awarded under him.

India does not have a central repository in which theses are stored from various PhDs across different disciplines. This has led to various kinds of problems from lack of visibility for Indian research to duplication, repetition and even plagiarism in some cases. Most countries have created an online central database where universities as well as researchers post their theses and dissertations. With the proliferation of the Web, this has become a global showcase of research capabilities of each country. Theses and dissertations are known to be the rich and unique source of information, often the only source of research work that does not find its way into various publication channels. The UGC vide its Notification (Minimum Standards & Procedure for Award of. Phil. / Ph.D Degree, Regulation, 2009) dated 1st June 2009 provides for submission of electronic version of theses and dissertation by the researchers in universities in Shodhganga maintained by the INFLIBNET Centre. Universities that sign MoU with the INFLIBNET Centre and mandate submission of electronic version of their theses and dissertation to Shodhganga may get financial assistance from the UGC for digitizing their back-files of theses. Besides, UGC may also provide financial assistance to the INFLIBNET Centre for subscription to software tools that detect plagiarized portion of theses and dissertations. In time to come, ETDs would become more commonplace, grant-giving agencies and accreditation bodies like AICTE, UGC and NAAC would make judgments regarding innovative universities by taking note of their initiatives such as ETDs and IRs. This article aim to explain the purpose and approach of

deivam muniyandi

Theses and dissertation are known to be the rich and unique source of information, often the only source of research work that does not find its way into various publication channels. Theses and dissertations remain an untapped and under-utilized asset, leading to unnecessary duplication and repetition that, in effect, is the antitheses of research and wastage of huge resources, both human and financial. In this paper examines the Electronic thesis and Dissertation (ETDs) deposited at INFLIBNET Shodhganga project by Indian Universities. It is found that 99994 + theses have been deposited on various disciplines by 260 universities. The 3485 synopses were uploaded in the Shodhganga project. In this paper analysed top ten universities contributing electronic theses, year wise contribution and top viewed theses in the database.

This paper examines the Electronic Thesis and Dissertations (ETDs) deposited at INFLIBNET Shodhganga project by Indian Universities. It is found that 55390 theses have been deposited on various disciplines by 239 Universities. The study found that the top ten Universities contribution, ETD year wise growth, ETD Contribution by Major Subject wise, Growth of theses on subjects by year wise (2010-2015), and also found on ETD Growth on subjects in 2015.

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Kalayan Kumbhar

Universities are highly responsible for developing new theories through innovative research studies in all around the globe. Students and scholars are putting their best efforts to produce new facts and principles in these centres of higher studies. In India we have around 350 universities and every year almost more than 12000 PhDs are being produced by these universities. Avoiding duplication of research work is a serious matter of concern to all nations. Innovations in ICTs become a boon to avoid duplication as well as utilization of these studies. An electronic submission of these dissertations and theses are known as ETDs. Modern information and communication technology (ICT) acts as an effective intervener for paradigm shifting from closed access theses and dissertations to open access electronic theses and dissertations (ETD). The present study brings out grate opportunity to the library professionals to implement makes the initiatives to create the MoU from Shodhganga from INFLIBNET for the purpose of submission of electronic theses and dissertations. Nearly 202 universities from 29 States of India are registered in Shodhganga as on 25 th march 2015. It is highlighted one that among the 29 States of India, 32 universiti es from Tamil Nadu are registered in the ETD repository scheme of INFLIBNET. It is encourage one that within three months of 2015, 16 universities are register MoU with INFLIBNET for Shodhganga and it may break the earlier records of registration within end of the 2015. Among the 29 States, 202 universities were signed MoU, It is noticed that 54 universities are registered in 2013, 51 universities in 2012, 38 universities registered in 2011 and 10 universities registered in 2010, as on March 2015, 16 universities are registered MoU with INFLIBNET for Shodhganga. It understands from the table that 14 Government universities and 18 private universities from Tamil Nadu are register with Shodhganga. In the second position, 17 government and 7 private universities from Maharashtra registered for Shodhganga. Among the top 25 Indian university in these list, 5 state universities like such as follow as Anna university, Periyar University, Bharathidasan University, Manonmanian Sundarnar University and Bharathiar University are submitting more ETD to Shodhganga.

H. G. Hosamani Scientist-C(LS)

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