research paper topics for gender roles

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100 Gender Research Topics For Academic Papers

Gender research topics are very popular across the world. Students in different academic disciplines are often asked to write papers and essays about these topics. Some of the disciplines that require learners to write about gender topics include:

Sociology Psychology Gender studies Business studies

When pursuing higher education in these disciplines, learners can choose what to write about from a wide range of gender issues topics. However, the wide range of issues that learners can research and write about when it comes to gender makes choosing what to write about difficult. Here is a list of the top 100 gender and sexuality topics that students can consider.

Controversial Gender Research Topics

Do you like the idea of writing about something controversial? If yes, this category has some of the best gender topics to write about. They touch on issues like gender stereotypes and issues that are generally associated with members of a specific gender. Here are some of the best controversial gender topics that you can write about.

How human behavior is affected by gender misconceptions
How are straight marriages influenced by gay marriages
Explain the most common sex-role stereotypes
What are the effects of workplace stereotypes?
What issues affect modern feminism?
How sexuality affects sex-role stereotyping
How does the media break sex-role stereotypes
Explain the dual approach to equality between women and men
What are the most outdated sex-role stereotypes
Are men better than women?
How equal are men and women?
How do politics and sexuality relate?
How can films defy gender-based stereotypes
What are the advantages of being a woman?
What are the disadvantages of being a woman?
What are the advantages of being a man?
Discuss the disadvantages of being a woman
Should governments legalize prostitution?
Explain how sexual orientation came about?
Women communicate better than men
Women are the stronger sex
Explain how the world can be made better for women
Discuss the future gender norms
How important are sex roles in society
Discuss the transgender and feminism theory
How does feminism help in the creation of alternative women’s culture?
Gender stereotypes in education and science
Discuss racial variations when it comes to gender-related attitudes
Women are better leaders
Men can’t survive without women

This category also has some of the best gender debate topics. However, learners should be keen to pick topics they are interested in. This will enable them to ensure that they enjoy the research and writing process.

Interesting Gender Inequality Topics

Gender-based inequality is witnessed almost every day. As such, most learners are conversant with gender inequality research paper topics. However, it’s crucial to pick topics that are devoid of discrimination of members of a specific gender. Here are examples of gender inequality essay topics.

Sex discrimination aspects in schools
How to identify inequality between sexes
Sex discrimination causes
The inferior role played by women in relationships
Discuss sex differences in the education system
How can gender discrimination be identified in sports?
Can inequality issues between men and women be solved through education?
Why are professional opportunities for women in sports limited?
Why are there fewer women in leadership positions?
Discuss gender inequality when it comes to work-family balance
How does gender-based discrimination affect early childhood development?
Can sex discrimination be reduced by technology?
How can sex discrimination be identified in a marriage?
Explain where sex discrimination originates from
Discuss segregation and motherhood in labor markets
Explain classroom sex discrimination
How can inequality in American history be justified?
Discuss different types of sex discrimination in modern society
Discuss various factors that cause gender-based inequality
Discuss inequality in human resource practices and processes
Why is inequality between women and men so rampant in developing countries?
How can governments bridge gender gaps between women and men?
Work-home conflict is a sign of inequality between women and men
Explain why women are less wealthy than men
How can workplace gender-based inequality be addressed?

After choosing the gender inequality essay topics they like, students should research, brainstorm ideas, and come up with an outline before they start writing. This will ensure that their essays have engaging introductions and convincing bodies, as well as, strong conclusions.

Amazing Gender Roles Topics for Academic Papers and Essays

This category has ideas that slightly differ from gender equality topics. That’s because equality or lack of it can be measured by considering the representation of both genders in different roles. As such, some gender roles essay topics might not require tiresome and extensive research to write about. Nevertheless, learners should take time to gather the necessary information required to write about these topics. Here are some of the best gender topics for discussion when it comes to the roles played by men and women in society.

Describe gender identity
Describe how a women-dominated society would be
Compare gender development theories
How equally important are maternity and paternity levees for babies?
How can gender-parity be achieved when it comes to parenting?
Discuss the issues faced by modern feminism
How do men differ from women emotionally?
Discuss gender identity and sexual orientation
Is investing in the education of girls beneficial?
Explain the adoption of gender-role stereotyped behaviors
Discuss games and toys for boys and girls
Describe patriarchal attitudes in families
Explain patriarchal stereotypes in family relationships
What roles do women and men play in politics?
Discuss sex equity and academic careers
Compare military career opportunities for both genders
Discuss the perception of women in the military
Describe feminine traits
Discus gender-related issues faced by women in gaming
Men should play major roles in the welfare of their children
Explain how the aging population affects the economic welfare of women?
What has historically determined modern differences in gender roles?
Does society need stereotyped gender roles?
Does nature have a role to play in stereotyped gender roles?
The development and adoption of gender roles

The list of gender essay topics that are based on the roles of each sex can be quite extensive. Nevertheless, students should be keen to pick interesting gender topics in this category.

Important Gender Issues Topics for Research Paper

If you want to write a paper or essay on an important gender issue, this category has the best ideas for you. Students can write about different issues that affect individuals of different genders. For instance, this category can include gender wage gap essay topics. Wage variation is a common issue that affects women in different countries. Some of the best gender research paper topics in this category include:

Discuss gender mainstreaming purpose
Discuss the issue of gender-based violence
Why is the wage gap so common in most countries?
How can society promote equality in opportunities for women and men in sports?
Explain what it means to be transgender
Discuss the best practices of gender-neutral management
What is women’s empowerment?
Discuss how human trafficking affects women
How problematic is gender-blindness for women?
What does the glass ceiling mean in management?
Why are women at a higher risk of sexual exploitation and violence?
Why is STEM uptake low among women?
How does ideology affect the determination of relations between genders
How are sporting women fighting for equality?
Discuss sports, women, and media institutions
How can cities be made safer for girls and women?
Discuss international trends in the empowerment of women
How do women contribute to the world economy?
Explain how feminism on different social relations unites men and women as groups
Explain how gender diversity influence scientific discovery and innovation

This category has some of the most interesting women’s and gender studies paper topics. However, most of them require extensive research to come up with hard facts and figures that will make academic papers or essays more interesting.

Students in high schools and colleges can pick what to write about from a wide range of gender studies research topics. However, some gender studies topics might not be ideal for some learners based on the given essay prompt. Therefore, make sure that you have understood what the educator wants you to write about before you pick a topic. Our experts can help you choose a good thesis topic . Choosing the right gender studies topics enables learners to answer the asked questions properly. This impresses educators to award them top grades.

112 Gender Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Gender is a complex and multifaceted aspect of human identity that influences every aspect of our lives. From the way we dress and behave to the roles we play in society, gender plays a significant role in shaping who we are and how we interact with the world around us. With such a wide-ranging and diverse topic, there are countless gender essay topics to explore and discuss. In this article, we will provide 112 gender essay topic ideas and examples to inspire your writing and research.

The impact of gender stereotypes on children's development
Gender inequality in the workplace
Gender representation in the media
The intersection of gender and race
Gender identity and sexual orientation
Transgender rights and activism
The history of the feminist movement
Masculinity in the modern world
The role of gender in politics
Gender and mental health
Gender-based violence and abuse
Gender and education
The gender wage gap
Gender and technology
The portrayal of gender in literature
Gender and body image
Gender and sports
Gender and healthcare
The impact of gender on parenting
Gender and language
Gender and religion
Gender and disability
Gender and aging
Gender and globalization
Gender and social class
Gender and environmental issues
Gender and war
Gender and peacebuilding
Gender and migration
Gender and entrepreneurship
Gender and leadership
Gender and the criminal justice system
Gender and social media
Gender and the arts
Gender and fashion
Gender and popular culture
Gender and body modification
Gender and social norms
Gender and social change
Gender and the family
Gender and marriage
Gender and divorce
Gender and friendship
Gender and sexuality
Gender and reproduction
Gender and parenting
Gender and childhood
Gender and adolescence
Gender and young adulthood
Gender and midlife
Gender and old age
Gender and health
Gender and physical health
Gender and reproductive health
Gender and mental illness
Gender and chronic illness
Gender and addiction
Gender and trauma
Gender and resilience
Gender and coping strategies
Gender and social support
Gender and healthcare access
Gender and healthcare disparities
Gender and healthcare quality
Gender and healthcare outcomes
Gender and healthcare costs
Gender and healthcare policy
Gender and healthcare reform
Gender and healthcare innovation
Gender and healthcare workforce
Gender and healthcare leadership
Gender and healthcare education
Gender and healthcare research
Gender and healthcare ethics
Gender and healthcare advocacy
Gender and healthcare activism
Gender and healthcare organizations
Gender and healthcare technology
Gender and healthcare communication
Gender and healthcare decision-making

These gender essay topic ideas and examples cover a wide range of issues and perspectives related to gender. Whether you are interested in exploring the impact of gender stereotypes on children's development or the intersection of gender and race, there is no shortage of topics to choose from. By delving into these gender essay topics, you can deepen your understanding of the complexities of gender and its influence on society.

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569 Gender Essay Topics & Research Topics on Gender

Looking for gender research topics for your paper? Look no further! In this awesome list, you will find here plenty of research questions about gender, essay topics, discussion ideas, and more. Check it out!

🏆 Best Essay Topics on Gender

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Gender-Based Violence in South Africa
Gender and Sexuality: Essay Example
Elizabethan Era Gender Roles in Shakespeare Plays
The Social Construction of Gender
Gender-Neutral Toilets in Schools
The Social Construction of Gender Roles
Preventing Gender-Based Violence
Gender-Based Violence and Its Effects: Literature Review Gender-based violence is one of the most persistent issues affecting women around the world, and many literary masterpieces were oriented on the massive spread of this problem.
Impact of Fashion on Gender and Sexual Identity Fashion has long been used to communicate gender and sexuality. Clothing is a powerful way of expressing identity and communicating with the outside world.
Gender Inequality Issue and Solutions Gender equality is a key human right that should be enjoyed by everyone. All people – regardless of their gender – should be able to enjoy the same rights and opportunities.
Gender Discrimination Issues and Interventions Women should be encouraged to more actively protect their labor rights, do not be afraid to apply to the prosecutor’s office, the state labor inspectorate, or the court.
Gender Roles in The Tempest Looking for an essay on gender roles in The Tempest by Shakespeare? Here is a great essay sample on the topic! Use it to get inspired.
“Lanval”: Summary & Analysis of Gender Roles and Courtly Love “Lanval” is one of Marie de France’s lais in which the idea of love is discussed from the specific perspective according to which women and men are equal in their love.
Gender Inequality in the Workplace The global fight against gender inequality in the workplace can be successful if appropriate initiatives and interventions are taken at the organizational level.
Gender Lightbulb Moment in Personal Experience The sex-role stereotyping and gender bias can be countered by educating people on the importance of diversity.
Social Construction of Gender and Sexual Dichotomy Gender is usually divided into two sexes, namely male and female, in modern society. Traditionally, gender is determined by various physiological features, such as genitalia.
Gender Roles Effects on Children Development Many aspects of children education affect their development. One of these aspects is the way in which they are taught about gender roles.
Gender Roles in Medea – Stereotypes & Resistance With the help of Medea and Jason, the main characters of the play “Medea”, Euripides presented individuals as complex creatures who carry both women’s and man’s characteristics.
Changing Gender Roles in Families This essay analyzes two articles on family gender roles and argues that the changing gender roles in modern society is rapidly being driven by single parent family controversy.
Gender and Grade Point Average: Statistical Analysis This research paper aims to assess the relationship between Grade Point Average and gender by applying correlation analysis with stratified sampling.
Speech of Emma Watson: Gender Equality The paper discusses the process of Emma Watson makes the first speech called United Nations Address on Gender Equality, focusing on gender equality.
The Issue of Gender-Separated Sports Gender-separated sports provide better opportunities for all gender involved while also respecting gender-related patterns of building social relations.
Gender Stereotypes in Western and Eastern Culture Stereotypes claim that the girls from the east are well behaved. They are shy and respectful, quiet and smart.
Personal Awareness: Gender Identity Personal awareness is an important aspect of life cause it empowers a person on how to make cognizant decisions. Friends, family and society have a profound impact on personality.
Horizontal and Vertical Gender Segregation in Employment Gender segregation refers to unequal distribution of men and women in the occupational structure. Vertical segregation refers to placing men at the top of occupational hierarchies.
Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Culture In the contemporary society, gender and sexuality forms the basis for recognition. In effect, social construction defines that males and females are different creatures.
How Gender Stereotypes Affect Society Gender stereotypes are harmful because they only teach men and women to act in certain ways; they confine people to a set of behaviors associated with their gender.
Influence of Gender on Life and Sexism Sexism is a negative phenomenon meaning that individuals face various opportunities and attitudes based on their genders.
Gender Stereotyping in the “Pretty Woman” Movie The movie Pretty Woman, starring Julia Roberts and Richard Gere, created quite a bit of stirring among the feminist supporters of the country.
Gender Representation in Akira Kurosawa’s Films This paper is intended to analyze one of the most controversial topics of Kurosawa’s films, specifically gender representation.
Gender Roles in “The Handmaid’s Tale” by Atwood Margaret Atwood’s “The Handmaid’s Tale” is a novel illustrating a dystopian system in which fertile women become the maids of couples who cannot conceive.
Women and Gender Roles in “Antigone” by Sophocles Sophocles’ “Antigone” tells a story of a woman who disobeys the order of the ruler of Thebes who decided to leave the body of her brother unburied on the battlefield.
Women and Men Empowerment for Gender Equality The current world has emphasized women empowerment that has led to men’s disempowerment. It is important to involve men in the intervention of gender equality.
Gender Roles in “Wide Sargasso Sea” by Jean Rhys The impacts of colonialism and civilisation on the society in the Jean Rhys’ novel, Wide Sargasso Sea and specifically regarding its impact on gender roles in society.
Gender Differences in Using the English Language This paper investigates gender differences in using the English language to understand the attitudes of men and women when they choose the way of pronunciation and vocabulary.
Cultural Impact on Gender and Sexuality The biblical understanding of sexuality and gender perceives gender as a result of differences in traditional scripts for boys and girls.
Sex and Gender as a Social Phenomenon The paper establishes the differences between sex and gender; defines the term of gender identity; interprets gender from the viewpoint of every sociological angle.
Gender Differences in Delinquency Research shows that gender is the most influential correlate for juvenile delinquency. In other words, males tend to commit more crimes than women.
Japanese vs. American Male Gender Roles American males perceived their women as weak and powerless creatures requiring protection, whereas the Japanese male stereotypes envisioned their women as being subordinate to men.
Gender Discrimination and Performance in the Workplace While talking about the gender discrimination, both sexes are considered although on discrimination the female are mainly on the receiving end.
Objective Social Structure: Race, Gender, and Class The vast majority of social divisions take place based on race, gender, and class, where one or all three categories are imposed on individuals.
Race and Gender Stereotypes in Literature Literary texts are used to advance gender and race-related stereotypes. In this paper, the author examines three literary texts: Araby, The Hound of the Baskervilles and The False Gems.
The Movie”Smurfs”: The Problem of Gender Roles The gender roles in the Smurfs are polarized and fixed between male and female stereotypes, which is a mentality of the past.
Multiculturalism as a Threat to Gender Equality To make democratic states realize that tolerance must not equal acceptance and that the specifics of a particular culture must not be projected onto another one.
Futurama Series Speaks Against Gender Stereotypes Although Futurama may seem to be a sexist series, at first sight, a closer examination reveals several directions in which this work speaks against gender stereotypes.
Gender Bias in Sports Commentary Observations The analysis of the ESPN coverage of sporting events shows that, although women are portrayed mostly equally, they generally receive less media attention than men.
Postmodern Feminism and Its Theory of Gender as Social Construction Post modern feminists argue that there are no natural building blocks between genders. It is the society that structures human being in a particular way to keep differences.
Gender & Feminism in A Doll’s House The paper uses a combination of gender focus and reader-response approaches and argues that in “A Doll’s House” women’s self-sacrifice is viewed as a regular responsibility.
Gender Roles: “What’s That Smell in the Kitchen” by Piercy “What’s That Smell in the Kitchen” by Marge Piercy is a poem that speaks against gender-stereotyped roles in society. It considers as a feminist literary piece of the 20th century.
Susan Glaspell’s ‘Trifles’ – Gender Oppression and Justice The drama Trifles by Susan Glaspell revolves around the murder of John Wright, a farmer described by his peers as an honest and hard-working man.
Biology and Culture of Gender Color Stereotypes This paper attempts to answer this question and determine whether the indicated color genders are biologically based or culturally embedded.
The Problem of Gender Identity in Sports Allowing athletes to compete regardless of their gender may effectively address gender segregation often shown in sports.
Gender Inequality in French Hospitality Industry The study scrutinizes the French hotel and tourism sector and the concerns and challenges women encounter in management roles and compares them to the trends.
Gender in The Great Gatsby & The Yellow Wallpaper The complexities of men and women in the texts were examined and evaluated on the basis of sexuality and relationship and the inferences would be supported by the text itself.
Is Gender a Culturally or Biologically Perscribed Role? The concept of gender as a product of culture or biology has been debated and analyzed by various researchers. The result of this debate has further polarized the topic.
Gender Dynamics in Development This essay opens with the indication of how serious gender dynamics affect life. Gender issues must be understood if development goals are to be realized.
Gender Roles and Inequalities in Advertisement The perfume for men, Dior Sauvage, was released in 2019, and an advertising campaign supported it with Johnny Depp.
Social Learning and Gender Schema Theories The paper states that social learning theory and gender schema theory, studying the same subject, provide their perceptions of gender-role development.
Gender and Sexuality in Modern Society The topic of gender and sexuality emphasized how anthropology is connected to modern society and the world as it provides a cultural perspective on women’s role in society.
Gender Gaps in Student Academic Achievement The following research paper will focus on the issue discussed by Tsai et al. in “Gender gaps in student academic achievement and inequality.”
Gender Is a Culturally Prescribed Role, Rather Than a Biological Sex The debates concerning the notions of “sex” and “gender” have been going on over the years.
Addressing the Issue of Gender Equality Gender equality is one of the core problems of the current century. It means providing equal conditions for men and women
Gender Discrimination in “Disgrace” by J.M Coetzee J.M Coetzee’s book “Disgrace” that has been examined in this paper explores the nature of gender discrimination meted on women in South Africa.
The Gender Dysphoria Concept Gender dysphoria is a condition that manifests in a mismatch between a person’s biological sex and gender identity.
Role of Gender in Society In today’s society, equality is an issue that has not been fully achieved and integrated in the society, and hence gender roles are very distinguishable
Impact of Globalization on Norms and Experiences around Gender Inequality is one of the most prolonged global debates that have refused to go away despite the great strides made through globalization
The Gender Pay Gap in Australia The existence of a gender gap is a severe problem for economic equality in a democratic society. This paper tests the idea that a gender pay gap exists using Australian workers.
“Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment” by Kabeer Gender inequality is an issue that has led to endless debates with different people proposing diverse solutions to ensure equality is exercised.
Nursing Attitudes toward Trans and Gender-Nonconforming Pediatric Patients The PICO question of the paper: Does nursing knowledge and attitudes toward trans and gender-nonconforming pediatric patients improve cultural competence and healthcare disparities?
Gender, Racial Discrimination, and Exclusion in Toni Morrison’s “Paradise” “Paradise” addresses the issue of racism by narrating a story about African Americans who move to the town of Ruby, in which people repeat certain mistakes.
Societal and Gender Construction Affecting Incidents of Domestic Violence The paper intends to explore how societal and gender construction can affect the incidences of domestic violence.
Marriage and Inequalities With Gender The issue of bridging gender equality has been the center of debate in the 21 century. The role of women in society could no longer be underestimated.
Performative Acts and Gender Constitution The rationale for Butler’s idea that gender represents actions that are norms and traditions of our society reflects cultural and historical experience.
Themes of Feminism & Gender in A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen Ibsen is considered one of the most successful play writers of the 19th century. He has a large body of work in various genres of literature.
Gender in “The Chrysanthemums” by John Steinbeck John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums focuses on the theme of gender roles and the discrimination of women based on their gender.
Gender is an Often Culturally-Prescribed Role Over the years, there were debates about notions of “sex” and “gender”. The recent point of view is that gender roles are not universal for every individual.
Gender Divide and Solidarity in Susan Glaspell’s ‘Trifles’ Trifles is an one-act play written by Susan Glaspell which crux of the story is the murder of John Wright, and the subsequent investigation of this event by other characters.
Factors Contributing to the Gender Pay Gap in the UK The gender pay gap still exists; this essay will discuss what causes the gap and human resource strategies to eliminate the inequalities in remunerations.
Gender Inequality and Feminism in a TV Series Gender inequality indicators measure quantifiable aspects of biases against women or men. It is the women who suffer the most from gender discrimination.
The Issue of Gender Discrimination Related to Business and Society In this paper, the issue of gender discrimination will be analyzed based on how the deteriorated relationships taking root from societal issues affect all sides of the conflict.
What About Gender Is Most Interesting to Sociologists? Before the emergence of the discipline of gender studies, there was an understanding that the social is biologically determined.
Does Gender Affect the Type of Law Violation? One of the most predominant and consistent observations in the criminal justice system is that the type of law violation is often dependent on gender.
Discussion of Gender and Society Themes in Films The paper discusses gender and society themes in “The Power of Categories”, “How to Survive a Plague”, “Intersexion” and “The Edge Of Gender”.
Single Parenthood Households and Gender-Related Issues In contemporary society, single parenthood has become common. Marriages between two couples are no longer popular.
Gender Issues in the Leadership of the Organization Traditional stereotypes of women as being less suited for leadership roles is also one of the reasons why gender has been linked to leadership.
Shifting Gender Norms in Isabel Allende’s The House of the Spirits The questions of gender equality and the role of women in family and society are central for Isabel Allende’s novel The House of the Spirits that was first published in 1982.
Gender Stereotypes and Misunderstanding Stereotypes predetermine a human life and a female life, in particular, explaining the approaches that can change the situation, and defining the power of stereotypes.
Is Gender Natural or Acquired? Gender may be categorized as both natural and acquired since one has the ability to transform from one gender to another.
Gender Equality in Britain in the 20th Century In Britain, the media through the television systems operated discussions and seminars on issues concerning gender in society.
Gender in Sophocles’ Tragedy Antigone One such tragedy is Antigone, written by Sophocles; it features a strong female character in opposition to an oppressive, politically bound male.
The Role of Gender in Social and Moral Development Gender is a quality that society has been using as a source of information about a person for centuries, concluding one’s personality.
Sociology of Race, Gender, Identity, and Sexuality The paper provides significant information on how such aspects as race, gender, identity, and sexuality relate to and influence society.
Cinderella and Girl: Feminist and Gender Critique Anne Sexton, in her poem Cinderella focuses on the position of women in society on the material of the well-known fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm.
Nature-Nurture Debate of Gender Identity The paper states that what determines the gender of an individual, nature or nurture, was of interest to people long before the advent of gender studies.
Sexism and Gender Inequality in Sport The paper reviews an example of sexism and gender inequality and academic scholarship on the topic. Women athletes have faced gender inequality and sexism.
Gender and Racial Socialization Racial and gender socialization are essential components of socialization and contain messages on behaviors unacceptable for males, females, and different racial groups.
Sexual Agency: The Gender Politics of Campus Sex Sexual agency is the ability to make decisions freely in situations that involve a sexual context. It is the choice of whether one wants to engage in sexual activity.
Gender Relations in Roman Society The aspect of gender relations in Rome involves some peculiarities which help to perceive the whole essence of the Roman culture.
Women: Gender Inequality and Discrimination This paper explains whether innate gender differences exist and how they determine the abilities, choices, and aptitudes that differentiate men from women.
Gender and Cultures in Conflict Resolution The conflict resolution measures should not solely end conflicts, but should also help to restore the fighting communities together.
Gender and Sexual activity: Literature Review This literature review focus on various perspectives of gender and sexuality in the context of different arenas of social groups.
Gender Discrimination in Society and Social Media: Solutions The paper finds out to what extent discriminatory attitudes are present in different societies and how much social media induce them.
Gender, Race and Sexuality Issues in Society Gender is understood in broader terms in the sense that inferior races are believed to be more feminine while the perceived superior races are masculine.
Role of Mass Media in Gender Issues This paper discusses the role of mass media in the presentation of gender and examines standards from various media sources to demonstrate how some news stories develop.
Chip ‘n Dale Rescue Rangers: Gender Roles The domination of the female gender in the cartoon Chip ‘n Dale Rescue Rangers is presented with the expression of the males’ agreement to subject to that domination.
Modern Issues of Gender Studies The study of gender entails consideration of men and women in the society. The subject defines the notion of gender and how society has been shaping the concept over the time.
Gender and Sexuality and Their Role in Life The importance of studying the subjects of gender and sexuality should be discussed concerning their role in different aspects of people’s lives.
Understanding Different Gender Roles and the Impact on Marketing There are traditional and nontraditional gender roles that determine how male and female models are used in commercials.
Gender Roles in the Boys Don’t Cry Movie Boys Don’t Cry is a famous movie directed by Kimberly Peirce. It explores the influence of rigid gender-based behavioral expectations on a person’s well-being and safety.
Gender Differences in Development of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia has varied effects on men’s and women’s sexual life. These effects could be due to variances in the start of schizophrenia at different ages.
Gender Roles in a Modern Society Throughout the history of humanity, a woman has been assigned the role of being dependent on a man and, to some extent, subordinate to him.
Gender in Traditional Superhero Costumes The traditional superhero costumes reinforce gender and sexuality by emphasizing the need for men to be well-built and the women to reveal their upper body and legs.
Intersectionality of Race and Gender The paper states that considering the scope of the stigma that overwhelms the lives of women of different races, intersectionality continues to impose a moral struggle on women.
How Society Influences the Gender Roles Society should reconsider some of the gender roles to close the gap and give people equal opportunities to thrive and explore.
Gender Bias During the Hiring Process Gender bias in hiring has been a problem that many organizations have dealt with, as many employers prefer to hire men because of the notion that they are more committed.
Gender Equality in the Media Workforce Gender equality has come a long way since what it had been 40 years ago that’s why denying the progress is pointless, as many changes were made, for the better.
Intersectionality in Gender and Sexual Differences Intersectionality is an issue that significantly contributes to the imminent challenge among personalities in the community.
Analyzing the Relationship Between Gender and Victimization Women generally do not perform criminal activities as often as men. What is more, they are clearly underrepresented in the criminal justice system.
Gender Differences in Agressive Behavior The belief that violence is observed mostly in men than in women in the daily observations has a stable base in the records of crime and also in the common perception about gender.
Gender Mainstreaming For Effective Development Of Our Company Gender mainstreaming entails assessing the effects to both men and women of any planed undertaking be it legislative, a program or policies covering all levels of development.
Gender Symbols Usage in International Family-Oriented Marketing The concepts of social structuring and the formation of gender symbols are considered to be the central issues of family-oriented marketing developing on the international level.
Gender Non-Conforming or Transgender Children Care The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges to be aware of when working with gender non-conforming or transgender children and adolescents.
Gender Gap in Financial Literacy The presented paper studies the topic of the differences in financial knowledge between male and female undergraduate psychology students.
The Concept of Gender Socialization and Ageism As they grow older, children are expected to soak up the information about social norms as a sponge and learn to demonstrate the appropriate reactions to other people’s actions.
Gender Discrimination and Intervention Program It is unreasonable to believe that a single effort will absolve humankind of gender inequality. But a set of strategies may pave the way for future improvements.
Gender Identification in Coed Dormitories Nowadays, in the dormitories of the American University, the implementation of effective policies and norms plays an important role.
Gender Differences in Mate Selection Gender differences influences who men and women seek to be their mates. Social, cultural and biological factors in individuals affect what they choose to be of importance, while selecting a person of interest.
Gender Bias Issues: Types of Gender Bias in the Workplace and Their Impact on Productivity Issues of gender bias have been identified as critical in organizational theory and behavior. Today there are more calls for equal treatment of both men and women in organizations.
Gender Equality and Women’s Rights The issue of gender equality in society has gained popularity in the course of the precedent century with the rise of the feminist movement and women’s struggle for equal rights.
Does the Gender Pay Gap Still Exist? Although a lot of people believe that in the modern world, the gender pay gap is closing fast, in fact, the real state of things is quite the opposite–the discrepancy is as wide as it has ever been.
Gender Display in TV Shows, Movies and News From the television to the movies going to the news, men have always been at the forefront, eventually overshadowing women in the media industry.
Sexuality in “Love Beyond Gender” by Alysia Abbott The question of sexuality has always been an ongoing issue for human society. Sexual interest impacts the life of an individual and predetermines the choice of a partner.
The Color of Sex: Postwar Histories of Race and Gender The article “The Color of Sex: Postwar Photogenic Histories of Race and Gender in National Geographic Magazines” disclosed how the images of people of color are formed by the popular culture.
Gender Changes in the Film “Far from Heaven” by Todd Haynes The movie “Far from Heaven” by Todd Haynes examines how and why gender has changed since the 1950s in the US. The story describes the traditional family of Whitakers living in 1957.
Female Gender Bias in College Female gender bias in college is a current problem of the society that refers to the gender inequality issues in higher educational settings.
The Role of Gender in Interactions via Social Media Females tend to focus on development of certain relationships and creating a community while males tend to use social media to get information, have fun and so on.
Untraditional Gender Roles Distribution The experiences of different cultures and family institution patterns show that gender role distribution can have various forms.
Unveiling the Gender Gap: Feminist Theory in Sociology Feminist theory in sociology shifts the emphasis from men to women and from social structure to the lived experiences of individuals.
Gender Pay Gap From Feminist Perspective Feminists are in the best position to comprehend and articulate the causes of the problems women face in society, which include the gender pay gap.
Career-Related Decision-Making and Gender Differences The paper focuses on career-related decision-making differences between men and women in general and the incidence of depression in the context of career advancement in particular.
Gender and Racial Equality Barriers in the Workplace Gender and racial bias still exist in many fields, resulting in significant turnover rates among female and black workers.
Gender, Generations, and Communications The discussion focused on developing different approaches to bridging socio-cultural discrepancies associated with different generations in the workplace.
Economic Inequality Between Genders Discussions on the problems of gender inequality have been going on for decades that’s why the difference in the earnings between men and women is called the gender pay gap.
Gender Inequality at Google Inc. Some percentage of women employed in Google shows that it is possible and both genders should work hard to get a job there.
Gender, Philosophy, and Religion in the Axial Age The philosophers of the axial age were primarily involved in the discussion of justice as the principal condition of citizens’ wellbeing.
Absurd of Predetermined Gender Roles in Literature This essay aims to analyze “The Importance of Being Earnest,” “Blood Relations,” and “Essay” to argue for the absurdity of predetermined gender roles in society.
Gender Roles in Married at First Sight and Other Media Sources Every society and culture have different gender role expectations. This paper focuses on the comparison of the media sources’ assumptions about genders.
Sally Haslanger’s “Gender and Race” Review In Sally Haslanger’s philosophical essay ‘Gender and Race: (What) are they? (What) do we want them to be?’ the author utilizes an analytical approach to gender and race.
Gender Quotas in Saudi Arabia: Unpacking the Political Conditions Talking about gender quotas and their sociology, it is interesting to take a look at the example of Saudi Arabia. It is the seemingly most unexpected place to introduce a policy.
Gender Bias in the Aviation Industry The findings of the court of appeal in the case of Cello Diaz versus Pan American World Airways, was significant towards employment equity.
Perkin-Gilman’s Feminist Theory and View on Gender Discrimination In “The Yellow Wallpaper”, Gilman depicts in novel structure how the house turns into a women’s jail and how being shut in could lead to mental distress in women.
Gender Stereotyping in Audi’s Used Car Ad Audi’s Used Car Ad was chosen because it sparked outrage on Chinese social media and worldwide because of the severe misogyny and stereotyping.
Gender and Entrepreneurship Relations This paper analyzes how different factors affect both men and women in deciding to become entrepreneurs. Marital status is a significant factor for entrepreneurial women.
Sexism & Gender Wage Gap: Deconstructing the Myths A recent Harvard study reveals that the gender earnings gap is primarily associated with the amount of time one works.
Gender Discrimination as an Ethical Issue Society is related to discrimination, inequality, and ethical injustice due to the increasing rates of incompetence incidence based on racial, gender, or ethnic affiliation.
Gender-Related Barriers to E-commerce Adoption in the UAE The work diagnoses the problem of low E-Commerce adoption among Emirati women by identifying barriers and proposing possible strategies and tactics for removing them.
Representing Islam: Racial and Gender Identities For African women, racial and ethnic identities are potentially viewed as their sources of discrimination, which have had a detrimental influence on social interactions.
Gender, Race, and Trade Unions It can be noted that there are particular strategies, which can be applied when gender or racial discrimination happens.
Impact of Gender and Sexuality on Advertisement Sex, gender, and sexuality often appear in advertisements for various products. It is so because these phenomena have a robust impact on people.
Gender Roles Within Greek Society Gender roles in Greek society were determined by social and cultural traditions, position of women in society and their significance as citizens.
Advertising and Gender Roles Mass media, especially television imposes certain stereotypes on our consciousness and the most interesting thing is that we take these stereotypes as examples.
Gender Roles and Psychological Health The emergence of traditional gender roles and the images of masculinity and femininity can be regarded as an attempt to organize society and create stable social structures.
Gender Studies: Feminine Men and Masculine Women Women have a vital role in society: they bring up children and ensure the comfort and psychological well-being of all the family members.
Chapter 12 of Introduction to Women’s and Gender Studies by Gills & Jacobs Chapter 12 of “Introduction to Women’s and Gender Studies” by Gills & Jacobs made me think that feminism is often misunderstood due to the diversity of opinion.
Male Gender Role in the Chinese Workplace The expectations placed on males are very high, given that a man is viewed as both the protector and the provider in the Chinese culture.
Gender Expectations in the Disney Film “The Little Mermaid” This article will show that the Disney’s work magnifies the evolving roles of women in society, and despite the existing tensions and backlash, women are integrating successfully into the society.
The Five-Factor Theory, Personality, and Gender Freud developed the psychosocial stages of human development. It begins at childhood to adulthood. The primary concern in his study was that people grow through various stages.
Behavioral Learning Approach and Gender-Role Behavior
Income Inequality Based on Gender
Gender in the 21st Century: Fighting Dangerous Stereotypes
Gender is a Role, not a Biological Sex, and it is Cultural
How Gender Norms and Stereotypes Contribute to Inequality in Society
A Critical Analysis of Gender Dynamics in Glaspell’s ‘Trifles’
Gender Dynamics in American Slavery
Plato vs. Wollstonecraft on Education and Gender Relations
Gender: Navigating State, Religion and Gender
The Role of Gender in Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper”
Chapter 5 “Gender” of “The Family” by Cohen
Examples of Employment Discrimination: Gender, Age, Race, & Others
Gender Roles in Dual-Income Families
Racial Formation and Gender Performance in “13th”
Gender: The Social Roles of Men and Women
The Autism-Gender Relationship Analysis
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
How Societies Construct Gender Identities, Sexual Practices, and Gendered Bodies
The Gender-Based Pay Inequality Factors
Gender Inequality in “The Yellow Wallpaper”, “A Rose for Emily”, and “Trifels”
Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Characteristics of Pain in Spain
Children and Gender: Growing Up Trans by Frontline PBS Review
Gender and Students’ Performance
Gender Intersectionality: Fighting Discrimination
The Gender Pay Gap and Coping Strategies
Gender Socialization During the First 12 Years of Life
Heart Disease Risk Profiles and Gender Differences
“Gender Disparity in Students’ Choices…” by Zhang et al.
Gender Diversity Within and Beyond School Contexts
Analyzing Gender Bias in the Fire Department
Forum: Gender and Gender Roles
Embracing Gender Identity: Pursuing a Fulfilling and Authentic Life
Smoking and Gender Factors of Lung Cancer
Discussion: Race, Gender, and Science
Gender Identity and Correctional Institutions
Global Gender Inequality and Its Main Trends
Gender and Sexuality in the United States History
Gender and Race in Langston Hughes’ Poetry of the Spanish Civil War
Gender Differences in Schizophrenia
Gender, Labor, and Power in the Global Apparel Industry by Jane L. Collins
Shifting Gender Politics in Fashion and Textiles
The Influence of Gender and Power Disparities on the Workplace
Gender Equality: Language and Literature
Gender Norms’ Impact on Men and Women
Stereotypes of Gender Roles
The Relationship Between Gender and GPA
Gender Inequality for Men and Women
Critical Areas in Women and Gender Studies
The Types of Law Violations: Gender Effects
Race, Sex, and Gender in Cultural Anthropology
Gender as a Social Construct and Related Issues
Gender Equality in Daily Life: Fictional Works Analysis
The Gender Concept and Its Impact on Health and Wellness
Contemporary Gender Equality Challenge
The US History, Markets, Geography, and Gender Politics
Gender Inequality Among Women in Canada
Gender Equality Cannot Be a Universal Concept
The Gender-Based Marketing and Its Negative Sides
Importance of Gender Reveal Ultrasound
The Gender Pay Gap Problem: Why Women Earn Less
Age and Gender Stratification in Older Adults
Gender Role Differences and Immigration
Sexuality and Gender-Related Behavior During Adolescence
Society’s Conception of Gender Roles in Media
Health Care Disparities: Race and Gender
Gender Differences and Self-Esteem in Exact Sciences
Issues Associated With Gender and Incarceration
The Gender Influence on the Language of Communication
The Issue of Gender Inequality in Kenya
Gender Stereotypes in Academic and Family Settings
Gender Stereotype in Advertisement
What Will Happen When AI Picks Up Social Biases About Gender?
Gender Stereotypes Have Changed by Eagly et al.
Housing Discrimination Across Race, Gender, and Felony History
Racial and Gender Macroaggression in the White College Campus
Aspects of Society in Relation to Gender and Sex
Gender Identity Development
Race and Gender in 17th-18th Century American Colonies
“Glass Ceiling” in the Theory of Gender Studies
Gender Roles in the Buddhist Culture
Historical Review of Gender Inequality in the USA
Gender, Sexuality, Power Relations, and Social Expectations
Disability: Social Origin and the Role of Aging, Gender, and Race
Ethics: Discourses of Love and Gender
Toxic Masculinity and Gender Equality in the US
Aspects of Parenting and Gender Roles
Gender Inequality in Security Sector
Gender Diversity in Organizations
Telephone Culture and Role of Gender Differences
Social Work Assignment: Gender, Money, and the Charity Organization Society
Issues of Female Gender in Modern World
Gender Roles in Advertisements
Discussion of Race and Gender Identity
Ethnicity, Race, and Gender as Social Constructs
Gender in Workplace and Induction Case Study
Gender Ideology in the 1930s by Alice Kessler-Harris
Women in Business and Gender Diversity Policy
Gender and Sexual Scripts in the American Culture
Gender Identity Evolution and Its Results
Gender Disparity in Citations in High-Impact Journal Articles
Social Constructs of Race and Gender
Data, Technology, Gender, and Society
Gender Roles in Trifles Play by Susan Glaspell
Gil’s Idea of the Paradoxical Body and Gender Constitution and Concerning Black Identity
The Labels Adolescents Use to Describe Their Gender Identity
Discussion of Sex, Gender, and Culture
Gender Differences in Aggression
Gender Inequality in Social Inequality
Fair Treatment of Both Genders and John Rawls’ Theory of Justice
Intersection of Disability Justice, Race, and Gender
Gender Differences in the Dream Content of Children and Adolescents
Gender Equality Strategies in Education
Issues of Sex and Gender in Society Today
Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Citizenship
Discussion of Gender Roles in Modern World
Role of Gender Stereotypes in Advertising
Gender, Emotional Labor, Harm, and Safety
Gender and Ethnic Diversity in Leadership
Gender Equality: Do Women Have Equal Rights?
The Inclusivity of Language: Gender Issues
Gender Diversity: Impact on the Organizational Performance
Gender Stereotypes and Their Role in Advertising
Gender Education: Sociological Review
The Gender-Neutral Conceptualization of Parenting
Global Misunderstanding of the Idea of Feminism and Gender Equality
How Gender, Race, and Class Impact Criminality Levels
Sex and Gender Equality in a Personal Worldview
Gender Pay Gap for Women: The Main Causes
Gender Stereotyping at Workplaces
Researching of Gender and Work-Life Balance
The Problem of Gender Stereotypes
The Politics of Gender and Race in the Ilbert Bill Controversy
Gender Norms and Contemporary Culture
Gender Pay Gap Problem Overview
Gender and Ethnic Diversity in Healthcare
Gender Pay Gap in the Modern Society
Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents
Gender, Power, Privilege, and Feminism in the USA
Gender Impact on Societies Worldwide
Occupational Gender Segregation and Its Causes
Gender Equality as Smart Economics’ Policy Agenda
Marketing and Interaction Through Social Media Platforms and Gender Inequalities
Social Construction of Race and Gender in the United States and Brazil
Discussion of Gender Bias in Research
Social Construction of Gender. Sociology in Modules
“Women’s Assessments of Gender Equality Critique” by Kurzman
Gender Messages From Social Institutions: Family, School, and Mass Media
Gender-Role Attitudes: Society Values & Standards
Gender-Oriented Products: Branding and Marketing
Role of Ideology and Institutions in Gender Inequality
Gender and Communication in “Modern Family” by Lloyd
Discusses of the Role of Gender in the Employment
Culture, Gender, and Price in Consumer Behavior
Gender, Social Structure and Division of Labor
Doing Genders: Social Constructs of Gender
Vision of Gender Stratification in an Advertisement
Relationship Between Gender and Death Anxiety
Families, Gender Relations and Social Change in Brazil
The Problems of Gender Inequality
Implications of Current Gender Expectations
Racial and Gender Disparities Among Evicted Americans
What Makes an Ideal Society? Revolutionary Ideas for Gender Equality
Gender Differences in Public Health
Integration of Gender Equality in Organizational Management
“Gender Gap in Academic Seminar Questions” by Pells
Gender Representation in American Pop Culture
Gender Inequality Articles by Beaumont vs. Eigenberg
Age and Gender Discrimination in the Workplace
Evolution, Not Revolution: Gender Law and Women Rights in Saudi Arabia
Qualitative Research on the Gender Perception of E-Commerce
“Gender Wage Gap”: The Pay Disparity Issue
Factors that Contribute to the Housework Gender Gap
Gender Inequality in Ohio’s Education and Labor Market
Gender Differences in the Treatment and Outcomes of Patients With ACSs
The Effects of Gender on Child Obesity
Gender Pay Gap: Making Change With Civil Disobedience
Influence of Culture and Gender on Personality Disorders Diagnosis
Intersectionality of Religion with Gender, Race, and Class
Gender Identity in Life-Span Development
Gender Norms, Roles, and Stereotypes: Act Analysis
Embracing Equality: Gender in Medieval Europe
Gender Effect on the Growth of Nursing as a Knowledge-Based Profession
Oppressive Gender Norms and Roles
Intersectionality of Gender With Race, Culture, and Politics
Sex and Gender Beyond the Binaries
Job Limitation and Gender Sensitivity
Queer Representation of Gender and Sexual Non-Conformity
Comparison of Gender Differences in Communication
Gender: Do People Choose Their Sexual Orientation?
Gender Equality: Men as Daycare Professionals
Gender and Sexual Labeling
“Is Gender Equality the Silent Killer of Marriages?” Article Analysis
Dominant Parenting Styles: Gender-Differentiated Parenting Revisited
Trans Individuals’ Sexual and Gender Identities
Household Composition and Gender Differences
Factors of the Gender Pay Gap
Woman and Gender Equality in Canada
‘Sex Under Pressure: Jerks, Boorish Behavior, and Gender Hierarchy’ by S. A. Anderson
Challenging Gender Norms: Personal Experience
Gender Norms in Different Cultures
Racial and Gender Diversity in Hollywood
Gender Issues in the Us Correctional System
Gender Inequality in Modern Societies and Its Reasons
Racial and Gender Issues in Modern Society
Gender-Assigned Social Norms: Male Socialization Experiences
Gender Identity in Athletics: “The Battle Over Title IX and Who Gets to Be a Woman in Sports”
Hispanic Community: Alcohol & Substance Abuse Among the Female Gender Population
Gender Stratification and Divorce Trends
The Article About Gender Gap and Delinquency
Gender, Sex, and Sexuality in the U.S.
Gender Stigmas: From the Past to the Present
The Impact of Gender on Pay and Their Gap
Sociological Issues About Social Class and Poverty, Race and Ethnicity, Gender
Ethical Dilemma of Worldwide Gender Equality
Human Rights and Gender Issues: “The Love Suicides at Amijima” & “Tale of Kieu”
Racial, Ethnic and Gender Categories in the U.S. Census
“Gender and Education” by David, Ball, Davies, and Reay
Childhood Gender Analysis: Factors Influencing Gender Perception
Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Adults
Gender Conflict in “Sweat” by Zora Neale Hurston
Primetime TV Shows and Gender Portrayals
Finding the Link Between Gender and Sexuality
Gender in Perception of Barriers to E-commerce in UAE
Gender as a Role, Cultural and Not Biological
Images and Messages Patterns About Gender Given by Advertisers in Mass Media
Gender and Cultural Factors in Risky Behavior Among Adolescents in the US and Asia
Formation of Sexual Identity, Sexual Customs and Gender Bodies
The Role of a Gender in the Media
Influence of Gender and Race on Our Life Experiences
Gender & Politics in Post- Modernist Society
Gender Representation: Term Definition
Identities, Gender & Sexuality: Linguistic Anthropology
What Ideas About Gender & Sexuality Are Communicated by Contemporary Fashion Images?
Gender Ideology in the U.S. and Japan
Transnationalism Issues: Migration and Gender
Representation of Australian Indigenous Sex and Gender
Gender Construction and Heterosexism
Gender Socialization of Children
The Issue of Gender Pay Discrimination in Canada
Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: An Etiquette Without Gender Discrimination Terms
Religious and Biological Approaches of Gender and Nature
Interrelation of Gender and Contemporary Society: Madonna
Issues in Sports: Gender Equality
Communicative Features of Gender-Neutral Language
The Problem of Gender Identity Disorder
Leadership and Gender Relations Analysis
The Importance of Gender in Marketing
Female Gender and Changes over the Last 150 Years
Gender Hierarchy in English Language
Gender Inequality in Democratic Welfare States
Misconceptions of Gender and Migration Issues
Gender, Race and Class in American Television
Development of Voting Rights of Religious, Socioeconomic Groups, Gender, and Racial Minorities
Gender Question in O’Connor and Williams’ Novels
Race and Gender: Dimensions of Power
Gender and Sexuality in “The Exorcist” Film
Gender as a Social Process: Theoretical Foundation
Race and Gender in Public Relations
Discrimination Against Racial and Gender Minorities
Gender Differences in Financial Knowledge
Value of Genders in Society: Agents of Socialization
Gender Stereotyping in American Media
Gender and the Rights of Women in Morocco and Saudi Arabia
Gender in the Saudi Arabian Educational Setting
Gender Norm Violation Study: Evaluating Impact on the Society
Economic Benefits of Gender Equality in the European Union
Gender Studies. “A Cyborg Manifesto” by Haraway
Gender Issues and the U.S. Constitutional Law: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes et al.
Race and Gender in Public Relations Field
Gender Discrimination Topic for Research
Gender Pay Gap as a Serious Social Issue
Gender Equality in Jackson’s “The Lottery”
Gender Stereotypes of the US Women
Gender Stereotypes: Data Presentation Strategy
Data Analysis Proposal: Gender Stereotypes
Gender Stereotypes: Research Question
Issue of Gender Discrimination in Different Societies
Gender Roles and Social Groups
Social Experiment: Informal Norms of Gender Issues
Gender Studies: The Queer of Color Theory
Narration and Gender: Hardy’s The Mayor of Casterbridge, Burney’s Evelina, Winterson’s Sexing the Cherry
Gender Stereotypes in Family and Academic Settings
Diversity and Society: Race, Ethnicity and Gender
The Gender Stereotypes in the Workplace
Gender Identities Within the Farm Family
Rethinking Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination
Preventative Care Depending on Age and Gender
Gender Differences in Managerial Behavior
Gender Equity and Social Justice in Schoolchildren
Gender-Based Social Responsibilities and Structure
Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Children
Community Health Status: Development, Gender, Genetics
Gender Stereotypes in Family: Research Methods
Homonationalism and Gender Identity in Catholicism
Global Sense: Female Leadership and Gender Equity
Gender-Based Discrimination during Surgical Training
Gender Inequality as an International Issue
The Fifth Element: Gender and Sexuality in Cinema
Gender Studies and Feminization in Education
Gender Stereotyping in Athletic Management
Gender Roles in “Herland” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Emotion Perception and Gender Factor in Stress
Gender Stereotypes in Families: Parents’ Gender Roles and Children’s Aspirations
Gender Stereotypes Formation in Children
Parents’ Gender Roles and Children’s Aspirations
ANOVA Research: Person’s Gender and Level of Education
Gender Stereotypes Developed Within Families
Gender Stereotypes in Families: Parental Influence on an Adolescent’s Career Choice
Sexism and Gender: Culture and Conflict Reflection
Pauli Murray’s Advocacy for Civil and Gender Rights
Gender Stereotypes’ Effects Career and Mental Health
Gender Mainstreaming of European Union Institutions
Gender in Fiction and Sociological Literature
Gender Stereotyping among Children
Women’s Views on Long-Existing Gender Stereotypes
Racial Gender Inequality in the United States
Promotion and Gender: Scenario Analysis
Women’s Stereotypes of Gender Roles Distribution
Gender Stereotypes in Women’s Opinion Study
The Gender Differences Concept
Gender in Arab Politics, State and Business
Gender Discrimination and Equality Promotion at Work
Gender-Neutral Schools in Sweden
Gender Stereotyping Experiment: The Level of Gender Stereotyping in Society
Sex, Gender, and Inequalities
Gender Dysphoria: Classification, Causes and Treatment
Gender Inequality in India and Iran Politics
Gender-Neutral Upbringing: Reasonable and Possible?
Do Child Toys Restrict Criteria for Gender?
Gender Studies: Same-Sex Marriage
Gender Bias in the Workplace Environment
Gender Roles in Cartoons
Role of Gender in Cartoons and Commercials
Articles on Gender, its Development, and Cultural Aspects
Theoretical Foundation of Gender as a Culturally-Prescribed Role
Gender Studies: Feminism Varieties
Understanding Human Rights: Labor Rights in a Globalizing World and Gender Rights
Gender Identity: Promotion of Equality for Sexual Orientation
Global Inequality: Gender, Racial and Ethnic Inequality
Gender Studies: Same Sex Marriages
Are Females the Only Gender Discriminated Against?
Are Gender Roles and Relationships More Equal in Modern Family Life?
What Are Examples of Gender Issues?
What Are the Main Issues of Gender Equality?
What Are Examples of Gender Inequality?
Are Gender Roles Damaging Society?
Why Does Gender Stratification Exist?
How Has the Representation of Gender Changed in Coca-Cola Adverts From the 1940s to the Present Day?
How Gender Roles Has Changed Over the Last Centuries?
How Can We Solve Gender Problems?
How Is Gender a Development Issue?
What Are the Issues and Concerns of Gender in Terms of Education?
How Does Your Race, Religion, Nationality, Gender, Culture and Family Define You?
What Are the Emerging Issues and Challenges Concerning Gender?
What Are the Gender Issues in the Philippines?
How Does Graham Greene Explore Gender Representation in Brighton Rock?
What Is the Difference Between Sex and Gender?
Does Men’s Fashion Reflect Changes in Male Gender Roles?
Does Mulan Overthrow Oppressive Gender Norms?
Is Gender Diversity Good for Business?
What Does Gender Representation Mean?
Did the First World War Represent an Irrevocable Crisis of Gender in the UK?
How Is Gender Represented in Advertisements?
What Are the Stages of Gender Transition?
Can Additional Training Help Close the ADHD Gender Gap?
Are Gender Stereotypes Perpetuated in Children’s Magazines?
Are Gender Roles Defined by Society or by Genetics?
What Are the Three Gender Identities?
What Is Gender Identity and Why Is It Important?
How Does Bullying Affect People Based on Gender or Race?
Women’s Rights in Conflict Zones
The Role of Women in STEM Fields
Prevalence of Violence against Women in the US
Strategies for Equality in Leadership and Politics
How Can Women Achieve Work-Life Balance?
Women’s Empowerment and Economic Development
Gender-Related Factors Influencing Women’s Earnings
Healthcare Access, Quality, and Reproductive Rights of Women
Gender Stereotypes’ Impact on Women’s Opportunities
The Overlapping Identities and Challenges of Diverse Women.
Intersectionality and Experiences of Gender
The Struggle for Equality and LGBTQ+ Rights
Comparison of Gender-Specific Challenges and Stigmas
Strategies for the Elimination of Gender Wage Gap
How Access to Healthcare Relates to Reproductive Justice
Why Are Women Underrepresented in Positions of Power?
Toxic Masculinity and its Harmful Effects on Men and Society
Gender Disparities and Promotion of Inclusivity in Schools
The Influence of Culture and Media on Gender Roles and Socialization
Gender Discrimination, Harassment, and Bias in the Workplace

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StudyCorgi. (2021, September 9). 569 Gender Essay Topics & Research Topics on Gender. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/gender-essay-topics/

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StudyCorgi . "569 Gender Essay Topics & Research Topics on Gender." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/gender-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "569 Gender Essay Topics & Research Topics on Gender." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/gender-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Gender were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on June 22, 2024 .

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Discussion Board Post

What is gender equality?

Equality between the sexes is a huge part of basic human rights. It means that men and women have the same opportunities to fulfil their potential in all spheres of life.

Today, we still face inequality issues as there is a persistent gap in access to opportunities for men and women.

Women have less access to decision-making and higher education. They constantly face obstacles at the workplace and have greater safety risks. Maintaining equal rights for both sexes is critical for meeting a wide range of goals in global development.

Inequality between the sexes is an interesting area to study so high school, college, and university students are often assigned to write essays on gender topics.

In this article, we are going to discuss the key peculiarities of gender equality essay. Besides, we have created a list of the best essay topic ideas.

What is the specifics of gender equality essay?

Equality and inequality between the sexes are important historical and current social issues which impact the way students and their families live. They are common topics for college papers in psychology, sociology, gender studies.

When writing an essay on equality between the sexes, you need to argue for a strong point of view and support your argument with relevant evidence gathered from multiple sources.

But first, you’d need to choose a good topic which is neither too broad nor too narrow to research.

Research is crucial for the success of your essay because you should develop a strong argument based on an in-depth study of various scholarly sources.

Equality between sexes is a complex problem. You have to consider different aspects and controversial points of view on specific issues, show your ability to think critically, develop a strong thesis statement, and build a logical argument, which can make a great impression on your audience.

If you are looking for interesting gender equality essay topics, here you will find a great list of 100 topic ideas for writing essays and research papers on gender issues in contemporary society.

Should you find that some topics are too broad, feel free to narrow them down.

Powerful gender equality essay topics

Here are the top 25 hottest topics for your argumentative opinion paper on gender issues.

Whether you are searching for original creative ideas for gender equality in sports essay or need inspiration for gender equality in education essay, we’ve got you covered.

Use imagination and creativity to demonstrate your approach.

Analyze gender-based violence in different countries
Compare wage gap between the sexes in different countries
Explain the purpose of gender mainstreaming
Implications of sex differences in the human brain
How can we teach boys and girls that they have equal rights?
Discuss gender-neutral management practices
Promotion of equal opportunities for men and women in sports
What does it mean to be transgender?
Discuss the empowerment of women
Why is gender-blindness a problem for women?
Why are girls at greater risk of sexual violence and exploitation?
Women as victims of human trafficking
Analyze the glass ceiling in management
Impact of ideology in determining relations between sexes
Obstacles that prevent girls from getting quality education in African countries
Why are so few women in STEM?
Major challenges women face at the workplace
How do women in sport fight for equality?
Women, sports, and media institutions
Contribution of women in the development of the world economy
Role of gender diversity in innovation and scientific discovery
What can be done to make cities safer for women and girls?
International trends in women’s empowerment
Role of schools in teaching children behaviours considered appropriate for their sex
Feminism on social relations uniting women and men as groups

Gender roles essay topics

We can measure the equality of men and women by looking at how both sexes are represented in a range of different roles. You don’t have to do extensive and tiresome research to come up with gender roles essay topics, as we have already done it for you.

Have a look at this short list of top-notch topic ideas .

Are paternity and maternity leaves equally important for babies?
Imagine women-dominated society and describe it
Sex roles in contemporary western societies
Compare theories of gender development
Adoption of sex-role stereotyped behaviours
What steps should be taken to achieve gender-parity in parenting?
What is gender identity?
Emotional differences between men and women
Issues modern feminism faces
Sexual orientation and gender identity
Benefits of investing in girls’ education
Patriarchal attitudes and stereotypes in family relationships
Toys and games of girls and boys
Roles of men and women in politics
Compare career opportunities for both sexes in the military
Women in the US military
Academic careers and sex equity
Should men play larger roles in childcare?
Impact of an ageing population on women’s economic welfare
Historical determinants of contemporary differences in sex roles
Gender-related issues in gaming
Culture and sex-role stereotypes in advertisements
What are feminine traits?
Sex role theory in sociology
Causes of sex differences and similarities in behaviour

Gender inequality research paper topics

Examples of inequality can be found in the everyday life of different women in many countries across the globe. Our gender inequality research paper topics are devoted to different issues that display discrimination of women throughout the world.

Choose any topic you like, research it, brainstorm ideas, and create a detailed gender inequality essay outline before you start working on your first draft.

Start off with making a debatable thesis, then write an engaging introduction, convincing main body, and strong conclusion for gender inequality essay .

Aspects of sex discrimination
Main indications of inequality between the sexes
Causes of sex discrimination
Inferior role of women in the relationships
Sex differences in education
Can education solve issues of inequality between the sexes?
Impact of discrimination on early childhood development
Why do women have limited professional opportunities in sports?
Gender discrimination in sports
Lack of women having leadership roles
Inequality between the sexes in work-family balance
Top factors that impact inequality at a workplace
What can governments do to close the gender gap at work?
Sex discrimination in human resource processes and practices
Gender inequality in work organizations
Factors causing inequality between men and women in developing countries
Work-home conflict as a symptom of inequality between men and women
Why are mothers less wealthy than women without children?
Forms of sex discrimination in a contemporary society
Sex discrimination in the classroom
Justification of inequality in American history
Origins of sex discrimination
Motherhood and segregation in labour markets
Sex discrimination in marriage
Can technology reduce sex discrimination?

Most controversial gender topics

Need a good controversial topic for gender stereotypes essay? Here are some popular debatable topics concerning various gender problems people face nowadays.

They are discussed in scientific studies, newspaper articles, and social media posts. If you choose any of them, you will need to perform in-depth research to prepare an impressive piece of writing.

How do gender misconceptions impact behaviour?
Most common outdated sex-role stereotypes
How does gay marriage influence straight marriage?
Explain the role of sexuality in sex-role stereotyping
Role of media in breaking sex-role stereotypes
Discuss the dual approach to equality between men and women
Are women better than men or are they equal?
Sex-role stereotypes at a workplace
Racial variations in gender-related attitudes
Role of feminism in creating the alternative culture for women
Feminism and transgender theory
Gender stereotypes in science and education
Are sex roles important for society?
Future of gender norms
How can we make a better world for women?
Are men the weaker sex?
Beauty pageants and women’s empowerment
Are women better communicators?
What are the origins of sexual orientation?
Should prostitution be legal?
Pros and cons of being a feminist
Advantages and disadvantages of being a woman
Can movies defy gender stereotypes?
Sexuality and politics

Feel free to use these powerful topic ideas for writing a good college-level gender equality essay or as a starting point for your study.

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How To Write An Essay On Gender Roles Topics

There is one basic rule any student should always follow when creating essays of this kind. This is meeting the requirements of the traditional structure of the academic paper. Here is how it will look like in your case:

Introduction: Make sure to create an eye-catching beginning of your paper. The best thing to come up with a nice introduction is to pick up the most controversial option among various interesting women's studies topics. This way, you will grab the interest of the reader right from the start. By the way, it is important to be brief and come up with a striking thesis at the end of your introduction.
Main part: Here comes the main info you want to share with the audience. As a rule, you will need to find several powerful arguments about gender roles, feminism, or other related topics. You are expected to come up with convincing arguments that will support the facts, discovered during your research. Moreover, you can share your own understanding of gender power, the issues related to this area in modern society, as well as provide some recommendations on how to solve them.
Conclusion: This is a brief summary of your paper. Avoid writing about any new facts in this part but just sum up your research facts and ideas.
Bibliography. The last part of your academic paper is a list of sources you’ve used for creating an essay. Don’t forget to add a bibliography list to your paper to get the best scores for your assignment.

Gender Roles And Issues Topics

Gender roles have been constantly changing. This means you can find tons of ideas to write a brilliant essay about gender roles and their development throughout the years.

Men And Women Roles In Childcare
Women’s Roles In The 20th Century
The Psychology Of Gender
Women’s Rights
Gender Roles And Employment
Women’s Roles During The Industrial Revolution
Gender Roles In Building A Career
The Concepts Of Gendered Society
Gender-related Issues In The Modern World
Psychological Differences Between Men And Women
Women’s Roles In The Ancient World
Women’s Roles In The Middle Ages
Women In Combat
Women In Non-traditional Roles
The Theories Of Gender Development
The Basic Concepts Of Gender Identity
Men And Women In Politics
Traditional Feminine Traits
Differences In The Behavior Of Men And Women
The Attitude In Different Societies Towards Women
Importance Of Girl’s Education
The Pros And Cons Of Changing Gender Roles

Women-Related Studies Topics: Abortions

Abortion has been among the most controversial topics for years. Moreover, it continues to be one of the burning issues in modern society, too. In case you are looking for a modern, sharp, and disputable idea for your academic paper, feel free to choose a topic about abortion.

Abortion Rights In The USA
The Risks Of Abortion
Pros And Cons Of The Right Of Abortion
Abortion Rights In Asia
Abortion Rights In Europe
Sex-selective Abortion
Women’s Movements Related To Abortion
Abortion: Cases And Controversies
Abortion Policies: A Global Review
The Times When Abortion Was A Crime
Abortion And Politics
The Modern Ways Of Birth Control
Abortion And Democracy
Abortion In Judaism
The Abortion Question
Psychological Conditions After Abortion
Abortion And Depression
Abortion And Further Pregnancies
The Benefits Of Reproductive Freedom
Defense Of Abortion
Abortion And Ethics
Abortion In India
Fertility Control In Different Countries
Fertility And Abortion
Abortion: Public Opinion
Abortion From Doctor’s Retrospective

Gender Stereotypes Research Paper Topics

Although we live in a developed society, there are still lots of gender stereotypes thousands of people believe in. Many of these stereotypes are related to gender, as well as relationships in families. You can create a gender stereotypes research paper using one of the following ideas.

Patriarchal Stereotypes In Family Relationships
Gender Stereotypes In The Advertisement
Gender Stereotypes On TV
Gender Stereotypes In The Gaming Industry
Gender Stereotypes In Different Countries
Sei Shonagons Pillow Book Analysis
The Psychology Of Stereotyping
Dominance Stereotypes
Ways To Fight Gender Stereotypes
Gender Stereotype Activation: Basic Concepts
Gender-role Stereotyping And Career Aspirations
Gender Role Stereotyping In Children's Imaginary Friends
Gender Stereotypes Dynamics
Stereotyping And Discrimination
Gender Stereotypes In Different Age Groups
Stereotypes About Same-sex Marriages
Adoption Of Sex-role Stereotyped Behaviors
Sex-role Stereotypes

Women's Rights Topics: Gender Inequality

Gender inequality has been an issue in most countries for centuries. However, in many societies, this problem still continues to be sharp. Therefore, one of the topics on gender inequality might become an excellent choice for many students.

Gender-neutral Language
The Issue Of Gender Inequality In The Modern World
How To Fight Gender Inequality
Gender Inequality Policies
Primary Source Analysis On Gender Ain't A Woman
Racial And Gender Inequality In African Countries
The Modernization Of Gender Inequality In Brazil
Class, Race, Gender, And Inequality
The Indications Of Inequality Between The Sexes
Inequality And Education
Inequality At The Workplace
Factors Causing Gender Inequality
Inequality In Business
Sexuality And Politics

Gender Studies Research Topics: Psychology Of Gender

The psychology of gender is one of the most interesting topics for discussion. You will definitely find lots of the newest research on this issue and will be able to write a fresh and up-to-date academic paper.

Camel And Cactus Test
Femme Invisibility
Benevolent Sexism
Determining The Relations Between Different Sexes
Gender-parity In Parenting
Sex-role Theory In Sociology
Men And Women In Sports
Impact Of Discrimination On The Development Of Boys And Girls
Lack Of Female Leaders In Politics
Women Without Children: Issues And Opportunities
Discrimination In Marriage
Technology And Gender Psychology
Modern Gender Norms
The Future Of Gender Norms
The Role Of Motherhood In The Lives Of Women
How To Solve A Work-home Conflict Of Modern Women

Gender Reassignment Studies Topics

Gender reassignment is becoming common in the modern world. But are there any issues for changing gender in different societies? What makes people change their sex or sexual preferences? You can freely describe these issues in your essay and get top grades for your assignment.

Heterosexual Transvestites
Homosexuals In Military
Polysexual In The Modern World
Transsexuals: Basic Concepts And Features
Who Are Transgenders?
Origin Of Sexual Orientation
Why Do People Become Transgenders?
Transgender Identities
Socializing Transgenders
Bisexuals In A Modern Society
Gender Reassignment In Muslim Cultures
Sex Reassignment And Personal Identity
Rethinking Gender And Therapy

Powerful Gender Research Topics

There are many controversial topics you can write about in your academic paper. For example, same-sex marriages, legalization of prostitution, sexuality, and many others.

Legalization Of Prostitution
Same-sex Adoption Rights
Same-sex Marriage
Signs Of Sexuality
Gender-based Violence
Human Trafficking
Healthy Relations Between Sexes
Types Of Abuse And How To Stop It
The Role Of Women In The Modern World
The Problem Of Gender Diversity
Determining Sexual Orientation
Psychology Of Gender
Men Vs. Women: Who Is Stronger?
Types Of Sexual Orientations
Gender And Mental Health

How To Write A Gender-Related Academic Paper

There is nothing new that choosing a research topic for women gender studies is not easy. However, picking up the most fitting option among hundreds of gender and feminist research paper topics is only half of the job you need to do complete your assignment. So, what else are you expected to do to get the best scores in a class?

Create an essay with a flawless structure
Do advanced research via different channels
Write in a proper voice and tone
Use up-to-date and impressive facts and arguments
Represent the best examples to support your ideas
Split your main ideas into paragraphs in a logical and well-structured way
Express your own views wisely and properly
Use a particular voice and tone
Avoid any grammar, punctuation, and spelling mistakes
Make sure not to have any typos
Add a polished and correct bibliography
Use only modern and reliable sources
Make your introduction shine
Create a great summary with no new facts and ideas
Use proper formatting

Following all these rules often seem amazingly difficult for many learners. In case you are one of them, no worries. The secret truth is that lots of diligent students often pay for essay online . And you can do that, too! This way, you will get a brilliant essay created by skilled and professional writers with absolutely no effort.

References:

Writing tips for beginners
The best research techniques
The history of feminism
Influential women in wellness
Women during the American Civil War
The role of women during the industrial revolution
Books about women

Gender and Politics

Gender and Politics Research Paper Topics

The gender gap in political representation: causes and consequences
Gender quotas in politics: pros and cons
Women’s rights and political participation in the Middle East
Women’s representation in local government: a case study of a specific country or region
Masculinity and political leadership: how gender affects perceptions of leadership qualities
Women’s access to political power in post-conflict societies
Gender and political violence: how violence affects men and women differently
The impact of gender on voting behavior
The role of women in peacebuilding and conflict resolution
Gender mainstreaming in international development policy: successes and challenges
Intersectionality in politics: how race, class, and gender intersect to shape political outcomes
The gendered impact of globalization on the labor market and political participation
Gender and environmental politics: exploring the links between gender, environmentalism, and politics
The impact of gender on political ideology and party affiliation
Gender and political rhetoric: how gendered language affects political discourse
The role of men in promoting gender equality in politics
Feminism and political theory: historical and contemporary debates
The impact of gender on political socialization and political attitudes
The gendered nature of political scandals: how men and women are affected differently
Women’s role in authoritarian regimes: case studies of specific countries
The gendered impact of austerity policies on welfare states and social programs
Gender and political participation in online spaces: how digital platforms are changing the landscape of political participation
Women’s representation in the judiciary: a comparative analysis
The impact of gender on media coverage of political campaigns
Gender and international security: exploring the links between gender, security, and conflict
The gendered impact of immigration policies and migration flows
Gender and political corruption: how gender affects perceptions of corruption and ethics in politics
Women’s role in political parties: a comparative analysis
The impact of gender on political trust and legitimacy
The gendered impact of economic liberalization and privatization policies
Women’s representation in international organizations: a case study of the United Nations
The role of gender in the formation of public policy and political decision-making
Gender and political communication: how gender affects political messaging and public opinion
The impact of gender on the formation and implementation of foreign policy
Gender and the politics of social movements: exploring the role of women in movements for social change
Gender and the politics of reproductive rights: a comparative analysis of policy and activism
Women’s access to education and its impact on political participation
The gendered nature of political institutions and processes: a comparative analysis
Gender and the politics of identity: exploring the links between gender, race, and ethnicity in political discourse
The impact of gender on the politics of healthcare and healthcare policy
Women’s participation in local community governance: a case study of a specific region or country
The impact of gender on political accountability and transparency
Gender and political decision-making in the private sector: a comparative analysis
The gendered impact of natural disasters on political outcomes and policy responses
Women’s role in the politics of climate change: exploring the links between gender, the environment, and politics
The impact of gender on political violence and terrorism
Gender and the politics of nationalism: exploring the links between gender, nationalism, and identity
Women’s role in the politics
The Role of Intersectionality in Women’s Political Participation: An Analysis of Racial, Ethnic, and Class Differences in Political Mobilization.
Women’s Representation in Political Leadership: Examining the Glass Ceiling in Parliaments and Executive Offices.

Women have historically been excluded from political decision-making, with men dominating positions of power in most political systems. This has led to a lack of representation of women’s perspectives and experiences in political decision-making, resulting in policies that do not adequately address the needs of all members of society. While progress has been made in increasing the number of women in political leadership roles in many countries, women continue to face unique challenges in accessing and exercising political power. These challenges include gender bias, discrimination, and social norms that prioritize men in political leadership.

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One way to address these challenges is through the use of quotas and affirmative action policies to increase the representation of women in political decision-making. Quotas have been implemented in many countries around the world, with varying degrees of success. Some argue that quotas are necessary to overcome the structural barriers that prevent women from accessing political power, while others argue that quotas are unfair and can lead to the selection of less qualified candidates. Regardless of the effectiveness of quotas, it is clear that increasing the representation of women in political decision-making is essential to creating more equitable and inclusive policies.

Feminist movements have also played a critical role in shaping political discourse and pushing for gender equality in political systems. Feminist movements have highlighted the ways in which gender shapes political systems and policies, and have worked to mobilize women to become more active in political decision-making. These movements have also pushed for policy changes to address gender-based violence, discrimination, and other issues that disproportionately affect women. By bringing attention to these issues, feminist movements have helped to shape political discourse and create more space for women to participate in political decision-making.

Despite these efforts, women continue to face significant challenges in accessing and exercising political power. Women remain underrepresented in political decision-making in many countries, and face unique challenges in accessing the resources and support needed to succeed in these roles. Addressing these challenges will require a sustained effort to increase the representation of women in political decision-making and to create more supportive and inclusive political environments.

In conclusion, gender and politics is a critical area of inquiry in political science, exploring the ways in which gender shapes political systems, policies, and outcomes. Women have historically been excluded from political decision-making, resulting in policies that do not adequately address the needs of all members of society. Quotas and affirmative action policies, as well as feminist movements, have been instrumental in addressing these challenges and increasing the representation of women in political decision-making. However, significant challenges remain, and continued efforts will be needed to create more equitable and inclusive political systems.

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EDITORIAL article

Editorial: gender roles in the future theoretical foundations and future research directions.

$\nAlice H. Eagly$

1 Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
2 Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Editorial on the Research Topic Gender Roles in the Future? Theoretical Foundations and Future Research Directions

The study of gender has become a major focus of research in psychology and in social psychology in particular. Among early contributors to this study, Eagly (1987) formulated social role theory to explain the behavior of women and men as well as the stereotypes, attitudes, and ideologies that are relevant to sex and gender. Enhanced by several extensions over the intervening years, this theory became a pre-eminent theory of gender in social psychology ( Eagly and Wood, 2012 ). Also, over the last decades, social psychologists have developed a variety of related approaches to understanding gender, including, for instance, theories devoted to stereotype threat, status, backlash, lack of fit to occupational roles, social identity, and categorization. The conference that preceded this Research Topic, sponsored by the European Association of Social Psychology and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, featured work that fit within the broad umbrella of social role theory and related approaches.

The contemporary interest in the psychology of gender reflects its centrality in the understanding of social behavior. Gender continues to be a driving force in world politics and economics, as evident in the struggles of women to attain parity in political and economic institutions, the transformative impact of the #me-too movement, and the falling birthrates in many nations as women opt for careers instead of large families. In addition, binary gender itself is facing challenge as the two primary sex categories of female and male yield to accommodate multiple gender and sexual identities, including non-binary identities and transgender status.

One of the central topics of the social psychology of gender is gender stereotypes, understood as consensual beliefs about the attributes of women and men. Although describing the content of gender stereotypes might seem to be a task already accomplished many decades ago (e.g., Broverman et al., 1972 ), research on this matter has continually expanded. Not only has recent research described change in gender stereotypes over time ( Eagly et al., 2019 ), but also this Research Topic includes the Hentschel et al. article that identifies facets underlying these stereotypes' two primary dimensions of agency and communion. Their analysis of agency thus reveals the facets of independence, instrumental competence, and leadership competence and of communion yields the facets of concern for others, sociability, and emotional sensitivity. Other advances in stereotype research consider intersectionalities between gender and other social attributes as well as the prescriptive aspect of gender stereotypes by which they define what members of each sex should and should not do. Illustrating these advances, Koenig's research explores prescriptive stereotypes for the intersections of gender with age from toddlerhood to old age. Among her findings is a weakening of these gender stereotypes in relation to elderly women and men.

Gender stereotypes exert influence in daily life even when they compete with the influences of other social roles. In particular, occupational roles have demands that may be more or less consistent with gender roles. In extending social role theory to account for such circumstances, Eagly and Karau (2002) argued that the female gender stereotype is generally inconsistent with leader roles because of the expectations that women are communal and that leaders, like men, are agentic. Consequently, women can suffer discrimination in relation to leadership roles because many people believe that they are insufficiently agentic to perform effectively as leaders. Manzi raises the issue of whether parallel discriminatory processes exist for men who occupy or seek to occupy roles with primarily communal demands. The article by Block et al. further addresses men's occupancy of communal roles by analyzing the low representation of men in healthcare, early education, and domestic (HEED) roles. Their research shows that, consistent with gender stereotypes, men tend to have agentic values that focus on status, competition, and wealth and thus are not attracted to careers with a focus on caring for others. However, as Van Grootel et al. demonstrate, men tend to underestimate the extent to which other men approve of men's communal traits and behaviors. Correction of this pluralistic ignorance fosters men's greater endorsement of communal values and support for progressive gender-related social change. In a different demonstration of how to reduce the power of existing gender stereotypes, Olsson and Martiny review research on exposure to counterstereotypical role models. They conclude that such exposures do hold promise for promoting counterstereotpical goals and aspirations, especially in girls and women.

For leadership, gender makes a difference, given the definition of leadership primarily in culturally masculine terms that disfavor women. Vial and Napier offer clever demonstrations that people do view agentic traits as more important than communal traits for successful leaders, thus confirming women's disadvantage for attaining leader roles. Communal traits appear to be a nice, but inessential add-on for leaders. Another disadvantage for women, as shown by Player et al. , is that male candidates for leadership are valued more highly for their perceived potential to be a good leader rather than their past performance. Female candidates, in contrast, are valued more for their past performance and given relatively little credit for their potential. Consistent with the female stereotype of low agency, women thus have the burden of proving their leadership competence rather than merely being trusted to have potential for the future. As shown by Gruber et al. , some women do emerge as leaders, and greater facial attractiveness facilitates their emergence by fostering the ascription of social competence to them. These researchers have yet to investigate the importance of facial attractiveness to male leaders.

Increasing gender diversity in organizations is surely an important social goal for advocates of gender equality. Yet, organizational processes are not so simple that merely adding women catalyzes gains for other women. In fact, women in leadership roles do not necessarily work to change organizational norms to insure equal opportunity for other women, as Sterk et al. argue. Instead, senior women may accept negative stereotypes about women's lesser capacity for leadership. Such “queen bee” senior women may distance themselves from junior women and thus exert negative effects on them. Moreover, as van Dijk and van Engen explain, despite the presence of gender-diverse work groups, organizational behaviors are often constrained by self-reinforcing gender role expectations that perpetuate traditional gender-unfair practices.

Gender stereotypes exert influence in other situations as well. One such setting is high-stakes aptitude tests whose outcomes affect the opportunities of women and men. As shown by the Leiner et al. research on Austrian medical school aptitude tests, there are intriguing sex differences in the ways that female and male test takers perceive the test situation. In particular, the women experienced greater test anxiety than men and perceived the test as less fair. Another realm of social behavior that is fraught with gender issues is sexual coercion and rape. Gravelin et al. provide a thorough review of what is now a large research literature on tendencies to blame the victim of acquaintance rape. Also related to sexual violence is an incident in Germany of mass sexual assault on New Year's Eve of 2015. The discourse that ensued receives careful analysis by Hannover et al. One question that Germans faced is whether the largely Muslim perpetrators of these assaults were motivated by particularly sexist attitudes toward girls and women that emanated from their religion. The findings of this research instead implicated, not a particular religion, but high levels of religiosity and fundamentalism as precursors of the sexist beliefs that fostered violence against women.

In a world in which gender is always in flux, the future of gender relations is uncertain. To help understand this future, Gustafsson Sendén et al. asked Swedes to indicate what they think that the traits of Swedish women and men were in the past, are in the present, and will be in the future. Replicating earlier research by Diekman and Eagly (2000) , respondents perceived women to increase in agentic traits over time but remain more communal than men. Such beliefs, derived from the abstract belief that gender equality is increasing, may not reflect actual changes in stereotype content over time ( Eagly et al., 2019 ).

The contemporary challenges to the binary view of sex, gender, and sexuality receive important exploration in the essay by Morgenroth and Ryan . They review earlier writing by the philosopher Judith Butler, who advocated “gender trouble” that would disrupt the binary view of gender. As these authors suggest, Butler's ideas can guide understanding of some of the ways that performance socially constructs gender in society. Butler's writings on performativity and related themes can provide intriguing hypotheses for systematic empirical exploration by social psychologists. In the meantime, other social psychologists argue that the way forward in gender theory entails exploring how gender is and is not socially constructed by producing research that also considers the biological grounding of some patterns of male and female behavior ( Eagly and Wood, 2013 ). From this interactionist perspective, nature, and nurture are intertwined in producing the phenomena of gender.

The articles included in this Research Topic are broadly positioned across the field of social psychology, which encompasses a wide range of themes pertaining to sex and gender. Some of these themes link social psychology to other areas of psychological specialization, such as personality, developmental, cultural, industrial-organizational, and biological psychology as well as to the other social science disciplines of sociology, political science, and economics. In invoking other disciplines and psychology subfields, many of the authors whose work appears in this Research Topic recognize the importance of social roles as a central integrative concept in theories of gender. These articles thereby complement social role theory by reaching out to build an extended theoretical foundation for gender research of the future.

Author Contributions

Both authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Broverman, I. K., Vogel, S. R., Broverman, D. M., Clarkson, F. E., and Rosenkrantz, P. S. (1972). Sex-role stereotypes: a current appraisal. J. Soc. Issues 28, 59–78. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1972.tb00018.x

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Diekman, A. B., and Eagly, A. H. (2000). Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: women and men of the past, present, and future. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 26, 1171–1188. doi: 10.1177/0146167200262001

Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-Role Interpretation . Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

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Eagly, A. H., and Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychol. Rev. 109, 573–598. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573

PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

Eagly, A. H., Nater, C., Miller, D. I., Kaufmann, M., and Sczesny, S. (2019). Gender stereotypes have changed: a cross-temporal meta-analysis of US public opinion polls from 1946 to 2018. Am. Psychol . 18:494. doi: 10.1037/amp0000494

Eagly, A. H., and Wood, W. (2012). “Social role theory,” in Handbook of Theories in Social Psychology , eds P. van Lange, A. Kruglanski, and E. T. Higgins (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications), 458–476. doi: 10.4135/9781446249222.n49

CrossRef Full Text

Eagly, A. H., and Wood, W. (2013). The nature–nurture debates: 25 years of challenges in understanding the psychology of gender. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 8, 340–357. doi: 10.1177/1745691613484767

Keywords: gender prejudice, social role theory, communion, agency, gender stereotypes, gender roles

Citation: Eagly AH and Sczesny S (2019) Editorial: Gender Roles in the Future? Theoretical Foundations and Future Research Directions. Front. Psychol. 10:1965. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01965

Received: 07 August 2019; Accepted: 09 August 2019; Published: 04 September 2019.

Edited and reviewed by: Eva G. Krumhuber , University College London, United Kingdom

Copyright © 2019 Eagly and Sczesny. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Alice H. Eagly, eagly@northwestern.edu

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Top picks by Nicoline de Haan, CGIAR GENDER Platform Director

#1 rural youth in southern nigeria.

There are three clear reasons why Rural Youth in Southern Nigeria: Fractured Lives and Ambitious Futures by Crossouard et al. sticks in my mind. First, because it is about youth. We often talk about youth and their importance for the future, but I have not seen much research about rural youth. As the CGIAR GENDER Platform evolves, we will work more on youth issues, so it is important we have more theoretical thinking and evidence in this space. My second reason is linked to the article’s approach: years ago, I was in the field in Kenya with a PhD student doing research on how rural education was preparing youth for the future, and she found that the education system was not at all linked to the realities. This article looks at that issue as well. Finally, I picked this because it is about Nigeria, and having spent seven years of my career there, Nigeria always interests me. It was also good to see a CGIAR scientist involved in this research.

Vine distribution among the rural youth (Photo: Hugh Rutherford/CIP)

#2 Gender equality in climate policy and practice

Gender Equality in Climate Policy and Practice Hindered by Assumptions by Lau et al. is one of those articles that should have been written a long time ago. It lays out the assumptions we are still dealing with in gender in agriculture research. For example, that women are caring and connected to the environment; that women are a homogenous and vulnerable group; that gender equality is a women’s issue; and that gender equality is a numbers game. The authors very nicely show how these assumptions hinder progress on climate change and how they can even be counterproductive. Now that this article is out there for the public, we can move on and really deal with the issues at hand!

Top picks by Marlene Elias, CGIAR GENDER Platform Alliances Module Lead

#3 gender expertise in environment and development.

This book, Negotiating Gender Expertise in Environment and Development by Resurrección and Elmhirst, is thoughtful and beautifully written. It brings together critical reflections from gender experts on their experiences working in environment and development organizations, including CGIAR. It takes an innovative format: a series of conversations between the co-editors and writers, Bernadette Resurrección and Rebecca Elmhirst, and gender experts who are working to place gender and social inclusion issues at the center of research and practice on sustainability and environmental management. These conversations surface the motivations, negotiations, achievements and daily struggles of these professionals as they navigate the complexities of all that is implied by working on gender in largely technical fields. Every chapter has a different flavor, but all will resonate with those of us working in this area; and make us nod our heads, sigh, laugh (or cry!) and better understand our profession and ourselves.

#4 Masculinities in forests

Colfer’s book, Masculinities in Forests: Representations of Diversity , focuses on how masculinities relate to forest management, drawing on her experience working in different forest contexts, from the USA to Indonesia. It takes a timely dive into diverse masculinities and how these shape practices in forest management, all the while recognizing men’s agency in expressing different masculine identities. Aside from the rich content that is discussed, couched in an accessible framework and language, I appreciated that the book examines masculinities among professionals working in the field of forestry as well as among various forest communities. I was also very impressed by how Colfer was able to re-examine decades of ethnographic research through a new lens to write this book. Wow!

Gender and forests. Photo: Mokhamad Edliadi/CIFOR

Top picks by Els Lecoutere, CGIAR GENDER Platform Science Officer

#5 diffusion and dilution.

Doss’ Diffusion and Dilution: The Power and Perils of Integrating Feminist Perspectives into Household Economics is important to me is because it acknowledges the advances we have made in integrating feminist economic perspectives into mainstream economics, but also points out areas for improvement. It helps us to stay focused. Personally, I find the call for careful consideration of benefits versus potential harm, and proper training of enumerators when collection data about domestic and gender-based violence, extremely important. I sometimes feel we make the decision to collect data about domestic and gender-based violence too lightly. The article further opens the discussion about two other pet topics of mine: First, how can we better capture the complexity of households, including the web of power relations between different members, in which individuals make decisions? Second, how can we measure social norms and their importance for people’s capabilities and choices? How can these be changed and what are the effects?

#6 A review of evidence

I keep going back to this brief, A Review of Evidence on Gender Equality, Women’s Empowerment and Food Systems by Njuki et al., mainly for its gendered food systems framework. The framework brings the different ways in which gender affects capabilities, choices and outcomes in food systems together. It provides a theoretical basis for various key questions in gender in agricultural and food system research and shows how this is supported by evidence. To me, its key contribution is the way it disentangles the different ‘entry points’ of gender constraints. Gender inequalities cannot only creep into biophysical, technological or economic drivers of food systems, shocks and vulnerabilities affecting these drivers can also affect men and women differently. Finally, the conceptualization of gendered food systems as systems underscores the dynamic, interdependent nature of the different elements and the need for a holistic approach to achieve gender equality in agriculture and food systems.

Top pick by Hazel Malapit and Elizabeth Bryan, CGIAR GENDER Platform Methods Module Co-leads

#7 advancing gender equality.

If you don’t have time to read the whole book, read the introduction. Pyburn and van Eerdewijk’s introduction to Advancing Gender Equality through Agricultural and Environmental Research excellently presents the topics discussed in the book, which features contributions from 55 CGIAR gender researchers. The book flips an often-posed question: instead of asking what gender equality can do for agricultural development, it asks how agricultural and environmental research can advance gender equality. One of the best overviews of gender research in CGIAR, the introductory chapter contextualizes CGIAR gender research within our organization’s struggles to address gender and within the broader thinking around gender and development. The introduction provides summaries of each chapter as well as information on the methodological and geographic breakdown of studies reviewed.

#8 Gender and agricultural economics

As gender researchers in the CGIAR are well aware, women and men in developing countries have different preferences and interests, and good policies and programs take these differences into account. But what about what researchers themselves bring to the table? This article, How Women Saved Agricultural Economics , by Offutt and McCluskey, points out that women (and minorities) tend to be under-represented in economics positions in government and academia, and are not recognized for their achievements with awards and editorships due to both overt discrimination and implicit bias. Yet, the authors say, the diversity resulting from women’s increased presence in field has increased the relevance of the discipline over the last several decades. This research documents the importance of increasing representation in academic fields where women (and other minorities) are traditionally under-represented. While this study focuses on agricultural economics in the United States, it has prompted further analysis of how these patterns apply in other countries, such as India and Kenya, and within other institutions.

Market vendor (Photo: C. de Bode/CGIAR)

Top picks by Ranjitha Puskur, CGIAR GENDER Platform Evidence Module Lead

#9 food and agriculture systems.

Foresight studies on agriculture tend to not integrate social dimensions as these often do not render themselves to quantitative measurement. This article, Food and Agriculture Systems Foresight Study: Implications for Gender, Poverty and Nutrition by Lentz, is a rare review that argues for mainstreaming a gender, poverty and nutrition focus into foresight research. This would help ensure that we reduce the risk of entrenching gender inequalities and promoting technologies that exacerbate inequality, and that we are able to inform policy- and innovation-led pathways. Having dabbled in participatory foresight analysis using scenario planning, visioning and backcasting, this piqued my curiosity. The paper offers helpful insights into how and when to bundle or sequence interventions and the need to understand the effects of interventions on the whole agri-food system. It offers a very engaging and useful read, even for those who are unfamiliar with foresight methods.

#10 Gender and land ownership

The issue of women’s limited land ownership is sticky and has occupied central stage in debates and discourses for a while. Nowhere have we been able to make any significant progress in reducing the gender gaps in land ownership. Cheryl Doss (2018) questioned the myth of women owning less than one percent of land globally. This continues to be a complex issue, with the definition of “ownership” being only one of the tricky issues. Agarwal’s 2021 paper, How Many and Which Women Own Land in India? , uses longitudinal data from the Village Level Studies (VLS), collected by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) from a set of Indian villages between 2009 and 2014, to look at which women are more likely to own land, why and how these patterns changed over the years. We at the CGIAR GENDER Platform have also been highlighting the need to focus more on unpacking intersectionalities to have better insights that can inform targeted solutions. This paper provides a very good example of the importance of intersectional approaches and it highlights the gap and the critical need for a national and state-level datasets.

Rural youth in southern Nigeria: Fractured lives and ambitious futures

Crossouard, B., Dunne, M., Szyp, C., Madu, T., & Teekin, B. (2021). Rural youth in southern Nigeria: Fractured lives and ambitious futures. Journal of Sociology . https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833211042422

Gender equality in climate policy and practice hindered by assumptions

Negotiating gender expertise in environment and development.

Resurrección, B.P., & Elmhirst, R. (2020). Negotiating Gender Expertise in Environment and Development: Voices from Feminist Political Ecology (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351175180

Masculinities in Forests: Representations of Diversity

Colfer, C.J.P. 2021. Masculinities in Forests: Representations of Diversity. London: Routledge

Diffusion and Dilution: The Power and Perils of Integrating Feminist Perspectives Into Household Economics

Cheryl R. Doss (2021) Diffusion and Dilution: The Power and Perils of Integrating Feminist Perspectives Into Household Economics, Feminist Economics, 27:3, 1-20, DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1883701

A review of evidence on gender equality, women's empowerment, and food systems

Advancing gender equality through agricultural and environmental research: Past, present, and future

Pyburn, Rhiannon, ed.; and van Eerdewijk, Anouka, ed. 2021. Advancing gender equality through agricultural and environmental research: Past, present, and future. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896293915

How women saved agricultural economics

Offutt, S., and J. McCluskey. 2021. How women saved agricultural economics, Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. 1–19 https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13183

Food and agriculture systems foresight study: Implications for gender, poverty, and nutrition

Erin C Lentz, Food and agriculture systems foresight study: Implications for gender, poverty, and nutrition, Q Open , Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2021, qoaa003, https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoaa003

How many and which women own land in India? Inter-gender and intra-gender gaps

Agarwal, Bina, Anthwal, Pervesh, and Mahesh, Malvika. (2021). ‘How Many and Which Women Own Land in India? Inter-gender and intra-gender gaps, Journal of Development Studies, April, open access https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.1887478.

Twenty years of gender equality research: A scoping review based on a new semantic indicator

Paola belingheri.

1 Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Energia, dei Sistemi, del Territorio e delle Costruzioni, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino, Pisa, Italy

Filippo Chiarello

Andrea fronzetti colladon.

2 Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

3 Department of Management, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland

Paola Rovelli

4 Faculty of Economics and Management, Centre for Family Business Management, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy

Associated Data

All relevant data are within the manuscript and its supporting information files. The only exception is the text of the abstracts (over 15,000) that we have downloaded from Scopus. These abstracts can be retrieved from Scopus, but we do not have permission to redistribute them.

Gender equality is a major problem that places women at a disadvantage thereby stymieing economic growth and societal advancement. In the last two decades, extensive research has been conducted on gender related issues, studying both their antecedents and consequences. However, existing literature reviews fail to provide a comprehensive and clear picture of what has been studied so far, which could guide scholars in their future research. Our paper offers a scoping review of a large portion of the research that has been published over the last 22 years, on gender equality and related issues, with a specific focus on business and economics studies. Combining innovative methods drawn from both network analysis and text mining, we provide a synthesis of 15,465 scientific articles. We identify 27 main research topics, we measure their relevance from a semantic point of view and the relationships among them, highlighting the importance of each topic in the overall gender discourse. We find that prominent research topics mostly relate to women in the workforce–e.g., concerning compensation, role, education, decision-making and career progression. However, some of them are losing momentum, and some other research trends–for example related to female entrepreneurship, leadership and participation in the board of directors–are on the rise. Besides introducing a novel methodology to review broad literature streams, our paper offers a map of the main gender-research trends and presents the most popular and the emerging themes, as well as their intersections, outlining important avenues for future research.

Introduction

The persistent gender inequalities that currently exist across the developed and developing world are receiving increasing attention from economists, policymakers, and the general public [e.g., 1 – 3 ]. Economic studies have indicated that women’s education and entry into the workforce contributes to social and economic well-being [e.g., 4 , 5 ], while their exclusion from the labor market and from managerial positions has an impact on overall labor productivity and income per capita [ 6 , 7 ]. The United Nations selected gender equality, with an emphasis on female education, as part of the Millennium Development Goals [ 8 ], and gender equality at-large as one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030 [ 9 ]. These latter objectives involve not only developing nations, but rather all countries, to achieve economic, social and environmental well-being.

As is the case with many SDGs, gender equality is still far from being achieved and persists across education, access to opportunities, or presence in decision-making positions [ 7 , 10 , 11 ]. As we enter the last decade for the SDGs’ implementation, and while we are battling a global health pandemic, effective and efficient action becomes paramount to reach this ambitious goal.

Scholars have dedicated a massive effort towards understanding gender equality, its determinants, its consequences for women and society, and the appropriate actions and policies to advance women’s equality. Many topics have been covered, ranging from women’s education and human capital [ 12 , 13 ] and their role in society [e.g., 14 , 15 ], to their appointment in firms’ top ranked positions [e.g., 16 , 17 ] and performance implications [e.g., 18 , 19 ]. Despite some attempts, extant literature reviews provide a narrow view on these issues, restricted to specific topics–e.g., female students’ presence in STEM fields [ 20 ], educational gender inequality [ 5 ], the gender pay gap [ 21 ], the glass ceiling effect [ 22 ], leadership [ 23 ], entrepreneurship [ 24 ], women’s presence on the board of directors [ 25 , 26 ], diversity management [ 27 ], gender stereotypes in advertisement [ 28 ], or specific professions [ 29 ]. A comprehensive view on gender-related research, taking stock of key findings and under-studied topics is thus lacking.

Extant literature has also highlighted that gender issues, and their economic and social ramifications, are complex topics that involve a large number of possible antecedents and outcomes [ 7 ]. Indeed, gender equality actions are most effective when implemented in unison with other SDGs (e.g., with SDG 8, see [ 30 ]) in a synergetic perspective [ 10 ]. Many bodies of literature (e.g., business, economics, development studies, sociology and psychology) approach the problem of achieving gender equality from different perspectives–often addressing specific and narrow aspects. This sometimes leads to a lack of clarity about how different issues, circumstances, and solutions may be related in precipitating or mitigating gender inequality or its effects. As the number of papers grows at an increasing pace, this issue is exacerbated and there is a need to step back and survey the body of gender equality literature as a whole. There is also a need to examine synergies between different topics and approaches, as well as gaps in our understanding of how different problems and solutions work together. Considering the important topic of women’s economic and social empowerment, this paper aims to fill this gap by answering the following research question: what are the most relevant findings in the literature on gender equality and how do they relate to each other ?

To do so, we conduct a scoping review [ 31 ], providing a synthesis of 15,465 articles dealing with gender equity related issues published in the last twenty-two years, covering both the periods of the MDGs and the SDGs (i.e., 2000 to mid 2021) in all the journals indexed in the Academic Journal Guide’s 2018 ranking of business and economics journals. Given the huge amount of research conducted on the topic, we adopt an innovative methodology, which relies on social network analysis and text mining. These techniques are increasingly adopted when surveying large bodies of text. Recently, they were applied to perform analysis of online gender communication differences [ 32 ] and gender behaviors in online technology communities [ 33 ], to identify and classify sexual harassment instances in academia [ 34 ], and to evaluate the gender inclusivity of disaster management policies [ 35 ].

Applied to the title, abstracts and keywords of the articles in our sample, this methodology allows us to identify a set of 27 recurrent topics within which we automatically classify the papers. Introducing additional novelty, by means of the Semantic Brand Score (SBS) indicator [ 36 ] and the SBS BI app [ 37 ], we assess the importance of each topic in the overall gender equality discourse and its relationships with the other topics, as well as trends over time, with a more accurate description than that offered by traditional literature reviews relying solely on the number of papers presented in each topic.

This methodology, applied to gender equality research spanning the past twenty-two years, enables two key contributions. First, we extract the main message that each document is conveying and how this is connected to other themes in literature, providing a rich picture of the topics that are at the center of the discourse, as well as of the emerging topics. Second, by examining the semantic relationship between topics and how tightly their discourses are linked, we can identify the key relationships and connections between different topics. This semi-automatic methodology is also highly reproducible with minimum effort.

This literature review is organized as follows. In the next section, we present how we selected relevant papers and how we analyzed them through text mining and social network analysis. We then illustrate the importance of 27 selected research topics, measured by means of the SBS indicator. In the results section, we present an overview of the literature based on the SBS results–followed by an in-depth narrative analysis of the top 10 topics (i.e., those with the highest SBS) and their connections. Subsequently, we highlight a series of under-studied connections between the topics where there is potential for future research. Through this analysis, we build a map of the main gender-research trends in the last twenty-two years–presenting the most popular themes. We conclude by highlighting key areas on which research should focused in the future.

Our aim is to map a broad topic, gender equality research, that has been approached through a host of different angles and through different disciplines. Scoping reviews are the most appropriate as they provide the freedom to map different themes and identify literature gaps, thereby guiding the recommendation of new research agendas [ 38 ].

Several practical approaches have been proposed to identify and assess the underlying topics of a specific field using big data [ 39 – 41 ], but many of them fail without proper paper retrieval and text preprocessing. This is specifically true for a research field such as the gender-related one, which comprises the work of scholars from different backgrounds. In this section, we illustrate a novel approach for the analysis of scientific (gender-related) papers that relies on methods and tools of social network analysis and text mining. Our procedure has four main steps: (1) data collection, (2) text preprocessing, (3) keywords extraction and classification, and (4) evaluation of semantic importance and image.

Data collection

In this study, we analyze 22 years of literature on gender-related research. Following established practice for scoping reviews [ 42 ], our data collection consisted of two main steps, which we summarize here below.

Firstly, we retrieved from the Scopus database all the articles written in English that contained the term “gender” in their title, abstract or keywords and were published in a journal listed in the Academic Journal Guide 2018 ranking of the Chartered Association of Business Schools (CABS) ( https://charteredabs.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AJG2018-Methodology.pdf ), considering the time period from Jan 2000 to May 2021. We used this information considering that abstracts, titles and keywords represent the most informative part of a paper, while using the full-text would increase the signal-to-noise ratio for information extraction. Indeed, these textual elements already demonstrated to be reliable sources of information for the task of domain lexicon extraction [ 43 , 44 ]. We chose Scopus as source of literature because of its popularity, its update rate, and because it offers an API to ease the querying process. Indeed, while it does not allow to retrieve the full text of scientific articles, the Scopus API offers access to titles, abstracts, citation information and metadata for all its indexed scholarly journals. Moreover, we decided to focus on the journals listed in the AJG 2018 ranking because we were interested in reviewing business and economics related gender studies only. The AJG is indeed widely used by universities and business schools as a reference point for journal and research rigor and quality. This first step, executed in June 2021, returned more than 55,000 papers.

In the second step–because a look at the papers showed very sparse results, many of which were not in line with the topic of this literature review (e.g., papers dealing with health care or medical issues, where the word gender indicates the gender of the patients)–we applied further inclusion criteria to make the sample more focused on the topic of this literature review (i.e., women’s gender equality issues). Specifically, we only retained those papers mentioning, in their title and/or abstract, both gender-related keywords (e.g., daughter, female, mother) and keywords referring to bias and equality issues (e.g., equality, bias, diversity, inclusion). After text pre-processing (see next section), keywords were first identified from a frequency-weighted list of words found in the titles, abstracts and keywords in the initial list of papers, extracted through text mining (following the same approach as [ 43 ]). They were selected by two of the co-authors independently, following respectively a bottom up and a top-down approach. The bottom-up approach consisted of examining the words found in the frequency-weighted list and classifying those related to gender and equality. The top-down approach consisted in searching in the word list for notable gender and equality-related words. Table 1 reports the sets of keywords we considered, together with some examples of words that were used to search for their presence in the dataset (a full list is provided in the S1 Text ). At end of this second step, we obtained a final sample of 15,465 relevant papers.

	Keyword set	Examples of searched words
Gender	Bride
	Daughter	,
	Female	,
	Femini	, ,
	Girl
	Lady	,
	Maid
	Mother	, ,
	Queen
	Widow
	Wife	,
	Woman	,
Equality	Bias	, ,
	Diversity	,
	Empower	, ,
	Equality	, ,
	Equity	, ,
	Homeworking	, ,
	Inclusion	, ,
	Quota
	Stereotype	, ,

Text processing and keyword extraction

Text preprocessing aims at structuring text into a form that can be analyzed by statistical models. In the present section, we describe the preprocessing steps we applied to paper titles and abstracts, which, as explained below, partially follow a standard text preprocessing pipeline [ 45 ]. These activities have been performed using the R package udpipe [ 46 ].

The first step is n-gram extraction (i.e., a sequence of words from a given text sample) to identify which n-grams are important in the analysis, since domain-specific lexicons are often composed by bi-grams and tri-grams [ 47 ]. Multi-word extraction is usually implemented with statistics and linguistic rules, thus using the statistical properties of n-grams or machine learning approaches [ 48 ]. However, for the present paper, we used Scopus metadata in order to have a more effective and efficient n-grams collection approach [ 49 ]. We used the keywords of each paper in order to tag n-grams with their associated keywords automatically. Using this greedy approach, it was possible to collect all the keywords listed by the authors of the papers. From this list, we extracted only keywords composed by two, three and four words, we removed all the acronyms and rare keywords (i.e., appearing in less than 1% of papers), and we clustered keywords showing a high orthographic similarity–measured using a Levenshtein distance [ 50 ] lower than 2, considering these groups of keywords as representing same concepts, but expressed with different spelling. After tagging the n-grams in the abstracts, we followed a common data preparation pipeline that consists of the following steps: (i) tokenization, that splits the text into tokens (i.e., single words and previously tagged multi-words); (ii) removal of stop-words (i.e. those words that add little meaning to the text, usually being very common and short functional words–such as “and”, “or”, or “of”); (iii) parts-of-speech tagging, that is providing information concerning the morphological role of a word and its morphosyntactic context (e.g., if the token is a determiner, the next token is a noun or an adjective with very high confidence, [ 51 ]); and (iv) lemmatization, which consists in substituting each word with its dictionary form (or lemma). The output of the latter step allows grouping together the inflected forms of a word. For example, the verbs “am”, “are”, and “is” have the shared lemma “be”, or the nouns “cat” and “cats” both share the lemma “cat”. We preferred lemmatization over stemming [ 52 ] in order to obtain more interpretable results.

In addition, we identified a further set of keywords (with respect to those listed in the “keywords” field) by applying a series of automatic words unification and removal steps, as suggested in past research [ 53 , 54 ]. We removed: sparse terms (i.e., occurring in less than 0.1% of all documents), common terms (i.e., occurring in more than 10% of all documents) and retained only nouns and adjectives. It is relevant to notice that no document was lost due to these steps. We then used the TF-IDF function [ 55 ] to produce a new list of keywords. We additionally tested other approaches for the identification and clustering of keywords–such as TextRank [ 56 ] or Latent Dirichlet Allocation [ 57 ]–without obtaining more informative results.

Classification of research topics

To guide the literature analysis, two experts met regularly to examine the sample of collected papers and to identify the main topics and trends in gender research. Initially, they conducted brainstorming sessions on the topics they expected to find, due to their knowledge of the literature. This led to an initial list of topics. Subsequently, the experts worked independently, also supported by the keywords in paper titles and abstracts extracted with the procedure described above.

Considering all this information, each expert identified and clustered relevant keywords into topics. At the end of the process, the two assignments were compared and exhibited a 92% agreement. Another meeting was held to discuss discordant cases and reach a consensus. This resulted in a list of 27 topics, briefly introduced in Table 2 and subsequently detailed in the following sections.

Topic	Short Description
Behavior	Behavioral aspects related to gender
Board of directors	Women in boards of directors
Career Progression	Women’s promotion and career advancement
Compensation	Salary and rewards in relation to employment
Culture	Ideas, customs and social behaviors, including bias and stereotypes
Decision-making	The decision-making process
Education	Primary, secondary and tertiary education
Empowerment	Authority, power and self-confidence
Entrepreneurship	Women starting their own enterprises
Family	Women’s relationship with family and family obligations, wok-life balance
Feminine	Female characteristics
Governance	The governance structures of firms and society
Hiring	Appointing women to positions within the workforce
Human Capital	The intellectual capital resulting from education and social capital
Leadership	Leadership skills and leadership positions
Management	Managerial practices and processes
Masculine	Male characteristics
Network	Networking dynamics as they relate to women
Organization	The organization of firms
Parenting	The act of raising children and its implications
Performance	Measuring the work output of individuals, teams and organizations
Personality	Traits and individual characteristics of women
Politics	Policies and regulations, women in politics
Reputation	How women are viewed by their colleagues, peers and society
Role	The roles covered by women in the workforce
Sustainability	Women’s relation to sustainability and social responsibility
Well-Being	Psychological, personal, and social welfare of women

Evaluation of semantic importance

Working on the lemmatized corpus of the 15,465 papers included in our sample, we proceeded with the evaluation of semantic importance trends for each topic and with the analysis of their connections and prevalent textual associations. To this aim, we used the Semantic Brand Score indicator [ 36 ], calculated through the SBS BI webapp [ 37 ] that also produced a brand image report for each topic. For this study we relied on the computing resources of the ENEA/CRESCO infrastructure [ 58 ].

The Semantic Brand Score (SBS) is a measure of semantic importance that combines methods of social network analysis and text mining. It is usually applied for the analysis of (big) textual data to evaluate the importance of one or more brands, names, words, or sets of keywords [ 36 ]. Indeed, the concept of “brand” is intended in a flexible way and goes beyond products or commercial brands. In this study, we evaluate the SBS time-trends of the keywords defining the research topics discussed in the previous section. Semantic importance comprises the three dimensions of topic prevalence, diversity and connectivity. Prevalence measures how frequently a research topic is used in the discourse. The more a topic is mentioned by scientific articles, the more the research community will be aware of it, with possible increase of future studies; this construct is partly related to that of brand awareness [ 59 ]. This effect is even stronger, considering that we are analyzing the title, abstract and keywords of the papers, i.e. the parts that have the highest visibility. A very important characteristic of the SBS is that it considers the relationships among words in a text. Topic importance is not just a matter of how frequently a topic is mentioned, but also of the associations a topic has in the text. Specifically, texts are transformed into networks of co-occurring words, and relationships are studied through social network analysis [ 60 ]. This step is necessary to calculate the other two dimensions of our semantic importance indicator. Accordingly, a social network of words is generated for each time period considered in the analysis–i.e., a graph made of n nodes (words) and E edges weighted by co-occurrence frequency, with W being the set of edge weights. The keywords representing each topic were clustered into single nodes.

The construct of diversity relates to that of brand image [ 59 ], in the sense that it considers the richness and distinctiveness of textual (topic) associations. Considering the above-mentioned networks, we calculated diversity using the distinctiveness centrality metric–as in the formula presented by Fronzetti Colladon and Naldi [ 61 ].

Lastly, connectivity was measured as the weighted betweenness centrality [ 62 , 63 ] of each research topic node. We used the formula presented by Wasserman and Faust [ 60 ]. The dimension of connectivity represents the “brokerage power” of each research topic–i.e., how much it can serve as a bridge to connect other terms (and ultimately topics) in the discourse [ 36 ].

The SBS is the final composite indicator obtained by summing the standardized scores of prevalence, diversity and connectivity. Standardization was carried out considering all the words in the corpus, for each specific timeframe.

This methodology, applied to a large and heterogeneous body of text, enables to automatically identify two important sets of information that add value to the literature review. Firstly, the relevance of each topic in literature is measured through a composite indicator of semantic importance, rather than simply looking at word frequencies. This provides a much richer picture of the topics that are at the center of the discourse, as well as of the topics that are emerging in the literature. Secondly, it enables to examine the extent of the semantic relationship between topics, looking at how tightly their discourses are linked. In a field such as gender equality, where many topics are closely linked to each other and present overlaps in issues and solutions, this methodology offers a novel perspective with respect to traditional literature reviews. In addition, it ensures reproducibility over time and the possibility to semi-automatically update the analysis, as new papers become available.

Overview of main topics

In terms of descriptive textual statistics, our corpus is made of 15,465 text documents, consisting of a total of 2,685,893 lemmatized tokens (words) and 32,279 types. As a result, the type-token ratio is 1.2%. The number of hapaxes is 12,141, with a hapax-token ratio of 37.61%.

Fig 1 shows the list of 27 topics by decreasing SBS. The most researched topic is compensation , exceeding all others in prevalence, diversity, and connectivity. This means it is not only mentioned more often than other topics, but it is also connected to a greater number of other topics and is central to the discourse on gender equality. The next four topics are, in order of SBS, role , education , decision-making , and career progression . These topics, except for education , all concern women in the workforce. Between these first five topics and the following ones there is a clear drop in SBS scores. In particular, the topics that follow have a lower connectivity than the first five. They are hiring , performance , behavior , organization , and human capital . Again, except for behavior and human capital , the other three topics are purely related to women in the workforce. After another drop-off, the following topics deal prevalently with women in society. This trend highlights that research on gender in business journals has so far mainly paid attention to the conditions that women experience in business contexts, while also devoting some attention to women in society.

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Fig 2 shows the SBS time series of the top 10 topics. While there has been a general increase in the number of Scopus-indexed publications in the last decade, we notice that some SBS trends remain steady, or even decrease. In particular, we observe that the main topic of the last twenty-two years, compensation , is losing momentum. Since 2016, it has been surpassed by decision-making , education and role , which may indicate that literature is increasingly attempting to identify root causes of compensation inequalities. Moreover, in the last two years, the topics of hiring , performance , and organization are experiencing the largest importance increase.

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Fig 3 shows the SBS time trends of the remaining 17 topics (i.e., those not in the top 10). As we can see from the graph, there are some that maintain a steady trend–such as reputation , management , networks and governance , which also seem to have little importance. More relevant topics with average stationary trends (except for the last two years) are culture , family , and parenting . The feminine topic is among the most important here, and one of those that exhibit the larger variations over time (similarly to leadership ). On the other hand, the are some topics that, even if not among the most important, show increasing SBS trends; therefore, they could be considered as emerging topics and could become popular in the near future. These are entrepreneurship , leadership , board of directors , and sustainability . These emerging topics are also interesting to anticipate future trends in gender equality research that are conducive to overall equality in society.

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In addition to the SBS score of the different topics, the network of terms they are associated to enables to gauge the extent to which their images (textual associations) overlap or differ ( Fig 4 ).

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There is a central cluster of topics with high similarity, which are all connected with women in the workforce. The cluster includes topics such as organization , decision-making , performance , hiring , human capital , education and compensation . In addition, the topic of well-being is found within this cluster, suggesting that women’s equality in the workforce is associated to well-being considerations. The emerging topics of entrepreneurship and leadership are also closely connected with each other, possibly implying that leadership is a much-researched quality in female entrepreneurship. Topics that are relatively more distant include personality , politics , feminine , empowerment , management , board of directors , reputation , governance , parenting , masculine and network .

The following sections describe the top 10 topics and their main associations in literature (see Table 3 ), while providing a brief overview of the emerging topics.

Topic	Top associations (other topics in bold)
Behavior	social, work, , differences, related, , child, positive, group, individual, self, influence, relationship, stereotype, health, inequality, change, , student, participant, , , experience, , , intention
Career Progression	, inequality, difference , work, social, equity, , , , , level, , development, policy, examine, role, self, experience, , support, , individual, , perceive, academic, differences
Compensation	gap, , difference, inequality, , , work, increase, higher, lower, market, less, labor, household, low, , age, time, high, labour, attention, discrimination, change, country, individual, status
Decision Making	, , social, work, , , inequality, household, group, policy, , process, , health, , level, role, individual, , , equity, , stereotype, different, , change
Education	age, inequality, level, , study, social, health, gap, status, equity, student, , , child, , school, economic, policy, work, , experience, higher, access, household, development
Hiring	, work, , , discrimination, level, , time, , gap, sector, , market, social, increase, status, , policy, inequality, experience, differences, lower, equity, high, data, satisfaction,
Human Capital	, , work, , social, , , , self, , health, , , student, , group, child, individual, development, age, differences, lack, gap, focus, change
Organization	work, , , inequality, , , social, diversity, policy, level, change, , employee, individual, , equity, , practice, value, , management, structure, discrimination, ,
Performance	, , , stereotype, work, , , , , self, impact, social, , , difference, high, firm, threat, student, inequality, role, , increase, relationship, experience
Role	, , work, , , , firm, , , social, , role, , employee, less, increase, experience, traditional, , stereotype, sector, , business, gap, group, data

Compensation

The topic of compensation is related to the topics of role , hiring , education and career progression , however, also sees a very high association with the words gap and inequality . Indeed, a well-known debate in degrowth economics centers around whether and how to adequately compensate women for their childbearing, childrearing, caregiver and household work [e.g., 30 ].

Even in paid work, women continue being offered lower compensations than their male counterparts who have the same job or cover the same role [ 64 – 67 ]. This severe inequality has been widely studied by scholars over the last twenty-two years. Dealing with this topic, some specific roles have been addressed. Specifically, research highlighted differences in compensation between female and male CEOs [e.g., 68 ], top executives [e.g., 69 ], and boards’ directors [e.g., 70 ]. Scholars investigated the determinants of these gaps, such as the gender composition of the board [e.g., 71 – 73 ] or women’s individual characteristics [e.g., 71 , 74 ].

Among these individual characteristics, education plays a relevant role [ 75 ]. Education is indeed presented as the solution for women, not only to achieve top executive roles, but also to reduce wage inequality [e.g., 76 , 77 ]. Past research has highlighted education influences on gender wage gaps, specifically referring to gender differences in skills [e.g., 78 ], college majors [e.g., 79 ], and college selectivity [e.g., 80 ].

Finally, the wage gap issue is strictly interrelated with hiring –e.g., looking at whether being a mother affects hiring and compensation [e.g., 65 , 81 ] or relating compensation to unemployment [e.g., 82 ]–and career progression –for instance looking at meritocracy [ 83 , 84 ] or the characteristics of the boss for whom women work [e.g., 85 ].

The roles covered by women have been deeply investigated. Scholars have focused on the role of women in their families and the society as a whole [e.g., 14 , 15 ], and, more widely, in business contexts [e.g., 18 , 81 ]. Indeed, despite still lagging behind their male counterparts [e.g., 86 , 87 ], in the last decade there has been an increase in top ranked positions achieved by women [e.g., 88 , 89 ]. Following this phenomenon, scholars have posed greater attention towards the presence of women in the board of directors [e.g., 16 , 18 , 90 , 91 ], given the increasing pressure to appoint female directors that firms, especially listed ones, have experienced. Other scholars have focused on the presence of women covering the role of CEO [e.g., 17 , 92 ] or being part of the top management team [e.g., 93 ]. Irrespectively of the level of analysis, all these studies tried to uncover the antecedents of women’s presence among top managers [e.g., 92 , 94 ] and the consequences of having a them involved in the firm’s decision-making –e.g., on performance [e.g., 19 , 95 , 96 ], risk [e.g., 97 , 98 ], and corporate social responsibility [e.g., 99 , 100 ].

Besides studying the difficulties and discriminations faced by women in getting a job [ 81 , 101 ], and, more specifically in the hiring , appointment, or career progression to these apical roles [e.g., 70 , 83 ], the majority of research of women’s roles dealt with compensation issues. Specifically, scholars highlight the pay-gap that still exists between women and men, both in general [e.g., 64 , 65 ], as well as referring to boards’ directors [e.g., 70 , 102 ], CEOs and executives [e.g., 69 , 103 , 104 ].

Finally, other scholars focused on the behavior of women when dealing with business. In this sense, particular attention has been paid to leadership and entrepreneurial behaviors. The former quite overlaps with dealing with the roles mentioned above, but also includes aspects such as leaders being stereotyped as masculine [e.g., 105 ], the need for greater exposure to female leaders to reduce biases [e.g., 106 ], or female leaders acting as queen bees [e.g., 107 ]. Regarding entrepreneurship , scholars mainly investigated women’s entrepreneurial entry [e.g., 108 , 109 ], differences between female and male entrepreneurs in the evaluations and funding received from investors [e.g., 110 , 111 ], and their performance gap [e.g., 112 , 113 ].

Education has long been recognized as key to social advancement and economic stability [ 114 ], for job progression and also a barrier to gender equality, especially in STEM-related fields. Research on education and gender equality is mostly linked with the topics of compensation , human capital , career progression , hiring , parenting and decision-making .

Education contributes to a higher human capital [ 115 ] and constitutes an investment on the part of women towards their future. In this context, literature points to the gender gap in educational attainment, and the consequences for women from a social, economic, personal and professional standpoint. Women are found to have less access to formal education and information, especially in emerging countries, which in turn may cause them to lose social and economic opportunities [e.g., 12 , 116 – 119 ]. Education in local and rural communities is also paramount to communicate the benefits of female empowerment , contributing to overall societal well-being [e.g., 120 ].

Once women access education, the image they have of the world and their place in society (i.e., habitus) affects their education performance [ 13 ] and is passed on to their children. These situations reinforce gender stereotypes, which become self-fulfilling prophecies that may negatively affect female students’ performance by lowering their confidence and heightening their anxiety [ 121 , 122 ]. Besides formal education, also the information that women are exposed to on a daily basis contributes to their human capital . Digital inequalities, for instance, stems from men spending more time online and acquiring higher digital skills than women [ 123 ].

Education is also a factor that should boost employability of candidates and thus hiring , career progression and compensation , however the relationship between these factors is not straightforward [ 115 ]. First, educational choices ( decision-making ) are influenced by variables such as self-efficacy and the presence of barriers, irrespectively of the career opportunities they offer, especially in STEM [ 124 ]. This brings additional difficulties to women’s enrollment and persistence in scientific and technical fields of study due to stereotypes and biases [ 125 , 126 ]. Moreover, access to education does not automatically translate into job opportunities for women and minority groups [ 127 , 128 ] or into female access to managerial positions [ 129 ].

Finally, parenting is reported as an antecedent of education [e.g., 130 ], with much of the literature focusing on the role of parents’ education on the opportunities afforded to children to enroll in education [ 131 – 134 ] and the role of parenting in their offspring’s perception of study fields and attitudes towards learning [ 135 – 138 ]. Parental education is also a predictor of the other related topics, namely human capital and compensation [ 139 ].

Decision-making

This literature mainly points to the fact that women are thought to make decisions differently than men. Women have indeed different priorities, such as they care more about people’s well-being, working with people or helping others, rather than maximizing their personal (or their firm’s) gain [ 140 ]. In other words, women typically present more communal than agentic behaviors, which are instead more frequent among men [ 141 ]. These different attitude, behavior and preferences in turn affect the decisions they make [e.g., 142 ] and the decision-making of the firm in which they work [e.g., 143 ].

At the individual level, gender affects, for instance, career aspirations [e.g., 144 ] and choices [e.g., 142 , 145 ], or the decision of creating a venture [e.g., 108 , 109 , 146 ]. Moreover, in everyday life, women and men make different decisions regarding partners [e.g., 147 ], childcare [e.g., 148 ], education [e.g., 149 ], attention to the environment [e.g., 150 ] and politics [e.g., 151 ].

At the firm level, scholars highlighted, for example, how the presence of women in the board affects corporate decisions [e.g., 152 , 153 ], that female CEOs are more conservative in accounting decisions [e.g., 154 ], or that female CFOs tend to make more conservative decisions regarding the firm’s financial reporting [e.g., 155 ]. Nevertheless, firm level research also investigated decisions that, influenced by gender bias, affect women, such as those pertaining hiring [e.g., 156 , 157 ], compensation [e.g., 73 , 158 ], or the empowerment of women once appointed [ 159 ].

Career progression

Once women have entered the workforce, the key aspect to achieve gender equality becomes career progression , including efforts toward overcoming the glass ceiling. Indeed, according to the SBS analysis, career progression is highly related to words such as work, social issues and equality. The topic with which it has the highest semantic overlap is role , followed by decision-making , hiring , education , compensation , leadership , human capital , and family .

Career progression implies an advancement in the hierarchical ladder of the firm, assigning managerial roles to women. Coherently, much of the literature has focused on identifying rationales for a greater female participation in the top management team and board of directors [e.g., 95 ] as well as the best criteria to ensure that the decision-makers promote the most valuable employees irrespectively of their individual characteristics, such as gender [e.g., 84 ]. The link between career progression , role and compensation is often provided in practice by performance appraisal exercises, frequently rooted in a culture of meritocracy that guides bonuses, salary increases and promotions. However, performance appraisals can actually mask gender-biased decisions where women are held to higher standards than their male colleagues [e.g., 83 , 84 , 95 , 160 , 161 ]. Women often have less opportunities to gain leadership experience and are less visible than their male colleagues, which constitute barriers to career advancement [e.g., 162 ]. Therefore, transparency and accountability, together with procedures that discourage discretionary choices, are paramount to achieve a fair career progression [e.g., 84 ], together with the relaxation of strict job boundaries in favor of cross-functional and self-directed tasks [e.g., 163 ].

In addition, a series of stereotypes about the type of leadership characteristics that are required for top management positions, which fit better with typical male and agentic attributes, are another key barrier to career advancement for women [e.g., 92 , 160 ].

Hiring is the entrance gateway for women into the workforce. Therefore, it is related to other workforce topics such as compensation , role , career progression , decision-making , human capital , performance , organization and education .

A first stream of literature focuses on the process leading up to candidates’ job applications, demonstrating that bias exists before positions are even opened, and it is perpetuated both by men and women through networking and gatekeeping practices [e.g., 164 , 165 ].

The hiring process itself is also subject to biases [ 166 ], for example gender-congruity bias that leads to men being preferred candidates in male-dominated sectors [e.g., 167 ], women being hired in positions with higher risk of failure [e.g., 168 ] and limited transparency and accountability afforded by written processes and procedures [e.g., 164 ] that all contribute to ascriptive inequality. In addition, providing incentives for evaluators to hire women may actually work to this end; however, this is not the case when supporting female candidates endangers higher-ranking male ones [ 169 ].

Another interesting perspective, instead, looks at top management teams’ composition and the effects on hiring practices, indicating that firms with more women in top management are less likely to lay off staff [e.g., 152 ].

Performance

Several scholars posed their attention towards women’s performance, its consequences [e.g., 170 , 171 ] and the implications of having women in decision-making positions [e.g., 18 , 19 ].

At the individual level, research focused on differences in educational and academic performance between women and men, especially referring to the gender gap in STEM fields [e.g., 171 ]. The presence of stereotype threats–that is the expectation that the members of a social group (e.g., women) “must deal with the possibility of being judged or treated stereotypically, or of doing something that would confirm the stereotype” [ 172 ]–affects women’s interested in STEM [e.g., 173 ], as well as their cognitive ability tests, penalizing them [e.g., 174 ]. A stronger gender identification enhances this gap [e.g., 175 ], whereas mentoring and role models can be used as solutions to this problem [e.g., 121 ]. Despite the negative effect of stereotype threats on girls’ performance [ 176 ], female and male students perform equally in mathematics and related subjects [e.g., 177 ]. Moreover, while individuals’ performance at school and university generally affects their achievements and the field in which they end up working, evidence reveals that performance in math or other scientific subjects does not explain why fewer women enter STEM working fields; rather this gap depends on other aspects, such as culture, past working experiences, or self-efficacy [e.g., 170 ]. Finally, scholars have highlighted the penalization that women face for their positive performance, for instance when they succeed in traditionally male areas [e.g., 178 ]. This penalization is explained by the violation of gender-stereotypic prescriptions [e.g., 179 , 180 ], that is having women well performing in agentic areas, which are typical associated to men. Performance penalization can thus be overcome by clearly conveying communal characteristics and behaviors [ 178 ].

Evidence has been provided on how the involvement of women in boards of directors and decision-making positions affects firms’ performance. Nevertheless, results are mixed, with some studies showing positive effects on financial [ 19 , 181 , 182 ] and corporate social performance [ 99 , 182 , 183 ]. Other studies maintain a negative association [e.g., 18 ], and other again mixed [e.g., 184 ] or non-significant association [e.g., 185 ]. Also with respect to the presence of a female CEO, mixed results emerged so far, with some researches demonstrating a positive effect on firm’s performance [e.g., 96 , 186 ], while other obtaining only a limited evidence of this relationship [e.g., 103 ] or a negative one [e.g., 187 ].

Finally, some studies have investigated whether and how women’s performance affects their hiring [e.g., 101 ] and career progression [e.g., 83 , 160 ]. For instance, academic performance leads to different returns in hiring for women and men. Specifically, high-achieving men are called back significantly more often than high-achieving women, which are penalized when they have a major in mathematics; this result depends on employers’ gendered standards for applicants [e.g., 101 ]. Once appointed, performance ratings are more strongly related to promotions for women than men, and promoted women typically show higher past performance ratings than those of promoted men. This suggesting that women are subject to stricter standards for promotion [e.g., 160 ].

Behavioral aspects related to gender follow two main streams of literature. The first examines female personality and behavior in the workplace, and their alignment with cultural expectations or stereotypes [e.g., 188 ] as well as their impacts on equality. There is a common bias that depicts women as less agentic than males. Certain characteristics, such as those more congruent with male behaviors–e.g., self-promotion [e.g., 189 ], negotiation skills [e.g., 190 ] and general agentic behavior [e.g., 191 ]–, are less accepted in women. However, characteristics such as individualism in women have been found to promote greater gender equality in society [ 192 ]. In addition, behaviors such as display of emotions [e.g., 193 ], which are stereotypically female, work against women’s acceptance in the workplace, requiring women to carefully moderate their behavior to avoid exclusion. A counter-intuitive result is that women and minorities, which are more marginalized in the workplace, tend to be better problem-solvers in innovation competitions due to their different knowledge bases [ 194 ].

The other side of the coin is examined in a parallel literature stream on behavior towards women in the workplace. As a result of biases, prejudices and stereotypes, women may experience adverse behavior from their colleagues, such as incivility and harassment, which undermine their well-being [e.g., 195 , 196 ]. Biases that go beyond gender, such as for overweight people, are also more strongly applied to women [ 197 ].

Organization

The role of women and gender bias in organizations has been studied from different perspectives, which mirror those presented in detail in the following sections. Specifically, most research highlighted the stereotypical view of leaders [e.g., 105 ] and the roles played by women within firms, for instance referring to presence in the board of directors [e.g., 18 , 90 , 91 ], appointment as CEOs [e.g., 16 ], or top executives [e.g., 93 ].

Scholars have investigated antecedents and consequences of the presence of women in these apical roles. On the one side they looked at hiring and career progression [e.g., 83 , 92 , 160 , 168 , 198 ], finding women typically disadvantaged with respect to their male counterparts. On the other side, they studied women’s leadership styles and influence on the firm’s decision-making [e.g., 152 , 154 , 155 , 199 ], with implications for performance [e.g., 18 , 19 , 96 ].

Human capital

Human capital is a transverse topic that touches upon many different aspects of female gender equality. As such, it has the most associations with other topics, starting with education as mentioned above, with career-related topics such as role , decision-making , hiring , career progression , performance , compensation , leadership and organization . Another topic with which there is a close connection is behavior . In general, human capital is approached both from the education standpoint but also from the perspective of social capital.

The behavioral aspect in human capital comprises research related to gender differences for example in cultural and religious beliefs that influence women’s attitudes and perceptions towards STEM subjects [ 142 , 200 – 202 ], towards employment [ 203 ] or towards environmental issues [ 150 , 204 ]. These cultural differences also emerge in the context of globalization which may accelerate gender equality in the workforce [ 205 , 206 ]. Gender differences also appear in behaviors such as motivation [ 207 ], and in negotiation [ 190 ], and have repercussions on women’s decision-making related to their careers. The so-called gender equality paradox sees women in countries with lower gender equality more likely to pursue studies and careers in STEM fields, whereas the gap in STEM enrollment widens as countries achieve greater equality in society [ 171 ].

Career progression is modeled by literature as a choice-process where personal preferences, culture and decision-making affect the chosen path and the outcomes. Some literature highlights how women tend to self-select into different professions than men, often due to stereotypes rather than actual ability to perform in these professions [ 142 , 144 ]. These stereotypes also affect the perceptions of female performance or the amount of human capital required to equal male performance [ 110 , 193 , 208 ], particularly for mothers [ 81 ]. It is therefore often assumed that women are better suited to less visible and less leadership -oriented roles [ 209 ]. Women also express differing preferences towards work-family balance, which affect whether and how they pursue human capital gains [ 210 ], and ultimately their career progression and salary .

On the other hand, men are often unaware of gendered processes and behaviors that they carry forward in their interactions and decision-making [ 211 , 212 ]. Therefore, initiatives aimed at increasing managers’ human capital –by raising awareness of gender disparities in their organizations and engaging them in diversity promotion–are essential steps to counter gender bias and segregation [ 213 ].

Emerging topics: Leadership and entrepreneurship

Among the emerging topics, the most pervasive one is women reaching leadership positions in the workforce and in society. This is still a rare occurrence for two main types of factors, on the one hand, bias and discrimination make it harder for women to access leadership positions [e.g., 214 – 216 ], on the other hand, the competitive nature and high pressure associated with leadership positions, coupled with the lack of women currently represented, reduce women’s desire to achieve them [e.g., 209 , 217 ]. Women are more effective leaders when they have access to education, resources and a diverse environment with representation [e.g., 218 , 219 ].

One sector where there is potential for women to carve out a leadership role is entrepreneurship . Although at the start of the millennium the discourse on entrepreneurship was found to be “discriminatory, gender-biased, ethnocentrically determined and ideologically controlled” [ 220 ], an increasing body of literature is studying how to stimulate female entrepreneurship as an alternative pathway to wealth, leadership and empowerment [e.g., 221 ]. Many barriers exist for women to access entrepreneurship, including the institutional and legal environment, social and cultural factors, access to knowledge and resources, and individual behavior [e.g., 222 , 223 ]. Education has been found to raise women’s entrepreneurial intentions [e.g., 224 ], although this effect is smaller than for men [e.g., 109 ]. In addition, increasing self-efficacy and risk-taking behavior constitute important success factors [e.g., 225 ].

Finally, the topic of sustainability is worth mentioning, as it is the primary objective of the SDGs and is closely associated with societal well-being. As society grapples with the effects of climate change and increasing depletion of natural resources, a narrative has emerged on women and their greater link to the environment [ 226 ]. Studies in developed countries have found some support for women leaders’ attention to sustainability issues in firms [e.g., 227 – 229 ], and smaller resource consumption by women [ 230 ]. At the same time, women will likely be more affected by the consequences of climate change [e.g., 230 ] but often lack the decision-making power to influence local decision-making on resource management and environmental policies [e.g., 231 ].

Research gaps and conclusions

Research on gender equality has advanced rapidly in the past decades, with a steady increase in publications, both in mainstream topics related to women in education and the workforce, and in emerging topics. Through a novel approach combining methods of text mining and social network analysis, we examined a comprehensive body of literature comprising 15,465 papers published between 2000 and mid 2021 on topics related to gender equality. We identified a set of 27 topics addressed by the literature and examined their connections.

At the highest level of abstraction, it is worth noting that papers abound on the identification of issues related to gender inequalities and imbalances in the workforce and in society. Literature has thoroughly examined the (unconscious) biases, barriers, stereotypes, and discriminatory behaviors that women are facing as a result of their gender. Instead, there are much fewer papers that discuss or demonstrate effective solutions to overcome gender bias [e.g., 121 , 143 , 145 , 163 , 194 , 213 , 232 ]. This is partly due to the relative ease in studying the status quo, as opposed to studying changes in the status quo. However, we observed a shift in the more recent years towards solution seeking in this domain, which we strongly encourage future researchers to focus on. In the future, we may focus on collecting and mapping pro-active contributions to gender studies, using additional Natural Language Processing techniques, able to measure the sentiment of scientific papers [ 43 ].

All of the mainstream topics identified in our literature review are closely related, and there is a wealth of insights looking at the intersection between issues such as education and career progression or human capital and role . However, emerging topics are worthy of being furtherly explored. It would be interesting to see more work on the topic of female entrepreneurship , exploring aspects such as education , personality , governance , management and leadership . For instance, how can education support female entrepreneurship? How can self-efficacy and risk-taking behaviors be taught or enhanced? What are the differences in managerial and governance styles of female entrepreneurs? Which personality traits are associated with successful entrepreneurs? Which traits are preferred by venture capitalists and funding bodies?

The emerging topic of sustainability also deserves further attention, as our society struggles with climate change and its consequences. It would be interesting to see more research on the intersection between sustainability and entrepreneurship , looking at how female entrepreneurs are tackling sustainability issues, examining both their business models and their company governance . In addition, scholars are suggested to dig deeper into the relationship between family values and behaviors.

Moreover, it would be relevant to understand how women’s networks (social capital), or the composition and structure of social networks involving both women and men, enable them to increase their remuneration and reach top corporate positions, participate in key decision-making bodies, and have a voice in communities. Furthermore, the achievement of gender equality might significantly change firm networks and ecosystems, with important implications for their performance and survival.

Similarly, research at the nexus of (corporate) governance , career progression , compensation and female empowerment could yield useful insights–for example discussing how enterprises, institutions and countries are managed and the impact for women and other minorities. Are there specific governance structures that favor diversity and inclusion?

Lastly, we foresee an emerging stream of research pertaining how the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic challenged women, especially in the workforce, by making gender biases more evident.

For our analysis, we considered a set of 15,465 articles downloaded from the Scopus database (which is the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature). As we were interested in reviewing business and economics related gender studies, we only considered those papers published in journals listed in the Academic Journal Guide (AJG) 2018 ranking of the Chartered Association of Business Schools (CABS). All the journals listed in this ranking are also indexed by Scopus. Therefore, looking at a single database (i.e., Scopus) should not be considered a limitation of our study. However, future research could consider different databases and inclusion criteria.

With our literature review, we offer researchers a comprehensive map of major gender-related research trends over the past twenty-two years. This can serve as a lens to look to the future, contributing to the achievement of SDG5. Researchers may use our study as a starting point to identify key themes addressed in the literature. In addition, our methodological approach–based on the use of the Semantic Brand Score and its webapp–could support scholars interested in reviewing other areas of research.

Supporting information

Acknowledgments.

The computing resources and the related technical support used for this work have been provided by CRESCO/ENEAGRID High Performance Computing infrastructure and its staff. CRESCO/ENEAGRID High Performance Computing infrastructure is funded by ENEA, the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development and by Italian and European research programmes (see http://www.cresco.enea.it/english for information).

Funding Statement

P.B and F.C.: Grant of the Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction of the University of Pisa (DESTEC) for the project “Measuring Gender Bias with Semantic Analysis: The Development of an Assessment Tool and its Application in the European Space Industry. P.B., F.C., A.F.C., P.R.: Grant of the Italian Association of Management Engineering (AiIG), “Misure di sostegno ai soci giovani AiIG” 2020, for the project “Gender Equality Through Data Intelligence (GEDI)”. F.C.: EU project ASSETs+ Project (Alliance for Strategic Skills addressing Emerging Technologies in Defence) EAC/A03/2018 - Erasmus+ programme, Sector Skills Alliances, Lot 3: Sector Skills Alliance for implementing a new strategic approach (Blueprint) to sectoral cooperation on skills G.A. NUMBER: 612678-EPP-1-2019-1-IT-EPPKA2-SSA-B.

Data Availability

Gender Roles - List of Essay Samples And Topic Ideas

Gender roles refer to societal norms dictating the types of behaviors which are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their actual or perceived sex. Essays might delve into the historical evolution of gender roles, their impact on society, and the challenges and implications of shifting gender norms in modern times. We’ve gathered an extensive assortment of free essay samples on the topic of Gender Roles you can find in Papersowl database. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

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Written in response to not only the death of her parents, but also the impending death of the Victorian Era with the looming Modern era, the death of a generation in World War I, and the death of Western patriarchal gender roles; simply ascribing Virginia Woolf’s To The Lighthouse as a eulogy to the death of her parents would be the greatest understatement of the century. Following of course Woolf’s own understated treatment of death and time in the text. […]

Gender Roles on the Culture of American Medicine

Introduction Social constructs are embedded in the everyday lives of people. Constructs can range from a vast majority of things within different cultures throughout the world. Women have gone through a history of steps in order to get to a place where they can be equal to men and even now, there are gender differences between men and woman that are still prevalent today. Woman have gone a long way from the woman's suffrage movement since the 1800s. Women have […]

Gender Roles during the Great Depression and the Cold War

A role or behavior learned by a person as appropriate to their gender which is determined by the prevailing cultural norms is called a gender role. Both men and women have been told how to behave, dress, and even present themselves to the public. An example of gender roles in society is women are supposed to be feminine, graceful, polite, nurturing, emotional, take care of kids, cook, clean; while men are supposed to be muscular, aggressive, tall, take care of […]

Love in Henrik Ibsen’s “A Doll’s House”

Henrik Ibsen's controversial play, "A Doll House", conveys the story of a wife's struggle to obtain her self identity and freedom in escaping the social norms of an irrational system of the nineteenth-century. The protagonist of the play, Nora Helmer, represents dependency and submissiveness, which signifies the oppression of women...exemplifying the conventional feminine standard during the period. On the contrary, her husband, Torvald Helmer is characterized as an alpha male. He is fiercely assertive and independent, but even as a […]

Gender Roles and Identity in Children

Gender roles have always been a focused topic throughout cultural history. Theoretical and empirical work on family gender roles focuses on the process in which parents convey behavior to their children. The family unit and gender roles that are played can directly affect society. There are people who believe there is a role set for them. Traditional American culture has identified a male as the head of the house hold. He is to be considered the Breadwinner . The female […]

Changing Gender Roles in Marriage, Society, and Workplace

Abstract Gender roles play a significant role in our life because it shapes how we think about the society we live in and the people around us. Women have been stereotyped to take care of house business and in the upbringing of kids. Gone are the days this happened now women are taking over what's so-called men's work. Men fear to have a female Boss from what I've heard most men don't like when their Boss is a female they […]

Modernist Take on Gender Roles

Throughout history, the relationships between mother and daughter have been frayed by woman's liberation. Many mothers have an old fashioned, traditional opinion about what a woman should be in society. The short story "Girl", by Jamaica Kincaid, is an example of this particular relationship in action. The theme(s) in "Girl" strongly suggests that a woman should be domesticated and that there is a certain way that she should act, in addition to the role that she must fulfil according to […]

Yemen Presentation: Gender Roles and Statuses

Gender inequality is among the biggest problems in the country of yemen. It is socially accepted that women are nothing more than indulgent mothers, sisters, and wives who perform household duties while men are perceived as the providers responsible for the health and wellbeing of their families. Women in Yemen are plagued by disadvantages and discrimination due to their sex. In yemen culture, women do not have equal rights to men and they have always been considered inferior to men […]

Gender Identity & Roles

Abstract From birth, we as humans are grouped into two categories: male and female. Gender is the first and most basic way to define a person, not only in terms of physical attributions, but also through roles structured by culture and society. Gender roles are social constructs developed by cultures that put various expectations on each sex. They set a standard of what behavior is appropriate for a person according to whether they are male or female. These roles represent […]

Gender Roles in Hayes and Poe

Throughout history, women have battled discrimination and inequality inside and outside of the home. Women were generally seen as worthy only as housewives who took part in chores, such as cooking and cleaning. A woman's perspective did not hold any value, and she was not allowed to do what men were allowed to do, like vote or own land. According to unfpa.org, it says, Gender equality is the measurable equal representation of women and men...they have equal value and should […]

Shakespeare and Gender: Traditional Gender Roles

Shakespeare portrays gender in interesting ways throughout his work by defying traditional gender roles. Many women in Shakespearean plays are strong and rational while their male counterparts are lost, irrational and carried away by their emotions. Examples of this dynamic appear in Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. It would appear Shakespeare believed gender to be a role that people could choose to play in a variety of ways. A comedy usually contained romantic couples whose story ended in marriage. The […]

Gender Roles in Things Fall Apart

The role of women has always been surrounded by controversy, some people believe women should get married, have children and take care of the household. Others believe women should have the choice between working a nine to five job, being a stay at home mom or both. Things Fall Apart was written by African writer Chinua Achebe in 1959, it came from the stories that Achebe’s mother used to tell him about the Igbo people. Things Fall Apart tells the […]

Gender Roles in Society Essay

Gender is a critical aspect of social inequality. Gender has been defined as a means to “serve to reduce assumed parallels between biological and psychological sex or at least make explicit any assumptions of such parallels (Unger 1976, p. 1086). Gender inequality is a prevalent issue in society as a whole, and America is no exception. It is a sociological construct which carves the path in which men and women will live their lives, affecting a broad range of choices […]

Men Succumb to Societal Pressures

Going off to college can be a pivotal moment in a young man’s life– he is away from home, has more independence, has to make new friends, etc. Once a young man is placed in a new environment surrounded by other men, they may feel obligated to “prove” themselves masculine through conventional masculine norms that may have adverse effects to their mental health. The fact that many men succumb to societal pressures to act anti-feminine, self-reliant, aggressive, etc., is important […]

Jane Eyre Gender Roles

The Victorian Era was a period of time where both women and men were treated differently based on their sexuality. Men were recognized as the superior ones in a household and the ones who did all the heavy labor. Women, on the other hand, were usually housewives that were constantly told what to do. Women never really had much of an opinion towards anything that went on in their lives, everyone pretty much expected them to listen to what they […]

A Doll’s House Gender Roles

Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House was a realistic prose drama written in 1879 that portrayed the social constraints women of the 19th century experienced in their daily lives. The controversial social themes in this work embodied the struggle of women to conform to humiliating societal expectations. In the play, the dynamic character Nora, who is first characterized as a trophy wife, begins to recognize the web of lies and deception prevalent in her household. Through the symbol of the tarantella […]

Gender Roles in the Great Gatsby

Looking at F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby through a feminist lens shows us how women in the twenties were portrayed within literature. Fitzgerald shows this by including gender roles, patriarchy controls, and double standards between the sexes. He shows these ideas though the lives of his characters such as Tom, Daisy, Nick, Jordan, George, and Myrtle. Fitzgerald is one of the best feminist writers of his time, he did not realize the impact that he would have on society.Throughout […]

Additional Example Essays

Is Sexual Orientation Determined At Birth?
Gender Inequality in the Workplace
Victorian gender roles in The Picture of Dorian Gray
Feminist Critique in Pygmalion
My Favorite Food and Childhood Memories
The Yellow Wallpaper Feminism
Why Abortion Should be Illegal
Death Penalty Should be Abolished
Logical Fallacies in Letter From Birmingham Jail
How the Roles of Women and Men Were Portrayed in "A Doll's House"
Positive Effects of Social Media
Importance Of Accountability

How to Write an Essay About Gender Roles

Understanding gender roles.

Before diving into an essay about gender roles, it is important to understand what gender roles are and their impact on society. Gender roles are the societal norms dictating the types of behaviors which are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their actual or perceived sex or sexuality. Begin your essay by explaining the concept of gender roles and their historical context. Discuss how gender roles have evolved over time and vary across different cultures and societies. It's also crucial to explore the ways in which these roles are perpetuated and challenged, including through media, education, and family dynamics.

Developing a Thesis Statement

A strong essay on gender roles should be centered around a clear, concise thesis statement. This statement should present a specific viewpoint or argument about gender roles. For instance, you might explore the impact of gender roles on personal identity, analyze the role of media in shaping gender perceptions, or argue the need for a more fluid understanding of gender. Your thesis will guide the direction of your essay and provide a structured approach to your topic.

Gathering Supporting Evidence

To support your thesis, gather evidence from a variety of sources, including sociological studies, historical texts, and current media examples. This might include research on the psychological impact of gender roles, historical analyses of gender in different cultures, or examples of gender representation in films and literature. Use this evidence to support your thesis and build a persuasive argument. Be sure to consider different perspectives and address potential counterarguments.

Analyzing the Effects of Gender Roles

Dedicate a section of your essay to analyzing the effects of gender roles on individuals and society. Discuss the consequences of strict gender roles, including stereotypes, discrimination, and limitations on personal and professional opportunities. Explore how gender roles affect both men and women, and consider the intersectionality of gender with other aspects of identity, such as race, class, and sexuality.

Concluding the Essay

Conclude your essay by summarizing the main points of your discussion and restating your thesis in light of the evidence provided. Your conclusion should tie together your analysis and emphasize the importance of reevaluating and challenging traditional gender roles. You might also want to suggest areas for further research or action that could contribute to a more equitable understanding of gender.

Reviewing and Refining Your Essay

After completing your essay, review and refine it for clarity and coherence. Ensure that your arguments are well-structured and supported by evidence. Check for grammatical accuracy and ensure that your essay flows logically from one point to the next. Consider seeking feedback from peers, educators, or experts in gender studies to further improve your essay. A well-written essay on gender roles will not only demonstrate your understanding of the topic but also your ability to engage critically with societal norms and stereotypes.

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33 Best Women’s and Gender Studies Paper Topics

Gender equity is among the trending issues around the globe. This has been characterized by women empowerment movements in various countries and rules geared towards protecting women in multiple societies.

To do this, institutions have focused on studies on gender, thus empowering women to reduce their vulnerability. The regular changes bring about diverse gender paper topics, making it hard to settle for a specific idea for your thesis paper.

This article will suggest some gender issues topics for the research paper to boost your brainstorming efforts.

Women’s Gender Studies Paper Topics

Gender research paper topics.

Factors that discourage parents from providing their daughters with a decent education in third world countries
Discrimination against women in the workplace and how to overcome the bias
A case study on the psychological implications of single parenting on women
Differences in raising of a girl and boy child and the limitations of their societal expectations
Evolution of movements against gender discrimination
The role of marital partners in the well being
Reasons as to why women are underrepresented in the upper tier of business management
Do family roles in couples hold back the career progress of the wife?
Why elections are biased towards male candidates: Steps to overcoming the bias
Analyzing gender-based violence in various countries across the globe

Research topics in gender studies

How to instill the culture of gender equity in children at a tender age
The role of women in the development of the world economy
Measures that you can take to protect women from gender violence in cities
Women wage-gap across the globe and steps to bridge the gap
Gender role stereotype: their relevance in early days and why their relevance in the modern society
Development of gender studies and the impact of gender studies in women empowerment
Maternity and paternity leave: Are both necessary? Are parenting roles defined for each gender?
Is education a viable option for eliminating societal gender bias?
Factors that contribute to gender inequality within developing countries
Are women inferior to their male counterparts? Factors behind the stereotype and approaches to do away with this stereotype

Feminist research paper topics

The role of environment in the mental growth and role assumption among women
Masculinity vs. femininity: Does the societal view of each gender contribute to the overall gender bias?
Role of mainstream media in eradicating gender bias in society
Famous feminist literary works and their impact on the societal view of gender
How to eliminate sexual exploitation among women in developed and developing countries
Historical roots of male chauvinism and the effect on the feminist movement in Africa
Role of African Women in society and steps to ensuring gender equality
A case study on how social media is shaping the view of feminism
Why feminism is viewed as men hatred in some societies
The impact of little female representation on women political participation

Women’s studies research paper topics

Reasons why women were barred from serving in the US military until 2013. Factors that led to the change.
How women’s health and rights have been associated throughout history
What factors made it easy for Japan to adopt equality laws compared to its European counterparts

How to choose a gender paper topic

When studying gender, the selection of a good topic is essential to have an easy writing process. When brainstorming a subject for your gender papers, you may follow the following tips:

Formulate questions – after reading the thesis statement, formulate a question regarding the main idea encapsulated in the statement.
Compile a keyword list – when formulating your topic, you may consider writing the keywords on the trending issues within the subject. Next, interconnect these keywords and determine how a single case can tackle your ideas.
Check available information – before settling on a topic, check for the availability of materials to back your arguments. However, steer free of issues that have been over addressed as they may limit new ideas without plagiarizing existing work.

30+ environmental science topics for research papers, top 40 social science topics for research papers, leave a reply cancel reply.

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2024		Government
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2023
2023		Classics
2023		Government
2023		History & Literature
2023	Century Imperial Russia	History & Literature
2023		Social Studies
2023		Social Studies
2023		Social Studies
2023		Social Studies
2023	:	Sociology
2023		Sociology
2023		Theater, Dance & Media
2023		Theater, Dance & Media

2022
2022		African and African-American Studies
2022		African and African-American Studies
2022		Government
2022		Government
2022		History
2022		History and Literature
2022		History and Science
2022		Social Studies
2022		Social Studies
2022		Social Studies

2021	Gender Codes: Exploring Malaysia’s Gender Parity in Computer Science	Computer Science
2021	The Voice of Technology: Understanding The Work Of Feminine Voice Assistants and the Feminization of the Interface	Computer Science
2021	Whose Voices, Whose Values? Environmental Policy Effects Ofextra-Community Sovereignty Advocacy	Environmental Science and Public Policy
2021	“Felons, Not Families”: The Construction of Immigrant Criminality in Obama-Era Policies and Discourses, 2011-2016	History and Literature
2021	Seeing Beyond the Binary: The Photographic Construction of Queer Identity in Interwar Paris and Berlin	History and Literature
2021	Iconic Market Women: The Unsung Heroines of Post-Colonial Ghana (1960s-1990s)	History and Literature: Ethnic Studies
2021	From Stove Polish to the She-E-O: The Historical Relationship Between the American Feminist Movement and Consumer Culture	Social Studies
2021	“Interstitial Existence,” De-Personification, and Black Women’s Resistance to Police Brutality	Social Studies
2021	#Metoo Meets #Blm: Understanding Black Feminist Anti-Violence Activism in the United States	Social Studies
2021	"Why Won’t Anyone Fight For Us?”: A Contemporary Class Analysis of the Positions and Politics of H-1b and H-4 Visa Holders	Social Studies

2020	A Feminist Scientific Exploration of Minority Stress and Eating Pathology in Transgender Adolescents
2020	From Decolonization to LGBTQ + Liberation: LGBTQ+ Activism, Colonial History and National Identity in Guyana
2020	La Pocha, Sin Raíces / Spoiled Fruit, Without Roots: A Genealogy of Tejana Borderland Imaginaries	Anthropology
2020	Capturing Authenticity in Indian Transmasculine Identity: Design of a Novel Penile Prosthesis	Biomedical Engineering
2020	More Than Missing: Analyzing Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women Policy Trajectories in the United States and Canada, 2015-2019	Government
2020	“Almost Perfect”: The Cleansing and Erasure of Undocumented and Queer Identities through Performance of Model Families and Citizensh	History & Literature
2020	"He Needs a New Belt:” Queerness, Homonationalism, and the Racial and Sexual Dimensions of Passing in Israeli Cinema	History & Literature
2020	Our Healthy Bodies, Our Healthy Selves: Community Women's Health Centers as Collaborative Sites of Politics, Education, and Care	History of Science
2020	“No Way to Speak of Myself”: Lived and Literary Resistance to Gender in French	Romance Languages and Literatures
2020	Through Eastern European Eyes and Under the Western Gaze: The (Un)Feminist Face of the Russo-Ukrainian War	Slavic Languages and Literatures
2020	Subversion and Subordination: The Materialization of the YouTube Beauty Community in Everyday Reality	Social Studies

2019	Mirror, Mirror, On The Wall, Why Can’t I See Myself At All?: A Close Reading of Children’s Picture Books Featuring Gender Expansive Children of Color	African and African-American Studies
2019	Dilating Health, Healthcare, and Well-Being: Experiences of LGBTQ+ Thai People	Biomedical Engineering
2019	The Consociationalist Culprit: Explaining Women’s Lack of Political Representation in Northern Ireland	Government
2019	Queering the Political Sphere: Play, Performance, and Civil Society with the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence in San Francisco, 1979-1999	Government
2019	Playing With Power: Kink, Race, and Desire	History and Literature
2019	“Take Root:” Community Formation at the San Francisco Chinatown Branch Public Library, 1970s-1990s	History and Literature

2018	Fetal Tomfoolery: Comedy, Activism, and Reproductive Justice in the Pro-Abortion Work of the Lady Parts Justice League
2018	And They're Saying It's Because of the Internet: An Exploration of Sexuality Urban Legends Online	Folklore and Mythology
2018	(In)visibly Queer: Assessing Disparities in the Adjudication of U.S. LGBTQ Asylum Cases	Government

2017	Enough for Today
2017	Radical Appropriations: A Cultural History and Critical Theorization of Cultural Appropriation in Drag Performance
2017	Surviving Safe Spaces: Exploring Survivor Narratives and Community-Based Responses to LGBTQ Intimate Partner Violence
2017	“The Cruelest of All Pains”: Birth, Compassion, and the Female Body in	English
2017	Virtually Normal? How “Initiation” Shapes the Pursuit of Modern Gay Relationships	Social Studies
2017	How Stigma Impacts Mental Health: The Minority Stress Model and Unwed Mothers in South Korea	Sociology
2017	The Future is Taken Care of: Care Robots, Migrant Workers, and the Re-production of Japanese Identity	Visual and Environmental Studies

2016	Bodies on the Line: Empowerment through Collective Subjectification in Women's Rugby Culture
2016	"In the Middle of the Movement": Advocating for Sexuality and Reproductive Health Rights in the Nonprofit Industrial Complex	Anthropology
2016	Breaking the Equator: Formation and Fragmentation of Gender and Race in Indigenous Ecuador	Social Studies
2016	Deconstructing the American Dream: in Kodak Advertisements and Shirley Cards in Post World War II American Culture	Visual and Environmental Studies

2015	Imposing Consent: Past Paradigms, Gender Norms, and the Continuing Conflation of Health and Genital Appearance in Medical Practice for Intersex Infants
2015	And I am Telling You, You Can’t Stop the Beat: Locating Narratives of Racial Crossover in Musical Theater	History and Literature
2015	Reality® Check: Shifting Discourses of “Female Empowerment” in the History of the Reality Female Condom, 1989-2000	History and Science
2015	Dialectics of a Feminist Future	Literature
2015	Lesbian Against the Law: Indian Lesbian Activism and Film, 1987-2014	Literature
2015	Talking Dirty: Using the Pornographic to Negotiate Sexual Discourse in Public and Private	Philosophy
2015	Wars Are Fought, They Are Also Told: A Study of 9/11 and the War on Terrorism in U.S. History Textbooks	Social Studies

2014	Yoko as a Narrator in Nobuyoshi Araki’s and
2014	Reading at an Angle: Theorizing Young Women Reading Science-Fictionally	English and American Literature
2014	“Are you Ready to be Strong?”: Images of Female Empowerment in 1990s Popular Culture	History and Literature
2014	Constructing the Harvard Man: Eugenics, the Science of Physical Education, and Masculinity at Harvard, 1879-1919	History and Science
2014	Sex, Science, and Politics in the Sociobiology Debate	History and Science
2014	"A Little Bit of Sodomy in Me”: Disgust, Loss, and the Politics of Redemption in the American Ex-Gay Movement	Religion
2014	Art of Disturbance: Trans-Actions on the Stage of the US-Mexico Border	Romance Languages and Literatures
2014	“Too Important for Politics”: The Implications of “Autonomy” in the Indian Women’s Movement	Social Studies
2014	Yes, No, Maybe: The Politics of Consent Under Compulsory Sex-Positivity	Social Studies

2013	Inside the Master's House: Gender, Sexuality, and the 'Impossible' History of Slavery in Jamaica, 1753-1786
2013	Illuminating the Darkness Beneath the Lamp: Im Yong-sin’s Disappearance from History and Rewriting the History of Women in Korea’s Colonial Period (1910-1945)	East Asian Languages and Civilizations
2013	"How to Survive a Plague": Navigating AIDS in Mark Doty's Poetry	English and American Literature
2013	Respectability's Girl: Images of Black Girlhood Innocence, 1920-2013	History and Literature
2013	Defining Our Own Lives: The Racial, Gendered, and Postcolonial Experience of Black Women in the Netherlands	Social Studies
2013	Beyond Victim-Blaming: Strategies of Rape Response through Narrative	Sociology

2012	From “Ultimate Females” to “Be(ing) Me”: Uncovering Australian Intersex Experiences and Perspectives
2012	Modernity on Trial: Sodomy and Nation in Malaysia
2012	: Woven Accounts of Gender, Work and Motherhood in South Korea
2012	Sexual Apartheid: Marginalized Identity(s) in South Africa's HIV/AIDS Interventions
2012	The Pornographer's Tools: A Critical and Artistic Response to the Pornography of Georges Bataille and Anaïs Nin
2012	Cerebral interhemispheric connectivity and autism: A laboratory investigation of Dkk3 function in the postmitotic development of callosal projection neuron subpopulations and a historical analysis of the reported male prevalence of autism and the “extreme male brain” theory	Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology

2011	"Let's Just Invite Them In" versus "We Just Don't Have the Resources to Support You": Selective and Non-Selective College Administrators as Creators of Alcohol Policies and Practices, Campus Cultures, and Students' Identities, and Implications for Opportunities in Higher Education
2011	Plaintiffs' Role in Reinventing Legal Arguments for Same-Sex Marriage
2011	Facing Tijuana's Maquilas: An Inquiry into Embodied Viewership of the US-Mexico Border	Romance Languages and Literatures
2011	"The Woman Who Shouts": Coming to Voice as a Young Urban Female Leader	Social Studies
2011	Closet Communities: A Study of Queer Life in Cairo	Social Studies
2011	Redefining Survival: Statistics and the Language of Uncertainty at the Height of the AIDS Epidemic	Statistics

2010	A Genealogy of Gay Male Representation from the Lavender Scare to Lavender Containment
2010	More Than "Thoughts by the Way": Young Women and the Overland Journey Finding Themselves Through Narrative Voice, 1940-1870
2010	Que(e)rying Harvard Men, 1941-1951: A Project on Oral Histories
2010	When Welfare Queens Speak: Survival Rhetoric in the Face of Domination	African and African American Studies
2010	ACT UP New York: Art, Activism and the AIDS Crisis, 1987-1993	Visual and Environmental Studies

2009	"Gay, Straight, or Lying?": The Cultural Silencing of Male Bisexuality in America
2009	"I had never seen a beautiful woman with just one breast": Beauty and Norms of Femininity in Popular Breast Cancer Narratives
2009	Diego Garcia: Islands of Empire, Archipelagos of Resistance
2009	Zion Sexing Palestine
2009	Are You Sisters?: Motherhood, Sisterhood, and the Impossible Black Lesbian Subject	African and African American Studies
2009	Girl Interpellated: Female Childhoods and the Trauma of Nationalist Subjectivity	History and Literature
2009	Breaching the Subject of Birth: An Examination of Undergraduate Women's Perceptions of "Alternative" Birthing Methods	Sociology

2008	Biomedicalizing the Labor of Love: Narratives of Maternal Disability and Reproduction
2008	Dis/locating the Margins: Gloria Anzaldúa and New Potential for Feminist Pedagogy
2008	Mommy, Where Do Babies Come From? Egg Donation and Popular Constructions of Authentic Motherhood
2008	Parallel Histories and Mutual Lessons: Advocates Negotiate Feminism and Domestic Violence Services in Immigrant Communities in Boston
2008	SILENCE=DEATH: (Re)Presentations of "The AIDS Epidemic" 1981-1990
2008	The "Sparrow in the Cage": Images of the Emaciated Body in Representations of Anorexia Nervosa
2008	Theater of the Abject: The Powers of Horror in Sarah Kane's
2008	Toward a Participatory Framework for Inclusive Citizenship: Haitian Immigrant Women's Claim to Civic Space in Boston
2008	"Keepin' it Real," Queering the Real: Queer Hip Hop and the Performance of Authenticity	African and African American Studies
2008	On the Surface: Conceptualizing Gender and Subjectivity in Chinese Lesbian Culture	East Asian Languages and Civilization
2008	Viewing Post-War Black Politics Through a New Lens: Tracing Changes in Ann Perry's Conception of the Mother-Child Relationship, 1943-1965	History and Literature
2008	Silent Families and Invisible Sex: Christian Nationalism and the 2004 Texas Sex Education Battle	Social Studies
2008	White 2.0: Theorizing White Feminist Blogging	Social Studies

2007	Do Mothers Experience The Mommy Wars?: An Examination of the Media's Claims About the Mommy Wars and the Mothers Who Supposedly Fight In Them
2007	On The Offense: The Apologetic Defense and Women's Sports
2007	Stop Being Polite & Start Getting "Real": Examining Madonna & Black Culture Appropriation in the MTV Generation
2007	The Inviability of Balance: Performing Female Political Candidacy
2007	The Money Taboo	English
2007	Somewhere Over the Rainbow Nation: The Dynamics of the Gay and Lesbian Movement and the Countermovement After a Decade of Democracy in South Africa	Government
2007	Facing The Empress: Modern Representations of Women, Power and Ideology In Dynasty China	Religion
2007	Re-Evaluating Homosexuality: Extralegal Factors in Conservative Jewish Law	Social Studies
2007	Who's Producing Your Knowledge?: Filipina American Scholars	Social Studies

2006	"The Potential of Universality": Discovering Gender Fluidity Through Performance
2006	Coming Out of the Candlelight: Erasure, Politics, and Practice at the 2005 Boston Transgender Day of Remembrance
2006	May Our Daughters Return Home: Transnational Organizing to Halt Femicide in Ciudad Juarez
2006	She Let It Happen: An Analysis of Rape Myth Acceptance among Women	Anthropology
2006	"This is no time for the private point of view": Vexing the Confessional in the Poetry of Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton	History and Literature
2006	Relying on the Experts: The Hidden Motives of Tampon Manufacturers, Feminist Health Activists and the Medical Community During the American Toxic Shock Epidemic from 1978- 1982	History of Science
2006	(In)visibility: Identity Rights and Subjective Experience in Gay Beirut	Social Studies
2006	Popular Feminism in the Dominican Republic	Social Studies
2006	Redefining the 'Crisis in Citizenship': The Emergence of Immigrant Women as Political Actors in the United States	Social Studies
2006	The New Goddess: Women, Progress, and Patriarchy in the Hindu Nationalist Movement	Social Studies

2005	"Takin' Back the Night!" Buffy the Vampire Slayer and "Girl Power" Feminism
2005	Bread Winners or Bread Makers? The Professional Challenges for Working Women
2005	Power to the People! Or Not: The Exceptional Decrease in Women’s Formal and Informal Political Participation in Slovenia During Democratization
2005	To Whom Many Doors Are Still Locked: Gender, Space & Power in Harvard Final Clubs
2005	Coca Politics: Women's Leadership in the Chapare	Anthropology
2005	Redressing Prostitution: Trans Sex Work and the Fragmentation of Feminist Theories	Government
2005	The Media Coverage of Women, Ten Years Later, in the 108th Congress, Has Anything Changed Since 'The Year of the Women' in 1992	Government
2005	Divided Designs: Separatism, Intersectionality, and Feminist Science in the 1970s	History of Science
2005	Completing the Circle: Singing Women's Universality and the Music of Libana	Music
2005	Attitudes, Beliefs and Behavior Towards Gays and Lesbians	Psychology
2005	Beauty and Brains: The Influence of Stereotypical Portraits of Women on Implicit Cognition	Psychology
2005	"Rational Kitchens" How Scientific Kitchen Designs Reconfigured Domestic Space and Subjectivity from the White City to the New Frankfurt	Social Studies

2004	Begin By Imagining: Reflections of Women in the Holocaust
2004	Feminism within the Frame: An Analysis of Representations of Women in the Art of Americas Collection at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston	History of Art and Architecture
2004	The Fluid Body: Gender, Agency, and Embodiment in Chöd Ritual	Religion
2004	Parodic Patriotism and Ambivalent Assimilation: A Rereading of Mary Antin's The Promised Land	Romance Languages and Literatures
2004	Virgin, Mother, Warrior: The Virgin of Guadalupe as an Icon of the Anti- Abortion Movement	Romance Languages and Literatures
2004	Feminist Evolutions: An exploration and response to the disconnect between young women and contemporary dominant feminism	Social Studies
2004	Public Enemies: South Asian and Arab Americans Navigate Racialization and Cultural Citizenship After 9/11	Social Studies
2004	The Blue Stockinged Gal of Yesterday is Gone: Life-course Decision-making and Identity Formation of 1950s Radcliffe College Graduates	Social Studies

2003	At the Narrative Center of Gravity: Stories and Identities of Queer Women of Color
2003	Embodying the Psyche, Envisioning the Self: Race, Gender, and Psychology in Postwar American Women’s Fiction
2003	From Many Mouths to Her Mind: Pursuits of Selfhood, the American Woman, and the Self-Help Book
2003	Out of Love: The Permissibility of Abuse in Love and Self Development
2003	Promising Monsters, Perilous Motherhood: The Social Construction of 20th Century Multiple Births
2003	Sexing the Gender Dysphoric Body: A Developmental Examination of Gender Identity Disorder of Childhood
2003	The Specter of Homoeroticism: Recasting Castration in David Fincher's 'Fight Club'
2003	Women's Occupational Health: A Study of Latina Immigrant Janitors at Harvard	Biology
2003	Accidental Bodies	English
2003	Transformations in the Polish Female Gender Model from Communism to Democracy	History of Science
2003	Between Nation and World: Organizing Against Domestic Violence in China	Social Studies
2003	The Process of Becoming: Cultural Identity-Formation Among Second-Generation South Asian Women in the Contexts of Marriage and Family	Social Studies

2002	A Turn of the Page: Contemporary Women’s Reading Groups in America
2002	Bordering Home
2002	Canary in a Coal Mine: The Mixed Race Woman in American History and Literature
2002	Reflections in Yellow
2002	My Rights Don't Just Come to Me: Palestinian Women Negotiating Identity	Anthropology
2002	“Progressive Conservatism”: The Intersection of Boston Women's Involvement in Anti-Suffrage and Progressive Reform, 1908 - 1920	History
2002	“What Can a Woman Do?”: Gender, Youth, and Citizenship at Women's Colleges During World War I	History
2002	Building Strong Community: A Study of Queer Groups at Northeastern, Brandeis, and Harvard	Sociology

2001	Taking Care: Stereotypes, Medical Care, and HIV+ Women
2001	Of Tongues Untied: Stories Told and Retold by Working-Class Women
2001	On Display: Deconstructing Modes of Fashion Exhibition
2001	The Un-Candidates: Gender and Outsider Signals in Women's Political Advertisements
2001	Tugging at the Seams: Feminist Resistance in Pornography
2001	Witnessing Memory': Narrating the Realities of Immigrant and Refugee Women
2001	“La Revolution Tranquille”: Concubinage: The Renegotiation of Gender and the Deregulation of Conjugal Kinship in the Contemporary French Household	Anthropology
2001	What is “natural” about the menstrual cycle?	Anthropology
2001	Multi-Drug Resistance in Malaria: Identification and Characterization of a Putative ABC-Transporter in Plasmodium falciparum	Biology
2001	“We Was Girls Together”: The Role of Female Friendship in Nella Larsen's and Toni Morrison's	English
2001	Pom-Pom Power--The History of Cheerleading at Harvard	History
2001	Conception of Gender in Artificial Intelligence	History of Science
2001	“Hysterilization”: Hysterectomy as Sterilization in the 1970s United States	History of Science
2001	What's Blood Got to Do with It? Menarche, Menstrual Attitudes, Experiences, and Behaviors	Psychology
2001	Facing the Screen: Portrayals of Female Body Image on Websites for Teenagers	Sociology
2001	They're Not Those Kinds of Girls: The Absence of Physical Pleasure in Teenage Girls' Sexual Narratives	Sociology

2000	(Re)Writing Woman: Confronting Gender in the Czech Masculine Narrative
2000	“Like a Nuprin: Little, Yellow, Queer”: The Case for Queer Asian American Autobiofictional Performance
2000	Sex, Mothers, and Bodies: Chilean Sex Workers Voicing their Honor	Anthropology
2000	Mapping his Manila: Feminine Geographies of the City in Nick Joaquin's	English
2000	Precious Mettle: Margaret DeWitt, Susanna Townsend, and Mary Jane Megquier Negotiate Environment, Refinement & Femininity in Gold Rush California	History
2000	From to : Analyzing the Aesthetics of Spoken Word Poetry	History and Literature
2000	The Hymeneal Seal: Embodying Female Virginity in Early Modern England	History of Science
2000	Suit Her Up, She's Ready to Play: How the Woman-in-a-Suit Tackles Social Binaries	Social Studies

1999	"From the Bones of Memory": Women's Stories to the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1999	"When We Get Married, We'll Live Next Door to Each Other": Adolescence, Girl-Friends, and "Lesbian" Desires
1999	Healthy Bodies, Healthy Lives: The Women's Health Initiative and the Politics of Science
1999	Adah Isaacs Menken, The [Un]True Stories: History, Identity, Memory, Menken, and Me	Afro-American Studies
1999	Situated Science: Margaret Cavendish and Natural Philosophical Discourse	English
1999	From "Sympathizers" to Organizers: The Emergence of the Women's Liberation Movement from the New Left at Harvard-Radcliffe	History
1999	Re-(e)valu[ate/ing] Madonna: Understanding the Success of Post-Modernity's Greatest Diva	Music
1999	"Let's Not Change the Subject!": Deliberation on Abortion on the Web, in the House and in Abortion Dialogue Groups	Social Studies
1999	A Socialist-Feminist Re-vision: An Integration of Socialist Feminist and Psychoanalytic Accounts of Women's Oppression	Social Studies
1999	Common Visions, Differing Priorities, Challenging Dynamics: An Examination of a Low-Income Immigrant Women's Cooperative Project	Sociology

1998	"I Don't Want to Grow Up - If It's Like That": Carson McCullers's Construction of Female Adolescence and Women's Coming of Age
1998	Another Toxic Shock: Health Risks from Rayon and Dioxin in Chlorine Bleached Tampons Manufactured in the United States, a Public Policy Analysis
1998	Damned Beauties of the Roaring Twenties: The Death of Young, White, Urban, American Women and
1998	Just Saying No? A Closer Look at the Messages of Three Sexual Abstinence Programs
1998	The Cost of Making Money: Exploring the Dissociative Tendencies of College Educated Strippers
1998	Whose Sexuality? Masochistic Sexual Fantasies and Notions of Feminist Subjectivity
1998	That Takes Balls…or Does it? A Historical and Endocrinologic Examination of the Relation of Androgens to Confidence in Males and Females	Anthropology
1998	black tar/and honey: Anne Sexton in Performance	English
1998	Redefining the Politics of Presence: The Case of Indian Women in Panchayati Raj Institutions	Government
1998	The Psychic Connection: The historical evolution of the psychic hotline in terms of gender, spirituality, and talk therapy	History
1998	Visions and Revisions of Love: and the Crisis of Heterosexual Romance	Visual and Environmental Studies

1997	"I Feel it in My Bones That You are Making History": The Life and Leadership of Pauli Murray
1997	"Reports from the Front: Welfare Mothers Up in Arms": A Case Study with Policy Implications
1997	All the Weapons I Carry 'Round with Me: Five Adult Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse Speak about Their Experiences with Impact Model Mugging
1997	: Manufacturing Multiplicity from American Fashion Magazines
1997	Listening to Stories of Prison: The HIV Epidemic in MCI-Framingham
1997	The Communicating Wire: Bell Telephone, Farm Wives, and the Struggle for Rural Telephone Service
1997	When I Grow Up I Want to Be a Good Girl: Adolescent Fiction and Patriarchal Notions of Womanhood
1997	Out of the Courtroom and onto the Ballot: The Politicization of the 1930s and '40s Massachusetts Birth Control Movement	History
1997	"The Role For Which God Created Them": Women in the United States' Religious Right	Social Studies
1997	Potent Vulnerability: American Jewry and the Romance with Diaspora	Social Studies

1996	"I Certainly Try and Make the Most of it": An Exploratory Study of Teenage Mothers Who Have Remained in High School
1996	In Their Own Words: Life and Love in the Literary Transactions of Adolescent Girls
1996	Math/Theory: Constructing a Feminist Epistemology of Mathematics
1996	Mirror, Mirror on the Wall…" Nella Larsen, Alice Walker, and the Self-Representation of Black Female Sexuality
1996	Racial Iconography and Feminist Film: A Cultural Critique of Independent Women's Cinema
1996	Real Plums in an Imaginary Cake: Mary McCarthy and the Writing of Autobiography
1996	Single-Mother Poverty: A Critical Analysis of Current Welfare Theory and Policy from a Feminist, Cultural Perspective
1996	Intra-household Resource Allocations in South Africa: Is There a Gender Bias?	Economics
1996	Vision and Revision: The Naked Body and the Borders of Sex and Gender	English
1996	Are Abusive Men Different? And Can We Predict Their Behavior?	Psychology
1996	Racial Iconography and Feminist Film: A Cultural Critique of Independent Women's Cinema	Visual and Environmental Studies

1995	"What Does a Girl Do?": Teenage Girls' Voices in the Girl Group Music of the 1950s and '60s
1995	Continuing the Struggle: Gender Equality in an Egalitarian Community
1995	Elements of Community: Re-entering the Landscape of Utah Mormonism
1995	Loving and Living Surrealism: Reuniting Leonora Carrington and Max Ernst
1995	Reading the Body: The Physiological Politics of Gender in Charlotte Bronte's , Margaret Oliphant's , and Mary Braddon's
1995	Searching for a Place Apart: A Journey into and out of Bulimia Nervosa
1995	The Flagstad Case
1995	The Sound Factory
1995	Visual Strategies of the Contemporary U.S. Abortion Conflict
1995	Working Women, Legitimate Lives: The Gender Values Underlying 1994 Welfare Reform
1995	The Hormone Replacement Therapy Decision: Women at the Crossroads of Women's Health	Anthropology
1995	The Economic Consequences of Domestic Violence	Economics
1995	"It's My Skin": Gender, Pathology, and the Jewish Body in Holocaust Narratives	English
1995	Essentialist Tensions: Feminist Theories of the "Maleness" of Philosophy	Philosophy

1994	Differences Among Friends: International feminists, USAID, and Nigerian women
1994	Helke Sander and the Roots of Change: Gaining a Foothold for Women Filmmakers in Postwar Germany
1994	On Dorothy Allison's and Literary Theory on Pain and Witnessing
1994	Redefining : A Study of Chicana Identity and the Malinche Image
1994	The Feminist Critique of the Birth Control Pill
1994	The Re-visited: Women Villains in Contemporary Hollywood Cinema
1994	The Framings of Ethel Rosenberg: Gender, Law, Politics, and Culture in Cold War America
1994	Tradition and Transgression: Gender Roles in Ballroom Dancing
1994	When Pregnancy is a Crime: Addiction, Pregnancy and the Law
1994	Strategic Sentiments: Javanese Women and the Anthropology of Emotion	Anthropology
1994	Engendering Bodies in Pain: Trauma and Silence in Dorothy Allison's	English
1994	The Flowers of Middle Summer	English
1994	Conceptions of Self, Relationships and Gender Roles in Japanese American Women in California and Hawaii	Psychology

1993	Bad Mothers and Wicked (wo)Men: Facts and Fictions about Serial Killers
1993	Child of Imagination: Literary Analysis of Woolf, Steedman, Rich & Gilligan
1993	Gender Roles on Trial During the Reign of Terror
1993	Grief and Rage: The Politics of Death and the Political Implications of Mourning
1993	Jewels in the Net: Women Bringing Relation into the Light of American Buddhist Practice
1993	Mamas Fighting for Freedom in Kenya
1993	Rethinking "Feminine Wiles": Sexuality and Subversion in the Fiction of Jane Bowles
1993	Sexing the Machine: Feminism, Technology, and Postmodernism
1993	Sisterhood is Robin? The Politics of the Woman-Centered Feminist Discourse in the New Ms. Magazine
1993	"Thank God for Technology!" Taking a Second Look at the Technocratic Birth Experience
1993	Where She Slept These Many Years
1993	Women's Narratives of Anger: Exploring the Relationship between Anger and Self
1993	Edith Wharton's : Gendered Paradoxes and Resistance to Representation	English
1993	Sociocognitive and Motivational Influences on Gender-Linked Conduct	Psychology

1992	Conceptions of the Female Self: A Struggle Between Dominant and Resistant Forces
1992	Objectified Subjects: Women in AIDS Clinical Drug Trials
1992	Re-membering the American Dream: Woman in the Process of Placing a Beam in a Bag
1992	: Voices of Resistance
1992	Women and War
1992	Women of the Cloister, Women of the World: American Benedictines in Transition
1992	The Changing Lives of Palestinian Women in the Galilee: Reflections on Some Aspects of Modernization by Three Generations	Anthropology
1992	Blending the Spectrum: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Women and HIV Disease	Biology
1992	Maestra: Five Female Orchestral Conductors in the United States	Music
1992	Negotiating Identity: Multiracial People Challenging the Discourse	Social Studies
1992	Pain, Privacy, and Photography: Approaches to Picturing the Experiences of Battered Women	Visual and Environmental Studies

1991	Incest and the Denial of Paternal Fallibility in Psychoanalysis and Feminist Theory
1991	Sex and the Ivory Girl: Judy Blume Speaks to the Erotics of Disembodiment in Adolescent Girls' Discourses of Sexual Desire
1991	Women's Secrets, Feminine Desires: Narrative Hiding and Revealing in Frances Burney's , Emily Bronte's , and Mary Braddon's
1991	Workers, Mothers and Working Mothers: The Politics of Fetal Protection in the Workplace
1991	Appalachian Identity: A Contested Discourse	Anthropology
1991	Half-Baked in Botswana: Why Cookstoves Aren't Heating Up the Kitchen	Economics
1991	"Management of Men": Political Wives in British Parliamentary Politics, 1846-1867	History
1991	re:Visions of Feminism: An Analysis of Contemporary Film and Video Directed by Asian American Women	Social Studies

1990	A Mini-Revolution: hemlines, gender identity, and the 1960s
1990	Feeding Women and Children First: A Study of the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children
1990	On Refracting a Voice: Readings of Tatiana Tolstaia
1990	Private Lives in Public Spaces: Marie Stopes, The Mothers' Clinics, and the Practice of Contraception
1990	: Meaning and Community Re-orient/ed
1990	With Child: Women's Experiences of Childbirth from Personal, Historical, and Cultural Perspectives
1990	Representing "Miss Lizzie": Class and Gender in the Borden Case	History and Literature
1990	Seductive Strategies: Towards an Interactive Model of Consumerism	History and Literature
1990	Nancy Chodorow's Theory Examined: Contraceptive Use Among Sexually Active Adolescents	Psychology
1990	Choosing Sides: Massachusetts Activists Formulate Opinions on the Abortion Issue	Social Studies

1989	Influence of Early Hollywood Films on Women's Roles in America
1989	Rethinking Sex and Gender in a World of Women without Men: Changing Consciousness and Incorporation of the Feminine in Three Utopias by Women
1989	A Different Voice in Politics: Women As Elites	Government
1989	The Lady Teaches Well: Middle-Class Women and the Sunday School Movement in England, 1780-1830	History
1989	The Analytical Muse: Historiography, Gender and Science in the Life of Lady Ada Lovelace	History of Science
1989	The Tragic Part of Happiness: The Construction of the Subject in	Literatures
1989	The Ideology of Gender Roles in Contemporary Mormonism: Feminist Reform and Traditional Reaction	Religion

1988	La fonction génératrice: French Feminism, Motherhood, and Legal Reform, 1880-1914.

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A majority of latinas feel pressure to support their families or to succeed at work.

Many juggle cultural expectations and gender roles from both Latin America and the U.S., like doing housework and succeeding at work.

Few East Asian adults believe women have an obligation to society to have children

Two-thirds or more in Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam say that women should decide for themselves whether to bear children.

Among parents with young adult children, some dads feel less connected to their kids than moms do

Majorities of both moms and dads with a young adult child age 18 to 34 say they’re as involved in their child’s day-to-day life as they’d like to be.

Many in East Asia say men and women make equally good leaders, despite few female heads of government

When Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen’s term ends in May, only one woman will serve as head of government anywhere in Asia, excluding the Pacific Islands.

Parents, Young Adult Children and the Transition to Adulthood

Most U.S. young adults are at least mostly financially independent and happy with their parents’ involvement in their lives. Parent-child relationships are mostly strong.

About 8 in 10 women in opposite-sex marriages say they took their husband’s last name

Younger women, women with a postgraduate degree and Democratic women are more likely to keep their last name after marriage.

Almost 1 in 5 stay-at-home parents in the U.S. are dads

In 2021, 18% of parents didn’t work for pay, which was unchanged from 2016, according to a new analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data.

Key facts about dads in the U.S.

For Father’s Day, here are six facts about the views and experiences shaping fatherhood in the United States today.

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For Mother’s Day, here’s a snapshot of what motherhood looks like in the U.S. today, drawn from government data and Pew Research Center surveys.

In a Growing Share of U.S. Marriages, Husbands and Wives Earn About the Same

Among married couples in the United States, women’s financial contributions have grown steadily over the last half century. Even when earnings are similar, husbands spend more time on paid work and leisure, while wives devote more time to caregiving and housework.

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143 Unique Gender Inequality Essay Titles & Examples

Here, you will find 85 thought-provoking topics relating to gender, equality, and discrimination. Browse through our list to find inspiration for your paper – and don’t forget to read the gender inequality essay samples written by other students.

👩 Top 10 Gender Equality Title Ideas

🏆 best gender bias essay topics, 💡 interesting topics to write about gender inequality, 📌 simple & easy gender inequality essay titles, 👍 good gender equality research title ideas, ❓ gender inequality research questions.

Globalization, gender, and development.
The Pink Tax.
Women and unpaid labor.
Gender stereotypes in media.
Emma Watson’s speech on gender equality.
A critique of HeForShe campaign.
Education for girls in Ghana.
The suffrage movement.
Crimes against girls and women.
Female empowerment in STEM fields.
Gender Inequality in the Story of Ama Aidoo “In the Cutting of a Drink” The story of Ama Aidoo In the Cutting of a Drink tells about gender inequality, which is expressed in the clash between the typical values of rural residents and the values of people living in […]
Gender Inequality in Workplace Gender is the main reason for inequalities in the workplace; this is because nowadays there is a steady increase in the number of women in workplaces in the world.
Gender Inequality as a Global Issue This essay will examine some of the causes that affect the gap in the treatment of men and women, and its ramifications, particularly regarding developing countries.
Gender Inequality: The Role of Media The media plays a major role in gender socialization because of the ways it chooses to portray women. Shows such as Beauty and the Beast, Cinderella, and Snow White are famous because they usher children […]
Gender Inequality as a Global Societal Problem For eliminating the gender wage gap, nationwide legislation shows to increase the hiring and promotion of women in the workplace. Unfortunately, there is a gap in scholarly research in regards to reflecting the success of […]
Sociological perspectives of Gender Inequality The events taking place in the modern world and the occurrence of the feminist movements during the past few decades can be used to offer a deeper understanding on the subject of gender inequality and […]
Gender Inequality: On the Influence of Culture and Religion Therefore, to understand more about the topic, it is essential to study the issues from various perspectives and find the connection of the discourse to other gender-related problems and theories.
Gender Inequality in Afghanistan Thirdly, there is social gender inequality, which is demonstrated by women being the victims of domestic violence and sexual assault, inequalities in education attainment, lack of freedom to marry and divorce, and unequal access to […]
Gender Inequality and the Glass Ceiling The significant societal barriers that keep women from achieving the highest levels of their careers include, but are not limited to, organizational barriers, societal barriers, and Personal barriers.
Gender Inequality in the Field of Working Wright and Yaeger state that it is the deep intersection of the life and work fields in the current working paradigm that creates daily and long-term problems, limits the available time for male and female […]
Gender Inequality and Female Leaders in the Hospitality Industry The current literature regarding the challenges and issues facing women in leadership positions in the hospitality industry in France is inadequate.
Gender Inequality in Social Media Research shows that teenagers from the age of thirteen use social media to discuss the physical appearances of girls and exchange images with sexual content.
Combating Gender Inequality It is thanks to this approach that humanity will be able to successfully cope with the problem of gender inequality, sexism, and discrimination.
Gender Inequality in Relation to the Military Service In his article, Soutik Biswas refers to the intention of India’s Supreme Court to influence the government and give women commanding roles in the army.
Gender Inequality in Family Business One of the problems that every woman faces in a family business is that of succession. In the model of Royal Families, the right to lead the business belongs to the oldest son.
Social, Cultural and Gender Inequality From a Global Perspective It is the duty of the tutor to craft a lecture-room environment that serves to enhance meaningful discussions concerning gender. This is due to the fact that students learn best in various ways.
Gender Inequality in the Video Games Industry The portrayal of males and females in video games is a subject of study in gender studies and is discussed in the context of sexism in the industry.
Women’s Rights and Gender Inequality in Saudi Arabia Indeed, it is crucial to understand the importance of women’s rights, see the connections between the past, the present, the local, and the global, and realize how political and media discourse represents the social issue […]
Gender Inequality and Socio-Economic Development Gender inequality in the US determines who is to be in the kitchen and who is to sit in the White House.
The Issue of Gender Inequality Reflection Unfortunately, in the opinion of many, inequality in their treatment is even more pronounced, forming a third group from such persons in addition to binary people and positioning them at the end of the list.
Femicide in Mexico and the Problem of Gender Inequality Femicide remains one of the most devastating issues in Mexico, and it is vital to address the gender oppression and inequality that women face.
Gender Inequality in Mass Media However, as a part of society, media organizations are influenced by the same social aspects and biased conclusions as the rest of the community. As a result, the owners and managers of media are mainly […]
Gender Inequality in American Stories and Plays There are disputes about the sexual desire of men and women and how it is applied, and the use of physical strength of men on women.
Gender Inequality and Female Empowerment Promotion Therefore, it is crucial to continue celebrating women’s accomplishments and encourage a positive change within the current perception of women as a social and biological class.
Gender Inequality in Interdisciplinary Lenses Both sociologists and legal experts concur that a gender bias ingrained in society is the primary factor contributing to the issue of women in the workforce.
Gender Inequality at Work in Developed Countries In France, the Netherlands, Spain, and Great Britain, men are disadvantaged throughout the employment process for professions where women predominate. These are the conclusions of a study conducted by the University of Amsterdam, the University […]
Gender Inequality and Its Causes Analysis It is evident that the difference is so insignificant to the point where some women can be athletically stronger than men, and there is a vast difference in strength among men themselves.
Human Objectification as a Tool of Gender Inequality Objectification and culture of suppressed emotions of the male gender lead to the further sexual objectification of the females resulting in unequal social positions.
The Issue of Gender Inequality After Covid-19 To date, the role of women in society has increased many times over, both in the economic, social, and political spheres of public life.
Gender Inequality in the Construction Field It is important that the main actors in the sector understand that gender equality can help reduce the issue of shortage of skill that exists in that field.
Social Enterprises and Gender Inequality in Dubai In the context of UAE demographics, the population of Dubai has been rightfully considered the most diverse in terms of age, income, and socio-ethnic background, as this city is a conglomerate for tourists, business visitors, […]
The Relationship Between Gender Inequality and Women’s Economic Independence In a scenario where the wife is employed, either of the parents has the means of supporting themselves as well as other dependents, and this is the most remarkable benefit of emancipation.
Gender Inequality and Its Implications on American Society It is not just the fight for the women’s rights, elimination of the gender pay gap or the harassment phenomenon. The voices of those who disagree with the fact that the resolution of one case […]
Women From the Downtown Eastside: Gender Inequality One of the main questions that bother many people around the whole world is the identification of the conditions under which the citizens of the Downtown Eastside disappeared.
Issues Surrounding Gender Inequality in the Workplace The main objective of the constructionist point of view is that it is aimed at uncovering how the individuals and the groups tend to participate in the creation of their perceptions of gender and women […]
Public Policy Analysis on Gender Inequality in Education in South Sudan The major challenges related to the development of the educational system are the ongoing violent attacks and natural disasters. The General Education Strategic Plan, 2017-2022 is the government’s response to the most burning issues in […]
Gender Inequality, Violence Against Women, and Fear in The Sopranos Thus, the major research question will be “Does The Sopranos endorse or criticize VaW through the frequent depiction of the scenes of cruelty?” The hypothesis of the research paper will be “The portrayal of VaW […]
Race & Gender Inequality and Economic Empowerment This means that the study will analyze the problem of race and gender inequality and examine how it is related to poverty.
Gender Inequality: “Caliban and the Witch” by Federici Federici shows the fall of female ability for autonomy and the rise of patriarchal societies as a result of an emerging emphasis on global trade and the perceived notion that the wealth of the country […]
Gender Inequality Index 2013 in the Gulf Countries However, the ratio of women in the parliament is noticeably lower, and that explains why the GII of Kuwait is slightly higher than the one of the UEA.
Gender Inequality: Reginald Murphy College To establish the accuracy of the allegations raised as a group, the factors to ensuring the retrieval of the correct information about the issue in question are the involvement of all members of the administration […]
Gender Inequality at the China’s Workplaces Although researchers have quantified the extent of gender pay inequality in the workplace, they hold different opinions regarding the best strategies to use in addressing the problem.
Gender Inequality and Its Historical Origin Seeing that the effects of the two factors are reciprocal, it can be assumed that, though both have had a tangible impact on the contemporary representation of women in the society, traditions have a significantly […]
Gender Inequality in Europe, America, Asia, Africa The laws and customs of the countries located in Africa and the Middle East are shaped by many factors. Some of the laws in the Middle East are clearly unfair towards women.
Women in the Workplace: Gender Inequality I examine the idea of work-and-life balance that is proposed as a solution to the problem of having a family and career at the same time and point out the fact that it is typically […]
Bill Myers’ Leadership and Gender Inequality In this case, the bartenders, wait staff and the busboys all possess the required skills and knowledge for the job, and thus ought to be treated equally.
Gender Inequality in the Labor Force The aim of this article is to assess the assertion that gender inequality exists in the labor force. The table below shows global adult employment-to-population by gender for 1998 and 2008.
How Gender Inequality Persists in the Modern World? According Ridgeway, it may not be correct per se to say that its only women who are aggrieved by the gender imbalance but majority of the cases that depict gender inequalities involve women on the […]
Gender Inequality in America This event highlighted the extent to which women were vulnerable to the prejudices of the society. This particular event is important because it lead to the exclusion of women from the political life of the […]
Gender inequality in Algeria The fact that women helped to build back the ruins of society and the heroism they showed in the war efforts, was forgotten by their husbands and the government.
Gender inequality in Canada According to, although it is certain that men and women have actual differences particularly physically, most of the social indifference perception are not because of the biological connotation but because of the over time cultural […]
Gender Inequality in the US Of more importance in the enhancement of gender inequality is the role of the media. The natural constrains described above and the multiplier effects from the historical insubordination of women still play to men’s favor […]
Observations on the Gender Inequality This is the best way to preserve the stability and order in a gendered society, although the young woman in the street cannot accept this order of things.
The Effects of International Trade on Gender Inequality: Women Carpet Weavers of Iran
The Prevailing Gender Inequality in USA
Perspectives On Gender Inequality And The Barrier Of Culture On Education
Race, Ethnicity and Gender Inequality in the Rwanda Genocide
The Scarcity Of Water And Its Effect On Gender Inequality
Unequal Division Of Economic Growth And Gender Inequality
The Measurement of Multidimensional Gender Inequality
The Growing Issue of Gender Inequality in the Workplace
Understanding Gender Inequality in Employment and Retirement
The Violation of Women and the Practice of Gender Inequality Through Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
The Different Elements That Affect Gender Inequality in Society
How Gender Inequality Is Defined As The Unequal Treatment
The Controversial Issue of Gender Inequality in the Twentieth Century
The Correlation between Poverty and Gender Inequality
The Problem of Gender Inequality in the United States and Its Negative Impact on American Society
National Culture, Gender Inequality and Women’s Success in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
The Institutional Basis of Gender Inequality: The Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)
The Issue of Gender Stereotypes and Its Contribution to Gender Inequality in the Second Presidential Debate
Women´s Right Movement: Gender Inequality
International Relations: Gender Inequality Issues
Problems of Gender Inequality for Women in India and Other
The Role of Women Discrimination and Gender Inequality in Development: The Cross-Section Analysis by Different Income Groups
The Effect of Gender Inequality on Economic Development: Case of African Countries
The Role of Historical Resource Constraints in Modern Gender Inequality: A Cross-Country Analysis
The Influence of Gender Budgeting in Indian States on Gender Inequality and Fiscal Spending
Identity, Society, and Gender Inequality of Women in North West India
How Debates of Gender Inequality and Gender Roles are Conflicted With Family Structures
The Features of the Problem of Gender Inequality in the World
Untapped Potential in the Study of Negotiation and Gender Inequality in Organizations
The Impact of the Sectoral Allocation of Foreign aid on Gender Inequality
The Impact Of Gender Inequality On Employee Satisfaction
The Issue of Gender Inequality Between the North and South in the United States
The Problem of Gender Inequality in South Asia and Its Effects on Girls and Women in Society
Whether Patriarchy Is The Leading Cause Of Gender Inequality
The Issues of Gender Inequality in the Book a Woman on the Edge
Women Deserve For A Girl : A Real Issue Of Gender Inequality
The Main Causes And Consequences Of Gender Inequality
The Experience of Gender Inequality in The Awakening, a Novel by Kate Chopin
The Issues of Gender Inequality in the Political Landscape Despite the Legal and Theoretical Attempts to Overcome the Gender Gap
Measuring Key Disparities in Human Development: The Gender Inequality Index
The Relationship of the Cultural and Historical Specificity of Gender Inequality in Mitchell’s Not Enough of the Past
Stange Journeys and Gender Inequality in Pullman and Dangarembga
Help or Hindrance? Religion’s Impact on Gender Inequality in Attitudes and Outcomes
Should Women Continue Fighting Against Gender Inequality
Women ‘s Gender Inequality By Chinua Achebe ‘s Things Fall Apart
Legislation and Labour Market Gender Inequality: An Analysis of OECD Countries
What Are the Types of Gender Inequality?
Does Gender Inequality Hinder Development and Economic Growth?
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What are the main issues of gender inequality?
How Has Gender Inequality Impacted Contemporary Catholicism?
What Determines Gender Inequality in Household Food Security in Kenya?
Who Is Affected by Gender Inequality?
What Causes Gender Inequality?
Where Is Gender Inequality Most Common?
What Are the Effects of Gender Equality?
How Can We Stop Gender Inequality?
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Does Gender Inequality Still Exist Today?
What Is the Impact of Gender Inequality in the Society?
When Did Gender Inequality Become an Issue?
What Are the Three Main Areas of Gender Inequality in the World?
How Does Gender Inequality Affect Development?
What Is the Difference Between Gender Equity, Gender Equality, and Women’s Empowerment?
Why Is Gender Equality Important?
Is Gender Equality a Concern for Men?
What Are the Manifestations of Gender Inequality in the Modern Society?
Is Gender Inequality Still a Pending and Pressing Issue in the Modern World?
What Are the Causes and Effects of Gender Inequality in the European Society?
Can Gender Inequality Issues Be a Boost for Women’s Progress, Development, and Improvement in the Workplace?
What Are the Future Consequences and Outcomes of the Present-Day Gender Inequality?
Where Does Gender Inequality Step From?
Is It Possible at All to Achieve Gender Equality?
What Is Gender Blindness and How Does It Impact the Overall Concept of Gender Inequality?
Is Education a Solution to Solve Inequality Between the Sexes?
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Home — Essay Samples — Sociology — Sociology of Gender — Gender Roles

Essays on Gender Roles

Hook examples for gender roles essays, "breaking the mold: challenging traditional gender roles" hook.

"Society's mold for gender roles has been set for centuries. Explore the courageous stories of individuals who have shattered stereotypes and challenged the status quo."

"From Pink to Blue: The Influence of Media on Gender Stereotypes" Hook

"Media has played a significant role in perpetuating gender stereotypes. Examine how TV, movies, and advertising continue to shape our perceptions of masculinity and femininity."

"The Gender Pay Gap: Unveiling the Inequality" Hook

"Behind the paycheck lies a stark reality—the gender pay gap. Delve into the reasons behind this disparity and the ongoing fight for pay equity."

"Double Standards: The Burden of Gender Expectations" Hook

"Society often imposes double standards on genders. Discuss the societal pressures and expectations that individuals face and their consequences."

"Reimagining Roles: The Evolution of Gender in the 21st Century" Hook

"The 21st century has witnessed a reimagining of traditional gender roles. Explore the shifts in gender dynamics and how they impact our communities, families, and workplaces."

"Feminism: Empowering Voices, Redefining Roles" Hook

"Feminism has been a driving force in challenging gender norms. Share stories of feminist movements and their impact on dismantling stereotypes and empowering women."

"Parenting Without Borders: Gender-Neutral Approaches" Hook

"Gender-neutral parenting is gaining momentum. Discuss the benefits and challenges of raising children without rigid gender expectations."

The Book of Margery Kempe: a Summary

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The Wife of Bath in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales: a Feminist Analysis

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Gender Roles and Discrimination in Woman at Point Zero

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Gender Roles in Asian Culture: Their Reflection in Literature

Change in gender roles and education, a guide on gender roles in post war as portrayed in mildred pierce, research of how people learn gender roles, gender roles and stereotypes in mulan, gender differences in the education achievements of boys and girls, maoa gene among men and women, abandoning the actions of the society in light in august, the portrayals of females and males in superhero movies, women's struggle in fighting gender inequality in the us, the issues of modernization and gender ideology, discussion of gender identity of children, gender discrimination in boys and girls by alice munro, the issue of gender distinction in boys and girls, the issue of gender equality: a review of literature, the change in traditional gender roles and its consequences, varying gender roles in literature: analysis of the great gatsby and a raisin in the sun, a study of the social structure in mexico, roles of different genders and the risk of contracting western diseases of postclassical mesoamerica, depiction of women as objects in beowulf, the tibetan women problem of gender performativity .

A gender role, also known as a sex role, is a social role encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on that person's sex.

Talcott Parsons, Geert Hofstede, John Money, West and Zimmerman.

Biological factors, culture, religion, media.

Dressing: women wear skirts, men wear pants. Childhood behavior: boys play with guns, girls - with dolls. Sensitivity: men don’t cry, women do. Care taking: comes naturally to women. Working: men work outside, women at home.

Relevant topics

Sex, Gender and Sexuality
Gender Criticism
Gender Stereotypes
Media Analysis
Effects of Social Media
Cultural Appropriation

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100 Best Gender Research Topics
100 Gender Research Topics For Academic Papers. Gender research topics are very popular across the world. Students in different academic disciplines are often asked to write papers and essays about these topics. Some of the disciplines that require learners to write about gender topics include: Sociology. Psychology.
113 Gender Roles Essay Topics & Examples
Gender roles essay topics and titles may include: The history of gender roles and their shifts throughout the time. Male and female roles in society. Gender roles in literature and media. How a man and a woman is perceived in current society. The causes and outcomes of gender discrimination.
112 Gender Essay Topic Ideas & Examples
In this article, we will provide 112 gender essay topic ideas and examples to inspire your writing and research. The impact of gender stereotypes on children's development. Gender inequality in the workplace. Gender representation in the media. The intersection of gender and race. Gender identity and sexual orientation.
138 Research Questions about Gender Roles
Gender refers to the different characteristics concerning femininity and masculinity that influence a person's identity. Gender Roles in Glaspell's "Trifles" Play. This paper discusses the gender roles and the oppression of women in Glaspell's "Trifles". Characters' interactions reveal how society viewed spousal abuse.
569 Gender Essay Topics & Research Topics on Gender
Gender and Sexuality: Essay Example. The Social Construction of Gender. Elizabethan Era Gender Roles in Shakespeare Plays. The Social Construction of Gender Roles. Gender Inequality Issue and Solutions. Preventing Gender-Based Violence. We will write a custom essay on your topic tailored to your instructions!
Top 10 Gender Research Topics & Writing Ideas
Issues modern feminism faces. Sexual orientation and gender identity. Benefits of investing in girls' education. Patriarchal attitudes and stereotypes in family relationships. Toys and games of girls and boys. Roles of men and women in politics. Compare career opportunities for both sexes in the military.
Top 150 Gender Research Topics For An Excellent Paper
There are many controversial topics you can write about in your academic paper. For example, same-sex marriages, legalization of prostitution, sexuality, and many others. Legalization Of Prostitution. Same-sex Adoption Rights. Same-sex Marriage. Rethinking Gender And Therapy. Signs Of Sexuality. Gender-based Violence.
Gender and Politics Research Paper Topics
Gender and Politics Research Paper Topics. The Role of Intersectionality in Women's Political Participation: An Analysis of Racial, Ethnic, and Class Differences in Political Mobilization. Women's Representation in Political Leadership: Examining the Glass Ceiling in Parliaments and Executive Offices.
622 Gender Essay Topic Ideas & Examples
Ethics and Gender: Empowering Societies. The topic "Ethics and Gender" highlights the major challenges affecting many people in the society. The essay presents the best arguments in order to support the importance of this topic. Discussing Gender Roles in the Interaction Perspective.
Frontiers
The study of gender has become a major focus of research in psychology and in social psychology in particular. Among early contributors to this study, Eagly (1987) formulated social role theory to explain the behavior of women and men as well as the stereotypes, attitudes, and ideologies that are relevant to sex and gender. Enhanced by several extensions over the intervening years, this theory ...
Top 10 gender research reads from 2021
Youth. In our series of recommended reading lists, gender experts provide starting points for researchers, students, practitioners and others looking to dive deeper into research on gender and a wide variety of topics. This time, we asked the CGIAR GENDER Platform team members to pick out their top gender research reads from 2021.
Gender & Society: Sage Journals
Gender & Society, the official journal of Sociologists for Women in Society, is a top-ranked journal in sociology and women's studies and publishes fewer than five percent of all papers submitted to it.Articles analyze gender and gendered processes in interactions, organizations, societies, and global and transnational spaces.
Understanding gender roles in the workplace: a qualitative research study
This qualitative study explored female leaders' experiences with gender norms, implicit. bias and microaggressions that they have experienced over the course of their careers. Research questions explored what gender norms exist, how they show up behaviorally in. the workplace, and how gender norms, implicit bias and microaggressions impact.
Twenty years of gender equality research: A scoping review based on a
Our paper offers a scoping review of a large portion of the research that has been published over the last 22 years, on gender equality and related issues, with a specific focus on business and economics studies. Combining innovative methods drawn from both network analysis and text mining, we provide a synthesis of 15,465 scientific articles.
101 Gender Differences Essay Topic Ideas & Examples
Evolutionary Explanation for Sex and Gender Differences. The evolutionary explanation indicates that men's uncertainty on their offspring is disappointing. The theory claims that men's disappointment emanates from sexual disloyalty advanced by women. Person's Individuality, Gender Differences and the Triune Brain.
Gender Roles Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas
Gender roles are defined as the social expectations about the typical and appropriate behavior of men and women. Female gender roles include communal traits and behaviors, which focus on emotional sensitivity, interpersonal skills, and expressivity. Male gender roles include the expectation that boys and men exhibit traits that focus on self ...
33 Women's & Gender Studies Research Topics for Your Paper
33 Best Women's and Gender Studies Paper Topics. Gender equity is among the trending issues around the globe. This has been characterized by women empowerment movements in various countries and rules geared towards protecting women in multiple societies. To do this, institutions have focused on studies on gender, thus empowering women to ...
Past Thesis Topics
2013. Inside the Master's House: Gender, Sexuality, and the 'Impossible' History of Slavery in Jamaica, 1753-1786. 2013. Illuminating the Darkness Beneath the Lamp: Im Yong-sin's Disappearance from History and Rewriting the History of Women in Korea's Colonial Period (1910-1945) East Asian Languages and Civilizations.
Gender Roles
About 8 in 10 women in opposite-sex marriages say they took their husband's last name. Younger women, women with a postgraduate degree and Democratic women are more likely to keep their last name after marriage. short readsAug 3, 2023.
A Global Perspective on Gender Roles and Identity
The processes by which gender identities and roles are communicated and reinforced for young people have been considered within a number of theories, with varying levels of empirical support .However, even Bussey and Bandura's social cognitive theory of gender development has been documented primarily in research from high-income countries, notably in North America.
143 Gender Inequality Essay Topics & Samples
143 Unique Gender Inequality Essay Titles & Examples. Updated: Feb 26th, 2024. 10 min. Here, you will find 85 thought-provoking topics relating to gender, equality, and discrimination. Browse through our list to find inspiration for your paper - and don't forget to read the gender inequality essay samples written by other students.
≡Essays on Gender. Free Examples of Research Paper Topics, Titles
From discussing the impact of traditional gender stereotypes on media representation to exploring the ways in which individuals can challenge and subvert these stereotypes, there is a wealth of material to explore within this topic. Gender essay topics offer a wide range of options for exploration, from gender roles in society to gender and ...
Gender Roles Essays: Free Examples/ Topics / Papers by
In order to compose a comprehensive work on gender roles essay topics, turn to a service that provides samples of relevant papers on gender roles argumentative essay topics with a clear structure, introduction, and conclusion. ... Research of How People Learn Gender Roles . 4 pages / 1630 words .

100 Gender Research Topics For Academic Papers

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Important Gender Issues Topics for Research Paper

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112 Gender Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

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TOP 100 Gender Equality Essay Topics

What is gender equality?

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Top 10 gender research reads from 2021

Top picks by Nicoline de Haan, CGIAR GENDER Platform Director

#2 Gender equality in climate policy and practice

Top picks by Marlene Elias, CGIAR GENDER Platform Alliances Module Lead

#4 Masculinities in forests

Top picks by Els Lecoutere, CGIAR GENDER Platform Science Officer

#6 A review of evidence

Top pick by Hazel Malapit and Elizabeth Bryan, CGIAR GENDER Platform Methods Module Co-leads

#8 Gender and agricultural economics

Top picks by Ranjitha Puskur, CGIAR GENDER Platform Evidence Module Lead

#10 Gender and land ownership

Rural youth in southern Nigeria: Fractured lives and ambitious futures

Gender equality in climate policy and practice hindered by assumptions

Masculinities in Forests: Representations of Diversity

Diffusion and Dilution: The Power and Perils of Integrating Feminist Perspectives Into Household Economics

A review of evidence on gender equality, women's empowerment, and food systems

Advancing gender equality through agricultural and environmental research: Past, present, and future

How women saved agricultural economics

Food and agriculture systems foresight study: Implications for gender, poverty, and nutrition

How many and which women own land in India? Inter-gender and intra-gender gaps

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Twenty years of gender equality research: A scoping review based on a new semantic indicator

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Paola Rovelli

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Data collection

Text processing and keyword extraction

Classification of research topics

Evaluation of semantic importance

Overview of main topics

Compensation

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Career progression

Performance

Organization

Human capital

Emerging topics: Leadership and entrepreneurship

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