Show that you understand the current state of research on your topic.
The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.
One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.
Download our research proposal template
Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.
Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:
The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.
Your introduction should:
To guide your introduction , include information about:
As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.
In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:
Following the literature review, restate your main objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.
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To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasise again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.
For example, your results might have implications for:
Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .
Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.
Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.
Download our research schedule template
Research phase | Objectives | Deadline |
---|---|---|
1. Background research and literature review | 20th January | |
2. Research design planning | and data analysis methods | 13th February |
3. Data collection and preparation | with selected participants and code interviews | 24th March |
4. Data analysis | of interview transcripts | 22nd April |
5. Writing | 17th June | |
6. Revision | final work | 28th July |
If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.
Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:
To determine your budget, think about:
Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement.
Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.
I will compare …
A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.
Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.
A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.
A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.
A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.
All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.
Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.
Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.
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McCombes, S. & George, T. (2023, June 13). How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved 12 August 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/the-research-process/research-proposal-explained/
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The goal of a research proposal is to present and justify the need to study a research problem and to present the practical ways in which the proposed study should be conducted. The design elements and procedures for conducting the research are governed by standards within the predominant discipline in which the problem resides, so guidelines for research proposals are more exacting and less formal than a general project proposal. Research proposals contain extensive literature reviews. They must provide persuasive evidence that a need exists for the proposed study. In addition to providing a rationale, a proposal describes detailed methodology for conducting the research consistent with requirements of the professional or academic field and a statement on anticipated outcomes and/or benefits derived from the study's completion.
Krathwohl, David R. How to Prepare a Dissertation Proposal: Suggestions for Students in Education and the Social and Behavioral Sciences . Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2005.
Your professor may assign the task of writing a research proposal for the following reasons:
A proposal should contain all the key elements involved in designing a completed research study, with sufficient information that allows readers to assess the validity and usefulness of your proposed study. The only elements missing from a research proposal are the findings of the study and your analysis of those results. Finally, an effective proposal is judged on the quality of your writing and, therefore, it is important that your writing is coherent, clear, and compelling.
Regardless of the research problem you are investigating and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions:
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Procter, Margaret. The Academic Proposal . The Lab Report. University College Writing Centre. University of Toronto; Sanford, Keith. Information for Students: Writing a Research Proposal . Baylor University; Wong, Paul T. P. How to Write a Research Proposal . International Network on Personal Meaning. Trinity Western University; Writing Academic Proposals: Conferences, Articles, and Books . The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Writing a Research Proposal . University Library. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Beginning the Proposal Process
As with writing a regular academic paper, research proposals are generally organized the same way throughout most social science disciplines. Proposals vary between ten and twenty-five pages in length. However, before you begin, read the assignment carefully and, if anything seems unclear, ask your professor whether there are any specific requirements for organizing and writing the proposal.
A good place to begin is to ask yourself a series of questions:
In general, a compelling research proposal should document your knowledge of the topic and demonstrate your enthusiasm for conducting the study. Approach it with the intention of leaving your readers feeling like--"Wow, that's an exciting idea and I can’t wait to see how it turns out!"
In general your proposal should include the following sections:
I. Introduction
In the real world of higher education, a research proposal is most often written by scholars seeking grant funding for a research project or it's the first step in getting approval to write a doctoral dissertation. Even if this is just a course assignment, treat your introduction as the initial pitch of an idea or a thorough examination of the significance of a research problem. After reading the introduction, your readers should not only have an understanding of what you want to do, but they should also be able to gain a sense of your passion for the topic and be excited about the study's possible outcomes. Note that most proposals do not include an abstract [summary] before the introduction.
Think about your introduction as a narrative written in one to three paragraphs that succinctly answers the following four questions :
II. Background and Significance
This section can be melded into your introduction or you can create a separate section to help with the organization and narrative flow of your proposal. This is where you explain the context of your proposal and describe in detail why it's important. Approach writing this section with the thought that you can’t assume your readers will know as much about the research problem as you do. Note that this section is not an essay going over everything you have learned about the topic; instead, you must choose what is relevant to help explain the goals for your study.
To that end, while there are no hard and fast rules, you should attempt to address some or all of the following key points:
III. Literature Review
Connected to the background and significance of your study is a section of your proposal devoted to a more deliberate review and synthesis of prior studies related to the research problem under investigation . The purpose here is to place your project within the larger whole of what is currently being explored, while demonstrating to your readers that your work is original and innovative. Think about what questions other researchers have asked, what methods they have used, and what is your understanding of their findings and, where stated, their recommendations. Do not be afraid to challenge the conclusions of prior research. Assess what you believe is missing and state how previous research has failed to adequately examine the issue that your study addresses. For more information on writing literature reviews, GO HERE .
Since a literature review is information dense, it is crucial that this section is intelligently structured to enable a reader to grasp the key arguments underpinning your study in relation to that of other researchers. A good strategy is to break the literature into "conceptual categories" [themes] rather than systematically describing groups of materials one at a time. Note that conceptual categories generally reveal themselves after you have read most of the pertinent literature on your topic so adding new categories is an on-going process of discovery as you read more studies. How do you know you've covered the key conceptual categories underlying the research literature? Generally, you can have confidence that all of the significant conceptual categories have been identified if you start to see repetition in the conclusions or recommendations that are being made.
To help frame your proposal's literature review, here are the "five C’s" of writing a literature review:
IV. Research Design and Methods
This section must be well-written and logically organized because you are not actually doing the research, yet, your reader must have confidence that it is worth pursuing . The reader will never have a study outcome from which to evaluate whether your methodological choices were the correct ones. Thus, the objective here is to convince the reader that your overall research design and methods of analysis will correctly address the problem and that the methods will provide the means to effectively interpret the potential results. Your design and methods should be unmistakably tied to the specific aims of your study.
Describe the overall research design by building upon and drawing examples from your review of the literature. Consider not only methods that other researchers have used but methods of data gathering that have not been used but perhaps could be. Be specific about the methodological approaches you plan to undertake to obtain information, the techniques you would use to analyze the data, and the tests of external validity to which you commit yourself [i.e., the trustworthiness by which you can generalize from your study to other people, places, events, and/or periods of time].
When describing the methods you will use, be sure to cover the following:
Develop a Research Proposal: Writing the Proposal . Office of Library Information Services. Baltimore County Public Schools; Heath, M. Teresa Pereira and Caroline Tynan. “Crafting a Research Proposal.” The Marketing Review 10 (Summer 2010): 147-168; Jones, Mark. “Writing a Research Proposal.” In MasterClass in Geography Education: Transforming Teaching and Learning . Graham Butt, editor. (New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015), pp. 113-127; Juni, Muhamad Hanafiah. “Writing a Research Proposal.” International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences 1 (September/October 2014): 229-240; Krathwohl, David R. How to Prepare a Dissertation Proposal: Suggestions for Students in Education and the Social and Behavioral Sciences . Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2005; Procter, Margaret. The Academic Proposal . The Lab Report. University College Writing Centre. University of Toronto; Punch, Keith and Wayne McGowan. "Developing and Writing a Research Proposal." In From Postgraduate to Social Scientist: A Guide to Key Skills . Nigel Gilbert, ed. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2006), 59-81; Wong, Paul T. P. How to Write a Research Proposal . International Network on Personal Meaning. Trinity Western University; Writing Academic Proposals: Conferences, Articles, and Books . The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Writing a Research Proposal . University Library. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
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Published on October 30, 2022 by Shona McCombes . Revised on October 19, 2023.
The research question is one of the most important parts of your research paper , thesis or dissertation . It’s important to spend some time assessing and refining your question before you get started.
The exact form of your question will depend on a few things, such as the length of your project, the type of research you’re conducting, the topic , and the research problem . However, all research questions should be focused, specific, and relevant to a timely social or scholarly issue.
Once you’ve read our guide on how to write a research question , you can use these examples to craft your own.
Research question | Explanation |
---|---|
The first question is not enough. The second question is more , using . | |
Starting with “why” often means that your question is not enough: there are too many possible answers. By targeting just one aspect of the problem, the second question offers a clear path for research. | |
The first question is too broad and subjective: there’s no clear criteria for what counts as “better.” The second question is much more . It uses clearly defined terms and narrows its focus to a specific population. | |
It is generally not for academic research to answer broad normative questions. The second question is more specific, aiming to gain an understanding of possible solutions in order to make informed recommendations. | |
The first question is too simple: it can be answered with a simple yes or no. The second question is , requiring in-depth investigation and the development of an original argument. | |
The first question is too broad and not very . The second question identifies an underexplored aspect of the topic that requires investigation of various to answer. | |
The first question is not enough: it tries to address two different (the quality of sexual health services and LGBT support services). Even though the two issues are related, it’s not clear how the research will bring them together. The second integrates the two problems into one focused, specific question. | |
The first question is too simple, asking for a straightforward fact that can be easily found online. The second is a more question that requires and detailed discussion to answer. | |
? dealt with the theme of racism through casting, staging, and allusion to contemporary events? | The first question is not — it would be very difficult to contribute anything new. The second question takes a specific angle to make an original argument, and has more relevance to current social concerns and debates. |
The first question asks for a ready-made solution, and is not . The second question is a clearer comparative question, but note that it may not be practically . For a smaller research project or thesis, it could be narrowed down further to focus on the effectiveness of drunk driving laws in just one or two countries. |
Note that the design of your research question can depend on what method you are pursuing. Here are a few options for qualitative, quantitative, and statistical research questions.
Type of research | Example question |
---|---|
Qualitative research question | |
Quantitative research question | |
Statistical research question |
If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
Methodology
Statistics
Research bias
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If you are doing academic research or any research for the company you work for, you will need to present the material in a professional fashion. A research proposal will help explain the intention behind the research you plan to conduct. It will also highlight the research techniques you plan to use. Making clear your intentions and methods is imperative if you want your proposal to impress those who must approve the project. This is where a research proposal template serves as a valuable and helpful resource.
A research paper proposal template breaks down all the necessary sections of the proposal into segments. You can use a research proposal example to help in designing your own template. But, you also have the choice of using a ready-made research paper outline template to make things easier for you.
When filling out the research proposal template you will still need to take considerable care in developing the proposal’s presentation. The proposal needs to be exact, easy to understand, and concise. Academic or business-oriented writing and language are essential. You will need to fill the template in such a way that your ideas still be in linear order. The most basic of formats must be the final shape of the presentation. In other words, your writing is fluid and move from the introduction to the body of the proposal. It must then continue with a fluid presentation into the conclusion of the document.
If you are writing a paper for an independent study or you are writing a dissertation in college, you will need to write a research proposal. The document must express the subject of your research. It must also include how you plan to go forth with the research. This document is of tremendous importance since it is the precursor to a larger body of work. The research paper proposal template is ideal for the following people:
Every research paper differs and is dependent upon the subject matter. You should talk with the supervisor of your project to find out about project expectations and deadlines. You can verify proposal deadlines and if the research you are interested in pursuing is acceptable.
The academic level and the purpose of the paper, whether a dissertation or some other type of assignment, plays a role in what goes into the initial proposal. However, there are some general elements one can expect to find in a proposal.
A quality research proposal example will reveal a document offering a clear, well-written outline describing your project’s undertaking. The plans you have for completing the research is something to include in the proposal. The goal of the proposal is so you can sway project funders to provide you with the monies needed to complete the necessary research. Or, it might be that your goal is to impress your professor by proving the knowledge you’ve accumulated will contribute to a successful research project.
No matter what you decide to research, the proposal will have some basic requirements to meet. The proposal must include the following:
It’s imperative that the abstract stays brief. The expectation is about 250 to 300 words in length. That’s about 10 percent of the total length of the research proposal. Longer than that, and it might deter the reader’s interest. It will also give you less room to discuss the goals and aims of the research project.
The length of the research proposal template is not long. You’ll find most writing requirements demand a word count of 2500 to 3000 words. Depending on spacing requirements, this might be three to five pages of information. This ensures concise writing. Of course, the study supervisor makes the final call on proposal length and necessary inclusions.
The research proposal template will have an area where you can put the title of the document. This title needs to be short, concise, and to the point. It should not take up more space than necessary. You’ll need to have a title that is absent of acronyms or abbreviations. The title needs to have a hook or stimulating words that will stir up the reader’s interest in what the research paper is about; you can use a research proposal example to get an idea about excellent title writing.
Within the title, if it is possible for you to do so, you need to give reference to the independent and dependent variables. If it is possible, the title needs to still be under 15 words. It should not be shorter than five words. There will be room for the catchy title on a research paper proposal template; it is here you will win the attentions of that all-important reader.
The title should be on a separate page and set apart from the rest of the template. Here, the author’s name, the class or course name, and the date of the work is necessary. The page numbers begin on the next page, but do not appear on the first page of the template.
Part of presenting a well-documented and researched paper is to make it available with ease of access. The table of contents follows the title page. The main chapters or sections of the paper must appear neat and orderly. Sub-headings are something you can add to make it easy to find the detailed portions of each section or chapter as well. If you can create a mock table of contents, it can serve as an outline for the paper’s structure. You can always edit the table later as you develop your research and expand on the subject matter.
The abstract is the next section you will see on a well-constructed research proposal template. This area has information about what the paper holds. The abstract is a summary so the reader gets an immediate understanding about the arguments or discoveries in the paper. The abstract should be in active voice if it is possible to do so.
The proper use of grammar and sentence style is also necessary when you are writing the abstract. You might benefit from writing the abstract portion of the paper last. This gives you an opportunity to work your way through the rest of the research paper outline template. It allows for the opportunity to develop a clear description of all the essential information the paper holds.
The abstract of the research proposal template needs to be short. You do not mention your references or research material at this point. All sentences should be complete and you should not use ellipses. Terms, jargon, and related abbreviations should appear the body of the paper. Do not reference your images at this point either. It is a clear and unambiguous explanation of the paper’s purpose only.
Depending on the research proposal template and assignment specifications, you might see a section where you must present some background information and the rationale for the paper. This is a section allowing you to describe how you decided to examine the subject of the paper.
You can help draw the interest of the reader if you explain how you became interested in what the paper explores. The answer needs to be brief, but by explaining the development of your interests, it will help the reader understand the point of you view you take when examining your subject matter. Here, a bit of your background and experience can also prove both beneficial and revealing.
In this section, you can touch on some of the supporting literature you will use to back your arguments. Your familiarity with the subject matter will become clear as you make mention of the types of work you’ve explored during the process of your planned research. The information of most value, however, will be the reason the project is a worthwhile expedition or endeavor; it’s your job to tell the reader the knowledge you expect to gain through the study.
As you examine one research proposal example after another, you will see the style of the paper differs on the type of coursework relating to the paper in question. You’ll also see differences in a research proposal template design when you are proposing diverse types of research. Some papers need an area where explore one or more research questions. Others might want a cut and dry introduction revealing the questions you plan to explore. The subject of your investigation and the questions you plan to answer need to have a clear definition. You need to know in advance what you plan to focus on with the work you are developing. Here you need to convince the reader you have a solid understanding of the subject and how you will approach it.
Some research paper proposal template selections will include an area where you can include a literary review. This section allows you to make a list of the literature you have explored to support your research. It can also list the literature you plan to examine to find evidence supporting your theories or position. The literature review is a place to give the reader with a summary of existing literature, and your interpretation of that literature. Emphasis is on your interpretation here; you don’t want to regurgitate someone else’s work. You want to interpret what you’ve found and enhance it by adding your own opinion to it. In this section, you’ll also need to find any gaps that might be in existing research. If your theory or presentation plans to address this gap in knowledge, you can identify that fact in this section by explaining how it will supply the missing knowledge.
The Framework or Methodology of the Proposal
This is the part of the research proposal template that needs information in relation to the methods you plan to use to research and support your argument. Are there special methods or procedures you must use? Here, you’ll have to source your information and data. The reader can internalize the information and consider whether it is valid or not. Your means of analysis will also undergo the reader’s scrutiny. The inclusion of the method section of is imperative. No matter what subject you are covering, if the information you are using is outdated, outmoded, spurious, or if your focus is too rigid, you can end up with a research project featuring weak or refutable arguments.
Since there are many methods for conducting research, you’ll need to clarify your research techniques. This section of the research template proposal gives you the chance to reveal the reasons why you choose one method of research over others. For example, did you use an observational method when you conducted your research ? Did you interact with any subjects in the study? If so, how did you interact? Did you offer a questionnaire for students to answer? What size was the representative sample for the questionnaire? Clarifying your method will allow the reader to understand how you approached the research.
A research proposal template can help simplify the task of proposing research for a dissertation, job, or research grant approval. While the template helps in designing a proposal that helps a supervisor or governing body understand your theories and methods, it is also a paper that helps you in developing an understanding of how to continue with writing the longer dissertation. It will serve as a documented outline of the literary pieces you’ll need to review for project completion. The proposal also defines your theory in concrete terms, so you can compare your findings with the initial assertions you set forth in the proposal. You may find your argument and findings evolve during the course of the research.
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Presenting your proposal to a stakeholder is a crucial opportunity to gain the confidence and support needed to begin realizing your academic dream. Your project proposal is the key to making this happen, so it's essential to ensure it is both professional and persuasive. This will increase your chances of getting the support you need. In this guide, I will show you how to write a compelling proposal, enabling you to successfully achieve your goals.
Understanding when to write a proposal and how to structure it effectively is crucial for success in many professional and academic contexts. Let's explore the scenarios that call for proposals and break down their typical structure.
Proposals are essential documents in various situations where you need to present an idea, plan, or solution to decision-makers or potential collaborators. Here are some common scenarios where proposals are necessary:
Business Projects:
When pitching a new product or service to potential clients
When seeking approval for an internal project from management
When responding to a Request for Proposal (RFP) from a potential client
Funding Requests:
When applying for grants from government agencies or private foundations
When seeking investment from venture capitalists or angel investors
When requesting an increased budget for a department or project
Academic and Research Contexts:
When proposing a research project or study
When applying for research funding or scholarships
When suggesting changes to academic curricula or programs
Community and Non-Profit Initiatives:
When proposing a community development project
When seeking partnerships with other organizations
When requesting support or resources from local government
Policy Changes:
When suggesting new policies or amendments to existing ones in an organization
When proposing legislative changes to government bodies
Event Planning:
When pitching an idea for a conference or large-scale event
When proposing a new company-wide initiative or program
Consulting Services:
When offering solutions to a client's specific problem
When proposing a long-term consulting arrangement
In essence, any situation where you need to persuade others to support your idea, provide resources, or take a specific action may call for a well-crafted proposal.
When crafting a proposal, understanding the function and importance of each structural element is crucial. Let's break down the most critical components:
1. Executive Summary: The executive summary is arguably the most crucial part of your proposal. It's often the first (and sometimes only) section that decision-makers read thoroughly.
2. Introduction (Problem Statement): The introduction sets the stage for your proposal by clearly defining the problem or need you're addressing.
3. Proposed Solution / Project Description: This section is the heart of your proposal. It's where you present your ideas and plans in detail.
4. Qualifications: In this section, you establish why you or your team are the right choice for this project.
5. Timeline: A clear timeline is crucial for setting expectations and demonstrating your planning abilities.
6. Budget: The budget section is critical, especially for proposals seeking funding.
7. Expected Outcomes / Benefits: This section ties everything together by clearly stating what will be achieved.
Remember, this structure is flexible and can be adapted to suit your specific needs and the expectations of your audience. Some proposals might combine or omit certain sections, while others might require additional components.
Understanding the different types of project proposals can help you create your document to best fit your audience and objectives. Here are six common types of project proposals with examples to illustrate each one:
1.Solicited Proposals
A solicited proposal is submitted in response to a Request for Proposal (RFP), where a project opportunity is announced, and you’re asked to submit a bid. For example, the city government issues an RFP seeking innovative solutions for sustainable urban development. Your proposal on the topic "Green Infrastructure Development for Urban Sustainability" will need to include thorough research on sustainable practices, detailed design plans, a well-thought-out budget, and a clear demonstration of your team’s expertise. The goal is to stand out among other competitors and convince the city that your plan is the best choice.
2.Unsolicited Proposals
An unsolicited proposal is when you propose a project idea without any prior request. For example, you notice a growing need for a new educational app that can enhance remote learning, and you pitch this idea to a tech company. Your proposal on the topic "Innovative Educational App for Remote Learning Enhancement" must be particularly compelling, showcasing the app’s unique features, explaining its market potential, and demonstrating how it aligns with the tech company’s goals. Persuading them to invest in your idea will require a strong, persuasive argument.
3.Informal Proposals
An informal proposal is submitted when a client shows interest in your services but hasn’t issued a formal RFP. For example, a potential client inquires about your web design services. Your proposal on the topic "Revamping XYZ Company's Online Presence with Modern Web Design" should be tailored to the client’s needs. Include examples of past work, timelines, and cost estimates to highlight your expertise and the benefits of your services. The aim is to convince the client that your approach will effectively enhance their online presence.
4.Renewal Proposals
A renewal proposal is used when you want to extend an existing contract with a client. For example, your marketing firm’s contract with a client is about to expire, and you wish to renew it. Your proposal on the topic "Extending Digital Marketing Services for Continued Growth" emphasizes the successes achieved during the current contract period, such as increased web traffic and lead generation. It also outlines future plans to demonstrate ongoing value, persuading the client that renewing the contract will continue to benefit their business.
5.Continuation Proposals
A continuation proposal is needed to update stakeholders on the progress of an ongoing project. For example, your research project on climate change impacts is progressing, and you need to inform the funding organization. Your proposal on the topic "Progress Update on Climate Change Impact Research" provides a detailed update on completed milestones, current activities, and upcoming steps. It keeps stakeholders informed and engaged by showing how the project is advancing towards its goals, without needing to persuade them of its value again.
6.Supplemental Proposals
A supplemental proposal is used when you need additional resources for an ongoing project. For example, halfway through developing a new AI product, you realize you need more funding. Your proposal on the topic "Request for Additional Resources for Advanced AI Product Development" explains the progress made so far, identifies why additional resources are necessary (such as encountering unforeseen technical challenges), and persuasively argues for the extra investment. The objective is to ensure stakeholders understand the need for more support to successfully complete the project.
Learning how to write a proposal for a project or research paper is a vital skill that can open doors to new opportunities, secure funding, or attract clients. However, many students find themselves overwhelmed and confused after browsing various online tutorials and guides. To address this, I’ve created a straightforward guide that outlines how to write a proposal step by step, with examples to ensure that your next proposal achieves the desired results.
The first step in writing a stellar proposal is to set the stage with a strong introduction. This is your chance to make a lasting first impression, so make it count!
Begin by clearly stating who you are and why you're uniquely qualified to address the issue at hand. Provide relevant background information about yourself or your organization that establishes credibility.
For example:
As the lead researcher at Green Solutions Inc., with over a decade of experience in sustainable urban planning, I'm writing to propose an innovative solution to our city's growing traffic congestion problem. |
---|
Next, delve into defining the problem. Paint a vivid picture of the issue you're addressing, using data and real-world examples to illustrate its significance. This helps your reader understand the urgency and importance of finding a solution. For instance:
Our city has seen a 40% increase in traffic congestion over the past five years, resulting in an average commute time of 45 minutes for a mere 10-mile journey. This not only impacts productivity but also contributes to increased carbon emissions and decreased quality of life for our residents. |
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By clearly defining the problem, you're setting the stage for your proposed solution and demonstrating your thorough understanding of the situation.
With the problem clearly defined, it's time to articulate the purpose of your proposal and present your solution. This is where you transition from the problem to the possibility of positive change.
Start by explicitly stating the purpose of your proposal. Are you seeking funding? Approval for a new project? Or perhaps you're offering services to solve a specific issue? Be clear and direct.
The purpose of this proposal is to secure funding and approval for implementing a smart traffic management system that will revolutionize our city's traffic flow. |
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Now, it's time to shine the spotlight on your solution. Present it with confidence, highlighting how it directly addresses the problem you've outlined. Be sure to:
Explain your solution in clear, jargon-free language
Highlight the key features and benefits
Demonstrate how it solves the problem more effectively than existing solutions
For instance:
Our proposed smart traffic management system utilizes AI-powered sensors and adaptive traffic lights to optimize traffic flow in real-time. By analyzing traffic patterns and adjusting signal timings accordingly, we can reduce average commute times by up to 30% and decrease idle time at intersections by 40%. This not only improves efficiency but also significantly reduces carbon emissions from idling vehicles. |
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Always strive to make this part as clear as possible, and ensure your solution is both innovative and feasible. It’s crucial to balance ambition with practicality to maintain credibility. If you need help improving your writing, use the WPS AI 'Improve Writing' feature. This will enable you to present your purpose and solution most effectively, helping your readers understand the proposal better.
With your solution presented, it's crucial to outline clear goals, objectives, and deliverables. This step transforms your idea from a concept into an actionable plan, giving your proposal structure and measurability.
Start by defining your overarching goals. These are the big-picture outcomes you aim to achieve.
Our primary goal is to reduce overall traffic congestion in the city by 35% within the first year of implementation, leading to improved quality of life for residents and a significant reduction in carbon emissions. |
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Next, break down these goals into specific, measurable objectives. These should be SMART: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. For instance:
"Decrease average commute times by 30% within six months of system implementation."
"Reduce traffic-related carbon emissions by 25% within the first year."
"Improve emergency vehicle response times by 40% within three months of launch."
Finally, outline the concrete deliverables of your project. These are the tangible outcomes or products that you'll provide. Be specific about what will be delivered, when, and in what form.
Installation of AI-powered traffic sensors at 100 key intersections across the city, completed within the first three months. Development and launch of a user-friendly mobile app for real-time traffic updates and optimal route suggestions, available to the public by month four. Monthly progress reports detailing traffic flow improvements, emission reductions, and system performance metrics. |
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By clearly defining your goals, objectives, and deliverables, you provide a roadmap for success and offer decision-makers concrete metrics to evaluate your proposal's potential impact. To enhance the impact of your objectives, consider presenting them in a bullet list or table format . While this may require some effort in formatting, you can streamline the process by using the WPS AI 'Change Layout' feature to quickly adjust the layout.
In a sea of proposals, it's crucial to make yours stand out. This step is all about showcasing your unique qualifications, innovative approaches, or any other factors that make your proposal the best choice.
Start by identifying your unique selling points (USPs). These could be:
Specialized expertise or experience
Innovative technology or methodologies
Proven track record of success in similar projects
Strong partnerships or collaborations
Cost-effectiveness or efficiency of your approach
What sets our proposal apart is our team's unique blend of expertise in AI, urban planning, and environmental science. We've successfully implemented similar systems in three major cities, resulting in an average 40% reduction in traffic congestion. Our proprietary AI algorithms, developed in partnership with leading computer science researchers at XYZ University, offer unparalleled accuracy in predicting and managing traffic patterns. |
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Don't be afraid to draw comparisons with alternative solutions, highlighting why yours is superior. However, maintain a professional tone and avoid disparaging competitors. Instead, focus on the strengths of your approach:
While traditional traffic management systems rely on fixed timing patterns, our adaptive AI-driven approach continuously learns and adjusts in real-time. This flexibility allows our system to handle unexpected traffic surges or road closures more effectively, providing a level of responsiveness that static systems simply can't match. |
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Remember to back up your claims with evidence whenever possible. This might include data from previous projects, testimonials from satisfied clients, endorsements from industry experts, or findings from research projects. For assistance in quickly gathering such evidence, consider asking the WPS AI chatbot for help.
Now that you've convinced your reader why your proposal is the best choice, it's time to get down to the nitty-gritty details of how you'll make it happen. This step is all about demonstrating that you have a well-thought-out plan for implementation.
Start by outlining your plan of action. Break down the project into clear phases or steps, explaining what will be done in each.
Next, present a detailed project schedule. A Gantt chart or timeline can be an effective visual aid here. Be sure to include key milestones and deadlines. To make it professional, consider using Gantt chart templates available on WPS. These professionally designed templates can save you time, and you can edit and format them directly in WPS Spreadsheet to personalize them as needed.
Finally, provide a comprehensive budget breakdown. Be transparent about costs and how funds will be allocated.
Total project budget: $5,000,000 Breakdown: Hardware (sensors, adaptive traffic lights): $2,500,000 Software development and AI implementation: $1,000,000 Installation and infrastructure upgrades: $750,000 Staff training and capacity building: $250,000 Ongoing maintenance and support (Year 1): $500,000 |
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Explain how this budget offers value for money, perhaps by comparing it to the potential savings or benefits the project will bring:
While the initial investment is significant, our projections show that the system will result in annual savings of $7,000,000 through reduced fuel consumption, increased productivity, and decreased road maintenance costs. This means the project will pay for itself within the first year of operation. |
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By providing a clear plan, schedule, and budget, you're demonstrating that you've thought through all aspects of the project and are ready to hit the ground running.
As we approach the conclusion of your proposal, it's time to bring all the elements together and leave a lasting impression. This step is about reinforcing the key points of your proposal and compelling your reader to take action.
Start by summarizing the main points of your proposal. Remind the reader of:
The problem you're addressing and its significance
Your innovative solution and how it solves the problem
Your unique qualifications and what sets you apart
The clear goals, objectives, and deliverables you've outlined
Your well-structured plan, timeline, and budget
In summary, our city faces a critical challenge with traffic congestion that impacts productivity, quality of life, and our environment. Our proposed AI-driven smart traffic management system offers a cutting-edge solution that can reduce commute times by 30%, decrease emissions by 25%, and pay for itself within the first year. With our team's unique expertise and proven track record, we're confident in our ability to deliver this transformative project on time and within budget. |
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Next, reinforce the benefits of your solution. Paint a picture of the positive outcomes that will result from implementing your proposal. This helps the reader envision the future you're proposing:
Imagine a city where traffic flows smoothly, where emergency vehicles reach their destinations in record time, where air quality improves as emissions decrease, and where citizens gain back precious hours of their day. This is the future our proposal offers – not just a solution to a problem, but a pathway to a more efficient, sustainable, and livable city. |
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Finally, end with a clear and compelling call to action. Be specific about what you want the reader to do next. This could be scheduling a meeting, approving the proposal, or taking the next step in the decision-making process. Make it easy for them to say yes:
I invite you to take the next step towards transforming our city's traffic management. Let's schedule a meeting next week to discuss the proposal in detail and address any questions you may have. I'm available at your convenience and look forward to the opportunity to elaborate on how we can bring this vision to life. Together, we can pave the way for a smarter, more efficient future for our city. |
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By tying everything together and providing a clear next step, you're making it as easy as possible for the decision-maker to move forward with your proposal. But don’t get carried away; make sure you’re not just talking for the sake of it. Keep it concise and to the point—if it’s too long, the reader might not read it thoroughly. To avoid such situations, try using WPS AI’s 'Make Shorter' feature to condense your content a bit.
The final step in crafting your proposal is to close it professionally and ensure that you're easily reachable for any follow-up questions or discussions. This step, while often overlooked, is crucial in maintaining the professional tone of your proposal and facilitating further communication.
Start with a brief closing paragraph that expresses your enthusiasm for the project and your appreciation for the reader's time and consideration.
"Thank you for taking the time to review this proposal. I'm excited about the potential of this project to revolutionize our city's traffic management and improve the daily lives of our citizens. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss this further and answer any questions you may have." |
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Next, provide your full contact details. This should include:
Your full name and title Company name (if applicable) Phone number (preferably both office and mobile) Email address Physical address (if relevant) |
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You might also consider including your availability for follow-up discussions:
I'm available for a call or meeting at your convenience. My usual office hours are Monday to Friday, 9 AM to 5 PM, but I'm happy to accommodate your schedule for this important discussion. |
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If there are any supporting documents or appendices that accompany your proposal, mention them here and explain how to access them:
For more detailed information, please refer to the attached appendices, which include our full technical specifications, case studies from our previous projects, and letters of recommendation from city planners we've worked with. |
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Finally, end with a courteous and forward-looking statement:
Once again, thank you for your consideration. I'm looking forward to the possibility of working together to bring this innovative solution to our city. |
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By closing your proposal professionally and providing comprehensive contact information, you're ensuring that the lines of communication remain open. You're making it easy for the decision-maker to reach out, ask questions, and take the next steps toward bringing your proposal to life.
Before sending out your proposal, make sure to use the WPS AI spell check to ensure your proposal is error-free. You don’t want a perfectly structured proposal with a great idea to be communicated with any grammatical errors, as it leaves a bad impression.
Here are some examples of proposal formats to help illustrate how well-structured proposals can look:
1.Research Proposal
2.Project Proposal
3.Business Proposal
Your proposal should convey the message in the clearest way possible, avoiding unnecessary tangents and ensuring your message is simple yet persuasive. This approach helps prevent your proposal from coming across as immature or impulsive. WPS Office ensures your project proposal is well-written, allowing you to clearly state your objectives while leaving the rest to its robust features.
WPS Office can assist you with various proposal-related tasks, including:
Outline Your Proposal:
WPS Office helps you create a structured outline for your proposal, ensuring all key components are covered. This includes sections for the executive summary, project background, proposed solution, deliverables, required resources, and conclusion. A clear outline guides your writing, making sure you don't miss any important points and that your proposal flows logically.
Summarize Key Points:
WPS Office assists in summarizing the key points of your proposal effectively. With its AI capabilities, it can highlight the most important aspects of your project, ensuring that the summary is concise and compelling. This feature helps in capturing the essence of your proposal in a way that grabs the attention of stakeholders and makes them want to read more.
Grammar and Style Check:
To ensure your proposal is professional and polished, WPS Office offers comprehensive grammar and style checks. It corrects grammatical errors, suggests better word choices, and enhances the overall readability of your document. This ensures that your proposal is free of mistakes and written in a clear, professional tone.
Formatting Assistance:
Proper formatting is crucial for making your proposal look professional and easy to read. WPS Office provides formatting assistance, helping you with the layout, font styles, headings, bullet points, and other formatting elements. This ensures your proposal is visually appealing and organized in a way that highlights the most important information.
1. why are proposals important.
Proposals are crucial as they provide a clear presentation of an idea and outline your needs in writing, aiding supervisors in making informed decisions. They enable you to make a structured, logical argument, reflecting your commitment and careful consideration. A well-prepared proposal demonstrates that your idea is well thought out rather than a spontaneous suggestion. To maximize its impact, ensure that you thoroughly review and refine the proposal before submission.
A project proposal is a comprehensive document that outlines the details of a project. It explains the project's purpose, importance, implementation plan, and estimated costs. It also specifies the team involved and how success will be measured. This proposal is designed to convince stakeholders, including managers, investors, or potential partners, of the project's worth and to obtain the resources needed for its successful implementation.
The length of a proposal depends on how detailed the project is and what the recipient requires. It can be as short as a few pages for straightforward proposals or as long as numerous pages, such as 20, for more in-depth plans.
When writing a proposal, remember to be confident in what you present because your display of confidence is crucial in impacting your success in getting approval. Research thoroughly and gather all the necessary support to strengthen your proposal. As you build your confidence, don't forget to utilize WPS Office while figuring out how to write a proposal because there is no better tool to help you write your proposal better. Download WPS Office now and create a phenomenal proposal that will astound your audience.
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A title page is required for all APA Style papers. There are both student and professional versions of the title page. Students should use the student version of the title page unless their instructor or institution has requested they use the professional version. APA provides a student title page guide (PDF, 199KB) to assist students in creating their title pages.
The student title page includes the paper title, author names (the byline), author affiliation, course number and name for which the paper is being submitted, instructor name, assignment due date, and page number, as shown in this example.
Title page setup is covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Section 2.3 and the Concise Guide Section 1.6
Student papers do not include a running head unless requested by the instructor or institution.
Follow the guidelines described next to format each element of the student title page.
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Paper title | Place the title three to four lines down from the top of the title page. Center it and type it in bold font. Capitalize of the title. Place the main title and any subtitle on separate double-spaced lines if desired. There is no maximum length for titles; however, keep titles focused and include key terms. |
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Author names | Place one double-spaced blank line between the paper title and the author names. Center author names on their own line. If there are two authors, use the word “and” between authors; if there are three or more authors, place a comma between author names and use the word “and” before the final author name. | Cecily J. Sinclair and Adam Gonzaga |
Author affiliation | For a student paper, the affiliation is the institution where the student attends school. Include both the name of any department and the name of the college, university, or other institution, separated by a comma. Center the affiliation on the next double-spaced line after the author name(s). | Department of Psychology, University of Georgia |
Course number and name | Provide the course number as shown on instructional materials, followed by a colon and the course name. Center the course number and name on the next double-spaced line after the author affiliation. | PSY 201: Introduction to Psychology |
Instructor name | Provide the name of the instructor for the course using the format shown on instructional materials. Center the instructor name on the next double-spaced line after the course number and name. | Dr. Rowan J. Estes |
Assignment due date | Provide the due date for the assignment. Center the due date on the next double-spaced line after the instructor name. Use the date format commonly used in your country. | October 18, 2020 |
| Use the page number 1 on the title page. Use the automatic page-numbering function of your word processing program to insert page numbers in the top right corner of the page header. | 1 |
The professional title page includes the paper title, author names (the byline), author affiliation(s), author note, running head, and page number, as shown in the following example.
Follow the guidelines described next to format each element of the professional title page.
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Paper title | Place the title three to four lines down from the top of the title page. Center it and type it in bold font. Capitalize of the title. Place the main title and any subtitle on separate double-spaced lines if desired. There is no maximum length for titles; however, keep titles focused and include key terms. |
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Author names
| Place one double-spaced blank line between the paper title and the author names. Center author names on their own line. If there are two authors, use the word “and” between authors; if there are three or more authors, place a comma between author names and use the word “and” before the final author name. | Francesca Humboldt |
When different authors have different affiliations, use superscript numerals after author names to connect the names to the appropriate affiliation(s). If all authors have the same affiliation, superscript numerals are not used (see Section 2.3 of the for more on how to set up bylines and affiliations). | Tracy Reuter , Arielle Borovsky , and Casey Lew-Williams | |
Author affiliation
| For a professional paper, the affiliation is the institution at which the research was conducted. Include both the name of any department and the name of the college, university, or other institution, separated by a comma. Center the affiliation on the next double-spaced line after the author names; when there are multiple affiliations, center each affiliation on its own line.
| Department of Nursing, Morrigan University |
When different authors have different affiliations, use superscript numerals before affiliations to connect the affiliations to the appropriate author(s). Do not use superscript numerals if all authors share the same affiliations (see Section 2.3 of the for more). | Department of Psychology, Princeton University | |
Author note | Place the author note in the bottom half of the title page. Center and bold the label “Author Note.” Align the paragraphs of the author note to the left. For further information on the contents of the author note, see Section 2.7 of the . | n/a |
| The running head appears in all-capital letters in the page header of all pages, including the title page. Align the running head to the left margin. Do not use the label “Running head:” before the running head. | Prediction errors support children’s word learning |
| Use the page number 1 on the title page. Use the automatic page-numbering function of your word processing program to insert page numbers in the top right corner of the page header. | 1 |
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17 Research Proposal Examples. Written by Chris Drew (PhD) | January 12, 2024. A research proposal systematically and transparently outlines a proposed research project. The purpose of a research proposal is to demonstrate a project's viability and the researcher's preparedness to conduct an academic study.
Research proposal examples. Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We've included a few for you below. Example research proposal #1: "A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management".
Research Proposal Example/Sample. Detailed Walkthrough + Free Proposal Template. If you're getting started crafting your research proposal and are looking for a few examples of research proposals, you've come to the right place. In this video, we walk you through two successful (approved) research proposals, one for a Master's-level ...
Before conducting a study, a research proposal should be created that outlines researchers' plans and methodology and is submitted to the concerned evaluating organization or person. Creating a research proposal is an important step to ensure that researchers are on track and are moving forward as intended. A research proposal can be defined as a detailed plan or blueprint for the proposed ...
Research proposals, like all other kinds of academic writing, are written in a formal, objective tone. Keep in mind that being concise is a key component of academic writing; formal does not mean flowery. Adhere to the structure outlined above. Your reader knows how a research proposal is supposed to read and expects it to fit this template.
Research and Citation. Overview; Conducting Research; Using Research; APA Style (7th Edition) MLA Style; Chicago Style; IEEE Style ... Select the Sample Academic Proposals PDF in the Media box above to download this file and read examples of proposals for conferences, journals, and book chapters. Resources. Communication. OneCampus Portal ...
Here is an explanation of each step: 1. Title and Abstract. Choose a concise and descriptive title that reflects the essence of your research. Write an abstract summarizing your research question, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. It should provide a brief overview of your proposal. 2.
Make sure you can ask the critical what, who, and how questions of your research before you put pen to paper. Your research proposal should include (at least) 5 essential components : Title - provides the first taste of your research, in broad terms. Introduction - explains what you'll be researching in more detail.
Look for any research gaps, trends and patterns, common themes, debates, and contradictions. Consider any seminal studies on the topic area as it is likely anticipated that you will address these in your research proposal. 4. Research Design. This is where you get down to the real meat of your research proposal.
The purpose of the research proposal (its job, so to speak) is to convince your research supervisor, committee or university that your research is suitable (for the requirements of the degree program) and manageable (given the time and resource constraints you will face). The most important word here is "convince" - in other words, your ...
A quality example of a research proposal shows one's above-average analytical skills, including the ability to coherently synthesize ideas and integrate lateral and vertical thinking. Communication skills. The proposal also demonstrates your proficiency to communicate your thoughts in concise and precise language.
Your proposal title should be concise and clear to indicate your research question. Your readers should know what to expect in the paper after reading the title. Avoid writing titles in a general perspective or phrases like "An investigation of …" or "A review of …" etc. Make it concise and well-defined. 2.
1. Research Proposal Format Example. Following is a general outline of the material that should be included in your project proposal. I. Title Page II. Introduction and Literature Review (Chapters 2 and 3) A. Identification of specific problem area (e.g., what is it, why it is important). B. Prevalence, scope of problem.
Develop an Outline. Create a clear and logical structure: Divide your proposal into sections or headings that will guide your readers through the content. Introduction: Provide a concise overview of the problem, its significance, and the proposed solution. Background/Context: Offer relevant background information and context to help the readers ...
er, the proposal deadline is December 1. During the proposal stage, students should discuss their research interests with CM faculty members, identify a research topic, conduct preliminary literatu. e review and develop a project proposal. The proposal should discuss problem statement, objectives, research methodology, research activities.
Academic Research Proposal. This is the most common type of research proposal, which is prepared by students, scholars, or researchers to seek approval and funding for an academic research project. It includes all the essential components mentioned earlier, such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, and expected outcomes.
A well-structured research proposal includes a title page, abstract and table of contents, introduction, literature review, research design and methodology, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, timeline and budget. Visme's research proposal examples and templates offer a great starting point for creating engaging and well-structured ...
Show why you are the right person to do this research; Examples of research proposals. Research Proposal Example 1 (DOC, 49kB) Research Proposal Example 2 (DOC, 0.9MB) Research Proposal Example 3 (DOC, 55.5kB) Research Proposal Example 4 (DOC, 49.5kB) Subject specific guidance. Writing a Humanities PhD Proposal (PDF, 0.1MB) Writing a Creative ...
Research proposal examples. Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We've included a few for you below. Example research proposal #1: 'A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management'.
What are the parts of a research proposal? Every research proposal contains a few standard sections, and some include extra sections specific to the program. Below we list the components of most research proposals. Many schools, like the University of Houston, provide a research proposal example for students. Check with your university to see ...
Research proposals (and research papers and theses) should consist of arguments for what is proposed to be done and how it is proposed to be done. ... Sample Proposal Notes: 1. While all proposals have to cover the same basic things, there are variations in the headings used.
As with writing a regular academic paper, research proposals are generally organized the same way throughout most social science disciplines. Proposals vary between ten and twenty-five pages in length. However, before you begin, read the assignment carefully and, if anything seems unclear, ask your professor whether there are any specific ...
The first question asks for a ready-made solution, and is not focused or researchable. The second question is a clearer comparative question, but note that it may not be practically feasible. For a smaller research project or thesis, it could be narrowed down further to focus on the effectiveness of drunk driving laws in just one or two countries.
It will also give you less room to discuss the goals and aims of the research project. The length of the research proposal template is not long. You'll find most writing requirements demand a word count of 2500 to 3000 words. Depending on spacing requirements, this might be three to five pages of information.
Here are some examples of proposal formats to help illustrate how well-structured proposals can look: 1.Research Proposal. Research Proposal Example. 2.Project Proposal. Project Proposal Example. 3.Business Proposal. Business Proposal Example. Bonus Tips: How to Perfect your Proposal- using WPS AI
Example. Paper title. Place the title three to four lines down from the top of the title page. Center it and type it in bold font. Capitalize major words of the title. Place the main title and any subtitle on separate double-spaced lines if desired. There is no maximum length for titles; however, keep titles focused and include key terms.
The proposals also call for eliminating job protections for thousands of government employees, who could then be replaced by political appointees. The document labels the FBI a "bloated, arrogant ...