project research 12

Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos (SBA)

Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos for: term 1, Term 2, Term 3 and Term 4

Assessment is a continuous planned process of identifying, gathering and interpreting information about the performance of learners, using various forms of assessment. It involves four steps: generating and collecting evidence of achievement; evaluating this evidence; recording the findings and using this information to understand and assist with the learners’ development to improve the process of learning and teaching. Assessment should be both informal (assessment for learning) and formal (assessment of learning). In both cases regular feedback should be provided to learners to enhance the learning experience.

School-based assessment (SBA) is a purposive collection of learners’ work that tells the story of learners’ efforts, progress or achievement in given areas. The quality of SBA tasks is integral to learners’ preparation for the final examinations.

This booklet serves as a resource of four exemplar SBA tasks to schools and subject teachers of Geography. SBA marks are formally recorded by the teacher for progression and certification purposes. The SBA component is compulsory for all learners. Learners who cannot comply with the requirements specified according to the policy may not be eligible to enter for the subject in the final examination.

The formal assessment tasks provide the teacher with a systematic way of evaluating how well learners are progressing. This publication includes tests, a project and a case study. Formal assessment tasks form part of a year-long formal programme of assessment. These tasks should not be taken lightly and learners should be encouraged to submit their best possible efforts for final assessment.

The teachers are expected to ensure that assessment tasks are relevant to and suitable for the learners being taught. Teachers should adapt the tasks to suit learners’ level of understanding and should be context-bound; however, they should also take cognisance of the requirements as set out in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement ( CAPS ) document.

What Skills are Assessed for Research Tasks in Grade 12

The following skills are assessed. Some/All of these skills may be tested in any external examination:

Gathering data
Interpreting data
Analysing data
Comparing different sets of data
Representing data in written, graphic or mapped format
Problem-solving
Drawing conclusions
Hypothesis statements

Research framework for assessment (Guideline on administration of research task)

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement.

Guideline: geography grade 12 research tasks.

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement. As Geographers we seek to understand and explain the interactions amongst humans, and between humans and the environment in space and time. This is achieved by asking questions or making informed geographical decisions. This entails the development of a hypothesis or a problem statement to be tested.

You have to choose a specific area of study where a geographical problem exists.
During this stage, a geographical question showing a problem is asked.
Identify the problem from a local area.
Formulate a hypothesis or a problem statement. (Hypothesis research is used to prove that certain variables are dependent on or independent of each other. Problem statement research is only to highlight that a specific problem exists in a specific community.)
You should then follow the steps of research to ensure that the geographical question is answered.

Geography Research Project Topics for Grade 12 South Africa

The value of property along north-facing slopes is higher than the value of property along south-facing slopes in Meyersdal, Gauteng (choose local area).
The cause of rural-urban migration in Ndwedwe, KwaZulu-Natal (choose local area), is the lack of service delivery in the health sector.
Climate change will impact negatively on grape farming and related industries in the Western Cape.
The closing down of many primary schools in Lusikisiki (Eastern Cape) (choose a local area) is due to a decline of the population in the age group 7 to 15 years.
The poor condition of roads (specify the names of the roads) leading to/in Harrismith, Free State (choose local area), is due to the lack of proper planning by the local municipality.
The impact of building a dam along the Jukskei River in Gauteng (choose local area) upstream of Alexandra will reduce flooding and the subsequent loss of life in Alexandra.
The e-toll system will impact negatively on the economic position of people using private transport in Gauteng.
The e-toll system will impact positively on traffic flow to the major urban centres in Gauteng.
Informal settlements in the Vhembe district of Limpopo have low levels of development due to the lack of provision of basic needs (choose ONE informal settlement in your local area.)
Overcrowding of informal settlements is due to the lack of proper planning by the local government (choose local area).

Step 2: Background information about an area of study

You must explain where in South Africa the study area is located. (This can be indicated on the map.)
Describe the study area in terms of its exact position (degrees, minutes and seconds).
Provide relevant information about the area, for example population of the area or climate of the area.

Step 3: Mapping

You must provide a map of the area in question.
During this stage you must create a buffer zone around the area where the geographical problem exists.
The map should have a clear legend/key and must be drawn to scale. The scale must be indicated on the map.
If the map used covers a wider area, buffer zones around the area of study should be created.
The map used should be the most recent map of the study area

Step 4: Methods of data collection

(a) PRIMARY DATA SOURCES

The use of questionnaires
Observations
Field trips

(b) SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

Newspaper articles
Government department statistics

Step 5: Analysis and synthesis of data

• Learners must use collected data now to formulate a discussion around the existing geographical problem. • At this stage learners should represent some of the information graphically where necessary, for example graphs and sketches. • Learners must analyse graphic information during this stage.

Step 6: Recommendations and possible solutions

• Learners should now make recommendations to solve the geographical problem in question. • Learners should present their original and realistic opinions as far as they possibly can.

Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis

Learners should now take a decision to either ACCEPT or REJECT the hypothesis.
Learners must give reasons for either ACCEPTING or REJECTING the hypothesis

Step 8: Bibliography

Learners must include a comprehensive bibliography.
Learners must list websites in full.
Learners must include annexures of questionnaires and interviews conducted

More Geography Grade 12 Resources

Geography 2020 Past Papers
Geography 2019 Past Papers
Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers and Memos for 2019 September and November
Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos

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How to Calculate Magnetic Declination in Geography

One way in which Global Warming Aggravates the Effect of Radiation

Tropical Cyclone Freddy – Geography Grade 12 Research Task

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The Essential Guide to Doing Your Research Project

Student resources.

Examples of Student Research Projects

110+ Best Science Investigatory Project Topics: Dive into Science

Post author By admin
September 29, 2023

Explore a wide range of science investigatory project topics to engage in innovative research and make significant contributions to the field.

Get ready to dive headfirst into the thrilling world of Science Investigatory Project (SIP) topics! Imagine a journey where you become a scientist, an explorer of the unknown, and a solver of real-world puzzles.

This is what SIP offers – a chance to channel your inner curiosity and creativity into the fascinating realm of science.

From unlocking the secrets of life in biology to experimenting with the wonders of chemistry, from unraveling the mysteries of the universe in physics to addressing vital environmental issues – SIP topics are your keys to a world of exploration.

In this adventure, we’ll guide you through an array of captivating SIP ideas. These topics aren’t just assignments; they’re opportunities to uncover new knowledge, make a difference, and have a blast along the way.

So, gear up for an exciting journey, as we unveil the science topics that could spark your imagination and fuel your passion for discovery. Let’s begin!

Table of Contents

What is a Science Investigatory Project?

Imagine stepping into the shoes of a scientist – asking questions, running experiments, and discovering the secrets of the world around you. That’s exactly what a Science Investigatory Project, or SIP, is all about.

At its core, a SIP is a thrilling journey of scientific exploration. It’s a project that challenges you to pick a problem, make educated guesses (that’s your hypothesis), roll up your sleeves for experiments, collect data, and connect the dots to find answers.

Here’s how it works

Step 1: the mystery.

You start with a question – something that piques your curiosity. It could be anything from “Why do plants grow towards the light?” to “What makes the sky blue?” Your SIP is your ticket to unravel these mysteries.

Step 2: The Guess

Next comes your hypothesis – a fancy word for your best guess at the answer. It’s like saying, “I think this is what’s happening, and here’s why.”

Step 3: The Detective Work

Now, it’s time for the fun part – experimenting! You set up tests, tweak variables, and observe closely. Whether you’re mixing chemicals, observing insects, or measuring temperature, you’re the scientist in charge.

Step 4: Clues and Evidence

As you experiment, you collect clues in the form of data – numbers, measurements, observations. It’s like gathering puzzle pieces.

Step 5: The “Aha!” Moment

When you analyze your data, patterns start to emerge. You connect those puzzle pieces until you have a clear picture. Does your data support your guess (hypothesis), or do you need to rethink things?

Step 6: Sharing Your Discovery

Scientists don’t keep their findings to themselves. They share them with the world. Your SIP report or presentation is your chance to do just that. You explain what you did, what you found, and why it matters.

So, why do SIPs matter? They’re not just school projects. They’re your chance to think like a scientist, ask questions like a detective, and discover like an explorer. They’re where you become the expert, the innovator, the problem-solver.

From the mysteries of biology to the wonders of chemistry and the enigmas of physics, SIPs open doors to countless adventures in science. So, what question will you ask? What mystery will you solve? Your SIP journey awaits – embrace it, and you might just uncover something amazing.

Choosing the Right SIP Topic

Choosing the right Science Investigatory Project (SIP) topic is like selecting a path for your scientific adventure. It’s a critical decision, and here’s how to make it count:

Follow Your Passion

Your SIP topic should resonate with your interests. Pick something you’re genuinely curious about. When you’re passionate, the research becomes a thrilling quest, not a chore.

Real-World Relevance

Consider how your topic connects to the real world. Can your research shed light on a problem or offer solutions? SIPs are a chance to make a tangible impact.

Feasibility

Be realistic about the resources at your disposal. Choose a topic that you can explore within your time frame and access to equipment. Avoid overly ambitious projects that might overwhelm you.

Originality Matters

While it’s okay to explore well-trodden paths, strive for a unique angle. What can you add to the existing knowledge? Innovative ideas often lead to exciting discoveries.

Mentor Guidance

If you’re feeling uncertain, don’t hesitate to seek guidance from teachers or mentors. They can help you refine your ideas and offer valuable insights.

Remember, your SIP topic is the compass for your scientific journey. It should excite your curiosity, have real-world significance, and be feasible within your means. So, choose wisely, and let your scientific adventure begin!

Environmental Science

Analyzing the Effects of Urban Green Spaces on Air Quality
Investigating the Impact of Microplastics on Marine Life
Studying the Relationship Between Temperature and Ocean Acidification
Exploring the Effects of Deforestation on Local Ecosystems
Investigating the Factors Contributing to Soil Erosion in a Watershed
Analyzing the Impact of Noise Pollution on Wildlife Behavior
Studying the Relationship Between Temperature and Ice Melt Rates
Investigating the Effect of Urbanization on Local Bird Populations
Exploring the Impact of Air Pollution on Human Health in Urban Areas
Analyzing the Biodiversity of Insects in Urban vs. Rural Environments

Social Sciences

Analyzing the Impact of Social Media Use on Teenagers’ Mental Health
Investigating the Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior
Studying the Effects of Different Teaching Methods on Student Engagement
Analyzing the Impact of Parenting Styles on Children’s Academic Performance
Investigating the Relationship Between Music Preferences and Stress Levels
Exploring the Factors Contributing to Workplace Stress and Burnout
Studying the Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Access to Healthcare
Analyzing the Factors Influencing Voting Behavior in Local Elections
Investigating the Impact of Advertising on Consumer Purchasing Decisions
Exploring the Effects of Cultural Diversity on Team Performance in the Workplace

These SIP topics offer a wide range of research opportunities for students in biology, chemistry, physics, and environmental science. Students can choose topics that align with their interests and contribute to their understanding of the natural world.

Conducting Your SIP

So, you’ve picked an exciting Science Investigatory Project (SIP) topic and you’re all set to dive into the world of scientific exploration. But how do you go from a brilliant idea to conducting your own experiments? Let’s break it down into easy steps:

Step 1: Dive into Research

Before you start mixing chemicals or setting up experiments, it’s time for some detective work. Dive into research! What’s already out there about your topic? Books, articles, websites – explore them all. This background study gives you the superpower of knowledge before you even start.

Step 2: Hypothesize Away!

With all that newfound wisdom, formulate a hypothesis. Don your scientist’s hat and make an educated guess about what you think will happen during your experiments. It’s like making a bet with science itself!

Step 3: Time for Action

Now comes the fun part. Design your experiments. What materials do you need? What steps should you follow? Imagine you’re a mad scientist with a plan! Then, go ahead and conduct your experiments. Be precise, follow your plan, and observe like Sherlock.

Step 4: Collect That Data

During your experiments, be a data ninja. Record everything. Measurements, observations, weird surprises – they’re all clues! The more detailed your notes, the better.

Step 5: Decode Your Findings

Time to put on your detective’s hat again. What do your data and observations tell you? Look for patterns, anomalies, and secrets your experiments are revealing. This is where the real magic happens.

Step 6: The Big Reveal

Now, reveal the grand finale – your conclusions! Did your experiments support your hypothesis, or did they throw you a curveball? Discuss what your findings mean and why they matter. It’s like solving the mystery in a thrilling novel.

Step 7: Your SIP Report

Finally, put it all together in your SIP report. Think of it as your scientific storybook. Share your journey with the world. Start with the introduction, add in your methodology, sprinkle your results and discussions, and wrap it up with a conclusion that leaves your readers in awe.

Remember, this isn’t just about science; it’s about your adventure in discovering the unknown. Have fun, be curious, and let your inner scientist shine!

What is a good topic for an investigatory project?

A good topic for an investigatory project depends on your interests and the resources available to you. Here are some broad categories and potential topics to consider:

The Impact of Different Fertilizers on Plant Growth
Investigating the Effect of Air Pollution on Local Plant Life
Analyzing the Quality of Drinking Water from Various Sources
Studying the Growth of Microorganisms in Different Water Types
Creating Biodegradable Plastics from Natural Materials
Investigating the Chemical Composition of Household Cleaning Products
Analyzing the Effects of Different Cooking Oils on Food Nutrition
Testing the pH Levels of Various Household Substances
Studying the Behavior of Ants in Response to Different Food Types
Investigating the Impact of Light Exposure on Seed Germination
Analyzing the Effects of Different Music Types on Plant Growth
Designing and Testing a Simple Wind Turbine
Investigating the Relationship Between Temperature and Electrical Conductivity in Materials
Studying the Behavior of Different Types of Pendulums
Analyzing the Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Solar Panels
Analyzing the Impact of Social Media Use on Teenagers’ Sleep Patterns
Investigating the Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior in Online Shopping
Studying the Effects of Different Teaching Methods on Student Learning
Analyzing the Relationship Between Music Preferences and Mood

Computer Science and Technology

Developing a Smartphone App for Personal Productivity
Investigating the Factors Affecting Wi-Fi Signal Strength in Different Locations
Analyzing the Impact of Screen Time on Productivity and Well-being
Studying the Efficiency of Different Coding Languages in Software Development

When choosing a topic, consider your interests, available resources, and the potential impact of your project. It’s essential to select a topic that excites you and allows you to conduct meaningful research.

Additionally, check with your school or instructor for any specific guidelines or requirements for your investigatory project.

What should I do in a science investigatory project?

So, you’re all set to embark on a thrilling adventure known as a Science Investigatory Project (SIP). But where do you start, and what should you be doing? Here’s your guide to diving headfirst into the world of scientific exploration:

Choose a Topic That Sparks Your Interest

Begin by picking a topic that genuinely excites you. It should be something you’re curious about, like “Why do plants grow towards the light?” or “How does pollution affect local water quality?”

Unleash Your Inner Detective with Background Research

Dive into the world of books, articles, and online resources. Learn everything you can about your chosen topic. It’s like gathering clues to solve a mystery.

Craft Your Hypothesis – Your Educated Guess

Formulate a hypothesis. Think of it as your scientific prediction. What do you think will happen when you investigate your question? Make an educated guess and write it down.

Plan Your Scientific Experiments

Now, let’s get hands-on! Plan your experiments. What materials will you need? What steps will you follow? Imagine you’re a mad scientist with a plan to uncover the secrets of the universe!

Collect Data – Be a Data Ninja

During your experiments, be a data ninja! Record everything meticulously. Measurements, observations, quirky surprises – they’re all part of your data treasure trove.

Decode Your Findings – Be a Scientific Sleuth

Time to decode the clues! Analyze your data like a scientific sleuth. Look for patterns, unexpected twists, and, most importantly, what your experiments are trying to tell you.

Share Your Scientific Tale: The SIP Report

It’s time to tell your scientific tale. Create your SIP report – your storybook of science. Start with the introduction, add in your experiments, sprinkle with results, and wrap it up with a conclusion that leaves your readers in awe.

Share Your Discoveries with the World

If you can, share your SIP findings. Present your work to your classmates, at science fairs, or anywhere you can. Share your excitement about science with the world!

Remember, SIP isn’t just about following steps; it’s about your adventure in discovering the mysteries of the universe. So, stay curious, have fun, and let your inner scientist shine!

What are the best topics for investigatory project chemistry class 12?

Hey there, future chemists! It’s time to explore the fascinating world of Chemistry with some class 12 investigatory project ideas that will not only challenge your scientific skills but also pique your curiosity:

Water Wizardry

Dive into the world of H2O and analyze water samples from different sources – tap water, well water, and that bottled stuff. Let’s uncover the secrets of your hydration!

Biodiesel Bonanza

Ever wondered if you could turn cooking oil into fuel? Investigate the synthesis of biodiesel from everyday vegetable oils, and let’s see if we can power the future with French fries!

Vitamin C Showdown

Put on your lab coat and determine the vitamin C content in various fruit juices. Is your morning OJ really packed with vitamin C? Let’s find out!

Race Against Time – The Iodine Clock

Get ready to race time itself! Study the kinetics of the iodine clock reaction and see how factors like concentration and temperature affect this chemistry marvel.

Shampoo Chemistry

Let’s turn your shower into a science lab! Test the pH levels of different shampoos – are they gentle or are they acidic? Your hair deserves the best!

Heavy Metal Detectives

Investigate soils for heavy metals. Are there hidden dangers lurking beneath our feet? Let’s discover the truth and protect the environment.

Metal Makeover

Ever dreamed of turning ordinary objects into shimmering treasures? Electroplate items like coins or jewelry with various metals and unveil their magical transformations!

The Dye Chronicles

Explore the vibrant world of food dyes used in your favorite treats. What’s really behind those bright colors? Let’s uncover the secrets of our rainbow foods!

Solubility Sleuths

Unravel the mysteries of solubility! How does temperature impact the solubility of common salts? Let’s dissolve some science questions.

Perfume Alchemy

Dive into the world of fragrances! Analyze the chemical components in different perfumes and discover the magic behind your favorite scents.

Remember, the best project is one that not only challenges you but also stirs your scientific curiosity. Choose a topic that excites you, and let your chemistry adventure begin!

What are good science experiment ideas?

Light Dance with Plants: Imagine plants swaying to the rhythm of light! Explore how different types of light affect plant growth – from disco-like colorful LEDs to the soothing glow of natural sunlight.
Kitchen Warriors: Don your lab coat and investigate everyday kitchen items like garlic, honey, and vinegar as germ-fighting superheroes. Who knew your kitchen could be a battleground for bacteria?
Animal Extravaganza: Dive into the world of critters! Observe and report on the curious behaviors of your chosen animal buddies. It’s like being a wildlife detective in your own backyard.
Fizz, Pop, and Bang: Get ready for some explosive fun! Experiment with classic chemical reactions that sizzle and explode, like the volcanic eruption of baking soda and vinegar.
Titration Showdown: Become a master of precision with acid-base titration. Unlock the secrets of unknown solutions, like a chemistry detective solving mysteries.
Crystal Kingdom: Step into the magical world of crystals. Grow your own dazzling crystals and reveal how factors like temperature and concentration influence their growth.
Swingin’ Pendulums: Swing into action with pendulums! Investigate how factors like pendulum length and mass affect the way they sway. It’s like dancing with physics.
Machine Marvels: Enter the world of simple machines. Uncover the mechanical magic behind levers, pulleys, and inclined planes as you lift heavy objects with ease.
Electromagnet Madness: Get electrified! Build your own electromagnet and experiment with coils and currents to see how they shape magnetic fields.
Water Adventure: Dive into water quality testing. Collect samples from different sources and become a water detective, searching for clues about pollution and health.
Air Expedition: Take to the skies with your own air quality station. Discover what’s floating in the air around you, from tiny particles to invisible gases.
Climate Crusaders: Join the battle against climate change. Investigate how shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns impact your local ecosystem.

Earth Science

Rock Detectives: Grab your magnifying glass and investigate rocks and fossils in your area. It’s like traveling through time to uncover Earth’s ancient secrets.
Weather Watchers: Become a meteorologist with your own weather station. Predict the weather and marvel at how the atmosphere behaves around you.
Volcano Eruption Spectacle: Get ready for volcanic eruptions without the lava! Create a stunning volcano model and watch it come to life with your own eruptions.
Starry Nights: Explore the cosmos with a telescope and discover celestial wonders, from the rings of Saturn to the galaxies far, far away.
Moon Phases Odyssey: Join the lunar calendar club! Track the Moon’s different faces over weeks and become an expert on lunar phases.
Solar Eclipse Spectacle: Witness the sky’s ultimate blockbuster – a solar eclipse! Safely observe this cosmic dance with eclipse glasses and telescopes.

These science experiments are not just about learning; they’re about unleashing your inner scientist and having a blast along the way! So, pick your favorite, put on your lab coat, and let the science adventures begin!

In wrapping up our exploration of Science Investigatory Project (SIP) topics, it’s clear that we’ve uncovered a treasure trove of possibilities. These topics are more than just words on a page; they’re gateways to adventure, inquiry, and understanding.

We’ve ventured into diverse realms of science, from the secrets of plant life to the hidden chemistry of everyday items. We’ve danced with the laws of physics, delved into environmental enigmas, and probed the complexities of human behavior. These topics aren’t just ideas; they’re invitations to explore the wonders of our world.

So, as you consider your own SIP journey, let your curiosity be your compass. Pick a topic that truly intrigues you, one that keeps you awake at night with questions. Embrace the process – the experiments, the surprises, and the “Aha!” moments.

Remember, it’s not just about reaching a conclusion; it’s about the exhilarating path you take to get there. SIPs are your chance to be a scientist, an explorer, and a storyteller all at once. So, go ahead, choose your topic, embark on your adventure, and share your discoveries with the world. Science is waiting for your curiosity to light the way!

Frequently Asked Questions

1. how long does it typically take to complete a science investigatory project, the duration of an sip varies, but it generally spans a few months to a year, depending on the complexity of the topic and available resources., 2. can i work on an sip alone, or is it better to collaborate with classmates, you can choose to work on an sip individually or in a group. both approaches have their advantages, so it depends on your preference and the project’s requirements., 3. are there any age restrictions for participating in sips, sips are typically undertaken by students in middle school and high school, but there are no strict age restrictions. anyone with a passion for scientific inquiry can engage in an sip., 4. how can i find a mentor or advisor for my sip, you can seek guidance from science teachers, professors, or professionals in your chosen field. they can provide valuable insights and support throughout your sip journey., 5. where can i showcase my sip findings, you can present your sip findings at science fairs, school exhibitions, or even submit them to relevant scientific journals or conferences for broader recognition..

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Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 Topics 2024-25

Table of Contents

The Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 plays a crucial role in deepening a student’s understanding of the subject. Explore a list of popular topics for your Physics Investigatory Project Class 12. The Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 has been released by CBSE. For students in Class 12 Science, Physics is often seen as one of the toughest and most challenging subjects because it includes a wide variety of concepts. The Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 is an essential part of the curriculum that helps students deepen their understanding of the subject.

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If you’re in Class 12, whether under CBSE or another board, and you’re searching for Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 topics , you’ve come to the right place. This blog provides a list of common Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 topics that students can explore as part of their school coursework

Also Read: Social Issues Project Class 10

Physics Investigatory Project for Class 12

Completing the Physics Investigatory Project for Class 12 involves planning and conducting experiments, carefully analyzing the results, and presenting the findings in a comprehensive report or a well-organized presentation. Below are some popular Class 12 Physics investigatory project topics that students can explore.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Hydropower Project

Objective: The objective of this hydropower project is to understand the power of water through practical observation.

Theory: Hydropower plants are constructed at the base of dams to utilize the higher water pressure found there. Excess water is directed into the dam through a pipe called a penstock, which then directs the water onto turbine blades. The pressure from the water drives the turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity.

Requirements: For this Physics Investigatory Project Class 12, you will need a half-gallon paper milk carton, a gallon of water, an awl or 10p nail, masking tape, a ruler, a magic marker, scissors, a notepad, and a pencil.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Use and Impact of Recycled Materials in Thermal Insulation

Objective: This project aims to determine which recycled material serves as the most effective thermal insulator by experimenting with materials like fiberglass, pine shavings, polyurethane, polystyrene, perlite, cellulose, polyethylene foil, and bubble wrap.

Theory: This Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 could be useful in reducing heating costs during winter by identifying the best insulating material. Among the materials tested, fiberglass tends to retain heat the longest, making it the most efficient insulator.

Requirements: You will need particle board, a light bulb, a digital thermometer, and cardboard boxes for this experiment.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Heat Transfer in an Incandescent Lamp

Objective: The objective of this project is to determine how much electrical energy in an incandescent lamp is lost due to thermionic emission from the filament. If the losses are significant, it suggests that replacing incandescent lamps could improve energy efficiency.

Theory: Using details like electricity usage, filament temperature, and ambient temperature, you can split the power output into parts due to thermionic emission and thermal radiation. Conduction depends on filament temperature (Fourier’s Law), while radiation is proportional to the fourth power of filament temperature (Stefan-Boltzmann Law).

Requirements: For this Physics Investigatory Project Class 12, you will need a 25-watt evacuated light bulb, a programmable power source, two high-precision digital meters, and a digital thermometer.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Colors with Long and Short Wavelengths

Objective: This project aims to measure the external and internal temperatures of buildings, as well as the insulation rates, when they are painted in different solid and mixed colors.

Theory: The analysis revealed that internal temperatures correlated with the wavelength of colors. Generally, combination color houses had lower insulation efficiency compared to houses painted in solid colors. Among the colors, blue was the most effective insulator.

Requirements: For this Physics Investigatory Project Class 12, oil paints, a white control house, digital and infrared thermometers are needed.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Observations of Gas in the Infrared Spectrum

Objective: The goal of this project is to study the impact of a gas’s chemical properties on its ability to absorb and transmit infrared radiation, with the main focus on hiding a transmissive gas heating element.

Theory: The results show that the molecular structure of gas determines its ability to transmit infrared radiation. Certain gases have strong absorption zones, leading to limited transmittance in the infrared spectrum.

Requirements: You will need PVC pipe, a spectroradiometer, an 8-12 micron infrared camera with digital imaging, a blackbody, and various gases.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Doppler Effect

Objective: This project investigates the changes in sound waves by creating a visual model of how sound waves behave as a vehicle passes by.

Theory: The Doppler effect occurs because each subsequent wave crest is generated from a position closer to the observer than the previous crest as the source moves towards the observer. This project visually demonstrates how sound waves change, making the sound appear different when a car approaches and then passes.

Requirements: For this Physics Investigatory Project Class 12, you will need a ruler, scissors, tape, a toy car, two pieces of colored construction paper, plain paper, and a marker or camera.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Insulation Value Experiment

Objective: The aim of this project is to compare the insulation value of straw with more commonly used insulation materials like fiberglass and rigid foam panels.

Theory: Proper insulation is key to energy-efficient building design. Insulation helps retain heat during cold weather and keeps the heat out during hot weather. Various materials, including straw, fiberglass, and rigid foam, can be used to insulate walls, floors, and pipelines to prevent heat transfer.

Requirements: The materials required for this Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 include speakers, insulation materials, and a digital thermometer.

How to Approach Your Physics Investigatory Project Class 12

Selection of Topic : Choose a topic that interests you and aligns with the curriculum. Make sure it’s feasible with the resources available.
Research : Conduct thorough research using textbooks, scientific journals, and online resources to understand the theory behind your project.
Planning : Outline your project, detailing the objectives, materials needed, and methodology. Plan your time efficiently to ensure all phases of the project are completed.
Experimentation : Conduct experiments methodically, record observations accurately, and repeat tests to ensure reliability.
Analysis : Analyze the data collected, compare it with theoretical expectations, and draw conclusions. Use graphs and charts to present your findings clearly.
Presentation : Prepare a detailed report with an introduction, methodology, results, analysis, and conclusion. Include diagrams, photos, and references. Be ready to present and explain your project to others.

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 PDF

When preparing your Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 PDF under the Bihar School Examination Board or any other educational board, it’s important to follow a structured format. Typically, a class 12 physics investigatory project has the following sections:

Project title
School’s name and address
Academic year

Acknowledgements

Express gratitude to those who assisted you in completing the project.
List of sections and sub-sections with corresponding page numbers.
A concise summary of the project, including the goal, method, and results.

Introduction

Provide background information on the topic.
Clearly outline the objective of the physics investigatory project class 12.
Explain the scientific principles and theories related to your project.
List the materials used.
Describe the procedures followed during the experiment.

Observations and Results

Present the collected data and results clearly, using charts and tables where needed.
Analyze the results of your class 12 physics investigatory project.
Discuss whether the experiment met its objectives and what was learned.
Summarize the findings, linking them back to the project’s objectives.
Mention any challenges faced and suggest areas for future investigation.

Bibliography/References

Include a list of all the books, articles, and resources you referred to during your project.
Attach any additional material, such as raw data, detailed calculations, or extra visuals.

To create a detailed and customized Physics Investigatory Project Class 12, choose a specific topic or phenomenon to investigate. For instance, you could explore topics like ‘How the length of a simple pendulum affects its period’ or ‘Comparing the energy efficiency of different light bulbs.’

Class 12 Physics Project Topics 2024-25


	Hydro Power
	Salt Water vs Tap water
	Hooke’s Law
	Proving Universal Gravitation by Warping Space-Time
	Newton’s Third Law of Motion
	Measuring the Speed of Light
	Rectifier
	Photoelectric Effects
	Heat Transfer in an Incandescent Lamp
	Use and Impact of Recycled Materials for Thermal Insulation
	Insulation Value

	Chemiluminescence
	Automatic Electric Train Barrier
	AC Generator
	To study the idea of a full-wave bridge rectifier and the idea of a coil’s self-inductance
	Color vs. Heat Absorption
	To research the impact of applied voltage and magnetic field
	Newton’s Cradle
	To Calculate the Sound Speed at Room Temperature
	Electric Motor
	Changing the Speed of Light:
	Effect of Sugar Density on the Refractive Index of Water
	Internal Reflection Phenomenon
	Effect of Mass on Terminal Velocity

Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 – Latest Topics for 2024-25

Looking for fresh ideas for your Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 ? Here are some of the latest class 12 physics investigatory project topics that you can explore:

Solar Cooker Project : Understand and demonstrate how solar energy can be converted into heat energy for cooking. This Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 will help you explore renewable energy concepts.
Electromagnetic Crane : Showcase the use of electromagnetism to lift objects. This project is one of the interesting physics investigatory project class 12 topics that demonstrates practical applications of electromagnetism.
Wireless Electricity Transmission : Investigate the possibility of transmitting electricity without wires. This class 12 physics investigatory project topic allows you to delve into the future of power transmission.
Study of Acoustic Materials : Analyze how different materials absorb sound. This is a practical Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 where you can explore the properties of materials used in soundproofing.
Pendulum Wave Demonstration : Create a wave pattern using pendulums of various lengths. This project is one of the simpler yet fascinating class 12 physics investigatory project topics that visually demonstrates wave mechanics.

These physics investigatory project class 12 topics offer a great way to understand and apply fundamental physics concepts. Choose a topic that interests you and dive deep into your Physics Investigatory Project Class 12 .

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are some popular topics for a physics investigatory project in class 12.

Some popular topics include Solar Cooker Project, Electromagnetic Crane, Wireless Electricity Transmission, Study of Acoustic Materials, and Pendulum Wave Demonstration

What is the typical structure of a Physics Investigatory Project report?

A typical report includes a Title Page, Acknowledgements, Table of Contents, Abstract, Introduction, Theory, Experiment, Observations and Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Bibliography/References, and Appendices.

How can students choose an appropriate topic for their Physics Investigatory Project?

Students should choose a topic that aligns with their curriculum, interests, and the available resources. It could range from classical mechanics to modern physics concepts.

What are some key steps in creating a successful Physics Investigatory Project?

Key steps include selecting a relevant topic, formulating objectives and hypothesis, conducting extensive research, performing experiments methodically, recording observations, analyzing results, and presenting findings effectively.

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Please select class.

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Top 12 Engineering Research Grants: Oregon State Secures Millions for Cutting-Edge Projects

A graduate student in personal protective equipment removing a sample from equipment in a cleanroom.

Competitive grant funding from federal and state agencies and private organizations supports a variety of research projects tackling some of the greatest technological challenges of our time. Here are the 12 largest grants awarded to the College of Engineering over the past 12 months.

Additive manufacturing of graded and tailored alloys $8.8 million U.S. Air Force PI: Richard Wirz The goal of this project is developing additive manufacturing of graded and tailored alloys to help meet the needs of a wide range of challenging applications for energy, aerospace, and manufacturing.
NSRS modernization and workforce development $6.5 million National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PI: Christopher Parrish The primary objectives of this project are to modernize geodetic tools for the National Spatial Reference System, create new operating procedures for working with the NSRS, and develop a geodetic workforce for the future.
Community benefits from offshore wind development $2.5 million Department of Energy PI: Hilary S. Boudet This Oregon State-led, multi-university collaboration seeks to collect, analyze, and disseminate community perspectives on the benefits of offshore wind development. Funding is coordinated through the Pacific Marine Energy Center, housed in the College of Engineering.
Developing better computational methods to predict RNA structures $2.5 million National Science Foundation PI: Liang Huang This project aims to develop efficient algorithms, using computational linguistics and Deep Learning, to predict the structures of homologous RNA sequences, such as SARS-CoV-2 variants. Accurate modeling of these structures is critical for designing vaccines, test kits, and drugs. (See page 24 for more information).
Consortium for Nuclear Forensics $2.5 million National Nuclear Security Administration PI: Camille Palmer Camille Palmer, associate professor of nuclear engineering, has been selected as deputy director of a $25 million, 16-university consortium tasked with educating the next generation of nuclear forensic scientists while researching new technology for nuclear security and nonproliferation.
The epithelial matrisome and drug transport kinetics $1.75 million National Institutes of Health PI: Kaitlin Fogg The goal of this research is understanding how epithelial barriers, such as skin, lung, and oral surfaces, change with age, inflammation, and hormonal signaling. Understanding the underlying biological processes and mechanisms will help develop tools for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Expanded PRISM capabilities to support federal crop insurance program $1.75 million USDA Risk Management Agency PI: Christopher Daly This grant expands PRISM’s high-resolution spatial weather maps and data to cover Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. These tools will allow the USDA to determine risk more accurately, improve underwriting capability, substantiate weather events, and better assess the validity of claims.
Well-rounded computer science education $1.3 million Oregon Dept of Education PI: Jill Hubbard This project will expand capacity for computer science education across Oregon through research-based, inquiry-focused curriculum and professional development. The goal is to meet the Oregon Department of Education's Computer Science State Plan goals for every student statewide.
ATR I-loop primary circulation pump testing $1.1 million Idaho National Laboratory PI: Guillaume Mignot This research supports ongoing work at the Advanced Test Reactor at Idaho National Laboratory. The “I-Loop” comprises the ATR’s outer ring of facility positions, into which pressure boundaries can be inserted to allow for radiation exposure while remaining separate of the core’s operating environment.
New method of synthesizing actinide ceramics $1 million Department of Energy PI: Alexander “Sasha” Chemey Generation IV reactor designers have identified uranium mononitride and uranium monocarbide alongside other actinide nitrides as promising non-oxide ceramic reactor fuels. This project proposes a new method of synthesis that could greatly reduce the cost of these advanced fuels.
Multiscale fire assessments for mass timber buildings $1 million USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture PI: Erica Fischer This multidisciplinary project aims to develop new research methods for testing mass timber in fire, with the aim of informing engineering solutions for designing fire-safe mass timber buildings with firefighter safety in mind.
Advancing semiconductor technologies in the Northwest $958,000 National Science Foundation PI: Greg Herman The goal of this project is developing an innovation ecosystem to advance use-inspired semiconductors, invent scalable nanofabrication manufacturing processes, develop innovative computational tools for predicting material properties, expand innovation and entrepreneurship, and create training programs to enable a diverse workforce.

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Democratic National Convention (DNC) in Chicago

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Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/fact-checking-warnings-from-democrats-about-project-2025-and-donald-trump

Fact-checking warnings from Democrats about Project 2025 and Donald Trump

This fact check originally appeared on PolitiFact .

Project 2025 has a starring role in this week’s Democratic National Convention.

And it was front and center on Night 1.

WATCH: Hauling large copy of Project 2025, Michigan state Sen. McMorrow speaks at 2024 DNC

“This is Project 2025,” Michigan state Sen. Mallory McMorrow, D-Royal Oak, said as she laid a hardbound copy of the 900-page document on the lectern. “Over the next four nights, you are going to hear a lot about what is in this 900-page document. Why? Because this is the Republican blueprint for a second Trump term.”

Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic presidential nominee, has warned Americans about “Trump’s Project 2025” agenda — even though former President Donald Trump doesn’t claim the conservative presidential transition document.

“Donald Trump wants to take our country backward,” Harris said July 23 in Milwaukee. “He and his extreme Project 2025 agenda will weaken the middle class. Like, we know we got to take this seriously, and can you believe they put that thing in writing?”

Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, Harris’ running mate, has joined in on the talking point.

“Don’t believe (Trump) when he’s playing dumb about this Project 2025. He knows exactly what it’ll do,” Walz said Aug. 9 in Glendale, Arizona.

Trump’s campaign has worked to build distance from the project, which the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, led with contributions from dozens of conservative groups.

Much of the plan calls for extensive executive-branch overhauls and draws on both long-standing conservative principles, such as tax cuts, and more recent culture war issues. It lays out recommendations for disbanding the Commerce and Education departments, eliminating certain climate protections and consolidating more power to the president.

Project 2025 offers a sweeping vision for a Republican-led executive branch, and some of its policies mirror Trump’s 2024 agenda, But Harris and her presidential campaign have at times gone too far in describing what the project calls for and how closely the plans overlap with Trump’s campaign.

PolitiFact researched Harris’ warnings about how the plan would affect reproductive rights, federal entitlement programs and education, just as we did for President Joe Biden’s Project 2025 rhetoric. Here’s what the project does and doesn’t call for, and how it squares with Trump’s positions.

Are Trump and Project 2025 connected?

To distance himself from Project 2025 amid the Democratic attacks, Trump wrote on Truth Social that he “knows nothing” about it and has “no idea” who is in charge of it. (CNN identified at least 140 former advisers from the Trump administration who have been involved.)

The Heritage Foundation sought contributions from more than 100 conservative organizations for its policy vision for the next Republican presidency, which was published in 2023.

Project 2025 is now winding down some of its policy operations, and director Paul Dans, a former Trump administration official, is stepping down, The Washington Post reported July 30. Trump campaign managers Susie Wiles and Chris LaCivita denounced the document.

WATCH: A look at the Project 2025 plan to reshape government and Trump’s links to its authors

However, Project 2025 contributors include a number of high-ranking officials from Trump’s first administration, including former White House adviser Peter Navarro and former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson.

A recently released recording of Russell Vought, a Project 2025 author and the former director of Trump’s Office of Management and Budget, showed Vought saying Trump’s “very supportive of what we do.” He said Trump was only distancing himself because Democrats were making a bogeyman out of the document.

Project 2025 wouldn’t ban abortion outright, but would curtail access

The Harris campaign shared a graphic on X that claimed “Trump’s Project 2025 plan for workers” would “go after birth control and ban abortion nationwide.”

The plan doesn’t call to ban abortion nationwide, though its recommendations could curtail some contraceptives and limit abortion access.

What’s known about Trump’s abortion agenda neither lines up with Harris’ description nor Project 2025’s wish list.

Project 2025 says the Department of Health and Human Services Department should “return to being known as the Department of Life by explicitly rejecting the notion that abortion is health care.”

It recommends that the Food and Drug Administration reverse its 2000 approval of mifepristone, the first pill taken in a two-drug regimen for a medication abortion. Medication is the most common form of abortion in the U.S. — accounting for around 63 percent in 2023.

If mifepristone were to remain approved, Project 2025 recommends new rules, such as cutting its use from 10 weeks into pregnancy to seven. It would have to be provided to patients in person — part of the group’s efforts to limit access to the drug by mail. In June, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected a legal challenge to mifepristone’s FDA approval over procedural grounds.

WATCH: Trump’s plans for health care and reproductive rights if he returns to White House The manual also calls for the Justice Department to enforce the 1873 Comstock Act on mifepristone, which bans the mailing of “obscene” materials. Abortion access supporters fear that a strict interpretation of the law could go further to ban mailing the materials used in procedural abortions, such as surgical instruments and equipment.

The plan proposes withholding federal money from states that don’t report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention how many abortions take place within their borders. The plan also would prohibit abortion providers, such as Planned Parenthood, from receiving Medicaid funds. It also calls for the Department of Health and Human Services to ensure that the training of medical professionals, including doctors and nurses, omits abortion training.

The document says some forms of emergency contraception — particularly Ella, a pill that can be taken within five days of unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy — should be excluded from no-cost coverage. The Affordable Care Act requires most private health insurers to cover recommended preventive services, which involves a range of birth control methods, including emergency contraception.

Trump has recently said states should decide abortion regulations and that he wouldn’t block access to contraceptives. Trump said during his June 27 debate with Biden that he wouldn’t ban mifepristone after the Supreme Court “approved” it. But the court rejected the lawsuit based on standing, not the case’s merits. He has not weighed in on the Comstock Act or said whether he supports it being used to block abortion medication, or other kinds of abortions.

Project 2025 doesn’t call for cutting Social Security, but proposes some changes to Medicare

“When you read (Project 2025),” Harris told a crowd July 23 in Wisconsin, “you will see, Donald Trump intends to cut Social Security and Medicare.”

The Project 2025 document does not call for Social Security cuts. None of its 10 references to Social Security addresses plans for cutting the program.

Harris also misleads about Trump’s Social Security views.

In his earlier campaigns and before he was a politician, Trump said about a half-dozen times that he’s open to major overhauls of Social Security, including cuts and privatization. More recently, in a March 2024 CNBC interview, Trump said of entitlement programs such as Social Security, “There’s a lot you can do in terms of entitlements, in terms of cutting.” However, he quickly walked that statement back, and his CNBC comment stands at odds with essentially everything else Trump has said during the 2024 presidential campaign.

Trump’s campaign website says that not “a single penny” should be cut from Social Security. We rated Harris’ claim that Trump intends to cut Social Security Mostly False.

Project 2025 does propose changes to Medicare, including making Medicare Advantage, the private insurance offering in Medicare, the “default” enrollment option. Unlike Original Medicare, Medicare Advantage plans have provider networks and can also require prior authorization, meaning that the plan can approve or deny certain services. Original Medicare plans don’t have prior authorization requirements.

The manual also calls for repealing health policies enacted under Biden, such as the Inflation Reduction Act. The law enabled Medicare to negotiate with drugmakers for the first time in history, and recently resulted in an agreement with drug companies to lower the prices of 10 expensive prescriptions for Medicare enrollees.

Trump, however, has said repeatedly during the 2024 presidential campaign that he will not cut Medicare.

Project 2025 would eliminate the Education Department, which Trump supports

The Harris campaign said Project 2025 would “eliminate the U.S. Department of Education” — and that’s accurate. Project 2025 says federal education policy “should be limited and, ultimately, the federal Department of Education should be eliminated.” The plan scales back the federal government’s role in education policy and devolves the functions that remain to other agencies.

Aside from eliminating the department, the project also proposes scrapping the Biden administration’s Title IX revision, which prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. It also would let states opt out of federal education programs and calls for passing a federal parents’ bill of rights similar to ones passed in some Republican-led state legislatures.

Republicans, including Trump, have pledged to close the department, which gained its status in 1979 within Democratic President Jimmy Carter’s presidential Cabinet.

In one of his Agenda 47 policy videos, Trump promised to close the department and “to send all education work and needs back to the states.” Eliminating the department would have to go through Congress.

What Project 2025, Trump would do on overtime pay

In the graphic, the Harris campaign says Project 2025 allows “employers to stop paying workers for overtime work.”

The plan doesn’t call for banning overtime wages. It recommends changes to some Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, regulations and to overtime rules. Some changes, if enacted, could result in some people losing overtime protections, experts told us.

The document proposes that the Labor Department maintain an overtime threshold “that does not punish businesses in lower-cost regions (e.g., the southeast United States).” This threshold is the amount of money executive, administrative or professional employees need to make for an employer to exempt them from overtime pay under the Fair Labor Standards Act.

In 2019, the Trump’s administration finalized a rule that expanded overtime pay eligibility to most salaried workers earning less than about $35,568, which it said made about 1.3 million more workers eligible for overtime pay. The Trump-era threshold is high enough to cover most line workers in lower-cost regions, Project 2025 said.

The Biden administration raised that threshold to $43,888 beginning July 1, and that will rise to $58,656 on Jan. 1, 2025. That would grant overtime eligibility to about 4 million workers, the Labor Department said.

It’s unclear how many workers Project 2025’s proposal to return to the Trump-era overtime threshold in some parts of the country would affect, but experts said some would presumably lose the right to overtime wages.

Other overtime proposals in Project 2025’s plan include allowing some workers to choose to accumulate paid time off instead of overtime pay, or to work more hours in one week and fewer in the next, rather than receive overtime.

Trump’s past with overtime pay is complicated. In 2016, the Obama administration said it would raise the overtime to salaried workers earning less than $47,476 a year, about double the exemption level set in 2004 of $23,660 a year.

But when a judge blocked the Obama rule, the Trump administration didn’t challenge the court ruling. Instead it set its own overtime threshold, which raised the amount, but by less than Obama.

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Press Office

Muscular Dystrophy Research Project

Funding to create new research projects for muscular dystrophy.

Published on: 29 August 2024

Muscular Dystrophy UK is funding 12 new research projects worth £1.7 million across England and Scotland, with three of them based at Newcastle University.

The three new research projects worth £390,000 that will be created at Newcastle University seek to improve diagnosis, progression, and potential new treatments of muscular dystrophy (MD).

The research will allow Newcastle University to assist in developing a gene therapy for desminopathy (a form of myofibrillar myopathy that causes weakness and affects muscle function) and to explore the molecular processes that cause the progression of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), which most typically affects the muscles of the face, shoulder blades, and upper arms.

A leading charity has announced a multi-million pound investment which will be lead out of Newcastle to champion the next generation of dementia researchers.

published on: 28 August 2024

a cropped image of a Tyne Theatre and Opera House programme

Painstaking research by a team of volunteers led by a Newcastle University academic has documented thousands of performances at the Tyne Theatre and Opera House in its Victorian/Edwardian heyday.

published on: 27 August 2024

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FDA Approves and Authorizes Updated mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines to Better Protect Against Currently Circulating Variants

FDA News Release

Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved and granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for updated mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (2024-2025 formula) to include a monovalent (single) component that corresponds to the Omicron variant KP.2 strain of SARS-CoV-2. The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have been updated with this formula to more closely target currently circulating variants and provide better protection against serious consequences of COVID-19, including hospitalization and death. Today’s actions relate to updated mRNA COVID-19 vaccines manufactured by ModernaTX Inc. and Pfizer Inc.

In early June, the FDA advised manufacturers of licensed and authorized COVID-19 vaccines that the COVID-19 vaccines (2024-2025 formula) should be monovalent JN.1 vaccines. Based on the further evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and a rise in cases of COVID-19, the agency subsequently determined and advised manufacturers that the preferred JN.1-lineage for the COVID-19 vaccines (2024-2025 formula) is the KP.2 strain, if feasible.

“Vaccination continues to be the cornerstone of COVID-19 prevention,” said Peter Marks, M.D., Ph.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. “These updated vaccines meet the agency’s rigorous, scientific standards for safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing quality. Given waning immunity of the population from previous exposure to the virus and from prior vaccination, we strongly encourage those who are eligible to consider receiving an updated COVID-19 vaccine to provide better protection against currently circulating variants.”

The updated mRNA COVID-19 vaccines include Comirnaty and Spikevax, both of which are approved for individuals 12 years of age and older, and the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, both of which are authorized for emergency use for individuals 6 months through 11 years of age.

What You Need to Know

Unvaccinated individuals 6 months through 4 years of age are eligible to receive three doses of the updated, authorized Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine or two doses of the updated, authorized Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine.
Individuals 6 months through 4 years of age who have previously been vaccinated against COVID-19 are eligible to receive one or two doses of the updated, authorized Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines (timing and number of doses to administer depends on the previous COVID-19 vaccine received).
Individuals 5 years through 11 years of age regardless of previous vaccination are eligible to receive a single dose of the updated, authorized Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines; if previously vaccinated, the dose is administered at least 2 months after the last dose of any COVID-19 vaccine.
Individuals 12 years of age and older are eligible to receive a single dose of the updated, approved Comirnaty or the updated, approved Spikevax; if previously vaccinated, the dose is administered at least 2 months since the last dose of any COVID-19 vaccine.
Additional doses are authorized for certain immunocompromised individuals ages 6 months through 11 years of age as described in the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine fact sheets.

Individuals who receive an updated mRNA COVID-19 vaccine may experience similar side effects as those reported by individuals who previously received mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and as described in the respective prescribing information or fact sheets. The updated vaccines are expected to provide protection against COVID-19 caused by the currently circulating variants. Barring the emergence of a markedly more infectious variant of SARS-CoV-2, the FDA anticipates that the composition of COVID-19 vaccines will need to be assessed annually, as occurs for seasonal influenza vaccines.

For today’s approvals and authorizations of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, the FDA assessed manufacturing and nonclinical data to support the change to include the 2024-2025 formula in the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. The updated mRNA vaccines are manufactured using a similar process as previous formulas of these vaccines. The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have been administered to hundreds of millions of people in the U.S., and the benefits of these vaccines continue to outweigh their risks.

On an ongoing basis, the FDA will review any additional COVID-19 vaccine applications submitted to the agency and take appropriate regulatory action.

The approval of Comirnaty (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) (2024-2025 Formula) was granted to BioNTech Manufacturing GmbH. The EUA amendment for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (2024-2025 Formula) was issued to Pfizer Inc.

The approval of Spikevax (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) (2024-2025 Formula) was granted to ModernaTX Inc. and the EUA amendment for the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (2024-2025 Formula) was issued to ModernaTX Inc.

Related Information

Comirnaty (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) (2024-2025 Formula)
Spikevax (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) (2024-2025 Formula)
Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (2024-2025 Formula)
Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (2024-2025 Formula)
FDA Resources for the Fall Respiratory Illness Season
Updated COVID-19 Vaccines for Use in the United States Beginning in Fall 2024
June 5, 2024, Meeting of the Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee

The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, radiation-emitting electronic products, and for regulating tobacco products.

Living in tree-filled neighborhoods may reduce risk of heart disease, study shows

Living in a tree-filled neighborhood may be as beneficial to the heart as regular exercise, new research shows.

Researchers at the University of Louisville designed a clinical trial that followed hundreds of people living in six low- to middle-income neighborhoods in South Louisville, Kentucky. They used blood and other samples to better understand how their heart risks changed before and after the team planted thousands of mature trees near their homes.

Results from the Green Heart Louisville Project ’s HEAL Study , released Tuesday, showed that people living in neighborhoods with twice as many trees and shrubs had lower levels of a blood marker associated with heart disease, diabetes and some types of cancer compared with those who lived in more tree-bare neighborhoods.

“We are trying to see if we can decrease the rates of heart disease in a community,” said Aruni Bhatnagar, a professor of medicine at the University of Louisville, who led the project.

Most previous studies showing the effects of nature on mental and physical health are observational and can’t answer whether people who live in green communities are healthier because they’re wealthier and have access to better health care.

The HEAL study was set up with a control group and an intervention, meaning something measurable that some of the participants were exposed to during the study but not before.

Bhatnagar and his team recruited about 750 people living in a 4-mile area of South Louisville cut by a highway. The residents were 25 to 75 years old.

Nearly 80% were white, and 60% identified as female. Half reported average household incomes of $50,000.

The researchers collected blood, urine, nail and hair samples, as well as health data, from each person before they began their intervention.

Then, from 2019 to 2022, they planted nearly 8,500 evergreen trees, 630 deciduous trees — the type that lose leaves in the fall — and 45 different types of shrubs in parts of the 4-mile study area, leaving others untouched.

Last year and this year, they took new samples from residents living in both areas.

People living in the intervention areas had 13% lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein , a blood marker associated with heart disease, including stroke, coronary artery disease and heart attack. The drop was similar to starting a regular exercise routine, Bhatnagar said.

“I wouldn’t have expected such a strong biomarker response, and that speaks to maybe something truly is causal here with how trees impact health,” said Peter James, director of the Center for Occupational and Environmental Health at the University of California, Davis School of Medicine, who wasn’t involved in the new research.

How trees can improve physical health

Previous research has shown spending time in green spaces boosts mental health .

The new study showed the connection between living among more trees and physical health.

Trees provide shade and cool the areas where they’re planted, helping quell the urban heat effect that disproportionately affects low-income neighborhoods and neighborhoods of color. Hot weather aggravates heart disease and can cause heatstroke in people without pre-existing conditions.

Trees also buffer noise, which is linked to higher rates of cardiovascular disease, James said.

“They provide areas for people to relax, exercise, and probably more importantly, socialize,” Joan Casey, an environmental epidemiologist and associate professor of environmental and occupational health sciences at the University of Washington, said in an email.

“They also replace other health-harmful land uses, like industrial sites,” she said.

Because one of the city’s major highways cuts through the study area, Bhatnagar and his team believe, trees’ ability to filter air pollution and buffer neighborhoods from constantly breathing in harmful particles could be a primary way the tree-planting intervention appeared to lower inflammation markers in people living in greened areas.

During the study, the project planted trees only in the parts of South Louisville that had the worst air quality. It took air quality samples before the project, and it is still analyzing how the new tree cover has affected pollution. It’s a complex undertaking, because air quality fluctuates based on the weather — a windy day might increase or decrease air pollution in certain areas, depending on the direction of the wind, and air pollution is worse on hotter days.

The project plans to plant trees in the control group neighborhoods in another three or four years if the intervention neighborhoods continue to show positive results. It also wants to determine whether tree cover improves sleep or children’s immune systems by encouraging outside play.

“There is no sort of ultimate proof,” Bhatnagar said. “But this is the strongest evidence of any study that’s ever been done on trees and their relationship to health.”

Growing evidence shows the importance of ensuring green spaces are equitably distributed around cities, which is currently not the case .

Casey said it’s important that city planners be careful not to create “green gentrification” when they create more equitable access to green spaces in cities — that is, when spaces such as water fronts are restored and housing prices increase as a result, making it unaffordable for current residents to continue living there once a green space is completed.

“The take-home message here is that nature is not an amenity; green spaces are not a perk for the wealthy. They are essential for us as human beings,” James said.

Kaitlin Sullivan is a contributor for NBCNews.com who has worked with NBC News Investigations. She reports on health, science and the environment and is a graduate of the Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at City University of New York.

Anne Thompson is NBC News’ chief environmental affairs correspondent.

Data Collections, Research Projects, and Funding Opportunities

Discover data collections, research projects, and funding opportunities related to nutrition, food insecurity, and physical inactivity in tribal communities.

Data Collections

Centers for disease control and prevention (cdc): adult physical inactivity outside of work interactive maps.

CDC developed interactive maps showing differences in physical activity among U.S. adults by race and ethnicity and location in 2022. 27 states had a physical inactivity prevalence of 30 percent or higher among non-Hispanic AI/AN adults.

National Cancer Institute (NCI): Cancer Resources

For information on AI/AN specific cancer surveillance and tumor registries, as well as the programs that support these efforts, visit this National Cancer Institute (NCI) webpage .

Learn about AI colorectal screening programs and review cancer literature searches specific for Native American populations on NCI’s Native American Health webpage .

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Aids Research (OAR): Data Hub

To learn about funding opportunities and ongoing research on HIV/AIDS within AI/AN populations, visit NIH’s Office of Aids Research (OAR) Data Hub .

Research Projects and Resources

Centers for diabetes translation research (cdtr).

The Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Diabetes Translation Research , funded under the Centers for Diabetes Translation Research (CDTR) program , has a mission to translate research of proven efficacy into practice in both clinical and community settings, with the goal of improving the diabetes-related health of Native people. Learn more about this grant award .

CDC: Keys to Success Tip Sheet: Enrolling and Retaining American Indian Participants in the National Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Change Program

Including traditional foods in type 2 diabetes prevention programs serving AI/AN communities can help program participants achieve their goals. This tip sheet provides lessons learned and insights on how staff can include traditional foods and make their program more culturally relevant for AI/AN participants.

NIH: ADVANCE: Advancing Prevention Research for Health Equity

NIH provides funding support for a variety of research, training, infrastructure development, and outreach and information dissemination projects. The NIH Office of Disease Prevention is coordinating the NIH-wide research effort, ADVANCE: Advancing Prevention Research for Health Equity . As part of this initiative, this Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) focuses specifically on preventive interventions to address cardiometabolic risk factors in populations that experience health disparities, including AI/AN people. In the United States, AI/AN children experience disproportionate health disparities, including high rates of diabetes, obesity, and dental caries when compared to all other groups. Youth from AI/AN populations also face socio-cultural barriers in school and community settings that undermine the importance of their Native identity.

NIH: Exploring Food Insecurity as a Social Determinant of Health Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adolescents at Risk for Gestational Diabetes

Exploring Food Insecurity as a Social Determinant of Health Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adolescents at Risk for Gestational Diabetes aims to explore how food insecurity impacts AI/AN females prior to pregnancy and will identify solutions to decrease food insecurity and diabetes health disparities in AI/AN communities.

NIH: Native Collective Research Effort to Enhance Wellness (N CREW)

The NIH supported program Native Collective Research Effort to Enhance Wellness (N CREW) supports Tribes and Native American Serving Organizations (T/NASOs). T/NASOs participating in the program conduct research to address overdose, substance use, and pain, including related factors such as mental health and wellness. Phase I completed in November 2023 with the goal to support T/NASOs to plan, develop, pilot, and implement research and data improvement projects. Projects have received an initial review, and the process to award the projects has been initiated.

NIH: Osage Community Supported Agriculture Study (OCSA)

The Osage Community Supported Agriculture Study (OCSA) will test the efficacy of a CSA program combined with culturally tailored nutrition and cooking education among Osage adults, evaluate its cost-effectiveness, and develop a multimedia toolkit for disseminating findings .

NIH: Promoting Linguistic and Cultural Identity through Bilingual Children’s Stories to Address Nutrition and Health in Indigenous Communities

The Promoting Linguistic and Cultural Identity through Bilingual Children’s Stories to Address Nutrition and Health in Indigenous Communities project will develop a platform for the creation, distribution, and consumption of Native-authored, bilingual resources. The resources, tailored to AI/AN families, will relate to health, nutrition, and traditional foods. The goal is to create a library of dynamic, bilingual children’s eBooks in AI/AN languages and English, with accompanying interactive activities to promote parent-child dialogue and co-reading.

NIH/NHLBI: Strong Heart Study (SHS)

The Strong Heart Study (SHS) is a study of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among American Indian men and women, and is one of the largest epidemiological studies of American Indians ever undertaken.

NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS): Building Food Sovereignty, Sustainability, and Better Health in Environmentally impacted Native Americans

This National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) project will identify and implement safe and nutritious farming practices and restore food sovereignty through development of a farming system program supported by the Turtle Clan-founded Munsee Three Sisters Medicinal Farm. This innovative study will integrate a culturally centered, environmental road map created from community input for food sovereignty and sustainability that can be shared and disseminated to other environmentally impacted Nations.

NIH/NIEHS: Native American Health and the Environment

NIH supports research to determine how environmental agents cause or exacerbate human diseases, including research to improve the environmental health of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN). Learn more about these NIEHS-founded initiatives .

Research Funding Opportunities

Nih: intervention research to improve native american health (irinah) program.

The Intervention Research to Improve Native American Health (IRINAH) Program supports research on interventions that aim to improve the health and well-being of Native American populations, including traditional nutrition and sports. IRINAH supports:

Etiologic research that will directly inform intervention development or adaptations
Research that develops, adapts, or tests interventions for health promotion, prevention, treatment, or recovery
Research on dissemination and implementation that develops and tests strategies to overcome barriers to the adoption, integration, scale-up, and sustainability of effective interventions

The IRINAH program includes 3 different funding opportunities: R01 - PAR-23-298 , R21 - PAR-23-299 , and R34 - PAR-23-285 .

NIH: Native American Research Centers for Health (NARCH) Program

The Native American Research Centers for Health (NARCH) Program funds federally recognized American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) Tribes and organizations for health research, research career enhancement, and research infrastructure enhancement activities. The NARCH program aims to support research directly linked to health concerns specifically identified, selected, and prioritized by tribal communities.

The NARCH program includes 2 funding opportunities: S06– PAR-23-166 and R34 – PAR-24-041 .

NIH: Notices of Special Interest

The Determining the Tri-directional Relationship Among Oral History, Nutrition, and Comprehensive Health Notice of Special Interest Funding Opportunity supports research on the interplay of nutrition/food insecurity, oral diseases, and comprehensive health across the lifespan.

The Stimulating Research to Understand and Address Hunger, Food and Nutrition Insecurity Notice of Special Interest Funding Opportunity encourages research on the efficacy of interventions and development of new measures for nutrition security and the mechanisms of food insecurity on a variety of health outcomes.

The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website.

Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by ODPHP or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.

You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link.

New datacenter, server, and software architectures for liquid-cooled systems

The Zissou project is exploring liquid cooling in large-scale cloud platforms. Our main motivation is that chip power has been steadily increasing since the end of Dennard scaling. Ever increasing power requires increasingly larger air-cooling infrastructures, which in turn increase costs. In fact, we expect that air cooling will become unacceptably expensive in the next 5 years. Liquid cooling enables cheaper and more stable cooling, higher server density, and lower costs than air cooling. It also enables new efficiency gains from component overclocking, better management of failures and repairs, and resource disaggregation. As part of Zissou, we are building a new Cloud OS, i.e., an intelligent control plane for liquid-cooled cloud platforms.

Zissou is a close collaboration between Azure Core, AHSI, CO+I, and E+D.

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CBSE Physics Projects for Class 12 2024 – Most Important Topics

CBSE Physics Projects for Class 12: Physics is the branch of science that deals with the structure of matter and the interactions between the fundamental constituents of the universe, including light, matter, energy, force, etc. In this article, we will provide you with a list of CBSE Physics Projects for Class 12 that will help you understand the laws of Physics and their importance in day-to-day life. It is much easier for us to understand the concepts of Class 12th Physics through a Physics Project.

The important topics students can choose from Class 12th Physics projects are electromagnetic induction, capacitor, optics, magnetism, current electricity, electrostatics, transistor, etc. Students can create these Physics projects for their practical tests or school science exhibition. These projects will not only make learning fun but also help them come up with one of the best investigatory projects in physics for class 12.

Projects in Physics Class 12: Overview

Before discussing further details about CBSE Physics projects for class 12, here is a brief overview of CBSE Class 12 Physics in the table below:


Exam Name	Central Board of Secondary Education Class 12
Conducting Body	Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
Exam Level	Class 12
Mode of Examination	Offline
Subject	Physics
Exam Duration	3 Hours
CBSE Official Website
NCERT Official Website

CBSE Physics Projects for Class 12

The students can check the chapter-wise list of the Class 12th Physics Projects in this section. The unique ideas for the working model of Physics for class 12 are provided below:

CBSE Class 12 Physics Projects on Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

To study the idea of a full-wave bridge rectifier and the idea of a coil’s self-inductance.
To Research the Self-Designed Transformer Concept.
To Research and Measure the AC Current’s Strength.
To Research the AC/DC Converter (Full Wave Rectifier).
To investigate the magnetic induction in an AC generator.
To examine how input and output voltage relate to one another.
Physics Project for Grade 12: To Investigate the Tangent Galvanometer.
A circuit using four diodes to provide full-wave rectification converts an AC voltage to a pulsating DC voltage and is used to study the many factors affecting internal resistance or EMF.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Projects on Current Electricity

To learn about resistance and Ohms law.
To establish the RC circuit’s time constant.
To investigate the idea of electrical resistance variation.
The Future of Electricity: A Study of Wireless Energy.
To research and discover novel electricity generating methods.
To investigate the parallel and series combinations of resistors.
Studying the operation of the Wheatstone Bridge Circuit and its use.
To Research Current Variation Using an LDR: 12th-grade physics projects.
To investigate the impact of different temperatures on the resistivity of insulators.
To determine how the following factors affect an avalanche cell’s internal resistance.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Projects on Electrostatics

To investigate how a series of capacitors charges and discharges.
To Research and Build a Capacitor Storage Circuit LED
To Research and Build a Capacitor Charge Oscillator Circuit to Research the Electric Dipole Moment: Physics Project Subjects.
To learn about Coulomb’s law of forces at two points.
To research the electric field and the superposition principle.
To investigate the dipole’s torque in a consistent electric field.
To research dielectric materials for cutting-edge applications.
Project for physics class 12: To Illustrate The Operation Of An Electrolytic Capacitor Using Its Charging And Discharging With The Aid Of An Audio Oscillator.
To examine and contrast the two capacitors when used in series and parallel.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Projects on Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

To research the impact of applied voltage and magnetic field.
To Research the Bar Magnet as a Comparative Solenoid.
To research using magnetic levitation in elevators.
Physics Investigational Project on the Moving Coil Galvanometer to Study the Magnetic Force on the Current-Carrying Conductor Physics Experiment with Galvanometer to Voltmeter.
To investigate the torque that a current loop experiences in a consistent magnetic field.
Physics projects for the 12th grade: To Study the Magnetic Properties of Materials.
To study the magnetic force between two parallel current-carrying conductors by experimenting with magnetic field lines surrounding them.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Projects on Optics

How Does Distance Impact Light Intensity?
Study of the Impact of Space-Time Curvature.
Changing the Speed of Light: Research and Analysis.
To study the idea of reflection in the concave mirror, are there more cosmic rays at higher altitudes?
To Research the Reconstruction of the Cosmic Ray Shower Array To Research Light Refraction in a Rectangular Glass Slab.
To Research and Observe the Gas in the Infrared Spectrum to Showcase the Total Internal Reflection Phenomenon.x

CBSE Class 12 Physics Projects on Oscillations and Waves

To research the laws governing sound reflection.
Utilizing sound to gauge the temperature.
To research and calculate the density of solids.
To Calculate the Sound Speed at Room Temperature.
To Measure the Speed of Sound at Room Temperature and Study the Doppler Effect and Fiber Gyroscope.
To Research and Test the Sound Decay in Various Gases.
To investigate mechanical systems’ nonlinear oscillations.
To learn the distinction between longitudinal waves and transverse waves, ethnic groups’ voice frequencies were studied and analysed.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Projects on Modern Physics

Modern Physics and the Study of the Photoelectric Effect
To research the assumptions and constraints of the Bohr atomic model.
To learn about Henry Moseley’s law and its applications.
To investigate the de Broglie Wavelength of Matter Waves Concept and Related Problems.
To learn about the several forms of radioactivity in modern physics.

Physics Projects for Class 12 CBSE PDF of Chapter-wise NCERT

You can download the Class 12th Physics NCERT books PDF to get help with your CBSE Physics project from the links provided below:

CBSE NCERT Class 12 Physics Books Part-1 (English) PDF
CBSE NCERT Class 12 Physics Books Part-2 (English) PDF
CBSE NCERT Class 12 Bhautiki Books Part-1 (Hindi) PDF
CBSE NCERT Class 12 Bhautiki Books Part-2 (Hindi) PDF

Students can also download chapter-wise Class 12th NCERT PDFs for their Class 12 physics project from the links provided below:


Chapter 1 –
Chapter 2 –
Chapter 3 –
Chapter 4 –
Chapter 5 –
Chapter 6 –
Chapter 7 –
Chapter 8 –
–

Chapter 9 –
Chapter 10 –
Chapter 11 –
Chapter 12 –
Chapter 13 –
Chapter 14 –
–

We hope you find this article on CBSE Physics Projects for Class 12 helpful. Please reach out to us if you have any queries regarding CBSE Class 12th. We will surely get back to you.

Stay tuned to Embibe for more information on CBSE Class 12th Physics!

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