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Essay on Science and Technology

Science and technology is the ultimate need of an hour that changes the overall perspective of the human towards life. Over the centuries, there have been new inventions in the field of science and technology that help in modernizing. Right from connecting with people to using digital products, everything involves science and technology. In other words, it has made life easy and simple. Moreover, humans now have to live a simple life. There is modern equipment explored by tech experts to find something new for the future.

Science and technology have now expanded their wings to medical, education, manufacturing and other areas. Moreover, they are not limited to cities, but also rural areas for educational purposes. Every day new technologies keep coming, making life easier and more comfortable.

Brief about Science

Throughout history, science has come a long way. The evolution of the person is the contribution to science. Science helped humans to find vaccines, potions, medicines and scientific aids. Over the centuries, humans have faced many diseases and illnesses taking many lives. With the help of science, medicines are invented to bring down the effect or element of these illnesses.

Brief of Technology

The mobile, desktop or laptop which you are using for reading this essay, mobile you use for connectivity or communication or the smart technology which we use in our daily life, are a part of technology. From the machinery used in the factory to the robots created all fall under tech invention. In simpler words, technology has made life more comfortable.

Advancement in science and technology has changed the modern culture and the way we live our daily life.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Science and Technology

Science and technology have changed this world. From TV to planes, cars to mobile, the list keeps on going how these two inventions have changed the world we see through. For instance, the virtual talks we do use our mobile, which was not possible earlier. Similarly, there are electrical devices that have made life easier.

Furthermore, the transportation process we use has also seen the contribution of science and technology. We can reach our destination quickly to any part of the world.

Science and technology are not limited to this earth. It has now reached mars. NASA and ISRO have used science and technology to reach mars. Both organizations have witnessed success in sending astronauts and technologies to explore life in the mars.

Other Benefits

Life is much simpler with science and technology

Interaction is more comfortable and faster

Human is more sophisticated

Disadvantages

With the progress in science and technology, we humans have become lazier. This is affecting the human mind and health. Moreover, several semi-automatic rifles are created using the latest technology, which takes maximum life. There is no doubt that the third world war will be fought with missiles created using technology.

Man has misused the tech and used it for destructive purposes.

 Man uses them to do illegal stuff.

Technology such as a smartphone, etc. hurts children.

Terrorists use modern technology for damaging work.

Science and Technology in India

India is not behind when it comes to science and technology. Over the centuries, the country has witnessed reliable technology updates giving its people a better life. The Indian economy is widely boosted with science and technology in the field of astronomy, astrophysics, space exploration, nuclear power and more. India is becoming more innovative and progressive to improve the economic condition of the nation.

The implementation of technology in the research work promotes a better life ahead. Similarly, medical science in India is progressing rapidly, making life healthy and careful. Indian scientists are using the latest technology to introduce new medical products for people and offer them at the lowest price.

The Bottom Line

The main aim of writing this essay on science and technology is to showcase how humans have evolved over the years. Since we are advancing, the science and technology industry is also advancing at a faster pace. Although there are challenges, the road ahead is exciting. From interaction to transportation and healthcare in every sector, we will witness profitable growth in science and technology.

FAQs on Science and Technology Essay

1. How technology changed humans?

Technology has certainly changed the way we live our lives. Not a single piece of technology has failed and is continuously progressing. Be it the small industry or large, technology is a boom to your society. Technology can encompass ancient technologies like calculators, calendars, batteries and others. In future, the technology worlds include Blockchain technologies, smart cities, more advanced intelligent devices, quantum computers, quantum encryption, and others. Humans are updated with technology. This is a good sign for the coming generation.

2. What are the top technologies?

In the last few years, there has been a massive update in technology. From individuals to companies, everywhere, the use of technology is required. Some of the top technologies we are witnessing are

 Data Science

 Internet of Things

 Blockchain

 Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

 Virtual Reality

 Edge Computing

Intelligent apps

Artificial Intelligence

Each of these technologies is in the use of daily life and even in making products. However, to use this technology, there is a requirement of skilled professionals and they need proper training to use them.

3. Is the topic Science and Technology an appropriate topic for students?

Yes, Science and Technology are one of the most important topics every student should know in their schooling. The world is growing rapidly at an increasing rate where one should be equipped with minimum knowledge about these concepts. Science and technology have become a part of everyone’s life today. Therefore understanding them is definitely important.

4. Does writing essays improve English?

Yes, of course it does. Writing is absolutely fundamental to language learning. As with anything, however, it is important to learn when and what you write. If you do it all the time, your writing might sound forced. If you only do it when you don't have anything better to do, you might find yourself procrastinating, and not do it at all. It's also a lot more effective to compose essays when you are in that mindset of an essay. So, to answer your question, yes.

To arrive at the edge of the world's knowledge, seek out the most complex and sophisticated minds, put them in a room together, and have them ask each other the questions they are asking themselves.

SPECULATIONS ON THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE

Science will continue to surprise us with what it discovers and creates; then it will astound us by devising new methods to surprises us. At the core of science's self-modification is technology. New tools enable new structures of knowledge and new ways of discovery. The achievement of science is to know new things; the evolution of science is to know them in new ways. What evolves is less the body of what we know and more the nature of our knowing.

[ED. NOTE: As part of the activites of the Long Now Foundation, Stewart Brand has organized a series of seminars which are held at Fort Mason in San Francisco. "The purpose of the series", Brand writes, "is to build a coherent, compelling body of ideas about long-term thinking, to help nudge civilization toward Long Now's goal of making long-term thinking automatic and common instead of difficult and rare."

Speakers in the series so far include a number of Edgies: Brian Eno, Jared Diamond, George Dyson, Kevin Kelly, Clay Shirky, and Bruce Sterling. All seminars are archived and freely downloadable.

The following Edge feature is based on Kevin Kelly's March 10th talk on "The Next 100 Years of Science: Long-term Trends in the Scientific Method." He's been exploring the theme on his blog, The Technium — JB ]

Introduction

Science, says Kevin Kelly, is the process of changing how we know things.  It is the foundation our culture and society.  While civilizations come and go, science grows steadily onward.  It does this by watching itself.

Recursion is the essence of science.  For example, science papers cite other science papers, and that process of research pointing at itself invokes a whole higher level, the emergent shape of citation space.  Recursion always does that.  It is the engine of scientific progress and thus of the progress of society.

A particularly fruitful way to look at the history of science is to study how science itself has changed over time, with an eye to what that trajectory might suggest about the future.  Kelly chronicled a sequence of new recursive devices in science...

2000 BC — First text indexes 200 BC — Cataloged library (at Alexandria) 1000 AD — Collaborative encyclopedia 1590 — Controlled experiment (Roger Bacon) 1600 — Laboratory 1609 — Telescopes and microscopes 1650 — Society of experts 1665 — Repeatability (Robert Boyle) 1665 — Scholarly journals 1675 — Peer review 1687 — Hypothesis/prediction (Isaac Newton) 1920 — Falsifiability (Karl Popper) 1926 — Randomized design (Ronald Fisher) 1937 — Controlled placebo 1946 — Computer simulation 1950 — Double blind experiment 1962 — Study of scientific method (Thomas Kuhn)

Projecting forward, Kelly had five things to say about the next 100 years in science...

1)  There will be more change in the next 50 years of science than in the last 400 years.

2)  This will be a century of biology.  It is the domain with the most scientists, the most new results, the most economic value, the most ethical importance, and the most to learn.

3)  Computers will keep leading to new ways of science.  Information is growing by 66% per year while physical production grows by only 7% per year.  The data volume is growing to such levels of  "zillionics" that we can expect science to compile vast combinatorial libraries, to run combinatorial sweeps through possibility space (as Stephen Wolfram has done with cellular automata), and to run multiple competing hypotheses in a matrix.  Deep realtime simulations and hypothesis search will drive data collection in the real world.

4)  New ways of knowing will emerge.  "Wikiscience" is leading to perpetually refined papers with a thousand authors.  Distributed instrumentation and experiment, thanks to miniscule transaction cost, will yield smart-mob, hive-mind science operating "fast, cheap, & out of control."  Negative results will have positive value (there is already a "Journal of Negative Results in Biomedicine"). Triple-blind experiments will emerge through massive non-invasive statistical data collection--- no one, not the subjects or the experimenters, will realize an experiment was going on until later. (In the Q&A, one questioner predicted the coming of the zero-author paper, generated wholly by computers.)

5)  Science will create new levels of meaning.  The Internet already is made of one quintillion transistors, a trillion links, a million emails per second, 20 exabytes of memory.  It is approaching the level of the human brain and is doubling every year, while the brain is not.  It is all becoming effectively one machine.  And we are the machine.

"Science is the way we surprise God," said Kelly.  "That's what we're here for."  Our moral obligation is to generate possibilities, to discover the infinite ways, however complex and high-dimension, to play the infinite game.  It will take all possible species of intelligence in order for the universe to understand itself. Science, in this way, is holy. It is a divine trip.

—Stewart Brand

(KEVIN KELLY:) Science will continue to surprise us with what it discovers and creates; then it will astound us by devising new methods to surprises us. At the core of science's self-modification is technology. New tools enable new structures of knowledge and new ways of discovery. The achievement of science is to know new things; the evolution of science is to know them in new ways. What evolves is less the body of what we know and more the nature of our knowing.

Technology is, in its essence, new ways of thinking. The most powerful type of technology, sometimes called enabling technology, is a thought incarnate which enables new knowledge to find and develop news ways to know. This kind of recursive bootstrapping is how science evolves. As in every type of knowledge, it accrues layers of self-reference to its former state.

New informational organizations are layered upon the old without displacement, just as in biological evolution. Our brains are good examples. We retain reptilian reflexes deep in our minds (fight or flight) while the more complex structuring of knowledge (how to do statistics) is layered over those primitive networks. In the same way, older methods of knowing (older scientific methods) are not jettisoned; they are simply subsumed by new levels of order and complexity. But the new tools of observation and measurement, and the new technologies of knowing, will alter the character of science, even while it retains the old methods.

I'm willing to bet the scientific method 400 years from now will differ from today's understanding of science more than today's science method differs from the proto-science used 400 years ago. A sensible forecast of technological innovations in the next 400 years is beyond our imaginations (or at least mine), but we can fruitfully envision technological changes that might occur in the next 50 years.

Based on the suggestions of the observers above, and my own active imagination, I offer the following as possible near-term advances in the evolution of the scientific method.

Compiled Negative Results — Negative results are saved, shared, compiled and analyzed, instead of being dumped. Positive results may increase their credibility when linked to negative results. We already have hints of this in the recent decision of biochemical journals to require investigators to register early phase 1 clinical trials. Usually phase 1 trials of a drug end in failure and their negative results are not reported. As a public heath measure, these negative results should be shared. Major journals have pledged not to publish the findings of phase 3 trials if their earlier phase 1 results had not been reported, whether negative or not.

Triple Blind Experiments – In a double blind experiment neither researcher nor subject are aware of the controls, but both are aware of the experiment. In a triple blind experiment all participants are blind to the controls and to the very fact of the experiment itself. The way of science depends on cheap non-invasive sensor running continuously for years generating immense streams of data. While ordinary life continues for the subjects, massive amounts of constant data about their lifestyles are drawn and archived. Out of this huge database, specific controls, measurements and variables can be "isolated" afterwards. For instance, the vital signs and lifestyle metrics of a hundred thousand people might be recorded in dozens of different ways for 20-years, and then later analysis could find certain variables (smoking habits, heart conditions) and certain ways of measuring that would permit the entire 20 years to be viewed as an experiment – one that no one knew was even going on at the time. This post-hoc analysis depends on pattern recognition abilities of supercomputers. It removes one more variable (knowledge of experiment) and permits greater freedom in devising experiments from the indiscriminate data.

Combinatorial Sweep Exploration – Much of the unknown can be explored by systematically creating random varieties of it at a large scale. You can explore the composition of ceramics (or thin films, or rare-earth conductors) by creating all possible types of ceramic (or thin films, or rare-earth conductors), and then testing them in their millions. You can explore certain realms of proteins by generating all possible variations of that type of protein and they seeing if they bind to a desired disease-specific site. You can discover new algorithms by automatically generating all possible programs and then running them against the desired problem. Indeed all possible Xs of almost any sort can be summoned and examined as a way to study X. None of this combinatorial exploration was even thinkable before robotics and computers; now both of these technologies permit this brute force style of science. The parameters of the emergent "library" of possibilities yielded by the sweep become the experiment. With sufficient computational power, together with a pool of proper primitive parts, vast territories unknown to science can be probed in this manner.

Evolutionary Search – A combinatorial exploration can be taken even further. If new libraries of variations can be derived from the best of a previous generation of good results, it is possible to evolve solutions. The best results are mutated and bred toward better results. The best testing protein is mutated randomly in thousands of way, and the best of that bunch kept and mutated further, until a lineage of proteins, each one more suited to the task than its ancestors, finally leads to one that works perfectly. This method can be applied to computer programs and even to the generation of better hypothesis.

Multiple Hypothesis Matrix – Instead of proposing a series of single hypothesis, in which each hypothesis is falsified and discarded until one theory finally passes and is verified, a matrix of many hypothesis scenarios are proposed and managed simultaneously. An experiment travels through the matrix of multiple hypothesis, some of which are partially right and partially wrong. Veracity is statistical; more than one thesis is permitted to stand with partial results. Just as data were assigned a margin of error, so too will hypothesis. An explanation may be stated as: 20% is explained by this theory, 35% by this theory, and 65% by this theory. A matrix also permits experiments with more variables and more complexity than before.

Pattern Augmentation – Pattern-seeking software which recognizes a pattern in noisy results. In large bodies of information with many variables, algorithmic discovery of patterns will become necessary and common. These exist in specialized niches of knowledge (such particle smashing) but more general rules and general-purpose pattern engines will enable pattern-seeking tools to become part of all data treatment.

Adaptive Real Time Experiments – Results evaluated, and large-scale experiments modified in real time. What we have now is primarily batch-mode science. Traditionally, the experiment starts, the results are collected, and then conclusions reached. After a pause the next experiment is designed in response, and then launched. In adaptive experiments, the analysis happens in parallel with collection, and the intent and design of the test is shifted on the fly. Some medical tests are already stopped or re-evaluated on the basis of early findings; this method would extend that method to other realms. Proper methods would be needed to keep the adaptive experiment objective.

AI Proofs – Artificial intelligence will derive and check the logic of an experiment. Ever more sophisticated and complicated science experiments become ever more difficult to judge. Artificial expert systems will at first evaluate the scientific logic of a paper to ensure the architecture of the argument is valid. It will also ensure it publishes the required types of data. This "proof review" will augment the peer-review of editors and reviewers. Over time, as the protocols for an AI check became standard, AI can score papers and proposals for experiments for certain consistencies and structure. This metric can then be used to categorize experiments, to suggest improvements and further research, and to facilitate comparisons and meta-analysis. A better way to inspect, measure and grade the structure of experiments would also help develop better kinds of experiments.

Wiki-Science – The average number of authors per paper continues to rise. With massive collaborations, the numbers will boom. Experiments involving thousands of investigators collaborating on a "paper" will commonplace. The paper is ongoing, and never finished. It becomes a trail of edits and experiments posted in real time — an ever evolving "document." Contributions are not assigned. Tools for tracking credit and contributions will be vital. Responsibilities for errors will be hard to pin down. Wiki-science will often be the first word on a new area. Some researchers will specialize in refining ideas first proposed by wiki-science.

Defined Benefit Funding — Ordinarily science is funded by the experiment (results not guaranteed) or by the investigator (nothing guaranteed). The use of prize money for particular scientific achievements will play greater roles. A goal is defined, funding secured for the first to reach it, and the contest opened to all. The Turing Test prize awarded to the first computer to pass the Turing Test as a passable intelligence. Defined Benefit Funding can also be combined with prediction markets, which set up a marketplace of bets on possible innovations. The bet winnings can encourage funding of specific technologies.

Zillionics – Ubiquitous always-on sensors in bodies and environment will transform medical, environmental, and space sciences. Unrelenting rivers of sensory data will flow day and night from zillions of sources. The exploding number of new, cheap, wireless, and novel sensing tools will require new types of programs to distill, index and archive this ocean of data, as well as to find meaningful signals in it. The field of "zillionics" — - dealing with zillions of data flows — - will be essential in health, natural sciences, and astronomy. This trend will require further innovations in statistics, math, visualizations, and computer science. More is different. Zillionics requires a new scientific perspective in terms of permissible errors, numbers of unknowns, probable causes, repeatability, and significant signals.

Deep Simulations – As our knowledge of complex systems advances, we can construct more complex simulations of them. Both the success and failures of these simulations will help us to acquire more knowledge of the systems. Developing a robust simulation will become a fundamental part of science in every field. Indeed the science of making viable simulations will become its own specialty, with a set of best practices, and an emerging theory of simulations. And just as we now expect a hypothesis to be subjected to the discipline of being stated in mathematical equations, in the future we will expect all hypothesis to be exercised in a simulation. There will also be the craft of taking things known only in simulation and testing them in other simulations—sort of a simulation of a simulation.

Hyper-analysis Mapping – Just as meta-analysis gathered diverse experiments on one subject and integrated their (sometimes contradictory) results into a large meta-view, hyper-analysis creates an extremely large-scale view by pulling together meta-analysis. The cross-links of references, assumptions, evidence and results are unraveled by computation, and then reviewed at a larger scale which may include data and studies adjacent but not core to the subject. Hyper-mapping tallies not only what is known in a particular wide field, but also emphasizes unknowns and contradictions based on what is known outside that field. It is used to integrate a meta-analysis with other meta-results, and to spotlight "white spaces" where additional research would be most productive.

Return of the Subjective – Science came into its own when it managed to refuse the subjective and embrace the objective. The repeatability of an experiment by another, perhaps less enthusiastic, observer was instrumental in keeping science rational. But as science plunges into the outer limits of scale – at the largest and smallest ends – and confronts the weirdness of the fundamental principles of matter/energy/information such as that inherent in quantum effects, it may not be able to ignore the role of observer. Existence seems to be a paradox of self-causality, and any science exploring the origins of existence will eventually have to embrace the subjective, without become irrational. The tools for managing paradox are still undeveloped.

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Science and Technology: Impact on Human Life Essay

• To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block
• As a source of information (ensure proper referencing)
• As a template for you assignment

Introduction

Part i: science in personal and professional life, part ii: science and technology in a multicultural world.

Science plays an important role in everyday life, and people depend on technologies in a variety of ways by creating, using, and improving them regularly. Sometimes, a person hardly notes how inevitable the impact of science can be on personal or professional life. Evaluating such technologies as the Internet, smartphones, notebooks, smartwatches, and brain-medicine interfaces helps recognize their positive and negative outcomes compared to the period when traditional lifestyles and natural resources like ginger were highly appreciated.

Most people are confident in their independence and neglect multiple technologies that determine their lives. During the last 25 years, technology has dramatically changed human interactions (Muslin, 2020). In addition to domestic technological discoveries like washing machines and stoves, four technologies, namely, the Internet, smartphones, notebooks, and smartwatches, are used throughout the day. Despite their evident advantages in communication, data exchange, and connection, some negative impacts should not be ignored.

Regarding my personal life changes, these technologies provoke mental health changes such as depression. I prefer to avoid my dependence on all these technologies that imperceptibly shape everyday activities. However, I constantly check my vitals, messengers, and calls not to miss something important. On the one hand, this idea of control helps improve my life and makes it logical. On the other hand, I am concerned about such relationships with technologies in my life. Similar negative impacts on society emerge when people prefer to communicate virtually instead of paying attention to reality. Technologies compromise social relationships because individuals are eager to choose something easier that requires less movement or participation, neglecting their unique chances to live a real life. They also challenge even the environment because either smartwatches or notebooks need energy that is associated with air pollution, climate change, and other harmful emissions (Trefil & Hazen, 2016). Modern technologies facilitate human life, but health, social, and environmental outcomes remain dangerous.

Thinking about my day, I cannot imagine another scientific discovery that makes this life possible except the Internet. Today, more devices have become connected to the Internet, including cars, appliances, and personal computers (Thompson, 2016). With time, people get an opportunity to use the Internet for multiple purposes to store their personal information, business documentation, music, and other files that have a meaning in their lives. The Internet defines the quality of human relationships, starting with healthcare data about a child and ending with online photos after the person’s death.

Although the Internet was invented at the end of the 1980s, this technology was implemented for everyday use in the middle of the 1990s. All people admired such possibilities as a connection across the globe, increased job opportunities, regular information flows, a variety of choices, online purchases, and good education opportunities (Olenski, 2018). It was a true belief that the Internet made society free from real-life boundaries and limitations. However, with time, its negative sides were revealed, including decreased face-to-face engagement, laziness, and the promotion of inappropriate content (Olenski, 2018). When people prefer their virtual achievements and progress but forget about real obligations like parenting, education, or keeping a healthy lifestyle, the Internet is no longer a positive scientific discovery but a serious problem.

Many discussions are developed to identify the overall impact of the Internet as a major scientific discovery. Modern people cannot imagine a day without using the Internet for working, educational, or personal purposes. However, when online life becomes someone’s obsession, the negatives prevail over its positives. Therefore, the human factor and real-life preferences should always be recognized and promoted. During the pandemic, the Internet is a priceless contribution that helps deal with isolation and mental health challenges. Some people cannot reach each other because of family issues or business trips, and the Internet is the only reliable and permanent means of connection. Thus, such positives overweight the negatives overall if everything is used rationally.

The Internet makes it possible for healthcare providers to exchange their knowledge and experiences from different parts of the world. This possibility explains the spread of the westernized high-tech research approach to medical treatment and the promotion of science in a multicultural care world. Biomedical research changes the way how people are diagnosed and treated. Recent genomic discoveries help predict the possibility of cancer and human predisposition to other incurable diseases to improve awareness of health conditions. The benefit of new brain-interface technologies (BMI) is life improvement for disabled people to move their prosthetics easily (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016). Instead of staying passive, individuals use smart technology to hold subjects, open doors, and receive calls. BMI has a high price, but its impact is priceless. At the same time, some risks of high-tech research exist in medical treatment. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (2016) underlines damaged neurons and fibers depend on what drugs are delivered to the system and how. The transmission of electrical signals is not always stable, and the safety of BMI processes is hardly guaranteed.

Some populations reject technologies in medical treatment and prefer to use natural resources to stabilize their health. For example, ginger is characterized by several positive clinical applications in China. Researchers believe that this type of alternative medicine effectively manages nausea, vomiting, and dizziness (Anh et al., 2020). Its major advantage is reported by pregnant patients who use ginger to predict morning sickness, unnecessary inflammation, and nausea. However, like any medication, ginger has its adverse effects, covering gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms (Anh et al., 2020). The disadvantage of using traditional medicine is its unpredictable action time. When immediate help is required, herbs and other products are less effective than a specially created drug or injection.

There are many reasons for having multicultural approaches to medical treatment, including ethical recognition, respect, diversity, and improved understanding of health issues. It is not enough to diagnose a patient and choose a care plan. People want to feel support, and if one culture misses some perspectives, another culture improves the situation. Western and traditional cultural approaches may be improved by drawing upon the other. However, this combination diminishes the effects of traditions and the worth of technology in medical treatment. Instead of uniting options, it is better to enhance differences and underline the importance of each approach separately. The challenges of combining these approaches vary from differences in religious beliefs to financial problems. All these controversies between science and culture are necessary for medical treatment because they offer options for people and underline the uniqueness of populations and technological progress.

In general, science and traditions are two integral elements of human life. People strive to make their unique contributions to technology and invent the devices that facilitate human activities. At the same time, they never neglect respect for traditions and cultural diversity. Therefore, high-tech and traditional medicine approaches are commonly discussed and promoted today to identify more positive impacts and reduce negative associations and challenges.

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (2016). Top 5 advances in medical technology . ASME. Web.

Anh, N. H., Kim, S. J., Long, N. P., Min, J. E., Yoon, Y. C., Lee, E. G., Kim, M., Kim, T. J., Yang, Y. Y., Son, E. Y., Yoon, S. J., Diem, N. C., Kim, H. M., & Kwon, S. W. (2020). Ginger on human health: A comprehensive systematic review of 109 randomized controlled trials. Nutrients, 12 (1). Web.

Musil, S. (2020). 25 technologies that have changed the world . Cnet. Web.

Olenski, S. (2018). The benefits and challenges of being an online – Only brand. Forbes . Web.

Thompson, C. (2016). 21 technology tipping points we will reach by 2030 . Insider. Web.

Trefil, J., & Hazen, R. M. (2016). The sciences: An integrated approach (8th ed.). Wiley.

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Essay on Science and Technology

Science and technology are the driving forces behind the progress and innovations that shape our modern world. From smartphones to space exploration, these two fields have transformed the way we live, work, and interact. In this essay, we will explore the incredible importance of science and technology in our lives, demonstrating how they have improved our society and continue to hold great promise for the future.

Advancements in Healthcare

Science and technology have revolutionized healthcare, improving the quality of our lives. Breakthroughs in medical research and technology have led to the development of life-saving treatments and medications. According to the World Health Organization, advancements in medical science have increased life expectancy worldwide by six years in the last two decades.

Enhancing Communication

The evolution of technology has transformed communication. The invention of the internet, smartphones, and social media platforms has made it easier for people around the globe to connect and share information. For instance, the Pew Research Center reports that over 3.6 billion people use social media, fostering global connections and communication.

Fueling Economic Growth

Science and technology drive economic growth by fostering innovation and creating new industries. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, the information technology sector alone has accounted for a significant portion of economic growth in recent decades, offering countless job opportunities.

Space Exploration and Scientific Discovery

Space exploration, made possible by advances in technology, continues to expand our understanding of the universe. NASA’s Mars rovers, for example, have sent back valuable data about the red planet, furthering our knowledge of space and potential for future colonization.

Environmental Conservation

Science and technology play a pivotal role in addressing environmental challenges. Solar panels, wind turbines, and electric vehicles are just a few examples of green technologies that help reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. The Union of Concerned Scientists notes that these technologies are essential for a sustainable future.

The Power of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is another groundbreaking field driven by science and technology. AI applications like voice assistants and self-driving cars are becoming increasingly integrated into our daily lives. According to Statista, the AI market is projected to reach $190 billion by 2025, revolutionizing various industries.

Advancing Education

Technology has transformed education by providing innovative learning tools. E-learning platforms, interactive educational apps, and online courses have made education accessible to people worldwide. UNESCO reports that technology has expanded learning opportunities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fostering Scientific Research

Science and technology enable scientists to conduct experiments and gather data more efficiently. High-tech laboratories and equipment, such as electron microscopes and gene sequencers, accelerate research. The National Institutes of Health emphasizes that these tools are essential for scientific progress.

Conclusion of Essay on Science and Technology

In conclusion, science and technology are the driving engines of progress and innovation in our world. They have improved healthcare, enhanced communication, fueled economic growth, and expanded our understanding of the universe. Moreover, these fields hold the key to solving pressing environmental challenges, revolutionizing education, and fostering scientific discovery. As we look to the future, science and technology will continue to play a vital role in shaping a better and more connected world for all. Embracing and supporting these marvels of human achievement is essential for our collective well-being and the advancement of society.

Also Check: 500+ Words Essay on Should Plastic be Banned

413 Science and Technology Essay Topics to Write About [2024]

Would you always go for Bill Nye the Science Guy instead of Power Rangers as a child? Were you ready to spend sleepless nights perfecting your science fair project? Or maybe you dream of a career in science? 

Then this guide by Custom-Writing.org is perfect for you. Here, you’ll find the following:

• lists of excellent science and technology topics;
• essay prompts;
• scientific essay outline;
• bonus tips.
• 🔝 Top 10 Science & Technology Topics
• 🔬 Scope of Research
• 🤖 Modern Technology Topics
• 🧪 Science Essay Topics
• 🔭 Space Exploration Topics
• 💡 Other Topics
• 📝 Essay Prompt
• ✍️ Step-by-Step Guide

🔍 References

🔝 top 10 science and technology topics.

• ICT use in healthcare
• Consent in biobanking
• Pros and cons of NFTs  
• Fintech and healthcare accessibility
• Widening of the global digital skills gap
• Ways to identify gaps in health research
• Changes in Mid-Atlantic regional climate
• Transforming public health data systems
• Workings of the online extremist ecosystem
• Ways of improving statistical computing practices

🔬 Science and Technology: Scope of Research

Now you can start looking for an essay idea in our topics list. But first, have a look at the following fields of research in science and technology that our topics cover:

• Modern technology includes the newest advances in engineering, hardware, systems, and organization methods. You can write about robotics, computer science, and more.
• Science is knowledge about the universe in the form of testable explanations. In your paper, you can cover different areas of science such as biology, physics, etc. For more ideas, check out our list of topics in science .
• Space explorations began in the ancient world and eventually allowed people to build a spaceship, arrange the first space trip, and step on the Moon.
• In a technology essay on space exploration , you may write about the most up-to-date technologies in the sphere of space traveling and exploration.
• Space exploration essays can also be devoted to the period of the Cold War . One of its aspects was a space race between the United States and the USSR.
• Finally, you can assess the importance of various space innovations . Many people tend to condemn spending vast sums of money on space exploration. You may give your viewpoint on this question in an essay. Check out our list of topics in astrophysics for more ideas.

🤖 Modern Technology Essay Topics 

• Increasingly powerful 3D computer chips 
• Technology and the rise of the leisure class
• Luddism as the most radical opposition to the use of technology
• Technological inventions that have a destructive power
• How does nuclear technology affect the global economy?
• Mobile video communication from any mountaintop
• Using technology to reinvent identification documents
• The history of the computer viruses and their current examples
• Does technology provide for a better life, or is it a bane?
• Did people reinvent texting to express the full range of emotions? 
• How did pop-up advertisements appear and evolve on the Internet? 
• The technology behind the most famous instances of hacking in history 
• The future privacy risks in the world fully connected to the Internet 
• What are the possible future developments in cloud storage? 
• Dancing robots: why is it important to teach robots to dance? 
• Should there be censorship on the Internet?
• What self-driving cars can and cannot do at present
• Which features can increase the popularity of self-driving cars among people? 
• 19 th -century discoveries versus recent technological developments
• The positive and negative impacts of communication technology 
• The printing press, the telephone, and the Internet: their contribution to global communications 
• Philosophical debates about the present and future use of nuclear technology
• The potential dangers of virtual reality replacing real-life experiences
• Transhumanism and techno-progressivism and their positive views of technology
• The history, benefits, and drawbacks of cloud technology
• Voice-commanded robot wheelchair (that will bring you to any location stored in its memory)
• Cameras that can determine your age just by looking at your face: how do they work?
• Innovative technologies in Antarctica that are speeding up polar research
• Technology and the development of daily living aids for chronic diseases. People who have chronic diseases always need to monitor their well-being. However, science has moved towards developing special devices that help people in their daily lives. For instance, you can write about stairlifts, wheelchairs, or other appliances.
• The history and technological evolution of prosthetics. People have been using prosthetic limbs from ancient times. Now, these items are much more functional, and their innovation continues. Wood and metal have been replaced by novel materials such as carbon fiber. Robotics also allows controlling prosthetic limbs better.
• Disability technology: how science invented hearing aids, text-to-speech programs, and more. Today, disabled people can get access to aids that enhance their living. For example, hearing aids were developed as far as 1898. But they became small only after World War II. Now they are enhanced by the technology of Bluetooth.  
• How has the clothing industry evolved with the development of new technology? In the past, all clothes were hand-made. After the sewing machine was introduced, people’s fashion also changed. Now, technology can create items of clothing that a human cannot produce. But many people still seek hand-made items and see the automatization of manufacturing process as a disadvantage.  
• Gardening for the 21st century: vertical gardening for tiny city spaces. As the world population grows, people have much less room for farming and recreational gardening. New concepts such as vertical gardening are innovative and environmentally conscious. They create small green spaces in urban areas and bring humans back to nature.  
• Hydroponic systems and other approaches to agriculture without soil. It can be hard to find enough place for soil planting in big crowded cities. Hydroponic gardening is a way to get fresh local vegetables that can be grown indoors. Such approaches, nonetheless, have their advantages and disadvantages.
• The importance of sustainable farming for the environment. Food production is a vital part of people’s lives. Science has shown that agriculture contributes to pollution. Now, climate change concerns raise the question—how can humans grow food without damaging the environment? Sustainable principles may be the answer to this question. 
• Genetically modified foods: history, benefits and drawbacks, and common misconceptions. Many discussions surround the topic of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). GMOs are crops whose DNA was changed artificially. Some people believe that bioengineered fruits and vegetables pose risks to people’s health. Others say that genetic engineering improves harvest and food quality.
• Can GMOs solve world hunger? Food shortage is among the biggest problems in the world. Genetic modification may introduce crops that ripen faster, stay fresh longer, and yield a better harvest. However, these GMOs may not grow as well as natural plants. These issues are at the center of the debate around bioengineering.

🧪 Science Topics to Write About

Science Essay Topics for Middle School

• How did humans learn to measure speed and velocity?
• Everyday life examples of Newton’s 2 nd law of motion 
• Current differences in various measurements of distance
• How and why are miles different from nautical miles?
• The concept of time from antiquity to modern clocks
• How were measurements of distance developed?
• How gravity explains most of the natural phenomena on Earth 
• The history of Einstein’s theory of gravity and people who opposed it 
• The history of the 3 different systems of measuring temperature
• Which temperature unit is easier to use in daily life: Fahrenheit or Celsius?
• How can Newton’s laws of motion be explained by using household objects?
• Experimental design : how to improve the results of an experiment
• Is safety important in scientific experimentation, or does it get in the way of discovery?
• How the Earth was shaped: tectonic plates’ movement. A long time ago, the continents used to be shaped differently. Their shape depended on the direction of tectonic plates. It is believed that they once formed Pangaea—a supercontinent that broke into many pieces and created the modern continents. 
• Can humans create new continents and change the existing ones? Humans contribute to shaping the planet in many ways. Agriculture and the search for resources change the terrain, while urban development leads to climate change. Also, various islands are constructed by people from natural and artificial materials. 
• What is the air that we breathe made out of? The air in the Earth’s atmosphere is unique. It allows nature to thrive and live. Air contains more than just various gases. It also holds water and particles that affect pollution, climate, and nature’s health. 
• The layers of the atmosphere: why mountain air is different. The Earth is surrounded by an atmosphere with layers. Each of them has a different composition and pressure level. That is why people say that the air on the top of a mountain feels different. This variety affects many aspects of the natural world. 
• How the Earth is shaped today: volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Different natural phenomena contribute to changing the shape of the planet. For example, volcanic eruptions make lava spill onto land and water. Over time, this lava hardens and turns into rock. These events can create whole new landforms or destroy existing ones.
• Which animals can live in the outer layers of the atmosphere? Almost all living beings on Earth require oxygen to survive. However, some of them may need less oxygen than others. Interestingly, a small group of creatures needs almost no air. Various microorganisms can even be found as high as the troposphere. 
• The dangers of oxygen. Everybody knows that oxygen is a source of life on Earth. But it is also a part of many dangerous chemical reactions. For example, breathing in pure oxygen is harmful for the body.  
• The internal layers of Earth: their chemical composition and state. Earth’s inner structure is as layered as its atmosphere. Each component has unique properties and a different physical state. The movement of one layer can result in volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.  
• What are the purpose and special status of navigational stars? Celestial navigation means finding one’s location using stars. It is an ancient practice that is still used today. Some stars, however, play a more important role than others. They serve as marks for easy navigation. The most well-known navigational star is the Polaris, but there are many more.
• The history of weather forecasting in ancient cultures. Today, people can look at a weather forecast for weeks ahead. In ancient times, different cultures searched for the best ways of predicting the weather. Some interesting sources of information were the stars, the color of the sky, the lunar phases, and animal behavior. 

Science Essay Topics for High School Students

• Printing food: will you be able to download a pizza?
• Why are there so many programming languages?
• Can computers create meaningful and original art?
• The place of creative professions in an AI-powered future
• Is distance learning effective, or does it hinder studying? 
• Are there any alternatives to plastic that benefit the environment?
• Can everyone stay inside forever with the help of technology?
• The common mistakes that AI continues to make to this day 
• Enhancing the quality of school education with virtual reality 
• The effect of social media on building relationships and making friends
• The research of artificially produced foods and its environmental impact
• Which devices do students and teachers need to introduce into the classroom? 
• The rise of distance learning: the best methods of studying remotely 
• Is translation software equally developed for all languages of the world?
• How people in small communities can find each other with social media
• The impact of unrecyclable materials on oceans. Pollution is on the minds of many scientists today. Ocean animals are often injured or killed by plastic debris. Coral reefs and vegetation also struggle with materials that cannot be recycled. You may suggest ways of cleaning the ocean and making it a better environment for its flora and fauna.
• The use of big data in predicting people’s everyday choices. Big data refers to collecting enormous amounts of information. The data is taken from open online sources. It is then analyzed for different industries to use. How can companies use big data to predict what people need?
• How does marketing use Internet-of-Things? Marketing specialists are always searching for new technologies to explore. They want to surprise their clients and make them interested in their company’s product. The Internet-of-Things connects devices and saves valuable data. Advertisements may use this interconnectedness to their advantage.
• The differences between traditional and digital art. Many of today’s artists are skilled in using software to create art. They use digital painting programs to produce unique works. But how does digital art differ from traditional methods? What negative and positive sides does it have? 
• Why do search engines show different results for the same search term? When entering a keyword into Google, Bing, or other search engines, one can get an array of different responses. This essay can explore different companies’ strategies to provide the best answers to their users’ queries.  
• What are the disadvantages of clean energy sources? With the issue of climate change on the rise, many scientists suggest using eco-friendly energy sources. Such options have many benefits for the world. However, they also pose some risks. 
• The history of global nuclear energy development. Nuclear energy is a controversial topic among scientists. On the one hand, it is an alternative to fossil fuel use. On the other, the devastating effects of nuclear plant catastrophes expose many risks of this option. This energy source is an excellent topic for an exploratory or argumentative science essay. 
• Benefits and drawbacks of wind and solar power for everyday use. Comparisons between solar and wind power are at the center of many debates about clean energy. Both options are considered environmentally friendly, but they are very different. A compare-and-contrast essay on this topic is sure to provide many points of discussion. 
• Is it possible for people to produce more freshwater than there currently is? The freshwater supply is limited, and science searches for new ways to produce it. Some organizations collect rainwater and make it safe for consumption. Others try to invent more effective seawater filters. The goal of this search is to support the growing water demand.   
• Can science prolong our lives or even let us live forever? Many people think about mortality and try to prolong their lives. Some researchers may believe that there are ways to make people live longer by slowing down aging. A scientific essay can explore people’s search for life extension strategies.

🔭 Space Exploration Essay Topics: Science and Technology

Science and Technology Topics in Space Studies

• What is the role of NASA in space research? 
• How relevant is the problem of space debris?
• Describe the dynamics of space flights
• What is the role of dogs in space travel?  
• History and evolution of space research
• What is the purpose of planetary science?
• The first man to travel into space
• Top 10 interesting facts about space
• Explain the concept of wormholes
• Ecological problems of space exploration 
• Exploration and effects of dark matter 
• Discuss the process of human adaptation to space conditions
• What have we learned from space research over the last decade?
• How do you understand and define spacetime?
• How does the James Webb Space Telescope work?
• What are some of the most prominent contributors to space research?
• Discuss possibilities of manned trips to other planets
• The evidence that proves the existence of black holes
• What is significant about the Solar System?
• What are gravitational waves, and how can we measure them? 
• Describe the first 50 years of the space age
• Compare and contrast different space exploration techniques 
• Discuss Space Exploration Day, its origin, and relevance
• The effect of space weather on the planet Earth
• Current trends and news about space exploration
• Who are the most famous American astronauts and researchers?
• What are the benefits of space research for society?
• The use of standard candles in measuring distance in space
• What are the economic benefits of space exploration?
• What are the space programs of major countries? 
• The history of non-human animals in spacecraft testing. Before the first human was sent into space, many animals were used to test spacecraft. Some of them successfully reached their goals and returned home. Countries such as the US and USSR sent various animals into space, ranging from dogs to chimpanzees.
• What is the connection between a planet and its moons? Many planets, including the Earth, have one or several moons. In total, there are more than 200 moons in the Solar System. These natural satellites orbit their planets and influence their weather. Although Earth has only one natural satellite, the Moon , it plays a significant role in its climate. 
• The biological effects of space travel and its long-term outcomes. Astronauts who spend time in space report changes in their behavior. For example, they get accustomed to the lack of gravity on the spaceship. Their health is also affected—even a short trip leads to “space adaptation syndrome.”
• What are the prospects of exploring space beyond the Solar System? Currently, human-led expeditions aim for nearby space segments. However, robotic spacecraft and powerful telescopes help people see beyond the Solar System. Voyagers 1 and 2 are the only NASA’s spacecraft that can cross interstellar limits. They still have enough power to collect more data.
• Gravity on Earth and in the Solar System. The role of gravity on Earth is vital for every system and occurrence. A gravitational pull that keeps planets in their orbits, but gravity can do much more—it creates stars, moves matter, and heats planetary cores.
• How far have the scientists reached in their exploration of space? People’s view of the universe has expanded dramatically since the first theories about space. Now, it appears endless, and people use the best technology to see its remotest corners. The Solar System is no longer the limit of exploration, and many vital discoveries contributed to this knowledge.  
• The history of exoplanet research. Extrasolar planets (or exoplanets) move through space outside the Solar System. The first evidence of their existence appeared as early as the 1910s. However, it was confirmed scientifically only in the 1980s. Since then, researchers have discovered more than 4000 exoplanets.
• Why is Mars the primary goal of many missions? Mars is the center of space exploration news. Since 1933, NASA has led the Mars Exploration Program (MEP) to investigate the planet’s resources. It also has a solid surface that allows exploration robots to roam Mars in search of life.
• The international legacy of space exploration. During the Cold War, space exploration was a part of the US and the USSR competition. Since then, astronauts from many countries have participated in missions. Space programs have a national purpose, but cooperation between countries leads to better results.

Technology Essay Topics about Space Exploration

• History of space telescopes
• How is a sub-orbital rocket constructed?
• Describe any type of modern spacecraft
• How does a rocket engine work?
• Discuss the relevance of space weapons
• How does an artificial satellite work?
• The Cassini mission and its legacy
• The cultural impact of Curiosity rover 
• What are safety measures on spacecrafts?
• What are the modern targets of space exploration?
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of uncrewed spacecraft?
• Can space technology help to combat the avian influenza virus?
• How long will it take for a spaceship to get to a nearby planet?
• Prospects for the development of space technologies
• Who are the pioneers of rocket and space technology?
• Spacecraft classification according to their missions
• What happens at the International Space Station?
• Can space technology solve the energy crisis?
• Project Orion: origin, challenges, and its impact
• The journeys of NASA’s robotic spacecraft around and beyond Earth’s atmosphere. NASA’s history of space exploration includes many exciting expeditions. Human-led missions were grand and are remembered in history. However, unmanned probes have brought lots of information about space to NASA. They were able to collect samples for investigation and photograph remote planets. 
• Why is gravity important in space explorations? Everyone knows that astronauts live in space with no gravity. Weightlessness is an issue that affects the human body. Some space objects have gravity, but it is different from Earth’s. Understanding this aspect of space exploration is vital for designing future missions. 
• Elon Musk’s dream of building a rocket. The whole world follows the news of how scientists at Space X tried to reinvent spacecraft. They failed many times, but only to succeed and partner with NASA. Explore the timeline of their innovations in your essay.
• What is the role of experimentation in space travel improvement? Space exploration is a complicated field where a slight miscalculation can lead to dangerous results. Many space ships and probes have failed in decades of testing. That is why experimentation is a core part of exploration. Without failure, success cannot be achieved.
• How did the safety of spacecraft evolve over the years? Human spaceflights pose many dangers to the ship’s crew. People cannot survive in outer space, so the spacecraft must be safe from radiation and hostile environments. Moreover, astronauts who go into outer space or step on the surface of other planets have to be equipped to handle the harsh conditions.
• The history of communication in space. Communication between astronauts and Earth is crucial for all space missions. It is also a remedy for space travelers’ isolation from their families and loved ones. A special Space Network was developed to connect the researchers on Earth with the astronauts.  
• The successes and failures of “space gardens.” Aboard the International Space Station , astronauts have entire gardens for various vegetables and flowers. However, the process of finding how to grow these plants was long. Space researchers had to solve problems with gravity, water delivery, fertilizer intake, and much more. 
• Which technologies allowed people to mimic their daily activities in space? Even in space, people have to eat, sleep, and keep up with their hygiene. However, the lack of gravity turns these simple daily tasks into a challenge. Much of the space-related research was dedicated to creating freeze-dried food, no-rinse shampoo, and other interesting inventions to resolve this issue.
• The differences and similarities between types of spacecraft. Robotic spacecraft have unique characteristics that correspond with their missions. For example, flyby spacecraft explores the Solar System without landing. Some probes are designed to land on a planet and send data back to Earth. Others are made to penetrate the surface of a comet to measure its properties.
• How did crewless spacecraft evolve? The creation of uncrewed spacecraft has changed with the world’s technological advancement. At first, spacecraft only left the Earth’s atmosphere to observe space. Robots and rovers were eventually designed to land on other planets. These machines need to survive harsh environments to collect data. 

Space Race Essay: Scientific Topics

• Cold War, space research, and diplomacy 
• What were the consequences of the space race?
• Was the space race a result of the Cold War?  
• The failures and successes of the US in the space race
• Soviet vs. American rocket development
• Compare and contrast Sputnik and Explorer satellites
• How were space discoveries affected by the Cold War
• Timeline of space investigation during the Cold War
• How did the space race affect other spheres of scientific development?
• The state of US and USSR’s space programs after the end of the Cold War
• Why was the Moon chosen as the destination for both nations during the space race? 
• The role of US/Soviet spacecraft cooperation in reducing Cold War tensions 
• Planned trips to other planets of the Solar System during the space race
• What are the positive and negative consequences of the space race for the countries?
• How did the competition between the US and the USSR start? In the early 20 th century, the tensions between the United States and the USSR were combat-based. However, the arms race after World War II transformed it into a space race. Both nations wanted to be the first in achieving space exploration milestones.  
• Was the creation of NASA a consequence of the Cold War? NASA was established in 1958. Its earlier projects show that the space race influenced the organization. For instance, the operation Man in Space Soonest (MISS) name reveals the competitive nature of early space exploration. 
• The influence of the USSR’s space exploration achievements on American politics. The US was the first country to put a man on the Moon. Nevertheless, the USSR made several important discoveries as well. This fact undoubtedly affected American politics during and after the Cold War. It inspired political ideas rooted in scientific superiority and academic achievement.  
• What did the Apollo missions achieve? The Apollo program lasted from 1968 until 1972, including six successful missions. Some spacecraft were launched to orbit the Moon and photograph its surface. During the Apollo 11 mission, two astronauts landed and walked on the Moon.

• Did the space race contribute to other tensions between the US and USSR? The competition surrounding space exploration led to many domestic and foreign political changes. Both countries set ambitious goals and cultivated a sense of pride in their achievements. It may be argued that the space race was a continuation of a long tradition of seeking leadership in technology. 
• The first woman in space and the history of female astronauts. The story of the first man in space is well-known to most people. However, the USSR also sent the first woman, Valentina Tereshkova, into space in 1963. After that, no flights included women up until the 1980s. Nowadays, female astronauts come from many countries, but men on spacecraft crews still outnumber them.
• The role of Germany in the advancement of rocket technology in World War II. The space race usually mentions two key players—the US and the USSR. However, Germany also affected this competition during and after World War II. Missiles created in Nazi Germany showed that sub-orbital spaceflight was possible. Soviet and American rocket engineers used their military knowledge and transferred it into spacecraft design.  
• The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. In 1972, the US and USSR leaders decided to push for cooperation rather than competition in the space race. As a result, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) began its development. It was the first international mission; in 1975, two spacecraft docked in space to symbolize unity.
• How did the first men in space contribute to space exploration? Both the US and the USSR were able to send people to space. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin was the first human to fly in Earth’s orbit. In 1969, Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong landed on the Moon. Both events significantly contributed to the countries’ national development and interest in space exploration.  

Science and Technology Essay Ideas in Space Innovations

• Why should we continue space exploration? 
• How much money is spent on space research today?
• What are the future perspectives of space investigation?
• What are the major challenges in geodesy?
• The main types of space telescopes
• Is colonization of the Solar System possible?
• Should more money be invested in spacecraft innovations?
• What space innovations do you think will be invented in the future?
• Do you think humanity can survive an asteroid impact? 
• Compare and contrast the colonization of outer space planets in 2 science fiction novels
• What can the previous crashes of spacecraft teach engineers? Many of the space missions failed across the globe. Crewless probes, drones, and spacecraft with a crew can fail at any stage of the flight. However, previous unsuccessful efforts are very useful for scientists.  
• The potential for recreational space travel. Millions of people dream of going into space, but the astronaut profession is not for everyone. Recreational travel is a chance for tourists to experience space. It is a question of whether it will be possible.
• Key participants in space exploration innovations in the 21st century. In the last century, the US and USSR were the key countries in space exploration. Now, many nations contribute to innovations and develop new technologies. For example, the International Space Station (ISS) program includes Japan, Canada, Germany, and other countries. 
• Elon Musk’s reusable rockets. Currently, most spacecraft cannot be reused for space missions. Many factors lead to aircraft degradation, making it dangerous for second use. One of the goals of Space X, created by Elon Musk, is to develop fully-reusable spacecraft. 
• The ideas of space colonization in movies: are any of them realistic? Films such as The Martian , Interstellar , and Alien introduce exciting ideas about space travel. Although they are fictional, they may depict certain devices or scenarios that will be real in the future.
• What are the reasons behind people’s renewed interest in space travel? The end of the Cold War also marked diminished interest in space exploration. For some years, people didn’t pay much attention to it. However, now it appears that the passion for exploration has been sparked again. Many countries are currently working on their own spacecraft, and people see Mars as the new destination to conquer.
• Space drones and other crewless spacecraft for interplanetary exploration. Scientists were able to create various spacecraft to go beyond the limits of the Solar System. One of the latest ideas is to make interplanetary drones that will leave the Earth and gather information in a new way.
• Does the Moon present any potential for travel and colonization? Historically, the Moon landings are considered to be outstanding achievements. Now, the Moon is again the center of discussions. You can explore interesting concepts for colonizing the Moon.
• Technological advancements in creating safe and comfortable spacesuits for different environments. Space travel requires scientists to develop spacesuits that protect people from various harsh environments. For example, landing on Mars would require a suit that withstands great and rapid temperature changes.

💡 Science and Technology Essay Topics: Other Ideas

• The new Face ID technology: is it a revolutionary invention?
• What will technical schools look like in the future?
• Is the human brain more productive than a computer? 
• The temperature on the surface of exoplanets
• Thomas Edison’s contribution to technological advancements
• How do sun rays affect people’s health?
• Revolutionary technologies and famous inventions from Japan 
• Technologies that make driving safer
• How will people study exact sciences in the future?
• New technologies in modern architecture  
• Stephen Hawking’s black holes hypothesis
• Is there a possibility that people’s manual labor might not be necessary for any manufacturing processes in the future?
• Do new technologies influence people’s appearance? How do they do it? 
• What would today’s world be like without cellphones and computers? 
• What could Leonardo da Vinci possibly invent in the 21 st century?  
• Will professions that don’t require the human factor remain in demand in several decades? 
• What impact do new technologies have on people’s beliefs and personal philosophies?  
• New technologies and equipment that helps farmers during the wheat harvest
• Will hover drones replace helicopters in the future? 
• What are the top 5 alternative energy sources?
• What technologies should be implemented to stop pollution on Earth? 
• Social media’s impact on the populations of different countries 
• If people colonize Mars, what means of communication between two planets might be fast enough to share information? 
• How can the problem of lack of Internet connection in some parts of the world be solved? 
• A scientific approach to the problem of alcoholism 
• NASA’s space projects that will be realized in the next decade
• Spheres in which computer technologies cannot replace human workers 
• The history of computers: how was the first computer invented?
• A scientific approach to global warming: the most efficient methods of the catastrophe prevention
• Useful features in the new generation of computers and smartphones 
• Ernest Rutherford’s scientific career and achievements
• The most technologically advanced country in the world
• Technologies implemented for cleaning the oceans from garbage 
• Innovative methods of charging electronic devices 
• Scientific research in spaceships: are travels at light speed possible?
• Modern automobiles and technologies that help drivers control their vehicles
• The furthest object that humanity managed to observe with the help of a telescope
• Is teleportation possible, or should people stop spending money on its development?
• The most ridiculous and useless scientific experiments
• The human brain and a computer: differences and similarities 
• Gravity, temperature, and living conditions on the Moon
• What can be possibly found at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean? Will humanity ever reach its deepest point?
• Technologies used in nursing for delivering appropriate medication to patients in hospital settings
• Scientific research on the topic of protecting nature and the environment: ecologic technologies and policies
• Does the popular minimalist movement contribute to new technologies in any way?
• The tallest plants on Earth and where they grow
• Innovative technologies in producing and reserving electricity all over the world 
• New technologies that prevent ships from falling over during storms
• Apple’s approach to the safety of their clients’ personal data
• How will the Solar System’s planets’ orbits change in the next century?
• The universe: how big can it possibly be?
• Nanotechnologies used in medicine to heal people with AIDS and cancer
• Earth’s collision with an asteroid in approximately 600 years: actual threat or a hoax?
• Is it ever going to be possible for humanity to travel outside the limits of our galaxy?
• Will humans terraform Mars instead of saving the Earth from an ecological catastrophe?
• Use of nanotechnologies in reducing the amount of garbage on the planet 
• New technologies in sports and how will they influence people’s health
• Modern bicycles with reduced risk of accidents on the roads 
• The safest means of transport in the world 
• Virtual reality and its use in art 
• Can disabled people live a full life with the help of virtual reality?
• The best way to travel across the universe and galaxies
• Robots and their use in the mining industry 
• Is there a possibility of human clones’ production?
• The most impressive innovations that people expect scientists to develop in the next century
• Nanotechnologies in biology: Is it possible that people might install microchips in their heads to record every memory and valuable data? 
• Is it necessary to support human brain activities with the help of technology?
• Social media vs. television: will people stop watching TV altogether?
• New technologies in education: what new methods of teaching and studying might be helpful in colleges and universities?
• How does the world of electronic devices influence people’s relationships with one another?
• A new trend in Japan: marriages with virtual characters
• The effectiveness of physical exercises supported by new technologies
• How long does it take scientists to develop a vaccine against a virus that emerged unexpectedly? 
• The diffusion of the Ebola virus and various methods of its prevention in healthy people
• Benefits of the 3D printing technology in healthcare 
• In what ways did computers change people’s lives? 
• Products that make people’s night rests healthier and their daily activities more productive
• The environmental pollution’s impact on people’s health: toxic gases, dirty water, and GMO foods
• New technologies that help pilots control and land the aircrafts 
• The role of drones in the modern world: how can people use this technology to save finances and prevent traffic jams?
• Vehicles of the future: how will people travel in several decades? 
• What technologies should scientists develop for people to survive on Mars? 
• New technologies’ impact on people’s health, lifestyle, and values
• The technology of controlling computers and mobile phones using only brain activity
• New technologies that balance people’s nervous systems and prevent stresses 
• Nanotechnologies in ophthalmology: helping children with visual impairments
• People’s mental health and how modern devices influence it
• New technologies in sustainability: recycling methods
• China’s rapid development: technologies that the country uses for its economic system’s growth
• Ways of producing oxygen on Mars in the future 

• Technologies that filter water and make it suitable for consumption
• Apps and programs for effective remote work 
• Oil drilling technologies and their impact on the environment
• How will the Internet change in 100 years, and what technology might replace the World Wide Web in the future?
• Apps and programs that help students in accomplishing and organizing scientific research 
• The advantages of using the cloning technologies in household cares 
• Undesirable outcomes of people’s dependency on their electronic devices: computers, mobile phones, and gaming consoles 
• New technologies in language learning: innovative methods to expand one’s vocabulary 
• New technologies used for transplanting vital organs
• The role of video games in people’s lives
• The possible harm that robots might cause to humanity 
• Is it possible to travel through time, and what technologies might help develop a time machine? 
• How ecological fuel that might replace natural gas, petrol, and diesel 
• Perpetual motion machine: attempts of different scientists to create an engine with endless resources of energy 
• Technologies that Americans use daily 
• Scientific inventions or decisions that might save the world from an ecological catastrophe
• How far can people travel from Earth in outer space? 
• Automobiles’ aerodynamic qualities and how they have changed since the 1950s 
• How do technologies change people’s mentalities and cultures?
• What is the purpose of inventing new warfare technologies if some countries have enough power to destroy our planet? 
• The impact of new technologies on military establishment and relationships among countries
• Does the Internet make people more intelligent, or is it the other way round? 
• Technologies restricted by law in the territory of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
• Do Internet search engines such as Google, Ask, and Bing make people less attentive to what they learn? 
• If new software requires more memory space on computers, how many terabytes will an average user need to work online in 20 years?
• How can robots help humanity to increase people’s daily productivity?
• New Apple devices that can change people’s lives 
• Alternative ways of finding and sharing necessary information in the future
• Will robots coexist with people in 100 years?
• Will translation software ever be able to replace professional interpreters? 
• How can robots and other programmed machines provide medical treatment to hospital patients? 
• New technologies in the taxi business
• Is technological progress a good thing, or should we deliberately slow it down? 
• What technologies cause harm to the environment, Earth’s population, and the oceans?
• Technologies in the tattoo business: the most effective methods of putting colored pigments under the skin 
• Does the US government use any technologies that allow them to wiretap people’s private calls? Is it ethical?
• What technologies should be implemented to create wireless access to the Internet worldwide?
• Do values of contemporary people focus on new technologies more than on everything else?
• What technologies should be implemented to reduce the possibility of overpopulation on Earth? 
• Are electric cars more cost-effective and productive than vehicles that run on gasoline, diesel, and natural gas? 
• Do Face ID and Touch ID technologies protect people’s data from hackers?
• Can any technology reduce the time required for night rests?
• How intelligent are dolphins and whales? 
• Newly emerged research areas and branches of science
• The role of synthetic biology in medicine
• Bionics: the main principles and purposes of the new science
• Nutrigenomics: food values and other factors that influence people’s health
• The main principles and objectives of the memetics study
• Neuroeconomics: the ability of the human brain to make wise decisions
• Sonocytology: the study of the sounds and impulses that the human cells make
• Technologies that help people socialize and rehabilitate after long-term
• How can zero gravity in outer space be used for people’s benefit?
• Which countries are known for their achievements in the sphere of chemistry? 
• Leading countries in the sphere of technology.
• How long will it take Earth to restore all its resources and energy consumed by humanity?
• Machine learning in restaurant and hotel businesses: Improved methods of cooperating with clients
• The ethics of implanting microchips in animals
• AI in online shopping: is it cost-efficient regarding both time and money? 
• New technologies that reduce various health risks in polluted areas
• Innovative methods of completing medical operations are more accurate and reduce the possibilities of unfortunate outcomes
• Process automation aimed at cleaning eggs and removing bacteria from the natural products’ surfaces
• How can the implantation of microchips in the human brain help paralyzed individuals?
• Autopilot installed in heavy trucks
• Payment systems that require people’s eye or face scans: is this technology safer than ordinary passwords?
• Camera options that allow people to film in the 360-degree mode
• Solar batteries and their significance in the modern age
• Smart computers that don’t require a person’s intervention to complete tasks or collect information
• Robotic chefs: the device’s functions and other options that make cooking easier
• The technology of modular phones: why did the idea of creating a phone that consists of multiple blocks fail?
• VR technology that might allow people to feel and touch virtual objects  
• Water recycling technology that filters the water people use for showering 
• Advanced fishing technologies: sensors, drones, and artificial intelligence 
• Gyroscope and various devices based on its working principle
• New technologies in web design
• Newton circle and its spheres of use
• Scientific facts that prove the existence of other life forms in the outer space
• Active volcanoes that can erupt at any moment: preventative technologies and safety measures
• Technologies that make people healthy and fit without effort: are they possible?
• Augmented reality use in the cosmetics business 
• Potential branches of science that might lead to the creation of new occupations in the future
• The most valuable resource on Earth and technological methods of its extraction
• Internet-of-Things: how is it used in agriculture?
• Synthetic foods: do they contain any nutritional components?
• What technologies can help people reduce the cost of utilities? 
• Entertainment: how will VR technologies influence people’s hobbies in the future?
• How long will it take people to travel between Earth and Mars?
• The temperature on Mars: is it possible for humans to survive on the Red Planet without additional heating devices?
• What will people eat on Mars, and how will they get their food?
• Professions that humanity might need on Mars during colonization
• Messages sent by society in outer space: will they ever be answered?
• If there are other forms of life in different galaxies, how will humans understand and contact them?
• Satellites on our planet’s orbit: what do these devices do, and why are they important for people? 
• Is it possible for a human being to stay in a deep freeze for an extended period?
• What do cosmonauts research and observe in the orbit of Earth?
• The main problems of modern science: what issues are scientists trying to solve?
• How dangerous can new technologies be for our environment?
• How do different professions change and improve due to technological development?
• Ethical aspects of genetic engineering for humans
• Egyptian pyramids: technologies that ancient Egyptians used to build their pharaohs’ graves 
• Contemporary achievements in genetics 
• How have helicopters developed since the 1950s?
• Controversial issues of stem cell research
• German technologies in road building: how is it possible to build a high-quality road for decades?
• Wireless technologies that maternity hospitals use 
• What is antimatter, and how can it be used in the medical field?
• How has technology changed our lives compared to people living a century ago? 
• The technology you cannot live without 
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering? 
• Experiments on humans: can they be justified for the sake of science development?
• Can alternative energy technologies provide humanity with sustainable energy resources?
• What technologies can limit the adverse human impact on the environment?
• Smart devices that can help you reduce your carbon footprint
• Is there a connection between human activity and natural disasters? 
• Military technology advancement: a way to safety or a global threat?
• Robot army: a scene from a movie or our near future?
• Science and technology for personal safety
• Advances in science and technology for cybersecurity 
• Development of technologies for safe online purchases

📝 Science and Technology Essay Prompts

Writing science and technology essays might be a challenging task. Our essay prompts are here to inspire you. Keep reading to make your essay writing even more effortless.

Science in Everyday Life Essay Prompt

Every day we are surrounded by marvelous inventions that can be described in your paper:

• Anything made of plastic. Today numerous industries rely on the production of plastic, from packaging and electronics to aerospace and industrial engineering.
• Anything charged with electricity. The work of people like Alessandro Volta or Andre-Marie Ampere lies at the foundation of the electrical industry.
• Any food item in front of you. Science has revolutionized our approach to food cultivation and raised agricultural productivity to a new level.
• Any modern medicine. At the end of the 18th century, scientist Edward Jenner established that vaccination works. And in the 19th century, the germ theory of disease emerged, which saved millions of lives over two hundred years.

Technology in the Future Essay Prompt

If you choose to write a paper about technology in the future, you can consider describing the following technologies:

• Vision-improving technology . Artificial cornea or iris can provide vision to people with impairments.
• Small living robots . These robots can deliver medicine to different body parts or collect microplastic from the oceans.
• Internet everywhere . Companies such as Google or Facebook use helium balloons, drones, microsatellites, and other technology to provide the Internet to inaccessible areas.
• Dairy products made in a lab . Biotech companies are searching for a way to make dairy products more available and less damaging to the environment. There are already some lab-made dairy products available in the US.

Interest in Science Essay Prompt

If you wish to tell about your interest in science or make your reader interested in it, take a look at these ideas:

• Factors that influence one’s attitude towards science. You can analyze reasons for students’ interest or indifference towards science.
• Parents’ role in children’s attitude towards science. Discuss how parents, their social status, or education level affect their children’s interests.
• How does one’s faith affect their perception of science? Some religious beliefs don’t support scientific ideas about life and the universe.

Importance of Science Essay Prompt

Science is essential for our society, environment, and many other parts of our lives. In your essay about the importance of science, you can include the following points:

• Science is solving the mysteries of our universe. One of the main goals of science is to gain knowledge about the world. It helps us understand different phenomena and find solutions to numerous problems.
• How science benefits society . Science is also used to improve our life quality. Education and knowledge allow us to make our lives easier and more enjoyable.
• The way science helps solve global challenges . Health, agriculture, and other spheres rely on science. Governments also use science to combat issues, such as climate change.

✍️ How to Write a Scientific Essay

To achieve academic prowess in science and technology studies, you will need to get good at writing scientific essays. Here are the general principles of essay writing:

Essay on Science and Technology Outline

The structure of a science and technology essay remains the same as basically any other essay type. It includes the following points:

Science & Technology Essay Introduction

In your introduction, you should make your reader interested in your topic. Start with a hook, and don’t forget to include some background information. You can consult our article about writing a good introduction for more info.

An introduction of a science and technology essay about the disadvantages of space exploration can look like that:

Space exploration’s contribution to environmental science is impossible to deny. However, it might also be damaging to the environment itself. Space exploration produces hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide that contribute to global warming.

Thesis Statement about Technology & Science

Close your introduction with a thesis to state the main point of your essay. Make sure to support your point with evidence throughout the text.

There should be ways to make space exploration less damaging to the environment since the pollution caused by it is getting worse every year.

Science and Technology Essay Body

The body paragraphs are the central part of your essay. There you show your investigation results and support them with solid arguments. Don’t forget to open each of the paragraphs with a topic sentence that can let your reader know the main idea of the passage (you can learn more from this article about topic sentences by Rochester Institute of Technology.)

Aluminum oxide particles produced during rocket launches absorb the radiation and contribute to global warming. NASA uses fuel that consists of aluminum powder and ammonium perchlorate in their solid booster rockets. They form aluminum oxide when combined. As a result, these rocket launches are damaging to the environment and are one of the causes of climate change and global warming.

Science and Technology Essay Conclusion

The conclusion closes your essay by restating your thesis statement and making your reader want to dive further into your topic. Keep in mind that just saying that “more research on the subject is required” is not what the conclusion should be about. Make sure to include plenty of details in addition to summarizing the articles.

To sum up, although space exploration allows us to know more about our universe and makes our life easier, it also negatively affects the environment. Less damaging ways are needed in order for us to continue gaining knowledge and improving our life quality without hurting our planet.

Choosing Topics Related to Science and Technology

The field of science and technology is so broad that it is not very easy to decide on good science and technology topics right away. That is why we will explain the main issues to pay attention to while picking out a topic for your scientific essay:

• It must be interesting for you as a writer;
• It should be of current importance for readers;
• It has to shed light on some scientific innovations.

If you consider these three points, you’ll have an excellent opportunity to succeed in writing your essays on science and technology.

If you feel lost and unsure what is a worthy topic, try thinking about something down-to-earth and present in our daily lives. For more tips on choosing good topics, check out some brainstorming techniques in our Guide to Academic Writing or use our topic generator .

Scientific Essay: Bonus Tips

• Be sure you correctly understand the chosen problem.
• Formulate your sentences well.
• Use linking phrases within paragraphs and the text as a whole.
• Ensure that your text is cohesive and logical.
• Write in a language that would be clear even to an audience of non-professionals.
• Mind the tone and wording of your technology essay.
• Be careful not to make mistakes in spelling, grammar, style, and format.
• Sound formal but not moralizing.
• Foresee possible questions from your readers and answer them beforehand.
• Call your readers to action and push them toward an adequate response.

Although essays might be one of the most common writing assignments, our free tips are here to make your studies even more enjoyable! We hope the information presented here will help you create an excellent scientific essay. Let us know what you think about our guide in the comments below!

Further reading:

• Funny Informative Speech Topics and Ideas for Presentation
• A List of Informative Speech Topics: Best Creative Topic Ideas
• Good Informative Speech Topics: How to Get Thunders of Applause
• Social Studies Topics for Your Research Project
• Satirical Essay Examples and Best Satire Essay Topics
• Evidence: UNC Writing Center
• What Is STS: Harvard University
• An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies: London’s Global University
• What is the Study of STS? Stanford University
• Science and Technology: Gale
• Essay Structure: Ashford Writing Center
• 100 Technology Topics for Research Papers: Owlcation
• A CS Research Topic Generator: Purdue University
• Research Topics List: NASA
• 11 of The Biggest Innovations Shaping The Future of Spaceflight Today: Insider
• Space Exploration Timeline: ALIC
• Science and Technology: Academia
• Modern Technology: ScienceDirect
• Are Space Launches Bad for the Environment?: Science Focus
• The Future of Space Exploration: University of Central Florida
• The Space Race: Digital History
• Sputnik, 1957: United States Department of State
• Space Exploration and Innovation: UNOOSA
• Benefits of Science: University of California, Berkeley
• Technology in Space Exploration and Beyond: Experimental College
• US Views of Technology and the Future: Pew Research Center
• The Development of Interest in Science: NCBI
• Science for Society: UNESCO
• Science and Technology: RAND
• The Relationship between Science and Technology: ScienceDirect
• Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) and Culture for Sustainable Development and The MDGs: United Nations
• Religion and Science: The Atlantic
• Writing the Scientific Paper: Colorado State University
• International Space Station: Facts, History & Tracking: Space.com: NASA, Space Exploration and Astronomy News
• Screaming Yeast: Sonocytology, Cytoplasmic Milieus, and Cellular Subjectivities: University of Chicago
• What is Nanotechnology?: University of Wisconsin–Madison
• 5 Influential NASA Inventions: Ohio University
• GMO Crops, Animal Food, and Beyond: US Food and Drug Administration
• Hydroponics: Oklahoma State University
• The Science of Virtual Reality: The Franklin Institute
• How Important Is Technology in Education? Benefits, Challenges, and Impact on Students: American University, Washington, DC.
• What was Pangea?: USGS
• Renewable Energy Explained: US Energy Information Administration
• Deep Space Communication and Navigation: European Space Agency
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Well, I like your tips and suggestions, but please give us some topics that are related to our issues nowadays. Also, give us some specific and eye-catching title to help us with our article. Thank you : )

Excellent post. I’m going through a few of these issues as well.

I hope to write my Science and Technology essay successfully. I read your post and think to complete my essay on Science and Technology without any problems.

Fascinating topics for my essay on Science and Technology! Hm, don’t know which one to choose for my paper… but now this is not a big problem) Thanks!

Essay on Science and Technology for Students in 1300 Words

In this article, we have published an essay on science and technology for students in 1300 words.

Scientific advances picked up their full tilt in the 20th generation and became more rapid in the 21st generation. We are now entering a new century with structures for the benefit of new ways or men.

Table of Contents

Throughout the world’s history, science may have come a long way. Some of the elements we know about are the discovery of a person’s evolution. Science was instrumental in providing people with answers in common questions as well as providing solutions to many of the issues we face each day.

It also helps its employer to limit the number of losses caused by paying more money for manual labor, and that this helps since machines will also be extremely efficient and price-effective.

Aspects of Science & Technology

Likewise, science and technology also influenced the scientific and agriculture sectors. The numerous treatments that are found for illnesses have saved millions of lives by research. The development has improved the output of different crops to the advantage of farmers in large part.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Science and Technology

Use apps, you can find your daily work simpler. You need to learn about every division of existence, such as industry, schooling, safety, and connectivity, etc. and figure out how to use and utilize technology.

Disadvantages

Science & technology in india.

India is in negotiations all over the planet since before the British rule. Since freedom, it is the modern technology that enabled India to progress over time. It has become a vital hub of innovative and ground-breaking scientific advances around the globe. In other terms, the Indian economy has been boosted by all the tremendous scientific and technological achievements of our world.

The implementation of academic research, innovations, and methods in the education field also brought a massive shift in the future generation but has provided several new and creative opportunities in their very own interest.

Looking at the most recent accomplishment, India has launched Chandrayaan 2. The lunar discovery of India also received critical acclaim from around the globe. Once again, success has been made possible by scientific and technological.

The Bottom Line

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July 12, 2021

The Next 75 Years of US Science and Innovation Policy: An Introduction

By Robert W. Conn , Michael M. Crow , Cynthia M. Friend , Marcia McNutt

In the future, science and technology will be called upon to address many challenges, from pandemics to climate change to food and water shortages to crises that cannot be foreseen today. Scientific research must be structured to meet society’s needs.

A discussion of

Since the end of World War II, a particular conception of the relationship between scientific research and societal benefits has dominated US science and technology policy. As laid out in Vannevar Bush’s seminal 1945 report, Science, the Endless Frontier , the federal government, by funding basic research at the nation’s universities and independent research institutions, would generate both new scientific knowledge and the skilled practitioners needed to apply that knowledge to societal problems, thereby ensuring “our health, prosperity, and security as a nation in the modern world.”

The vision at the heart of Science, the Endless Frontier— that society would benefit from new knowledge and should therefore support the generation of that knowledge—has been abundantly realized. Research conducted by America’s universities and independent research institutions on behalf of the federal government has opened pathways to improved living standards, public health, and national security not only in the United States but around the world. However, science and the broader society in which science is embedded have changed radically over the past three-quarters of a century. Even as new scientific discoveries and new and innovative technologies have spurred economic growth and reduced poverty worldwide, wealth, learning, and opportunity remain available to far too small a proportion of humanity. The development of new medical treatments and procedures has extended life spans but has not prevented massive inequities in health care and health outcomes, as has been starkly revealed during the current COVID-19 pandemic. A central debate in the years after World War II—how best to structure scientific research to meet human needs—remains a work in progress in this world of accelerating change.

The 75th anniversary of Science, the Endless Frontier , combined with the particularly complex and turbulent events of recent years, has created a valuable opportunity to consider the science and technology policies we will need for the next 75 years. Scientific research today is much more complex, multidisciplinary, collaborative, and transnational—and often occurs at a much more rapid pace—than in the past. Researchers are studying a much broader range of issues, including problems that science-based technologies have exacerbated. China now spends approximately the same amount on research and development as the United States and substantially more than the countries of the European Union (see NSF data ). Today, new knowledge travels rapidly around the world to institutions and to individuals who are ready, capable, and eager to apply that knowledge. The challenge for national governments is to develop and implement policies that enable countries to benefit from the assimilation of new knowledge to enhance productivity, national well-being, and new ways of doing things.

Universities and the federal funding of academic research are adapting to these and other changes, yet they still bear many hallmarks of an earlier age. Much of the research and teaching done in colleges and universities still occurs within disciplinary silos and adheres to the single principal investigator model, though this model can and does contribute ideas that serve as seeds for larger, more robust collaborative research efforts. Professors train PhD students to replace themselves despite a paucity of jobs and opportunities in academia. And an educational system designed to produce new scientists and engineers does far too little to help students in other fields gain an understanding and appreciation of science and the methods of science.

The 75th anniversary of Science, the Endless Frontier , combined with the particularly complex and turbulent events of recent years, has created a valuable opportunity to consider the science and technology policies we will need for the next 75 years.

Science and technology will be called upon to address many challenges during the next 75 years and beyond, from future pandemics to climate change to food and water shortages to crises that cannot be foreseen today. At the same time, the great accomplishments of the past 75 years in extending life spans, reducing poverty, avoiding another world war, feeding a growing population, and connecting the world electronically provide a solid foundation on which to build. We will need every bit of knowledge, reason, and creativity we can muster to overcome the challenges of the twenty-first century. This means we must draw upon all of the determination and ingenuity available in society today. We must find better mechanisms for incorporating the public’s outlooks and needs into research, while also reducing barriers to participation in the science and technology enterprise, to capitalize on the diversity of ideas and talent available across the globe. Nevertheless, we have every reason to believe that the human story will be one of continued progress made possible, in large part, by the application of new discoveries in science and technology to help solve human and societal problems. 

A Guide to the Future of US Science and Innovation Policy

Over the next year, Issues in Science and Technology , with support from The Kavli Foundation, will publish a series of articles chosen for their potential to shape the next 75 years of US science and innovation policy. Under the series title “The Next 75 Years of Science Policy,” the articles will appear first online in a dedicated space at Issues.org . A diverse group of authors will explore what is working well, what is not, and what needs to change. A special print edition of Issues in 2022 will compile selected articles from the series to inform the future of science and innovation policymaking.

This series of articles appears against the backdrop of many recent reports on US science, technology, and innovation policy. While these reports differ in their emphases, they exhibit several common themes designed to steer science and technology policy in more productive directions. Ten reports spanning three years, 2019 through 2021, are exemplars; their recommendations are shown in Table 1. The degree of commonality across these ten reports is remarkable. 

Table 1 . Common themes present in ten recent reports on US science, technology, and innovation policy published between 2019 and 2021. 

A Renewed Emphasis on Outcomes

Perhaps the most common of these themes is the call for much greater attention to accelerating the generation of new knowledge as well as the application of that knowledge to human needs. As the 2020 report Competing in the Next Economy: The New Age of Innovation from the National Commission on Innovation & Competitiveness Frontiers put it, “There are deficiencies in the U.S. innovation ecosystem, barriers in developing and scaling new technologies, too many Americans locked out of the innovation sector due to inadequate opportunity, education and skills, and insufficient U.S. leadership in the international developments that are setting the stage and rules for the next global economy.”

To better assimilate new knowledge into products and processes that solve human problems, many reports have called for increased federal funding of what is variously called use-inspired basic research, outcomes-oriented research, needs-oriented research, societally responsive research, applied research, and translational research. The shared element is that such research not only increases scientific knowledge but is linked from the outset to practical issues. Such research, according to the 2019 report Public Impact Research: Engaged Universities Making the Difference by the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities, “clearly and directly connects the investment of taxpayer dollars to public benefit.”

To better assimilate new knowledge into products and processes that solve human problems, many reports have called for increased federal funding of what is variously called use-inspired basic research, outcomes-oriented research, needs-oriented research, societally responsive research, applied research, and translational research.

Of course the line between basic research carried out to understand nature and research motivated by the need for solutions to practical problems is blurred and changes over time. An outstanding recent example is the development of highly innovative vaccines to counter the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Less than a year elapsed between the genetic sequencing of the virus and the Food and Drug Administration’s emergency authorization of vaccines that use messenger RNA to generate antiviral immune responses. 

The long-standing debate over how to direct and structure research funding raises fundamental questions: How can increased funding for research best promote synergies between the advancement of fundamental understanding and the solution of practical problems? What institutional arrangements and incentives have proven most effective in achieving such synergies? How should public sector and private sector efforts best be linked for mutual benefit?

Greater Funding for Research and Development

Another common theme of recent reports is that the federal government is spending too little on research and development. The 2020 report The Perils of Complacency: America at a Tipping Point in Science & Engineering from the Committee on New Models for US Science and Technology Policy recommended that the federal government increase its funding of basic research from 0.2 percent of the US gross domestic product (GDP) to 0.3 percent. The 2020 Science and Technology Action Plan from the Science & Technology Action Committee called for doubling total federal expenditures on research and development from 0.7 percent to 1.4 percent of GDP over five years. Innovation and National Security: Keeping Our Edge , a 2019 report from the Council on Foreign Relations, urged federal funding for research and development to be returned to its historical average as a proportion of GDP, implying an increase from about $150 billion to $230 billion annually (in 2018 dollars).

Economic analyses indicate that these funding increases would more than pay for themselves in economic growth, public health, and defense preparedness. Nevertheless, the funding increases proposed in recent reports are dauntingly large. Boosting federal R&D from 0.7 to 1.4 percent of GDP would increase federal expenditures by about $150 billion per year. 

Policies designed to maximize the advantage to the United States of research funding would look different today than they did in 1945. What is the optimal size of overall research funding in the United States, and what proportions of that funding should come from government, industry, philanthropies, and university endowments? How can research funding from government be increased despite competition from other priorities? How does the science enterprise need to evolve and adapt, so funding increases translate into desired long-term outcomes?  

Balancing the Risks and Benefits of International Collaboration

The United States has benefited greatly by fostering openness and international collaboration in science. The openness of the US innovation system has enabled researchers to stay at the frontiers of knowledge and has attracted to the United States international students and researchers who have made major contributions to the economy and society. The 2020 report America and the International Future of Science from the American Academy of Arts & Sciences states the common theme: “The benefits of international scientific collaboration for the United States and the world are substantial and growing and far outweigh the risks they can present.”

Global competition for talent in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, the so-called STEM subjects, and increased difficulties in securing visas are also making it harder for the United States to attract international researchers.

But national security and intellectual property interests require that some controls be exerted on the international flows of information and people. As other countries—China in particular—have greatly increased R&D funding, science and technology capabilities, and research outputs, the United States is no longer in a dominant position. While US policymakers have a few options for influencing the actions of other countries, it is far more important that they turn their attention to determining how to “strengthen U.S. innovation capabilities in a robust and sustained way,” as stated in the 2020 report Meeting the China Challenge: A New American Strategy for Technology Competition from the 21st Century China Center at the University of California, San Diego.

Global competition for talent in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, the so-called STEM subjects, and increased difficulties in securing visas are also making it harder for the United States to attract international researchers. How can US policies best balance collaboration with competition? How can the United States continue to attract the best and brightest from abroad but remain secure? What are the best ways to control the flow of sensitive information without unduly restricting the openness on which scientific research depends?

Developing a Twenty-First Century STEM Workforce

Part of the social contract described in Science, the Endless Frontier is that federal support of university research would “encourage and enable a larger number of young men and women of ability to take up science as a career.” The successful achievement of this goal was one of the greatest legacies of Bush’s report. But the link between research funding and the preparation of a skilled workforce has weakened. Other countries channel much greater percentages of their young people into the study of STEM subjects. 

Attracting, retaining, and developing more US STEM students require a wide-ranging and comprehensive approach, including enhanced educational and training program design from childhood on, as well as attention to undergraduates and graduates through academic and career advising, mentoring, research and internship opportunities, financial support for students going into high-demand sectors, and transitional programs into professions. In general, STEM education needs to become more individualized, student-centered, and holistic, rather than primarily representing the interests of the institutions involved. 

Attracting, retaining, and developing more US STEM students requires a wide-ranging and comprehensive approach, including enhanced educational and training program design from childhood on, as well as attention to undergraduates and graduates.

The need to individualize can be seen particularly in the need to better support individuals who use science and technology in their jobs but do not have a bachelor’s degree, a “critical, but often overlooked segment of our STEM-capable workforce,” according to the 2019 report The Skilled Technical Workforce: Crafting America’s Science & Engineering Enterprise from the National Science Board.

Likewise, at the graduate level, according to the 2018 report Graduate STEM Education for the 21st Century from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, universities need to “shift from the current system that focuses primarily on the needs of institutions of higher education and those of the research enterprise itself to one that is student centered , placing greater emphasis and focus on graduate students as individuals with diverse needs and challenges.” 

A further challenge, as underscored by the National Science Board’s Vision 2030 , is that the members of groups underrepresented in STEM often do not get sufficient career development and opportunities, leading to marginalization and attrition. As The Perils of Complacency report observed, “If not addressed, this failure to attract historically underrepresented groups will continue to further hamper U.S. efforts to strengthen America’s STEM workforce.”

The changes that are required at the university level are mirrored in structural and pedagogical barriers encountered by younger learners. Today, STEM subjects continue to be taught in K–12 and entry-level undergraduate classes mostly as collections of isolated facts with little real-world context. Classes typically fail to convey the rich interconnections among STEM subjects and between these subjects and the rest of human knowledge. Students, typically working individually rather than in the teams that characterize so much STEM activity, get little exposure to the creativity and innovation at the heart of these fields. They are more likely to get a sense of the dynamism of STEM subjects from experiential activities such as science clubs, math teams, and robotics competitions. Projects such as the Association of American Universities’ Undergraduate STEM Education Initiative and the National Academies’ Reshaping Graduate STEM Education for the 21st Century have proposed cultural changes to improve the quality of undergraduate teaching and learning and to prepare students to translate their knowledge into impact in multiple careers, respectively.

Classes typically fail to convey the rich interconnections among STEM subjects and between these subjects and the rest of human knowledge.

A major concern, reflected in many reports, is the need to attract more underrepresented groups, including women, to the STEM workforce by reforming the culture and structures of educational institutions. Among them is a recent call from a National Academies committee, in its 2020 report Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine , for “systemic change in the STEMM [STEM plus Medicine] enterprise in an effort to mitigate structural inequities, bias, discrimination, and harassment that a substantial body of literature demonstrates significantly undermines the education and careers of women.” There are also calls to address, at a fundamental level, the systemic barriers and intolerable behavior that lead to racism and sexism (as discussed in the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s report Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine ). 

What policy apparatuses can we use to incentivize, encourage, and retain all talent in STEM? What institutional changes are needed to ensure the workforce can develop needed skills and remain responsive to the changing needs of employers? 

Engaging the Public in Research

Despite the centrality of technology and the knowledge enterprise to American life, the public has few ways of influencing either applied or basic research agendas. Vast numbers of citizens are left out of the process of making decisions about everything from how research funding is allocated, to which issues are studied, to how new technologies are regulated—a problem that is particularly acute for disadvantaged groups and communities. While Science, the Endless Frontier implied that knowledge flows one way, from creators to recipients, we now know that knowledge creation and knowledge use are tightly interwoven and interconnected processes. 

As Cristin Dorgelo, then with the Association of Science and Technology Centers, observed in The Endless Frontier: The Next 75 Years in Science , engaging the public in science requires building an infrastructure to harness the tools and the processes of answering questions and applying those answers in a way that addresses community priorities, not just the priorities of those inside the system. These tools and processes range widely, from developing scientific literacy, to citizens commissions, to laboratory open houses, to much greater outreach by government agencies. 

While Science, the Endless Frontier implied that knowledge flows one way, from creators to recipients, we now know that knowledge creation and knowledge use are tightly interwoven and interconnected processes. 

The American Academy of Arts & Sciences’ 2020 report The Public Face of Science in America: Priorities for the Future suggests several mechanisms to improve the connection between science and the public, including engaging the social and behavioral sciences in the effort. The practices of researchers also need to change to provide for transparency, trust, and the meaningful incorporation of public input into research.

How can the public provide feedback in the priorities of scientific research, including basic science? What mechanisms can be instituted to better understand the implications of science’s applications in society? When might public engagement be valuable for actually helping to conceptualize research questions and choose methodologies? How can policy, such as criteria for awarding federal research funds, be used as a lever to encourage and support scientists to more meaningfully connect with the public?  

A Groundwork for Analysis

Science, the Endless Frontier appeared at a time of great optimism but also great uncertainty. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki occurred a few weeks after the report’s release, ending World War II but radically transforming the environment in which future scientific research and technology development would occur. US troops, still scattered around the world, were beginning to come home, but new threats from the Soviet Union and its allies were already emerging.

We invite you to join us in exploring these issues and sharing policy ideas that will fuel our science and technology engine for the next 75 years and beyond. Please send proposals for this special series to  [email protected]  or respond to the ideas raised in this essay by writing to  [email protected] .

Today’s historical circumstances are vastly different yet no less precarious—and, in new ways, equally promising. The COVID-19 pandemic, the consequences of structural racism and pervasive inequities, new international tensions, the gathering crisis of climate change, and deep social divisions pose great threats but also provide unprecedented opportunities to disrupt the status quo and pioneer new approaches. Science and innovation policies will have a great influence on the issues that confront us. As such, those policies need to be guided by the best possible thought and analysis. The current tension between the potential of science and technology and the societal problems we face requires active deliberation among all stakeholders. We have laid out some of those issues here and have referenced recent studies that are germane to the issues at hand. The forthcoming series of articles in Issues will extend the discussion. We invite you to join us in exploring these issues and sharing policy ideas that will fuel our science and technology engine for the next 75 years and beyond.

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Importance of Science and Technology Essay

If we look at the global scenario, the modern world is moving exceptionally fast. There are rapid scientific and technological changes that are occurring in a steady progression.

After going through this post, you will be able to understand the importance of Science and Technology.

Importance of Science and Technology Essay (400+ Words)

In today’s rapidly changing world, the ability to harness modern science and technology has become a significant determinant of a nation’s wealth and power. The development of science and technology has far-reaching implications for the future of social and economic growth, allowing us to shape the fate of our country.

Thanks to rapid technological advances, the dependency on natural resources or their proportional factors has reduced significantly. Machines, aided by quick technological changes resulting from scientific advancements, enable man to perform with greater precision and efficiency, resulting in a significant improvement in his work.

The most crucial aspect of our current era is the sustained efforts to leverage the gains of science to enhance the human condition. Human ingenuity must convert scientific discoveries into technological innovations, which must be developed to bring about significant improvements in our living conditions.

Agricultural scientists have made remarkable contributions by introducing new innovations that employ scientific methods to grow crops, thereby improving our national economy and human welfare. By providing machines and developing quality seeds, fertilizers, and insecticides suited to bringing about a green revolution in agriculture, we have achieved complete self-sufficiency in food grains.

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The desired scientific and technological advancements have been achieved, and our country has successfully boosted various crucial national activities such as information and telecommunication, television, meteorological services, medical advancements, industrial development, nuclear research, Space Research, and Oceanographic Research.

A robust science and technology infrastructure base has been established over the years, providing modern shapes to world industries. It encompasses a chain of laboratories, specialized centers, academic and research institutes, training centers, and development programs that consistently provide skilled and technically trained manpower and technological support to industries for better execution.

In the field of medical care, science has made significant strides, and new technology has enabled the development of a compelling medical care framework at an affordable cost. Innovative medical technology provides a system for confidently handling critical cases and saving human lives. Medical research has yielded positive results in areas such as nutrition, tuberculosis, reproduction, child care, leprosy, drugs, communicable diseases, cholera , and malaria. Today, man has the ability to treat these dreaded diseases using established methods of treatment and care.

As the modern world moves exceptionally fast, with rapid scientific and technological changes occurring steadily, our country must prioritize science and technology as its foremost national priority to accomplish its objective of becoming a world power and a global competitor.

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Home — Essay Samples — Information Science and Technology — Digital Era — Futurism: Technology In The Future

Futurism: Technology in The Future

• Categories: Digital Era Information Technology Innovation

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Published: Feb 8, 2022

Words: 1366 | Pages: 3 | 7 min read

Future technology (essay)

Works cited.

• Certification Partners. (n.d.). Certified in Convergent Network Technologies (CCNT).
• EcoWorth. (n.d.). Clean drinking water for all. Retrieved from https://www.ecoworth-tech.com/
• Gurnani, R. (2019). The AI revolution is here: Are businesses ready? Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2019/08/28/the-ai-revolution-is-here-are-businesses-ready/?sh=79d19dd7798d
• Makeblock. (n.d.). Educational robots. Retrieved from https://www.makeblock.com/
• OpenAI. (n.d.). Language models.
• Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA). (n.d.).
• WateROAM. (n.d.). Clean water for everyone.
• World Health Organization. (n.d.). Water, sanitation, and hygiene.

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The Impact of Science and Technology on Society in the Future

The paper concerns the issue of the impact the society of the future would undergo under the conditions of the constant growth and development of science and technology. The paper supports the argument that in the nearest future, as the numerous scientific researches hypothesize, humankind would be superseded by the robots, machines, and other technological gadgets. This vision is based on the comparison of the current situation in science and technology and possible trends in their development in the long run. In addition to this, the paper shows the essential role science and technology would possibly play in the future of society. These functions are analyzed from the perspective of philosophic and social paradigms (mainly by determinism). This approach helps evaluate the hypothetical way of the societal development in conditions of rapid technological and scientific advancement.

The Role of Science and Technology for Society

The major world powers seek to preserve and strengthen their position in the global arena. This process includes the matter of technological leadership and efficiency improvement of their innovation systems. At the same time, no country including the richest ones is currently capable of conducting a full-scale research into all scientific fields spending the cost of hundreds of millions of dollars a year on science. Under these circumstances, each country has to prioritize its scientific, technological, and innovative development to maintain its leading position in the most promising areas with the closest regard to the forthcoming times.

Science and technology perform an important role. Their development determines the future of modern civilization. Technological development is characterized by the heated debate among the various researchers who perceive them as the solution to all problems or, on the contrary, the cause of various disasters (Lövbrand). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to research the scholars’ opinions about the impact of science and technology on the future of society. This paper argues that the disadvantages of the rapid progress in the abovementioned areas would outweigh the advantages for the society of the future.

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The place of science and technology in society.

The rapid development of science and technology in the future is a subject matter for the numerous debates whose field of expertise falls within such disciplines as ethics, social science, and philosophy. On the one hand, technology acts as an important means to resolve the problems that life brings. On the other hand, technology and science represent a dominant force that threatens humanity’s spiritual essence and the natural world. Along with the positive aspects of development of technology and science, negative consequences of the trends of technological large-scale activities start to arise. The social conflicts caused by the development of modern civilization that is embodied in the philosophy of technology require the application of the moral and ethical evaluation.

The modern humankind cannot live without computers, mobile phones, and the Internet – this seems to be the most evident fact. For example, speaking of the field of education, it is possible to claim that nearly every student now possesses the newly invented gadgets. The impact that they make on children and society as a whole is different: either beneficial or negative. The nature of this influence depends on us ¬ the contemporary society representatives. In this regard, Jasanoff states that currently by only one push of a button, a modern student can find all the necessary resources and choose literature for any abstract or report. This process certainly possesses a definite advantage: the student spends less time in search of information and finds the most available library resources from around the world, the results of the research achieved by scientists living in other countries (Jasanoff). Thus, it is possible to assume that in the future, the computer would enable the larger development of intelligence. The main thing is to learn how to use these resources efficiently.

The numerous areas of human knowledge are engaged in solving the problem of what role the technology and science would have in the future. For example, the majority of interpretations of technological determinism reduce to two basic ideas: first: the future development of technology would be a predictable process that will leave an imprint on the culture and political processes; and second: any technology would be in any case the ‘consequences’ inherent in society. Strict adherents of technological determinism do not believe that the technological influence on the future of society would differ depending on how technology can be used (Jasanoff). Instead of viewing technology as part of a broad range of human activities, technological determinism sees technology as the basis for all human activities.

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As a consequence, such an approach raises a multiple number of aspects to be discussed, namely ethical aspects and social ones. The development of science and technology would cause the rise of numerous ethical dilemmas. First, these dilemmas would probably cover the issues of transplantations of human organs and the creation of artificial organs. This problem would emerge because of the environmental damage presumably caused by artificial organs production, for instance. Thus, the humanity will face the challenge of health level and safe environment. The same issue may be regarded as a social one. Obviously, society would be anxious about such state of things and disturbed by numerous conflicts. Second, remembering the fact that constant and rapid growth of robotics would impact the employment procedure is self-evident. This challenge may also serve as an ethical issue. On the one side, people would still need the source of income (i.e. the place to work), on the other side, however, the use of robots would increase the productivity of the future enterprises. Moreover, the issue of environmental damage would occur here by default because the robots and machines production would significantly harm the environment and would still require the energy sources.

From the standpoint of the future of society, the idea or the doctrine of progress would be hypothetically centered on the concept that social problems might be solved by technological advancement, due to which society would also make progress. According to technological determinism, the progress in the future would not be stopped, similarly as the control over technology and science would be lost. Consequently, the vast majority of scholars have a strong conviction that science and technology would become self-sufficient and their development would be provided by internal societal factors in the future (Lövbrand). However, all of these factors would trigger purely adverse effect on both humankind and the planet.

According to the majority of scholars, the key potential problem lies in the negative impact of science and technology on human beings. Thus, it may lead to society degradation and the poor level of its development. Currently, when the society is on a post-industrial level, the role of knowledge, science, and technology is crucial, since they represent the most mobile resources in all spheres of life, in any proceedings. All hypotheses, laws, and theories in the world are built on the same foundation, and these are the foundations of science, technology, and knowledge. Certainly, the advantages of science and technology are obvious – as well as the disadvantages are.

The diverse discoveries have importance for the development of the humankind. For instance, the complex protein molecules consist of tens or even hundreds of thousands of atoms, and their spatial structure was unknown 60 years ago (Lövbrand). Therefore, it was easier to take the model of inanimate nature as the material basis. The same approach was taken to the development of semiconductors in microelectronics – and as a result computer technology began to use semiconductor crystals, such as silicon, in which the unit cell contained eight atoms. Moving along this path, humanity would create more and more sophisticated technologies in the future, such as molecular beam epitaxy, which nowadays is sometimes used to produce fine structures of the order of atomic dimensions, and new structures – the so-called structure with quantum dots (Lövbrand). The unique technologies of microelectronics would definitely allow and enable to combine lithography and subsequent alignment established anywhere by means of the same integral scheme. It indicates that we would have the technology, which is reproducible in any part of the world. Due to the achievements of fundamental science, X-ray physics, scattering of synchrotron radiation and neutrons, nuclear magnetic resonance, supercomputers would be primarily used to investigate the structure of biological objects in more details (Lövbrand).

The mankind would probably identify their complex three- or even four-dimensional spatial structure and study the mechanisms of functioning of these biological molecules (Jasanoff). This may lead to more rapid and sustainable development of biotechnology, which is known as any technology that uses a living organism or substance that is isolated from these organisms for the production or modification of the product, the improvement of a plant or an animal, or the creation of micro-organisms for specific purposes. Biotechnology is also called the science of using living processes of production (Lövbrand). The basis of biotechnology is genetic engineering which contains a set of methods and approaches aimed at obtaining the biological structures of software and intrinsic properties that would not be obtained by traditional breeding methods in the future. Undoubtedly, this aspect would have a noticeable impact on the future of the society.

The vast development of the computer industry and nanotechnologies would contribute to the fact that research in the field of biotechnology may probably acquire the technical nature. Presumably, the industrial molecular biology would create the most outstanding and remarkable products that may become biological microarrays (biochips), combining approaches of biotechnology with nanotechnology. Within this frame, the DNA sequencing would evolve from unique laboratory techniques to the major industrial process. The analysis showed that progress, science, and technology are impossible without the development of biotechnology specialized hardware, algorithms, and software. In biotechnology, the human body would be seen as a ‘unit’ that is theoretical, but then by applying some genetic modifications it would be possible to ‘repair,’ completely renew, or upgrade it. As a consequence, a man would be understood as a dynamic, flexible, and reprogrammable biological system. In the future, the permanent changes in the functional capacity of the human bodies are predicted.

The advent of biotechnology and nanotechnology based on information technology would make the society reconsider the relationship between the man and a machine, between genetics and computer ‘codes’ that would appear at the nanoscale level. Also, the future researches into the field of biotechnology and nanotechnology would urge people to review the concept of ‘life’ itself and the idea of ‘man,’ ‘machine,’ ‘technology,’ ‘treatment,’ etc. Nevertheless, the question of the point that separates the actual treatment in the usual sense of the biotechnological medicine and ‘modernization’ would be problematized.

In the future, hypothetically, the society would not come to the technological solutions based on the core principles of living nature. There would be, as Lövbrand point out, a new stage of development, when the technical and model copying of ‘man-like devices’ would take place by a relatively simple inorganic materials. Hence, the society would be ready to move to the reproduction of wildlife systems based on the advancements of nanobiotechnology.

The recent investigations (Lövbrand, Jasanoff) discovered that the most prominent development of computers is, the more people would simply resemble an ‘output’ of the direct computation process. The high IT would stimulate an increased degree of automation of all processes of creating, processing, and transmitting information, in other words, they would aim at excluding people from all technological information processing chains. The functioning of the future programmable computer would mean the automated state so that a person would only determine which program to operate and they would ‘ask’ it to start an action.

Jasanoff also believes that soon it would become possible to automate the creative side of human activity. Neurocomputers would be able to become a universal means of performing many intelligent functions in real time and in the real environment, thus, forcing a person to be off the scope of tasking.

The development of the information technologies would require the retraining of specialists and the change of the process equipment. The sphere of application of information technology would constantly be expanding. The forthcoming technological advancements would be more widespread, gradually becoming not only more convenient and straightforward to use, but more affordable as well.

Having analyzed the most recent viewpoints on the future societal development and the role of science and technology in this process, it is possible to state that the impact triggered by progress would be mainly negative. This is determined by the fact that machines and various technologies would supplant people. On the one hand, this would leave humans without any occupation and on the other hand, such situation would result in the lack of space for people. In addition to this, the design, production, and utilization of all the machines mentioned would harm the environment. Due to the various points of view, the benefits of scientific and technological influence on the society of the future would be very shortly superseded by the losses which are already evident today.

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Future of Science and Technology Essay

A Future of Science and Technology essay is a great way to show your talents in the field of science. If you are looking to get into college or university, you may want to consider taking a course on science. If you are not very good at math or science, you may be able to find a course that will help you along the way.

Future of science and technology essays are often very interesting and will allow the reader to see all sides of an issue. These essays can also be written for either a teacher or a student. When writing a science and technology essay, it is important to think of the audience you are writing for. This will help you write in a more interesting manner that will give your audience something to look forward to.

Future of science and technology essays are usually written on a topic related to an important upcoming event in the world of science. One of the biggest concerns today is global warming. If you want to take a stand for the environment, then consider writing an essay on global warming. There are many people who believe that global warming is just a myth. However, there are those that believe that it is real.

The Future of Science and Technology essay can cover many different things. One of the most popular topics of science and technology is nanotechnology. nanotechnology is when materials are used in their smallest pieces. Nanotechnology is a very new field and scientists are just beginning to figure out what is involved in nanotechnology. If you want to write a Future of Science and Technology essay on nanotechnology, you should really get to know this topic.

If you are interested in the future of science and technology, you may want to start by thinking about some of the more futuristic ideas that have been around for years. Some of these ideas include things such as space colonies, and flying cars. If you are interested in the future of science and technology, you will want to write an essay on this topic.

Future of science and technology essays can also be written on topics such as artificial intelligent robotic androids and artificial super intelligence. One of the greatest challenges that humans face today is how to keep up with the ever advancing technology that we have come across. Computers will soon be more advanced and able to do more than just play chess.

In order to write a Future of Science and Technology essay, it is important to know where you are going in the future. If you are someone who is very optimistic and loves science, you will want to write an essay about the future of science and technology. However, if you are someone who is very pessimistic, then you may want to write an essay that is more critical.

Future of science and technology essay examples can be found online and can be very helpful for both students and teachers. When you are writing a Future of science and technology essay, make sure you pay attention to the information that you learn. This will help you gain insight into the future of science and technology.

Future of science and technology is something that is likely to be around for a very long time and will affect everyone in one way or another. It will be something that can affect people from different cultures, countries, and even different countries in different parts of the world.

In order to write a Future of Science and technology essay, you will want to think about things that you are passionate about and write about them in an essay. The essay can contain facts and figures but also can include some of your opinions and your thoughts on how this future is going to affect people in the future. The essay is the best way that you can give the reader an idea of your opinion on the future of science and technology.

When you are preparing to write a Future of Science and technology essay, you should be open to suggestions and criticism. This is the best way to find out how the Future of Science and Technology essay is going to turn out. There are so many ideas out there and it will be easier to come up with an essay that makes sense to the reader and the student.

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Innovative Solutions and Impact in Educational Technology

Sophia Willows stands out as a visionary leader in educational technology. With a career marked by a powerful blend of technical expertise and a commitment to leveraging technology for societal benefit, she has made significant strides in her field. Formerly the Engineering Manager of Crimson Education's AI team and currently a Staff Engineer at Rye, Sophia's work is a testament to her innovative spirit.

Educated at the University of Waikato, where she earned a BE(Hons) in Computer Software Engineering, Sophia has developed a diverse and robust skill set. Her dedication to knowledge sharing is evident in her active blogging on topics like AI, API design, and engineering leadership, fostering community and innovation in the tech sphere.

At Crimson Education, Sophia significantly shaped the company's SaaS offerings. Her most impactful project was the development of AdmitYogi Essays, an advanced AI-driven tool for college admission essays. Building out the AdmitYogi Essays product was a natural extension of her experience as a software engineer and leader. Her work not only demonstrates her technical acumen but also her ability to turn ambitious ideas into practical, user-friendly solutions.

Leadership and Innovation at Crimson Education

Extensive experience in leading engineering teams and scaling products laid a solid foundation for Sophia's work on AdmitYogi Essays. At Crimson Education, she led and managed the AI team in an environment where launching new features weekly was the norm. This fast-paced role honed her ability to decompose hard problems into smaller, discrete steps and make rapid technical decisions, preparing her for the complexity of developing the AdmitYogi Essays product.

Sophia's work at Crimson involved creating tools like extracurricular activity recommenders and applicant profile scorers, which required a blend of human intuition and domain knowledge. She explains, "AI essay review is something that just hadn't been done well before, because it's so hard to judge the qualitative merits of an essay." This challenging aspect drew on all her previous experience, making AdmitYogi Essays a larger-scale application of the innovative solutions she had already been working on within the company.

Overcoming Quality Challenges in AI Essay Reviews

One of the main challenges in building the AdmitYogi product was maintaining consistent quality across a vast number of essays. While AI models promise consistent outputs, Sophia explains that "in practice, it's possible for the real world to change out from under you," making previously trained models less effective. To address this, the team leveraged the annual cycle of college admissions, which allowed them to schedule model updates yearly, reducing the impact of drift and ensuring high-quality outputs.

Being part of Crimson Education provided AdmitYogi with significant advantages. Crimson's regular refresh of its offerings—be it admissions strategy or tutoring materials—meant that the team was adept at staying current with changes. As Sophia points out, "the beauty of the AdmitYogi product is that we only really need to worry about making model changes on that yearly schedule," simplifying the task of maintaining quality. Collaboration between subject matter experts and the engineering team was crucial, ensuring that the technical solutions met the rigorous demands of the essay review process.

Leveraging AI for Tailored Feedback

In creating AdmitYogi Essays, Sophia and her team focused on using the right AI tools for specific tasks rather than relying solely on the current trend of generative AI. As Sophia explains, "LLMs are a really great tool for getting something off the ground quickly, but they underperform on a number of tasks relative to smaller and more efficient models." For instance, classification tasks, such as identifying the type of essay submitted, benefit from less generative AI, akin to the efficient image classifiers Sophia has taught in past workshops.

Addressing the dual challenges of cost and speed was crucial for making AdmitYogi accessible and effective. By thoughtfully combining generative AI with traditional techniques, the team developed a processing pipeline that delivered high-quality, fast reviews at a lower cost. This approach ensured the product was both affordable and capable of providing timely feedback, leveling the playing field for college admissions. Sophia notes, "Our AI expertise came in handy here because we made really thoughtful technology decisions," showcasing the depth of their knowledge and practical application in AI.

Ensuring Consistency with a Fractional Work Model

Crimson Education's meritocratic approach allows talented individuals to continue contributing in a fractional capacity, ensuring the retention of valuable knowledge and expertise. Sophia highlights, "Usually, when someone leaves a company you end up losing a lot of their built up context and understanding of the business." By retaining former employees in part-time or advisory roles, Crimson maintains this critical institutional knowledge, which is especially beneficial for complex projects like AdmitYogi Essays.

Sophia's continued involvement, despite her full-time role at Rye, exemplifies this strategy's effectiveness. "Because I lead the development of this product I'm particularly well suited to advising on how to best evolve it going forward," she notes. This ongoing connection allows for seamless transitions and sustained quality in product delivery, leveraging her deep understanding of what makes a successful college admission essay. The fractional work model ensures that the team benefits from her expertise, keeping the product innovative and effective.

AI Deployment and Engineering Management

Deploying AI products presents unique challenges, distinct from traditional application deployment. The primary issue is ensuring that training data accurately reflects real-world conditions to prevent erroneous outcomes. "Most AI projects fail to productionize," Sophia explains, often due to biased and inaccurate training data that doesn't align with production data, leading to system failures.

Sophia's engineering management experience at Crimson Education proved invaluable for AdmitYogi Essays, particularly in addressing concept drift—where AI models need continual retraining to adapt to new data. She emphasizes the necessity of internal expertise for maintaining AI systems, stating, "You really do need someone internal who is going to drive execution and keep everything working smoothly." Her role at AdmitYogi ensures ongoing maintenance and adaptation, preventing the system from becoming obsolete and maintaining its efficacy over time.

Balancing Cost and Quality in AI Solutions

Leveraging AI for essay reviews allows AdmitYogi to maintain predictable unit economics, ensuring both affordability and quality. Unlike human reviewers, AI models provide consistent outputs without the variability of fatigue or distraction, allowing for precise cost control. "Having certainty over our costs is important," Sophia explains, as it ensures the pricing strategy can be set to avoid losses, similar to Amazon's approach.

This predictability extends to system tweaks, where the impact on costs is immediately clear. This allows for a straightforward cost/benefit analysis with every change, ensuring that high-quality outputs are maintained without compromising affordability. By continuously optimizing their AI models, AdmitYogi can offer a cost-effective solution that remains competitive and sustainable.

User Insights Leading to Feature Improvements

Initial deployments of AdmitYogi revealed crucial user insights that led to significant feature improvements, particularly in the recommendation system. Striking the right balance between providing useful guidance and avoiding overly specific suggestions was challenging. "We can't just write a student's essay on their behalf—we need to gingerly guide them on their own essay writing journey," Sophia explains. Extensive user testing and numerous iterations were essential in fine-tuning this feature to ensure it met students' needs without compromising ethical standards.

An unexpected yet valuable insight came from the "stats for nerds" tab, initially intended as an internal debugging tool. During user testing, both the CEO and students expressed enthusiasm for this feature, leading to the incorporation of more engaging elements in the final product. While the original "stats for nerds" wasn't included, the team added flavor text and developed "impression analysis" to highlight unique aspects of students' essays, significantly boosting user engagement. This iterative process and attention to user feedback were pivotal in refining AdmitYogi's features.

The Future of AdmitYogi

As the college admissions process becomes increasingly selective and competitive, AdmitYogi is poised to evolve by addressing emerging trends such as digital SATs and the rise of "test-optional" policies. Sophia notes, "I think evaluating a student based on a test score is reductive, and tests can be difficult for students who struggle with anxiety issues." This shift places greater emphasis on admission essays, which are becoming a critical component of applications.

AdmitYogi is set to enhance its AI-powered essay review capabilities to help students showcase their unique strengths and personalities more effectively. Sophia emphasizes the importance of leveraging their extensive database of successful college essays to extract valuable insights. "We have many exciting features on the roadmap to help us double down on AI-powered essay review," she says. These upcoming features will build on their existing analyses, ensuring that AdmitYogi continues to provide innovative and effective tools to support students in their college application journey.

Sophia's future endeavors aim to continue driving technical innovation with a growing legacy. As a mentor and thought leader, her influence will inspire tech innovators dedicated to positive change. Her achievements hint at a promising future, shaping the field of software engineering for years to come.

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Essay on Science and Technology in English for Children & Students

Table of Contents

Science and Technology Essay: Science is a systematic way that involves observation and experimentation to get knowledge and improve skills, whereas technology is the practical application of science that helps improve the quality of life. Science is a systematic study, and technology is what comes out of it. Science and technology go hand in hand; that is, technological advancements always follow scientific progress, and the latter is only the implication of the former.

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Today, Science and Technology play a very significant role in the overall development of a country. The two define the progress made in almost every field, i.e., infrastructure development, communications, defence, industrialization, etc. the world is developing fast, at an unprecedented rate, because of scientific and technological developments. The ever-progressive world will leave behind anyone who lags behind in science and technology.

Long and Short Essay on Science and Technology in English

New inventions in science and technology play a great role in people’s daily lives and advance their lifestyles.

To keep students up-to-date and check their general knowledge about new inventions, they are given the topic to write essays on science and technology.

Here we have provided some simple science and technology essays to help students to do better in their essay writing competition.

Essay on Science and Technology 100 words

Advancement in science and technology in many areas has made the lives of people more advanced than the ancient time. Advancement in science and technology is directly and positively affecting people’s way of living on the one hand; however, it is also affecting indirectly and negatively the people’s health on the other hand. New inventions in science and technology are necessary in such a modern world for a country to be strong and more well-developed than others. In this competitive world, we need more technology to go ahead and become successful people in life.

Essay on Science and Technology 150 words

Human or country development is linked to technology’s proper growth and development in many ways. Technological advancement happens when there become new inventions in science by highly skilled and professional scientists. We can say that technology, science, and development are equally proportional. Development in science and technology is necessary for the people of any nation to go hand in hand with the people of other countries. The development of science and technology depends on the analysis and proper understanding of facts. The development of technology depends on the way of application of various scientific knowledge in the right direction.

To enhance the economy and the betterment of the people of any nation, up-to-date knowledge, technology, science, and engineering are the fundamental requisites. A nation can be backward, and the chances of being a developed country become minimal in the lack of science and technology.

Essay on Science and Technology 200 words

We all know that we live in the age of science and technology. The life of every one of us is highly dependent on scientific inventions and modern-day technologies. Science and technology have changed the lives of people to a great extent. It has made life easy, simple, and fast. In the new era, the science development has become a necessity to finish the era of bullock carts and bring the trend of motorized vehicles.

Science and technology have been implemented in every aspect of modernization in every nation. Modern gadgets have been introduced to every walk of life and have solved almost all problems. It was impossible to have all its benefits without implementing it in sectors like medicine, education, infrastructure, electricity, aviation, information technology, and other fields.

What improvement we see in our life daily is because of science and technology. For the proper growth and development of the country, it is very necessary to go science and technology hand in hand. Villages are getting developed into towns and cities, thus expanding the greater horizons of the economy. Our country India is fast developing in the sense of science and technology.

Essay on Science and Technology 250 words

Science and technology have become a debated topic in society. On the one hand, it is necessary for the modern life where other countries continuously develop in science and technology. It becomes necessary for other countries to grow in the same way to be strong and well-developed as other countries for future safety and security. It is science and technology which helps other weak countries to develop and be strong.

We have to take support science and technology forever to improve the way of life for the betterment of humanity. Suppose we do not take the help of technologies such as computers, the internet, electricity, etc. In that case, we cannot be economically strong in the future and will be backward forever, even if we cannot survive in such a competitive and technological world.

Advancements in medicine, agriculture, education, economy, sports, games, jobs, tourism, etc., are the examples of science and technology. All such advancements show us how both are equally beneficial for our life. We can see a clear difference in our lifestyle while matching the old and modern way of life. High level of scientific and technological advancement in medicine has made treating various lethal diseases easy, which was not possible earlier. It has helped doctors find effective ways to cure diseases through medicine or operations and research vaccines to cure diseases such as cancer, AIDS, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, Leukemia, etc.

Essay on Science and Technology 300 words

The implication of science and technology in people’s life is very old from the time of Indus Valley Civilization. It was almost first invention when came to know about fire and wheel. Both of these inventions are considered the mother of all the technological innovations of modern times. Through the invention of fire, people first knew about the power of energy. Since then, people’s curiosity has increased, and they have started trying hard to research various measures to make life easy and simple.

India has been the most famous country in the world since ancient times; however, after its slavery under British rule, it lost its recognition and strength. After getting freedom in 1947, it again had started getting its lost recognition in the crowd. It is the science and technology which has helped India to get real recognition all over the world. India has become a highly growing country through new inventions in science and technological advancement. Science and technologies play a great role in meeting the needs and requirements of modern people.

Some examples of technological advancement are establishing the railway system, metro system, railway reservation system, internet, supercomputers, mobiles, smartphones, online access for people in almost every area, etc. The government of India is creating more opportunities for space organizations and several academic institutions (Indian Association for the Advancement of Science) for better technological growth and development in the country. Some of the renowned scientists of the India who have made possible the technological advancement in India (through their notable scientific research in various fields) are Sir J. C. Bose, S. N. Bose, C. V. Raman, Dr. Homi J. Bhabha, Srinivasa Ramanujan, father of India’s nuclear power, Dr. Har Govind Singh Khorana, Vikram Sarabhai, etc.

Essay on Science and Technology 400 words

Science and technology play vital roles in modern life and profoundly influence the course of human civilization. Technological advancement in modern life has provided us lots of remarkable insights all over the world. Scientific revolutions have taken their full speed from the 20 th century and have become more advanced in the 21 st century. We have entered the new century in new ways and with all the arrangements for people’s well-being. Modern culture and civilization have become dependent on science and technologies as they have become an integral part of life according to the need and requirements of the people.

India has become an important source of creative and foundational scientific developments and approaches all across the world. All the great scientific discoveries and technological achievements in our country have improved the Indian economic status and have created many new ways for the new generations to grow in the technologically advanced environment. There are many new scientific types of research and development have been possible in the field of Mathematics, Architecture, Chemistry, Astronomy, Medicine, Metallurgy, Natural Philosophy, physics, agriculture, health care, pharmaceuticals, astrophysics, nuclear energy, space technology, applications, defense research, biotechnology, information technology, electronics, oceanography, and other areas.

The introduction of scientific research, ideas, and techniques to the field of education has brought a huge positive change in the new generation and provided them with various new and innovative opportunities to work in the field of their interest. Modem science in India has been awakened by outstanding scientists’ continuous and hard efforts. Scientists in India are great and have made possible scientific advances of the highest international calibre.

Technological development in any field enhances the economy of any nation. In order to improve the power of science and technology in India, the Indian government made the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in 1942 and the Board of Scientific and Industrial Research in 1940. In order to emphasize the growth of science and technology in the country, Indian government has established a chain of national laboratories and research institutes in various regions.

After independence, our country has been involved in the promotion of the spread of science for national development. A variety of policies made by the government have emphasized self-sufficiency and sustainable growth and development throughout the country. Science and technology have impacted the country’s economic growth and social development in an extraordinary manner.

Essay on Science and Technology FAQs

What is science and technology in essay.

Science and technology in an essay explore how we understand the world science and apply that knowledge to create tools and solve problems technology.

What is science and technology in a short note?

Science studies the natural world, while technology uses that knowledge to make our lives better through inventions and innovations.

What are the important points of science and technology?

Science seeks to understand the natural world. Technology applies scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. Both play crucial roles in advancing society and improving our lives.

What is a good topic for science and technology?

Topics like artificial intelligence, renewable energy, or genetic engineering are engaging subjects to explore the latest advancements and impacts of science and technology.

What is science and technology essay writing?

It's the art of crafting an essay to discuss scientific discoveries and technological advancements, their importance, and their influence on society.

Why is the topic of science and technology important?

Understanding and discussing science and technology is essential because they shape our world, impact our lives, and drive progress in various fields.

An essay on science and technology delves into how we explore and apply knowledge to innovate, solve problems, and improve our way of life.

What is science essay in simple words?

A science essay explains discoveries and facts about how the world works, often involving experiments and research to better understand nature and the universe.

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Essay on Science and Technology

Students are often asked to write an essay on Science and Technology in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Science and Technology

Introduction.

Science and technology are intertwined. Science discovers, and technology applies. They are two sides of the same coin that have transformed our lives.

Science: The Foundation

Science is about understanding the world around us. It’s about asking questions and finding answers. It lays the foundation for technology.

Technology: The Application

Technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge. It’s about using this knowledge to solve problems and improve our lives.

The Harmony

Together, science and technology create a harmony. Science provides the knowledge, and technology brings it to life.

Also check:

250 Words Essay on Science and Technology

The pivotal role of science and technology.

Science and technology have become the bedrock of modern civilization, driving unprecedented progress and continually reshaping our world. They are intertwined, with science providing insights into the natural world and technology translating these discoveries into practical applications.

Scientific Exploration and Technological Advancements

Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions. It is the foundation upon which we understand the universe. This understanding then fuels technological advancements, which transform theoretical science into tangible, practical tools. For instance, Einstein’s theory of relativity, while abstract, paved the way for the development of GPS technology.

Impacts and Implications

The impacts of science and technology are far-reaching. They have revolutionized healthcare, enabling the creation of sophisticated diagnostic tools and effective treatments. They have also transformed communication, with innovations like the internet and smartphones bridging geographical divides and fostering global connectivity.

However, these advancements come with ethical and societal implications. The advent of technologies like artificial intelligence and genetic engineering has raised questions about privacy, autonomy, and the very nature of what it means to be human.

Future Perspectives

500 words essay on science and technology.

Science and technology, two inseparable facets of human progress, have shaped our understanding of the universe and our place within it. They are not only tools of discovery but also catalysts for innovation and improvement. This essay explores the intricate relationship between science and technology and their collective impact on our society.

The Interplay of Science and Technology

Science seeks to understand the natural world by formulating hypotheses and conducting experiments to validate or refute them. It is a process of inquiry and discovery, leading to the development of new theories and principles. Technology, on the other hand, applies these scientific principles to solve practical problems and enhance human capabilities. It is the practical manifestation of scientific knowledge.

Impacts on Society

Moreover, advancements in medical science and biotechnology have significantly improved healthcare delivery and disease management. From telemedicine to gene therapy, these innovations have extended human lifespan and improved quality of life.

Challenges and Ethical Considerations

In conclusion, science and technology are powerful drivers of human progress. They have transformed our understanding of the world and have significantly improved our quality of life. However, their rapid advancement also necessitates careful consideration of the associated challenges and ethical implications. As we continue to push the boundaries of knowledge and innovation, we must strive to ensure that the fruits of scientific and technological progress are harnessed for the benefit of all humanity.

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July 28, 2024

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AI-powered weather and climate models are set to change the future of forecasting, researchers say

by Sanaa Hobeichi, The Conversation

A new system for forecasting weather and predicting future climate uses artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve results comparable with the best existing models while using much less computer power, according to its creators.

In a paper published in Nature , a team of researchers from Google, MIT, Harvard and the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts say their model offers enormous "computational savings" and can "enhance the large-scale physical simulations that are essential for understanding and predicting the Earth system."

The NeuralGCM model is the latest in a steady stream of research models that use advances in machine learning to make weather and climate predictions faster and cheaper.

What is NeuralGCM?

The NeuralGCM model aims to combine the best features of traditional models with a machine-learning approach .

At its core, NeuralGCM is what is called a "general circulation model." It contains a mathematical description of the physical state of Earth's atmosphere, and it solves complicated equations to predict what will happen in the future.

However, NeuralGCM also uses machine learning—a process of searching out patterns and regularities in vast troves of data—for some less well-understood physical processes, such as cloud formation. The hybrid approach makes sure that the output of the machine learning modules will be consistent with the laws of physics.

The resulting model can then be used for making forecasts of weather days and weeks in advance, as well as looking months and years ahead for climate predictions.

The researchers compared NeuralGCM against other models using a standardized set of forecasting tests called WeatherBench 2 . For three- and five-day forecasts, NeuralGCM did about as well as other machine-learning weather models such as Pangu and GraphCast . For longer-range forecasts, over ten and 15 days, NeuralGCM was about as accurate as the best existing traditional models.

NeuralGCM was also quite successful in forecasting less-common weather phenomena, such as tropical cyclones and atmospheric rivers.

Why machine learning?

Machine learning models are based on algorithms that learn patterns in the data they are fed with, then use this learning to make predictions. Because climate and weather systems are highly complex, machine learning models require vast amounts of historical observations and satellite data for training.

The training process is very expensive and requires a lot of computer power. However, after a model is trained, using it to make predictions is fast and cheap. This is a large part of their appeal for weather forecasting.

The high cost of training and low cost of use is similar to other kinds of machine learning models. GPT-4, for example, reportedly took several months to train at a cost of more than US$100 million, but can respond to a query in moments.

A weakness of machine learning models is that they often struggle in unfamiliar situations—or in this case, extreme or unprecedented weather conditions. To do this, a model needs to be able to generalize, or extrapolate beyond the data it was trained on.

NeuralGCM appears to be better at this than other machine learning models, because its physics-based core provides some grounding in reality. As Earth's climate changes, unprecedented weather conditions will become more common, and we don't know how well machine learning models will keep up.

Nobody is actually using machine learning-based weather models for day-to-day forecasting yet. However, it is a very active area of research—and one way or another, we can be confident that the forecasts of the future will involve machine learning.

Journal information: Nature

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No one is born a world-class scientist. Instead, their skills are built over many years of education, networking, mentorship, and work in laboratories or in the field.

That’s the fundamental insight behind the not-for-profit organization Future African Scientist, which is seeking to unleash the scientific potential of the continent by providing African students and early-career scientists with the support they need to do world-renowned research that addresses problems in their local communities and beyond.

Future African Scientist, or FAS, partners with leading scientists and institutions around the world, including MIT, to offer educational courses, training, networking events, and other programming around scientific research and entrepreneurship. More importantly, graduates of FAS programs join a network of scientists that helps them match with jobs, internships, and further learning opportunities.

“Our programs aim to democratize access to science education and create a new wave of scientists that are going to study African problems and not just publish papers, but also translate that research into beneficial products as well as policies,” says FAS co-founder Martin Lubowa.

At the core of FAS is a belief in the power of connections to further scientific understanding. Perhaps it’s no surprise, then, that FAS began with a connection between two people from very different walks of life during an MIT program.

From roommates to co-founders

In 2020, Daniel Zhang ’22 participated in Biology Professor Bruce Walker’s course HST. 434 (Evolution of an Epidemic) as part of a MISTI Global Classroom during MIT’s Independent Activities Period (IAP). The course immerses students in a South African community to teach them about the AIDS epidemic from the perspective of doctors, researchers, policymakers, and local infected women.

That IAP happened to be the first year the class paired MIT students with students from the African Leadership Academy, which seeks to build leadership skills in African youth. Zhang’s roommate was Martin Lubowa.

“Martin and I bonded instantly despite coming from completely different cultures and backgrounds,” Zhang recalls. “We shared passions for education, mentorship, and sports.”

Despite waking up early each day for class, Zhang and Lubowa talked late into the nights. Many of their conversations centered around the differences in STEM opportunities between students in the U.S. and African countries. They also discussed the importance of STEM in economic development and eventually identified a lack of mentorship programs as a key problem. They decided to found Future African Scientist to close those gaps.

With support and encouragement from Walker, the pair kept in touch after the class and focused their mission to equipping university and high school students in Africa with early-stage mentorship and critical thinking skills that would enable them to conduct independent research projects.

In January 2022, they organized their first virtual bootcamp for students across Africa. The bootcamp featured virtual courses, lectures by leading African scientists, mentorship opportunities, and a capstone project that challenged students to apply their learnings.

“We didn’t want to just give them research skills, but also entrepreneurship skills and interpersonal skills to position them as scientific entrepreneurs,” Lubowa says.

After receiving positive feedback and learning more about the skills students needed, the founders broadened the structure of FAS.

Today, a similar bootcamp on foundational research skills serves as the first stage of FAS’s four-part Africa Science Research Academy. The second stage is a data-driven research project that exposes participants to working in a lab. The third stage teaches skills including entrepreneurship, leadership, financial literacy, and grant management. The final stage, the Africa Science Opportunity Network, is available to FAS graduates for life and is designed to connect participants with internships, jobs opportunities, and other research projects.

“What makes us different from most of the research training programs in Africa is that we are open to anyone who is curious,” Lubowa says. “Most of the programs on the continent target MDs who already practicing, or PhDs, which is a bit unfair for people who are curious, but they don’t have the right platform to channel that curiosity into meaningful experiences.”

To date, more than 100 students and young professionals have gone through FAS programming. The students hail from more than 30 universities and 15 countries. FAS has also partnered with 10 medical student associations that have helped it expand its network to more than 100,000 students across the continent. FAS is also in conversations with organizations like the African Microscope Initiative, which has offered to recruit FAS graduates for more specialized training in bioimaging, as well as African state governments to create upskilling programs that could serve as alternatives to MD and PhD programs.

“We see Africa transitioning from just being a beneficiary of the global scientific community to becoming a contributor,” Lubowa says. “That means we can help the U.S. and other Western countries solve their problems. The issue at the moment is getting people the skills they need and changing their mindset so they understand they can do great things, and that in the long run, they can not just generate knowledge, but also create enterprises that address some of these challenges within Africa and beyond.”

Meeting the needs of the continent

In 2022, a pair of students from the Association of Mbarara University Pharmaceutical Sciences in Uganda learned about the foundations of entrepreneurship through FAS’ programming. They are in the process of commercializing their research into mosquito repellants made from locally-sourced materials. That same year, an undergraduate Cameroonian alumna of FAS placed third in a national science competition despite going up against PhDs. His research was in early detection of pancreatic cancer.

“One of the aspirational goals of Future African Scientists is to cultivate a sustainable scientific ecosystem where beyond academia, there’s also a science industry in Africa,” Lubowa says.

Further down the line, FAS would like to open its own laboratories to broaden access to equipment, and FAS’s team has already spoken with companies that exchange second-hand medical and laboratory equipment to help improve scientific infrastructure at African institutes.

“Our long-term plans include establishing general-purpose, open laboratories where students across Africa can go and learn how to do practical science,” Lubowa says.

With all work, FAS seeks to empower Africans to become a global scientific force for good.

“We have a population of 1.2 billion people in Africa, but we only have 198 scientists per million people. The U.S. has more than 4,000 scientists per million people,” Lubowa says. “Africans also have the highest burden of disease, so there’s really a need for us to rethink how we have been training scientists, and it all goes back to these support systems. I really think we can change the scientific landscape in Africa.”

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'Defects' in silicon chips could house qubits, hastening the arrival of a future quantum internet

Using manufacturing defects in silicon chips to house signal-amplifying qubits could help to usher in the much-anticipated quantum internet.

Researchers in quantum mechanics believe they’ve found a standard way to assess the viability of quantum memory in silicon chips — meaning existing components can be used as the fabric for a future quantum internet.

This discovery comes on the heels of several other findings in the quantum networking realm, bringing a working network that connects quantum computers a step closer to reality. The biggest barrier is providing a dependable structure for carrying quantum data from one area to another.

"It’s still a Wild West out there,” said lead researcher Evelyn Hu , professor of applied physics and electrical engineering at Harvard University, in a statement . "Even though new candidate defects are a promising quantum memory platform, there is often almost nothing known about why certain recipes are used to create them, and how you can rapidly characterize them and their interactions, even in ensembles."

These new candidate defects are found in silicon chips as a result of the manufacturing process. Hu and her team set out to discover ways to measure and control the performance of qubits in "G-center" defects in silicon chips, and how G-centers perform when interacting with electric fields .

G-centers are carbon-based defects in silicon, while T-centers are carbon and hydrogen-based defects. Both are used in telecommunications to facilitate transmission of O-bands — a wavelength band used in the infrared light for optical communications.

Related: Quantum internet breakthrough after 'quantum data' transmitted through standard fiber optic cable for 1st time

The application of G-centers and T-centers in quantum networking helps solve a common problem in quantum computing: stabilization of wavelengths. Hu’s team focused on G centers for the purpose of this study.

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While G-centers are usually created with only carbon atoms, the researchers found adding a hydrogen atom allowed for consistent fabrication of the defect. The team also explored how to control the behavior of G-centers to generate the desired properties.

"If we are ever to make a technology out of this wide world of possibilities, we must have ways to characterize them better, faster and more efficiently," said Hu.

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The team successfully controlled the G-center quantum emitter by using electrical diodes that surround the defect at the center of a silicon wafer without sacrificing the desired wavelength outputs.

This allowed the team to turn the defects on and off by applying either negative or positive voltage. They found local electric fields created a more stabilized wavelength output, which is critical to the successful implementation of quantum networking of different systems.

Finally, Hu’s team developed a system to monitor, diagnose and track the defects, giving them useful data to inform future research into creating ideal environments for defects. The team also hopes to use the same techniques to beter understand T-center defects in silicon.

Lisa D Sparks is a freelance journalist for Live Science and an experienced editor and marketing professional with a background in journalism, content marketing, strategic development, project management, and process automation. She specializes in artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and electric vehicles (EVs) and battery technology, while she also holds expertise in the trends including semiconductors and data centers.

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Feature Article: Where the Public and Private Sectors Converge

The Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) recently hosted its annual Silicon Valley Innovation Program (SVIP) Demo Week, bringing together federal government and startup communities to exhibit new technologies, talk through ideas and identify opportunities for future collaboration.

Inventions were center stage at the Science and Technology Directorate’s (S&T) annual Silicon Valley Innovation Program (SVIP) Demo Week in May. Hosted at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Headquarters in Alexandria, VA, the home of USPTO’s National Inventors Hall of Fame, the spirit of innovation was celebrated over two days of exposition, demonstration, and thought leadership.

SVIP reshapes how government, entrepreneurs, and industry work together to strengthen national security through cutting-edge technology solutions, and Demo Week allows S&T’s startup partners to showcase their current crop of new designs to both public and private sector audiences. Ultimately, the event serves as a space where the innovation community—both nationally and internationally—can connect and find ways to harness the commercial research and development (R&D) ecosystem for technologies with government applications and accelerate technology transition-to-market.

“In this room, we have disruptors, dreamers, and even the occasional tech bro. It’s like the ultimate mashup of Silicon Valley meets Capitol Hill,” said SVIP Managing Director Melissa Oh. “It’s a place for government and startups to converge in pursuit of innovation and progress.”

Oh kicked off the event by explaining how the best innovations happen when diverse perspectives collide. The Apollo 11 moon landing is proof of that, she said. And crab traps actually inspired NASA’s model for the craft’s landing legs—a nod to the inventiveness that can take place in building government technology. Similarly, one of SVIP’s most successful R&D efforts— Maritime Object Tracking Technology (MOTT) , used for accurately marking and monitoring objects in the water for recovery—started out as a lobster crate equipped with a dog collar.

“We are seeing a tidal wave of dual-use technologies, where commercial tech meets national security, and it’s propelling economic growth and improving public services,” Oh said.

SVIP is often an entry point for startups that might not have otherwise worked with government. For instance, Birmingham, AL-based SVIP startup Analytical AI was recently awarded a $20 million contract with the Department of Homeland Security for its image-based artificial intelligence (AI), used for object recognition screening at airports. The development of those algorithms also enabled the company to work with the U.S. Army to outfit the next generation of mine-resistant ambush resistant vehicles with AI-powered ability to screen for possible IEDs. Another SVIP startup from Brisbane, Australia, female-founded  FloodMapp , was awarded a flood modeling contract from the City of Boston in April to provide real-time flood monitoring. This technology will help Boston’s Emergency Operations Center target areas for evacuation and flood mitigation, support ongoing emergency response efforts with real-time mapping, and understand maximum flooding extent in order to distribute disaster relief and streamline damage assessment.

S&T’s work with these startup companies is force-multiplying; ultimately an investment in cutting-edge capabilities that are not only commercially sustainable, but that also meet the immediate needs of the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) operational components. That is why events like Demo Week are so critical—the feedback given not only helps to shape the course of the R&D, but also helps to expand horizons and imagine new use cases.

This year, 36 SVIP startups, including Analytical AI and FloodMapp, presented their technologies in a new “Shark Tank” style format, where a panel of experts asked them questions live on-stage in front of an audience. The “sharks” brought a blend of operational, technical, and business expertise to challenge the companies and help the audience of startups, federal employees, and prospective financiers better understand the technologies to help identify potential collaborative opportunities. Separate expert panels judged different topic areas, including sensors, healthtech, computer vision, data analytics, cybersecurity, digital credentials, and digital wallets. The sharks asked probing questions to ensure participants had anticipated a pathway to commercialization and the potential challenges.

Beyond the pitch sessions, additional Demo Week panels featured thought leadership discussions among DHS experts and provided insights to startups on how to engage with the public sector. In one panel, Partnership Pathways for DHS R&D and Commercialization, startups heard from representatives from other Office of Industry Partnership (OIP) programs about a variety of ways to engage with the Directorate, including through prize competitions , the Homeland Security Startup Studio , and the DHS Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program .

“We’re hyper-focused on ensuring that we have a portfolio of programs that are available to innovators of all sizes. So, we don’t want to just do all small businesses, we don’t want just all large businesses. We’re really focused on diversifying the people that we work with, the companies we work with, bringing new ideas to the Department, and working with our end users to get new technologies into their hands. And developing a commercial market for Homeland Security technologies,” said Megan Mahle, director of OIP.

As part of the AI-focused Empowering the Technologists Who are Securing Our Future panel, DHS Chief Technology Officer David Larrimore lauded the startups as the ones “building products people need, not just what will sell.” Another panelist, Graham Dufault, general counsel for the nonprofit ACT|The App Association, said he is really impressed with SVIP for its public-private engagement model and hinted that DHS is further along than other federal agencies in developing these types of programs.

“One of the really important things that SVIP has done was to build bridges to companies that may not necessarily have a federal client base in mind but that have a customer base that they’re looking to serve,” Dufault said. “They’re developing a software tool or device that’s going to be really amazing for this use case but also, with a couple of tweaks, would be incredible put into service as something for [DHS].”

During her keynote speech, Jody M. Hardin, executive director of U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s Office of Field Operations Innovation and Strategy Directorate, welcomed this, saying that “as quickly as technology is advancing, we also need insights from experts like all of you on how technology can be used by our adversaries and help us anticipate and close those gaps.”

Oh reminded the audience that the goal of the event is to create a “dynamic space for collaboration, discussion and discovery.” When she asked for a show of hands of how many had connected with someone during Demo Week that could become a potential collaborator, hands shot up across the room.

“This is what I’m here for, this is what I want to happen,” she said. “Holding this event in Washington, DC, is fantastic. We’re bringing the startups and the agencies together, and I think a lot of magic can come from it.”

To learn more about SVIP’s 2024 Demo Week and access recordings, please visit the Demo Week Event Page . For related media inquiries, contact [email protected] .

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