best jobs with a phd in psychology

10 PhD in Psychology Jobs

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Careers in psychology can last for decades, so you definitely want to pick the right path before you get started.

Psychology is a huge field, and jobs after a PhD in psychology cover a huge spectrum of interests, specialties, and industries.

You’re probably already well aware that those kind of qualifications don’t come cheap. According to 2020 data from NCES, the six or seven years you will spend in grad school getting that PhD or PsyD will run you anywhere from $73,000 to over $155,000 depending on the university.

Before you fork over that kind of cash, you probably want to know what jobs you can get with a PhD in psychology.

PhD in psychology careers are both lucrative and fulfilling. But they require specialization and focus, so you need to think about what area you want to concentrate in before you begin your PhD in psychology program.

These 10 doctorate in psychology jobs are some of the options on the table after you graduate.

1. Clinical Psychologist

Doctorate in psychology jobs don’t get any more iconic than work as a clinical psychologist. You want the office with a couch and people laying on it telling you about their childhood? This is the PhD in psychology career you pick to get it.

Clinical psychologists work directly with individuals and groups who need professional psychoanalysis to help them through mental health issues. Private practice isn’t the only option in this role, though. Plenty of clinical psychologists work in hospitals, clinics, and larger rehabilitation or long-term care facilities. You have a wide range of subspecialties you can choose from, ranging from addiction issues to couples counseling. Or you can remain a generalist, and enjoy the variety of challenges that walk in the door needing your assistance.

2. Research Psychologist

If you aren’t as much of a people-person, but are fascinated by behaviors and thought processes, then becoming a research psychologist may be the right pick for you. Research psychologists don’t engage in one-to-one therapy work, but instead investigate the causes and cures of mental illness in general. That can involve devising and executing psychological experiments, or mining huge databases of behavioral data to uncover trends.

3. Industrial/Organizational Psychologist

I/O psychologists make their mark in the psychology of work. Businesses and other organizations need to understand how group psychology effects productivity, happiness, and cohesion in the workplace. There is a science to workplace dynamics. A doctorate in psychology gives you the toolset to understand how groups interact under the hierarchy and pressure of a factory floor, a hospital ward, or a trading desk. Public and private companies can pay out big bucks for the right kind of advice to make their organizations more efficient and effective.

An online PhD degree can make it easy for you to build up the practical experience you need in this specialty even while you are still studying.

4. Forensic Psychologist

With shows like Criminal Minds and the popular CSI series making a splash in popular culture, a lot of people are pursuing a PhD in psychology with the idea of becoming a forensic psychologist. If you want to understand exactly how twisted and dark the human brain can become, a doctorate is definitely in your future.

But forensic psychologists aren’t usually chasing shadowy figures into dark allies and deducing where serial killers work and play. Forensic psychology is really a specialty that has to do with the psychology of law and legal process. That goes far beyond criminal justice, extending to jury evaluation in civil trials, public policy analysis, and even reviewing laws before they are passed to assess the impact on individuals and society.

5. Educational Psychologist

The human brain is in many ways a learning machine. How we process, absorb, and interpret the world around us is a constant consideration for all psychologists. But educational psychologists specialize in understanding how we acquire, process, and interpret knowledge.

Many educational psychologists work in schools, offering counseling to children, but it’s a broader role than that. Psychologists in this job may evaluate textbooks and curricula to make sure they are optimized for delivering information, or evaluate standardized tests to be sure they are accurately measuring knowledge. Educational policy and legislative development lean heavily on research pioneered by these doctorate in psychology jobs.

6. Developmental Psychologist

Developmental psychology is also concerned with how the brain learns and grows, but it’s a field with bigger fish to fry than just educational matters. It’s the study of mental processes across the lifespan, as the brain and sensory systems grow, mature, and eventually began to deteriorate. Developmental psychologists study and diagnose developmental mental health disorders, playing an important role in pediatric healthcare. But they are also active in researching some of the biggest issues at the other end of the lifespan, looking for ways to cure or treat Alzheimer's and other age-related psychological issues.

7. Social Psychologist

If you’ve ever wondered why a meme goes viral, the social psychology might be the PhD in psychology career for you.

Social psychologists take on some of the most fascinating challenges in the field: they specialize in how individuals both influence and are affected in their thinking by interacting with others. Group think is a thing, and how it happens is the province of the social psychologist. They examine how cultures come from shared thought patterns, and how those patterns both fulfill and constrain the thoughts of people within them.

Understanding social interactions and psychological effects is important for big companies, governments, and healthcare organizations. Social psychology researchers also have plenty of impact on marketing and sales campaigns, right down to picking out the colors for product logos.

8. Health Psychologist

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, health psychology has developed into one of the most fascinating branches of the field. The world has turned into a showcase of reactions to the coronavirus, from panic to outright denial, providing data that will feed future health psychology PhD dissertations for decades.

But it’s also a moment in which more people than ever need the kind of help and advice that health psychologists can offer. From counseling patients on ventilators and in isolation to advising public health agencies on the best campaigns to increase vaccine acceptance rates, health psychologists have had their shining moment thrust upon them. With new recognition of the importance of professional PhD counseling in healthcare, that moment isn’t likely to fade anytime soon.

9. Sports Psychologist

Becoming a sports psychologist is a dream job for any sports fan. Since there are a lot of sports fans in the United States, that makes it a particularly tough field to get into. But the rewards are massive.

Sports psychologists can and do work with pro athletes in any kind of competitive event, including big names who play for major teams. They might work for the teams themselves, advising on team building and coaching processes. In other cases, they work with individual athletes to maximize performance or help with injury recovery.

But sports psychologists play important roles in rehab and assisting amateur athletes, too. Not everyone needs to work for an NBA team to get satisfaction and deliver real results in this field.

10. Neuropsychologist

We saved the toughest job for last. Neuropsychologists explore the boundaries between the mental and the physical. They study the physiological processes underlying thoughts, perceptions, and feelings for a better understanding of how people think. That gives them an edge in determining when problems are purely psychological, or have a basis in physical injury or disease.

The reverse is also true, and neuropsychologists play an important role in research by helping the field of brain science interpret findings of imaging and experiments by translating them into effects on mental processes. New understanding of traumatic brain injury and diseases like Alzheimer's come out of neuropsychology research. It’s one of the most rewarding PhD in psychology jobs you will find.

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What Can I Do With My PhD in Psychology? 10 Job Options For You

Unlock your potential with a PhD in Psychology. Discover diverse career paths, from clinical practice to research, and make a meaningful impact on lives.

Derek Pankaew

Jun 13, 2024

What Can I Do with My PhD in Psychology: 10 Job Options for You

Introduction to phd in psychology career options.

A PhD in psychology can open doors to a wide range of career opportunities and higher pay. With this advanced degree, students can pursue various career paths, including clinical practice, research, education, and applied psychology. Deciding which path is suited to your needs, interests, and educational background requires careful consideration and research.

A PhD in psychology is often a requirement for many high-level positions in the field. It allows individuals to specialize in areas such as clinical psychology, counseling psychology, forensic psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, and more. This guide explores ten job options available to those with a PhD in psychology, providing insights into the roles, requirements, and work environments.

Exploring Career Paths in Psychology

Before diving into specific job options, it's essential to consider your career goals and preferences. Think about how long you’re willing to continue your education , where you envision yourself working, and which areas of psychology interest you the most, such as mental health, research, or education. Common areas of employment include education, business, healthcare, and government.

Jobs in Mental Health

Clinical psychologists.

Clinical psychologists assess, diagnose, and treat individuals experiencing mental or emotional health issues. They often work in hospitals, counseling centers, schools, health clinics, or private practice. Clinical psychologists may treat people experiencing a range of mental health conditions, from anxiety and depression to severe mental illnesses. A PhD in psychology is often required for these roles, though some positions may accept a master's degree with supervised clinical hours.

Example: A clinical psychologist might work in a hospital setting, providing therapy to patients with severe mental illnesses, or in private practice, helping clients cope with anxiety and depression.

Mental Health Counselors

Mental health counselors have many of the same job duties as clinical psychologists but tend to focus more on helping individuals overcome issues affecting their daily lives. Educational requirements can vary, but mental health counselors must have a minimum of a master’s degree in psychology, counseling, or education. They may work in hospitals, counseling centers, schools, health clinics, or private practice.

Example: A mental health counselor might work in a school, helping students manage stress and anxiety, or in a community health center, providing support for individuals dealing with substance abuse issues.

Jobs in Educational Settings

School psychologists.

School psychologists assess, diagnose, and treat children experiencing behavioral, emotional, or academic problems. They may also recommend treatments or work with parents, teachers, and others to help children overcome problems and achieve goals. All states have differing requirements, but most require a minimum of a master’s degree in school psychology. School psychologists may work in schools, hospitals, counseling centers, or private practice.

Example: A school psychologist might work in an elementary school, providing assessments and interventions for students with learning disabilities, or in a high school, helping students cope with emotional and behavioral issues.

Educational Psychologists

Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with schools, teaching psychology, educational issues, and student concerns. Educational psychologists often study how students learn or work directly with students, parents, teachers, and administrators to improve student outcomes. To become an educational psychologist, you will need at least a master’s degree, although many states require a doctorate to practice as a licensed psychologist. Educational psychologists may work in schools, universities, or research institutions .

Example: An educational psychologist might conduct research on effective teaching methods or work with a university to develop programs that support student learning and retention.

Jobs in Applied Psychology

Forensic psychologists.

Forensic psychology involves applying psychology to the field of criminal investigation and law. Forensic psychologists typically have a master’s in forensic psychology at the minimum, but many hold a PhD in clinical or counseling psychology. They may work in various settings, including family courts, drug courts, criminal courts, or private consulting. Forensic psychologists work with law enforcement agencies, courts, or private companies, applying psychological principles to legal issues.

Example: A forensic psychologist might work with a criminal court to assess the mental state of defendants or provide expert testimony in cases involving psychological issues.

Easily pronounces technical words in any field

Industrial-Organizational Psychologists

Industrial-organizational psychologists study workplace behavior and ergonomics, often working to increase productivity or efficiency. I-O psychologists perform a variety of functions, including hiring qualified employees, conducting tests, designing products, creating training courses, and performing research on different aspects of the workplace. I-O psychologists generally need a minimum of a master’s degree, though opportunities and pay are better with a PhD in psychology. They may work in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, or finance.

Example: An industrial-organizational psychologist might work with a large corporation to develop employee training programs or conduct research on workplace motivation and satisfaction.

Human Factors Psychologists

Human factor is an area of psychology that focuses on a range of different topics, including ergonomics, workplace safety, human error, product design, human capability, and human-computer interaction. Human factors psychologists explore the ways that people interact with products and environments. They help design interfaces that are easy to understand to maximize productivity and safety. Human factors psychologists may work in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, or technology.

Example: A human factors psychologist might work with a tech company to design user-friendly software interfaces or with a manufacturing firm to improve workplace safety protocols.

Jobs in Research and Academia

Research psychologists.

Research psychologists conduct studies and gather data to better understand human behavior and mental processes. They often work in universities, research institutions, or government agencies. Research psychologists may specialize in areas such as cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, or social psychology. They conduct research, publish findings, and contribute to the scientific understanding of psychological principles.

Example: A research psychologist might conduct studies on memory and cognition, working in a university lab to explore how people learn and retain information.

Academic Psychologists

Academic psychologists teach and conduct research at universities and colleges. They often specialize in areas such as counseling psychology, clinical psychology, or educational psychology. Academic psychologists may work in academia, research institutions, or government agencies. They teach undergraduate and graduate students , conduct research, and publish scholarly articles.

Example: An academic psychologist might teach courses in developmental psychology and conduct research on child development, publishing findings in academic journals and presenting at conferences.

Alternative Career Options

Consulting psychologists.

Consulting psychologists conduct individual assessments, provide group consultations, and help organizations through their knowledge of psychology. They may create psychological assessments for hiring employees, advise executives on organizational change, or consult on organizational issues. Consulting psychologists work in various settings, including private practice, hospitals, and clinics.

Example: A consulting psychologist might work with a company to develop assessment tools for employee selection or provide executive coaching to improve leadership skills.

Neuropsychologists

Neuropsychologists examine how the brain influences behavior. They study memory, perception, and behavior, along with the effects of injury on the brain. Some neuropsychologists assist patients in figuring out long-term care. Neuropsychologists work in research and development or at hospitals or universities.

Example: A neuropsychologist might work in a hospital, assessing patients with traumatic brain injury and developing rehabilitation plans, or conduct research on neurological disorders at a university.

Health Psychologists

Health psychologists work to understand how biological, psychological, and social factors affect health and wellness. They may study how people react to illness and create plans with other healthcare professionals to improve recovery times. Health psychologists work in hospitals, clinics, and private practice. They assess, diagnose, and treat patients with mental health issues related to health.

Example: A health psychologist might work in a hospital setting, helping patients manage chronic pain through psychological interventions or conduct research on the impact of stress on physical health.

A PhD in psychology offers numerous career paths, allowing individuals to specialize in areas that align with their interests and skills. Whether you are interested in clinical practice, research, education, or applied psychology, there are many opportunities to use your advanced degree to make a meaningful impact.

By understanding the various roles and requirements, you can make informed decisions about your career path and take steps to achieve your professional goals. The journey to finding the right career may be challenging, but with perseverance and a proactive approach, you can build a fulfilling career that aligns with your passions and expertise.

Additional Tips for Psychology Graduates

• Stay Updated with Industry Trends: Keeping up with the latest trends and developments in psychology can give you a competitive edge in the job market.
• Build an Online Presence: Creating a professional profile on platforms like LinkedIn can help you connect with potential employers and showcase your expertise.
• Consider Short-Term Projects: Freelance projects or consulting work can provide valuable experience and help you transition smoothly into a new career path.
• Seek Funding Opportunities: Applying for grants and funding can support your research projects and enhance your academic CV, making you a more attractive candidate for academic positions.
• Develop Soft Skills: Communication, teamwork, and leadership skills are crucial in any career.

In conclusion, with a PhD in psychology, the career possibilities are vast and varied. By exploring different paths, building your skills, and staying proactive in your career development, you can find a rewarding and impactful role in the field of psychology.

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What Can You Do with a PhD in Psychology?

Key Takeaways

• A PhD in psychology will open career opportunities in the fields of research psychology, psychotherapy, forensic psychology, neuropsychology, and even management consultancy.
• Psychology positions have a projected job growth of 6% over the next decade.
• Those who earn a PhD in psychology work in medical settings, government agencies, educational institutions, or in private practice.

If you’re passionate about building a successful career in psychology, earning a doctorate in psychology could get you there. For those who are passionate about the subject but wonder, “What can you do with a PhD in psychology?“, we’ll help you explore your options so you can decide whether a PhD in psychology is worth the shot. 

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With a PhD in psychology, you can pursue various career paths, including research psychology, psychotherapy, forensic psychology, neuropsychology, and even management consultancy. Alternatively, a doctorate also helps you pursue different areas of specialization within the field of psychology.

If you are considering a PhD degree in psychology, you’ve likely already earned your bachelor’s and master’s degrees. However, to progress further into the roles of research, academia, authorship, or lectureship, you have to take the next step. If you’re already employed in a field of psychology, earning a PhD helps you level up.

While a doctoral degree gears you up to become a licensed clinical psychologist, there are plenty of other career options to explore. Here’s a list of the most popular career pathways you can pursue with a PhD in psychology, along with their salaries and growth statistics.

Psychological Researcher

Psychological researchers, or research psychologists, deeply understand the human mind. Their primary duties include conducting experiments to test procedures to explore various aspects of psychology. This includes selecting candidates for clinical trials, administering tests, and carefully observing and documenting the outcomes of their research.

By the time they are done with PhD, psychological researchers are capable enough to review existing literature and contribute to scholarly discussions. Some may serve at universities, while others may work for hospitals or government agencies. If you’re passionate about research and writing, this might be a pretty lucrative field with tons of career opportunities.

• National average salary: $99,577 per year
• Growth: Projected to grow 14% from 2018 to 2028

Clinical Director or Supervisor

The clinical director is one of the most highly paid yet growing careers in psychology . Clinical supervisors monitor psychologists and other mental health professionals to oversee the quality of clinical care provided. They establish best practices for the workplace and check whether the institution complies with regulations in the mental health field.

As a clinical director, you’ll serve in various settings, including mental health clinics, hospitals, universities, or even private practices. Also, these professionals arrange development opportunities for staff members, gather feedback from patients, and delegate cases to team members.

• National average salary: $120,761 per year
• Growth: Projected to grow 28% from 2021 to 2031

Psychotherapist

Like clinical psychologists, psychotherapists support individuals with mental health conditions and help them live a fulfilling life. Unlike clinical psychologists, psychotherapists diagnose more general mental health issues. They closely monitor their client’s behaviors, emotions, and thoughts to develop specific treatment plans for them.

Additionally, they use different tools and therapeutic techniques to develop coping strategies for their patients and improve the way they regulate emotions. A PhD in psychology potentially makes you a perfect fit to deal with the complexity involved in psychotherapy. Ultimately, you understand your clients better to know where they’re coming from.

• National average salary: $115,281 per year
• Growth: Projected to grow 6% from 2022 to 2032  

Psychometrics Specialist

A psychometric specialist looks at assessments to gather information about a patient’s personality, symptoms, and cognitive abilities. They often join hands with mental health specialists to facilitate research or diagnose and treat patients. On top of that, these professionals play a key role in collecting data for research and ensuring its accuracy.

They use a combination of interviews, examinations, and standardized tests to gather data about a patient’s psychological state and decode it to help clinicians and researchers reach conclusions. As a psychometric specialist, you’ll work in research or educational institutions, clinics, government agencies, or independently as a consultant.

• National average salary: $62,264 per year
• Growth: Projected to grow 6% from 2018 to 2028 

Human Resource Director

If you would rather work in an organizational setting, a PhD in psychology also helps build a mindset that prepares you to work in HR. HR directors are highly paid individuals responsible for shaping the recruitment and selection process in an organization. They create and implement corporate policies in areas like talent management, employee relations, and workplace culture.

With a PhD in psychology, you bring a deep understanding of human behavior, emotions, and motivation to the role. Plus, as an HR director, you can use the knowledge from your doctorate to develop thoughtful policies, systems, and resources to support employee well-being.

• National average salary: $116,601 per year
• Growth: Projected to grow 7% from 2021 to 2031

Marketing Director

With a PhD in psychology, you can also serve as a business or marketing director and build a fruitful career. Marketing directors use the knowledge of psychology to bridge the gap between relevant products and customers. Serving at multiple profit or non-profit sectors, these graduates contribute to public relations, management, and technical services.

As a marketing director, your background in psychology equips you with the right knowledge of consumer behavior and effective ways to communicate with them. This, in turn, helps you develop successful marketing campaigns that resonate perfectly with your audience.

• National average salary: $120,014 per year
• Growth: Expected to grow 10% from 2018 to 2028

Management Consultant

Management consultancy is another productive career path you can choose after a doctorate in psychology. Management consultants improve an organization’s efficiency, productivity, and performance. With a deep understanding of psychology, you can easily identify and deal with the underlying issues and patterns within your company.

Plus, management consultants provide feedback and recommendations on addressing employee and business management problems. They might also join hands with top-level management to devise practical solutions that align with the company’s core values.

• National average salary: $108,555 per year 
• Growth: Projected to grow 10% from 2022 to 2032

Forensic Psychologist

Forensic psychology is a rapidly growing field  that requires individual practitioners to obtain a state license. Psychologists in this field work closely with law enforcement to investigate crimes. For a license, you need to complete a doctoral degree from an APA-approved program and have clinically-supervised work experience.

Licensed forensic psychologists assist legal professionals with addressing the psychological aspects of the cases they’re dealing with. For instance, they conduct evaluations, assessments, and psychological testing to understand the case. Once they have come up with logical reasons, they present their findings and opinions to judges and juries.

• National average salary: $87,877 per year
• Growth: Expected to grow 6% between 2021 and 2031

Behavioral Health Specialist

As the name suggests, behavioral health specialists counsel and support individuals with behavioral or mental health problems. They use therapeutic techniques to help patients develop new behaviors and cope with their existing condition. Most importantly, they use their psychological knowledge to identify the root causes of their patient’s behaviors.

If you have a PhD in behavioral health, you can work with patients who have severe mental illness or developmental disorders like autism. The advanced degree helps you set developmental goals for your patients and implement evidence-based treatment plans to guard their well-being.

• National average salary: $54,663 per year
• Growth: Projected to grow 9% between 2018 and 2028

Addiction Counselor

PhD in psychology also enables you to serve as an addiction counselor, where you support patients on their journey to recovery from addictive behaviors. Typically, addiction counselors guide through the rehabilitation process and help manage withdrawal symptoms. They often work together with medical professionals to effectively detoxify clients from drugs and alcohol.

In addition to one-on-one counseling sessions, addiction counselors arrange group therapy sessions. This provides clients with peer support and learning about new experiences and coping mechanisms. They monitor clients throughout the rehabilitation process till they finally achieve sobriety.

• National average salary: $65,310 per year
• Growth: Projected to grow 18% from 2022 to 2032

Prerequisites for Earning a PhD in Psychology

If you’ve made up your mind and want to earn a PhD in psychology, you’ll generally need at least a bachelor’s degree to get in. While some institutions may also require a master’s degree as a prerequisite, it largely depends on the program you’re opting for. Some universities offer combined master’s and doctoral degrees, so you get both degrees at once.

However, the most integral part of your PhD program is the area you’ve chosen. When applying, it’s recommended to thoroughly research the specialties the universities on your radar are offering. This isn’t just about coursework since the topics of your dissertation will also depend on your chosen concentration.

Plus, to make sure you quickly get through the admission process, it’s important to prepare for it beforehand. While the specific requirements depend on your university, here’s a list of some basic prerequisites when applying for a PhD in psychology:

• A bachelor’s degree in psychology or a related field
• A master’s degree (depending on the institution)
• Strong academic record
• Letters of recommendation
• Relevant research experience or coursework
• Statement of Purpose (SoP)
• Interview (as a part of the application process)

Benefits of Earning a PhD in Psychology

Even if you’re sure about earning a PhD in psychology, it’s best to take a look at the benefits to check whether they align with your future goals. While the time required to complete a PhD may be significant, the benefits you reap make it worthwhile. Here’s an overview of the pros of getting a PhD in psychology:

Obtaining a License

Earning a doctorate in psychology is the only path to practice independently as a licensed psychologist. A license allows you to diagnose and treat mental disorders and provide therapy sessions to clients.

Better Employment Opportunities

Many employers, including those in the educational sector, prefer PhD holders over candidates with a master’s in psychology . This is due to years of experience and practice acquired through a doctoral program. For instance, PhD holders are often preferred for faculty positions, research roles, and leadership positions.

Skill Development

PhD holders are seen as authorities in the field of psychology  and research. Through extensive training and coursework, PhD students develop advanced knowledge and skills in areas like research methodology, statistical analysis, and clinical assessments.

High Paying Positions

Doctoral degree holders in psychology are paid way higher than those with bachelor’s degrees. The difference in salary reflects the higher earning potential that comes with advanced degrees in psychology. For instance, candidates with a PhD may easily qualify for higher paying positions in academia, clinical practice, research, or consulting.

Related Questions

What do you learn in a doctorate program for psychology.

In a doctorate program in psychology, you dig deeper into the field of psychology. For instance, you study research theories and methods and do your own research for a dissertation. Most PhD programs also allow you to gain hands-on experience in real clinical settings through an internship program.

Where can you work with a doctorate in psychology?

Fortunately, you can choose from plenty of workplace options once you get your PhD in psychology. You may work as a psychologist in a clinic or even begin practicing privately. Some individuals with a doctorate serve at government agencies, hospitals, and even educational institutions.

How long does it take to get a PhD in psychology?

Generally, getting a PhD in psychology takes around 5-8 years , including some hands-on experience and a year-long internship. However, it’s worth noting that PhD programs are highly competitive. So, the earlier you prepare for your dream university for your psychology degree , the sooner you can secure a spot.

We hope we’ve adequately answered the question “What can you do with a PhD in psychology?” for you and you have more clarity about whether this is the right path for you. Whether you’re into clinical practice, research, or social service, a doctorate in psychology can accommodate your personal preferences if you pick the right area for yourself.

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What Psychology Careers Require a PhD, PsyD, or EdD?

Social service and mental health career psychologists, government and public service psychologists, education and academic psychologists.

In some industries, your ability to be successful is not affected by whether or not you have earned a doctorate degree. Unfortunately, psychology is not one of those industries. While a bachelor’s and master’s degree in psychology can qualify you for many psychology and counseling jobs, earning a doctorate in psychology ( PhD, PsyD, or EdD degree ) can be very valuable and may even be required for your success as a professional psychologist.

What Can You Do With a PhD or Doctorate in Psychology?

There are many specialty areas within doctorate psychology programs and each will lead you into a specific career path. Before you sign up for 7 more years of school you’ll want to be confident that you know what you want to do in your doctorate career and once you graduate. Consider talking with your academic advisor, mentors, other PsyD, EdD, or PhD professionals, and anyone else who may give you valuable input and advice as you create and execute your plan to earn your doctorate.

Careers That Require a Doctorate Degree

Below you’ll find additional information on common careers and employment areas that are pursued by students with a doctorate in psychology. Some of the most common industries where these doctorate-level psychologists work include mental health, government, business, and education. You’ll want to explore each area to get a better idea of which one might be a fit for you.

Mental health and social services are two of the most popular career fields for psychology graduates. Not only is there strong demand for professionals in these fields, psychologists can expect to earn a decent income and have the opportunity to work directly with patients struggling with mental illness and other ailments. While a master’s degree in psychology is the minimum requirement for some entry-level social service and mental health career psychologist positions, most of the best jobs are reserved for psychologists with a doctorate in psychology. Some of the most popular positions within this area of psychology include:

• Clinical Psychologists – Clinical psychology is one of the most stable sectors of the psychology industry. Clinical psychologists are always in demand and can work in a variety capacities within several industries. They diagnose and treat individuals suffering from mental illnesses and typically work in direct patient care settings. Most clinical psychologists hold a PhD in psychology or a PsyD.
• Counselors – Like clinical psychologists, counselors work in direct patient care settings and strive to help individuals improve the quality of their lives. However, where clinical psychologists treat mental illness and disorders, counselors address emotional issues that negatively affect an individual’s personal life. Counselors typically have a master’s or doctorate degree in counseling or psychology.
• Social Workers – Surprisingly, a large number of psychology majors end up working as social workers for public, government and non-profit social welfare agencies. Like clinical psychologists and counselors, social workers are frequently involved with the care of individuals suffering from mental or emotional illness. Entry-level positions in social work require a bachelor’s degree, but more and more social workers are obtaining a master’s degree in social work, psychology or a related area. A few will go on to earn a doctorate degree.

A growing number of graduate degree holding psychologists are finding careers with public service and government agencies. Federal, local and state agencies employ psychologists to work in research and social welfare, at public hospitals and clinics, and as mental health counselors and evaluators at correctional facilities. A few of the most common careers in these sectors include:

• Social worker
• Social service manager
• Parole officer
• Mental health counselor
• Rehabilitation counselor
• Vocational counselor
• Mental health specialist
• Behavior analysis specialist
• Psychosocial specialist
• Administrators and managers

Psychologists work within elementary educational systems to develop more effective educational, child development and special needs programs, and to counsel emotionally and mentally challenged children. At the college and university level, they’re employed as researchers, teachers, and professors. Psychologists working within secondary education are usually required to obtain at minimum a masters degree. To work at the university level, a doctorate degree in psychology is required. Common psychology careers within education include:

• School Psychologists – School psychologists work directly with individual students who are dealing with emotional and behavioral problems that affect their academic performance and ability to interact with other children. School psychologists typically have a master’s degree in psychology, education or a closely related field.
• Educational Psychologists – Educational psychologists are often confused with school psychologists, but they are very different fields of psychology. Where school psychologists assess, diagnose and treat emotional and behavioral issues of individual students, educational psychologists are concerned with the overall quality of education, curriculum, and programs for all students. Educational psychologists study how students learn and work with parents, teachers and school administration to improve academic outcomes for an entire student population. Educational psychologists are typically required to obtain a doctorate degree in psychology or education.
• School Counselors – School counselors are responsible for helping children who are struggling emotionally or behaviorally to improve their academic performance, emotional health, and social interactions. They may also provide vocational and career counseling in high school and college settings. A bachelor’s degree in a relevant field is often the minimum requirement to become a school counselor, although a master’s degree may be required depending on where you work.

Psychology and Business Careers

While a large percentage of psychologists opt for a more traditional career in education, public service, or mental health care, a growing number of psychology professionals, known as applied psychologists, are putting their skills and knowledge to work in the private sector. Applied psychologists use their expertise in psychology to improve vital business processes, enhance product design and develop effective workplace policies and procedures. A master’s degree in psychology is often sufficient to get started in applied psychology but the best positions and career opportunities require a doctorate degree. A few of the most popular career paths for applied psychologists include the following:

• Industrial-organizational Psychologists – Not only are Industrial-organizational Psychologists (aka, I-O Psychologists) in high demand they are also some of the best-paid professionals in the field of applied psychology. It is not uncommon for seasoned I-O Psychologists to make over $120,000 a year. I-O Psychologists use their unique knowledge of psychology to improve workplace productivity and efficiency for public companies, private companies, and organizations of every type. They perform a variety of functions, such as conducting performance tests, improving product design, developing corporate training programs, and hiring qualified employees and managers. A master’s degree in psychology will qualify individuals for entry-level positions in industrial-organizational psychology but a doctorate degree is the degree of choice if you want to advance in this field.
• Forensic Psychologists – Recognition and popularity of forensic psychology has skyrocketed over the last decade, as has the demand for forensic psychologists. In short, forensic psychologists apply psychology in all aspects of criminal investigation and law. Forensic psychologists perform a number of functions including psychological analysis, expert witness, mental evaluation and private consulting. Forensic psychologists must have a master’s degree in forensic psychology but many hold a PhD in forensic or clinical psychology.

For those willing to put in the time and effort to earn a master’s or doctorate degree in psychology the career options and opportunities are endless. However, if you want to get the most from your graduate degree we highly recommend that you determine your future career path before you get started.

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31 Awesome Careers With a Psychology Degree [2024 Updated]

Careers in psychology.

If you are wondering what careers are possible with a psychology degree, the short answer is that there are many. One of the benefits of having a psychology degree is that it prepares you for many different types of careers in many different fields of work. That’s due in part to the wide variety of knowledge and skills that one acquires while studying psychology.

It’s also due to the fact that so many different jobs depend on an understanding of human behavior on some level. Whether it’s working as a counseling psychologist, a forensic psychologist, a college professor, or something in between, a degree in psychology is a good way to prepare for many different fields of work.

Below is a list of 31 psychology careers you might pursue with a background in psychology.

Aviation Psychologist

Aviation psychologists combine their studies of human behavior and aviation to provide services to airports, airlines, and government agencies that make flying safer. This might include working for an airline to conduct behavioral assessments on pilots or devising stress tests for government agencies like the FAA, or aiding in the design of airports to facilitate improved travel.

As of June 2023, according to ZipRecruiter, the average salary for an aviation psychologist is $93,038 per year .

Behavioral Disorder and Mental Health Counselor

With a master’s degree in psychology , one can pursue a career as a behavioral disorder and mental health counselor . Counselors in this field treat people that have any number of mental health difficulties, from eating disorders and behavioral disorders (i.e., attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) to mood disorders (i.e., depression) and personality disorders (i.e., schizoaffective disorder).

Though the needs of each client might vary widely, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors approach treatment by evaluating their client’s needs, developing goals for treatment, and helping clients develop the skills they need to function better, among other things.

As of May 2023, workers in this field earn an average yearly wage of $80,698 .

Career Counselor

Career Counselors are professionals who are trained to assist people identify an area of the workforce or particular job that will be fulfilling to them based on their interests, goals, and abilities. Career Counselors work with individuals who are at a variety of life stages. They may be ready to enter a higher education program, seeking to change careers at midlife, or planning for a future job change to meet new goals.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for career counselors, as of May 2022, is $64,200 per year.

Case Manager

A career as a case manager can begin with as little as a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology . Workers in this field act as liaisons that coordinate services for people that cannot do so themselves, like children or the elderly. For example, a case manager might help an elderly client fill out paperwork for Medicaid and find financial assistance to pay for rent.

As of May 2022, the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated that the median annual salary for case managers is $74,240 .

Child Life Specialist

The primary role of a child life specialist is to prepare children and their families for major medical events like chronic illness or hospitalization. For example, they might teach pediatric patients coping strategies that help them deal with the stress of being severely ill. Child life specialists typically work in a hospital setting as a member of a larger medical team.

In general, child life specialists make between $46,000 and $71,000 per year, with the median falling at about $58,000, reported as of early 2023.

Child Protection Specialist

An entry-level position for people with a bachelor’s degree in psychology is a child protection specialist. These workers investigate reports of child neglect or abuse, usually on behalf of a state agency like Child Protective Services. In this role, child protection specialists interview families, assess the level of danger for the child, help families build skills to break the cycle of neglect, and work with law enforcement to remove children from abusive homes.

As of May 2023, PayScale reported that workers in this field earn an average of $53,842 per year.

Community Service Manager

A common line of work for individuals with a background in psychology is as a community service manager. In this position, workers coordinate with different stakeholders to improve the well being of different community members. For example, if homelessness is identified as a problem, a community service manager might spearhead the development of a program that helps homeless people find work or mental health care.

As of May 2022, the median yearly wage for this career is $74,200 .

Correctional Treatment Specialist

A correctional treatment specialist is responsible for evaluating people on probation or parole , with the specific goal of developing a rehabilitation plan aimed and helping the probationer or parolee to avoid further run-ins with the law. For example, they would play an important part in developing job training programs in prisons so individuals have skills that will help them gain employment upon their release.

According to a 2022 report by the Bureau of Labor statistics, correctional treatment specialists earn $64,920 per year , on average.

Counseling Psychologist

Counseling psychologists typically work in private practice or in an institutional setting where they provide counseling services to clients with mental health needs. This often takes the form of individual therapy to treat a host of mental disorders, from anxiety and depression to post-traumatic stress disorder and bipolar disorder.

Through the counseling process, psychologists help their clients recognize the issues that are impacting their ability to function, identify strengths they can rely on to improve their life situation, and develop resources to cope with the difficulties that arise from having a mental health issue.

ZipRecruiter notes that counseling psychologists, as of May 2023, make on average $86,012 per year.

Developmental Psychologist

Typically, developmental psychologists are employed in the research sector, where they evaluate the processes involved in human development across the lifespan. In addition to exploring how things like behavior and personality develop in the childhood and adolescent years, psychologists that work in this field also examine topics related to adulthood like the development of relationships, aging, and death.

Some developmental psychologists work in a clinical capacity as well. For example, they might provide counseling services to developmentally disabled children or consult with other professionals to develop programs that help older adults stave off mental decline.

As of June 2023, developmental psychologists make an average of $81,360 per year.

Educational Counselor

An educational counselor is a highly trained psychological professional who provides a number of services to children, teachers and parents in a school setting to help students achieve academic and social success usually in an academic setting. An educational counselor spends most of their time providing direct services to the student.

While these services can vary quite a bit depending on the setting and a student’s needs, generally an educational counselor will provide services along three continuums: academic, social/developmental and career.

The median salary for educational counselors, as of May 2022, is $64,200 per year.

Family Therapist

A family therapist is a trained and credentialed psychotherapist with a masters or doctoral degree, plus a minimum of two years’ of clinically supervised experience. They are licensed to diagnose and treat mental health and substance abuse problems. Studies have shown that family therapists are often very helpful in the treatment of depression.

One of the core perspectives of a family therapist is based upon systems theory: no one individual operates in isolation; family members are interdependent and one person’s actions and behaviors influence those of another person within the family system.

Therefore, if one person changes, this change affects the other people within the system and the dynamics of their inter-personal relationships change accordingly. “Family” is defined as those people with whom a client has strong connections and feels supported by; they are not necessarily bound together by blood. A family therapist will treat individuals, couples or families.

According to ZipRecruiter, as of May 2023, the average salary for marriage and family therapist is $82.926 per year.

Forensic Psychologist

Typically, forensic psychologists have a master’s degree or doctorate in psychology with a specialization in forensics. This training allows workers in this field to assess individuals that are part of the legal system. This typically involves tasks like evaluating defendants to determine fitness for trial, consulting with law enforcement agencies on the potential characteristics and motivations of a criminal that’s being pursued.

Forensic psychologists also serve as an expert witness in court proceedings in which their testimony paints a picture of the defendant’s mental state or capacity.

According to Indeed, as of May 2023, forensic psychologists earn a median yearly wage of $104,907 .

Grief Counselor

Grief counselors specialize in counseling people that have experienced a loss, be that a spouse, a child, or another loved one. Typically, grief counseling is done in a one-on-one setting, though group therapy is common as well. The purpose of grief counseling is to help the bereaved work through their pain and emotions and return to normalcy.

According to Glassdoor, as of June 2023, the median annual wages for a grief counselor stood at $70,889 .

Guidance Counselor

A guidance counselor usually works in a high school to provide testing and support services for students to prepare for their post-secondary lives. For example, a guidance counselor might help a college-bound student to determine which college to apply to or help students that wish to join the military to fill out the proper paperwork or arrange a meeting with a local recruiter.

Guidance counselors earned an average of $64,200 per year as of May 2022, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Health Educator

The primary role of a health educator is to teach specific populations about health-related issues that impact them. For example, a health educator might work with teens to teach them about safe sex. Likewise, they might develop educational materials for people suffering from obesity about how to improve their diet.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported in 2022 that the annual yearly salary for health educators was $66,710.

Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

Though psychology is the study of human behavior on the individual level, industrial-organizational psychologists focus on human behavior within the context of organizations, most often, the workplace.

Industrial-organizational psychologists most often work in areas related to human performance, career development, organizational development, and similar topics, and use their knowledge to address workplace issues like improving employee morale, developing employee training and recruitment programs, and restructuring organizations to improve their efficacy.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that based on 2022 salary data industrial-organizational psychologists can expect to earn around $144,610 per year, on average.

Laboratory Assistant

Workers with a bachelor’s-level education in psychology may find many work opportunities as a laboratory assistant. Psychology research is a popular field for workers with more advanced education and experience, and they need assistants to help them conduct research into a variety of psychological topics.

Laboratory assistants might be responsible for anything from interviewing potential subjects for an experiment, managing the tasks related to the experiment itself, collecting and analyzing data, and writing reports on the findings of the research.

The median income for laboratory assistants, as of May 2023, is $51,913 , though the pay range extends from a low of $34,000 per year up to $70,000 per year.

Market Research Analyst

Businesses don’t just devise a new product and put it to market. Instead, the development of a product (or service) requires a lot of behind-the-scenes work from many different stakeholders. One important person in that process is the market research analyst .

These workers collect data to determine everything from what consumers want to buy, the specific age ranges of consumers that would be interested in a product, to how much a company should charge for a product or service. Market research analysts often collect and analyze data on a company’s competitors and the consumer marketplace as a whole as well.

The median salary for market research analysts, as of May 2022, is $78,880 per year.

Police Officer

In their duties to protect citizens and property, many police officers have to rely on psychological principles to not only understand the behavior of criminals but to communicate effectively with criminals and victims alike. As such, a background in psychology can be highly useful, particularly in high-stress situations like responding to emergency calls and interviewing suspects.

Likewise, the meticulous nature of collecting evidence and writing detailed reports are made easier with the research and reporting emphasis in undergraduate psychology studies. The median salary for police officers, as of May 2022, is $99,410 per year .

Probation Officer

The role of a probation officer is to oversee the rehabilitation of individuals that have been convicted of a crime.

The rehabilitation process involves many aspects that are closely related to psychology, including arranging basic social services like job training, providing educational opportunities for skill building like improved decision-making, and coordinating with other specialists like psychologists to ensure the client receives the support that’s needed to stay on the right side of the law.

As of May 2022, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, probation officers earn an average yearly wage of $64,920 .

Psychologist

Licensed psychologists must have a doctorate in psychology or a related field. This background in human behavior can be used for different types of careers as a psychologist. Some psychologists work directly with clients, providing therapeutic services to people with emotional, behavioral or mental disorders. This might be done in the context of individual therapy, couples therapy, or even group therapy.

Other psychologists focus on research and developing a better understanding of human behavior by conducting experiments, collecting data, interpreting data, and reporting their findings.

The wages psychologists earn is highly dependent upon their specific field of work and their level of education. However, the average yearly salary for all psychology occupations is $106,420 .

Psychiatric Technician

Working as a psychiatric technician usually requires just a bachelor’s degree in psychology or a related field. Typical job duties revolve around providing care for patients that have developmental disabilities, behavioral disorders or psychiatric illnesses.

Psychiatric technicians often monitor patients’ vital signs, provide assistance with activities of daily living (i.e., bathing, dressing, etc.), administer medication, and oversee therapeutic and recreational activities for patients. However, the duties performed by psychiatric technicians can vary widely, especially if they work in a specialized area like in a psychiatric ward in a hospital or an inpatient drug and alcohol treatment center.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of May 2022, workers in this field make an average of just under $40,760 per year.

Psychometrist

Psychometrists are responsible for designing psychological assessments, administering them to clients, scoring them, and analyzing the data.

Primarily, psychometrists function to assist others in the field of psychology by providing them with evidence-based data on individual clients. This might be done by administering and scoring an intelligence test or an IQ test, which can be used to help develop a patient profile or treatment plan.

Likewise, information garnered from psychological assessments can be used to determine a person’s fitness for a particular job, such as a police officer or member of the military. Psychometrists are master’s level workers, with many holding a doctorate.

As of April 2023 the yearly pay range for workers in this field is anywhere from $31,000 to $62,000 .

Psychology Professor

Many people with a master’s degree or doctorate in psychology work in the education field as a psychology professor, most often after completing a career in another area of psychology.

For example, a clinical psychologist that practiced for 20 years can use their education and work experience to transition into teaching college students that wish to pursue a career in clinical psychology .

Likewise, someone with experience in experimental psychology can find employment teaching and conducting research at a college or university, again, drawing on their education, skills, and work experience to teach the next generation of psychologists.

According to the American Psychological Association, tenured psychology professors earn an average of $94,218 per year .

Rehabilitation Counselor

Rehabilitation counselors are tasked with assisting people that have developmental disabilities, emotional disabilities, or physical or mental disabilities to live as independently as possible. In that context, rehabilitation counselors provide counseling to individuals and groups that help clients build skills required to adjust to their disability.

Likewise, workers in this field are responsible for evaluating each client’s abilities, developing appropriate treatment plans, and making arrangements for clients to receive needed services, like occupational therapy, speech therapy, and job training.

As of May 2022, with a master’s degree in psychology, workers in this field earn an average annual wage of $40,020 .

Sports Psychologist

Sports psychologists are trained professionals who work with professional athletes, helping them to improve and maintain various aspects of their life and athletic performance. They usually work one to one with athletes in a variety of sporting fields, but may also be involved with specific teams or sports.

Sports Psychologists focus on providing therapy, physical training, and consulting with athletes who want to improve their performance. However, they also work with athletes off the field, assisting them with rehabilitation or helping them to transition out of athletics.

Some sports psychologists also specialize in research, studying new ways to help athletes achieve success. According to the American Psychological Association’s (APA), the salary for sports psychologists can vary significantly. Most professionals can expect to earn between $60,000 and $80,000 a year, with some annual salaries reaching $100,000.

Social and Human Services Assistant

A bachelor’s degree in psychology is good preparation for a career as a social and human services assistant . These workers provide critical services such that their clients have the resources they need to live healthy, comfortable lives.

Social and human services assistants often meet with clients to assess their needs, develop a treatment plan for their clients, and research services that might provide their clients needed assistance, like Medicaid or rent subsidies. Often, workers in this field must coordinate with other professionals, like social workers, to ensure the spectrum of the clients’ needs are met.

As of May 2022, social and human services assistants make, on average, $41,600 per year .

Social and Community Service Manager

The duties of a social and community service manager entail oversight of programs that provide social services and community services to the public.

Community service managers can draw on their studies in a psychology degree program to better serve their community through effective communication, robust research and writing skills, and the ability to analyze and interpret data to draw evidence-based conclusions.

Workers in this career field often conduct outreach activities to raise community awareness of critical problems or programs to address those problems, write grants to procure funding for community programs, and advocate for groups that are underserved as well. Workers in this field can expect to make $74,240 per year , on average.

Substance Abuse Counselor

Substance abuse counselors typically need a master’s degree in psychology or a related field. This career draws on an understanding of human behavior, how substances like alcohol and drugs influence behavior, and effective methods to treat substance abuse in various populations.

Substance abuse counselors not only evaluate their clients’ current mental and physical state, but they also work with their client to explore their addiction, reasons why it might have begun, and the ramifications of their addiction on their social, mental, emotional, and physical health.

A significant part of this job is developing a treatment plan and working with the client to help them achieve the treatment goals.

According to Indeed, as of May 2023, substance abuse counselors earn a median annual wage of $57,210 .

Because there are heavy requirements for research and writing in most psychology undergraduate and graduate programs, they are ideally suited for preparation as a writer .

In this line of work, there are virtually unlimited possibilities, with some writers working for themselves and self-publishing books, eBooks, and so forth, while other writers work for publications creating content for a specific audience, like writing self-help articles on psychology-related topics. With such a variety of possible employment in this field, there is also a wide variety of salaries.

On average, writers earn $91,500 per year , though the pay range extends from a low of well under $40,000 per year to well over $150,000 per year.

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10 Best Careers with a PhD in Behavioral Health

With a doctorate in behavioral health, especially a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy), an individual becomes trained in all aspects of observing and understanding human behavior. This qualifies them to research human nature on a small or large scale, as well as publish findings about why people do the things they do.

While many PhD in Psychology degree holders go on to teach in their specific field, those with PhDs in behavioral health are uniquely suited for lucrative careers in a broad range of industries, from mental health treatment to product engineering.

SEE ALSO:   Top 4 Online PhD in Behavioral Psychology Programs

Those with doctoral degrees have the lowest levels of unemployment and will enjoy some of the highest earnings over the course of their careers, according to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Let’s explore some of the non-professorial or academic research-focused roles that could be filled by someone with a PhD in behavioral health.

Wellness Program Consultant

Wellness program consultants assist companies and large organizations in developing and implementing broad health and wellness programs among their employees, monitoring adherence and results and recommending adjustments to further ensure compliance with programs. Depending on the individual’s training and interests, they could specialize in understanding and influencing particular types of behavior, such as focusing on nutrition, emotional health or exercise.

While these individuals may work within organizations, they’ll likely find the most success as independent consultants and researchers.

Salary range: $75,000-$100,000

Behavioral Health Therapist

Behavioral health therapists work with individual clients and patients to observe and track their behavior and response to various events in life, making recommendations to modify reactions and helping make behavior modifications to improve emotional and mental health.

They will most frequently work within institutions, though they could establish their own practices, but it’s important to note that additional licensing and certification may be needed in their state.

Salary range: $75,000-$170,000

Medical Science Liaison

Working within companies that develop and sell pharmaceutical products, medical devices and other healthcare-related items, medical science liaisons maintain contact with physicians and others within the relevant field to ensure their employer’s products are used effectively and advise their contacts on new data or upcoming advances in treatment.

These individuals will most frequently work within drug companies or medical device manufacturers, though they could also work in biotechnology and related fields.

Salary range: $100,000-$120,000

Director of Public Health

Often working for state and local governments or federal agencies, public health directors are responsible for the management of public health programs and organizations. Depending on the size of their departments (these are often run on a county-wide level), these individuals will direct and/or participate in public health awareness programs and events, as well as monitoring and reporting information on the state of local public health.

Public health directors will usually work for government organizations.

Salary range: $70,000-$100,000

Health Policy Researcher

Health policy researchers use math and scientific statistical analysis methods to explore, understand and model the effects of political and legislative forces on the entire healthcare landscape. They analyze impacts on states and healthcare organizations and make recommendations to further the public good and/or their employers’ organizational goals.

While they often work within governmental organizations, they are most often employed by insurance providers and medical groups.

Health Services Analyst

Often working within organizations that provide healthcare and therapeutic services, these scientists take a data-driven approach to understanding the overall effectiveness of the services provided by the employer, as well as ensuring adherence to regulations and established standards. They compile reports and explain results to other members of the staff and may make recommendations for improvement.

These individuals will most often work within large healthcare organizations.

Salary range: $85,000-$100,000

Community Health Program Director

Most frequently serving this role at a nonprofit, a community health program director manages all facets, both internal and external, of community health and advocacy programs. Potential organizations include those serving at-risk groups, such as victims of domestic violence, those with autism or individuals battling addiction.

While they may find opportunities in the business sector, these individuals will usually work within the nonprofit space.

Salary range: $70,000-$95,000

Behavioral Data Scientist

A role that’s very much in demand among companies that use algorithms and machine learning to support their primary business functions, which is most companies that produce any goods or services for public consumption, behavioral data scientists bridge the gap between numbers and human behavior. They use advanced analytics and their knowledge of why people do what they do to develop systems and make recommendations to support organizational goals.

As with most jobs related to data science, these individuals are in high demand all across the U.S. and global economy.

Salary range: $115,000-$130,000

Social Scientist

Social scientists use their background in behavioral health, combined with research into specific behaviors and decision-making to develop a deep understanding of human behavior as it relates to an employer’s products, goals or other business objectives. They then explain results to teams within the organization, making recommendations around project changes, offerings or other business metrics.

They’ll find the bulk of opportunities within the private sector, particularly in technology and finance companies.

Salary range: $100,000-$175,000

Psychometrician

Using both psychology and advanced mathematics, psychometricians analyze data relating to intellect, personality, mental and emotional health and other factors as outlined by the organization’s goals. Their assessments often are used in admissions in academic settings or hiring and promotions within companies.

They work primarily in higher education, though there also are opportunities either within or independently advising large companies or the military.

Salary range: $90,000-$140,000

Getting a PhD, any PhD, is a grueling and time-intensive prospect, and when the program centers around observing human behavior, which isn’t always pretty, if someone makes it all the way to the end of their educational journey, it’s clear they’re quite passionate about understanding why we humans do what we do.

As long as there are people and companies, organizations and agencies that are centered on providing those people with goods and services, demand will always be high for experts on human behavior, how to influence it and how to make the best of human nature.

• Note: Information on job descriptions and salary range was gathered from Indeed and Glassdoor in late February 2019.
• U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Unemployment Rate by Educational Attainment. (2018.) Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/emp/chart-unemployment-earnings-education.htm
• Things You Can Do With a Doctorate In Psychology Degree. 2019 (N.D.).  Retrieved from:  https://psydprograms.org/50-things-you-can-do-with-a-psychology-degree/
• Highest Paying Psychology Careers in 2019. (2019). Retrieved from  https://psydprograms.org/top-highest-paying-psychology-careers/

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80+ Jobs in Psychology to Consider

Careers and Roles for Psychology Majors

Psychology Jobs in Therapy and Research

Applied psychology jobs, psychology jobs in the workplace, psychology jobs in healthcare, psychology jobs in education.

• More Options
• Finding the Right Career

The field of psychology offers numerous career paths both traditional (i.e., clinical and counseling) and specialized (i.e., aviation, traffic, workplace, etc.). Look through this partial list of psychology careers to narrow down your options to those that interest you most. Some of these career options are purely psychology; others are less related but still rely on the knowledge and skills acquired while earning a psychology degree .

As of 2019 , the demand for psychologists is expected to grow by 14% through the year 2026.

Art Therapist

Art therapists utilize the expressive and creative arts to help clients cope with psychological distress and to enhance emotional well-being. People who work in this field are trained in both psychotherapy and art. By using art, clients can communicate feelings, express creativity, explore different aspects, of personality, and cope with stress.

Art therapy is often used in a variety of situations, including:

• Adults suffering from chronic or severe stress
• Children with disabilities
• People who have suffered brain injuries
• People who have witnessed or experienced a traumatic event

Clinical Psychologist

Clinical psychologists  assess, diagnose, and treat clients struggling with psychological disorders. These professionals typically work in hospital settings, mental health clinics, or private practices.

Although clinical psychology is the single largest employment area within the field of psychology, there are still plenty of jobs available for qualified professionals. In order to become a clinical psychologist, you must have a doctoral-level degree in clinical psychology and most states require a minimum of a one-year internship.

Counselors help people with a wide variety of problems, including marriage, family, emotional, and substance use issues. While requirements vary, almost all states require at least a master's degree in order to become a licensed counselor. Typical work settings include schools, colleges and universities, hospitals, and mental health clinics.

Finding Your Niche

The best job for you is the one that you truly love, of course, whether it involves providing therapy, conducting research , or solving real-world problems. Before you decide on a career, think carefully about your goals, interests, and desired work setting.

Geropsychologist

As the population of older adults continues to grow, the demand for professionals to attend to their mental health needs also increases. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by the year 2030, 21% of the population will be age 65 or older.

"Geropsychologists do everything from keeping older adults mentally and physically healthy and vibrant to working with those who are frail and have cognitive impairments," explains Deborah DiGilio, director of APA's Office on Aging . Geropsychologists can work in a wide range of areas, from providing mental health services to aging adults to designing products that make life easier for the elderly.

Experimental Psychologist

Do you love creating psychology experiments?  Experimental psychologists  use scientific methods and design research studies that explore many different topics within psychology. Social behavior , cognitive processes, personality, and human development are just a few of the topics that experimental psychologists might investigate.

People working in this field often specialize in a particular area such as cognitive psychology, educational psychology, or personality psychology. They may also be employed in a variety of settings ranging from universities, government agencies, research centers, and nonprofit organizations.

Consumer Psychologist

As retailers become more concerned with attracting new customers, the need for psychologists to understand consumer behavior in order to develop effective marketing campaigns has grown.  Consumer psychologists  not only study why people purchase goods and services, but they also analyze how family, friends, culture, and media messages affect buying behavior.

Some tasks that a consumer psychologist might perform include:

• Working with consumer focus groups to determine how appealing a particular product might be
• Developing advertising and marketing campaigns to appeal to a target audience
• Conducting theoretical research on shopping and buying behavior

Forensic or Criminal Psychologist

Forensic psychologists  apply psychology to the fields of criminal investigation and law. This has rapidly become one of the hottest psychology careers thanks to numerous portrayals in popular movies, television programs, and books.

While the field may not be as glamorous as it is depicted in the media, forensic psychology is still an exciting career choice with a lot of potential for growth. These psychologists often work with other experts to scrutinize insurance claims, perform child custody evaluations, and investigate suspected child abuse.

If you are interested in this area of psychology, you might want to also consider the related field of criminal psychology.  Criminal psychologists  perform a variety of duties such as developing profiles of criminals, assessing convicted criminals to determine their risk of re-offending, and helping law enforcement catch online predators.

Engineering Psychologist

Engineering psychologists  use psychology to investigate how people interact with machines and other technology. These professionals use their understanding of the human mind and behavior to help design and improve technology, consumer products, work settings, and living environments.

For example, an engineering psychologist might work as part of a team to redesign a product to make it more efficient and easier to use in a work situation. Those working in academic settings report the lowest earnings, while those working in the private sector report higher salaries .

Sports Psychologists

Sports psychologists  focus on the psychological aspects of sports and athletics, including topics such as motivation, performance, and injury. The two major areas within sports psychology are centered on helping to improve athletic performance or using sports to improve mental and physical health.

Sports psychologists work in a wide variety of settings including universities, hospitals, athletic centers, private consulting practices, and research facilities.

Traffic Psychologist

Traffic psychology is an emerging field that involves applying psychological principles to understanding driver behavior. Some areas in this field include:

• Designing vehicles that are safer and more ergonomic
• Researching how people use transportation
• Searching for ways to improve traffic safety and prevent auto accidents
• Studying the relationship between driver behavior and traffic accidents

Traffic psychology often involves a multidisciplinary approach, combining fields such as social psychology, behavioral psychology, and cognitive psychology.

For example, traffic psychologists might assess how perception and cognition influence performance during a driving task. They might also look at how individual personality affects a driver's  emotions ,  attitudes , and risk-taking behavior while driving.

Career Counselor

Thanks to the rapidly changing job market, many people are searching for a new job in their chosen field or even changing careers entirely.  Career counselors  help individuals make career decisions and utilize tools including personality assessments, interest inventories, and other evaluation measures.

They often start by looking at a client's interests, job history, education, and skills in order to determine which careers are a good match. They also help clients work on building skills, practicing interviews, improving resumes, and locating job openings. Assisting clients who are dealing with job loss or employment-related stress is also common.

Aviation Psychologist

Aviation psychology is a relatively little-known subspecialty area of  human factors psychology that involves the study of pilots, air traffic controllers, and other flight crew members. People who work in this field perform a number of different duties, which may include:

• Assessing cabin safety
• Conducting research on aviation safety
• Designing flight decks
• Evaluating prospective employees
• Investigating aviation accidents
• Selecting and training pilots
• Training flight crews in communication strategies and ways to assist passengers with in-flight anxiety

Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

Industrial-organizational psychologists (also called I/O or I-O psychologists) focus on workplace behavior, often using psychological principles to increase worker productivity and select employees that are best suited for particular jobs. There are several different specialty areas within industrial-organizational psychology .

For example, some I/O psychologists train and assess employees, while others evaluate job candidates. While there are some job opportunities at the master's degree level, those with a doctoral-level degree in industrial-organizational psychology are in greater demand and command significantly higher salaries.

One sub-specialty area of the field involves working in human resources management to screen and hire job applicants. These professionals are often involved in designing and administering employment screening tests and selecting job candidates that are the best fit for particular positions within a company.

Genetic Counselor

Genetic counselors help provide information about genetic disorders to couples and families. These professionals typically have graduate training in both genetics and counseling, and many have undergraduate degrees in areas such as psychology, social work, biology, nursing, and public health.

Genetic counselors often work with a team of medical professionals, including doctors, nurses, and geneticists to offer support, guidance, and assistance to families who have a family member with a genetic disorder or who may be at risk of passing down an inherited disorder to their offspring.

Health Psychologist

Health psychologists  study how psychological, biological, and social factors influence health. Two important areas of health psychology include helping people avoid illness and promoting healthy behaviors. Educating people about the causes of illness and teaching healthier habits are just two things that a health psychologist might do on a regular basis.

These professionals often work in settings such as hospitals, universities, health care centers, and government agencies. Some of the job duties they may perform include helping people to lose weight, stop smoking, eat healthily, and decrease stress.

School Psychologist

School psychologists  work in educational settings to help children deal with emotional, academic, and social problems. Thanks to increased interest in the mental health of children and federal education legislation, school psychology has rapidly become one of the fastest-growing fields.

Special Education Teacher

While slightly outside of a traditional psychology career, the field of special education offers a great deal of opportunity for those who enjoy helping children. Special education teachers work with students with a variety of disabilities.

In order to become a special education teacher, you must have at least a bachelor's degree and complete a teacher training program in special education. Because of the increased enrollments in special education programs and a shortage of qualified teachers, demand is strong and expected to grow.

More Career Options in Psychology

Did one of the careers highlighted above catch your eye? Or are you still looking for something that matches your interests and goals? The specific career you pursue will depend largely on your educational background. Some entry-level jobs are open to those with an undergraduate degree in psychology, while others require advanced or graduate-level study.

The following are just a few of the many psychology-related job titles that you might want to explore. Some are directly in the field of psychology, while others require additional training in another field or specialty area.

In either case, having a solid understanding of the human mind and behavior can be beneficial in any of these careers:

• Academic advisor
• Advanced practice psychiatric nurse
• Advertising agent
• Animal researcher
• Animal trainer
• Case worker
• Child psychologist
• Childcare worker
• Cognitive psychologist
• College admissions counselor
• College admissions officer
• College recruiter
• Community counselor
• Comparative psychologist
• Correctional treatment specialist
• Counseling psychologist
• Criminal investigator
• Crisis counselor
• Customer service agent
• Developmental psychologist
• Education administrator
• Educational psychologist
• Elementary school teacher
• Employment interviewer
• Employment recruiter
• Environmental psychologist
• Family and marriage therapist
• Financial aid counselor
• Grief counselor
• Human factors psychologist
• Human resources manager
• Human resources specialist
• Library assistant
• Literary agent
• Market researcher
• Mental health coordinator
• Military psychologist
• Music therapist
• Neurologist
• Neuropsychologist
• Occupational therapist
• Police officer
• Probation officer
• Psychiatric aide
• Psychiatric social worker
• Psychiatric technician
• Psychiatrist
• Psychosocial rehabilitation worker
• Public opinion surveyor
• Public relations specialist
• Recreational therapist
• Rehabilitation counselor
• Research assistant
• School counselor
• Science writer
• Secondary school teacher
• Social psychologist
• Social services specialist
• Social worker
• Statistician
• Substance abuse counselor
• Technical writer
• University psychology professor
• Vocational rehabilitation counselor
• Youth counselor

Before You Choose a Career in Psychology

As you can see, employment opportunities in psychology are diverse. Some careers require only a bachelor's degree in psychology, while others require more advanced degrees such as a master's or doctorate degree.

Spend some time researching different options and learning more about what's required to enter into those fields. Ask yourself if you have the commitment and drive needed to pursue the necessary educational training.

As you examine the variety of psychology careers that are available, think about some of the following questions.

• How well does the career fit your personality?
• What kind of training and education are needed to enter the field?
• Are the average salaries in a given field satisfactory?
• What kinds of things do people in that particular career path do on a daily basis?
• Does the career sound interesting, challenging, and rewarding?

Finding the right career in psychology takes some careful planning. It is important to start thinking about what you might want to do early on. This way you can start planning your educational map in order to achieve your vocational goals.

The Takeaway

The job options listed here are just a few of the many different career paths available in psychology. Remember that no list of predicted "hot jobs" can ever highlight all of the many options that are available in psychology. The important thing is to pick a career that is right for you, your interests, and your long-term goals.

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By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Top 15 Highest-Paying Jobs with a Master’s Degree in Psychology

Earning a master’s degree in psychology is a solid move if you want a high-paying career that has the potential to have a positive impact on individuals and society.

Psychology is a field that encompasses a wide array of subject matter. Not everyone who chooses to pursue a master’s degree in psychology starts off with an undergraduate degree in the field. In fact, nearly any bachelor’s degree can serve as a foundation for a psychology master’s program.

And the beauty of that is that an undergraduate degree in different fields in combination with a master’s in psychology can add a lot of depth and breadth to a graduate’s knowledge and expertise. Just about any field you can imagine relies on some understanding of the mind and human behavior, even fields like business, marketing, IT and data science.

When it comes down to it, most of the fields that people study are human focused in one way or another. Moving on to a graduate program in psychology is a natural next step for many students looking to find a meaningful focus for their careers.

So, is a masters in psychology worth it? Absolutely. A master’s degree in psychology prepares students for advanced careers in diverse fields, from couples counseling to human services and even roles outside the field of psychology that still rely on a strong knowledge of psychological principles. A master’s in psychology can lead to personal growth and better self-awareness, and consistently proves to be a good return on investment since it gives graduates access to well-paying jobs.

So, you may be asking at this point, exactly how much can I make with a masters in psychology? The answer is that the range of salaries is as broad as the kind of jobs you’ll be eligible to compete for. As you will see here, the salary range is anywhere from just below $50,000 to upwards of $100,000 based on data reported by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Of course, independent therapists have the potential to earn much more than this.

You can choose from different types of psychology masters degrees , whether you want to receive a terminal degree or one focused on doctoral preparation, or even one in a specialized area, like a criminal psychology master’s degree .

Here are some of the highest-paying jobs that you can get with a master’s degree in psychology. Some involve serving individuals and families, some focus on successful business, and others are specific to niches like forensics or sports.

Mental Health Counselor

Mental health counselors make an average of about $48,000 per year.

Recreational Therapist

Recreational therapists develop and roll out treatment plans to help patients use recreational activities to improve their health, both physically and mentally. Their patients have disabilities, injuries, or illnesses and recreational therapists often work in hospitals, nursing homes, and parks and recreation departments.

The average salary for a recreational therapist is $48,000.

Marriage and Family Therapist

Similar to a mental health counselor, a marriage and family therapist helps patients cope with and solve issues that arise in their personal relationships. Their work isn’t limited to spousal issues, but instead they consider the mental and emotional health of the entire family unit. Some specialize in children or couples’ therapy specifically.

A marriage and family therapist usually makes about $51,000 per year.

Social Worker

A social worker focuses on the social support that people in their communities need. Social workers provide counseling and guidance to their clients and ensure that they have access to the resources that will benefit them. This is a role that usually involves a master’s in social work specifically (MSW), but it’s a degree and discipline that is heavy in psychology and a perfect option for psychology undergrads.

A social worker earns about $52,000 annually.

Research Assistant

A psychology research assistant can make about $54,000 per year, often while working toward a doctorate.

Career Counselor

School and career counselors help students develop academic and social skills and guide them toward careers that align with their work history and skillset. They also often help people find the kind of vocational training (or re-training for people changing fields) they need to compete in the current job market. Understanding how an individual thinks, behaves and what their proclivities and propensities are is necessary to understanding how to help them plan their futures.

These counselors earn an average of about $58,120 per year .

Special Education Teacher

A special education teacher working with children who have disorders and disabilities that can range from vision impairment to severe autism spectrum disorder, will find that a master’s in developmental or child psychology will prepare them for the job. Some special education programs that meet the requirements for teacher certification offer concentrations in these areas. The education and training an advanced degree provides equips special ed teachers with the expertise to attend to the learning, emotional, and social development needs of students, along with skills to implement the individualized education plans they need to learn effectively.

A special education teacher makes about $61,500 a year.

A life coach, also called an executive coach or enrichment specialist, works with clients to guide them toward achieving their life vision. This can mean everything from meeting personal weight loss goals to leading a company to set new benchmarks. A background in psychology is perfect for understanding how clients feel and think, what contributes to their patterns of behavior, and what motivates them to reach their goals.

Life coaches, classified as health education specialists, earn an average of $62,120 per year.

Survey Researcher

Survey researchers in psychology design and conduct surveys related to everything from community health to consumer behavior, and then analyze the data to find useful information in the numbers about how to better serve people, or more skillfully market to them. Surveying is critical to psychological research, and to developing the kind of social programs that are known to have a real impact on the people and communities they are designed to serve.

A survey researcher earns an average salary of $66,970.

Sports Psychologist

Sports psychologists deal with the psychological elements of athletic performance, everything from focus and motivation to the kind of performance anxiety made famous in the recent Olympic games when Simone Biles described getting the “twisties.” There are master’s degree programs specifically in sports psychology designed for professionals interested in helping athletes keep their heads in the game.

These professionals can make a comfortable living helping athletes, with clinical psychologists working for college athletic teams earning an average of $86,160. Of course, in the professional leagues, salaries just go up from there.

School Psychologist

Most school psychologists hold master’s degrees in psychology. School psychologists work with children to diagnose and treat problems related to learning and behavior, and anything else that can disrupt healthy academic and social development. In addition to the reward of knowing that they help kids overcome academic, social, emotional, and behavioral problems, school psychologists generally enjoy career stability, good salaries, and the kind of benefits that most people would love to have.

School psychologists earn an average of $89,000 annually.

Forensic Psychologist

Most forensic psychologists get into the field as consultants and expert witnesses with a master’s in psychology that includes a focus in forensic psychology. Working on all sides of the criminal justice system, they provide the kind of expert testimony that can turn a case, and also help law enforcement develop criminal profiles and train detectives on the psychological aspects of criminal investigations.

Someone with a master’s degree working in forensic psychology may make up to $100,130 per year, while independent consultants can make even more.

Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

In this applied psychology role, industrial-organizational psychologists use their training in psychology to solve workplace issues related to everything from productivity and redundancy to worker morale and safety. From office layout to the design of industrial production plants, almost all modern workplaces incorporate our knowledge of how people think and behave to thoughtfully design the safest and most productive work environments possible.

An I/O psychologist will earn $113,000 a year, on average.

Diversity and Inclusion Manager

An in-demand subset of training and development managers are those specializing in diversity and inclusion in the workplace. A diversity and inclusion manager develops, implements, and monitors strategies to promote diversity and inclusion.

A diversity and inclusion management position i s one of the highest paying jobs a psychology master’s degree can get you, coming with an average salary of $115,640.

Engineering Psychologist

Engineering psychologists focus on improving the design of systems, operations, and equipment to increase productivity and efficiency and reduce injury. It’s a fascinating field that takes what we know about human behavior and responses to design everything from consumer products to industrial machinery to make them safer and more intuitive for the people who use them. Engineering psychologists need a master’s degree to begin work in the role, while doctorates aren’t uncommon for upward mobility in the field.

Engineering psychologists working in scientific and technical consulting earn an average of $116,210 per year.

The Highest-Paying Jobs in Psychology Go To Professionals with the Highest Degrees

As you can see, the highest paying master’s degrees in psychology jobs bring in some pretty comfortable salaries. But work your way up to a PhD in psychology salary and it’s possible in some cases to see those numbers rise even higher, with jobs like private practice clinical therapist, neuropsychologist, geropsychologist, and many more specialty positions.

What field in psychology pays the most? That would be psychiatry. While a psychiatrist is considered a full medical doctor who needs to complete medical school and a residency, some people decide to first earn a master’s in psychology to get started in the field, working their way up to becoming a residency trained psychiatrist. Once you’ve arrived, you can expect an average salary of $217,000 a year.

2020 US Bureau of Labor Statistics salary figures for Psychologists and related professions reflect national data, not-school information. Conditions in your area may vary. Data accessed November 2021.

11 Careers for I-O Ph.D. Grads

Top careers in i/o psychology.

Industrial organizational psychology programs are available to undergraduate and graduate students.  Perhaps you took an introductory course in I O psychology while earning your bachelor’s degree.  Advanced education and training are essential for career advancement.  A master’s degree may be sufficient for many roles in I O psychology, but a doctorate degree can improve job prospects and income potential.  Organizational psychology degrees are offered by many top universities. 

I O psychology has been around since the 1920’s.  The first person to earn a PhD in industrial/organizational psychology was Bruce V. Moore.  He went on to make significant contributions to the field.  Dr. Moore created a strong I O psychology program at Penn State.

Featured Schools

Related resource:  Top 25 Campus-Based Industrial-Organizational Psychology Master’s Degree Programs

But as with so many careers, the more education you have, the more variety you are likely to have in terms of:

• places of employment
• compensation

Getting your Ph.D. in I O psychology certainly opens up your career prospects on all three of these measures.

What can you do with a PhD in psychology ? If you’ve taken the time to get a doctoral degree in industrial organizational psychology, then you know that there are a wealth of career options for you. Doctoral programs in I O psychology prepare graduates to work in areas like:

• business and marketing
• market research
• human resources
• organizational development
• government agencies

What Does an Industrial Organizational Psychologist Do?

While the specific duties of your job will depend on your job title and place of employment, there are some basic responsibilities you can expect to have in any organizational psychology related career.

On a primary level, all I O psychologists apply their knowledge and understanding of psychology to the workplace.  You will lean on your years of education and experience in psychology to:

• improve employer-employee relations
• design an intake assessment for new employees
• increase productivity among employees

This application of psychology to the workplace setting can take many different forms. You might:

• Train new hires
• Improve the organizational structure of a business
• Oversee hiring practices
• Consult with human resources
• Conduct psychological research
• Improve the workplace environment
• Research consumer behavior
• Assess employee job performance
• Assist with company transitions, like mergers and takeovers

Again, some of these tasks are more common than others, and depending on your specific place of work, you may or may not be involved in all of them.

What Can I Do With a PhD in Psychology? 

Let’s explore some of the most popular career paths for I O psychology graduates.  Below we explain some popular industrial organizational psychology job titles .  

Individual Assessment and Psychometrics Specialist

In some companies, industrial organizational psychologists are tasked primarily with conducting assessments. Though the type of assessments will vary from position to position, the role of a psychometrist is to evaluate employees.  They want to place them in a job that best fits their skills.

For example, if you work for a manufacturing company, one of the assessments you give to prospective employees might be a hand-eye coordination test. This test could be highly informative as to whether or not a potential employee has the basic physical skills to keep up with a fast-paced assembly line.

As another example, you might be in charge of evaluating current employees. You might use interest inventories to see if there is a different job that fits their interests better. Likewise, you might conduct employee evaluations to see what their attitudes are like regarding management and the work environment.

Yet another aspect of this type of organizational psychology job is to develop bespoke assessments for your employer. You might create an employee screening test that looks for desirable skills that would benefit the company’s bottom-line.

Not only would you develop the measure but you might also be in charge of:

• analyzing test items
• calculating norms
• conducting statistical analyses
• writing assessment instructions

Engineering Psychologist

Unlike industrial organizational psychologist jobs like human resources that focus on the human side of the workplace, engineering psychologists focus on the physical aspects of the work environment.  They study how people interact with technology.

As an engineering psychologist, you might be asked to evaluate the safety of the workplace and identify potential areas where employee safety might be at risk. After this evaluation, you would make recommendations regarding how to reorganize the workplace to make it a safer environment for employees.

As another example, you might be hired by a company to analyze how consumers interact with a new product. You might oversee various trials in which volunteers use a product and report on their user experience. Your job would be to:

• collect that data
• interpret it
• use it to make recommendations on how the product can be improved for a better consumer experience

Research Psychologist

A number of industrial-organizational psychologist jobs are in research.  I O psychology professionals conduct research in a number of different settings including:

• colleges and universities
• nonprofit organizations
• governmental agencies (including the military
• and large business enterprises or corporations

For example, you might develop a longitudinal study that examines the relationship between paid leave and job satisfaction at a private company. This kind of research would seek to answer the question, “Does more paid leave result in higher job satisfaction?” In conducting this kind of research, you could help business leaders determine the right amount of paid leave to offer employees that enhance their satisfaction with the job, but that doesn’t negatively impact production or the company’s bottom line.

Think of industrial psychology jobs in research as looking at the big picture. You might study individual workers’ behaviors. You might examine small groups within a business or organization. Or you might evaluate the entire ecosystem of an organization. But at the end of the day, the research you do is intended to identify problems in the workplace and mitigate those problems through research-based methods.

College Professor

Some of these individuals teach. Others do research as referenced a moment ago more broadly. Still other people who earn a doctorate degree in this I O psychology focus on both teaching and writing.

Typically, career opportunities in academics come only after working in the “real world” in I O psychology. This is to say that college professors usually have experience in the field, and can draw on that experience to further their capabilities as a professor, researcher, or both.

In fact, the vast majority of psychology professors at colleges and universities have held positions outside of academics first. So, as a hopeful college professor, you will need to gain some on-the-job experience in I O psychology first, and then begin your career in academia later on. This doesn’t mean you need to work for 30 years in the field, but certainly having 5-10 years of job experience in I O psychology will help.

Behavior Analyst

Industrial organizational psychologists can use their knowledge and training in human behavior to become a behavior analyst.

As a behavior analyst, you might be asked to analyze the behavior of a company’s employees as they work on the floor of a manufacturing plant. Your goal would be to examine how environmental factors in the workplace affect employee behavior and on-the-job performance.

Furthermore, you might be tasked with considering how to change the workday to improve productivity. For example, if a company has noticed a downturn in employee productivity, you might be asked to explore what the cause of that lack of productivity might be. 

As you dive into the problem, you might find that a recent change in the work schedule is the culprit, and make recommendations to create a new schedule that better adheres to the times of greatest employee productivity.

As a behavior analyst, you aren’t just looking to identify problem behaviors and correct them. Instead, you want to be able to:

• describe a person’s behavior
• develop an understanding of it
• identify the circumstances in which certain behaviors occur
• devise ways to change behaviors for the benefit of the person (and the company, too, of course)

Human Resources

A significant cohort of women and men who earn a doctorate in industrial and organizational psychology work in the field of human resources. They do so in a number of different ways. 

For example, these professionals might work in human resources departments of larger business and governmental agencies. They may work as human resources specialists or as a human resources manager.  In this capacity, you might expect to have responsibilities that include:

• Interviewing and hiring new employees
• Developing effective training programs
• Training employees
• Improving workplace productivity
• Mediating workplace conflicts
• Assessing and evaluating employees
• Creating professional development opportunities

In some cases, you might be asked to represent individual workers in the company. For example, if an employee is facing termination, you might be asked to advocate on their behalf.

You might have a more specialized role.  Some I O psychology professionals work as training and development specialists or in ergonomics.  They might work in management consulting to provide outside perspectives and strategies to improve the organization.

Ultimately, the goal of a human resources position is to ensure that the overall culture within the business or organization is one of teamwork and respect for all employees.

Staffing and Recruiting Manager

A related career path to human resources is to become a staffing and recruiting manager.

As the job title indicates, this position focuses solely on recruiting new talent and helping fill vacant positions within a company. You would oversee all hiring processes. You would likely also be responsible for developing employee training programs.

Being able to identify a person’s potential requires you to lean heavily on your knowledge of psychology. You’ll need to utilize skills related to:

• interviewing
• predicting behavior
• analyzing behavior as well

What’s more, understanding what motivates people is hugely important. This position often requires you to direct efforts to retain employees. Leveraging your understanding of what employees find motivating can help you keep the best employees around for the long-term.

Executive Coach

Even the organizational leaders of Fortune 500 companies don’t have all the answers when it comes to the ideal direction for their company. That’s where executive coaches come in.

As an executive coach, you will consult with senior leadership executives to develop organizational and managerial skills that will help the company move forward in a positive direction.

In some cases, you might work directly with a single company executive. In others, you might be responsible for coaching the entire executive staff. Additionally, some executive coaches work with mid-management and lower-tier employees, usually in the capacity of encouraging ownership of the company vision and getting buy-in for company-wide changes.

Regardless of who you’re working with, your job as a coach involves a heavy dose of:

• assessing people
• developing professional development plans for them
• creating strategies for achieving goals
• effectively improving their job performance

Organizational Culture Specialist

Another area in which a person with a doctorate in industrial organizational psychology works is as an organizational culture specialist.

Industrial and organizational psychology jobs in this field involves researching and analyzing different aspects of the organization including:

• understandings

This research has the objective of translating these intangibles into a shared, cohesive sense of organization among employees of a business, members of an organization, and so forth.

For example, you might help develop an organizational mission statement that rallies employees behind a common cause. As another example, you might make recommendations about a corporate structure such that a culture of inclusivity is fostered between employers and employees, and within the different departments within a business as well.

Organizational Effectiveness Consultant

Another possible career for a Ph.D. graduate in industrial organizational psychology is an organizational effectiveness consultant.

A consultant in this capacity usually works hand-in-hand with executives and upper management to establish a clear set of goals for the organization. You might:

• define management processes
• help establish long-term goals for the company
• assist company leadership in developing a roadmap for achieving the company’s goals

In some cases, companies might have their own in-house organizational effectiveness consultant. More commonly, though, you would be an independent consultant that’s brought in to get the company headed in the right direction. PhD psychology jobs may also be available through consulting firms. You would then repeat the process with another client, and then another, and so on.

Public Relations

As a public relations specialist, your focus is on understanding what customers want, reaching target markets, and helping companies foster and maintain a positive public image.

This position isn’t just about branding and building consumer trust, though. Public relations is also about:

• identifying consumer needs
• evaluating public opinions
• helping craft marketing messages that resonate with consumers

Of course, another dimension of public relations is helping mitigate negative press. Understanding how to create a narrative – and control that narrative – is paramount in order to focus the public’s attention on what you want them to hear.

Which Career Path is Right for You?

As noted in the introduction, a doctoral degree in this field opens up many different career paths for you.  The most difficult part is likely deciding which of these paths best aligns with your interests and skill set.  Jobs for PhD in psychology graduates are available throughout the country.  If you’ve completed your bachelor’s degree or master’s degree and are ready to take your career to the next level, a PhD might be the right choice for you!

Fortunately, this is a rapidly growing field with a lot of potential for job growth. Though there aren’t many industrial organizational psychologists in the United States ( only about 610 , according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics), demand for I O psychology services is expected to grow in the coming years.

This field of psychology also pays quite well. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports a mean annual wage of nearly $113,000.  I O psychology graduates like yourself will likely have high demand and high wages awaiting you upon graduation.

Sean Jackson

B.A. Social Studies Education | University of Wyoming

M.S. Counseling | University of Wyoming

B.S. Information Technology | University of Massachusetts

Related Resources:

• What Can I Expect from an Industrial-Organizational Psychology Ph.D. Program?
• What are the Most Important Elements of an Industrial-Organizational Psychologists Job?
• Top 15 Industrial/Organizational Certificate Programs
• What Are Psychomotor Skills?

MA vs. MS in Psychology: Which Graduate Program Should You Pursue?

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Updated: September 12, 2024 , Reading time: 9 minutes

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Introduction to Psychology Graduate Programs

The cost of higher education is rising rapidly. As a result, more and more students are looking for degrees that lead to high-paying careers and better job stability . Masters in psychology are included in several rankings for the best degree for a strong return on investment .

Masters in Psychology programs are not exclusively offered only to those with bachelor’s degrees in psychology. These advanced degrees can be pursued by anyone who shows an interest in understanding human behavior. Yet, they may need to show proof of the basic foundation of psychological concepts .

Masters in Psychology graduates have a bright future ahead of them. According to recent Labor Statistics data, psychology careers will grow 7% from 2023 to 2033. With an average annual salary of $92,740, graduates can look forward to rewarding financial prospects.

Beyond financial gains, masters in psychology programs also bring along other benefits , such as:

• Networking Opportunities
• Professional Development
• Personal Fulfillment

Did you know that Master’s in Psychology programs are highly customizable? With over 20 specializations to choose from, you can shape your studies to fit your personal interests and career goals.

This flexibility not only helps you focus on what you’re passionate about but also gives you more control over your future earnings and work environment.

Just a quick overview: among the highest-paid psychology majors are:

• Industrial Organizational Psychology
• Forensic Psychology
• Clinical Psychology
• Neuropsychology
• School Psychology

Students who want to pursue a psychology master’s program have two options:

• Master of Arts in Psychology
• Master of Science in Psychology

Each degree has its own strengths and can open different career paths, so choosing the right one depends on your specific career goals and interests.

In this post, we will intensively dive into the differences between an MS and an MA in Psychology programs. By the end of the article, you should have an idea of which best suits you.

What Is A Master of Science in Psychology Program?

Master of Science or MS psychology programs are practice-oriented programs. These programs dive deep into how psychological principles shape our understanding of motivation, behavior, learning, and emotions . It’s all about making these concepts practical, so you’ll see how biological, environmental, and societal factors influence individuals and groups in real-world settings.

These programs usually require 33-36 credits to complete. Students usually graduate in three years, depending on their course load and whether they study full-time or part-time. Some of the most common courses in MS psychology programs include:

• Research Methods in Psychology
• Statistics for Psychology
• Biopsychology
• Cognitive Psychology
• Social Psychology
• Developmental Psychology
• Clinical Assessment

Common specializations are experimental, developmental, learning, and cognitive psychology.

As an MS in Psychology student, you’ll get hands-on experience applying theories to tackle social and organizational challenges.

You’ll also learn to conduct and analyze psychological research, all while following the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA). This program is designed to help you develop the skills to address professional issues and make a real impact effectively.

Because MS in Psychology doesn’t focus much on practical counseling skills, they aren’t usually used to get a license.

Instead, MS psychology programs often serve as a springboard for those aiming to pursue a PhD later. Their focus on the scientific aspects of psychology is very useful for research or entry-level roles in mental health and forensic psychology.

However, compared to an MA, an MS offers fewer opportunities for direct practice. The most common career paths for MS psychology graduates are:

• Research Scientist
• Data Analyst
• Clinical Research Coordinator
• Behavioral Therapist
• Forensic Psychologist
• Human Resources Specialist
• Academic Advisor

Exploring the Master of Arts in Psychology Program

On the other hand, MA Psychology programs are designed for students who want to emphasize the practical application of psychological principles. These programs concentrate more on hands-on skills and direct practice.

Similar to MS psychology programs, MA usually requires 33-36 credit hours. However, instead of doing research, MA students are required to engage in supervised internships or practicum experiences. Sample coursework for MA psychology programs include:

• Assessment and Evaluation
• Clinical Practice
• Counseling Techniques
• Crisis Intervention
• Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychology
• Human Development
• Psychotherapy

Coursework plus hands-on experiences in MA psychology programs are directed to help students pursue practice-based careers. Furthermore, MA programs are known to offer more specialization options than MS degrees.

Some of the most common roles pursued by MA psychology graduates include:

• Mental Health Counselor
• Marriage and Family Therapist
• School Psychologist
• Clinical Therapist
• Rehabilitation Specialist

MS vs. MA in Psychology

When deciding whether to pursue a Master’s in Psychology, consider these factors:

According to the Education Data Initiative, MA degrees in psychology are more expensive than MS programs . There are two main reasons for this.

• Program Structure

MA programs sometimes include additional components like internships , practical training, or capstone projects, which can increase costs due to associated fees or resources.

• Demand and Market Value

The higher cost of MA programs could reflect their perceived value in the job market. As MA degrees often lead to roles with higher salaries, such as clinical or counseling positions, the programs may charge a premium.

Personal Interests

Consider what excites you the most. If you’re passionate about conducting experiments and analyzing data, the MS route aligns with those interests. But if you’re drawn to direct client work and practical skills, the MA’s focus on hands-on experience might be more fulfilling.

Career Goals

When choosing between an MA and an MS in psychology, think about your career goals :

• MA Programs : These focus on practical, hands-on work, preparing you for careers in counseling, therapy, or social services. They teach skills for working directly with people, which is ideal if you want to be a therapist or counselor.
• MS Programs : These are more about research and data. They prepare you for jobs that involve analyzing data, designing research studies, or working in academia. If you’re interested in doing research or plan to pursue a PhD, an MS might be a better fit.

Whether you pursue an MA or an MS in psychology, you will have a challenging time. This is especially true for those maintaining responsibilities, such as work or family commitments.

Here are a few general tips on how to succeed in masters in psychology programs:

1. Ensure academic fit.

Students do better when they pursue something they’re passionate about. Look into the program’s curriculum, faculty expertise, and the experiences of current students to determine if the program matches your academic and professional objectives.

2. Commit to mastering time management.

Balancing graduate school and work can be tricky, and multitasking doesn’t help as much as we think. The American Psychological Association (APA) says switching between tasks can actually cut our productivity by 40%. Instead, focus on managing your time effectively.

One common mistake is the “planning fallacy”—underestimating how long tasks will take. To prevent this, track how you spend every hour of your week. This will help you see where your time goes and adjust your schedule accordingly.

3. Apply coursework learning to your career.

While it’s crucial to keep work and school separate—like not checking work email during class—there are times when combining them can be really beneficial. Since your job and studies are likely related, try to apply your coursework to your current role.

For instance, you could use a class project to address a real issue at work or implement new ideas you’re learning in your studies to improve processes in your job. By linking your assignments to your work, you can deepen your understanding of both and make your education more relevant to your career.

4. Tap your network for support.

Balancing grad school, work, and personal life can be tough. Keep friends, family, and colleagues informed about your new commitments to avoid misunderstandings. You also need to network with your broader academic community actively .

Here are a few tips on how to network with ease:

• Get involved in APA divisions or specialized groups to expand your network. Attend conferences, participate in job fairs, and take on active roles to boost your visibility.
• Overcome shyness by joining social events and preparing a brief introduction about your research. Be mindful of networking challenges for women and minorities by engaging with supportive groups.
• Build a professional online presence and use social media to share your work and connect with others. Seek help from mentors for networking and always follow proper etiquette, like sending thank-you notes.

Here are a few practical tips for research in an MS in Psychology program

• Focus on a specific niche concept or disorder within your study.
• Thoroughly review existing research on your topic . Create a research folder with relevant published papers. This will help with easy citation and inspire your project.
• Dive into your research project with enthusiasm.

Our best pieces of advice for aspiring MA in Psychology students to land the best internship opportunities :

• Find and compare internships that match your career goals.
• Connect with field experts through social media and university contacts.
• Seek internship opportunities and referrals from your professors. You can also use your school’s career services.

Key Takeaway: Investing in a Master’s in Psychology Program for Career Success

Both MA and MS programs in psychology offer valuable paths to achieving your goals. The best choice depends on your long-term objectives, interests, and what you hope to gain from the program.

Explore your options to find the program that best prepares you for your future in psychology.

Additional Resources:

• Best Online Master of Psychology Graduate Schools
• Cheapest Online Master’s Degree in Psychology
• Fastest Online Masters in Psychology

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