12 page research paper example

Free 12-Page Essay Samples

509 samples of this type

Enhancing Marketing Strategies: A Comprehensive Approach

Problem Definition The present-day market is characterized by rather strong competition and a rather hostile environment for organizations that cannot adjust their marketing strategies to their updated or newly developed brands. Therefore, it is vital for this company to examine the effects that promotional tools associated with the use of...

Islamic Conversions in Medieval West Africa

Introduction Islam is one of the leading religions globally to date. Thanks to its widespread in most regions worldwide, scholars and religious fanatics have always wondered about the factors that facilitated the huge spread of Islam. Africa, a continent that has raised most of the questions based on the origin...

Care Conditions in Nursing Practice

Introduction The quality of pre and post-operative care provided to adult patients determines the outcome of the condition, the speed of recovery, and the long-term results of their management. Nursing care for patients before any operation should be focused on making the patient comfortable in a bid to prepare them...

Construction Management: Organizations, Cash Flow & Controls on Site

Types of organizations Organizations are formed based on certain factors such as ease of formation, ability to raise capital, taxation, control of the business, and distribution of liability. Construction businesses are formed in different types of organizations. They can be a proprietorship, partnership, or corporations. Joint ventures When a project...

The Designs and Patents ACT 1988

Nowadays, it has become a commonplace assumption that the enactment of various copyright laws is being solely concerned with protecting people’s intellectual property, as something that has a value of ‘thing in itself’. Such assumption, however, cannot be referred to as thoroughly valid. The reason for this is simple –...

How long does it take to write a 12 page essay?

It will take you 5 to 10 minutes to type one page on a keyboard. However, if you need to write a 12 page essay from scratch, it will take you not less than 12 to 13 hours.

How many paragraphs is a 12 page essay?

A paragraph in academic writing should be at least 75 words long. So, a 12 page essay is to contain 30 to 39 paragraphs.

What does a 12 page essay look like?

A 12 page essay is a typical college assignment. You might need to write such a paper in almost any field: biology, religion, or marketing. Its key aim is to demonstrate your critical thinking and your knowledge of the topic.

How to write a 12 page essay in one day?

A 12 page essay should be planned well. The first thing you need to do is formulate your thesis statement (or, in other words, the main idea of your paper). Then break it into several parts and turn each of them into a topic sentence. These simple steps will help you organize your thoughts.

What are some good 12 page essay topics?

A 12 page essay is quite an extensive task. When choosing a topic for it, think of something that won’t sound oversimplified. You might want to focus on World War II, religion, or obesity.

The Impact of Teacher Unionization Upon the Education of Students

Introduction Teacher unions were formed basically to give teachers a collective bargaining power and a way to air their views. According to statistics by the NEA and AFT by the year 2004 an estimated 45% of the teachers in public schools are members of one union or another. Teacher loyalists...

Hybrid Intelligent System for Credit Approval in Banks

Executive Summary The use of credit by consumers necessitates the use of an approval process by banks to vet suitable candidates to avert lending risks. The major risks a bank deals with when forwarding credit facilities is fraud and default. Banks use credit rating as the first line of defence...

Carnival Corporation’s Financial Management

The manner in which a specific cost reacts to changes in the levels of activity can be described as ‘cost behavior’. It is possible that the cost may remain the same or may change in direct proportion to a change in the level of activity. Managerial decisions on creating a...

Granite City Food & Brewery Company’s Environment

General Environment Political-legal Trend Analysis In the US, the government’s regulations, taxation strategies, directives, norms of leadership, and employment regulations are highly flexible for business. The US is one of the most promising business places with remarkable expansion in the corporate world. The food and beverage industry has taken advantage...

Romans and Church History: Exegetical Assessment

Introduction My thesis consists of two major parts and a conclusion. The first part would cover the previous interpretations of Romans 7 by famous analysts found in church history. This will help us to focus on how the traditional interpretation has affected the church’s point of view concerning this section....

Granite City Food & Brewery Company’s Value Chain

Introduction to Value Chain Analysis Founded in the year 1999, the Granite City Food & Brewery has grown into a fully-fledged company t6hat has more than 34 restaurants spread across 14 states across the US. The company was launched as a medium business in the region of St. Cloud and...

The Qumran-Essene Theory: Insights from the Dead Sea Scrolls

Background information and the impact on religious communities The discovery of strange manuscripts by a Bedouin near the Dead Sea in 1947 led to archeological excavations in the area that resulted in the discovery of large volumes of antiquity materials. From 1947-1956, large volumes of Hebrew manuscripts, hidden in clay...

Carbon Tax and Cap-and-Trade System

Introduction The problem of carbon emission into the atmosphere is highly associated with the greenhouse effect that has become a paradox in the world’s environmental economics. Carbon dioxide gas is one of the heat trapping gases that cause the greenhouse effect in the world. The impacts of carbon emission based...

Being on Mission with God and His People

Introduction The Christian community has experienced quite a range of changes over the past few decades, including the rapid and nearly uncontrollable exposure to new methods of communication, the shift in values and perceptions of Christian principles and ethics, and many other transformations. As a result, the threat of multiple...

The Expansion of Christianity in North Africa

Introduction In historical scholarship, the traditional interest in the formation of the Christian Church and its institutions, the relationship between church and state, and the influence of Christian ideas on the consciousness of the people of the classical era persist. An idea of the history of Christianity in northern Africa...

Journalism Future After Technology Change

Introduction The field of journalism traces its origin back to the early 16th century when the early members of the fourth estate in Europe started publishing news articles for circulation to the public. Particularly, according to Anderson, journalism is a profession that concentrates on the preparation of news for broadcast...

Marine Transport System Efficiency Increasing

Introduction The marine transportation system consists of various structures. They include, among others, waterways, fixed infrastructure, such as ports or terminals, and intermodal connections. It is also made up of means of transportation, system users, and organizational networks that ensure the vessels and infrastructure are used effectively. Marine transport can...

Gregory the Great Life and Teachings

Introduction Pope Gregory the Great became a pope when the Italian province was in crisis, and the state appeared lawless, crumbling, and semi-abandoned by visitors to Rome. A statement by the future pope had indicated that barbarians had full control of the religion. The city’s state had made the Romans...

Pedagogical Theory and Practice and Improving Student Learning Experience

Introduction Pedagogy involves the performance of teaching accompanied with theories and practices that shape it. It directly links the act of teaching with culture, structure and mechanisms of student or learner control. Pedagogy may also refer to the process by which teaching activities, interactions, and assignments are structured in accordance...

The Healing Ministry of Jesus

Introduction This paper looks at the healing ministry of Jesus. This ministry is one of the most acknowledged yet controversial parts of His work on earth. However, He is the most recognized healer because of His expertise and compassion, as the paper will illustrate. This research is based on historical...

• Communication

Range of Movement in Sports-Related Injuries

Background It has been suggested by previous research findings that surgery is an effective treatment for sports-related injuries. This study aimed to explore the improvement of range of movement of the arm after surgery at one month and 12 months, and examine the relationships between movement of arm at baseline,...

Early Childhood Profession in Australia

Executive Summary It is important to note that the report is aimed to inform the council on the existing trends within the early childhood profession in Australia with a focus on core underlying issues as well as strengths. In sum, the observation and analysis reveal a strong negative tendency of...

Gas Utilization and Processing Advances

Executive Summary Advances and developments in gas utilisation and processing are significant research subjects because of their relevance to different industries worldwide. Moreover, the resource is necessary to form most countries’ economics and is involved in political decision-making. This research methods report explored how gas-related industries and studies change from...

Creating a Long-Term Investment Portfolio

Executive Summary An investment portfolio is a model selection of investment instruments (stocks, bonds, ETFs) that meet a certain risk level and aim to achieve investment goals. Depending on the type or format of provision of ready-made investment portfolios, they may be aimed at achieving various goals: aggressive capital growth,...

Angel’s: The Market Plan

Executive Summary The marketing plan has been formed on Angel’s and the chosen product is Angel’s Carpet, Flooring, Lighting, Beds, Rugs, curtains and blinds which has taken the leading position in the local market. The macro-environments that influence an organisation’s activities are demographic, economic, political-legal, ecological, socio-cultural, and technological. These...

Infants Born Prematurely and Learning and Behavioral Problems

Rationale Studies from the literature review suggest that an increasing number of infants who were born prematurely would have learning and behavioral problems when they reach school age. This may be due to various reasons such as parental education, family income, and marital status. Objective To determine whether children who...

How to Create an Effective Vacuum

Introduction The problem of creating an effective vacuum in many studies is important because different vacuum systems operate under different principles and can achieve the evacuation goal because of different evacuation abilities. Among the system to consider include the condensation systems, mechanical pumps, the ion and penning pumps that have...

Tax Model in Hong Kong Tax Reform

Introduction Low taxes and low government spending makes Hong Kong to be ranked among the most successful tax systems in the world. Hong Kong’s tax system withholds Goods and services Tax, pay as you earn not used and focuses on big income sources. This has seen it gain a lot...

Queen Margaret University’s Plan for Korean Students

Executive Summary and Introduction Queen Margaret University (QMU) was formed in 1875 to bolster and promote high-quality education to the residents of United Kingdom and the entire world. The university’s recent expansion and collaboration is a result of high-quality education service that the university offers. Introduction This report will focus...

Diabetes Chronic Condition Management

Executive Summary The purpose of this data review project is to examine the diabetes management practices applied by Anthem through a data review of key indicators and compare this information to the benchmarks set by the AHQR. The focus is on diabetes as a chronic condition because it requires specific...

• Construction
• Corporation

Metric, The Sheepdogs, and Bazini Concert in Ottawa

Artist I have visited the Metric, The Sheepdogs, and Bazini concert in Ottawa recently. All these performers are known as professional bands and artists who are popular in different states of the world. Despite the fact that both bands and Bazini have Canadian origins, their popularity in various parts of...

Adobe Connect GoToMeeting in Distance Learning

Executive Summary This summary gives the reader a highlight of what has been done in this research project. The study has focused on the impacts of implementing Adobe Connect Gotomeeting in distance learning as a collaboration tool and its impact on instructions and learning. Availability of adequate finances ensures acquisition,...

The Role of Social Workers in Addressing Teenage Obesity

Introduction Obesity is one of the central issues in the United States, affecting all human developmental phases. Every social worker can face obesity as a direct or indirect cause of various societal problems. Some people struggle with job employment, discrimination, or mental health disorders, and social work professionals can better...

Detecting Depression in Young Adults: Literature Review

Introduction The negative feeling is a common thing in people as they grow. This is because they experience various challenging events because of various factors such as illness, relationship breakup, and loss of loved ones. Painful feelings are associated with these events and are present to provide one with an...

Coffee Café Managers’ Celebration Meeting

Ozarks in Brasnos Group Resume Group Name: Coffee Café. Meeting Name: Coffee Café managers’ celebration meeting and the unveiling of new interior designs for the stores. Official days/ dates: June 11, 2012, Major Arrivals and Official Meeting Starts. Group contacts: 100 State Street, Philadelphia, PA 19305. Hotel contacts: 3431 west...

The Extent of American Muslim Participation in Politics

Data Analysis For the purpose of the data analysis portion of this study, an examination of one primary source which surveyed Muslim Americans will be conducted. The source of the data being examined is the article “Muslim Americans: No Signs of Growth in Alienation or Support for Extremism,” which was...

Exxon Mobile Corporation’s Financial Analysis

Introduction Most of the organizations are required to maintain books of accounts so as to comply with the regulations and laws in the Company’s Act. The importance of keeping books of accounts is to ensure that the transactions that take place within an organization are carried accurately and at the...

The Book “Excellence Without a Soul” by Harry R. Lewis

Introduction Excellence without a Soul is a book written by Harry R. Lewis in 2007 which critiques the liberal education system offered by Harvard Universities and other institutions of the Ivy League. The author of the book is a renowned scholar and academic with several decades of experience as a...

The Tucker Company Issues

Tucker Company This reflective journal evaluates a number of issues associated with Tucker Company. A brief description of the issues facing the firm, the major stakeholders, and the prevailing problems are analysed. The journal also assesses the key management theories coupled with what the firm should have done in order...

Bacteria, Trypanosomes, Fungi and Apicomplexa: Overview

Bacteria The paper aimed to study the mechanism by which gram-negative bacteria resist killing by antimicrobial peptides which are found in a diverse range of organisms and help restrict the growth of invading bacteria. Earlier studies have shown that gram-negative bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial peptides through modification in the...

Laura Ashley Marketing Communications

Introduction Laura Ashley is a British textile design company that manufactures home furnishings and clothing and sells them worldwide. It was founded in 1953 by a fashion designer who gave her name to the company and grew to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s. In the 1990s, it was acquired...

Emotion Focussed Theory Role in Functional Assessment

Introduction The evolution of psychotherapy over time has come from grim days for the psychologically disturbed to the modern age where efficient systems of therapy have arisen. Functional assessment was the method of therapy previously. Eminent psychoanalysts have studied and evaluated their findings and found the emotional factor to be...

Branch of Retail Co Company – Riverside

Outline This case study will be based on a branch of Retail Co Company called riverside. The main issue being that of identifying the human resource policy, strategy and practices being employed at the branch level in particular, the River side branch. The case study will try to analyze whether...

Management Functions in the Hotel Sector

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse effects on businesses. These effects were much heavier on industries such as the hotel and tourism industry which depend on face-to-face contact or social activities. As the management trainee for Triple X Hotel in London, I have noticed that our hotel, like most...

Public Health: Suicide and Its Prevention

Introduction Suicide is an act where people terminate their life at will. It is considered a mental health challenge and affects both families and communities in the discourse. More than 700,000 people commit suicide globally, making it the 11th largest cause of death worldwide (Knopov et al., 2019). Analyzing by...

Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children

Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder marked by the onset of social interaction and communication impairment at a young age. Although autism is not recognized as a learning disability, autistic children may face some learning difficulties. It affects a person’s social interaction, behavior, communication, and learning ability....

Parent Engagement in Vick Elementary School

Summary Parent engagement in schools is designed to encourage parents and educators to work together in order to support and improve students’ learning, health, and general development. Although there may be considerable barriers to families’ involvement in school activities and the educational process, educators undertake all efforts to improve parent...

Why Leaders Lose Their Way and How to Address This

Abstract Leadership is a crucial aspect of any organization or society. However, sometimes, leaders lose their way, becoming corrupt, unethical, or ineffective. This essay analyzes the personal and systemic factors that can cause leaders to lose their way and the consequences of such failure. Personal factors, such as narcissism or...

Leadership in Project Management and Team-Building

Introduction Today, in the increasingly complex and ferociously competitive business environments, more people come to realise the role of leadership in project management. Project management in a business setting requires managers to organize the work of their team in the most efficient way possible while maintaining team members’ motivation high...

Enron Scandal: Financial Fraud and Organizational Behavior

Abstract Statement of Purpose The goal of this research paper is to identify the problems in the organizational behavior (OB) standards accepted at Enron, as well as to locate the connection between the financial fraud that led to the company’s untimely demise and the flaws in the company’s OB standards,...

• Air Transport
• Performance
• Negotiation

Aircraft vs. Helicopter Flight Control Systems

Introduction The following subsections of this study explain the purpose, as well as the contextual background in relation to the systems compared herein. Purpose The following report compares flight control systems of a conventional fixed wing aircraft and rotor blade helicopter. Pilots utilize flight control systems while flying aircrafts, in...

Managing Change within the UAE Government

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) government has been among those most interested in securing a better future for its citizens in the post-COVID-19 period. The efforts have included mechanisms and strategies to reopen the economy and to implement a new model of business that reduced the risks of spreading the...

Apple Inc.’s Strategic Management Case Study

Introduction Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computers on April 1, 1976, to revolutionize how people regarded desktop computers. Broadcasting, iPhone, Apple Care, iCloud, digital content shops, and licensing solutions are among its commodities and offerings. Apple supplies consumers and organizations with the equipment, software, services, and infrastructure necessary...

Effects of Poor Workplace Culture on Healthcare Organizations

Introduction The role of workplace culture cannot be underestimated nowadays, especially knowing that the diversity of employees continues to increase. The influence of different factors on employee performance and patient outcomes cannot be ignored either, as these may be linked to safety, health, and wellbeing (Rider et al., 2018). Therefore,...

Motivational Theories in Healthcare

What are the major motivation issues at play in the health care industry according to the major needs-based theories of motivation (Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, McClelland’s acquired needs and Deci & Ryan’s self-determination)? What motivation theory is more popular expectancy theory or Herzberg’s two-factor theory? Keep reading to find out!...

Tesla Inc.’s Business Model Analysis

Executive Summary This business report analyzes and rates Tesla in comparison to its rivals in the auto industry, as well as its business model, tactics, culture, available resources, and other vital aspects. With the help of SWOT analysis, it became evident what strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are now in...

The Boeing Strategic Plan Analysis

Introduction Boeing is an international aerospace and defense corporation with a rich tradition of innovation. It manufactures commercial planes, military aircraft, spacecraft, and satellites. Boeing offers engineering, maintenance & repair, logistics, and more services. The corporation has subsidiaries, joint ventures in many countries, and collaborations with other businesses and organizations....

Characteristics of Students With Disabilities

Introduction This Resource Note book is about characteristics of students with disabilities. According to the Disability Discrimination Act, a disabled individual is anyone who has a mental or physical impairment that has a long-term and substantial adverse effect on that individual’s potential or ability to undertake normal day-to-day activities (Disabled...

Beauty Virtues of Mosques

Introduction “Architecture is the imaginative blend of art and science in the design of environments for people.” (An Introduction to Architecture). The area of architecture has brought about tremendous betterment due to the unity of sculpture and skills. An architect has to be keen on accomplishing the maximum beauty and...

Project Management: Case Study of a Pharmaceutical CO

Introduction The case study pertains to a mid size pharmaceutical co. in the M 25 region. There are 290 employees in the company and the turnover for the company in the last year is £ 19 millions.They had an additional profit margin of £ 130000.The owner Rose Luxemburg wanted to...

• Business Planning

Music Reproduction in the Future

Introduction/Thesis statement Nowadays, it represents a commonplace practice to discuss the significance of music in conjunction with how the aesthetic medium in question affected the course of humanity’s historical progress. Such an analytical approach does appear to make much sense. After all, there can be only a few doubts that...

International Business Law: The Case of Metorex and Chin Wah and Possible Legal Actions

Possible legal actions of Chin Wah Metorex The contract signed between Metorex (the shipper) and Chin Wah (the receiver of consignee) contains a clause that practically enables Metorex to disclaim responsibility for failure to provide the specified amount of aluminum scrap to their business partner. In particular, according to one...

Martin Luther King and His Theology Analysis

Introduction. This point paper is devoted to the Martin Luther King and his theology. It is based on the book Luther, the Reformer: The Story of the Man and His Career by James Kittleson. This work contains a review of the plot, its main issues, and the internal and external...

Oliver Cromwell Is an Icon in the History of Britain

Introduction Inasmuch as history is concerned, Oliver Cromwell is one of the wide-read and remembered epitome and icon in the history of Britain. He is one of the controversial figures in the history of Britain with various leaders and personalities having different views about him. For instance, some like David...

Financial and Management Accounting: The Analysis of Financial Systems

Introduction The paper takes a financial analysis of Shire plc and AstraZeneca plc; both companies have their main operating base in the United Kingdom. Both companies are listed in the countries stock exchange. They are in the pharmaceutical industry. Brief information about the Companies Shire plc commonly referred to as...

Uncompensated Healthcare and Community Benefits

Introduction Uncompensated health care is any medical attention and treatment given to a patient by a health care/dental professional, hospital or medic without any payments by the government, non governmental organization or the patient (Mosby’s 2008, Dental Dictionary, 2nd edition).The care provided is considered voluntary work of the physician, hospital,...

Deciphering the Meaning of Animals in Films

Introduction In looking at the use of animals in film, with the possible exception of family type, feel-good animal stories, animals are usually symbolic when they are seen in anything more than a cameo type appearance as pets and other casual uses which simply give realism to the film. Most...

Escherichia Coli Infection: Preventing Food Borne Illness

Introduction The unhygienic food, which is due to bacteria, viruses and parasites, can put anybody under the weather. Several People have had food borne illness but they do not know the causes. There may be following symptoms due to this disease (E. coli O157:H7 Food Safety Facts: Preventing food borne...

Critical Success Factors: Movie Industry in Hollywood

Hollywood Movie Industry: Critical Success Factors Critical success factors refer business aspects that an enterprise take into consideration in a bid to achieve predetermined mission and goals; some examples of CSFs include professionalism, integrity, creativity, teamwork, and customer focus among others. Generally, play an important role in identifying areas where...

Photo-Voltaic Module as an Engineering Asset

Structure of engineering asset management As opposed to financial assets, an engineering asset is defined as an object that has a financial value and technical capability to perform a given task. The Photovoltaic Module (PV) module has both attributes and qualifies to be known as an engineering asset. Theory suggests...

• Globalization
• Christianity
• International Relations

Proctor and Gamble and Unilever Companies Marketing

Introduction This study analyses the marketing strategies of two multinational companies: Proctor and Gamble and Unilever. Proctor and Gamble have been in the global market for a long time, and their products are sold to millions of people globally. The company started as a privately owned business, but it quickly...

Childhood Obesity and Public Policies in England

The occurrence of childhood obesity in England has been increasing in the past decade. As a result, the government has set up various preventive measures to ensure that the incidence of obesity in children is zero. Thus, the proposed study will seek to identify the preventive measures put in place...

Communication in Family: Interview and Analysis

Introduction Communication is crucial in shaping and reflecting relationships in a family. It is through conversations that one can identify the relationship that exists among family members. Furthermore, communication enables one to negotiate relationships with family members and outside individuals. Engaging in talks indicates the state of the relationship between...

Religious Impact on Children’s Future Success

Introduction Religion is integral to the socialization and development of children. It shapes their conception of the future and determines their willingness to work toward achieving specific goals. Religion can help children believe they have a future, as will be demonstrated in the presented argument. Religion can influence a child’s...

Nestle Company: Promotion Marketing Portfolio

If you’re about to conduct research on Nestle advertising strategy, check out our essay sample! Here, you’ll find Nestle promotion strategy and other helpful information. Executive summary Nestle is a leading multinational company in the fast-moving consumer goods (FCMG) industry. The company manufactures and sells baby foods, beverages, and snack...

Samsung Electronics’ Marketing Plan

Check out our essay sample if you’re about to write a Samsung’s marketing strategy analysis! Here, you’ll find Samsung’s market situation, target market, marketing mix, external and internal environment, and other important information for your essay on Samsung marketing plan. Introduction The purpose of this report is to outline a...

The Air France Flight 447 Crash Analysis

Accident Analysis Aviation Accident Other than the Colgan Air accident, another human factor aviation accident would be the crash of Air France Flight 447, which occurred in 2009. The aircraft, an Airbus A330-200, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean while on the route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris, with 228...

Resilience and Growth in the Aftermath of Domestic Violence

Abstract Resilience is a major determinant of the rate at which people recover from traumatic life experiences. Flexibility is a major factor that victims of different traumatic events, such as domestic violence, should have to lead a normal life in the aftermath of violence. Spirituality is an important aspect in...

Green Building Design and Delivery

“Anarchy: Understanding transformations in Human and Natural Systems” is a book which has been edited by Lance H.Gunderson and C.H.Holling. The book went into press in 2002 and has a collection of articles on various topics related to sustainability by leading and exalted thinkers on the subject. The Island Press,...

Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions in the International Environment

Introduction The idea of expanding into the global environment and capturing an increasingly large audience is typically represented not only as a desirable goal for developing companies but also as a natural stage of corporate growth. As a rule, cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBM/As) are regarded as essential tools in...

• Business Strategy
• Organizational Behavior

Ecological Model in Environmental Public Health

Problem and Model The problem of water scarcity has been actively discussed by the public for the last several decades. However, due to the issues that the global climate change has provoked, water scarcity and drought have become a serious problem for some of the states in the US. Changes...

The Starbucks Firm’s Value Proposition Marketing

Introduction An affiliation’s ability to compete in the marketplace assures its long-term prosperity. The generation and dissemination of value for the consumer are both influenced by a company’s economic position. This investigation concentrates on Starbucks and how it has been able to give its client’s value proposition for its product....

Human Factors Issues in Virtual Environment

Introduction Human factors engineering is a field that employs a systems methodology to fit tasks to human abilities and skills while boosting technology and human interfaces (Pene par. 1). It is aimed at abating errors and injury, and making the end products to be user-centered, and not equipment-centered. It identifies...

Society, Environment and Technology: Indian Market Entering

Executive Summary In the modern business environment, companies need to learn how to assess the macroeconomic dimensions that they operate within to determine possible weaknesses and threats that can either improve or limit business effectiveness. This report will focus on the evaluation of three components of PESTEL, including socio-cultural, economic,...

Macro Environment Impacts on Tesco Company in China

Executive Summary Tesco, a UK-based multinational retail firm has outlets in 11 countries across Asia and Europe. In China, this company benefits and suffers from macro environmental forces in equal measures. The demand by the Chinese government to have control over ventures between state-run entities and foreign companies prevents Tesco...

Obesity: Genetic, Hormonal and Environmental Influences

Abstract The prevalence of obesity has gradually increased over the last few decades. The rates are almost similar in developed and developing nations. The current study investigates the relationship between obesity (a medical condition) and genetic and environmental factors that influence its occurrence. The study utilizes twins where the general...

Belle Plaine Middle School’s Resource Allocation

Summary Belle Plaine Middle School PSEL Action to Address a BPMS Need Identify Additional Information Needed to Strengthen or Make a Recommendation 1: Mission, Vision, and Core Values Develop a system that involves instructors, parents, and students. BPMS should think about how to create a system that involves everyone in...

Themes in How I Learned to Drive Play by Paula Vogel

Introduction Literature is one of the important kinds of art, causing a strong impact on people and making them think about certain things. It also helps writers to convey their messages and speak about problems that are topical for them. At the same time, as against other arts, literature does...

Drones Usage in Oil and Gas Industry

Abstract The oil and gas industry is beginning to adopt automation for many different purposes, but people still perform many critical and time-intensive jobs. Drones can help save time and costs by avoiding the deployment of human resources, making them an exciting subject of interest to many companies. Infrastructure inspections,...

Strategic Project Environment: Lusail Real Estate Development Company

Introduction In the context of sustainability, Qatar is one country that is developing sustainable projects. Lusail city is among the projects financed and controlled by the government to develop a green city. It is a revolutionary project that will become a one-of-a-kind state-of-the-art city in the region and beyond the...

• Operations Management
• Relationship

Emergency and Crisis Management Entity Assessment

Introduction This report analyzed existing documents related to the preparedness and responsiveness of Massachusetts. First, an extensive documentary base was identified, describing most of the moments associated with various emergencies. One of the central papers is the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, which represents a common framework and is complemented by...

Predicting Barriers to Treatment for Depression

Health systems may benefit from real-time technologies that detect people in danger of not starting treatment to boost therapy reception before patients opt out. Chekroud et al. (2018) sought to create a tool that might help identify people who recognize their need for therapy but do not take the first...

Deforestation Causes and Barriers to Solution

Brief Outline The loss of forests has led to numerous negative outcomes including climate change, air pollution, and additional challenges to agriculture and other industries. Demographic changes have also contributed to an increase in the rate of deforestation as the need for more resources continues to grow (Lawrence & Vandecar,...

Apple Inc.: History, Vision, Mission, and Strategies

Executive Summary Apple Inc., more popularly recognized as Apple, has successfully managed to be a profitable firm in the extremely competitive consumer electronics industry. This admirable achievement has been made possible by being inventive and distinguishing the specific product from competitors in the market by delivering exceptional commodities and recommendable...

The Advancements in Electric Car Technology

Introduction Electric vehicles are steadily replacing petrol-driven ones as the world turns towards sustainability and an environment-friendly lifestyle. Emissions caused by standard fuels negatively impact climate change, and the continuing growth of the human population enables industries to seek alternatives to the older energy sources. The number of electric cars...

Zara International Marketing Strategy

Global Entry Strategies of Zara International: Introduction International retail companies are commonly regarded as one of the main driving elements in the industries’ globalization. The retailers provoke globalization by the cross-border sourcing, expansion of the brand portfolio, and business internationalization. Representation in the international fashion market requires organizations to implement...

Cross-Cultural and Global Economic Issues

Introduction The study’s purpose is to evaluate the cultural and economic issues that will impact Winmark Corp, an organization seeking to expand its operations from the United States to India. The company operates by buying and selling already used goods such as clothing, sportswear and video games. Winmark Corp was...

European Postwar and Renaissance

Introduction After 1945, Europe slowly shifted from warfare to partnership; nations were in disarray following World War II. The continent was on the verge of being split with influence spheres ruled by the Soviet Unification and the U.S. A new setting arose beginning with the western states in which establishments...

“The Sage from Galilee” Book by Flusser & Notley

Summary “The Sage from Galilee: Rediscovering Jesus’ Genius” is biographical literature by David Flusser and Steven Notley. The book was first published in the 20th century and edited later in 2007 as a fourth edition. Currently, the book’s price ranges from $ 18.00 to $ 19.66. The volume explores the...

Small Business: Restaurant Case Analysis

Introduction Within the frame of my individual project, I focus on the tertiary business sector (Chaulagain 2015). In this report, I use the data retrieved with the help of an interview with the owner of a small restaurant business in the United Kingdom, Ustar Ali. He and his son Saidur...

• Intelligence
• Strategic Planning

Sun Power as a Promising Energy Industry

Introduction With the expanding threat of climate change due to the excessive release of emissions of carbon, many individuals are looking into solar options as more sustainable alternatives to replace traditional fossil fuels. Of all available options for clean energy, solar has been the most expensive, even though their increased...

Cultural Diversity in Teamwork: Research Process

Topic Origin The topic is inspired by the major, which is communication and media studies. Topic Reason The topic is closely associated with the major, so it would be interesting to investigate it. When covering various aspects of life in the media, one needs to keep in mind the peculiarities...

MD Properties’ Project Evaluation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Executive Summary This report aims at analysing the external factors affecting the project implemented by MD Properties in 2020. The project aimed at providing training to anyone interested in improving their knowledge of the real estate business. First, the report focused on the analysis of stakeholders, which revealed eight central...

KLM Royal Dutch Airlines’ Corporate Social Responsibility

Introduction Background Businesses have relied on communication for different purposes, including marketing, sharing crucial information regarding products and business processes, and keeping in touch with their customers. The sharing of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) information has been vital over the past two decades due to the increased attention the public...

Lobby Café Construction Project Evaluation

Executive Summary This report aimed at analysing three aspects of the Lobby Café Construction project, including external factors affecting the project, stakeholder analysis, and assessment of ethicality and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The purpose of the project was to build the Lobby Café in The Pearl Hotel & Residences, a...

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How To Write A Research Paper

Research Paper Example

Research Paper Example - Examples for Different Formats

Published on: Jun 12, 2021

Last updated on: Jul 19, 2024

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Writing a research paper is the most challenging task in a student's academic life. researchers face similar writing process hardships, whether the research paper is to be written for graduate or masters.

A research paper is a writing type in which a detailed analysis, interpretation, and evaluation are made on the topic. It requires not only time but also effort and skills to be drafted correctly.

If you are working on your research paper for the first time, here is a collection of examples that you will need to understand the paper’s format and how its different parts are drafted. Continue reading the article to get free research paper examples.

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Research Paper Example for Different Formats

A research paper typically consists of several key parts, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and annotated bibliography .

When writing a research paper (whether quantitative research or qualitative research ), it is essential to know which format to use to structure your content. Depending on the requirements of the institution, there are mainly four format styles in which a writer drafts a research paper:

Let’s look into each format in detail to understand the fundamental differences and similarities.

Research Paper Example APA

If your instructor asks you to provide a research paper in an APA format, go through the example given below and understand the basic structure. Make sure to follow the format throughout the paper.

APA Research Paper Sample (PDF)

Research Paper Example MLA

Another widespread research paper format is MLA. A few institutes require this format style as well for your research paper. Look at the example provided of this format style to learn the basics.

MLA Research Paper Sample (PDF)

Research Paper Example Chicago

Unlike MLA and APA styles, Chicago is not very common. Very few institutions require this formatting style research paper, but it is essential to learn it. Look at the example given below to understand the formatting of the content and citations in the research paper.

Chicago Research Paper Sample (PDF)

Research Paper Example Harvard

Learn how a research paper through Harvard formatting style is written through this example. Carefully examine how the cover page and other pages are structured.

Harvard Research Paper Sample (PDF)

Examples for Different Research Paper Parts

A research paper is based on different parts. Each part plays a significant role in the overall success of the paper. So each chapter of the paper must be drafted correctly according to a format and structure.

Below are examples of how different sections of the research paper are drafted.

Research Proposal Example

A research proposal is a plan that describes what you will investigate, its significance, and how you will conduct the study.

Research Proposal Sample (PDF)

Abstract Research Paper Example

An abstract is an executive summary of the research paper that includes the purpose of the research, the design of the study, and significant research findings.

It is a small section that is based on a few paragraphs. Following is an example of the abstract to help you draft yours professionally.

Abstract Research Paper Sample (PDF)

Literature Review Research Paper Example

A literature review in a research paper is a comprehensive summary of the previous research on your topic. It studies sources like books, articles, journals, and papers on the relevant research problem to form the basis of the new research.

Writing this section of the research paper perfectly is as important as any part of it.

Literature Review in Research Sample (PDF)

Methods Section of Research Paper Example

The method section comes after the introduction of the research paper that presents the process of collecting data. Basically, in this section, a researcher presents the details of how your research was conducted.

Methods Section in Research Sample (PDF)

Research Paper Conclusion Example

The conclusion is the last part of your research paper that sums up the writer’s discussion for the audience and leaves an impression. This is how it should be drafted:

Research Paper Conclusion Sample

Research Paper Examples for Different Fields

The research papers are not limited to a particular field. They can be written for any discipline or subject that needs a detailed study.

In the following section, various research paper examples are given to show how they are drafted for different subjects.

Science Research Paper Example

Are you a science student that has to conduct research? Here is an example for you to draft a compelling research paper for the field of science.

Science Research Paper Sample (PDF)

History Research Paper Example

Conducting research and drafting a paper is not only bound to science subjects. Other subjects like history and arts require a research paper to be written as well. Observe how research papers related to history are drafted.

History Research Paper Sample (PDF)

Psychology Research Paper Example

If you are a psychology student, look into the example provided in the research paper to help you draft yours professionally.

Psychology Research Paper Sample (PDF)

Research Paper Example for Different Levels

Writing a research paper is based on a list of elements. If the writer is not aware of the basic elements, the process of writing the paper will become daunting. Start writing your research paper taking the following steps:

• Choose a topic
• Form a strong thesis statement
• Conduct research
• Develop a research paper outline

Once you have a plan in your hand, the actual writing procedure will become a piece of cake for you.

No matter which level you are writing a research paper for, it has to be well structured and written to guarantee you better grades.

If you are a college or a high school student, the examples in the following section will be of great help.

Research Paper Outline (PDF)

Research Paper Example for College

Pay attention to the research paper example provided below. If you are a college student, this sample will help you understand how a winning paper is written.

College Research Paper Sample (PDF)

Research Paper Example for High School

Expert writers of CollegeEssay.org have provided an excellent example of a research paper for high school students. If you are struggling to draft an exceptional paper, go through the example provided.

High School Research Paper Sample (PDF)

Examples are essential when it comes to academic assignments. If you are a student and aim to achieve good grades in your assignments, it is suggested to get help from  CollegeEssay.org .

We are the best writing company that delivers essay help for students by providing free samples and writing assistance.

Professional writers have your back, whether you are looking for guidance in writing a lab report, college essay, or research paper.

Simply hire a writer by placing your order at the most reasonable price. You can also take advantage of our essay writer to enhance your writing skills.

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Home > Blog > Tips for Online Students > Tips for Students > Hacks How to Write a 10 and 20 page Paper in One Night

Tips for Online Students , Tips for Students

Hacks How to Write a 10 and 20 page Paper in One Night

Updated: June 19, 2024

Published: April 19, 2020

It’s the night before a big paper is due. For whatever reason, you find yourself needing to write an entire research paper in a very short amount of time. While procrastination isn’t ideal, extenuating circumstances may have caused your timeline to get pushed back. So, here you are, looking for how to write a 10-page paper or how to write a 20-page paper in one night.

It goes without saying the best way to write a paper is to give yourself enough time to outline, draft, and edit. Yet, it’s still possible to write in less time. Take heed of these best tips and tricks to organize your thoughts and get your thesis on paper as fast as possible.

Photo by  Adolfo Félix  on  Unsplash

How to prepare before you write, 1. create a schedule to maximize your time.

You’ve likely already spent time panicking. Once you calm yourself of the anxiety of having to finish a 10- or 20-page paper in one night, organize your plan of attack. First, you should designate an area free of distractions so that you can focus. Aside from a few breaks and snacks, it’s best to set up a comfortable place to write. Give yourself some time to outline and find/cite research . Once you know how you’re going to approach the subject, then you can start drafting.

2. Determine your Main Topic

If you’ve been given a prompt, then your topic is clear. However, sometimes you have the freedom to choose what your research will be about. In this case, it’s smartest to choose a topic that you are already knowledgeable about. That way, you will save yourself key time that would have otherwise been spent on research. If you don’t feel strongly about any particular topic, then at least try to pick one that has a lot of information available.

3. Perform Research

Start looking up sources to cite that support your thesis, or main argument. As you research, be sure to take notes. One of the best ways to do this is to use a word processor like Google Docs or Microsoft Word to copy and paste URLs. For each source, it would be best to copy/paste one main sentence that covers its point.

Then, you can write brief notes in your own words that summarize what you have read from that source. While you are performing research, you can start to put together an outline, or the flow of how you will present your ideas broken down by topic and argument.

4. Outline 3-5 subtopics

Once you’ve chosen your topic, then try to pull 3-5 subtopics from it. Each sub-topic should be juicy enough to be able to write a lot about it. The subtopics are your supporting paragraphs which fill the body of the research paper. They should basically be mini essays within themselves.

Writing in One Night

Writing a long research paper in one night isn’t ideal, but it is doable. Some of the best ways to get it done is to follow these 5 tips:

1. Plan and Outline

Take those few extra moments to plan and outline your paper. While it may feel like a waste of valuable time, it is going to help you stay on track. When you have an outline and you get to the middle of your paper, you won’t feel lost as to how to continue. An outline will be useful to you like a map is on a journey.

2. Use Specialized Search

Take advantage of search tools that are designed for scholars. For example, a few of these include: Google Scholar and Elsevier .

3. Leverage Tools

There are citation management tools that will help you find sources for your topic. Mendeley is just one of them. You can type parts of your paper into the tool and find quotes of value. Be sure to cite everything you use to avoid plagiarism .

4. Proofread and Edit

Once you complete writing 10 to 20 pages, you may feel like throwing in the towel and going to sleep for a few hours. However, it is crucial to power through and proofread your paper. If you have anyone available who can read your paper over, that would be best because it’s hard to catch mistakes when you’ve been looking at the same thing for so long. But, if no one is available, try to read your paper back to yourself out loud. This way, you may be able to catch typos better.

5. Check Formatting

Every research paper needs to adhere to a particular format guideline. Whether it’s APA, MLA, or another standard formatting practice, be sure to double check that your layout adheres to the guidelines.

Photo by  Christin Hume  on  Unsplash

When to start writing.

If you have yet to find yourself trying to write a paper at the last minute and all the notes above are scaring you out of procrastination, then that’s a good start! Perhaps you were recently assigned a research paper. In this case, the best way to tackle the project is to do the following:

Start Early

Get started right away. Even if it means just performing early research or writing an outline, starting early is going to save you from having to write a paper in one night down the line. When you start early, you benefit greatly because you can: leverage peers for ideas, take the necessary time to edit and rewrite, and you lower your risk of picking a topic with too little information and having to change topics at the last minute.

Writing in Stages

Starting early also affords you the opportunity to write in stages. You can think of writing as a cycle when you write in stages. First, you can create your outline. Then, you can write the introduction, edit it, and rewrite anything you may need to before moving on to the next piece (or the first body paragraph, in this case).

Use a Timeline

Create a timeline for your writing in stages. If you start four weeks in advance, for example, you have time to do all of the following:

• Fully understand the assignment and ask any questions
• Start to read and document sources
• Create notecards and cite books for sources
• Write a summary of what you’ve discovered so far that will be used in some of your paper
• Create 3-5 subtopics and outline points you want to explore
• Look for more sources on your subtopics
• Start writing summaries on each subtopic
• Write some analysis of your findings
• Start to piece together the research paper based on your notes and outline (almost like completing a puzzle)
• Edit and proofread / ask for feedback

The Writing Process

The actual writing process is a little different for everyone, but this is a general overview for how to write a 20-page paper, or one that is shorter.

• Start with a Thesis: Your thesis is one sentence that clearly and concisely explains what you are going to prove with research.
• Include a Menu Sentence: At the end of your introduction, you will briefly outline your subtopics in what is often referred to as a “menu sentence.” This allows the reader to understand what they can expect to learn about as they continue to read your paper.
• Create a Detailed Introduction: Your introduction should be detailed enough so that someone with little to no knowledge about your subject matter can understand what the paper is about.
• Keep References: Be sure to write your references as you go along so that you basically can create your bibliography in the process of writing. Again, this is where a tool like Mendeley may be useful.
• Write First: Write first and edit later. You want to get all your ideas down on the page before you start judging or editing the writing.
• Save Often: Create the draft on a cloud platform that is automatically saved (i.e. Google Docs in case your computer crashes) or email the work to yourself as you go.

The Breakdown of a 10-Page Paper

Sources to Consider Using

When writing your research paper and finding sources, it’s best to use a mix of sources. This may include:

• Internet: The Internet is filled with limitless possibilities. When you use the Internet, it’s best to find credible and trustworthy sources to avoid using fake news as a source. That’s why tools like Google Scholar can be so helpful.
• Textbooks: It’s more likely than not that you’ll be able to use your class textbook as a source for the research you are conducting.
• Books: Additionally, other books outside of those you read within your class will prove useful in any research paper.

Final Steps: Editing and Formatting

Once you’ve written all your ideas on the page, it’s time to edit. It cannot be stressed enough that editing is pivotal before submission. This is especially true if you’ve been writing under immense pressure.

Writing a 10- or 20-page research paper in one night is not easy, so there are bound to be mistakes and typos. The best way to catch these mistakes is to follow these tips:

• Take a break before you edit so you can come back to the page with somewhat fresh eyes and a clearer head
• Read it out loud to edit and catch mistakes because sometimes your brain will override typos or missing words to make sense of what it is reading
• If possible, ask someone else to look it over
• Consider using footnotes or block quotes
• Format according to how your university asks – MLA or APA, etc.

The Bottom Line

Life throws curveballs your way without warning. Whether you are holding yourself accountable for procrastinating or something out of your control came up, you may find yourself needing to write a big research paper in one night. It’s not the best-case scenario, but with the right tools and tricks up your sleeve, you can surely get it done!

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How to Write a Research Paper | A Beginner's Guide

A research paper is a piece of academic writing that provides analysis, interpretation, and argument based on in-depth independent research.

Research papers are similar to academic essays , but they are usually longer and more detailed assignments, designed to assess not only your writing skills but also your skills in scholarly research. Writing a research paper requires you to demonstrate a strong knowledge of your topic, engage with a variety of sources, and make an original contribution to the debate.

This step-by-step guide takes you through the entire writing process, from understanding your assignment to proofreading your final draft.

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Table of contents

Understand the assignment, choose a research paper topic, conduct preliminary research, develop a thesis statement, create a research paper outline, write a first draft of the research paper, write the introduction, write a compelling body of text, write the conclusion, the second draft, the revision process, research paper checklist, free lecture slides.

Completing a research paper successfully means accomplishing the specific tasks set out for you. Before you start, make sure you thoroughly understanding the assignment task sheet:

• Read it carefully, looking for anything confusing you might need to clarify with your professor.
• Identify the assignment goal, deadline, length specifications, formatting, and submission method.
• Make a bulleted list of the key points, then go back and cross completed items off as you’re writing.

Carefully consider your timeframe and word limit: be realistic, and plan enough time to research, write, and edit.

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There are many ways to generate an idea for a research paper, from brainstorming with pen and paper to talking it through with a fellow student or professor.

You can try free writing, which involves taking a broad topic and writing continuously for two or three minutes to identify absolutely anything relevant that could be interesting.

You can also gain inspiration from other research. The discussion or recommendations sections of research papers often include ideas for other specific topics that require further examination.

Once you have a broad subject area, narrow it down to choose a topic that interests you, m eets the criteria of your assignment, and i s possible to research. Aim for ideas that are both original and specific:

• A paper following the chronology of World War II would not be original or specific enough.
• A paper on the experience of Danish citizens living close to the German border during World War II would be specific and could be original enough.

Note any discussions that seem important to the topic, and try to find an issue that you can focus your paper around. Use a variety of sources , including journals, books, and reliable websites, to ensure you do not miss anything glaring.

Do not only verify the ideas you have in mind, but look for sources that contradict your point of view.

• Is there anything people seem to overlook in the sources you research?
• Are there any heated debates you can address?
• Do you have a unique take on your topic?
• Have there been some recent developments that build on the extant research?

In this stage, you might find it helpful to formulate some research questions to help guide you. To write research questions, try to finish the following sentence: “I want to know how/what/why…”

A thesis statement is a statement of your central argument — it establishes the purpose and position of your paper. If you started with a research question, the thesis statement should answer it. It should also show what evidence and reasoning you’ll use to support that answer.

The thesis statement should be concise, contentious, and coherent. That means it should briefly summarize your argument in a sentence or two, make a claim that requires further evidence or analysis, and make a coherent point that relates to every part of the paper.

You will probably revise and refine the thesis statement as you do more research, but it can serve as a guide throughout the writing process. Every paragraph should aim to support and develop this central claim.

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A research paper outline is essentially a list of the key topics, arguments, and evidence you want to include, divided into sections with headings so that you know roughly what the paper will look like before you start writing.

A structure outline can help make the writing process much more efficient, so it’s worth dedicating some time to create one.

Your first draft won’t be perfect — you can polish later on. Your priorities at this stage are as follows:

• Maintaining forward momentum — write now, perfect later.
• Paying attention to clear organization and logical ordering of paragraphs and sentences, which will help when you come to the second draft.
• Expressing your ideas as clearly as possible, so you know what you were trying to say when you come back to the text.

You do not need to start by writing the introduction. Begin where it feels most natural for you — some prefer to finish the most difficult sections first, while others choose to start with the easiest part. If you created an outline, use it as a map while you work.

Do not delete large sections of text. If you begin to dislike something you have written or find it doesn’t quite fit, move it to a different document, but don’t lose it completely — you never know if it might come in useful later.

Paragraph structure

Paragraphs are the basic building blocks of research papers. Each one should focus on a single claim or idea that helps to establish the overall argument or purpose of the paper.

Example paragraph

George Orwell’s 1946 essay “Politics and the English Language” has had an enduring impact on thought about the relationship between politics and language. This impact is particularly obvious in light of the various critical review articles that have recently referenced the essay. For example, consider Mark Falcoff’s 2009 article in The National Review Online, “The Perversion of Language; or, Orwell Revisited,” in which he analyzes several common words (“activist,” “civil-rights leader,” “diversity,” and more). Falcoff’s close analysis of the ambiguity built into political language intentionally mirrors Orwell’s own point-by-point analysis of the political language of his day. Even 63 years after its publication, Orwell’s essay is emulated by contemporary thinkers.

Citing sources

It’s also important to keep track of citations at this stage to avoid accidental plagiarism . Each time you use a source, make sure to take note of where the information came from.

You can use our free citation generators to automatically create citations and save your reference list as you go.

APA Citation Generator MLA Citation Generator

The research paper introduction should address three questions: What, why, and how? After finishing the introduction, the reader should know what the paper is about, why it is worth reading, and how you’ll build your arguments.

What? Be specific about the topic of the paper, introduce the background, and define key terms or concepts.

Why? This is the most important, but also the most difficult, part of the introduction. Try to provide brief answers to the following questions: What new material or insight are you offering? What important issues does your essay help define or answer?

How? To let the reader know what to expect from the rest of the paper, the introduction should include a “map” of what will be discussed, briefly presenting the key elements of the paper in chronological order.

The major struggle faced by most writers is how to organize the information presented in the paper, which is one reason an outline is so useful. However, remember that the outline is only a guide and, when writing, you can be flexible with the order in which the information and arguments are presented.

One way to stay on track is to use your thesis statement and topic sentences . Check:

• topic sentences against the thesis statement;
• topic sentences against each other, for similarities and logical ordering;
• and each sentence against the topic sentence of that paragraph.

Be aware of paragraphs that seem to cover the same things. If two paragraphs discuss something similar, they must approach that topic in different ways. Aim to create smooth transitions between sentences, paragraphs, and sections.

The research paper conclusion is designed to help your reader out of the paper’s argument, giving them a sense of finality.

Trace the course of the paper, emphasizing how it all comes together to prove your thesis statement. Give the paper a sense of finality by making sure the reader understands how you’ve settled the issues raised in the introduction.

You might also discuss the more general consequences of the argument, outline what the paper offers to future students of the topic, and suggest any questions the paper’s argument raises but cannot or does not try to answer.

You should not :

• Offer new arguments or essential information
• Take up any more space than necessary
• Begin with stock phrases that signal you are ending the paper (e.g. “In conclusion”)

There are four main considerations when it comes to the second draft.

• Check how your vision of the paper lines up with the first draft and, more importantly, that your paper still answers the assignment.
• Identify any assumptions that might require (more substantial) justification, keeping your reader’s perspective foremost in mind. Remove these points if you cannot substantiate them further.
• Be open to rearranging your ideas. Check whether any sections feel out of place and whether your ideas could be better organized.
• If you find that old ideas do not fit as well as you anticipated, you should cut them out or condense them. You might also find that new and well-suited ideas occurred to you during the writing of the first draft — now is the time to make them part of the paper.

The goal during the revision and proofreading process is to ensure you have completed all the necessary tasks and that the paper is as well-articulated as possible. You can speed up the proofreading process by using the AI proofreader .

Global concerns

• Confirm that your paper completes every task specified in your assignment sheet.
• Check for logical organization and flow of paragraphs.
• Check paragraphs against the introduction and thesis statement.

Fine-grained details

Check the content of each paragraph, making sure that:

• each sentence helps support the topic sentence.
• no unnecessary or irrelevant information is present.
• all technical terms your audience might not know are identified.

Next, think about sentence structure , grammatical errors, and formatting . Check that you have correctly used transition words and phrases to show the connections between your ideas. Look for typos, cut unnecessary words, and check for consistency in aspects such as heading formatting and spellings .

Finally, you need to make sure your paper is correctly formatted according to the rules of the citation style you are using. For example, you might need to include an MLA heading  or create an APA title page .

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Checklist: Research paper

I have followed all instructions in the assignment sheet.

My introduction presents my topic in an engaging way and provides necessary background information.

My introduction presents a clear, focused research problem and/or thesis statement .

My paper is logically organized using paragraphs and (if relevant) section headings .

Each paragraph is clearly focused on one central idea, expressed in a clear topic sentence .

Each paragraph is relevant to my research problem or thesis statement.

I have used appropriate transitions  to clarify the connections between sections, paragraphs, and sentences.

My conclusion provides a concise answer to the research question or emphasizes how the thesis has been supported.

My conclusion shows how my research has contributed to knowledge or understanding of my topic.

My conclusion does not present any new points or information essential to my argument.

I have provided an in-text citation every time I refer to ideas or information from a source.

I have included a reference list at the end of my paper, consistently formatted according to a specific citation style .

I have thoroughly revised my paper and addressed any feedback from my professor or supervisor.

I have followed all formatting guidelines (page numbers, headers, spacing, etc.).

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Crafting a comprehensive research paper can be daunting. Understanding diverse citation styles and various subject areas presents a challenge for many.

Without clear examples, students often feel lost and overwhelmed, unsure of how to start or which style fits their subject.

Explore our collection of expertly written research paper examples. We’ve covered various citation styles and a diverse range of subjects.

So, read on!

• 1. Research Paper Example for Different Formats
• 2. Examples for Different Research Paper Parts
• 3. Research Paper Examples for Different Fields
• 4. Research Paper Example Outline

Research Paper Example for Different Formats

Following a specific formatting style is essential while writing a research paper . Knowing the conventions and guidelines for each format can help you in creating a perfect paper. Here we have gathered examples of research paper for most commonly applied citation styles :

Social Media and Social Media Marketing: A Literature Review

APA Research Paper Example

APA (American Psychological Association) style is commonly used in social sciences, psychology, and education. This format is recognized for its clear and concise writing, emphasis on proper citations, and orderly presentation of ideas.

Here are some research paper examples in APA style:

Research Paper Example APA 7th Edition

Research Paper Example MLA

MLA (Modern Language Association) style is frequently employed in humanities disciplines, including literature, languages, and cultural studies. An MLA research paper might explore literature analysis, linguistic studies, or historical research within the humanities. 

Here is an example:

Found Voices: Carl Sagan

Research Paper Example Chicago

Chicago style is utilized in various fields like history, arts, and social sciences. Research papers in Chicago style could delve into historical events, artistic analyses, or social science inquiries. 

Here is a research paper formatted in Chicago style:

Chicago Research Paper Sample

Research Paper Example Harvard

Harvard style is widely used in business, management, and some social sciences. Research papers in Harvard style might address business strategies, case studies, or social policies.

View this sample Harvard style paper here:

Harvard Research Paper Sample

Examples for Different Research Paper Parts

A research paper has different parts. Each part is important for the overall success of the paper. Chapters in a research paper must be written correctly, using a certain format and structure.

The following are examples of how different sections of the research paper can be written.

Research Proposal

The research proposal acts as a detailed plan or roadmap for your study, outlining the focus of your research and its significance. It's essential as it not only guides your research but also persuades others about the value of your study.

Example of Research Proposal

An abstract serves as a concise overview of your entire research paper. It provides a quick insight into the main elements of your study. It summarizes your research's purpose, methods, findings, and conclusions in a brief format.

Research Paper Example Abstract

Literature Review 

A literature review summarizes the existing research on your study's topic, showcasing what has already been explored. This section adds credibility to your own research by analyzing and summarizing prior studies related to your topic.

Literature Review Research Paper Example

Methodology

The methodology section functions as a detailed explanation of how you conducted your research. This part covers the tools, techniques, and steps used to collect and analyze data for your study.

Methods Section of Research Paper Example

How to Write the Methods Section of a Research Paper

The research paper conclusion summarizes your findings, their significance and the impact of your research. This section outlines the key takeaways and the broader implications of your study's results.

Research Paper Conclusion Example

Research Paper Examples for Different Fields

Research papers can be about any subject that needs a detailed study. The following examples show research papers for different subjects.

History Research Paper Sample

Preparing a history research paper involves investigating and presenting information about past events. This may include exploring perspectives, analyzing sources, and constructing a narrative that explains the significance of historical events. Check out the history research paper topics blog to get inspired and motivated by these amazing ideas.

View this history research paper sample:

Many Faces of Generalissimo Fransisco Franco

Sociology Research Paper Sample

In sociology research, statistics and data are harnessed to explore societal issues within a particular region or group. These findings are thoroughly analyzed to gain an understanding of the structure and dynamics present within these communities. 

Here is a sample:

A Descriptive Statistical Analysis within the State of Virginia

 For more insights and inspiration, explore the sociology research topics blog to discover intriguing ideas and relevant issues.

Science Fair Research Paper Sample

A science research paper involves explaining a scientific experiment or project. It includes outlining the purpose, procedures, observations, and results of the experiment in a clear, logical manner.

Here are some examples:

Science Fair Paper Format

What Do I Need To Do For The Science Fair?

Psychology Research Paper Sample

Writing a psychology research paper involves studying human behavior and mental processes. This process includes conducting experiments, gathering data, and analyzing results to understand the human mind, emotions, and behavior. However, the key to a successful psychology paper is selecting the right topic. Make sure to pick an intriguing psychology research paper topic that captivates your interest and aligns with your research objectives.

Here is an example psychology paper:

The Effects of Food Deprivation on Concentration and Perseverance

Art History Research Paper Sample

Studying art history includes examining artworks, understanding their historical context, and learning about the artists. This helps analyze and interpret how art has evolved over various periods and regions.

Check out this sample paper analyzing European art and impacts:

European Art History: A Primer

Research Paper Example Outline

Before you plan on writing a well-researched paper, make a rough draft. An outline can be a great help when it comes to organizing vast amounts of research material for your paper.

Here is a research paper outline template:

Here is a downloadable sample of a standard research paper outline:

Research Paper Outline

Good Research Paper Examples for Students

Here are some more samples of research paper for students to learn from:

Fiscal Research Center - Action Plan

Qualitative Research Paper Example

Research Paper Example Introduction

How to Write a Research Paper Example

Research Paper Example for High School

Now that you have explored the research paper examples, you can start working on your research project. Hopefully, these examples will help you understand the writing process for a research paper.

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A step-by-step guide for creating and formatting APA Style student papers

The start of the semester is the perfect time to learn how to create and format APA Style student papers. This article walks through the formatting steps needed to create an APA Style student paper, starting with a basic setup that applies to the entire paper (margins, font, line spacing, paragraph alignment and indentation, and page headers). It then covers formatting for the major sections of a student paper: the title page, the text, tables and figures, and the reference list. Finally, it concludes by describing how to organize student papers and ways to improve their quality and presentation.

The guidelines for student paper setup are described and shown using annotated diagrams in the Student Paper Setup Guide (PDF, 3.40MB) and the A Step-by-Step Guide to APA Style Student Papers webinar . Chapter 1 of the Concise Guide to APA Style and Chapter 2 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association describe the elements, format, and organization for student papers. Tables and figures are covered in Chapter 7 of both books. Information on paper format and tables and figures and a full sample student paper are also available on the APA Style website.

Basic setup

The guidelines for basic setup apply to the entire paper. Perform these steps when you first open your document, and then you do not have to worry about them again while writing your paper. Because these are general aspects of paper formatting, they apply to all APA Style papers, student or professional. Students should always check with their assigning instructor or institution for specific guidelines for their papers, which may be different than or in addition to APA Style guidelines.

Seventh edition APA Style was designed with modern word-processing programs in mind. Most default settings in programs such as Academic Writer, Microsoft Word, and Google Docs already comply with APA Style. This means that, for most paper elements, you do not have to make any changes to the default settings of your word-processing program. However, you may need to make a few adjustments before you begin writing.

Use 1-in. margins on all sides of the page (top, bottom, left, and right). This is usually how papers are automatically set.

Use a legible font. The default font of your word-processing program is acceptable. Many sans serif and serif fonts can be used in APA Style, including 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 12-point Times New Roman, and 11-point Georgia. You can also use other fonts described on the font page of the website.

Line spacing

Double-space the entire paper including the title page, block quotations, and the reference list. This is something you usually must set using the paragraph function of your word-processing program. But once you do, you will not have to change the spacing for the entirety of your paper–just double-space everything. Do not add blank lines before or after headings. Do not add extra spacing between paragraphs. For paper sections with different line spacing, see the line spacing page.

Paragraph alignment and indentation

Align all paragraphs of text in the body of your paper to the left margin. Leave the right margin ragged. Do not use full justification. Indent the first line of every paragraph of text 0.5-in. using the tab key or the paragraph-formatting function of your word-processing program. For paper sections with different alignment and indentation, see the paragraph alignment and indentation page.

Page numbers

Put a page number in the top right of every page header , including the title page, starting with page number 1. Use the automatic page-numbering function of your word-processing program to insert the page number in the top right corner; do not type the page numbers manually. The page number is the same font and font size as the text of your paper. Student papers do not require a running head on any page, unless specifically requested by the instructor.

Title page setup

Title page elements.

APA Style has two title page formats: student and professional (for details, see title page setup ). Unless instructed otherwise, students should use the student title page format and include the following elements, in the order listed, on the title page:

• Paper title.
• Name of each author (also known as the byline).
• Affiliation for each author.
• Course number and name.
• Instructor name.
• Assignment due date.
• Page number 1 in the top right corner of the page header.

The format for the byline depends on whether the paper has one author, two authors, or three or more authors.

• When the paper has one author, write the name on its own line (e.g., Jasmine C. Hernandez).
• When the paper has two authors, write the names on the same line and separate them with the word “and” (e.g., Upton J. Wang and Natalia Dominguez).
• When the paper has three or more authors, separate the names with commas and include “and” before the final author’s name (e.g., Malia Mohamed, Jaylen T. Brown, and Nia L. Ball).

Students have an academic affiliation, which identities where they studied when the paper was written. Because students working together on a paper are usually in the same class, they will have one shared affiliation. The affiliation consists of the name of the department and the name of the college or university, separated by a comma (e.g., Department of Psychology, George Mason University). The department is that of the course to which the paper is being submitted, which may be different than the department of the student’s major. Do not include the location unless it is part of the institution’s name.

Write the course number and name and the instructor name as shown on institutional materials (e.g., the syllabus). The course number and name are often separated by a colon (e.g., PST-4510: History and Systems Psychology). Write the assignment due date in the month, date, and year format used in your country (e.g., Sept. 10, 2020).

Title page line spacing

Double-space the whole title page. Place the paper title three or four lines down from the top of the page. Add an extra double-spaced blank like between the paper title and the byline. Then, list the other title page elements on separate lines, without extra lines in between.

Title page alignment

Center all title page elements (except the right-aligned page number in the header).

Title page font

Write the title page using the same font and font size as the rest of your paper. Bold the paper title. Use standard font (i.e., no bold, no italics) for all other title page elements.

Text elements

Repeat the paper title at the top of the first page of text. Begin the paper with an introduction to provide background on the topic, cite related studies, and contextualize the paper. Use descriptive headings to identify other sections as needed (e.g., Method, Results, Discussion for quantitative research papers). Sections and headings vary depending on the paper type and its complexity. Text can include tables and figures, block quotations, headings, and footnotes.

Text line spacing

Double-space all text, including headings and section labels, paragraphs of text, and block quotations.

Text alignment

Center the paper title on the first line of the text. Indent the first line of all paragraphs 0.5-in.

Left-align the text. Leave the right margin ragged.

Block quotation alignment

Indent the whole block quotation 0.5-in. from the left margin. Double-space the block quotation, the same as other body text. Find more information on the quotations page.

Use the same font throughout the entire paper. Write body text in standard (nonbold, nonitalic) font. Bold only headings and section labels. Use italics sparingly, for instance, to highlight a key term on first use (for more information, see the italics page).

Headings format

For detailed guidance on formatting headings, including headings in the introduction of a paper, see the headings page and the headings in sample papers .

• Alignment: Center Level 1 headings. Left-align Level 2 and Level 3 headings. Indent Level 4 and Level 5 headings like a regular paragraph.
• Font: Boldface all headings. Also italicize Level 3 and Level 5 headings. Create heading styles using your word-processing program (built into AcademicWriter, available for Word via the sample papers on the APA Style website).

Tables and figures setup

Tables and figures are only included in student papers if needed for the assignment. Tables and figures share the same elements and layout. See the website for sample tables and sample figures .

Table elements

Tables include the following four elements: 

• Body (rows and columns)
• Note (optional if needed to explain elements in the table)

Figure elements

Figures include the following four elements: 

• Image (chart, graph, etc.)
• Note (optional if needed to explain elements in the figure)

Table line spacing

Double-space the table number and title. Single-, 1.5-, or double-space the table body (adjust as needed for readability). Double-space the table note.

Figure line spacing

Double-space the figure number and title. The default settings for spacing in figure images is usually acceptable (but adjust the spacing as needed for readability). Double-space the figure note.

Table alignment

Left-align the table number and title. Center column headings. Left-align the table itself and left-align the leftmost (stub) column. Center data in the table body if it is short or left-align the data if it is long. Left-align the table note.

Figure alignment

Left-align the figure number and title. Left-align the whole figure image. The default alignment of the program in which you created your figure is usually acceptable for axis titles and data labels. Left-align the figure note.

Bold the table number. Italicize the table title. Use the same font and font size in the table body as the text of your paper. Italicize the word “Note” at the start of the table note. Write the note in the same font and font size as the text of your paper.

Figure font

Bold the figure number. Italicize the figure title. Use a sans serif font (e.g., Calibri, Arial) in the figure image in a size between 8 to 14 points. Italicize the word “Note” at the start of the figure note. Write the note in the same font and font size as the text of your paper.

Placement of tables and figures

There are two options for the placement of tables and figures in an APA Style paper. The first option is to place all tables and figures on separate pages after the reference list. The second option is to embed each table and figure within the text after its first callout. This guide describes options for the placement of tables and figures embedded in the text. If your instructor requires tables and figures to be placed at the end of the paper, see the table and figure guidelines and the sample professional paper .

Call out (mention) the table or figure in the text before embedding it (e.g., write “see Figure 1” or “Table 1 presents”). You can place the table or figure after the callout either at the bottom of the page, at the top of the next page, or by itself on the next page. Avoid placing tables and figures in the middle of the page.

Embedding at the bottom of the page

Include a callout to the table or figure in the text before that table or figure. Add a blank double-spaced line between the text and the table or figure at the bottom of the page.

Embedding at the top of the page

Include a callout to the table in the text on the previous page before that table or figure. The table or figure then appears at the top of the next page. Add a blank double-spaced line between the end of the table or figure and the text that follows.

Embedding on its own page

Embed long tables or large figures on their own page if needed. The text continues on the next page.

Reference list setup

Reference list elements.

The reference list consists of the “References” section label and the alphabetical list of references. View reference examples on the APA Style website. Consult Chapter 10 in both the Concise Guide and Publication Manual for even more examples.

Reference list line spacing

Start the reference list at the top of a new page after the text. Double-space the entire reference list (both within and between entries).

Reference list alignment

Center the “References” label. Apply a hanging indent of 0.5-in. to all reference list entries. Create the hanging indent using your word-processing program; do not manually hit the enter and tab keys.

Reference list font

Bold the “References” label at the top of the first page of references. Use italics within reference list entries on either the title (e.g., webpages, books, reports) or on the source (e.g., journal articles, edited book chapters).

Final checks

Check page order.

• Start each section on a new page.
• Arrange pages in the following order:
• Title page (page 1).
• Text (starts on page 2).
• Reference list (starts on a new page after the text).

Check headings

• Check that headings accurately reflect the content in each section.
• Start each main section with a Level 1 heading.
• Use Level 2 headings for subsections of the introduction.
• Use the same level of heading for sections of equal importance.
• Avoid having only one subsection within a section (have two or more, or none).

Check assignment instructions

• Remember that instructors’ guidelines supersede APA Style.
• Students should check their assignment guidelines or rubric for specific content to include in their papers and to make sure they are meeting assignment requirements.

Tips for better writing

• Ask for feedback on your paper from a classmate, writing center tutor, or instructor.
• Budget time to implement suggestions.
• Use spell-check and grammar-check to identify potential errors, and then manually check those flagged.
• Proofread the paper by reading it slowly and carefully aloud to yourself.
• Consult your university writing center if you need extra help.

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7 Tips in Writing a 12-Page Paper at the Last Minute

Learn 7 key tips for writing a 12-page paper fast. Master last-minute writing with these strategies.

Glice Martineau

Jun 13, 2024

Picture this: it's the night before your paper is due, and you're staring at a blank document, wondering how to write a 12-page paper in such a short amount of time.

The cursor blinks mockingly at you as the panic starts to set in.

We've all been there – procrastination, unexpected events, or simply underestimating the time needed for such a lengthy assignment.

The good news is that it's still possible to write a compelling informative or scientific paper , even when you're in a time crunch.

In this blog post, we'll share seven proven tips to help you tackle that daunting task and submit your paper on time, without compromising on quality.

So, take a deep breath, grab your favorite caffeinated beverage, and let's dive in!

7 Practical Tips for Writing a Paper for Procrastinators

Tip 1: break down the 12-page paper into manageable sections.

When writing a 12-page research paper, break the task into smaller sections. This makes the process less overwhelming and helps you maintain focus.

Create an outline with clear sections and subsections to serve as a roadmap for your paper.

Arrange the papers at key points in a logical flow and include relevant subsections for specific details.

Allocate a specific number of pages for each section to maintain a balanced structure throughout your entire paper.

For example, dedicate 2-3 pages for the introduction , 7-8 pages for the body paragraphs, and 1-2 pages for the conclusion .

Set mini-deadlines for each section to stay on track. Break it down into smaller tasks and assign realistic deadlines. Give yourself 2 hours for the introductory paragraph, 5 hours for the first half of one night the body paragraphs, and so on.

Breaking your paper into manageable sections is crucial when tackling a lengthy assignment under time constraints.

By creating an outline, allocating pages strategically, and setting mini-deadlines , you'll write a well-structured 12-page research paper, even when time is limited.

Tip 2: Gather Your Resources and Take Effective Notes

Before starting the writing process, gather relevant resources and take effective notes to support your thesis statement .

Use online academic databases and library resources to quickly identify key sources.

Utilize search functions to find materials that relate directly to your research paper topic .

Skim through sources to determine relevance and usefulness.

Focus on abstracts, introductions, conclusions, and section headings. Take concise notes on key ideas, important points, and examples that support your main argument.

Organize notes to align with your outline based your paper outline, creating sections for each main point. Categorize notes accordingly for easy reference while writing.

Record citation information for each source, such as author, title, publication date, and page numbers, to save time when creating your works cited page.

Gathering resources and taking effective notes provides a solid foundation for writing your 12-page paper efficiently under time constraints.

Tip 3: Write a Strong Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is the most important part of a well-written research paper. It provides clear direction throughout the body paragraph the research paper.

To create a thesis, ensure it is clear, specific, and arguable. A clear thesis leaves no doubt about your main argument, while a specific thesis narrows your focus.

An arguable thesis presents a debatable claim supported by research evidence .

Importance of a Thesis Statement

When writing your thesis, directly address the paper prompt or question. Read the assignment guidelines carefully and respond concisely with your own words and main points.

Use your thesis to guide your writing process and maintain focus. Every paragraph and article should relate to and support your thesis.

If you stray, reevaluate your writing to align with your central claim.

Remember, your thesis can be revised as you gather information and develop concepts.

Modify your thesis as your research paper evolves, but keep it clear, specific, and arguable.

Easily pronounces technical words in any field

Tip 4: Dive into Writing Without Perfecting Every Sentence

When writing a 12-page research paper under time constraints, focus on getting your theses down without pursuing perfect phrasing.

Start writing your first draft without worrying about structure or grammar.

Writing your First Draft

Follow your outline and let your statements flow. Your outline guides you, ensuring you cover all the main points. Allow your writing to be rough in this initial stage.

Resist to edit every sentence to perfection as you write. This slows progress and causes frustration. The first draft is about getting your thoughts out, not creating a polished final draft.

You'll refine your writing during the edit process. Once you've finished writing your draft, prioritize sentence structure, word choice, and clarity. Editing is the time to fine-tune your work.

By writing without perfecting every last sentence first, you'll make significant progress on your 12-page paper. Maintain momentum and avoid getting stuck on minor details. The goal is to get your ideas down and create a solid foundation for your final draft.

Tip 5: Use Transitional Phrases to Connect Ideas

When writing a research paper, ensure your concepts flow smoothly from one sentence or paragraph to the next using transitional phrases. These words and phrases effectively link paragraphs and sections, creating a good paper with a cohesive structure.

Using Transitions

Transitional phrases bridge your thesis statements and insights, guiding readers through your arguments and showing how each point relates to your thesis statement.

Examples include "moreover," "furthermore," "however," "in contrast," "similarly," and "as a result." Place these phrases strategically at the beginning or end of paragraphs to introduce new premises, counterarguments, or conclusions.

Using transitional phrases is crucial in a 12-page paper to maintain a smooth flow throughout. Without proper transitions, your paper may feel disjointed, making it difficult to follow your main idea. Transitional phrases ensure logical progression and build between sections.

Transitional phrases also help build coherent arguments by connecting main concepts and evidence. Use phrases like "firstly," "secondly," and "finally" to organize thoughts and show their relationship to your thesis. This makes arguments easier to follow and strengthens your research paper's impact.

Vary your transitional phrases to avoid monotony. Use a variety of words and phrases that suit your arguments' context.

Employing transitional phrases strategically ensures your 12-page paper has a smooth flow and coherent structure, even under tight deadlines.

Tip 6: Don't Neglect Your Introduction and Conclusion

When writing a 12-page research paper under time constraints, it's tempting to focus solely on paragraphs and leave the introduction and conclusion for last. However, these sections are crucial for framing arguments and leaving a lasting impression.

To ensure effective introductions and conclusions, write them after completing paragraphs.

This allows for a clear understanding of key points and structure before crafting these sections.

Introduction in Research Paper

Introductions should provide context and clearly state your subject or thesis statement. Briefly explain background information, present your thesis, and outline key points, giving readers a roadmap.

Conclusions in Research Paper

Conclusions should summarize main points and restate your thesis in light of presented evidence. Emphasize research significance and implications without introducing new information. Synthesize key concepts and provide closure.

Balance introduction and conclusion length proportionally to the paper's overall length. Dedicate about 10% of the total word count to each section. For a 3,000-word paper, introductions and conclusions should be approximately 300 words each.

Introductions and conclusions are the bookends of your research paper. They engage readers, establish main arguments, and leave lasting impacts. Writing these sections after paragraphs and dedicating appropriate time ensures a strong, cohesive 12-page paper.

Tip 7: Leave Time for Editing and Proofreading

After finishing your 12-page paper, set aside time for editing and proofreading. Reviewing and refining your paper can significantly improve its quality and impact.

Helpful Tips to Edit

When editing , double check for clarity, coherence, and cohesive flow of ideas. Read through your work with fresh eyes so you can catch mistakes.

Ensure your arguments make sense and ideas are clear and organized. Fill gaps in reasoning and provide additional evidence as needed.

Consider your paper's structure. Each paragraph should flow smoothly, with topic sentences introducing main ideas.

Cut irrelevant or redundant information.

Proofread for grammar, spelling, and formatting errors. Minor mistakes can detract from your paper's quality and credibility. Use spell check tools and carefully read through your work. Pay attention to punctuation, capitalization, and citation formatting.

Ask someone to review your paper and provide feedback. Fresh eyes can catch overlooked mistakes and offer an outside perspective on your arguments' effectiveness.

Allocate sufficient time for editing and proofreading. You may need several hours or a full day to thoroughly review and refine your work. A well-edited and polished paper can significantly impact your grade and research.

Final Thoughts

Writing a 12-page paper last minute is daunting, but with the right strategies and mindset, you can successfully complete your project on time.

Stay calm, focused, and organized. Break your paper into manageable sections, create an outline, and set mini-deadlines.

Gather resources and take effective notes, focusing on concepts and arguments that support your main statement.

Craft a clear, specific, and arguable thesis statement addressing the prompt and guiding your writing. Don't perfect every sentence in your draft; focus on getting your thoughts down and following your outline.

Use transitional phrases for smooth idea flow between paragraphs and sections. Don't neglect a well-written introduction and conclusion.

After your draft, edit and proofread for clarity, coherence, and errors.

By implementing these strategies and staying positive, you as students can overcome the challenges of writing a lengthy paper under time constraints.

Stay focused, trust your abilities, and remember that dedication and perseverance will help you complete your 12-page paper on time. Good luck!

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How to Write an APA Research Paper

Psychology/neuroscience 201, v iew in pdf format.

An APA-style paper includes the following sections: title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, and references. Your paper may also include one or more tables and/or figures. Different types of information about your study are addressed in each of the sections, as described below.

General formatting rules are as follows:

Do not put page breaks in between the introduction, method, results, and discussion sections.

The title page, abstract, references, table(s), and figure(s) should be on their own pages. The entire paper should be written in the past tense, in a 12-point font, double-spaced, and with one-inch margins all around.

(see sample on p. 41 of APA manual)

• Title should be between 10-12 words and should reflect content of paper (e.g., IV and DV).
• Title, your name, and Hamilton College are all double-spaced (no extra spaces)
• Create a page header using the “View header” function in MS Word. On the title page, the header should include the following: Flush left: Running head: THE RUNNING HEAD SHOULD BE IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS. The running head is a short title that appears at the top of pages of published articles. It should not exceed 50 characters, including punctuation and spacing. (Note: on the title page, you actually write the words “Running head,” but these words do not appear on subsequent pages; just the actual running head does. If you make a section break between the title page and the rest of the paper you can make the header different for those two parts of the manuscript). Flush right, on same line: page number. Use the toolbox to insert a page number, so it will automatically number each page.

Abstract (labeled, centered, not bold)

No more than 120 words, one paragraph, block format (i.e., don’t indent), double-spaced.

• State topic, preferably in one sentence. Provide overview of method, results, and discussion.

Introduction

(Do not label as “Introduction.” Title of paper goes at the top of the page—not bold)

The introduction of an APA-style paper is the most difficult to write. A good introduction will summarize, integrate, and critically evaluate the empirical knowledge in the relevant area(s) in a way that sets the stage for your study and why you conducted it. The introduction starts out broad (but not too broad!) and gets more focused toward the end. Here are some guidelines for constructing a good introduction:

• Don’t put your readers to sleep by beginning your paper with the time-worn sentence, “Past research has shown (blah blah blah)” They’ll be snoring within a paragraph!  Try to draw your reader in by saying something interesting or thought-provoking right off the bat.  Take a look at articles you’ve read. Which ones captured your attention right away? How did the authors accomplish this task? Which ones didn’t?  Why not?  See if you can use articles you liked as a model. One way to begin (but not the only way) is to provide an example or anecdote illustrative of your topic area.
• Although you won’t go into the details of your study and hypotheses until the end of the intro, you should foreshadow your study a bit at the end of the first paragraph by stating your purpose briefly, to give your reader a schema for all the information you will present next.
• Your intro should be a logical flow of ideas that leads up to your hypothesis. Try to organize it in terms of the ideas rather than who did what when. In other words, your intro shouldn’t read like a story of “Schmirdley did such-and-such in 1991. Then Gurglehoff did something-or-other in 1993.  Then....(etc.)” First, brainstorm all of the ideas you think are necessary to include in your paper. Next, decide which ideas make sense to present first, second, third, and so forth, and think about how you want to transition between ideas. When an idea is complex, don’t be afraid to use a real-life example to clarify it for your reader. The introduction will end with a brief overview of your study and, finally, your specific hypotheses. The hypotheses should flow logically out of everything that’s been presented, so that the reader has the sense of, “Of course. This hypothesis makes complete sense, given all the other research that was presented.”
• When incorporating references into your intro, you do not necessarily need to describe every single study in complete detail, particularly if different studies use similar methodologies. Certainly you want to summarize briefly key articles, though, and point out differences in methods or findings of relevant studies when necessary. Don’t make one mistake typical of a novice APA-paper writer by stating overtly why you’re including a particular article (e.g., “This article is relevant to my study because…”). It should be obvious to the reader why you’re including a reference without your explicitly saying so.  DO NOT quote from the articles, instead paraphrase by putting the information in your own words.
• Be careful about citing your sources (see APA manual). Make sure there is a one-to-one correspondence between the articles you’ve cited in your intro and the articles listed in your reference section.
• Remember that your audience is the broader scientific community, not the other students in your class or your professor.  Therefore, you should assume they have a basic understanding of psychology, but you need to provide them with the complete information necessary for them to understand the research you are presenting.

Method (labeled, centered, bold)

The Method section of an APA-style paper is the most straightforward to write, but requires precision. Your goal is to describe the details of your study in such a way that another researcher could duplicate your methods exactly.

The Method section typically includes Participants, Materials and/or Apparatus, and Procedure sections. If the design is particularly complicated (multiple IVs in a factorial experiment, for example), you might also include a separate Design subsection or have a “Design and Procedure” section.

Note that in some studies (e.g., questionnaire studies in which there are many measures to describe but the procedure is brief), it may be more useful to present the Procedure section prior to the Materials section rather than after it.

Participants (labeled, flush left, bold)

Total number of participants (# women, # men), age range, mean and SD for age, racial/ethnic composition (if applicable), population type (e.g., college students). Remember to write numbers out when they begin a sentence.

• How were the participants recruited? (Don’t say “randomly” if it wasn’t random!) Were they compensated for their time in any way? (e.g., money, extra credit points)
• Write for a broad audience. Thus, do not write, “Students in Psych. 280...” Rather, write (for instance), “Students in a psychological statistics and research methods course at a small liberal arts college….”
• Try to avoid short, choppy sentences. Combine information into a longer sentence when possible.

Materials (labeled, flush left, bold)

Carefully describe any stimuli, questionnaires, and so forth. It is unnecessary to mention things such as the paper and pencil used to record the responses, the data recording sheet, the computer that ran the data analysis, the color of the computer, and so forth.

• If you included a questionnaire, you should describe it in detail. For instance, note how many items were on the questionnaire, what the response format was (e.g., a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)), how many items were reverse-scored, whether the measure had subscales, and so forth. Provide a sample item or two for your reader.
• If you have created a new instrument, you should attach it as an Appendix.
• If you presented participants with various word lists to remember or stimuli to judge, you should describe those in detail here. Use subheadings to separate different types of stimuli if needed.  If you are only describing questionnaires, you may call this section “Measures.”

Apparatus (labeled, flush left, bold)

Include an apparatus section if you used specialized equipment for your study (e.g., the eye tracking machine) and need to describe it in detail.

Procedure (labeled, flush left, bold)

What did participants do, and in what order? When you list a control variable (e.g., “Participants all sat two feet from the experimenter.”), explain WHY you did what you did.  In other words, what nuisance variable were you controlling for? Your procedure should be as brief and concise as possible. Read through it. Did you repeat yourself anywhere? If so, how can you rearrange things to avoid redundancy? You may either write the instructions to the participants verbatim or paraphrase, whichever you deem more appropriate. Don’t forget to include brief statements about informed consent and debriefing.

Results (labeled, centered, bold)

In this section, describe how you analyzed the data and what you found. If your data analyses were complex, feel free to break this section down into labeled subsections, perhaps one section for each hypothesis.

• Include a section for descriptive statistics
• List what type of analysis or test you conducted to test each hypothesis.
• Refer to your Statistics textbook for the proper way to report results in APA style. A t-test, for example, is reported in the following format: t (18) = 3.57, p < .001, where 18 is the number of degrees of freedom (N – 2 for an independent-groups t test). For a correlation: r (32) = -.52, p < .001, where 32 is the number of degrees of freedom (N – 2 for a correlation). For a one-way ANOVA: F (2, 18) = 7.00, p < .001, where 2 represents the between and 18 represents df within Remember that if a finding has a p value greater than .05, it is “nonsignificant,” not “insignificant.” For nonsignificant findings, still provide the exact p values. For correlations, be sure to report the r 2 value as an assessment of the strength of the finding, to show what proportion of variability is shared by the two variables you’re correlating. For t- tests and ANOVAs, report eta 2 .
• Report exact p values to two or three decimal places (e.g., p = .042; see p. 114 of APA manual).  However, for p-values less than .001, simply put p < .001.
• Following the presentation of all the statistics and numbers, be sure to state the nature of your finding(s) in words and whether or not they support your hypothesis (e.g., “As predicted …”). This information can typically be presented in a sentence or two following the numbers (within the same paragraph). Also, be sure to include the relevant means and SDs.
• It may be useful to include a table or figure to represent your results visually. Be sure to refer to these in your paper (e.g., “As illustrated in Figure 1…”). Remember that you may present a set of findings either as a table or as a figure, but not as both. Make sure that your text is not redundant with your tables/figures. For instance, if you present a table of means and standard deviations, you do not need to also report these in the text. However, if you use a figure to represent your results, you may wish to report means and standard deviations in the text, as these may not always be precisely ascertained by examining the figure. Do describe the trends shown in the figure.
• Do not spend any time interpreting or explaining the results; save that for the Discussion section.

Discussion (labeled, centered, bold)

The goal of the discussion section is to interpret your findings and place them in the broader context of the literature in the area. A discussion section is like the reverse of the introduction, in that you begin with the specifics and work toward the more general (funnel out). Some points to consider:

• Begin with a brief restatement of your main findings (using words, not numbers). Did they support the hypothesis or not? If not, why not, do you think? Were there any surprising or interesting findings? How do your findings tie into the existing literature on the topic, or extend previous research? What do the results say about the broader behavior under investigation? Bring back some of the literature you discussed in the Introduction, and show how your results fit in (or don’t fit in, as the case may be). If you have surprising findings, you might discuss other theories that can help to explain the findings. Begin with the assumption that your results are valid, and explain why they might differ from others in the literature.
• What are the limitations of the study? If your findings differ from those of other researchers, or if you did not get statistically significant results, don’t spend pages and pages detailing what might have gone wrong with your study, but do provide one or two suggestions. Perhaps these could be incorporated into the future research section, below.
• What additional questions were generated from this study? What further research should be conducted on the topic? What gaps are there in the current body of research? Whenever you present an idea for a future research study, be sure to explain why you think that particular study should be conducted. What new knowledge would be gained from it?  Don’t just say, “I think it would be interesting to re-run the study on a different college campus” or “It would be better to run the study again with more participants.” Really put some thought into what extensions of the research might be interesting/informative, and why.
• What are the theoretical and/or practical implications of your findings? How do these results relate to larger issues of human thoughts, feelings, and behavior? Give your readers “the big picture.” Try to answer the question, “So what?

Final paragraph: Be sure to sum up your paper with a final concluding statement. Don’t just trail off with an idea for a future study. End on a positive note by reminding your reader why your study was important and what it added to the literature.

References (labeled, centered, not bold)

Provide an alphabetical listing of the references (alphabetize by last name of first author). Double-space all, with no extra spaces between references. The second line of each reference should be indented (this is called a hanging indent and is easily accomplished using the ruler in Microsoft Word). See the APA manual for how to format references correctly.

Examples of references to journal articles start on p. 198 of the manual, and examples of references to books and book chapters start on pp. 202. Digital object identifiers (DOIs) are now included for electronic sources (see pp. 187-192 of APA manual to learn more).

Journal article example: [Note that only the first letter of the first word of the article title is capitalized; the journal name and volume are italicized. If the journal name had multiple words, each of the major words would be capitalized.] 

Ebner-Priemer, U. W., & Trull, T. J. (2009). Ecological momentary assessment of mood disorders and mood dysregulation. Psychological Assessment, 21, 463-475. doi:10.1037/a0017075

Book chapter example: [Note that only the first letter of the first word of both the chapter title and book title are capitalized.]

Stephan, W. G. (1985). Intergroup relations. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (3 rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 599-658). New York: Random House.

Book example: Gray, P. (2010). Psychology (6 th ed.). New York: Worth

Table There are various formats for tables, depending upon the information you wish to include. See the APA manual. Be sure to provide a table number and table title (the latter is italicized). Tables can be single or double-spaced.

Figure If you have more than one figure, each one gets its own page. Use a sans serif font, such as Helvetica, for any text within your figure. Be sure to label your x- and y-axes clearly, and make sure you’ve noted the units of measurement of the DV. Underneath the figure provide a label and brief caption (e.g., “Figure 1. Mean evaluation of job applicant qualifications as a function of applicant attractiveness level”). The figure caption typically includes the IVs/predictor variables and the DV. Include error bars in your bar graphs, and note what the bars represent in the figure caption: Error bars represent one standard error above and below the mean.

In-Text Citations: (see pp. 174-179 of APA manual) When citing sources in your paper, you need to include the authors’ names and publication date.

You should use the following formats:

• When including the citation as part of the sentence, use AND: “According to Jones and Smith (2003), the…”
• When the citation appears in parentheses, use “&”: “Studies have shown that priming can affect actual motor behavior (Jones & Smith, 2003; Klein, Bailey, & Hammer, 1999).” The studies appearing in parentheses should be ordered alphabetically by the first author’s last name, and should be separated by semicolons.
• If you are quoting directly (which you should avoid), you also need to include the page number.
• For sources with three or more authors, once you have listed all the authors’ names, you may write “et al.” on subsequent mentions. For example: “Klein et al. (1999) found that….” For sources with two authors, both authors must be included every time the source is cited. When a source has six or more authors, the first author’s last name and “et al.” are used every time the source is cited (including the first time). 

Secondary Sources

“Secondary source” is the term used to describe material that is cited in another source. If in his article entitled “Behavioral Study of Obedience” (1963), Stanley Milgram makes reference to the ideas of Snow (presented above), Snow (1961) is the primary source, and Milgram (1963) is the secondary source.

Try to avoid using secondary sources in your papers; in other words, try to find the primary source and read it before citing it in your own work. If you must use a secondary source, however, you should cite it in the following way:

Snow (as cited in Milgram, 1963) argued that, historically, the cause of most criminal acts... The reference for the Milgram article (but not the Snow reference) should then appear in the reference list at the end of your paper.

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How to Write a Research Paper

Last Updated: February 18, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Chris Hadley, PhD . Chris Hadley, PhD is part of the wikiHow team and works on content strategy and data and analytics. Chris Hadley earned his PhD in Cognitive Psychology from UCLA in 2006. Chris' academic research has been published in numerous scientific journals. There are 14 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 4,199,127 times.

Whether you’re in a history, literature, or science class, you’ll probably have to write a research paper at some point. It may seem daunting when you’re just starting out, but staying organized and budgeting your time can make the process a breeze. Research your topic, find reliable sources, and come up with a working thesis. Then create an outline and start drafting your paper. Be sure to leave plenty of time to make revisions, as editing is essential if you want to hand in your best work!

Sample Research Papers and Outlines

Researching Your Topic

• For instance, you might start with a general subject, like British decorative arts. Then, as you read, you home in on transferware and pottery. Ultimately, you focus on 1 potter in the 1780s who invented a way to mass-produce patterned tableware.

Tip: If you need to analyze a piece of literature, your task is to pull the work apart into literary elements and explain how the author uses those parts to make their point.

• Authoritative, credible sources include scholarly articles (especially those other authors reference), government websites, scientific studies, and reputable news bureaus. Additionally, check your sources' dates, and make sure the information you gather is up to date.
• Evaluate how other scholars have approached your topic. Identify authoritative sources or works that are accepted as the most important accounts of the subject matter. Additionally, look for debates among scholars, and ask yourself who presents the strongest evidence for their case. [3] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source
• You’ll most likely need to include a bibliography or works cited page, so keep your sources organized. List your sources, format them according to your assigned style guide (such as MLA or Chicago ), and write 2 or 3 summary sentences below each one. [4] X Research source

• Imagine you’re a lawyer in a trial and are presenting a case to a jury. Think of your readers as the jurors; your opening statement is your thesis and you’ll present evidence to the jury to make your case.
• A thesis should be specific rather than vague, such as: “Josiah Spode’s improved formula for bone china enabled the mass production of transfer-printed wares, which expanded the global market for British pottery.”

Drafting Your Essay

• Your outline is your paper’s skeleton. After making the outline, all you’ll need to do is fill in the details.
• For easy reference, include your sources where they fit into your outline, like this: III. Spode vs. Wedgewood on Mass Production A. Spode: Perfected chemical formula with aims for fast production and distribution (Travis, 2002, 43) B. Wedgewood: Courted high-priced luxury market; lower emphasis on mass production (Himmelweit, 2001, 71) C. Therefore: Wedgewood, unlike Spode, delayed the expansion of the pottery market.

• For instance, your opening line could be, “Overlooked in the present, manufacturers of British pottery in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries played crucial roles in England’s Industrial Revolution.”
• After presenting your thesis, lay out your evidence, like this: “An examination of Spode’s innovative production and distribution techniques will demonstrate the importance of his contributions to the industry and Industrial Revolution at large.”

Tip: Some people prefer to write the introduction first and use it to structure the rest of the paper. However, others like to write the body, then fill in the introduction. Do whichever seems natural to you. If you write the intro first, keep in mind you can tweak it later to reflect your finished paper’s layout.

• After setting the context, you'd include a section on Josiah Spode’s company and what he did to make pottery easier to manufacture and distribute.
• Next, discuss how targeting middle class consumers increased demand and expanded the pottery industry globally.
• Then, you could explain how Spode differed from competitors like Wedgewood, who continued to court aristocratic consumers instead of expanding the market to the middle class.
• The right number of sections or paragraphs depends on your assignment. In general, shoot for 3 to 5, but check your prompt for your assigned length.

• If you bring up a counterargument, make sure it’s a strong claim that’s worth entertaining instead of ones that's weak and easily dismissed.
• Suppose, for instance, you’re arguing for the benefits of adding fluoride to toothpaste and city water. You could bring up a study that suggested fluoride produced harmful health effects, then explain how its testing methods were flawed.

• Sum up your argument, but don’t simply rewrite your introduction using slightly different wording. To make your conclusion more memorable, you could also connect your thesis to a broader topic or theme to make it more relatable to your reader.
• For example, if you’ve discussed the role of nationalism in World War I, you could conclude by mentioning nationalism’s reemergence in contemporary foreign affairs.

Revising Your Paper

• This is also a great opportunity to make sure your paper fulfills the parameters of the assignment and answers the prompt!
• It’s a good idea to put your essay aside for a few hours (or overnight, if you have time). That way, you can start editing it with fresh eyes.

Tip: Try to give yourself at least 2 or 3 days to revise your paper. It may be tempting to simply give your paper a quick read and use the spell-checker to make edits. However, revising your paper properly is more in-depth.

• The passive voice, such as “The door was opened by me,” feels hesitant and wordy. On the other hand, the active voice, or “I opened the door,” feels strong and concise.
• Each word in your paper should do a specific job. Try to avoid including extra words just to fill up blank space on a page or sound fancy.
• For instance, “The author uses pathos to appeal to readers’ emotions” is better than “The author utilizes pathos to make an appeal to the emotional core of those who read the passage.”

• Read your essay out loud to help ensure you catch every error. As you read, check for flow as well and, if necessary, tweak any spots that sound awkward. [13] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source

• It’s wise to get feedback from one person who’s familiar with your topic and another who’s not. The person who knows about the topic can help ensure you’ve nailed all the details. The person who’s unfamiliar with the topic can help make sure your writing is clear and easy to understand.

Community Q&A

• Remember that your topic and thesis should be as specific as possible. Thanks Helpful 5 Not Helpful 0
• Researching, outlining, drafting, and revising are all important steps, so do your best to budget your time wisely. Try to avoid waiting until the last minute to write your paper. Thanks Helpful 6 Not Helpful 2

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/planresearchpaper/
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/evaluating-print-sources/
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/conducting_research/research_overview/index.html
• ↑ https://poorvucenter.yale.edu/writing/graduate-writing-lab/writing-through-graduate-school/working-sources
• ↑ https://opentextbc.ca/writingforsuccess/chapter/chapter-5-putting-the-pieces-together-with-a-thesis-statement/
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/developing_an_outline/index.html
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/introductions/
• ↑ https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/counterarguments
• ↑ https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ending-essay-conclusions
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/revising-drafts/
• ↑ https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/formandstyle/writing/scholarlyvoice/activepassive
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/editing-and-proofreading/
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/reading-aloud/
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/proofreading/index.html

About This Article

To write a research paper, start by researching your topic at the library, online, or using an academic database. As you conduct your research and take notes, zero in on a specific topic that you want to write about and create a 1-2 sentence thesis to state the focus of your paper. Then, create an outline that includes an introduction, 3 to 5 body paragraphs to present your arguments, and a conclusion to sum up your main points. Once you have your paper's structure organized, draft your paragraphs, focusing on 1 argument per paragraph. Use the information you found through your research to back up your claims and prove your thesis statement. Finally, proofread and revise your content until it's polished and ready to submit. For more information on researching and citing sources, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Home » Research Paper – Structure, Examples and Writing Guide

Research Paper – Structure, Examples and Writing Guide

Table of Contents

Research Paper

Definition:

Research Paper is a written document that presents the author’s original research, analysis, and interpretation of a specific topic or issue.

It is typically based on Empirical Evidence, and may involve qualitative or quantitative research methods, or a combination of both. The purpose of a research paper is to contribute new knowledge or insights to a particular field of study, and to demonstrate the author’s understanding of the existing literature and theories related to the topic.

Structure of Research Paper

The structure of a research paper typically follows a standard format, consisting of several sections that convey specific information about the research study. The following is a detailed explanation of the structure of a research paper:

The title page contains the title of the paper, the name(s) of the author(s), and the affiliation(s) of the author(s). It also includes the date of submission and possibly, the name of the journal or conference where the paper is to be published.

The abstract is a brief summary of the research paper, typically ranging from 100 to 250 words. It should include the research question, the methods used, the key findings, and the implications of the results. The abstract should be written in a concise and clear manner to allow readers to quickly grasp the essence of the research.

Introduction

The introduction section of a research paper provides background information about the research problem, the research question, and the research objectives. It also outlines the significance of the research, the research gap that it aims to fill, and the approach taken to address the research question. Finally, the introduction section ends with a clear statement of the research hypothesis or research question.

Literature Review

The literature review section of a research paper provides an overview of the existing literature on the topic of study. It includes a critical analysis and synthesis of the literature, highlighting the key concepts, themes, and debates. The literature review should also demonstrate the research gap and how the current study seeks to address it.

The methods section of a research paper describes the research design, the sample selection, the data collection and analysis procedures, and the statistical methods used to analyze the data. This section should provide sufficient detail for other researchers to replicate the study.

The results section presents the findings of the research, using tables, graphs, and figures to illustrate the data. The findings should be presented in a clear and concise manner, with reference to the research question and hypothesis.

The discussion section of a research paper interprets the findings and discusses their implications for the research question, the literature review, and the field of study. It should also address the limitations of the study and suggest future research directions.

The conclusion section summarizes the main findings of the study, restates the research question and hypothesis, and provides a final reflection on the significance of the research.

The references section provides a list of all the sources cited in the paper, following a specific citation style such as APA, MLA or Chicago.

How to Write Research Paper

You can write Research Paper by the following guide:

• Choose a Topic: The first step is to select a topic that interests you and is relevant to your field of study. Brainstorm ideas and narrow down to a research question that is specific and researchable.
• Conduct a Literature Review: The literature review helps you identify the gap in the existing research and provides a basis for your research question. It also helps you to develop a theoretical framework and research hypothesis.
• Develop a Thesis Statement : The thesis statement is the main argument of your research paper. It should be clear, concise and specific to your research question.
• Plan your Research: Develop a research plan that outlines the methods, data sources, and data analysis procedures. This will help you to collect and analyze data effectively.
• Collect and Analyze Data: Collect data using various methods such as surveys, interviews, observations, or experiments. Analyze data using statistical tools or other qualitative methods.
• Organize your Paper : Organize your paper into sections such as Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. Ensure that each section is coherent and follows a logical flow.
• Write your Paper : Start by writing the introduction, followed by the literature review, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Ensure that your writing is clear, concise, and follows the required formatting and citation styles.
• Edit and Proofread your Paper: Review your paper for grammar and spelling errors, and ensure that it is well-structured and easy to read. Ask someone else to review your paper to get feedback and suggestions for improvement.
• Cite your Sources: Ensure that you properly cite all sources used in your research paper. This is essential for giving credit to the original authors and avoiding plagiarism.

Research Paper Example

Note : The below example research paper is for illustrative purposes only and is not an actual research paper. Actual research papers may have different structures, contents, and formats depending on the field of study, research question, data collection and analysis methods, and other factors. Students should always consult with their professors or supervisors for specific guidelines and expectations for their research papers.

Research Paper Example sample for Students:

Title: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health among Young Adults

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the impact of social media use on the mental health of young adults. A literature review was conducted to examine the existing research on the topic. A survey was then administered to 200 university students to collect data on their social media use, mental health status, and perceived impact of social media on their mental health. The results showed that social media use is positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. The study also found that social comparison, cyberbullying, and FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) are significant predictors of mental health problems among young adults.

Introduction: Social media has become an integral part of modern life, particularly among young adults. While social media has many benefits, including increased communication and social connectivity, it has also been associated with negative outcomes, such as addiction, cyberbullying, and mental health problems. This study aims to investigate the impact of social media use on the mental health of young adults.

Literature Review: The literature review highlights the existing research on the impact of social media use on mental health. The review shows that social media use is associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and other mental health problems. The review also identifies the factors that contribute to the negative impact of social media, including social comparison, cyberbullying, and FOMO.

Methods : A survey was administered to 200 university students to collect data on their social media use, mental health status, and perceived impact of social media on their mental health. The survey included questions on social media use, mental health status (measured using the DASS-21), and perceived impact of social media on their mental health. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis.

Results : The results showed that social media use is positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. The study also found that social comparison, cyberbullying, and FOMO are significant predictors of mental health problems among young adults.

Discussion : The study’s findings suggest that social media use has a negative impact on the mental health of young adults. The study highlights the need for interventions that address the factors contributing to the negative impact of social media, such as social comparison, cyberbullying, and FOMO.

Conclusion : In conclusion, social media use has a significant impact on the mental health of young adults. The study’s findings underscore the need for interventions that promote healthy social media use and address the negative outcomes associated with social media use. Future research can explore the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing the negative impact of social media on mental health. Additionally, longitudinal studies can investigate the long-term effects of social media use on mental health.

Limitations : The study has some limitations, including the use of self-report measures and a cross-sectional design. The use of self-report measures may result in biased responses, and a cross-sectional design limits the ability to establish causality.

Implications: The study’s findings have implications for mental health professionals, educators, and policymakers. Mental health professionals can use the findings to develop interventions that address the negative impact of social media use on mental health. Educators can incorporate social media literacy into their curriculum to promote healthy social media use among young adults. Policymakers can use the findings to develop policies that protect young adults from the negative outcomes associated with social media use.

References :

• Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2019). Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study. Preventive medicine reports, 15, 100918.
• Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. B., … & James, A. E. (2017). Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among US young adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 1-9.
• Van der Meer, T. G., & Verhoeven, J. W. (2017). Social media and its impact on academic performance of students. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 16, 383-398.

Appendix : The survey used in this study is provided below.

Social Media and Mental Health Survey

• How often do you use social media per day?
• Less than 30 minutes
• 30 minutes to 1 hour
• 1 to 2 hours
• 2 to 4 hours
• More than 4 hours
• Which social media platforms do you use?
• Others (Please specify)
• How often do you experience the following on social media?
• Social comparison (comparing yourself to others)
• Cyberbullying
• Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)
• Have you ever experienced any of the following mental health problems in the past month?
• Do you think social media use has a positive or negative impact on your mental health?
• Very positive
• Somewhat positive
• Somewhat negative
• Very negative
• In your opinion, which factors contribute to the negative impact of social media on mental health?
• Social comparison
• In your opinion, what interventions could be effective in reducing the negative impact of social media on mental health?
• Education on healthy social media use
• Counseling for mental health problems caused by social media
• Social media detox programs
• Regulation of social media use

Thank you for your participation!

Applications of Research Paper

Research papers have several applications in various fields, including:

• Advancing knowledge: Research papers contribute to the advancement of knowledge by generating new insights, theories, and findings that can inform future research and practice. They help to answer important questions, clarify existing knowledge, and identify areas that require further investigation.
• Informing policy: Research papers can inform policy decisions by providing evidence-based recommendations for policymakers. They can help to identify gaps in current policies, evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, and inform the development of new policies and regulations.
• Improving practice: Research papers can improve practice by providing evidence-based guidance for professionals in various fields, including medicine, education, business, and psychology. They can inform the development of best practices, guidelines, and standards of care that can improve outcomes for individuals and organizations.
• Educating students : Research papers are often used as teaching tools in universities and colleges to educate students about research methods, data analysis, and academic writing. They help students to develop critical thinking skills, research skills, and communication skills that are essential for success in many careers.
• Fostering collaboration: Research papers can foster collaboration among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers by providing a platform for sharing knowledge and ideas. They can facilitate interdisciplinary collaborations and partnerships that can lead to innovative solutions to complex problems.

When to Write Research Paper

Research papers are typically written when a person has completed a research project or when they have conducted a study and have obtained data or findings that they want to share with the academic or professional community. Research papers are usually written in academic settings, such as universities, but they can also be written in professional settings, such as research organizations, government agencies, or private companies.

Here are some common situations where a person might need to write a research paper:

• For academic purposes: Students in universities and colleges are often required to write research papers as part of their coursework, particularly in the social sciences, natural sciences, and humanities. Writing research papers helps students to develop research skills, critical thinking skills, and academic writing skills.
• For publication: Researchers often write research papers to publish their findings in academic journals or to present their work at academic conferences. Publishing research papers is an important way to disseminate research findings to the academic community and to establish oneself as an expert in a particular field.
• To inform policy or practice : Researchers may write research papers to inform policy decisions or to improve practice in various fields. Research findings can be used to inform the development of policies, guidelines, and best practices that can improve outcomes for individuals and organizations.
• To share new insights or ideas: Researchers may write research papers to share new insights or ideas with the academic or professional community. They may present new theories, propose new research methods, or challenge existing paradigms in their field.

Purpose of Research Paper

The purpose of a research paper is to present the results of a study or investigation in a clear, concise, and structured manner. Research papers are written to communicate new knowledge, ideas, or findings to a specific audience, such as researchers, scholars, practitioners, or policymakers. The primary purposes of a research paper are:

• To contribute to the body of knowledge : Research papers aim to add new knowledge or insights to a particular field or discipline. They do this by reporting the results of empirical studies, reviewing and synthesizing existing literature, proposing new theories, or providing new perspectives on a topic.
• To inform or persuade: Research papers are written to inform or persuade the reader about a particular issue, topic, or phenomenon. They present evidence and arguments to support their claims and seek to persuade the reader of the validity of their findings or recommendations.
• To advance the field: Research papers seek to advance the field or discipline by identifying gaps in knowledge, proposing new research questions or approaches, or challenging existing assumptions or paradigms. They aim to contribute to ongoing debates and discussions within a field and to stimulate further research and inquiry.
• To demonstrate research skills: Research papers demonstrate the author’s research skills, including their ability to design and conduct a study, collect and analyze data, and interpret and communicate findings. They also demonstrate the author’s ability to critically evaluate existing literature, synthesize information from multiple sources, and write in a clear and structured manner.

Characteristics of Research Paper

Research papers have several characteristics that distinguish them from other forms of academic or professional writing. Here are some common characteristics of research papers:

• Evidence-based: Research papers are based on empirical evidence, which is collected through rigorous research methods such as experiments, surveys, observations, or interviews. They rely on objective data and facts to support their claims and conclusions.
• Structured and organized: Research papers have a clear and logical structure, with sections such as introduction, literature review, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. They are organized in a way that helps the reader to follow the argument and understand the findings.
• Formal and objective: Research papers are written in a formal and objective tone, with an emphasis on clarity, precision, and accuracy. They avoid subjective language or personal opinions and instead rely on objective data and analysis to support their arguments.
• Citations and references: Research papers include citations and references to acknowledge the sources of information and ideas used in the paper. They use a specific citation style, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago, to ensure consistency and accuracy.
• Peer-reviewed: Research papers are often peer-reviewed, which means they are evaluated by other experts in the field before they are published. Peer-review ensures that the research is of high quality, meets ethical standards, and contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the field.
• Objective and unbiased: Research papers strive to be objective and unbiased in their presentation of the findings. They avoid personal biases or preconceptions and instead rely on the data and analysis to draw conclusions.

Advantages of Research Paper

Research papers have many advantages, both for the individual researcher and for the broader academic and professional community. Here are some advantages of research papers:

• Contribution to knowledge: Research papers contribute to the body of knowledge in a particular field or discipline. They add new information, insights, and perspectives to existing literature and help advance the understanding of a particular phenomenon or issue.
• Opportunity for intellectual growth: Research papers provide an opportunity for intellectual growth for the researcher. They require critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity, which can help develop the researcher’s skills and knowledge.
• Career advancement: Research papers can help advance the researcher’s career by demonstrating their expertise and contributions to the field. They can also lead to new research opportunities, collaborations, and funding.
• Academic recognition: Research papers can lead to academic recognition in the form of awards, grants, or invitations to speak at conferences or events. They can also contribute to the researcher’s reputation and standing in the field.
• Impact on policy and practice: Research papers can have a significant impact on policy and practice. They can inform policy decisions, guide practice, and lead to changes in laws, regulations, or procedures.
• Advancement of society: Research papers can contribute to the advancement of society by addressing important issues, identifying solutions to problems, and promoting social justice and equality.

Limitations of Research Paper

Research papers also have some limitations that should be considered when interpreting their findings or implications. Here are some common limitations of research papers:

• Limited generalizability: Research findings may not be generalizable to other populations, settings, or contexts. Studies often use specific samples or conditions that may not reflect the broader population or real-world situations.
• Potential for bias : Research papers may be biased due to factors such as sample selection, measurement errors, or researcher biases. It is important to evaluate the quality of the research design and methods used to ensure that the findings are valid and reliable.
• Ethical concerns: Research papers may raise ethical concerns, such as the use of vulnerable populations or invasive procedures. Researchers must adhere to ethical guidelines and obtain informed consent from participants to ensure that the research is conducted in a responsible and respectful manner.
• Limitations of methodology: Research papers may be limited by the methodology used to collect and analyze data. For example, certain research methods may not capture the complexity or nuance of a particular phenomenon, or may not be appropriate for certain research questions.
• Publication bias: Research papers may be subject to publication bias, where positive or significant findings are more likely to be published than negative or non-significant findings. This can skew the overall findings of a particular area of research.
• Time and resource constraints: Research papers may be limited by time and resource constraints, which can affect the quality and scope of the research. Researchers may not have access to certain data or resources, or may be unable to conduct long-term studies due to practical limitations.

About the author

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Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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Getting started with your research paper outline

Levels of organization for a research paper outline

First level of organization, second level of organization, third level of organization, fourth level of organization, tips for writing a research paper outline, research paper outline template, my research paper outline is complete: what are the next steps, frequently asked questions about a research paper outline, related articles.

The outline is the skeleton of your research paper. Simply start by writing down your thesis and the main ideas you wish to present. This will likely change as your research progresses; therefore, do not worry about being too specific in the early stages of writing your outline.

A research paper outline typically contains between two and four layers of organization. The first two layers are the most generalized. Each layer thereafter will contain the research you complete and presents more and more detailed information.

The levels are typically represented by a combination of Roman numerals, Arabic numerals, uppercase letters, lowercase letters but may include other symbols. Refer to the guidelines provided by your institution, as formatting is not universal and differs between universities, fields, and subjects. If you are writing the outline for yourself, you may choose any combination you prefer.

This is the most generalized level of information. Begin by numbering the introduction, each idea you will present, and the conclusion. The main ideas contain the bulk of your research paper 's information. Depending on your research, it may be chapters of a book for a literature review , a series of dates for a historical research paper, or the methods and results of a scientific paper.

I. Introduction

II. Main idea

III. Main idea

IV. Main idea

V. Conclusion

The second level consists of topics which support the introduction, main ideas, and the conclusion. Each main idea should have at least two supporting topics listed in the outline.

If your main idea does not have enough support, you should consider presenting another main idea in its place. This is where you should stop outlining if this is your first draft. Continue your research before adding to the next levels of organization.

• A. Background information
• B. Hypothesis or thesis
• A. Supporting topic
• B. Supporting topic

The third level of organization contains supporting information for the topics previously listed. By now, you should have completed enough research to add support for your ideas.

The Introduction and Main Ideas may contain information you discovered about the author, timeframe, or contents of a book for a literature review; the historical events leading up to the research topic for a historical research paper, or an explanation of the problem a scientific research paper intends to address.

• 1. Relevant history
• 2. Relevant history
• 1. The hypothesis or thesis clearly stated
• 1. A brief description of supporting information
• 2. A brief description of supporting information

The fourth level of organization contains the most detailed information such as quotes, references, observations, or specific data needed to support the main idea. It is not typical to have further levels of organization because the information contained here is the most specific.

• a) Quotes or references to another piece of literature
• b) Quotes or references to another piece of literature

Tip: The key to creating a useful outline is to be consistent in your headings, organization, and levels of specificity.

• Be Consistent : ensure every heading has a similar tone. State the topic or write short sentences for each heading but avoid doing both.
• Organize Information : Higher levels of organization are more generally stated and each supporting level becomes more specific. The introduction and conclusion will never be lower than the first level of organization.
• Build Support : Each main idea should have two or more supporting topics. If your research does not have enough information to support the main idea you are presenting, you should, in general, complete additional research or revise the outline.

By now, you should know the basic requirements to create an outline for your paper. With a content framework in place, you can now start writing your paper . To help you start right away, you can use one of our templates and adjust it to suit your needs.

After completing your outline, you should:

• Title your research paper . This is an iterative process and may change when you delve deeper into the topic.
• Begin writing your research paper draft . Continue researching to further build your outline and provide more information to support your hypothesis or thesis.
• Format your draft appropriately . MLA 8 and APA 7 formats have differences between their bibliography page, in-text citations, line spacing, and title.
• Finalize your citations and bibliography . Use a reference manager like Paperpile to organize and cite your research.
• Write the abstract, if required . An abstract will briefly state the information contained within the paper, results of the research, and the conclusion.

An outline is used to organize written ideas about a topic into a logical order. Outlines help us organize major topics, subtopics, and supporting details. Researchers benefit greatly from outlines while writing by addressing which topic to cover in what order.

The most basic outline format consists of: an introduction, a minimum of three topic paragraphs, and a conclusion.

You should make an outline before starting to write your research paper. This will help you organize the main ideas and arguments you want to present in your topic.

• Consistency: ensure every heading has a similar tone. State the topic or write short sentences for each heading but avoid doing both.
• Organization : Higher levels of organization are more generally stated and each supporting level becomes more specific. The introduction and conclusion will never be lower than the first level of organization.
• Support : Each main idea should have two or more supporting topics. If your research does not have enough information to support the main idea you are presenting, you should, in general, complete additional research or revise the outline.

Research Paper Guide

Research Paper Example

Last updated on: Nov 20, 2023

Research Paper Example: Samples to Write a Research Paper

By: Nathan D.

Reviewed By: Jacklyn H.

Published on: Jun 11, 2019

Working on your research paper?

Want to learn the dos and don’ts of writing a research paper? Learn from examples!

We have compiled some examples to help you get started. If you are in need of a research paper example, take a look at these samples and choose one that is best suited for your  research paper writing  needs.

You can also use these as templates to create your own research papers. There are many different samples available here so please feel free to browse around and find the perfect one for yourself.

Stay with us to learn more.

On this Page

What is a Research Paper?

A research paper is different from a usual kind of essay and assignment. It requires more research and explanation than any other assignment and has a set structure for it. It is a complex type of academic paper. Usually, students studying science write them for their coursework and as a degree requirement.

It is generally simpler than high school term papers and a dissertation that students write in humanities and other academic groups. Research papers are common in the academic world, and students, regardless of the field of study, get them as part of their degree requirements.

The research writing skills are invaluable for everyone and not just for the students only. Young professionals and entrepreneurs benefit a lot from these skills. Writing a research paper properly means that you have to study, observe, and choose a topic. The step-by-step guide for  writing a research paper  will help you find answers to your research questions.

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College Research Paper Example

Examples work great when you are looking to learn something in less time and with more efficiency. Below, we have added some good research paper examples. With them, you could learn about a research paper format and structure.

Moreover, we will also be able to add relevant and credible sources in each section.

APA Style Research Paper

Below is an APA-style sample research paper guide. Each section is explained separately. By going through it, you will know how to format and write each section of your APA research paper successfully.

APA STYLE RESEARCH PAPER

MLA Style Research Paper

This MLA-style research paper explains all the sections and formatting of the paper in detail. This will help you in writing an MLA-style paper successfully.

MLA STYLE RESEARCH PAPER

Subject-Related Research Paper Example

Research papers are not limited to a specific field area. Instead, students need to write research papers for almost every subject. Check out the following research paper examples for several subjects.

Computer Science Research Paper

The research paper is about computer science and how science is a part of it. Scientific research papers are different from what the students do in other disciplines. They are more statistical in nature and often have graphs and visual representations of the data.

COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCH PAPER

Chemical Engineering Research Paper

Chemical engineering studies the engineering of different chemicals and how they work together. The following chemical engineering research paper is about the calcium looping cycle for carbon dioxide obtained from different manufacturing processes.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH PAPER

Nursing Research Paper

The research paper explores the benefits of participating in research. Medical sciences heavily rely on real-life research and results, and therefore, it uses medical professionals as subjects. The paper discusses how the experience contributes to their professional life and helps them work better.

NURSING RESEARCH PAPER

Psychology Research Paper

Psychology is the study of the mind. The paper examines the positive effects of psychology at school. It discusses how it will help in controlling the mental illnesses in adolescents and help in enhancing their health.

PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH PAPER

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Research Paper Outline Example

A research paper’s outline may consist of different formats and sections based on the research topic. Therefore, you must ask your instructor to go through the research content and guide you.

Before starting to write a research paper, you will need to write and submit a research proposal. A research proposal includes the details of your proposed research, the significance of the research, the impact your research will have on the area of research, and the methodology that you will use. For writing a research proposal , you need to discuss all of these factors.

A research paper follows a set pattern and structure. Just like an essay or any other assignment, it also has some sections that you have to include in it. However, before formatting, make sure that you follow the referencing style that your teacher has provided.

The main research paper outline is given below. Pay attention to the document to get a detailed idea of the writing process.

RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE EXAMPLE

This outline includes the following sections:

An abstract is usually written after the entire paper. It explains the research question and the expected outcome of the research.

Here, we have added an abstract example to help you see how to write an engaging abstract in no time.

RESEARCH PAPER ABSTRACT EXAMPLE

Introduction

It is the first section of the research. It gives a background of the research, explains the main research topic briefly, and presents the hypothesis.

A strong introduction is essential for a strong research paper because no one will read the paper if the introduction is lousy and weak. Go through the attached example to learn how to write a good research paper example.

RESEARCH PAPER INTRODUCTION EXAMPLE

Thesis Statement

A thesis statement presents the main topic and aim of the research. It is brief and based on a few lines only.

The following downloadable PDF has some great thesis statement examples that are engaging and help to convey the message powerfully.

RESEARCH PAPER THESIS EXAMPLE

This is the meatiest part of the research paper. It includes all the chapters and sections of the research.

The main body of the paper discusses the entire paper in detail. All the main points and arguments of the paper are added in this section. Learn how to add and discuss everything by going through the following downloadable PDF.

EXAMPLE OF DISCUSSION IN RESEARCH PAPER

Literature Review

It is added in the main body section. It includes the study of previous relevant studies and research and discusses their outcome. You will discuss your main topic and draw parallels and contrasts with these existing studies.

EXAMPLE OF A LITERATURE REVIEW IN A RESEARCH PAPER

Research Methodology

Discuss the type of research that you are going to use for the research. Usually, scientific research is based on quantitative research and includes statistical analysis. Theoretical research uses qualitative method and includes studying of theory and other research.

EXAMPLE OF METHODOLOGY IN RESEARCH PAPER

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This is the closing part of your research paper as you will conclude your research here. Mention your thesis statement and main research findings here and close it.

The conclusion does not mean that you have a chance to add some new ideas or points here; it would be a disaster. To know better, go through the following PDF.

RESEARCH PAPER CONCLUSION EXAMPLE

An appendix is an optional section in the research paper. It contains terms and topics that are too detailed to be added to the main text. It also states the topics and page number, which makes it easier to find relevant topics.

APPENDICES EXAMPLE IN RESEARCH PAPER

Now you must have explored different examples of a research paper. You can generate more examples according to your field of study by using our FREE AI powered paper typer .

However, if you are still wondering how to write it perfectly, consult the best write essay for me?  service now.

5StarEssays.com  offers high-quality and affordable research paper writing help. Place your  order  now to get your scientific research paper, or any other type of paper, written by experts.

Education, Literature

Nathan completed his Ph.D. in journalism and has been writing articles for well-respected publications for many years now. His work is carefully researched and insightful, showing a true passion for the written word. Nathan's clients appreciate his expertise, deep understanding of the process, and ability to communicate difficult concepts clearly.

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Keep reading.

• How to Write a Research Paper - Writing Guide & Examples

• 20+ Thesis Statement Examples for Research Papers

• Learn How to Write an Abstract - Steps & Examples

• How to Write a Literature Review: Steps and Outline

• How to Start a Research Paper - 9 Simple Steps

• Psychology Research Topics - 170+ Ideas for Your Paper

• How to Write a Hypothesis - A Step-by-Step Guide

• Writing a Research Proposal - Outline, Format, and Examples

• Good Research Paper Topics & Ideas for Students

• Good History Research Paper Topics For Your Help

• How to Cite a Research Paper with the Help of Examples

• How to Write a Research Methodology in 10 Simple Steps

• Research Paper Outline - Basic Format & Sample

• Great Sociology Research Topics & Ideas (2024)

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Research Paper Template

The fastest (and smartest) way to craft a research paper that showcases your project and earns you marks. 

Available in Google Doc, Word & PDF format 4.9 star rating, 5000 + downloads

Step-by-step instructions

Tried & tested academic format

Fill-in-the-blanks simplicity

Pro tips, tricks and resources

What It Covers

This template’s structure is based on the tried and trusted best-practice format for academic research papers. Its structure reflects the overall research process, ensuring your paper has a smooth, logical flow from chapter to chapter. Here’s what’s included:

• The title page/cover page
• Abstract (or executive summary)
• Section 1: Introduction 
• Section 2: Literature review 
• Section 3: Methodology
• Section 4: Findings /results
• Section 5: Discussion
• Section 6: Conclusion
• Reference list

Each section is explained in plain, straightforward language , followed by an overview of the key elements that you need to cover within each section. 

You can download a fully editable MS Word File (DOCX format), copy it to your Google Drive or paste the content to any other word processor.

download your copy

100% Free to use. Instant access.

I agree to receive the free template and other useful resources.

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FAQs: Research Paper Template

What format is the template (doc, pdf, ppt, etc.).

The research paper template is provided as a Google Doc. You can download it in MS Word format or make a copy to your Google Drive. You’re also welcome to convert it to whatever format works best for you, such as LaTeX or PDF.

What types of research papers can this template be used for?

The template follows the standard best-practice structure for formal academic research papers, so it is suitable for the vast majority of degrees, particularly those within the sciences.

Some universities may have some additional requirements, but these are typically minor, with the core structure remaining the same. Therefore, it’s always a good idea to double-check your university’s requirements before you finalise your structure.

Is this template for an undergrad, Masters or PhD-level research paper?

This template can be used for a research paper at any level of study. It may be slight overkill for an undergraduate-level study, but it certainly won’t be missing anything.

How long should my research paper be?

This depends entirely on your university’s specific requirements, so it’s best to check with them. We include generic word count ranges for each section within the template, but these are purely indicative. 

What about the research proposal?

If you’re still working on your research proposal, we’ve got a template for that here .

We’ve also got loads of proposal-related guides and videos over on the Grad Coach blog .

How do I write a literature review?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack how to write a literature review from scratch. You can check out the literature review section of the blog here.

How do I create a research methodology?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack research methodology, both qualitative and quantitative. You can check out the methodology section of the blog here.

Can I share this research paper template with my friends/colleagues?

Yes, you’re welcome to share this template. If you want to post about it on your blog or social media, all we ask is that you reference this page as your source.

Can Grad Coach help me with my research paper?

Within the template, you’ll find plain-language explanations of each section, which should give you a fair amount of guidance. However, you’re also welcome to consider our private coaching services .

Additional Resources

If you’re working on a research paper or report, be sure to also check these resources out…

1-On-1 Private Coaching

The Grad Coach Resource Center

The Grad Coach YouTube Channel

The Grad Coach Podcast

15 Page Essay & Research Paper Examples

What does a 15 page essay look like? If you’re searching for an answer to this question, you’re in the right place! Such a paper is a standard high school and college assignment. That’s why it might be written on almost any topic. Police brutality, World War II, religion, and overpopulation are just some of the options.

A 15 page essay word count is usually 3700 to 3750 words (12 pt., double-spaced). The length of a typical academic paragraph is 100 to 150 words. So, there are 25 to 37 paragraphs in a paper of 15 pages.

If you need 15 page essay examples, look at the list below. We’ve collected A+ samples for you to get inspired. Good luck with your writing!

15-page Essay Examples: 934 Samples

Understanding educational policies.

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The Evolution of the iPhone from Inception to Today’s iPhone 4

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Income Inequality as a Major Roadblock in the Way for Economic and Social Prosperity

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McDonald Expansion in China

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The Role of the US in the Gulf War

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Fashion as an Integral Aspect of Modern Culture: Identity Importance

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Marketing the Apple Brand: E-Marketing

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Developing International Business Leadership Skills

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Honecker and the Belated Reforms

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Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace

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Dialect: Development and Significance

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Human Resource Development

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Public Policies; the Pros and Cons

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Nozick Entitlement Theory of Justice

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The Relationship Between Employee and Employer

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The Empirical Project: Turkey

• Subjects: Economics Inflation
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E-Marketing Plan for Red Deer Rebels Hockey Club

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Fashion helps us to define and show who we are and what we do

• Subjects: Identity Sociology
• Words: 4154

Racial Discrimination in America

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An Analysis Import & Export Practices: An Evaluation of Current Practices Across China, Singapore and Malaysia

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• Words: 3990

Colorism as an Act of Discrimination in the United States

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What Is Literature? Definition and Meaning

• Subjects: Literature World Literature
• Words: 4190

“The Entertainment Village” Business Plan

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The Political Influence of Lesane Parish Crooks Lyrics

• Subjects: Art Singers
• Words: 4194

The Spread of Democracy

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Globalization in Politics and on the World Peace

• Subjects: International Relations Politics & Government
• Words: 4118

Agro-Terrorism: The Lessons to Learn

• Subjects: Agriculture Sciences
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New Business of Sony

• Words: 3987

Toyota Company’s Marketing Communication Strategy

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Is United Nations Organization Useful or not Useful Nowadays?

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Holden General Motors Analysis

• Subjects: Business Company Analysis

Spirit of Faith Church Catering Services: Fundraising Project

• Subjects: Business Global Scale Management
• Words: 4445

Conflicts at Work Places and Conflict Resolution

General motors case in 2009.

• Words: 4089

How Divorce and Single Parenting Affects Children

• Subjects: Sociological Issues Sociology

Corruption in Law Enforcement

• Subjects: Law Enforcement Politics & Government
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Marketing Plan for a New Cardiac Center

The relationships between the various manufacturing aspects of a pencil and the purchasing of the final product by the ultimate consumer.

• Subjects: Consumer Science Economics
• Words: 4144

Historical Relationship of the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos and How It Is Changing the Environment

• Subjects: Literature Themes in American Novels

Impacts of Oil Spill on Dolphins and Fishing in Gulf of Mexico

• Subjects: Sciences Zoology
• Words: 4140

Apple Inc. and 3M

• Subjects: Advertising Entertainment & Media
• Words: 4274

Impact of Gambling on the Bahamian Economy

• Subjects: Economics Influences on Political Economy
• Words: 3871

Marketing Research and Marketing Assignment

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The Lifestyle of Salvador Dali

• Subjects: Art Artists
• Words: 4096

Urbanization and Environment

• Subjects: Ecology Environment
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Citizens Protests and Elections Outcomes

• Subjects: Elections Politics & Government
• Words: 4106

Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan

• Subjects: Historical Figures History
• Words: 4077

Barrack Obama and Race in Politics and Culture

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Use of Cell Phones in Public Schools and Should Cell Phones Be Allowed in Public Schools

• Words: 4166

The Economic Performance of the United Arab Emirates

• Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles Economics
• Words: 4071

Review of Revenue Estimates in Federal, State, Agency and Local Budgets

• Subjects: Economics Regulation of Finance
• Words: 4082

The Impact of the Real Estate in Dubai Economy

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Strategic Planning for Tourism Report-New Zealand

• Subjects: Tourism Trips and Tours
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History of the Role of Democracy in the World

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State Unions in Wisconsin

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Replacing of Physical Artefacts on the Digital Version

• Subjects: Art History of Art
• Words: 3785

Corporate Social Responsibility at Starbucks

• Subjects: Business Business Ethics
• Words: 4115

Animal Testing: Ethical Dilemmas in Business

• Subjects: Animal Rights Sociology
• Words: 4158

Employer Spying On Employees

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Layout Selection for Service Industry

• Words: 3996

Nike Company’s Marketing Strategy

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Importance of Training and Development for Employees

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Controversies Over Freedom of Speech and Internet Postings

• Subjects: Entertainment & Media Journalism
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Workplace Health & Safety: The Ethical Dilemmas

• Words: 3985

History of Teotihuacan Civilization

• Subjects: Ancient History History
• Words: 3821

Maya, Aztec and Inca Collapse

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Introduction to New Venture Development

• Words: 3856

An Innovation of Solar Charged Laptops

• Subjects: Engineering Tech & Engineering
• Words: 4239

U.S. and Canada Constitutions

• Subjects: Constitutional Law Law
• Words: 4240

Religion and American Politics

• Subjects: Political Culture Politics & Government

Business Ethics Strengths and Weaknesses

The us and japanese constitutions.

• Words: 3763

The effect of the French Revolution on Lazare Carnot

• Words: 4007

Space Tourism from TUI Travel PLC Group

• Words: 4183

Incident Command System on Katrina Disaster

• Words: 4073

The Economic Impact of the Icelandic Volcano Eruptions on the International Economy

• Subjects: Big Economic Issues Economics
• Words: 4064

Marketing Plan of Ford Motor

• Words: 3915

Total Quality Management: A Path to Sustainable Growth and Improvement

• Words: 5043

New Public Management Can Be Considered to Be Both a Panacea and a Plague to Public Administration

• Subjects: Diplomacy Politics & Government
• Words: 4020

Max Weber: Economic History, Theory of Bureaucracy, and Politics as a Vocation

• Subjects: Sociological Theories Sociology
• Words: 4062

A Marketing Plan for Etihad Airways

• Words: 4085

Portugal Country Profile

• Subjects: Countries Studies Sciences
• Words: 4200

Wesfarmers Case Study

• Words: 2437

History of the Great Chicago Fire

• Subjects: Environment Environmental Studies
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HR Management: Role, Competencies, and Functions

Pilots and minimum flight hours.

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SMEs Case Study: The Red Eagle Corporation

• Words: 4670

Environmental Impacts of Nuclear Material

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Understanding the Linkage between Aggression & Personality Disorders: A Critical Analysis

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Psychiatry

Highlighting the Intricacies of Cloud Computing

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Business plan: convenience store, ethnicity and sport in sport park.

• Subjects: Culture Ethnicity Studies
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James Hardie Industries Limited

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The Costa Concordia Sinking Investigation

Social security administration.

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Apple Inc Strategic Competitive Management

• Subjects: Business Organizational Planning
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Change of Muslim Brotherhood From Socio-Religion to a Political Party

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Information System of Mashreq Bank

• Subjects: Banking Analysis Economics

Jumeirah Group Organizational Environment

• Subjects: Business Recognizable Brand
• Words: 4125

A Marketing Audit for Du Product & Service

• Words: 3928

The Concepts of Inerrancy and Infallibility in the Bible

• Subjects: Religion Theology

Bid for London fighting to be the hosting city for EURO 2012

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• Subjects: Psychological Issues Psychology
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Global Entrepreneurship Monitor in Canada and Australia

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How Does Water Hyacinth Harm the Local Ecosystem?

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Saudi Arabia Public Transport Company

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The women empowerment campaign in India

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• Words: 3500

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IBM – Management Review

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National Bank of Kuwait: Employee Appraisal Problem

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Brisbane Savings and Investment Bank

Organizational culture.

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