or mixed-method designs) that discussed the influence or
effectiveness of reflection teaching methods
From December 2023 to March 2024, three databases were searched: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC). Eight duplicated articles were removed (see Table 2 ). One article was retracted by the journal due to systematic manipulation of the publication process and was subsequently removed from the screening process. Five articles were not accessible, leaving 1929 articles for title and abstract screening. 93 articles were further assessed for eligibility with the full-text reading.
Database | Search terms | No. of articles found |
---|---|---|
PubMed | | 1255 |
| 337 | |
| 1143 | |
CINAHL Plus | (reflection or reflective or reflective practice) AND (medical students or nursing students or healthcare professional students) AND (university or college or higher education) | 1126 |
(reflection or reflective or reflective practice) AND (medical students or nursing students or healthcare professional students) AND (university or college or higher education) Limiters - Publication Year: 2014–2024; English Language Expanders - Apply equivalent subjects Search modes - Boolean/Phrase | 588 | |
ERIC | (reflection or reflective or reflective practice) AND (medical students or nursing students or healthcare professional students) AND (university or college or higher education) Limiters - Published Date: 20140101-20241231 Expanders - Apply equivalent subjects Narrow by Language: - english Search modes - Boolean/Phrase | 212 |
(reflection or reflective or reflective practice) AND (medical students or nursing students or healthcare professional students) AND (university or college or higher education) | 393 |
The Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and 76 articles were excluded:
Six articles also were manually searched from the reference lists; five articles were excluded and one was included for the final analysis 2 . Together, the final numbers of the included articles were eighteen (see Figure 1 ) 21 .
Data from the included articles were extracted into Microsoft Excel. The extraction process was iterative and the focus of the extracted data was revised to ensure that they were relevant to the aims of the review. The final data extraction file included:
Title, Author’s name, Year, Country, Type of study, Aims, Teaching methods employed, Data collected/generated, Data analysis techniques, Underlying theory/pedagogy, Participants, How the teaching methods influence reflection, Themes and Limitations of the study.
Narratives were used to describe the findings. The author read and reread the included articles to see the patterns, similarities and differences within them. The focus related to the aims of the review. Given that there were diverse types of study from several countries within different groups of students, the underlying theory and pedagogical approach was examined to conceptually capture the findings in a more meaningful way. The included articles were not critically appraised since this review did not intend to determine the quality of each article and intended to explore a broad range of existing practices.
The included 18 articles were published from 2014 to 2024. There was a well-distributed geographical distribution of the included studies. The majority of the included articles (5) were conducted in the United States 5 , 22 – 25 , followed by the UK (3) 26 – 28 . Two articles were conducted in Australia 10 , 29 . One article each originated from The Netherlands 30 , New Zealand 15 , Norway 31 , Singapore 32 , Spain 33 , South Korea 34 , Taiwan 35 and Thailand 2 .
Eight articles had qualitative study designs. Six articles had quantitative designs and four had the mixed-method designs. The HCPs students in these articles were also diverse. Almost all of the articles predominantly focused on students from one field which were medical students (8), nursing students (8) and healthcare assistants (1). Only one study focused on the first-year students from various fields 35 , indicating a universal interest of reflection from the educator’s standpoint from various disciplines.
The most frequently used underlying theory employed in these articles was Constructivism (4) followed by social constructionism (2), Sociocultural learning theory (1), Social cognitive theory (1) and Sociocritical paradigm (1). Kolb’s experiential learning theory were mentioned in two articles. Seven articles did not explicitly mention their underlying learning theory utilised; two were implied to utilise positivism research paradigm and five were implied to base on constructivism (see Extended data 1).
This section respectively discusses the findings and relates them back to the aims of this review.
Based on the included articles, the teaching of reflection could be categorised as a spectrum, ranging from:
The structured format of reflection approach usually involves any teaching with reflective templates or reflective models that students could use to enhance and demonstrate their reflection. The reflective models used were Gibb’s reflective model 2 and Bain’s reflective framework 10 . Often, structured tools such as a reflective journaling 34 , or post-activities debrief were offered to students to facilitate on how they could express their reflection. In such instances, reflection was often not the main focus of the activities but students could demonstrate their increased capacity to reflect as well. This mainly occurred in high fidelity simulations with debriefing 5 , 10 , 32 which suggested multiple benefits of the learning activities.
This approach, whilst perceived as useful, was paradoxically seen by students as rigid. Students from several articles expressed a dislike of this approach since it was perceived as inauthentic and repetitious 15 , 22 , 30 . Pedagogically, students could even become a reflective zombie 36 ; that is, they might emulate the reflective process but did not actually reflect thus making it more challenging to ascertain the authenticity of their reflection 1 .
Alternatively, the semi-structured format of reflection provides more flexibility to students to express their thoughts but still offers scaffolding of their reflection. This approach includes Balint student support group 28 , Schwartz round 27 , video recording of students’ performance 31 and AI generative arts 25 , problem-based learning group discussions 22 , virtual classrooms 23 and concept mapping 30 and in-verse reflection workshops 29 .
The teaching methods under this approach tend to include group learning experience, utilise social constructionism and offer several methods for students to express their reflections e.g., either verbally or in writing. The process almost always includes an extensive preparation for the students before during and after the sessions and is mainly dependent on facilitator’s skill to lead the sessions. For instance, Reed et al. (2023) piloted a novel approach to integrate the use of generative AI to facilitate nursing students’ reflection. The learning process included students, who are also the coauthors of the article, creating AI prompts to create photos that were related to nursing. They were subsequently encouraged to write and reflect on the photos and subsequently joined a small group discussion.
As the description attest, the process is rather laborious and comprised of several preparations, making this approach relatively time and resource extensive. This limitation is similar to what Gleeson et al. (2020) acknowledged. That is, they agreed with the usefulness of the medical Schwartz round to enhance students’ capacity to reflect yet found it financially and logistically challenging to facilitate the sessions thus may not be applicable to scale within their institution or beyond.
Finally, the flexible and creative format of reflection almost always relates to art-based pedagogy. This approach leverages the use of art forms to empower students to creatively express their reflections without any constraints. The studies included an offer to use various creative outlets namely poetry, visual arts, narrative prose, photography, sculpture, music, needlework 15 . Or, one alternative approach over the formal reflection form of writing was offered such as poetry 26 or narrative writing 24 , 33 , 35 . Still, despite the creativity freedom within this approach that empower student’ agency, some expressed concern over their learning process since they found it harder to express themselves or could not fully relate its relevance to a more ‘formal’ reflective assessment which tends to be dominated by a written format 15 , 26 . This was compounded from the educators’ standpoint; that is, it is impossible – and even inappropriate – to assess the quality of students’ reflection with this approach due to their subjectivity. As such, the flexible and creative format may be suitable for learning activities that do not involve any assessment.
All of the included articles reported that students had either an improved understanding of reflection or improved reflective capacity. This claim was usually asserted by validated instruments to demonstrate students’ improved capacity to reflect before and after the class such as the Groningen Reflection Ability Scale (GRAS) 22 , 23 , 32 , or the Reflective Thinking Level 34 . Zhang et al. (2020) conducted a study to assess 63 third year nursing students GRAS post-class and one week after the class after their high-fidelity simulations with the use of video-assisted debrief. Results showed that participants had significantly improved their debriefing reflective abilities (p<0.01) after the video-assisted debrief intervention from the median of 84 to 87 pre- and post-class; this trend is also similar to other included studies, indicating the usefulness of the teaching methods employed.
For qualitative or mix-method studies, students’ textual outputs or interview transcripts were often used to support the claim that they have a better understanding of reflection. McBain et al. (2015) offered 14 fourth year medical students to freely choose their medium to reflect which could be either a traditional reflective essay or more creative options such as poetry, visual arts, or sculpture; their textual commentaries that accompany their works were used for the analysis. Participants universally expressed that creative outputs were more effective for them to express emotion or ideas that are difficult to articulate. This is particularly important since these students were doing a clinical rotation in a palliative care department which may be rather emotionally demanding, indicating that it might be useful to have certain tools to ease the cognitive load of participants when they were reflecting 24 , 31 , 33 . Students also stated that the arts created were helpful since they could reflect in a different way that was not as repetitious or perceived as just another reflective essays 15 . Still, most of the studies tend to capture participants’ self-perceived of enhanced reflection. Or it could come from educators’ perception that these students had a better capacity to reflect which might be challenging to verify.
Findings from this review indicate that there are several approaches to enhance student’ capacity to reflect. This could be achieved either via a more structured approach which could be perceived as repetitious and inauthentic 15 , 30 . Or, students could be offered a semi-structured approach or even more creative and flexible form of reflection to empower their autonomy 24 , 26 .
Despite the various approaches to teach reflection, both the educators and students suggested that there is a need to balance between being directive and being flexible 28 , 30 . That is, for students who are relatively new to the concept e.g., those who are in the first year of their programme or have limited exposure to clinical experience, it might be more appropriate to have a structured guidance to scaffold their learning process 29 , 32 . Conversely, those who are in their later years or are more experienced reflective practitioners may find the structured reflective format repetitive or even restrictive to their reflection. Consequently, a more flexible and creative expression might be an alternative option for students to demonstrate their reflection.
To the author’s knowledge, this is the first review that has explored the way in which the concept of reflection is taught in higher education for HCPs students. The review demonstrates a comprehensive view of the teaching methods available that educators could consider and apply the most appropriate ones to their contexts. The review process was also thoroughly described hence making it transparent and replicable.
Still, this review poses few limitations:
First, despite the attempt to outline the screening process, this review was conducted by one person. As such, there might be certain articles that the author has overlooked. Second, the review only included articles that were published in English. This further perpetuating the dominant Western-centric scholarship, restricting the latest call for citational justice and may not be fully transferable to wider contexts 37 . Still, this review was conducted with a limited time and resource hence the author could not include more diverse scholarly outputs that were not in English.
Third, although this review did not intend to appraise the quality of the included articles, some articles indicated either poor study designs or superficial level of analysis that lack criticality. Also, almost all of the included studies except two were conducted with a relatively small sample size from a single institute thus makes it even more challenging to transfer the findings to other contexts.
This narrative review has identified several teaching methods that help facilitating HCPs students’ capacity to reflect. Even though findings are unable to recommend the most efficient way to teach reflection, it might be more appropriate to consider students’ learning needs and adjustments the teaching method accordingly. This could be achieved via a more relational approach to teaching that might begin with a structured format of reflection which gradually increases students’ autonomy to express their reflection throughout. Given that there is no one-size-fits-all to teaching due to different leaning contexts, the focus should be how educators could scaffold the students’ learning process to empower them to become a lifelong reflective practitioner.
[version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work.
Tanisha jowsey.
1 Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
Hi there, thanks for undertaking this work, which I read with interest.
Here are recommendations to make this solid paper even better:
The title and introduction suggest your review is of the entire higher education field; we need clarity on the scope of your study throughout. I suggest you reword the title from higher education to 'undergraduate health professions students' and hone the focus of your introduction to match that focus.
methods suggest replacing this sentence: "Articles that were published during 2014–2024 within three databases, PubMed, CINAHL and ERIC were searched. 1929 articles were eligible for screening. 93 articles were further assessed for eligibility." I suggest this instead: "I searched three databases (PubMed, CINAHL and ERIC) for articles published between 2014–2024 using the following search terms and their derivatives: XXXX 1929 articles were eligible for title and abstract screening. 93 articles were further assessed (full text screening) for eligibility."
Methods is fine. I found it unusual and insightful that you've applied a narrative focus to the included studies but I didnt see a evidence of this unique method in the way the results are presented. Did I miss something?
Results - Ah yes, the reflective zombie - a constant frustration for teachers (!) I found Reed's approach to this - the Gen AI image reflection - a great example of one possible avenue to engage students and get them out of zombie mode.
The paragraph about "creative format of reflection almost always relates to art-based pedagogy" - I was surprised that creative outputs as evidence of reflection were deemed impossible to assess. There are whole schools of practice that do exactly that. For example, critical arts therapy. I myself published a book called Medicine Reflections (2017 1 ) where we showcased how creative elements in the reflective portfolios of our undergrad medical students were assessed. I would suggest that it can be done. The question of whether this is appropriate or not is another matter. Perhaps you could rework those last two sentences of the paragraph to split out whether you can assess from whether you should assess?
The remaining sections read well. Thanks.
Is the review written in accessible language?
Are all factual statements correct and adequately supported by citations?
Are the conclusions drawn appropriate in the context of the current research literature?
Is the topic of the review discussed comprehensively in the context of the current literature?
Reviewer Expertise:
I have used critical reflection in assessment in medicine for the past 12 years and currently supervise a doctoral student who is researching the role of critical reflection in paediatric surgery training. We have a published literature review in this space called 'Reflecting on insight and insights into reflection: a systematic review of insight and reflection in post graduate medical education.' I have also published a book called Medicine Reflections.
I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard.
1 Walailak University, Thai Buri, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
Well-written article. Your insights into this interesting topic are enlightening and comprehensively supported by citations. The use of easily understandable language makes the content accessible, and the conclusions drawn are appropriate in the context of the current research literature. The comprehensiveness and clarity of your article make it a valuable resource.
Some suggestions:
1. The title may be edited to reflect the specific issue on healthcare professional students/learners.
2. The methodology is well-written, constructed, and valid.
3. In the discussion section, the author may provide a subsection about further considerations or gaps in studies that need to be explored.
Samantha Putterman, PolitiFact Samantha Putterman, PolitiFact
Leave your feedback
This fact check originally appeared on PolitiFact .
Project 2025 has a starring role in this week’s Democratic National Convention.
And it was front and center on Night 1.
WATCH: Hauling large copy of Project 2025, Michigan state Sen. McMorrow speaks at 2024 DNC
“This is Project 2025,” Michigan state Sen. Mallory McMorrow, D-Royal Oak, said as she laid a hardbound copy of the 900-page document on the lectern. “Over the next four nights, you are going to hear a lot about what is in this 900-page document. Why? Because this is the Republican blueprint for a second Trump term.”
Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic presidential nominee, has warned Americans about “Trump’s Project 2025” agenda — even though former President Donald Trump doesn’t claim the conservative presidential transition document.
“Donald Trump wants to take our country backward,” Harris said July 23 in Milwaukee. “He and his extreme Project 2025 agenda will weaken the middle class. Like, we know we got to take this seriously, and can you believe they put that thing in writing?”
Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, Harris’ running mate, has joined in on the talking point.
“Don’t believe (Trump) when he’s playing dumb about this Project 2025. He knows exactly what it’ll do,” Walz said Aug. 9 in Glendale, Arizona.
Trump’s campaign has worked to build distance from the project, which the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, led with contributions from dozens of conservative groups.
Much of the plan calls for extensive executive-branch overhauls and draws on both long-standing conservative principles, such as tax cuts, and more recent culture war issues. It lays out recommendations for disbanding the Commerce and Education departments, eliminating certain climate protections and consolidating more power to the president.
Project 2025 offers a sweeping vision for a Republican-led executive branch, and some of its policies mirror Trump’s 2024 agenda, But Harris and her presidential campaign have at times gone too far in describing what the project calls for and how closely the plans overlap with Trump’s campaign.
PolitiFact researched Harris’ warnings about how the plan would affect reproductive rights, federal entitlement programs and education, just as we did for President Joe Biden’s Project 2025 rhetoric. Here’s what the project does and doesn’t call for, and how it squares with Trump’s positions.
To distance himself from Project 2025 amid the Democratic attacks, Trump wrote on Truth Social that he “knows nothing” about it and has “no idea” who is in charge of it. (CNN identified at least 140 former advisers from the Trump administration who have been involved.)
The Heritage Foundation sought contributions from more than 100 conservative organizations for its policy vision for the next Republican presidency, which was published in 2023.
Project 2025 is now winding down some of its policy operations, and director Paul Dans, a former Trump administration official, is stepping down, The Washington Post reported July 30. Trump campaign managers Susie Wiles and Chris LaCivita denounced the document.
WATCH: A look at the Project 2025 plan to reshape government and Trump’s links to its authors
However, Project 2025 contributors include a number of high-ranking officials from Trump’s first administration, including former White House adviser Peter Navarro and former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson.
A recently released recording of Russell Vought, a Project 2025 author and the former director of Trump’s Office of Management and Budget, showed Vought saying Trump’s “very supportive of what we do.” He said Trump was only distancing himself because Democrats were making a bogeyman out of the document.
The Harris campaign shared a graphic on X that claimed “Trump’s Project 2025 plan for workers” would “go after birth control and ban abortion nationwide.”
The plan doesn’t call to ban abortion nationwide, though its recommendations could curtail some contraceptives and limit abortion access.
What’s known about Trump’s abortion agenda neither lines up with Harris’ description nor Project 2025’s wish list.
Project 2025 says the Department of Health and Human Services Department should “return to being known as the Department of Life by explicitly rejecting the notion that abortion is health care.”
It recommends that the Food and Drug Administration reverse its 2000 approval of mifepristone, the first pill taken in a two-drug regimen for a medication abortion. Medication is the most common form of abortion in the U.S. — accounting for around 63 percent in 2023.
If mifepristone were to remain approved, Project 2025 recommends new rules, such as cutting its use from 10 weeks into pregnancy to seven. It would have to be provided to patients in person — part of the group’s efforts to limit access to the drug by mail. In June, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected a legal challenge to mifepristone’s FDA approval over procedural grounds.
WATCH: Trump’s plans for health care and reproductive rights if he returns to White House The manual also calls for the Justice Department to enforce the 1873 Comstock Act on mifepristone, which bans the mailing of “obscene” materials. Abortion access supporters fear that a strict interpretation of the law could go further to ban mailing the materials used in procedural abortions, such as surgical instruments and equipment.
The plan proposes withholding federal money from states that don’t report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention how many abortions take place within their borders. The plan also would prohibit abortion providers, such as Planned Parenthood, from receiving Medicaid funds. It also calls for the Department of Health and Human Services to ensure that the training of medical professionals, including doctors and nurses, omits abortion training.
The document says some forms of emergency contraception — particularly Ella, a pill that can be taken within five days of unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy — should be excluded from no-cost coverage. The Affordable Care Act requires most private health insurers to cover recommended preventive services, which involves a range of birth control methods, including emergency contraception.
Trump has recently said states should decide abortion regulations and that he wouldn’t block access to contraceptives. Trump said during his June 27 debate with Biden that he wouldn’t ban mifepristone after the Supreme Court “approved” it. But the court rejected the lawsuit based on standing, not the case’s merits. He has not weighed in on the Comstock Act or said whether he supports it being used to block abortion medication, or other kinds of abortions.
“When you read (Project 2025),” Harris told a crowd July 23 in Wisconsin, “you will see, Donald Trump intends to cut Social Security and Medicare.”
The Project 2025 document does not call for Social Security cuts. None of its 10 references to Social Security addresses plans for cutting the program.
Harris also misleads about Trump’s Social Security views.
In his earlier campaigns and before he was a politician, Trump said about a half-dozen times that he’s open to major overhauls of Social Security, including cuts and privatization. More recently, in a March 2024 CNBC interview, Trump said of entitlement programs such as Social Security, “There’s a lot you can do in terms of entitlements, in terms of cutting.” However, he quickly walked that statement back, and his CNBC comment stands at odds with essentially everything else Trump has said during the 2024 presidential campaign.
Trump’s campaign website says that not “a single penny” should be cut from Social Security. We rated Harris’ claim that Trump intends to cut Social Security Mostly False.
Project 2025 does propose changes to Medicare, including making Medicare Advantage, the private insurance offering in Medicare, the “default” enrollment option. Unlike Original Medicare, Medicare Advantage plans have provider networks and can also require prior authorization, meaning that the plan can approve or deny certain services. Original Medicare plans don’t have prior authorization requirements.
The manual also calls for repealing health policies enacted under Biden, such as the Inflation Reduction Act. The law enabled Medicare to negotiate with drugmakers for the first time in history, and recently resulted in an agreement with drug companies to lower the prices of 10 expensive prescriptions for Medicare enrollees.
Trump, however, has said repeatedly during the 2024 presidential campaign that he will not cut Medicare.
The Harris campaign said Project 2025 would “eliminate the U.S. Department of Education” — and that’s accurate. Project 2025 says federal education policy “should be limited and, ultimately, the federal Department of Education should be eliminated.” The plan scales back the federal government’s role in education policy and devolves the functions that remain to other agencies.
Aside from eliminating the department, the project also proposes scrapping the Biden administration’s Title IX revision, which prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. It also would let states opt out of federal education programs and calls for passing a federal parents’ bill of rights similar to ones passed in some Republican-led state legislatures.
Republicans, including Trump, have pledged to close the department, which gained its status in 1979 within Democratic President Jimmy Carter’s presidential Cabinet.
In one of his Agenda 47 policy videos, Trump promised to close the department and “to send all education work and needs back to the states.” Eliminating the department would have to go through Congress.
In the graphic, the Harris campaign says Project 2025 allows “employers to stop paying workers for overtime work.”
The plan doesn’t call for banning overtime wages. It recommends changes to some Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, regulations and to overtime rules. Some changes, if enacted, could result in some people losing overtime protections, experts told us.
The document proposes that the Labor Department maintain an overtime threshold “that does not punish businesses in lower-cost regions (e.g., the southeast United States).” This threshold is the amount of money executive, administrative or professional employees need to make for an employer to exempt them from overtime pay under the Fair Labor Standards Act.
In 2019, the Trump’s administration finalized a rule that expanded overtime pay eligibility to most salaried workers earning less than about $35,568, which it said made about 1.3 million more workers eligible for overtime pay. The Trump-era threshold is high enough to cover most line workers in lower-cost regions, Project 2025 said.
The Biden administration raised that threshold to $43,888 beginning July 1, and that will rise to $58,656 on Jan. 1, 2025. That would grant overtime eligibility to about 4 million workers, the Labor Department said.
It’s unclear how many workers Project 2025’s proposal to return to the Trump-era overtime threshold in some parts of the country would affect, but experts said some would presumably lose the right to overtime wages.
Other overtime proposals in Project 2025’s plan include allowing some workers to choose to accumulate paid time off instead of overtime pay, or to work more hours in one week and fewer in the next, rather than receive overtime.
Trump’s past with overtime pay is complicated. In 2016, the Obama administration said it would raise the overtime to salaried workers earning less than $47,476 a year, about double the exemption level set in 2004 of $23,660 a year.
But when a judge blocked the Obama rule, the Trump administration didn’t challenge the court ruling. Instead it set its own overtime threshold, which raised the amount, but by less than Obama.
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IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Narrative Essay. As opposed to the reflective essay, a narrative essay focuses on a specific event or a short sequence of events. Generally, this event would precipitate a change in belief or attitude in the writer. However, the emphasis is on the story itself. Purdue OWL recommends including all elements of a story, such as introduction ...
Reflective essays can also be pieces of personal writing, such as blog posts or journal entries. Reflective essay vs. narrative essay. There are a few similarities between reflective essays and narrative essays. Both are personal pieces of writing in which the author explores their thoughts about their experiences.
Reflective writing is a personal exploration of experiences, analyzing thoughts, feelings, and learnings to gain insights. It involves critical thinking, deep analysis, and focuses on personal growth through structured reflection on past events. In this guide, you'll learn everything you need to know about reflective writing — with lots of ...
A reflective narrative essay consists of a beginning, middle, and ending. The beginning, or introduction, provides background and introduces the topic. The middle paragraphs provide details and events leading up to the change. Finally, the ending, or conclusion, sums up the writer's reflection about the change.
However, like any other type of writing, it comes with guidelines. 1. Write Your Personal Narrative as a Story. As a story, it must include an introduction, characters, plot, setting, climax, anti-climax (if any), and conclusion. Another way to approach it is by structuring it with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
By Kori Morgan, Contributor. Personal essays reflect on your experiences, while narrative essays make those experiences come alive. Getty. Personal essays and narrative essays are two genres that give you a chance to showcase your life experiences and beliefs with readers. In spite of this similarity, though, they have many differences.
Then I looked up a definition of a narrative or reflection essay. The definition I liked was simple: an essay that shares a significant personal discovery. The discovery could be about anything—something you found out about yourself, about other people, even the world. In reflection writing you tell a story. Everybody loves a good story.
Identify the topic you will be writing on. 2. Note down any ideas that are related to the topic and if you want to, try drawing a diagram to link together any topics, theories, and ideas. 3. Allow your ideas to flow freely, knowing that you will always have time to edit your reflective essay. 4.
Reflect and Brainstorm. Reflection and brainstorming are the cornerstones of a reflective essay, allowing you to delve deep into your thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Take the time to introspect on your chosen topic, exploring the nuances of your feelings, reactions, and lessons learned. Embrace moments of vulnerability and introspection ...
When applying for college, you might be asked to write a narrative essay that expresses something about your personal qualities. For example, this application prompt from Common App requires you to respond with a narrative essay. College application prompt. Recount a time when you faced a challenge, setback, or failure.
Narrative Essay vs. Personal Essay. While there can be an overlap between narrative and personal essays, they have distinctive characteristics: ... focusing more on personal reflection, ideas, or themes. Intent: While both involve personal experiences, narrative essays emphasize telling a story with a message or lesson learned, while personal ...
Simply put, a narrative essay is one that uses a story to teach a specific point or to offer an opinion on a certain matter. A narrative paper can use a story simply to entertain. A reflective essay has a specific purpose, such as demonstrating how you've overcome some obstacle in your life or how you made sense of a particular event or ...
Reflective essays are essays in which the writer looks back on, or reflects upon, his or her experiences and how they caused personal change. Reflective essays involve self-reflection. Reflective ...
3. Create a Thesis Statement. The thesis statement is the most important sentence and tells the reader what your essay will be about. In a personal narrative essay, the thesis statement can briefly explore the story's events. Or it can tell the reader about the moral or lesson learned through personal experience.
A reflective narrative is a writing piece that describes an experience. The style can be more fun to write than an essay that requires a large amount of research because the description is based on a reflection of an event in your life. Reflective narratives might be assigned in a class, but they can also be written by individuals in a journal ...
What is a Personal Narrative? A personal narrative is a way to tell your own story. It's a style of writing that puts your experiences front and center, inviting readers into your world. Teachers often assign personal narratives to encourage free, expressive writing. The personal narrative definition is wider than academic settings, though. .
In fact, the bottom two levels are NOT narratives. While the bottom two levels use narrative or narration, their main genre is not narrative. Here are the five levels: 8 Level 1: Narrative Story. 8 Level 2: Narrative Essay: Personal Narrative Essay. 8 Level 3: Narrative Non-Fiction.
A memoir or personal narrative is a type of essay that tells a story from the writer's own life, often focusing on a specific event, lesson, or insight. This webpage provides an overview of the purpose, structure, and features of this genre, as well as some tips and examples for writing your own memoir or personal narrative.
A typical academic essay is always informed by sound research, is written in the third person and has a clear structure formed around a thesis statement. However, in a reflective essay you are encouraged to: Also use first person: for example: I, me, he, orshe. Only use second person who you are quoting someone who has used the word "you ...
In short, a narrative is any story told in first-person through the recounting of a sequence of events. In fiction writing, the story may be told through either the writer's voice, a fictional character's view, or through the voices of a group of characters that vary by chapter or section. The term is used in a more abstract way outside of writing.
Topics make up the main difference between a reflective and analytical essay. In a reflective essay, you look at a personal story and tell your reader how that event, person or idea impacts your life. In an analytical essay, you look at a topic, such as a social issue or literary work, and evaluate the variety of angles that make up the subject ...
When writing a personal essay, narrative, or experience piece, the genre demands as much fact as possible, and that requires integrity. After that, working the story demands a lot of skill and ...
The key difference is that a narrative essay is designed to tell a complete story, while a descriptive essay is meant to convey an intense description of a particular place, object, or concept. Narrative and descriptive essays both allow you to write more personally and creatively than other kinds of essays, and similar writing skills can apply ...
A narrative is a story, whereas a personal essay is a formal essay, written on a topic of your choice, that tends to be a bit more personalized than a typcial report or essay.
Phenwan T: Extended data for Teaching of reflection in higher education: a narrative review.University of Dundee, Extended_data_ 1(.docx), Article_List(.docx),2024. 10.15132/10000254 Data Availability Statement ... were helpful since they could reflect in a different way that was not as repetitious or perceived as just another reflective essays ...
Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic presidential nominee, has warned Americans about "Trump's Project 2025" agenda — even though former President Donald Trump doesn't claim the ...