msc research topics in medical physics

10-step guide

Radiation Therapy

Treatment planning, biological modelling , image guided radiotherapy.

Multi-centre/international comparisons

Clinical trials outcomes

At UWA, Medical Physics research is strongly aligned with improving treatment and diagnostic precision using localized and minimally invasive techniques that are aimed to improve patient outco mes.

Studying Medical Physics at UWA provides an exceptional opportunity to learn in a department with strong commitment to research. The research component of this programme allows students to develop valuable skills for practising and interpreting research.

Research opportunities are available for students. To submit an expression of interest for a research opportunity, fill out our form

Radiation Therapy (RT)

Biological modelling of tumour and normal tissue dose responses

Modelling the interaction of radiotherapy and immunotherapy

Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

3D printing application in radiation therapy

Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy (IORT)

Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT)

Modelling, Simulation, and Prototyping

Development of monitoring devices

Assessment of impact of inaccuracy

Treatment planning optimization

Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)

Tracking patient/organ motion

Treatment delivery accuracy

QA on treatment equipment

Small-animal radiotherapy

Robotics applications

Pre-clinical studies

Immunotherapy

3-D dosimetry

Drug studies

Nuclear Medicine (NM)

Implementation of a SPECT quality phantom QA regime in a nuclear medicine department

Creation of semi-automated image analysis tools for PET processing

Image analysis, dosimetry and theranostics radiopharmaceuticals

Radiation Biology (RB)

Bio-guided radiotherapy planning

Simulation of cancer tissue

Simulation of treatment effect

Optimisation of treatment

Patient-specific simulation

Radiation Protection (RP) and Medical Health Physics (MHP)

Identification and Quantification of Radioisotopes with a HPGe Gamma Spectrometer

Diagnostic Imaging (DI)

Realistic breast models for optimising electromagnetic gradiometric measurements

Molecular imaging

Bio-imaging with magnetic gradiometry

Other themes

Biostatistics

3D data processing

Machine learning methods

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Medical Radiation Physics (M.Sc.)

Program description.

The Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Medical Radiation Physics (Thesis) offered by the Medical Physics Unit in the Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences is a research-intensive program that emphasizes technologically-driven and stimulating learning opportunities. The program's objective is to equip students with skills in literature review, critical thinking, and the presentation of complex ideas to either continue their studies or pursue professional opportunities.

Keywords: medical physics, radiation medicine, physics in medicine, medical imaging, computational methods, radiation biology, health informatics, biophysical modelling, medical devices.

Unique Program Features

• Students acquire foundational knowledge about medical physics in addition to gaining practical knowledge through mandatory laboratory work in radiation oncology, radiology, and nuclear medicine. Through their thesis work on a medical physics topic, students also gain research experience;
• Students are part of the Medical Physics Research Training Network (MPRTN) supported by the Collaborative Research Education Training Experience (CREATE) of the Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council (NSERC);
• The program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Education Programs, Inc., and sponsored by several organizations including the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), the American College of Radiology (ACR), the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), the Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists (COMP), and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA);
• Equipped with basic theoretical and practical knowledge of medical physics, graduates either enter the job market in clinical physics at an M.Sc. level or continue their studies toward a Ph.D. degree in medical physics.

University-Level Admission Requirements

• An eligible Bachelor's degree with a minimum 3.0 GPA out of a possible 4.0 GPA
• English-language proficiency

Each program has specific admission requirements including required application documents. Please visit the program website for more details.

Visit our Educational credentials and grade equivalencies and English language proficiency webpages for additional information.

Program Website

MSc in Medical Radiation Physics website

Department Contact

Graduate Program margery.knewstubb [at] mcgill.ca (subject: MSc%20Medical%20Raditation%20Physics) (email)

Available Intakes

Application deadlines.

Note: Application deadlines are subject to change without notice. Please check the application portal for the most up-to-date information.

Application Resources

• Application Steps webpage
• Submit Your Application webpage
• Connecting with a supervisor webpage
• Graduate Funding webpage

Application Workshops

Consult our full list of our virtual application-focused workshops on the Events webpage.

Department and University Information

Graduate and postdoctoral studies.

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• Study with Us

MSc in Medical Physics with Radiobiology

• Learning Objectives
• Teaching and Modules
• Assessments and Examinations
• Research Project and Dissertation
• How to Apply
• Fees and Funding
• Application information
• Leaving the MSc early to start a new course

KEY DATES FOR 2024/25 ENTRY

Applications to this course for the 2024/25 academic year are now  closed .

If you have any questions that are not answered on our webpages please contact us:

Call on 0 1865 617410

Or Email us here

The MSc in Medical Physics with Radiobiology is a one-year, full-time, course, designed for individuals interested in a career in medical physics, from either a clinical or academic research perspective, or in professions that require a knowledge of medical physics, such as radiation protection.

• Read more about the course in Physics World (links to external website).

The Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) accredits Master's programs in medical physics by means of specific accreditation standard. As this was a brand new course for the 2023/24 academic year, it has been awarded provisional accreditation status (as of September 2023). The course will be subject to further inspection for full accreditation once the first cohort of students have completed. Provided full accreditation is granted, students studying this course in the 2023/24 academic year will be eligible to receive the IPEM accredited degree qualification.

This course is in collaboration with the Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering , Oxford University Hospitals NHS FT.

The MSc leadership team is comprised of an Academic Course Director and a Director of Studies:

• Dr Daniel McGowan FHEA FIPEM , Course Director and  Honorary Senior Clinical Research Fellow in the Department of Oncology; and Head of Research and Education and Consultant Clinical Scientist in the Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering at Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. 
• Dr Tom Whyntie FHEA MIPEM , Director of Studies and Teaching Fellow in the Department of Oncology, advising researcher in MR Linac (imaging physics); and data management consultant (clinical trials, imaging data). 

  This course is offered for the 2024/25 academic year subject to final approval by the University.

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Learn More!

Virtual information session.

Hear what makes our Medical Physics Graduate Programs stand out! Watch our recent Virtual Information Session to hear program highlights and more from our program director, current students, and alumni.

Watch Virtual Information Session video

View more information about our Program Statistics »

Apply Your Physics Background

A career in medical physics offers you the opportunity to use your physics background to provide people with life-changing options every day. Medical physicists play a critical role at the cutting-edge of patient healthcare, overseeing effective radiation treatment, ensuring that instruments are working safely, and researching, developing and implementing new therapeutic techniques.

Preparation for Professional Success

Our CAMPEP accredited programs  are grounded in providing the highest standard of patient care. Our students have numerous opportunities to gain hands-on experience at some of the most advanced medical imaging and therapy facilities in the world through paid clinical work; practicum experience (master's degree); clinical shadowing (certificate program); opportunities for research, publication, and presentation; and much more. It is for this reason that our degree and certificate programs enjoy a high residency placement rate for our students, year after year. Our medical physics faculty, staff, and residents are invested in making our students competitive for medical physics residency programs and help them to develop the competencies and skills needed for professional success. 

Program Objectives

• Provide students with comprehensive exposure to the science and art of the physics of radiation oncology, medical imaging, and radiation safety
• Prepare each student for a future career as a medical physicist in at least one subspecialty
• Provide students with information on pathways for non-clinical career opportunities
• Prepare students for a medical physics residency, PhD program in medical physics, or graduate studies in a related area, if so desired
• Prepare students, academically and clinically, for Part I of the certification examinations of the American Board of Radiology (ABR)

We welcome you to  contact us  to learn more about the possibilities that await you in the Medical Physics Graduate Programs at Penn.

Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

The Medical Physics Graduate Programs are strong proponents of diversity, equity, and inclusion. We support students from diverse backgrounds because we believe that fostering an inclusive, multicultural environment benefits our students, our programs, and the field of medical physics at large.

The Medical Physics Graduate Programs’ diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives are supported by the University of Pennsylvania , Penn Medicine , the Department of Radiation Oncology , the Perelman School of Medicine , the Department of Bioengineering , and the Physics Department .

Selected students will have the opportunity to complete a funded, summer clinical practicum experience in Ghana through the innovative  Global Medical Physics Training and Development Program .  

Two (2) $25,000 scholarships are available per year to support students who enroll full-time in our Master of Science in Medical Physics degree program.

Read all about our programs' news and highlights in the fifth edition of Radiation Communication , our Medical Physics Graduate Programs' newsletter.

Department of Radiation Oncology

Master of Science in Medical Physics (CAMPEP-Accredited)

Download our newest program literature. (PDF)

The CAMPEP-accredited Master of Science (M.S.)  in Medical Physics program at Washington University in St. Louis provides for students to learn fundamental concepts and techniques in the field of medical physics.   Students in the program will be exposed to a wide array of diagnostic medical imaging, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, and radiation safety approaches and techniques.  Opportunities are also provided for students to perform cutting-edge research with renowned investigators. These experiences will equip students with the knowledge, skills and experiences necessary to further their careers in medical physics.

Graduates of the program will:

• have an understanding of the role of patient safety in clinical physics
• have the necessary physical and scientific background for a career in medical physics
• use research and inquiry to acquire knowledge
• gain the ability to critically evaluate research and scholarship
• pose new questions and solve problems in medical physics

The program will also help develop the professional and interpersonal skills necessary for success in a collaborative, multidisciplinary environment. The program has adopted the AAPM’s philosophy of medical physics 3.0 , which is based on developing intelligent tools and applications for the future of precision medicine, and has been developed based on anticipating the future needs of the medical applications of physics.   Through a mixture of didactic training and hands-on experience, students in the program are introduced to a broad array of cutting-edge tools and techniques and their use in the various disciplines of medical physics and patient care. The objectives of the M.S. in Medical Physics program are:

• To equip students with sufficient theoretical and practical background knowledge in medical physics to enable entry into CAMPEP-accredited clinical residency programs or to pursue careers in industry or regulatory environments
• To prepare students for careers in academic medical physics by exposing them to cutting-edge research and state-of-the-art technology

This Master of Science in Medical Physics program is offered through the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Washington University School of Medicine. The program is led by Program Director Michael Altman, PhD , Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, and Assistant Program Director Tiezhi Zhang, PhD , Professor of Radiation Oncology.

The Master of Science in Medical Physics program endeavors to provide a welcoming and supportive environment for individuals of all backgrounds and lifestyles, in accordance with Washington University School of Medicine’s focus on fostering a diverse and inclusive environment.  Washington University School of Medicine’s culture of collaboration and inclusion is the foundation for success in everything it does. The School of Medicine recognizes that by bringing together people from varying backgrounds, experiences and areas of expertise, it can develop richer solutions to complex scientific questions, train culturally sensitive clinicians and provide health care in a way that best serves our diverse patient population. To support these values, the School of Medicine is deeply committed to building a diverse and inclusive community in which everyone is welcomed and valued.   Washington University encourages and gives full consideration to all applicants for admission, financial aid and employment regardless of race, color, ethnicity, age, religion, sex, sexual orientation, ability, gender identity or expression, national origin, veteran status, socio-economic status, and/or genetic information. We implement policies and practices that support the inclusion of all such potential students, trainees and employees and are committed to being an institution that is accessible to everyone who learns, conducts research, works and seeks care on our campus and we provide reasonable accommodations to those seeking that assistance.

Format and Course Catalog

• Financial Information
• Program Faculty
• Additional Resources

Program Statistics

• Frequently Asked Questions

Living in St. Louis

• ACGME Clinical Residency Program
• Check out St. Louis
• Medical Physics Residency Program in Radiation Oncology (CAMPEP-Accredited)
• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Medical Physics
• Program Format & Course Catalog
• Program Statistics – Master of Science
• Post PhD Graduate Certificate in Medical Physics (CAMPEP-Accredited)
• Graduate Education & Training in Cancer Biology and Medical Physics
• Clinical Clerkship Opportunities for Medical Students
• Purdy Summer Research Fellowship Program

Medical Physics MSc - 2023/4

Awarding body.

University of Surrey

Teaching institute

FHEQ Level 7

Final award and programme/pathway title

MSc Medical Physics

Subsidiary award(s)

Professional recognition

Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM). Accredited by the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM).

Modes of study

QAA Subject benchmark statement (if applicable)

Other internal and / or external reference points, faculty and department / school.

Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences - Mathematics & Physics

Programme Leader

PANI Silvia (Maths & Phys)

Date of production/revision of spec

Educational aims of the programme.

• The programme integrates the acquisition of core scientific knowledge with the development of key practical skills with a focus on professional career development within medical physics and related industries.
• The principle educational aims and outcomes of learning are to provide participants with advanced knowledge, practical skills and understanding applied to medical physics, radiation detection instrumentation, radiation and environmental practice in an industrial or medical context.
• This is achieved by the development of the participants' understanding of the underlying science and technology and by the participants gaining an understanding of the legal basis, practical implementation and organisational basis of medical physics and radiation measurement.

Programme learning outcomes

Attributes Developed

C - Cognitive/analytical

K - Subject knowledge

T - Transferable skills

P - Professional/Practical skills

Programme structure

This Master's Degree programme is studied full-time over one academic year, consisting of 180 credits at FHEQ level 7*. All modules are semester based and worth 15 credits with the exception of project, practice based and dissertation modules. Possible exit awards include: - Postgraduate Diploma (120 credits) - Postgraduate Certificate (60 credits) *some programmes may contain up to 30 credits at FHEQ level 6.

This Master's Degree programme is studied part-time over two academic years, consisting of 180 credits at FHEQ level 7. All modules are semester based and worth 15 credits with the exception of project, practice based and dissertation modules. Possible exit awards include: - Postgraduate Diploma (120 credits) - Postgraduate Certificate (60 credits)

Programme Adjustments (if applicable) N/A Modules

Year 1 (full-time) - fheq level 7.

Module Selection for Year 1 (full-time) - FHEQ Level 7

There are no optional modules PGCert Radiation Physics: 60 taught module credits (Modules PHYM032, PHYM015 and PHYM054 compulsory) at FHEQ Level 7 PGDip Medical Physics (Modules PHYM032, PHYM015 and PHYM054 compulsory) 120 taught module credits at FHEQ Level 7 MSc (Medical Physics): 180 credits at FHEQ Level 7 and completed the programme of study

Year 1 (part-time) - FHEQ Level 7

Module Selection for Year 1 (part-time) - FHEQ Level 7

Year 2 (part-time) - fheq level 7, module selection for year 2 (part-time) - fheq level 7, opportunities for placements / work related learning / collaborative activity.

Quality assurance

The Regulations and Codes of Practice for taught programmes can be found at:

https://www.surrey.ac.uk/quality-enhancement-standards

Please note that the information detailed within this record is accurate at the time of publishing and may be subject to change. This record contains information for the most up to date version of the programme / module for the 2023/4 academic year.

Physics and Engineering in Medicine MSc

London, Bloomsbury

The programme is particularly suitable for students with an undergraduate degree in physics or engineering who wish to develop an interdisciplinary approach to problem-solving in health care, and in particular those seeking employment as medical physicists, biomedical engineers, or clinical scientists in hospital, industry or university environments.

UK tuition fees (2024/25)

Overseas tuition fees (2024/25), programme starts, applications accepted.

Applications closed

Applications open

• Entry requirements

A minimum of an upper-second class UK Bachelor’s degree from a UK university or an overseas qualification of an equivalent standard in physics, engineering, computer science, mathematics, or other closely related discipline. Workplace knowledge and expertise are also considered. Applicants with a lower than upper-second class degree may be invited for a short online interview with programme tutors as part of their application process.

The English language level for this programme is: Level 2 Overall score of 7.0 and a minimum of 6.5 in each component.

UCL Pre-Master's and Pre-sessional English courses are for international students who are aiming to study for a postgraduate degree at UCL. The courses will develop your academic English and academic skills required to succeed at postgraduate level.

Further information can be found on our English language requirements page.

If you are intending to apply for a time-limited visa to complete your UCL studies (e.g., Student visa, Skilled worker visa, PBS dependant visa etc.) you may be required to obtain ATAS clearance . This will be confirmed to you if you obtain an offer of a place. Please note that ATAS processing times can take up to six months, so we recommend you consider these timelines when submitting your application to UCL.

Equivalent qualifications

Country-specific information, including details of when UCL representatives are visiting your part of the world, can be obtained from the International Students website .

International applicants can find out the equivalent qualification for their country by selecting from the list below. Please note that the equivalency will correspond to the broad UK degree classification stated on this page (e.g. upper second-class). Where a specific overall percentage is required in the UK qualification, the international equivalency will be higher than that stated below. Please contact Graduate Admissions should you require further advice.

About this degree

Students study in detail the engineering and physics principles that underpin modern medicine, and learn to apply their knowledge to established and emerging technologies for example in cancer treatment, medical imaging and patient monitoring. The programme covers the physics and engineering applications across the diagnosis and measurement of the human body and its physiology; as well as the electronic and computational skills needed to apply this theory in practice. A Postgraduate Diploma (120 credits) is offered. A Postgraduate Certificate (60 credits) is offered.

Who this course is for

The programme is particularly suitable for students with an undergraduate degree in physics or engineering who wish to develop an interdisciplinary approach to problem-solving in health care, and in particular those seeking employment as clinical or biomedical engineers in hospital, industry or university environments.

What this course will give you

The MSc programme is offered by UCL's Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering: a hub for interdisciplinary research and collaborations between computer scientists, physicists, mechanical engineers, biomedical scientists and medical practitioners across UCL and its affiliated teaching hospitals. Students joining this Department benefit from its network of internationally leading research, learning directly from the research staff in this close-knit community. The Research Excellence Framework in 2021 rated the department’s research as 97% 4* ("world-leading") or 3* ("internationally excellent") and UCL was the second-rated university in the UK for research strength.

Students have access to a wide range of workshop, laboratory, teaching and clinical facilities in the department and associated hospitals. A large range of scientific equipment is available for research involving radiotherapy, proton therapy, nuclear magnetic resonance, optics, acoustics, x-ray imaging, electrical implant development, robotic surgery interventions as well as the biomedical engineering facilities at the Royal Free Hospital and Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in Stanmore.

The foundation of your career

This programme pathway is designed for students with an interest in the aspects of applied technology in modern medicine, with specialist pathways in Radiation Physics and Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging. Students gain an understanding of the principles and practices used in hospitals, industries and research laboratories through lectures, applied problem-solving, individual and group research projects.

Employability

Graduates have obtained employment with a wide range of employers in health care, industry and academia sectors. The IPEM Accredited Radiation Physics pathway of the MSc is a recognised part of the NHS Clinical Scientist “Route 2” training (explained further in 'Full-time').

As a global leader in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering research, our academics are at the forefront of healthcare innovations, with national and international collaborations across clinical, industrial and academic sectors. This provides natural opportunities to network with a variety of external partners and showcase output at international conferences, private industry events and clinical centres to audiences of potential employers. Moreover, the department holds close working relationships with a number of charities, research councils and international organisations, for example, in new projects involving radiotherapy and infant optical brain imaging in Africa.

Accreditation

MSc Physics and Engineering in Medicine provides three pathways, depending on your career objectives. This includes an IPEM-accredited pathway; Radiation Physics (IPEM-accredited pathway).

This pathway is for students who wish to become a professional medical physicist or clinical scientist/engineer. Being a medical physicist or clinical engineer in a hospital requires extensive training and vocational experience. In the UK, medical physicists and clinical engineers must be state-registered. This generally involves completing an MSc degree that is accredited by the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM), and undergoing further vocational training working under supervision in a hospital medical physics department (or equivalent) to achieve chartered scientist or chartered engineer status (indicated by the designations C.Sci or C.Eng).

Teaching and learning

The Physics and Engineering in Medicine (PEM) MSc programme provides three pathways, depending on your career objectives:

IPEM-accredited Pathway [(1) Radiation Physics IPEM-accredited]:

If you choose this pathway, your degree will be accredited by IPEM and therefore will meet the minimum educational requirements for UK medical physicist/clinical engineer training programmes.

In terms one and two, you will study medical imaging (using ionising and non-ionising radiation), essential physics of ionising radiation used in imaging and treatment, proton and radiotherapy, computing (including computer programming), and basic anatomy and physiology. You will also be exposed to elements of medical device design and entrepreneurship through a group project that extends into term three.

Early on in the programme, you will choose a research project, supervised by at least two members of research staff, which will become your main focus in term three. Research projects are available covering a wide range of areas, but typically involve developing and implementing a method to solve part of a healthcare problem (e.g. software to analyse a medical image or a device to measure a physiological signal), and perform experiments to test and validate the method. Most MSc research projects are linked with a specific UCL research group, and may be part of a larger research project, such experiments may make use of data collected from human volunteers, including patients. In most projects, you will have the opportunity to learn from and interact with university research staff with expertise in the area of your project.

Group and individual projects are designed to give you an opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills you have developed elsewhere in the programme, and to practise your oral communication skills via reports and presentations. There is also an oral examination in term three, where you will have the chance to further prove your oral communication skills.

Non-accredited Specialist Pathways [(2) Radiation Physics (no IPEM-accredited) and (3) Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging:

This pathway is available for students who prefer more flexibility in the modules they study and do not require an IPEM-accredited degree to meet their career ambitions. Students in this category often wish to pursue a career in industry or academia and sometimes have a strong sense of the area they wish to specialise in.

If you choose this pathway, you will be able to choose an area of specialisation at the start of the programme. The current specialisation areas are Radiation Physics and Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging.

In terms one and two, you will study medical imaging modules, a module covering basic anatomy, physiology, and electrical safety. The additional compulsory and optional modules you will study will depend on which specialisation route you choose. For instance, if you choose the biomedical engineering and medical imaging route, you will be able to select from two optional modules in topics such as orthopaedic engineering and other applications of biomedical engineering.

Early on in the programme, you will choose a research project, supervised by at least two members of research staff, which will become your main focus in term three. Research projects are available covering a wide range of areas, but typically involve developing and implementing a method to solve part of a healthcare problem (e.g. software to analyse a medical image or a device to measure a physiological quantity), and perform experiments to test and validate that method. Such experiments may make use of data collected from human volunteers, including patients since research projects are usually linked with a specific UCL research group, and may be part of a larger research project. In most projects, you will therefore have the opportunity to learn from and interact with university research staff who have expertise in the area of your project.

The research project, in particular, will provide you with an opportunity to apply knowledge and skills developed elsewhere in the programme, and will enable you to develop written and oral communication skills through reports and oral presentations.

The programme is delivered through a combination of lectures, demonstrations, practicals, assignments and a research project. Lecturers are drawn from UCL and from London teaching hospitals including UCLH, St. Bartholomew's, and the Royal Free Hospital. Assessment is through supervised examination, coursework, the dissertation and an oral examination.

Pathways include:

• IPEM Accredited Radiation Physics (TMSRPHSINA10)
• Radiation Physics (TMSRPHSING10)
• Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging (TMSMPHSBMI10)

Compulsory modules for pathways:

• Medical Imaging with Ionising Radiation
• Biomedical Ultrasound
• MRI and Biomedical Optics
• Clinical Practice
• Medical Device Enterprise Scenario
• MSc Research Project
• Ionising Radiation Physics: Interactions and Dosimetry
• Radiotherapy Physics
• Computing in Medicine
• + one optional module
• Medical Electronics and Control
• + two optional modules

This time is made up of formal learning and teaching events such as lectures, seminars and tutorials, as well as independent study.

Each module typically consists of around 30-40 lectures over a ten-week term (excluding reading week). During each week, including problem classes, you should therefore expect about 20 contact hours. This time is made up of formal learning and teaching events such as lectures and problem classes. You will need to spend your own time in addition to the timetabled hours reviewing the material and completing coursework. You should expect to be spending at least 40 hours per week on your studies as a full-time student. A pro-rata rate should be used as a guide for part-time or flexi-time students. Lectures are timetabled between 9am and 6pm apart from Wednesday afternoon when there are no lectures.

Finally, the students are expected to allocate a significant amount of that time to their research project (an average of up to 8 hours per week for the MSc Full Time students). The time allocation to the research project will need to be adjusted between Terms 1 and 2, and the summer term (following the exams) where the expectation is for the students to work exclusively on their research projects.

A Postgraduate Diploma (120 credits) is offered. A Postgraduate Certificate (60 credits) is offered.

As a full-time student, your programme structure comprises of the following: IPEM Accredited Radiation Physics 

• Four compulsory modules in term 1
• Three compulsory modules in term 2
• MPHY0033 Medical Device Enterprise Scenario taken in terms 1 and 2
• MPHY0035 Research Project in terms 1 to 3

Radiation Physics 

• Compulsory module MPHY0033 Medical Device Enterprise Scenario is taken in terms 1 and 2
• Compulsory module MPHY0035 Research Project is taken in terms 1 to 3
• One optional module is taken in either term 1 or term 2

Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging 

• Two compulsory modules in term 1
• Compulsory module MPHY0033 Medical Device Enterprise Scenario taken in terms 1 and 2
• Compulsory module MPHY0035 Research Project in terms 1 to 3
• Two optional modules taken in either term 1 or term 2 

Below are the recommended module selections for students studying part-time over 2 years:

IPEM Accredited Radiation Physics (part-time) Year 1:

• Two compulsory modules in term 2
• One compulsory module in term 2

Radiation Physics (part-time) Year 1:

• One compulsory module in term 1
• One optional module in term 1

Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging (part-time) Year 1

• One optional module in either term 1 or term 2

The course offers flexible scheduling options to accommodate student needs or available study time, with no required minimum number of modules per year. However, all studies must be completed within five years.

Optional modules

Please note that the list of modules given here is indicative. This information is published a long time in advance of enrolment and module content and availability are subject to change. Modules that are in use for the current academic year are linked for further information. Where no link is present, further information is not yet available.

Students complete 180 credits (120 taught course credits and 60 credit research project) for the MSc, or 120 credits (120 taught course credits) for the Postgraduate Diploma. Upon successful completion of 180 credits, you will be awarded an MSc in Physics and Engineering in Medicine. Upon successful completion of 120 credits, you will be awarded a PG Dip in Physics and Engineering in Medicine. Upon successful completion of 60 credits, you will be awarded a PG Cert in Physics and Engineering in Medicine.

Accessibility

Details of the accessibility of UCL buildings can be obtained from AccessAble accessable.co.uk . Further information can also be obtained from the UCL Student Support and Wellbeing team .

Online - Open day

Graduate Open Events: Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering Q&A

Pursuing a degree in Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering can help you change the world. You’ll learn from world-leading practitioners, gain practical experience in addressing healthcare challenges, & participate in student projects with a real-world impact. These projects involve developing innovative technologies or methods for diagnosing, treating, or managing medical conditions & diseases.

Fees and funding

Fees for this course.

Pathways include: Radiation Physics (TMSRPHSING10) Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging (TMSMPHSBMI10) Medical Image Computing (TMSPHYSMIC10)

The tuition fees shown are for the year indicated above. Fees for subsequent years may increase or otherwise vary. Where the programme is offered on a flexible/modular basis, fees are charged pro-rata to the appropriate full-time Master's fee taken in an academic session. Further information on fee status, fee increases and the fee schedule can be viewed on the UCL Students website: ucl.ac.uk/students/fees .

Additional costs

There are no additional costs associated with this programme.

For more information on additional costs for prospective students please go to our estimated cost of essential expenditure at Accommodation and living costs .

Funding your studies

For a comprehensive list of the funding opportunities available at UCL, including funding relevant to your nationality, please visit the Scholarships and Funding website .

Students are advised to apply as early as possible due to competition for places. Those applying for scholarship funding (particularly overseas applicants) should take note of application deadlines.

There is an application processing fee for this programme of £90 for online applications and £115 for paper applications. Further information can be found at Application fees .

When we assess your application we would like to learn:

• why you want to study Physics and Engineering in Medicine at graduate level
• why you want to study Physics and Engineering in Medicine at UCL
• whether you have relevant industrial or workplace experience
• how your academic and professional background meets the demands of this challenging programme
• where you would like to go professionally after your degree

Together with essential academic requirements, the personal statement is your opportunity to illustrate whether your reasons for applying to this programme match what the programme will deliver.

Please note that you may submit applications for a maximum of two graduate programmes (or one application for the Law LLM) in any application cycle.

Choose your programme

Please read the Application Guidance before proceeding with your application.

Year of entry: 2024-2025

Got questions get in touch.

Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering

[email protected]

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Master of Medical Physics

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The University of Western Australia (M355), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia 6009

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Careers and further study

Explore the career opportunities available to you.

Career Pathways

Completing this course will provide you with a solid base to pursue a career in healthcare, and science, within hospitals, clinics, academic institutions and industry. You will develop the knowledge, understanding and practical insight that will enable you to help diagnose and treat disease using techniques such as nuclear medicine, MRI, CT scanners, computer technology and radiation therapy.

Medical physicists can undertake roles in a tertiary public hospital or private medical service provider. Some of the career options available to a Medical Physicist graduate include:

• Medical Physics Registrar  - The Master of Physics (Medical Physics) program provides students with the relevant knowledge and problem solving skills suitable for entry into the ACPSEM Training, Education and Accreditation Program (TEAP) in radiation oncology, diagnostic radiology or nuclear medicine. TEAP position are paid position and competitive. The accepted applicant will be in a registrar role for 3 to 5 years to become a qualified clinical medical physicist specialist.
• Research and Development  - Positions may be available at tertiary education institutions or private scientific companies as researchers. Opportunities may be available for further study (PhD) or postdoctoral research positions. Academic positions may open in university settings for PhD graduates as lecturers.
• Radiation Safety Officers - There may be job opportunities in hospitals, clinics or industry (eg.  mining companies) as a radiation safety officer.
• Government Bodies  - As scientific officers or dosimetry officers (eg.  ARPANSA ), or radiation safety officers (eg. State Radiological Councils ).

Fees and scholarships

Learn more about the fees that apply to you for this course.

Domestic Student Fees

Scholarships.

Scholarships are available to students from a diverse range of backgrounds, including academic achievement, financial need, educational disadvantage, leadership and community service, artistic or sporting achievements, and being from a rural or remote area.

Cost of living

International student fees.

Find out more about tuition fees or visit the fee calculator for the estimated total course fee.

Note, tuition fees are reviewed annually and are subject to increase up to 7.5 per cent per annum.

Admission requirements

If you’re interested in furthering your career by studying this postgraduate course, find out the admission details below

Admission Requirements

Ranking and selection process.

Where relevant, admission will be awarded to the highest ranked applicants or applicants selected based on the relevant requirements.

English competency

English is the language of instruction and assessment at UWA and you will need to meet the English language requirements  of the University to be eligible for a place.

Minimum overall IELTS score of 6.5, with no band less than 6.0.

How to apply

Ready for the next step?

Find out how to apply through our simple online application process. 

We'll guide you through our entry requirements, admission pathways available to you and application deadlines for your chosen course. 

We can’t wait for you to join us!  

Course details

About the course.

Designed to meet the requirements of international students. In this course you’ll develop the knowledge and skills to combine physics principles with engineering methods and techniques in the clinical environment and in research, for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. 

Quick details

• Available 2023
• Perth (Crawley campus)
• Semester 1, Semester 2
• 16-25 hours per week
• 2 years full-time

Why study this course?

•  Allows international students to access overseas financial support from their supporting organisations. Domestic students may wish to enrol in Master of Physics (Medical Physics)
• Provides strong background knowledge in the field and prepares you for your future career
• Students will complete a research project on a medical physics topic that will develop your independent research and analytical abilities and give you understanding of current diagnostic and therapeutic technologies used in medical systems. You will have several optional units to choose from, to suit your individual interests
• With our strong partnerships with Sir Charles Gaidner Hospital and private centres across Perth, you'll be taught by leading clinical medical physicists who are operating at the forefront of the profession, giving you real-world learning on how medical physics problems are handled in the hospital environment

Course structure

Postgraduate coursework degrees and combined (coursework and research) degrees comprise a number of units. Refer to the course structure for more information.

Course structure details

Take all units (54 points):.

• ANHB5451 Anatomy and Biology for Medical Physicists (6)
• PHYS5401 Medical Imaging Physics (6)
• PHYS5402 Radiation Biology and Protection (6)
• PHYS5403 Radiotherapy Physics (6)
• PHYS5404 Radiation Physics and Dosimetry (6)
• PHYS5406 Medical Physics Dissertation Part 1 (6)
• PHYS5407 Medical Physics Dissertation Part 2 (6)
• PHYS5408 Medical Physics Dissertation Part 3 (6)
• PHYS5409 Medical Physics Dissertation Part 4 (6)

Optional units: Take unit(s) to the value between 18 to 42 points:

• CITS4402 Computer Vision (6)
• CITS4403 Computational Modelling (6)
• CITS5508 Machine Learning (6)
• GENG4405 Numerical Methods and Modelling (6)
• GENG5507 Risk, Reliability and Safety (6)
• PHYS5512 Physics Reading Unit (6)
• PHYS5513 Computational Statistics for Physics (6)
• PUBH4401 Biostatistics I (6)
• PUBH5769 Biostatistics II (6)
• SCIE4403 Ethical Conduct and Communication of Science (6)
• SHPC4001 Computational Methods for Physics (6)

Students who have not completed a major in Physics from this University, or an equivalent qualification, as recognised by the School, may be required to complete conversion units up to the value of 24 points from this group.

• CITS1401 Computational Thinking with Python (6)
• CITS2401 Computer Analysis and Visualisation (6)
• CITS2402 Introduction to Data Science (6)
• MATH2501 Advanced Mathematical Methods (6)
• MATH3023 Advanced Mathematics Applications (6)
• PACM1100 Professional and Academic Communications (6)
• PHYS2001 Quantum Physics and Electromagnetism (6)
• PHYS2002 Many Particle Systems (6)
• PHYS2003 Physics for Electrical Engineers (6)
• PHYS3001 Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Physics (6)
• PHYS3002 Electrodynamics and Relativity (6)
• PHYS3003 Astrophysics and Space Science (6)
• PHYS3005 Quantum Computation (6)
• PHYS3011 Mathematical Physics (6)
• PHYS3012 Topics in Contemporary Physics (6)
• PHYS3101 Quantum Fields and Quantum Optics (6)
• STAT1400 Statistics for Science (6)

You'll learn to

• Understand the core subjects in medical physics and the latest technologies in the field
• Understand the fundamental concepts and applications of physics principles in medical diagnosis and treatment
• Become familiar with practical skills in the field of medical physics and learn analytical, communication and problem-solving skills by conducting research

You'll learn to

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Course Accreditation

The Master of Medical Physics program is accredited by the The Australasian College of Physical Scientists & Engineers in Medicine (ACPSEM).

Master of Physics (Medical Physics) - Domestic students

Domestic students may wish to enrol in:   Master of Physics (Medical Physics )

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MSc in Medical Physics

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Medical Physics is the branch of physics that applies the concepts and principles of physics to the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. The MSc. in Medical Physics at UCD is designed for students who wish to pursue a career in Medical Physics, either in a clinical environment or in research. Our MSc. is accredited by the  (opens in a new window) Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Education Programmes (CAMPEP) , an internationally-recognised accreditation body for graduate medical physics programmes.

The programme provides a strong foundation in radiological physics, diagnostic imaging physics, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology physics, radiobiology and radiation protection, as well as the essential anatomy and physiology knowledge required to understand a patient’s anatomical structure and physiological processes.

We aim to produce high quality medical physics graduates who possess the basic and applied scientific knowledge, in addition to the excellent research and communication skills necessary to progress in their career. The programme is strongly supported by teaching hospitals through curriculum delivery and the provision of research project opportunities. Indeed, a significant proportion of the curriculum is delivered by practising clinical medical physicists who bring the latest knowledge and practice in the field. Our inter-disciplinary learning environment relies on staff with a deep level of expertise and emphasises research work through a clinically-relevant project that is a large part of the MSc. programme. We strive to produce highly motivated, independent thinkers who meet the high standards necessary for progression into medical physics residency and/or further education and research, and are endowed with professional values including scientific integrity and ethical behaviour.

We encourage and educate our students to become active, lifelong and autonomous learners with good prospects of employment in healthcare sectors related to medical physics or for further research. The student learning is supported through lectures, practical work, team projects and seminars. A variety of assessment strategies are employed, including classical written examinations, written assignments, presentations, interviews and case studies. By making use of a blended learning approach, group assignments encourage collaborative and interpersonal skill development, requiring team work, discussion and communication of finding via group presentations. These skills are considered essential for developing the required professional and communication skills expected for a medical physicist. At the end of the programme, students undertake a research study where they apply the knowledge gained in the taught modules to a clinically relevant project. 

The programme is offered as a full-time 12 month MSc. (T342) or a part-time 24 month programme (T343). For applicants having a PhD in a Physics discipline, there is also the option to obtain a Graduate Diploma by taking the taught module component of the MSc. programme. The Graduate Diploma is offered as a full-time (T344) or part-time (T345) programme.  

Download MSc. Brochure

Ucd centre for physics in health and medicine.

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Medical Physics, MSc

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Medical Physics

Introduction.

Our MSc in Medical Physics will improve your knowledge of how technology can help diagnose disease, while you learn about all the major aspects of physics as applied in the modern clinical/health environment. The programme is delivered in partnership with NHS Grampian.

Study Information

Study options.

The University of Aberdeen has an internationally renowned reputation and an enviable history in developing new techniques for medical imaging, including being the first place in the world to build a whole-body sized Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner and conduct a diagnostic MRI scan.

On this MSc programme you will study such specialisms as nuclear medicine (which includes learning about diagnosing disease using radioactive tracers), radiotherapy, medical electronics and MRI. The programme is aimed at individuals who want to obtain an MSc from a top tier UK University. Applicants typically include recent physics and engineering graduates, people who are on the NHS Medical Physicists training programme and those in employment as medical physicists and radiologists.

This programme is available to start in September or January.

Programme Fees

Compulsory Courses

Stage 1 consists of the below courses:

• BP5025 - Core Biomedical Physics Skills
• BP5017 - Biomedical and Safety Topics in Healthcare
• BP5020 - Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Protection

Stage 2 consists of the below courses:

• BP5526 - Project Part 1 - Medical Physics
• BP5524 - Radiotherapy
• BP5516 - Computing and Information Technology in Medicine

Stage 3 consists of the below courses:

• BP5926 - Project Part 2 - Medical Physics
• BP5911 - Nuclear Medicine and PET
• BP5910 - MRI and Ultrasound

Stage 1 consists of the following courses:

• BP5525 - Core Biomedical Physics Skills

Stage 2 consists of the following courses:

• BP5927 - Project Part 1 - Medical Physics

Stage 3 consists of the following courses:

• BP5027 - Project Part 2 - Medical Physics

Available Programmes of Study

The Medical Physics programme covers the full range of applications of physics to healthcare, including diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy. The curriculum is based on the requirements of the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK and the programme is accredited by the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM).

We will endeavour to make all course options available. However, these may be subject to change - see our Student Terms and Conditions page .

Fee Information

Additional fee information.

• Fees for individual programmes can be viewed in the Programmes section above.
• In exceptional circumstances there may be additional fees associated with specialist courses, for example field trips. Any additional fees for a course can be found in our Catalogue of Courses .
• For more information about tuition fees for this programme, including payment plans and our refund policy, please visit our Tuition Fees page .

International Applicants

More information about fee status, living costs, and work allowances for international students is available here .

Scholarships

Self-funded international students enrolling on postgraduate taught (PGT) programmes will receive one of our Aberdeen Global Scholarships, ranging from £3,000 to £8,000, depending on your domicile country. Learn more about the Aberdeen Global Scholarships here .

To see our full range of scholarships, visit our Funding Database .

Related Programmes

You may also be interested in the following related postgraduate degree programmes.

• Medical Imaging

How You'll Study

Our Medical Physics programme is taught through traditional lectures and practicals with some courses making use of seminars and specialised practical sessions. Many lectures are recorded and can be viewed again by students when required.

The MSc enables you to learn outside the classroom in our state-of-the-art facilities, including MRI scanners, the John Mallard Scottish PET Centre and the recently opened radiotherapy centre. This will enable you to apply both theory and practice to medical physics projects. You will also have many opportunities to engage with staff from the School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition and Foresterhill Health Campus, one of the largest clinical complexes in Europe.

Some of the teaching methods employed in the programme include:

• Tutor-based support throughout
• Insight into current medical physics projects
• Research-led teaching taught by key opinion leaders

On-going support is provided by the University’s dedicated team of experienced researchers, who will be tutoring you.

Much of the teaching on this course involves participatory research work. Students are expected to engage with research work as well as classroom teaching and independent study in their own time.

Learning Methods

• Individual Projects

Assessment Methods

Students are evaluated through continuous assessment in the form of essays, laboratory practicals, individual and group presentations and written examinations. The MSc project is assessed by a thesis and oral presentations of the project findings.

Each course throughout the programme is assessed by continuous assessment in the form of practical write-ups, essay assignments, student presentations and written examinations.

Why Study Medical Physics?

• The University and the adjacent teaching hospital are home to cutting-edge medical technology, including a new £2m PET-CT scanner, a brand new radiotherapy centre with state-of-the-art linac treatment machines, as well as 3T and 1.5T MRI scanners. All of these facilities are used during the MSc.
• You will have the opportunity to contribute to the continued research within the department expanding knowledge of medical imaging technology and techniques such as Fast-Field Cycling MRI, functional MRI of the brain and PET scanning.
• You will be immersed in a clinical culture and environment at the Foresterhill Health Campus, which includes a large teaching hospital and the School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition.
• You will be part of a select group of students being taught by academics who are active researchers and key opinion leaders.
• The MSc will help you establish a professional network and provide access to those working in the field of medical physics to assist you with career development.
• The University places a strong emphasis on developing students’ applied skills and expertise, so that your qualifications and experience are closely aligned to employers’ needs.
• The University of Aberdeen has been delivering Medical Physics programmes for over 30 years and was the first place in the world to build and conduct a whole body MRI scan.
• The Queen’s Anniversary Prize was awarded to the University in recognition of its achievements in developing new medical imaging techniques.

Interested in this programme?

What our students say, aidan mackenzie.

The lecturers are very approachable and always happy to help out and answer any queries. The lectures are very engaging and interactive.

Khalid Alhamad

Studying MSc Medical Physics has helped me to achieve my ambitions and reach my goals.

Entry Requirements

Qualifications.

The information below is provided as a guide only and does not guarantee entry to the University of Aberdeen.

Physical science or Engineering second-class Honours degree. Minimum 2:2, 60% or GPA 2.4/4 or 3.0/5 overall.

Please check the In My Country pages to find out if your degree is equivalent.

Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS) certificate

The CAH3 code for this degree is CAH07-01-01. Students who need a visa to live or study in the UK must to apply for ATAS clearance. The ATAS clearance certificate must be valid when you apply for a visa to enter the UK. To find out if you need to apply for ATAS clearance, please visit http://www.gov.uk/guidance/academic-technology-approval-scheme

Please enter your country to view country-specific entry requirements.

English Language Requirements

To study for a Postgraduate Taught degree at the University of Aberdeen it is essential that you can speak, understand, read, and write English fluently. The minimum requirements for this degree are as follows:

IELTS Academic:

OVERALL - 6.5 with: Listening - 5.5; Reading - 6.0; Speaking - 5.5; Writing - 6.0

OVERALL - 90 with: Listening - 17; Reading - 21; Speaking - 20; Writing - 21

PTE Academic:

OVERALL - 62 with: Listening - 59; Reading - 59; Speaking - 59; Writing - 59

Cambridge English B2 First, C1 Advanced or C2 Proficiency:

OVERALL - 176 with: Listening - 162; Reading - 169; Speaking - 162; Writing - 169

Read more about specific English Language requirements here .

Document Requirements

You will be required to supply the following documentation with your application as proof you meet the entry requirements of this degree programme. If you have not yet completed your current programme of study, then you can still apply and you can provide your Degree Certificate at a later date.

Additional details for international applicants, including country-specific information, are available here .

Aberdeen Global Scholarship

Eligible self-funded postgraduate taught (PGT) students will receive the Aberdeen Global Scholarship. Explore our Global Scholarships, including eligibility details, on our dedicated page.

Completing the MSc programme in Medical Physics at the University of Aberdeen will provide you with a solid base to pursue a career in healthcare and science, within hospitals, academic institutions and industry. You will develop the knowledge, understanding and practical insight that will enable you to help diagnose and treat disease using techniques such as nuclear medicine, MRI, medical electronics and computer technology and radiotherapy.

Some of the career options available to you include:

• Further study (PhD)
• Academic jobs in university settings, e.g. lecturer, researcher
• Medical device risk management
• Jobs in hospital-based medical physics
• Radiation physics specialist

An MSc in Medical Physics from the University of Aberdeen will show employers that you have a broad knowledge base, first-hand research experience and the relevant skills required to bring value to their organisation. Links with the University, the John Mallard Scottish PET Centre and the Foresterhill Health Campus will enhance your credibility and help establish your reputation as a contributor to essential research projects.

The MSc programme meets the educational requirements of the Part I Training Scheme for Medical Physicists and Clinical Engineers in the UK’s National Health Service.

Career Opportunities

• Medical Device Risk Manager
• Medical Physicist
• Postgraduate Researcher
• Radiation Physics Specialist

Industry Links

NHS Grampian GE Healthcare Philips Healthcare Siemens Healthcare

Accreditation

This degree holds accreditation from.

• Accredited by the IPEM

Supported by the NHS

The MSc Medical Physics is a partnership between the University of Aberdeen and NHS Grampian and can form the academic component of the training required by staff who want to work in the NHS.

Our Experts

The programme will be delivered by an experienced, multidisciplinary team of internationally renowned researchers and NHS staff.

Information About Staff Changes

MRI Scanner

Our 3.0 T Philips Achieva research MRI scanner, is located in the Lilian Sutton Building (LSB) at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (ARI) on the Foresterhill Health Campus.

Clinical PET scanner

The clinical PET scanner (a GE Discovery STe PET CT) is located in a purpose built facility, adjacent to the tracer development facility, nuclear medicine and MRI units.

Foresterhill Health Campus

The Foresterhill Health Campus is one of the largest clinical complexes in Europe which includes the Medical School, large teaching hospital, the Institute of Medical Sciences and the Rowett Institute.

Get in Touch

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Dalhousie University

Medical physics  msc, phd, cert..

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Strugari, Matthew, PhD, 2023: Development of Simultaneous Multi-Radionuclide Imaging with a Novel SiPM-based Preclinical SPECT Scanner

Lincoln, John, PhD, 2023: Non-Coplanar Arc Optimizaton for Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Treatment Planning

Reeve, Sarah, PhD, 2023:  Balanced Steady-State Free Precession Imaging of the Temporal Bone and Paranasal Sinuses at 0.5T

Church, Cody, PhD, 2022:  Techniques to Minimize the Dosimetric Impact of Intrafractional Motion with Improved Treatment Accuracy and Efficiency on a C-arm Medical Linear Accelerator

Brady, Brendan, PhD, 2022: Exploring Transient Neural Events in Healthy Populations Using Non-Invasive Neuroimaging

Henry, Eric Courtney, PhD, 2021: The Devlopement of a CT-based Framework for Radiaiton Dosimetry in Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

Hupman, Michael Allan, PhD, 2021: Development of a Novel Dosimeter: The Stemless Plastic Scintillation Detector 

Sadeghi, Parisa, PhD, 2021:  Development and Evaluation of a Novel Technology for Monitoring Patient Motion During Stereotactic Radiotherapy

MacDonald, Robert Lee, PhD, 2018: Development and Implementation of Trajectory Optimization Technologies for Cranial Stereotactic Radiation Therapy

Parsons, David, PhD: Volume of Interest Imaging for Image Guided Radiotherapy

Stevens, Tynan, PhD: Enhancing the Reliability of Functional MRI and Magnetoencephalography for Presurgical Mapping, 2015

Northway, Cassidy, MSc, 2020: Patient-Specific Collision Zones for 4π Trajectory Optimized Radiation Therapy

Miedema, Mary, MSc, 2019: Intra-Session Reliability Metrics for Quality Assurance in Pre-Surgical Mapping with Magnetoencephalography

Hewlett, Miriam, MSc, 2019: Viability of Accelerated Spin Echo Single Point Imaging for Lipid Composition Mapping in Fatty Liver Disease

Mason, Allister, MSc, 2019: Efficacy and Utility of Image Quality Metrics in Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction

Lincoln, John, MSc, 2018: Evaluation of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Enhancement Using a Liver Specific Contrast Agent for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Guidance [PDF - 4.6MB]

Church, Cody, MSC, 2018: Advances in Respiratory Impedance Predictions Using Pulmonary Functional Imaging Models of Asthma

Reno, Michael, MSc, 2018: Patient Specific Pixel-Based Weighting Factor Dual-Energy X-Ray Imaging System

O'Grady, Christopher, MSc, 2017:  An Application of Regularized Spectral Entropy for Detection of Task-Related Information Content in fMRI

Murtha, Nathan, MSc, 2017:  Characterizing Dynamic MRI Using Objective Image Quality Metrics

Musgrave, William, MSc, 2017:  Dosimetric Effects of Prostate Calcifications in High-Dose Rate Brachytherapy Calculations 

Ruiz, Ethan Antonio Avila, MSc, 2017 :  A Capacitive Monitoring System for Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Detector Design

Hupman, Michael Allan, MSc, 2017:   Preliminary Characterization of the Response of an Organic Thin Film Transistor to Ionizing Radiation

Clarke, Scott, MSc, 2016: 3D Printed Surface Applicators for High Dose Rate Brachytherapy

Bowman, Wesley, MSc, 2016: Dual-energy Stereoscopic X-Ray Imaging to Enhance Soft-tissue Contrast in Lung Imaging

MacDonald, R Lee MSc, 2014: Dynamic Couch Motion for Improvement of Radiation Therapy Trajectories

Su, Shiqin, MSc: Design and Optimization of 3D Printed Bolus for Electron Radiation Therapy, 2014

Parsons, Cathryn, MSc: Surface Dose Enhancement Using Low-Z Electron/Photon Beams

Parsons, David, MSc: T he Production and Detection of  Optimized Low-Z Linear Accelerator Target Beams for  Image Guidance in Radiotherapy, 2012

Connell, Tanner, MSc: Low-Z Target Optimization for Spatal Resolution Improvement in Planar Imaging and  Cone-Beam CT, 2009

Orton, Liz, MSc: Improved Contrast in Radiation Therapy Imaging Using Low-Z and Amorphous Silicon   Portal Imagers, 2008

Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University 6310 Coburg Rd. PO BOX 15000                 Halifax, NS  B3H 4R2

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Medical physics

The application of physics in medicine and health-related problems is a major area of research in our group as well.

Many of the methods developed in these areas also have potential for industrial applications, which is an exciting aspect of the research performed here at Surrey.

Conventional and spectroscopic X-ray imaging

Better contrast in medical imaging using contrast agents is possible by energy gating of the X-ray signal.

Get in contact

For more information about this research please contact  Dr Silvia Pani .

Dosimetry and health physics

Silica based dosimeters offer high spatial resolution, low cost, easy handling (compared to established dosimeter materials) and are bone equivalent. We have pioneered the use of micro silica beads for medical dosimetry, leading to the foundation of the spin out company  Trueinvivo , to ensure that the new technology will be available to the benefit of patients as soon as possible.

Current work

We are currently focusing on translating the technology to clinic's, as well as demonstrating its uses in other industrial applications that require higher doses.

For more information, contact  Professor Giuseppe Schettino .

Left image: Silica beads prior to irradiation are show in the outside ring and after 5 kGy electron irradiation is shown in the inside ring. The darkening in colour can be seen. Right image: Prototype phantom for pre-clinical studies of brachytherapy (a type of radiation therapy to treat cervical cancer) doses delivered.

Improving radiotherapy

The key aspects we are working on to improve radiotherapy are exploring new treatment modalities by improving quality in dosimetry and reducing the dose that goes to healthy tissues.

For more information about this research contact  Professor Giuseppe Schettino .

Personalised and biologically optimised treatment planning in radiotherapy

Significant improvement in cancer treatment by radiotherapy can be achieved by taking into account the radiobiological response of cells, tissues and patients to radiation exposures.

Technological development of the last decades has provided a variety of radiotherapy approaches such as:

• Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR)
• MR-guided radiotherapy
• Proton and hadron therapy
• High dose rate radiation beams.

The biological effects of such irradiation modalities vary greatly requiring a better understanding of radiobiological mechanisms and new models.

Current research

The key aspects of work we are currently researching are:

• Microdosimetry for proton and hadron beams
• Radiobiological modelling
• Dosimetry and quality assurance for pre-clinical studies
• Radiosensitisation by high-Z nanoparticles.

For more information about this research, contact Professor Giuseppe Schettino  who holds joint appointments here at the University and the National Physical Laboratory .

Group research

We work across three other research areas here in the Radiation and Medical Physics Group.

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Master of Science in Biomedical Physics

Master of science in biomedical physics (actt approved), with specialization in medical physics.

MSc Biomedical Physics

Biomedical Physics (BIPH) focuses on the application of Physics to the solution of problems in Biology and Medicine. This master’s degree is a unique interdisciplinary program which was developed to train graduates in the field of Medical Physics. Our graduates will therefore contribute to clinical and medical physics teams, and work at the forefront of science and technology to manage and cure diseases using medical physics technology. This cutting edge field utilises medical radiation science as well as medical physics equipment to diagnose and treat diseases. Our MSC programme trains you to work as a medical physicist in radiology and radiotherapy departments in public and private healthcare institutions. You will develop competencies in the use of analytical and computer aided techniques to assist clinical staff in the diagnosis, treatment and management of diseases.

Programme Summary

Biomedical Physics is an applied branch of Physics concerned with the application of concepts and methods in Physics to the solution of problems in Biology and Medicine. The master’s degree in Biomedical Physics is a unique interdisciplinary program which was developed in recognition of the blurring of boundaries between the physical sciences which has led to explosive advancements in diagnostic processes, medical devices and technologies as well as improvements in available treatment modalities. It is an excellent opportunity for students to enhance their education in Physics, Biology, Electronics and Bioengineering while developing their analytical and problem-solving skills. The wide spectrum of knowledge required of the Biomedical Physicists makes this profession both challenging and rewarding as they improve their understanding of the study of the human body and attempt to solve current medical problems. Future careers in the allied health areas are expected to be a major area of growth in the 21st century and as such the education of Biomedical Physicists, Medical Physicists and Bioengineers must keep abreast of the changes is such a way as to prepare the future professional to make the best possible contribution to the health and standard of living of both patients and staff in the various environment in which they may find themselves. Many Biomedical Physicists will head into traditional fields e.g. clinical service and consultation, education, research and development while others will enter varied fields e.g. quality control and the enforcement of government regulations.

The graduate degree has become a necessary requirement for advancement into research and development or senior supervisory and management positions. The field of Biomedical Physics is yet new and is constantly being redefined. As such the career potential for the qualified, self-directed, creative graduate is especially great.

Entry Requirements

Admission requirements for this programme are as follows:

• First degree from a recognized University in Physics / Applied Physics / Biomedical Technology, Mechanical / Biomedical / Electrical Engineering with a minimum of lower second class honours (Weighted GPA: 2.50 – 2.99).

For further information, contact the MSc Coordinator, Dr. Roger Andrews ( [email protected]  ),  or the Administrative Assistant (Acting), Mrs. Virginia Briggs ( [email protected]  )

Academic Aims and Objectives

This is a new programme at The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine. It aims to specially train and augment the education of qualified scientists and engineers so as to ensure that

• Graduating students have sufficient competence in either of two specializations in the field of Biomedical Physics in order to start a career.
• The requirements of international societies are incorporated to a sufficient level so as to obtain accreditation. 
• Postgraduate students from other countries are attracted to the programme so as to foster the dissemination of these areas of biomedical specialization over a wider geographical area and hence regionally improve health care.

Entrants to the course will be:

• Recent graduates and suitably qualified working professionals seeking to upgrade their qualifications for work or advancement in regional health authorities or private institutions.

This programme advances the Departmental, Faculty, Campus and/or the University Strategic Plan in the following ways:

• Produces qualified Medical Physicists and specialists in Human Movement who can provide service in various areas of the allied health sector;
• Produces graduates who could enroll in higher academic research e.g. Ph.D. studies or work as research assistants to address the medical and scientific needs of the national community or move into scientific posts in other professions e.g. radiation protection in governmental or commercial organisations;
• Develop a cadre of professionals with the ability to impact and direct policy-making;
• To build national and regional technological and infrastructural capacities for imparting postgraduate education, training and research in biomedical physics;
• To strategically develop and foster collaborations with international societies, institutes and universities of excellence in order to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and the development of research cooperation;
• To tap the potential of existing teaching and research facilities UWI-StA and UWI-Mona and to upgrade them towards efficient use for delivering an advanced educational programmes;
• To integrate resources and to develop strong working relationships and research initiatives within and across the UWI campuses in keeping with the ideals of the strategic plan of the UWI.

In the near future it is expected that the demand for not only Medical Physicists but also specialists in Human Movement will increase. Graduates of this specialization will achieve insight into the clinical practice of Medical Physics, Medical Imaging and related subjects via visits and attachments to staff in their hospital role. Such training is important as oncology centers open nationally and regionally. Trinidad and Tobago’s National Oncology Centre, set to be built at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex (EWMSC), Mt Hope, will be completed by April 2015 and ready for use by October 2015. Within the Caribbean one can also expect the Cancer Centre for the Eastern Caribbean (CCEC) in Antigua to be completed in the near future. In the meantime Radiation Oncology Centre of Jamaica and the Cancer Centre Bahamas offer good prospects to graduates in Medical Physics. Additionally with the growth in occupational, environmental safety and health, sports science and the management of the professional athlete. Professionals will be required who can understand and apply the laws and principles governing human motion to daily living, materials handling, the clinical setting as well as to elite sport skill performance.

Course of Study

NB: Additional information available in the  Faculty of Science and Technology Postgraduate Booklet.  

       Additional Queries can be addressed at  [email protected]

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Master's Programme in Medical Radiation Physics

• 120 credits cr.
• Gå till denna sida på svenska webben

The master’s programme in medical physics combines your interest in physics with applications in medicine. You will study how radiation is used within health care to diagnose and treat diseases, and you will undergo practical training at the hospital.

A medical physicist is an expert in diagnostic methods and radiation therapy. Modern healthcare is experiencing rapid technological advances, and there is a need for both a detailed knowledge of basic biological effects and in advanced physical models. As a medical physicist, you can also work in radiation protection or in research and development. With a Master’s degree in Medical Radiation Physics, you are also well prepared for further research studies in Sweden or abroad. 

Bridge programme

If you have a strong background in physics, for example a bachelor degree, but lack courses to be eligible for the Master's programme in Medical Radiation Physics, we offer a course package (or bridge programme) that includes all courses to prepare you for the master's programme.

Read more about the Course bridge package here.

Information for admitted students autumn 2024

Congratulations! You have been admitted at Stockholm University and we hope that you will enjoy your studies with us.

In order to ensure that your studies begin as smoothly as possible we have compiled a short checklist for the beginning of the semester.

Follow the instructions on whether you have to reply to your offer or not. universityadmissions.se

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Here you will find what you need to know before your course or programme starts.

Your seat may be withdrawn if you do not register according to the instructions provided by your department.

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Everyone admitted to a programme at the Department of Physics will receive a welcome letter with information from us via e-mail. If you have not receive an e-mail by August, please contact our Academic advisor! Unfold and read more.

All programmes at the Department of Physics starts with a mandatory introductory meeting (roll-call). You will receive more detailed information about the meeting via e-mail. If you are planning to start the programme but for some reason cannot participate in the meeting, contact our Academic advisor. Contact details are found further down on this web page.

Elective courses within a programme

If you are admitted to a programme at the Department of Physics you will also automatically be admitted to the compulsory courses within the programme given during the autumn. The courses included in the programme are listed further down on this web page. You will also receive information about this via e-mail. If you have elective courses within your programme during the autumn, you need to choose courses at the start of the semester. Information about this is provided at the introductory meeting.

Registration

If you are admitted to a programme at our department you can register yourself to the elective courses within your programme using your university account. Registration normally opens two weeks before the course starts and you must have registered at the latest one week after the first lecture. If you have any problems with registration, contact our Student office. Contact details are found further down on this web page.

Conditionally admitted

If you are conditionally admitted to a programme at the Department of Physics you need to contact our Academic advisor. Contact us as soon as possible, well before the the first course within the programme starts. Contact details are found further down on this web page.

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Are you placed on a waiting list to a programme at our department? You will always be contacted by e-mail if you are offered a place. Normaly we will not admit new students if more than 1 week has passed after the beginning of the term.

Find the Departmend of Physics

Most of the physics courses are held in the AlbaNova building, located between the Frescati campus and the Royal Institute of Technology (Tekniska högskolan, KTH). Courses in medical radiation physics are held at Campus Karolinska Hospital. A few of our physics courses are also given in collaboration with KTH or other departments. If this is the case it is clearly stated further down on this web page.

Find AlbaNova.

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Programme overview

As the Master’s programme in medical radiation physics is equivalent with the last two years of the professional education to become a medical physicist, all courses are mandatory. In the first year, you will study radiobiology and radiation protection, as well as cover the diagnostic specialties of medical physics including clinical practice in all diagnostic departments at the hospital. The second year is dedicated to radiation therapy (including five weeks of clinical practice) and to the degree project, which is fixed to 30 credits. The topic of the project does not have to have a clinical connection, and many of our graduates go on to work in the industry, at the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, and/or pursue a career in research.

TOTAL CREDITS: 60 credits

The Swedish credit system is compatible with the European standard ECTS. 30 ECTS is equivalent to one semester of full time studies.

1st Semester

Image and System Analysis FK7064 9 credits

Basic Radiobiology FK7065 9 credits

Radiation Protection and Environmental Radiology FK8030 7.5 credits

Physics of Diagnostic Radiology FK8031 10.5 credits (start)

2nd Semester

Physics of Diagnostic Radiology FK8031 10.5 credits (cont’d)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging FK8032 10 credits

Physics of Nuclear Medicine FK8037 11 credits

The Professional Role of the Medical Physicist FK8038 3 credits

Second year (60 credits)

Radiation Therapy Physics and Biology FK8035 22.5 credits

Clinical Radiotherapy Physics and Biology FK8036 7.5 credits

Degree Project FK9006 30 credits

Independent project

Examples of recent degree projects.

1. Clinical optimization of a regularized reconstruction algorithm in PET. (2018) 2. Risk of second cancer from proton therapy of breast cancer – impact of physiological and radiobiological uncertainties. (2018) 3. Ray Cast/Dose Superposition algorithm for proton grid therapy. (2017)

How to apply

All our international Master’s programmes start during the autumn semester. The application round normally opens in mid-October the preceding year, with a deadline in January.

Application is done through www.universityadmissions.se

When submitting you application make sure you have uploaded all required documents. Read more here: https://www.universityadmissions.se/documents

We at the Department of Physics do not require any additional documents such as CV, letter of recommendation or motivation letter. You will be contacted by us if we need further documentation.

Watch our Webinar about the Master's Programmes in Medical Radiation Physics. In the Webinar you will learn more about the programme, meet the programme coordinator, mixed with interviews with students and alumni. The Webinar is found on the Stockholm University central web page for Webinars on-demand about our Master’s programmes . It is called "Master's Programmes in Medical Radiation Physics".

Meet our students

Meet former medical physics student apostolos raptis.

Apostolos Raptis began as a master student from Greece in the autumn 2015. He enrolled in the 3rd year of the Medical Physics program and graduated in June 2018. Apostolos now works at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm.

Why did you choose Fysikum for you master?

As an international student coming from Greece, I have always had a very good opinion about the research that takes place in Sweden. Fysikum is the most popular university department for medica phyics in Sweden, so the choice was quite easy.

What was your project about?

The masters project that I was assigned to was an investigation of the second primary tumours that can be caused from radiotherapy of breast cancer patients. It was a risk comparison between photon and proton radiotherapy.

What was the best of your experience at Fysikum?

I would say that the clinical courses and the contact that we made with the actual work of a medical physicist has helped me decide which will be the direction that I want to follow regarding my future profession.

How was living in Stockholm for you?

Life in Stockholm can be very challeging for a newcomer. Accomodation is the biggest issue that all the foreigners are facing, so I would definitely list this on the top of the negative aspects of life in Stockholm. On the other hand, Stockholm is a city with rare beauty, amazing nature even in the middle of the city and really good means of transportation.

Would you suggest the Master's programme in Medical Radiation Physics at Fysikum to other students?

The Medical Physics programme is coordinated by scientists that have excelled in their fields, people that want to recruit and train the future generations of Medical Physicists that in turn will ensure high quality treatments and safety for the patients and the public. Therefore, I think it is an exciting experience to be part of a quite special group of physicists that want to contribute to the health system.

Career opportunities

Today, half of all the cancer patients in the world are treated with radiotherapy, and diagnostic methods based on both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation represent a major cornerstone of modern medicine. There is an increased need of medical physicists with knowledge within physics, medicine and technology. To work as a medical physicist at a Swedish hospital, a license from the National Board of Health and Welfare is required. You can apply for the license after completing the programme.

Working as a medical physicist is an exciting profession where you combine physics with biology and medicine. A medical physicist is the expert in radiation treatment and diagnostic methods with radiation. In addition to direct tasks within the daily work at the hospital with treatments and check-ups of patients, the medical physicist participates in research and development. An important task is to provide education about radiation and radiation safety to other professions, such as doctors and nurses. The more advanced technical equipment and the use of computers within healthcare, implies an increased need of medical physicists.

Except for working at the hospital, a medical physicists can also work at a medical technology company or with radiation safety issues at a nuclear plant, or with the Radiation Safety Authority. After examination, it is also possible to continue with a PhD education.

Programme coordinator: Prof. Iuliana Toma-Dasu [email protected]

Academic advisor at Fysikum: [email protected]

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Medical Physics (MSc)

Course overview, course outline, why choose this course, course fees.

• Find Out More

This MSc programme is designed to meet the demand for qualified medical physicists. It is primarily geared toward training for physicists in the application of radiation physics in medicine but maintains a reasonable exposure to key aspects of clinical engineering so that students receive a comprehensive knowledge of the application of the physical sciences and engineering to medicine.

The course is unique in that it is closely integrated with the University Hospital Galway. The majority of lectures and course materials are delivered by hospital staff. The course provides a unique opportunity to see the operation of a busy academic hospital.

September 2015: University of Galway’s MSc in Medical Physics is the first European MSc programme to be awarded accreditation from the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Education Programmes (CAMPEP)   and the second programme worldwide. Read more here .

Scholarships available Find out about our Postgraduate Scholarships here .

L–R: Dr Christoph Kleefeld (Clinical director MSc in Medical Physics), Ryan Muddiman, Morgan Healy, Kevin Byrne, Sthuthi Medepalli, Michael Moran, David Connolly & Dr Mark Foley (Academic director MSc in Medical Physics).

2019 Medical Physics postgraduate scholars

L–R: Dr Christoph Kleefeld (Clinical Director, MSc in Medical Physics), Ryan Muddiman, Morgan Healy, Kevin Byrne, Sthuthi Medepalli, Michael Moran, David Connolly & Dr Mark Foley (Academic Director,  MSc in Medical Physics).

• 2019 Walton scholarship award —Kevin Byrne
• 2019 van der Putten scholarship award —David Connolly
• 2019 George Johnstone Stoney scholarship award —Michael Moran
• 2019 Postgraduate International Merit scholarship award —Sthuthi Medepalli
• 2019 Postgraduate scholarship —Morgan Healy & Ryan Muddiman

Absent from the picture were international student scholarship holders Anwar Beleehan & Rawan Tawatti.

Applications and Selections

Applications are made online via the University of Galway  Postgraduate Applications System . Selection is based on the candidate's academic record at under-graduate level and their aptitude for the course. Candidates may be interviewed to determine suitability.

Who Teaches this Course

Requirements and assessment.

Assssments take the form of assignments, essays, presentations and conventional exams. There is an increasing emphasis on self-directed learning. A small research project counts for about 30% of the overall marks.

Entry Requirements

Graduates must hold at least a Second Class Honours, Level 8 degree (or equivalent international qualification) in physics or experimental physics, electronic engineering, or another relevant discipline as determined by the College of Science. Candidates with a primary degree without honours and with three years’ relevant and appropriate practical experience may be also considered.

Additional Requirements

Recognition of prior learning (rpl).

Candidates with a primary degree without honours and with three years’ relevant and appropriate practical experience may be also considered.

1 year, full-time

Next start date

September 2024

A Level Grades ()

Average intake, qqi/fet fetac entry routes, closing date.

No set closing date. Offers made on a  continuous basis .

Mode of study

Ects weighting, course code.

The MSc consists of a fairly intense programme of lectures, workshops, laboratory sessions, tutorials and self-directed learning, followed by a four to five-month research project. The syllabus contains modules covering traditional Medical Physics topics, such as Radiation Fundamentals, and Hospital and Radiation Safety, but also provides an introduction to other areas like Clinical Instrumentation, Modules in Anatomy, Physiology, Medical Informatics and Safety and Risk Management. 

Curriculum Information

Glossary of terms, year 1 (90 credits), required si2103: fundamentals of physiology, si2103: fundamentals of physiology, semester 1 | credits: 5.

Fundamental Physiology (SI210) is a blended learning 5 ECTS module that has been specifically created to provide students of Health & Safety Systems with some fundamental knowledge of human body function that is relevant to their course of study. (Language of instruction: English)

Learning Outcomes

• Appreciate the role of Physiology in a range of professional careers.
• Appreciate the concept of homeostatic mechanisms within the body or ‘body balance’.
• Understand the importance of water in the body, and the relevance of body fluid compartments.
• Demonstrate knowledge of how foreign substances or pathogens can gain access to the body to cause toxicity or disease, both at a systemic and at a cellular level.
• Demonstrate knowledge of the physiology of the common routes of toxin entry, including the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.
• Demonstrate a basic knowledge of the physiology of the nervous system and some well-known examples of neurotoxins.
• Demonstrate a basic knowledge of how muscles work, and some musculoskeletal disorders that are common in the workplace.
• Demonstrate a basic knowledge of the functions and composition of the blood and some common vascular disorders.
• Understand the fundamentals of how the heart works, and the electrocardiogram (ECG).
• Demonstrate a basic knowledge of some mechanisms that the body uses to defend itself against disease and injury, including inflammation.
• Demonstrate a basic knowledge of the physiological changes that occur in pregnancy, the development of a baby during pregnancy and the risks associated with teratogens.

Assessments

• Continuous Assessment (40%)
• Computer-based Assessment (60%)
•   LOUISE ANN HORRIGAN   🖂
•   ANTONY WHEATLEY   🖂
•   CAIT FAHY   🖂
•   Liza O'Regan   🖂

Required PH5122: AI Applications in Medical Physics

Ph5122: ai applications in medical physics.

This is a self-contained module designed to train the student into the fundamentals and applications of relevant AI methodologies in contemporary medical physics. Extensive use is made of the Python programming ecosystem in demonstrating and illustrating practical applications of these AI methodologies using differing medical physics contexts including medical imaging, radiotherapy and virtual clinical trials. This module directly addresses SDG 3:'Good Health and Well-Being' and SDG 4:'Quality Education' by providing a robust foundational understanding of how quantitative & AI methodologies can be used to optimise the resolution of complex, data intense problems confronted by practicing medical physicists, as well as developing intuitive skills in how best to engage and progress data science solutions that are transferable to resolving contemporary societal challenges. (Language of instruction: English)

• Deploy effective programming skills using Python to preprocess and conduct exploratory analysis of medical physics related data products.
• Develop and deploy solutions using the Python programming and other cognate computational processing ecosystems to process image/time-series datasets, based around a solid understanding of the fundamental algorithms involved and their contextual relevance to contemporary medical physics applications.
• Develop and apply practical statistical and AI based solutions to complex data science problems in contemporary medical physics using the Python/R software ecosystems.
• Articulate and define the statistical properties of complex high-dimensional data & how to build, test and deploy a statistical/AI model based upon such data
• Design and implement clinical trials in support of precision medical physics applications, and the AI can play in their acceleration, expediting their potential impact for patient welfare.
• Written Assessment (70%)
• Continuous Assessment (30%)
•   MARK FOLEY   🖂
•   REBECCA NOLAN   🖂
•   Christoph Kleefeld   🖂

Required PH5110: Research Project

Ph5110: research project, 12 months long | credits: 30.

The student will conduct independent research on a clinical problem and summarise the research and results in a short thesis. The student will also be introduced to the concepts of ethics in research, publication and in medicine and the clinical practice.

• Understand the basic concepts of conducting independent research
• Define a clinical problem and a possible solution grounded in the application of physics in medicine to solve it
• Conduct in-depth literature research focused on the research problem
• Conduct the proposed research, taking account of appropriate timelines and available resources
• Write a 10,000 word thesis, appropriately referenced, which describes the research in detail
• Successfully interact with clinical staff of different disciplines
• Present the research at a standard which is comparable to that of a scientific meeting
• Know the main principles of ethics in research and publication
• Understand the concepts of ethics and the role of ethics in medicine and in the clinical practice
• Recognize ethical issues and deal with the issues in a systematic manner with special considerations of the ethical aspects of AI applications
• Understand professionalism issues and be familiar with the codes of professional and ethical conduct in medical physics
• Continuous Assessment (20%)
• Research (80%)

Required PH5104: Medical Imaging

Ph5104: medical imaging, semester 1 | credits: 10.

An overview and introduction of the physical basis and clinical utility of the major imaging modalities which can be found in modern health care.

• Understand general role of imaging in healthcare
• Understand the theoretical basis of image formation including Fourier Transforms and reconstruction from Projections.
• Understand the basic theory of general projection radiography. Understand physics and engineering principles of x-ray equipment.
• Understand the basic theory of Computed Tomography Scanning. Understand physics and engineering principles of CT scanners. Understand Image reconstruction.
• Understand the basic theory of ultrasound. Understand physics and engineering principles of ulrasound equipment.
• Understand the basic theory of nuclear medicine. Understand physics and engineering principles of gamma ray detection, SPECT and PET scanning equipment.
• Understand the basic theory of Magnetic resonance Imaging. Understand physics and engineering principles of MRI equipment.
• Understand the basics of image processing
• Continuous Assessment (100%)
•   NIALL COLGAN   🖂

Reading List

• "Physical principles of medical imaging." by Perry Sprawls Madison Publisher: Medical Physics Pub.
• "The essential physics of medical imaging." by Jerrold T Bushberg Philadelphia Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• "Physics of radiology" by Anthony B. Wolbarst, Publisher: Medical Physics Pub

Required PH5103: Radiation Fundamentals

Ph5103: radiation fundamentals.

An overview and introduction of the physics of the interaction of ionising radiation with matter and the theory and practice of measuring radiation. Calibration of medical irradiators

• Understand basics of Atomic and Nuclear Physics. Radiation from charged particles.
• Understand production of X-ray generation. Concept of X-Ray quality. Attenuation of Photon Beams in Matter.
• Understand interaction of Photons with Matter. Interaction of Charged Particles with matter. Introduction to Monte Carlo techniques.
• Understand basic concepts of Dosimetry. Including Cavity Theory.
• Understand design and operation of Radiation Detectors. Practical aspects and operation of Ionization chambers, electrometers and other detectors.
• Introduce to the basic principles of patient dosimetry
• Provide an overview of image detector technology
• Written Assessment (100%)
• "Radiation dosimetry." by Frank H Attix; William C Roesch; Eugene Tochilin Publisher: Academic Press 1966-69
• "The physics of radiology." by Harold Elford Johns John Robert Cunningham Publisher: Charles C. Thomas

Required AN230: Human Body Structure

An230: human body structure.

Human Body Structure is delivered by the anatomy department to students at the first, second and masters level in university for whom anatomy is not a core degree element who require a sound basic knowledge of the structure of the human body. The content will cover topics including the following: * Organisation of human body, anatomical terminology, the principles of support and movement, the control systems of the human body, maintenance and continuity of the body and finally, biomechanics and functional anatomy of the limbs. The module will be comprised of lectures delivered in person or online as appropriate. (Language of instruction: English)

• Established a sound basic knowledge of the organization and structure of the human body including the location and anatomical relations of the major organ systems
• Developed a basic understanding of the principles of support and movement, the control systems of the body, maintenance and continuity of the human body.
• Understand and describe the biomechanics and functional anatomy of the human limbs and musculoskeletal system
• Explain how specific aspects of human anatomy relate to your field of study
• Begun to develop your ability to look up and synthesize anatomical subject matter in a self-directed manner
•   ALEXANDER BLACK   🖂
•   PETER DOCKERY   🖂
•   LINDA HOWARD   🖂
•   FIONA LOWRY   🖂
•   PATRICK MCGARRY   🖂
•   CAROLINE DAWN MCINTOSH   🖂
•   NIGEL ROBERTS   🖂
•   AMANDA WALSH   🖂
•   MARY NÍ FHLATHARTAIGH   🖂
•   DARA CANNON   🖂
•   FIDELMA GALLEN   🖂
•   GERALDINE TALTY   🖂
•   Adam McIlwaine   🖂
• "Introduction to the human body" by Gerard J. Tortora, Bryan Derrickson. ISBN: 9781118583180. Publisher: New York; Wiley
• "Human Anatomy" by Michael McKinley,Valerie O'Loughlin,Ronald Harris,Elizabeth Pennefather-O'Brien ISBN: 9780073525730. Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math Chapters: 2024-08-12T00:00:00

Required ST314: Introduction to Biostatistics

St314: introduction to biostatistics.

This course will introduce students to statistical concepts and thinking by providing a practical introduction to data analysis. The importance and practical usefulness of statistics in biomedical and clinical environments will be demonstrated through a large array of case studies. Students attending this course will be encouraged and equipped to apply simple statistical techniques to design, analyse and interpret studies in a wide range of disciplines.

• understand the key concept of variability;
• understand the ideas of population, sample, parameter, statistic and probability;
• understand simple ideas of point estimation;
• recognise the additional benefits of calculating interval estimates for unknown parameters and be able to interpret interval estimates correctly;
• carry out a variety of commonly used hypothesis tests
• understand the difference between paired and independent data and be able to recognise both in practice;
• understand the aims and desirable features of a designed experiment;
• calculate the sample size needed for one and two sample problems.
•   COLLETTE MCLOUGHLIN   🖂
•   JOHN NEWELL   🖂
•   ANDREW SIMPKIN   🖂

Required PH5120: Radiological Imaging Technology and Safety

Ph5120: radiological imaging technology and safety, semester 2 | credits: 5.

An overview of the Science of Risk and Safety. Basic concepts of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation safety. Quality Assurance (Language of instruction: English)

• Understand concepts of radiation safety in the workplace.
• Understand concepts of radiation shielding.
• Understand patient dose calculation in diagnostic radiology and has ability to use dedicated software for this.
• Understand quality assurance principles and quality control in diagnostic radiology.
• Understand basic concepts of safety with artificial optical radiation (lasers UV).

Required PH5121: Introduction to Workplace Hazards in Healthcare

Ph5121: introduction to workplace hazards in healthcare.

This module aims to provide students with an introduction to skills required to anticipate, evaluate and control workplace hazards including radiation safety issues (Language of instruction: English)

• Understand the importance of the role of occupational health and safety risk assessment and the relevance of exposure measurement.
• Identify, locate and interpret health and safety legislation, guidance and standards relevant to the measurement and control of workplace hazards
• Identify, locate and interpret primary legislation and associated best practice and guidance governing safety in the use of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in Ireland
• Describe techniques used to evaluate exposure risk from physical, chemical and biological hazards in the work environment
• Interpret and communicate occupational exposure data
• Appreciate the need for suitable workplace exposure control
• Appreciate the need for continuous professional development and the role of professional ethics in this area
• Understand basic concepts of Risk and Safety management and assessment in a hospital setting.
•   MARIE COGGINS   🖂
•   Joan Walsh   🖂
• "Monitoring for health hazards at work." by J.W. Cherrie, R.M. Howie and S. Semple. Publisher: Blackwell Science.
• "Occupational Hygiene" by K. Gardiner and J.M. Harrington (Ed’s)

Required PH5102: Clinical Instrumentation

Ph5102: clinical instrumentation.

An overview of the role of physical phenomena and the way these are measured in the hospital.

• Understand the physiological processes which give rise to physical signals which can be measured.
• Understand the basic theory of electrical measurement of biophysical signals. Describe the basic design of electrophysiological instrumentation
• Understand the basics of bio-fluid mechanics and the measurement of flow
• Understand the physics of the senses such as cutaneous and chemical sensors, auditory and vision sensing. Describe concepts of psychophysics.
• Understand electrical safety within the context of electromedical equipment
• "Medical physics and biomedical engineering" by B. H Brown (Brian H.); Publisher: Institute of Physics Pub. C1999
• "Biomedical engineering fundamentals" by Joseph D. Bronzino Publisher: 1937-Boca Raton : CRC/Taylor & Francis

Required PH5105: Physics of Radiotherapy

Ph5105: physics of radiotherapy, semester 2 | credits: 10.

An overview of the basics of the physics of radiotherapy.

• Understand interaction of a single beam of radiation in a scattering medium
• Understand basic concepts of treatment planning for combinations of photon beams.
• Be able to operate a Treatment Planning computer, prepare a treatment plan and interpret the results.
• Understand the interaction of particle beams with matter including electrons and heavy charged particles.
• Understand the physics and engineering principles of radiation treatment machines with an emphasis on linear accelerators
• Understand the concept of relative dosimetry
• Understand the basic principles of dose calculation algorithms
• Understand the concept of brachytherapy
• Understand concepts of dosimetry with unsealed source isotopes.
• Understand the basic concepts of radiobiology as it applies to radiotherapy
• Understand the calibration of radiotherapy machines
• Written Assessment (50%)
• Continuous Assessment (50%)
• "The physics of radiation therapy," by Faiz M. Khan Baltimore, MD Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
• "adiation oncology physics : a handbook for teachers and students." by Ervin D Podgorsak; International Atomic Energy Agency. Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency.
• "The physics of radiology." by Harold Elford Johns John Robert Cunningham. Publisher: Charles C. Thomas

Career Opportunities

The course has been successful in its aims in providing individuals with a good grounding in Medical Physics.

A recent survey of graduates showed that around 75% of them had found employment in a Medical Physics-based career. This includes several individuals who have pursued or are pursuing a PhD. About 20% are employed abroad, in countries like the UK , the US, Australia and New Zealand.

Who’s Suited to This Course

Transferable skills employers value, work placement, related student organisations, fees: tuition, fees: student levy, fees: non eu.

Postgraduate students in receipt of a SUSI grant—please note an F4 grant is where SUSI will pay €4,000 towards your tuition (2024/25).  You will be liable for the remainder of the total fee.  A P1 grant is where SUSI will pay tuition up to a maximum of €6,270. SUSI will not cover the student levy of €140.

Postgraduate fee breakdown = Tuition (EU or NON EU) + Student levy as outlined above.

Note to non-EU students: learn about the 24-month Stayback Visa  here . 

Find out More

Programme Director Dr Christoph Kleefeld  T:   +353 91 542 870 E:  [email protected]

International Scholarships

International scholarships available

Postgraduate Scholarships

Other postgraduate scholarships available

Postgraduate Prospectus 2024 PDF (3.3MB)

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MSc in Medical Physics

About the Program

The Master of Science in Medical Physics combines in-depth knowledge and practical experience to educate and train qualified medical physicists in the areas of diagnostic imaging, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and radiation protection. The program aims at fulfilling the needs of the country for competent medical physics practitioners. Students will utilize modelling, computer simulation and experimental techniques as tools to analyze and understand different phenomena and processes. Graduates of the MSc will have acquired the advanced level of knowledge and experience to assume a career in hospitals, in industry and government, as well as continuing their studies to the Doctorate level.

To find out more about the scholarships offered by KU, please visit our scholarships page

Program Educational Objectives

The objectives of the MSc in Medical Physics program are to produce graduates who:

• Advance professionally and be recognized as leaders in their career.
• Apply their technical expertise to address the needs of society in critical, creative, ethical, and innovative manner.
• Further develop their knowledge and skills through graduate education and professional schools.

Learning Outcomes

MSc in Medical Physics graduates will be able to:

• Apply medical physics knowledge, including core medical physics concepts and topics relating to the methods and techniques of clinical practice and research for the prevention, diagnosis, and safe treatment of human disease.
• Solve medical physics problems individually and collaboratively involving the integration of knowledge including basic and applied physics, mathematics, biological and physics sciences; development of theoretical solutions; use of various concept representations, computational methods, simulations, and experimental tests.
• Demonstrate skills related to posing new questions and solving problems in research, clinical, and industrial settings, including problem solving, troubleshooting, experimental skills, coding and software use, data processing and analysis.
• Organize and communicate about scientific and technical concepts for different audiences and contexts using various and appropriate communication methods and modalities.
• Develop familiarity with basic workplace concepts, issues, practices, professional conduct, and life skills, including ethical conduct and actions that are required of medical physicists.

Career Opportunities in Medical Physics:

Medical Physics is an exciting and rapidly developing field, within which skilled professional are in high demand. Integrating physics, medicine and technology, medical physics is rich in opportunities for academic and clinical pursuit. KU’s master’s in medical physics program will offer career and research pathways for graduates in physical science, biophysics, biomedical engineering or equivalent, having substantial physics and mathematics components. The program will exploit student’s problem-solving abilities to critically evaluate and optimize the quality assurance of medical equipment.

The medical physics field encompasses an array of rewarding professions within which skill-shortage currently exist such as Radiation Oncology Physics, Medical Imaging Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics, Radiation Safety and Health Physics, regulatory divisions of non-hospital institutions, power generation corporations and R&D divisions of private companies. There is an immediate need for medical physicists in UAE due to the construction of new cancer treatment centers and expansion of existing radiation oncology and medical imaging facilities and services. The need is expected to grow significantly in future due to technological advancements in medical diagnostic and treatment machines. Similar demand and growth are expected worldwide.  A postgraduate qualification in medical physics is mandatory to become a certified practicing medical physicist in a developed country.

Some medical physicists conduct scientific research to answer previously unanswered questions by developing new techniques, tools and devices whereas others can pursue graduate studies and build careers in academia and government institutions.  Many medical physicists are also involved in training future medical physicists, resident physicians (radiologists and radiation oncologists) and radiation/imaging technologists who operate various types of equipment used to perform diagnosis and treatment.  Many medical physicists work with consulting firms or as private consultants for hospitals, clinician, healthcare industry and government institutions to regulate their radiation equipment usage.

For questions or additional information about the MSc in Medical Physics program, please contact:

• Phone: +971 2 312 4780
• Email: [email protected] 
• Phone: +971 2 312 4698
• Email: [email protected] 

Overall Program Structure

The MSc Medical Physics consists of a minimum 30 credit hours, distributed as follows: 21 credit hours of Program Core courses and 9 credit hours of master’s thesis. The components of the program are summarized in the table below:

Program Requirements

Students seeking the degree of MSc in Medical Physics must successfully complete 30 credit hours as specified in the program requirements detailed below, with a minimum CGPA of 3.0.

MEPH 699 Master’s Thesis (minimum 9 credit hours)

Students must complete a master’s thesis that involves creative, research-oriented work within the broad field of Medical Physics, under the direct supervision of a full-time medical physics faculty advisor and at least one other full-time faculty who acts as a co-advisor. The outcome of research should demonstrate the synthesis of information into knowledge in a form that may be used by others. The research findings must be documented in a formal thesis and defended successfully in a viva voice examination. Furthermore, the research should lead to publishable quality scholarly articles.

Typical full-time and part-time study plans for the MSc Medical Physics program are shown below.

Applicants seeking admission to a Master’s degree program at Khalifa University must meet the following minimum criteria in order for the application to be considered:

• Minimum level of English proficiency in the form of an iBT TOEFL (internet-based test) score of 91 or equivalent, an overall academic IELTS score of 6.5, or an EmSAT English score of 1550;
• Minimum quantitative score of 150 in the general Graduate Record Examination (GRE) for all programs, with the exception of Master of Engineering in Health, Safety and Environment Engineering and the Master of Arts in International and Civil Security, where a minimum threshold is not set. Applicants for all programs should attempt all three sections of the GRE.
• Statement of Purpose (500 – 1,000 words)
• Minimum of two referee recommendations
• Admission interview

In addition to the above requirements, applicants to the Master’s in Medical Physics program must meet the following requirements:

• Completed BSc degree in Physics (or equivalent) with a minimum Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of 3.0 out of 4.0 (75%), or equivalent, from an accredited institution.

Students with Bachelor’s degrees from other branches of science or engineering should take deficiency courses in physics (including Modern Physics, Quantum Physics and Instrumentation Physics) and Math (including Linear Algebra, Differential Equations and Statistics). Interested students from majors other than physics should complete all required physics and math courses before applying for admission

Students must consult with their respective advisors on the courses that they will enroll in, the required pre-requisites, and the thesis topic selection. Full-time graduate students must register for 9 to 12 credits, including thesis credits, during a regular semester (Fall and Spring) and a maximum of 6 credits during a Summer term. In the case of part-time students, the credit load is normally 6 credits during a regular semester as well as the summer term.

Students can only register for thesis credits after successfully completing a minimum of 9 credits of the core courses of the master’s program they are enrolled in. It is to be noted that the minimum pass grade for graduate courses is a “C” letter grade. Students should consult the Graduate Catalog to learn about the graduate programs, the grading system, graduation requirements, and other pertinent matters.

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Are you a UK or International Student?

Achieving medical excellence through technology, key course details.

Course Overview

If you are a student of engineering or physical sciences, our MSc Medical Radiation Physics degree, will give you the necessary theoretical knowledge and understanding of fundamental aspects of the use of radiation in medicine, to enhance your career prospects.

You’ll get clinical practice through hands-on instruction with equipment used routinely in the hospital setting, including state-of-the-art MRI and CT facilities, and medical linear accelerators, which will prepare you for research or clinical training in this rapidly changing field. You’ll also get tuition in computer-based modelling, research methodology and the ethical dimensions associated with medical research.

This degree is ideal preparation for Postgraduate research in medical physics technology and is also a pathway towards state registration as a clinical scientist.

Your course is accredited by the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM). IPEM is the professional body that works with physical science, engineering and clinical professionals in academia, healthcare services and industry in the UK, and supports clinical scientists and technologists in their practice through the provision and assessment of education and training.

Why Medical Radiation Physics at Swansea University?

• Top 5 for overall research quality (REF2021)
• Postgraduate students have access to facilities in the £100 million Institute of Life Science building
• Student placement available
• Strong links with industrial organisations
• Site visits available
• Clinical guest speakers
• Research projects with leading healthcare trusts

Your Medical Radiation Physics experience

From the moment you arrive at the Medical School, our specialist staff will help you plan and prepare for your future by identifying and developing skills that will enable you to make the most of your postgraduate degree and enhance your career options.

The close proximity of Swansea University to two of the largest NHS Trusts in the UK outside of London, as well Velindre NHS Trust (a strongly academic cancer treatment centre), offers you the opportunity for collaborative research through student placements.

Your course builds on the highly successful research partnerships between the Medical School and Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University (ABMU) Health Board, including the Institute of Life Science and Centre for NanoHealth initiatives, and ongoing work in Monte Carlo-based radiotherapy modelling and dosimeter development, body composition, tissue characterisation and novel modes of the detection of disease with state-of-the-art CT and MRI facilities.

Medical Radiation Physics employment opportunities

We aim to provide you with an increased knowledge and understanding of Medical Radiation Physics, and the skills and knowledge you need to apply your learning to professional practice.

As such, this Master’s degree will give you the in-depth knowledge of the field to potentially enhance your prospects for career progression.

Modules typically include: Physics of the body, Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Protection.  There are also optional modules you can study.

Students starting in September or January will study the same core modules as part of the programme. Dates for January intake to be confirmed.

MSc 1 Year Full-time - September

Year 1 (level 7t), fheq 7 taught masters / pgdip / pgcert, compulsory modules.

MSc 1 Year Full-time - January

MSc 2 Year Part-time

Year 2 (Level 7T)

MSc 3 Year Part-time

Year 3 (Level 7D)

Fheq 7 taught masters dissertation.

Entry Requirements

• Applicants should hold a 2:2 degree or equivalent in engineering or the physical sciences
• We welcome applications by prospective students from around the world and look for evidence of previous study that is equivalent to the entry requirements stated above. The Postgraduate Admissions Office are happy to advise you on whether your qualifications are suitable for entry to the course you would like to study. Please email [email protected]  for further information.
• IELTS: 6.5 (or Swansea University recognised equivalent)

A full list of acceptable English Language tests can be found at: English Language Requirements .

How You're Taught

Your face-to-face teaching on campus will be supplemented by radiation science laboratories, CT and MRI imaging system demonstrations, computer image processing and modelling laboratories (MATLAB). Throughout your degree the emphasis will be on practical as well as analytical skills.

We are proud to provide an outstanding educational experience, using the most effective learning and teaching approaches, carefully tailored to suit the specific needs of your course. Apart from a small number of online-only courses, most of our courses consist of in-person, on-campus teaching, enabling full engagement with your lecturers and fellow students.

Practical skills sessions, lab work seminars, and workshops predominantly take place in person, allowing for group working and demonstrations. We also operate virtual labs and Simulated Learning Environments which will facilitate greater access to training opportunities in the future. However, our approach also includes the use of some online learning to support and enhance traditional face-to-face teaching. 

Online learning may take place ‘live’ using software such as Zoom, allowing you to interact with the lecturer and other students and to ask questions. Lecture recordings also allow for more flexibility to revisit material, to revise for assessments and to enhance learning outside of the classroom. Some modules have extra resources in Canvas, such as videos, slides and quizzes enabling further flexible study.  

Welsh Provision

Some provision.

There are opportunities for Welsh speakers to study some elements of this postgraduate course through the medium of Welsh but there is not yet enough provision to reach 40 credits in each year. The Programme Director can outline to you what is available in Welsh.

Academi Hywel Teifi is here to support you throughout your time at Swansea University. We can offer you:

• Access to generous Welsh-language study  scholarships or bursaries .
• Access to the Arwain mobile app for the latest information about Welsh-medium courses and modules available to download free on the  App Store  and  Google Play .
• An interview through the medium of Welsh when applying for a place.
• Personal correspondence in Welsh, English or bilingually.
• The option to create and submit your coursework or sit exams through the medium of Welsh (even if you have chosen to study in English), and your work will be assessed in Welsh.
• A Welsh-speaking Personal Tutor.
• One-to-one support to improve your academic Welsh language skills.
• An opportunity to gain an additional free qualification that serves as evidence of your Welsh language ability for future employers.
• Membership of the Swansea University Branch of the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol.

Visit the Welsh Language Rights webpage for further information about Students' Welsh Language Rights.

Continuing to study through the medium of Welsh will be:

• a natural step for you if you have studied through the medium of Welsh at undergraduate level.
• a way of maximizing your chances of getting the best education.
• a way of receiving a high level of support as the study groups are smaller.
• a valuable addition to your CV and career development.

Professional Body Accreditation

This course is accredited by the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM). IPEM is the professional body that works with physical science, engineering and clinical professionals in academia, healthcare services and industry in the UK, and supports clinical scientists and technologists in their practice through the provision and assessment of education and training.

Please note that only the full MSc Medical Radiation Physics programme is accredited by the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM).  PG Dip or PG Cert are not accredited.

Meet Your Lecturers

Medical Radiation Physics students will be taught by a range of world leading researchers based at the Medical School, giving you unrivalled access to teaching on our latest medical research.

Principle teaching staff for the Medical Radiation Physics programmes are:

• Richard Hugtenburg (Programme Director)
• Jon Phillips
• Ihsan Affan
• Anna Seager 
• Cath Humphries
• Kate Bryant
• Simon Evans 

Tuition Fees

Msc 1 year full time.

MSc 2 Year Part Time

MSc 3 Year Part Time

PGDip 1 Year Full Time

PGCert 1 Year Full Time

Tuition fees for years of study after your first year are subject to an increase of 3%.

You can find further information of your fee costs on our tuition fees page .

You may be eligible for funding to help support your study. To find out about scholarships, bursaries and other funding opportunities that are available please visit the University's scholarships and bursaries page .

International students and part-time study: It may be possible for some students to study part-time under the Student Visa route. However, this is dependent on factors relating to the course and your individual situation. It may also be possible to study with us if you are already in the UK under a different visa category (e.g. Tier 1 or 2, PBS Dependant, ILR etc.). Please visit the University information on Visas and Immigration for further guidance and support.

Current students: You can find further information of your fee costs on our tuition fees page .

Funding and Scholarships

You may be eligible for funding to help support your study.

If you're a UK or EU student starting a master’s degree at Swansea University, you may be eligible to apply for Government funding to help towards the cost of your studies. To find out more, please visit our postgraduate loans page.

To find out about scholarships, bursaries and other funding opportunities that are available please visit the University's scholarships and bursaries page.

Academi Hywel Teifi at Swansea University and the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol offer a number of generous scholarships and bursaries for students who wish to study through the medium of Welsh or bilingually. For further information about the opportunities available to you, visit the Academi Hywel Teifi Scholarships and Bursaries page.

To find out about Medical School Scholarships that are available please visit the Medical School's Scholarship Page .

We also have a range of  Taught Master's Scholarships available.

Additional Costs

Access to your own digital device/the appropriate IT kit will be essential during your time studying at Swansea University. Access to wifi in your accommodation will also be essential to allow you to fully engage with your programme. See our dedicated webpages for further guidance on suitable devices to purchase, and for a full guide on getting your device set up .

You may face additional costs while at university, including (but not limited to):

• Travel to and from campus
• Printing, photocopying, binding, stationery and equipment costs (e.g. USB sticks)
• Purchase of books or texts
• Gowns for graduation ceremonies

Careers and Employability

Swansea Employability Academy (SEA) will support you at each stage of your career journey helping you build a bright future.

Our career support services include:

• Employability workshops, employers’ talks, bespoke events and careers fairs
• Individual advice and guidance from professionally qualified Careers Advisers
• Help with finding jobs, internships, work placements and volunteering opportunities
• Access to information resources on a wide range of career management topics
• Funding to support student internship opportunities and Student Society/Club events.

We also provide help and advice for Swansea University Alumni up to two years after you graduate.

Academic Support

As well as subject specific support by college teaching staff and your personal tutor, the Centre for Academic Success provides courses, workshops and one-to-one support in areas such as:

• Academic writing
• Maths and statistics
• Critical thinking
• Time management
• Digital skills
• Presentation skills
• Note taking
• Revision, memory and exam techniques
• English language skills (if English is not your first language).

In addition, if you have a Specific Learning Difficulty (SpLD), disability, mental health or medical condition, the Centre for Academic Success have Specialist Tutors to support your learning, working alongside the Disability Office and Wellbeing Service to support all your needs and requirements whilst studying at Swansea University.

Personal Academic Mentor:

You will be assigned an Academic Mentor from a pool of trained personnel drawn from academic staff in the Medical School, or possibly clinical staff from Health Boards for GEM and PA. 

Personal Academic Mentors are your first point of contact while studying at the Medical School and can provide assistance and guidance on a range of issues that may affect your wellbeing, attendance and educational progress. Personal Academic Mentors may also help with your personal development planning and careers advice. Your mentor may also direct you to Welfare and other support services as appropriate.

Medical School Information Office:

Our team of administrators and student information co-ordinators are on hand to support with your academic queries and signpost you to additional services where required. 

Please apply through the University’s central application system .

EU students - visa and immigration information is available and will be regularly updated on our information for EU students page.

Application Deadlines

We recommend that you submit your application to our courses as early as you can in advance of our application deadlines. Courses will close earlier than the application deadlines listed if all available places are filled. You can find further information on our Application Deadlines webpage.

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Medical Physics Research Papers/Topics

Generalized synchronization of regulate seizures dynamics in partial epilepsy with fractional-order derivatives.

Abstract: The dynamical behavior and the synchronization of epileptic seizure dynamics, with fractional-order derivatives, is studied in this paper. Knowing that the dynamical properties of ictal electroencephalogram signal recordings during experiments displays complex nonlinear behaviors, we analyze the system from chaos theory point of view. Based on stability analysis, the system presents three equilibrium points with two of them unstable. Moreover, the system reveals attractor points fr...

Evaluation of CT Brain Protocols, Image Quality and Radiation Dose

Abstract CT scan is one of the most valuable tools used in the centers of modern health care and are accompanied by radiation dose greater than that of the normal radiographic and must be therefore use carefully to protect patients from radiation. The aim of this study to compare between radiation dose and image quality and to compare between CT brain protocols and radiation dose . Random samples consist of 30 patients who underwent CT brain examination. The patients data registered(age, gend...

Sexual Behaviors of People Living with Hiv/Aids, Receiving Treatment at District Hospital Agbani, Enugu State.

ABSTRACT HIV/AIDS is still of major public health concern. With no vaccine in sight, it is only necessary to take a look at the sexual behaviors and practices of people living with HIV/AIDS. This study was to determine the sexual behaviors of people living with HIV attending ART clinic at District Hospital, Agbani, Nkanu-west local government area, Enugu state. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. A systematic random sampling method was used to select 321 participants. D...

Assessment of medical students’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards medical waste management in KIUTH in Bushenyi Uganda

TABLE OF CONTENTSDECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ iAPPROVAL: ................................................................................................................................. iiKEY DEFINITIONS; ................................................................................................................... vLIST OF ACRONYM: ....................................................

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Preterm Births in Uganda: A Case Study of Kiryandongo District Referral Hospital.

Table of ContentsDECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ iiAPPROVAL ..................................................................................................................................iiiACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................. ivDEDICATION.................................................................

To Assess the Knowledge of Danger Signs in Pregnancy Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Kampala International University -Teaching Hospital

ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was done on the Topic: Assessment of knowledge of Danger Signs among pregnant women attending ANC in KIU-TH). Pregnancy is a normal process that results in a series of both physiological and psychological changes in expectant mothers. However, normal pregnancy may be accompanied by some problems and complications which is potentially life-threatening to the mother and the fetus. Fraser et al (2003). Danger sign(s) is a term used to refer to a group of symptom...

Refined Sievert Integral for The Calculation of Dose Distribution Around the New Bebig Co-60 High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Source

ABSTRACT A very good reason why calculation of dose distribution is important is that it is essential to plan and replicate the treatment prior to the actual delivery of the radiation dose to the tumour. In modern radiation therapy, computer software is used for performing treatment planning. Different algorithms are employed at every stage of treatment including dose calculation algorithms. The dose calculation used for the HDRplus TPS is the TG43 formalism and just like every other TPS, th...

Comparative Studies on Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy: PrePlan and Real-Time Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Iodine-125 Seed Implants at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Brachytherapy is a term used to describe the short distance treatment of cancer with radiation from small, encapsulated radionuclide sources. This type of treatment is given by placing sources directly into or near the volume to be treated. The dose is then delivered continuously, either over a short period of time (temporary implants) or over the lifetime of the source to a complete decay (permanent implants). Most common brachytherapy sources emit ...

Assessment of Radiation Dose to Patients During Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (Spect) 99mtc-Sestamibi Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (Mpi) In Niamey- Niger.

ABSTRACT Radiation absorbed dose for patients undergoing myocardial perfusion has been calculated for technetium-99m Hexakis-2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl-isonitrile (99mTcSestamibi) at the Nuclear Medicine Department of Abdou Moumouni University. Thirty patients were scanned and image quantification was achieved using MedisoInterViewXP® software. An activity of370 MBq (10 mCi) of 99mTc-Sestamibi was administered for stress and 1110 MBq (30 mCi) for rest. A 256 x 1024 matrix size and a speed of ...

Sub-Chronic Effect of Co-Administration of Methformine and Amilodipine on Some Haematological Indices in Experimental Animal (Wistar Rats)

TABLE OF CONTENT Title page                                                                                                                   i Declaration                                                                                                                 ii C...

Estimation Of Contralateral Breast Dose For Tangential Breast Irradiation Using Gafchromic Film Ebt2

ABSTRACT The dose to the contralateral breast for tangential breast irradiation has been estimated using Gafchromic films EBT2. The data collected consisted of measurements taken with anthropomorphic female Rando phantom. The EBT2 films were scanned and read using ScanMaker 9800XL plus and ImageJ software. A calibration curve was constructed using fourth – order polynomial fit to the data and a calibration equation was obtained from the graph which was used to convert the grey values into ...

Quality Control And Dosimetry Of A Wooden Couch Top For Megavoltage External Beam Radiotherapy.

ABSTRACT  The purpose of this study was to determine an appropriate locally fabricated wood sample that could be used to replace the wire mesh incorporated at the treatment area of EBRT couch top to circumvent dose discrepancies associated with the sagging effect of the wire mesh as a result of prolonged use. Linear attenuation coefficient and transmission factor were determined at three stipulated field sizes (5cm x 5cm, 10cm x 10cm,15cm x 15cm) and two treatment depths of 0.5cm and 5cm fo...

The Effects Of Crystalloid Solutions On The Human Blood Coagulation System

ABSTRACT Crystalloid solutions are used in clinical practice for resuscitation and correction of electrolyte imbalances. However, up to 25% of individuals may develop dysfunctions of haemostasis following fluid infusions, complicating resuscitation and outcome. Studies on the effects of crystalloids solutions on human blood coagulation have produced conflicting results: either suggesting procoagulant effects or impaired coagulation. The mechanisms for these discrepant results remain unclear....

Assessment Of Mean Glandular Dose To Patients From Digital Mammography Systems

ABSTRACT Mean glandular dose assessment of patients undergoing digital mammography examination has been done. A total of 297 patient data was used for the study. Basic Quality Control tests were done to ascertain the performance of the equipment used. The results of Quality Control tests indicated that the three Mammography units used for this study were functioning within the internationally acceptable performance criteria. Patients with a breast thickness of 30 mm within the two age groups...

Comparison Of Treatment Indices Between Telecobalt Machine And Linear Accelerator-Based Treatment Plans For Selected Conformal Radiotherapy Cases

ABSTRACT The use of telecobalt machine in radiotherapy is of concern in developing countries where there is a limited resource. As such, the study was to ascertain if telecobalt (cobalt60) machine could be feasible to generate and deliver treatment plans with optimal treatment indices comparable to those of a linear accelerator (Linac). Retrospective DICOM-Radiotherapy images of patients earmarked for treatment of breast, prostate and lung cancer obtained from the European Society for Radiot...

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Physician-Scientist Training Program (PSTP)

The Stanford School of Medicine Physician-Scientist Training Program (PSTP) was established to provide medical students greater opportunities for engaging in biomedical research while taking the required coursework and clinical practice leading to the MD degree.

To enable that goal, a curriculum was created that embodies substantial periods free from formal classwork during the second and third academic years (see description of the “split” curriculum below). That format provides students with opportunities to engage in scholarly investigation and laboratory or clinical research within the medical school or on the university campus.

We believe that electing the combined academic/research opportunity provides students with a foundation for careers as physician investigators, a depleted but urgently needed phenotype. We have dubbed the program described above as the “Physician-Scientist Training Program (PSTP)” because throughout the period of studying and exploring, students will be guided and aided by faculty mentors committed to their progress and success.

• In the news:
• CZ Biohub Announces Physician-Scientist Fellowship Program
• $2.5 million Award to Support Physician-Scientist Training 
• AAMC National MD-PhD Program Outcomes Study

The Split Curriculum

The “Split Curriculum”.   While many American medical schools are decreasing the extent to which medical students study basic science, advances in molecular medicine, and research in general, Stanford created a curriculum – the “Split Curriculum”- that restores vigor to the basic courses and provides opportunities to engage in other scholarly activities available at Stanford University. An important feature of the split curriculum is to provide to students who aspire to careers as physician-scientists the opportunity and means for acquiring an in-depth research experience concurrently with the academic coursework required to become a doctor. Thus, the split curriculum permits students who have completed the first-year course work to use the unscheduled blocks of time in the ensuing years to pursue a research project while they complete the remaining preclinical course requirements. Students choosing to pursue research in the split curriculum can immerse themselves in challenging problems, follow the research wherever it leads, and, possibly, be a part of solving the problem they set for themselves.   Further, we believe that the concentrated focus on a challenging, longitudinal research project made possible by the split curriculum is more beneficial for gaining research experience than taking a gap year following completion of the preclinical coursework.

Students formally decide whether to split the curriculum at the end of their first year of medical school. Students who do so will begin their research during the Summer Quarter after their first year.   Splitting their remaining pre-clerkship curriculum amounts to 3 half days per week spent in classroom lectures or clinical activities (Mondays and Tuesdays in the second year, called “M2A”), Thursdays and Fridays in the third year (called “M2B”). The remaining 7 half days per week and summers are available for the student’s research project, as overseen by their selected research mentor. Funding is provided by Med Scholars, to ensure that no additional medical school debt accrues when spreading education and research over 5 years.

The split curriculum may appeal to medical school applicants and matriculated students who already have substantial research experience. However, students with only limited research experience but who have participated in summer research programs before applying to medical school are also strongly encouraged to consider research opportunities and to join the PSTP.   Any MD student who matriculates at Stanford is eligible to pursue the split curriculum, even if they choose not to participate in PSTP activities.

The 5-Year MD Program Timeline

Research training and career development for all PSTP students, regardless of pathway chosen, include :

• Significant, immersive research training for students who matriculate for 5 or more years, either as “splitters” or as gap year students
• Weekly lab meetings
• INDE 217 – Physician Scientist Hour (3 total units - 1 unit each for autumn, winter, and spring quarters)
• INDE 267 - Planning and Writing a Research Proposal (1 unit, winter quarter of first year of medical school)
• MED 255 – Responsible Conduct of Research (1 unit, available all quarters)
• Other coursework is tailored to a student’s chosen Scholarly Concentration
• Poster presentations at the annual Stanford Medical Student Symposium - Students will be expected to attend the Symposium during their first year, and present during their second or third year
• Annual research conferences in the discipline most closely associated with their lab research project
• A full day of career development topics bringing together MD-only medical students, MSTP students, research residents & fellows, and physician-scientist faculty
• “How to find a research mentor” programming led by the Associate Dean for Medical Research begins the summer prior to matriculation
• Quarterly meetings with PSTP director(s)
• Monthly Physician-Scientist Work-in-Progress (WIP) Seminars
• Stanford Women’s Association of Physician Scientists ( SWAPS ) quarterly events (organized together with MSTP)
• Preparation for application to research clinical residencies after graduation
• Student-led social events including, lunches, dinners, PSTP Happy Hour, and other gatherings
• Annual PSTP welcome barbecue

Physician-Scientist Opportunities

Stanford MD program students can pursue their interests in laboratory or biomedical informatics research as an integral part of their Stanford experience. Although many medical schools are decreasing medical students' exposure to basic science, molecular medicine, and research, Stanford has an attractive option for students who wish to pursue becoming physician-scientists. Stanford’s unique 5-year Discovery Curriculum  enables research-oriented students to complete their pre-clinical curriculum in three years instead of two years. The three year pre-clerkship schedule creates unscheduled blocks of time to pursue longitudinal research, early clinical experiences, and student wellness activities.

Students participating in a physician-scientist curriculum participate in laboratory or biomedical informatics research for 7 consecutive quarters beginning in the Summer Quarter after their first medical school year.  Funding is provided by the Medical Scholars Research Program  (Medscholars). This option may appeal to medical school applicants and matriculated students who already have substantial research experience. However, students with only limited research experience, but have participated in summer research programs before applying to medical school are also encouraged to consider research opportunities. 

The defining philosophy for our physician-scientist oriented curriculum is that students should immerse themselves in a longitudinal bench or biomedical informatics research project for 2 years. Students will start research the Summer Quarter after their first medical school year, then will “split” their remaining pre-clerkship curriculum, which amounts to only 3 half days per week spent in classroom lectures or clinical activities. The remaining 7 half days per week will be devoted to hypothesis-driven experiments in their research mentor’s lab. Three academic quarters have no coursework (two summer quarters and spring quarter of year 2).

PSTP Admissions

How does a prospective student seeking such an opportunity join PSTP? For students seeking admission to Stanford MD in 2022-2023, they can apply on the Stanford Secondary application. To facilitate the MD Committee on Admission’s ability to assess the applicant’s aptitude for, and interest in, pursuing the PSTP option, two additional essays are required. Applicants who are accepted into the MD program through the AMCAS portal are automatically accepted into the PSTP.

Applicants who apply through the traditional MD portal (e.g., who do not select the PSTP option in the application) and who are accepted for MD admission are also eligible to apply for the PSTP after matriculation. PSTP application following matriculation is not competitive, and we strongly encourage students to participate. Stanford PSTP’s guiding philosophy is simple – matriculate to Stanford and know that once you arrive, we will help you determine which of the many paths available will allow you to best reach your full potential as a physician-scientist.

PSTP Research Opportunities

Almost all PSTP students pursue one or more additional years of research, usually funded through the Medical Scholars Research Program  (Med Scholars). Deciding whether to pursue the “split curriculum” 5-year program, or add a full gap year for research, typically occurs in the first year of medical school. This is a highly individualized decision, made with guidance from the Associate Dean for Medical Research, research faculty, and advising deans. A subset of students will choose to apply for a longer, more focused training, either as Berg Scholars (6 years) or through the internal MSTP track (7+ years).

Research Residency Programs

Stanford University School of Medicine's Physician-Scientist Training Program (PSTP) serves as an umbrella program designed to integrate and maximize career development of physician-scientists across the career continuum. The program's goal is to increase the number and diversity of successful physician researchers in the U.S. workforce. The focus of the PSTP is on trainees participating in each of Stanford’s 14 individual Research Residency PSTPs (below) across the School of Medicine as well as the  Advanced Research Training at Stanford  (ARTS) and Translational Research and Applied Medicine (TRAM) programs. The ARTS program enables research residents and fellows to pursue PhD training as part of their postgraduate clinical training.  The TRAM program focuses on removing barriers and communication gaps between scientists and clinicians.

• FARM program
• Integrated Cardiothoracic Surgical Training Program
• ACLAM Residency
• Clinical Scholars Track
• ACCEL Program
• Translational Investigator Pathway
• Neuroscience Scholar Tracks
• Neurosurgery Research Programs  (Enfolded Clinical Fellowship and/or Basic/Clinical Research)
• SOAR Research Program
• Clinician-Scientist Training Program
• Physician-Scientist Scholars Program
• Physician Scientist Track
• Research Track
• Radiation Oncology

Other ways to be a part of the PSTP Community

Students who enter with substantial research experience (e.g., have already earned a PhD) are also encouraged to participate in PSTP activities but typically complete their MD studies in 4 years. Students who are concurrently enrolled in MS programs often participate in a subset of PSTP career development activities that complement their MS coursework.

FAQ and Additional Resources

Why train to become a Physician-Scientist?

Physician-scientists (PS) play central roles in the basic science discovery process, testing new diagnostics and therapeutics in clinics and hospitals, and delivery of discoveries to individual patients (or even large populations of patients) as practicing clinicians.  A physician scientist shortage already exists in the United States and is expected to worsen over the next decade. As a result, PS career opportunities in academia, government, world health, and industry will expand over time, offering the thrill of discovery and the flexibility to effectively combine both laboratory research and patient care. Finally, clinicians with training as physician-scientists who later focus primarily as caregivers benefit from rigorous research experiences and acquisition of foundational basic science skills.

How do I become a Physician-Scientist?

The most common route to become a physician-scientist is through research residencies and fellowships following MD/PhD training. Stanford PSTPs actively recruit from Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTPs) across the country, including our own MSTP. Stanford has an exceptional MSTP with over a 50 year history of sustained funding and successful trainee outcomes. Most trainees equate physician-scientist training with MD/PhD programs. However, there are many other potential paths to becoming a physician-scientist along the career continuum. Abundant examples exist of MD-only physician-scientists doing cutting-edge, NIH-funded basic research. These individuals often became interested in research during a short medical school research experience, later receiving more intensive research training as part of a clinical or research fellowship prior to starting their academic careers.  Many Stanford medical students “try out” research for the first time in medical school through the Medical Scholars Research Program . For these students, this is when the “research bug” is caught. They then choose to take advantage of the 3-year pre-clerkship curriculum for Physician-Scientists.

Alternatively, Stanford medical students may choose to take 1 or more gap years to study deeper research questions or to pursue advanced degrees in various disciplines. Other Stanford medical students arrive on campus with substantial research experience already and continue to pursue their goals as MD-only physician-scientists. Still other Stanford medical school graduates will become “late bloomers” who choose to pursue research as a career during residency or fellowship training, in “research residencies” or “short-track residencies”. Some late bloomers even choose to pursue a PhD during clinical training through the Advanced Residency Training at Stanford (ARTS) program.

What opportunities can I pursue?

Students may choose to continue research training after graduation by matching to research residencies at Stanford or elsewhere. A database of research residencies can be found on the American Physician Scientist Association (APSA) website. The Burroughs Wellcome Fund has established a Physician Scientist Institutional Award to fund 10 centers in North America that promote physician scientist careers. Stanford University is one of the 10 institutions.

Stanford's goal for MD program students who wish to pursue physician-scientist careers is to provide trainees with foundational skills that will enable them to succeed. A subset of Stanford MD program students will apply to the  Berg Scholars Program  to pursue an MS in Medicine in Biomedical Investigation or apply for participation in  MSTP  to pursue a PhD.

Why choose Stanford?

Stanford currently offers 14 different research residency programs across a wide variety of different disciplines. Each residency offers discipline-specific curricula, individualized mentoring, and career development opportunities. An umbrella PSTP through Stanford Medicine has been created to develop cross-disciplinary career development opportunities, including a full day PSTP Symposium that is open to all research residents and fellows, MSTP and Berg Scholars students, and junior faculty. Stanford’s umbrella PSTP is partially funded by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and is in the process of linking to a national PSTP consortium. Stanford’s commitment to developing physician scientists from medical school up through faculty is one of the best reasons to choose Stanford.

For medical students, Stanford has specifically designed flexibility in our curriculum to increase the number of medical students who wish to pursue careers in laboratory or biomedical informatics research areas.

Our philosophy is that MD program students should immerse themselves in a longitudinal bench or biomedical informatics research project for 2 years.  The Discovery Curriculum's pathways allow students to start research the summer after their first medical school year, "spliting" their remaining pre-clerkship curriculum.  Their schedule has 3 half days per week spent in classroom lectures or clinical activities. The remaining 7 half days per week are devoted to hypothesis-driven experiments in their research mentor’s lab. Three academic quarters have no coursework (two summer quarters and the spring quarter of year 2) in order for students to devote themselves to biomedical investigation.

Mentoring and Training Opportunities

Stanford also strives to provide “near peer” mentoring and training opportunities for the following educational levels:

• Residents and Fellows
• Residency & Fellowship Programs
• Medical Students
• Berg Scholars Program
• Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP)
• Stanford Women Association of Physician Scientists (SWAPS)
• Undergraduates
• SSRP-Amgen Scholars Program
• High Schools
• Stanford Institutes of Medicine Summer Research Program (SIMR)
• Stanford Medical Youth Science Program (SMYSP)

For inquiries about our program, please contact:

[email protected]

updated August 2022

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• Radiotherapy
• Research update

Could targeted alpha therapy help treat Alzheimer’s disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatment options. The causes of Alzheimer’s are complex and not entirely understood. It is commonly thought, however, that the build-up of amyloid-beta plaques and tangles of tau proteins in the brain leads to nerve cell death and dementia. A team at the University of Utah is investigating a new way to use radiation to reduce such deposits and potentially alleviate Alzheimer’s symptoms.

Developing a therapy for Alzheimer’s disease is a key goal for many researchers. One recent study, for example, showed evidence that reducing amyloid-beta plaques with a newly approved antibody-based drug improved cognition in patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s. Alongside, scientists are studying non-pharmacological approaches such as whole-brain, low-dose ionizing radiation, which has been shown to break up plaques in mice and exhibited a positive cognitive effect in preliminary clinical studies.

While promising, whole-brain irradiation unavoidably delivers radiation dose to healthy tissues. Instead, the University of Utah team is exploring the potential of targeted alpha therapy (TAT) to reduce amyloid plaque concentrations while minimizing damage to healthy tissue and the associated side effects.

“Our goal was to build on these studies and, as opposed to irradiating the whole brain, target the plaques specifically,” explains lead author Tara Mastren . “TAT could have potential benefits compared to the current antibody treatment, as much smaller doses are required to achieve an effect. Currently, it is hard to say if it will be better as this is new territory and studies need to be done to prove that.”

Targeted irradiation

TAT works by delivering an alpha particle-emitting radionuclide directly to a target, where it releases energy into its immediate surroundings. As alpha particles only travel a few micrometres in tissue, they deliver a highly localized dose. The approach has already proved effective for treating metastatic cancers, and the Utah team postulated that it could also be used to break bonds within amyloid-beta aggregates and facilitate plaque clearance.

To perform TAT, Mastren and colleagues synthesized a compound called BPy (a benzofuran pyridyl derivative) that targets amyloid-beta plaques. They linked BPy to the radionuclide bismuth-213 ( 213 Bi), which has a short half-life of 46 min and decays by emitting a single alpha particle, thereby creating [ 213 Bi]-BiBPy.

To examine whether TAT could reduce amyloid-beta concentrations, the researchers incubated [ 213 Bi]-BiBPy with homogenates created from the brain tissue of mice genetically modified to develop amyloid plaques. After 24 h, they measured the concentration of amyloid-beta in the samples using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Both analysis methods revealed a significant, dose-dependent reduction in amyloid-beta following incubation with [ 213 Bi]-BiBPy, with plaque reduced to below the detection limits. Incubating the brain homogenate with free 213 Bi also reduced levels of amyloid-beta, but to a significantly lesser extent. Other proteins in the homogenate were not affected, suggesting a lack of off-target damage.

The team found that a dose of 0.01488 MBq per picogram of amyloid beta was required to reduce amyloid by 50% in vitro. Mastren notes that this finding must now be investigated in vivo , as biological processes in a living brain differ from those in postmortem tissue. “However, this value gives a starting point for our in vivo studies,” she adds.

To confirm the targeted binding of [ 213 Bi]-BiBPy, the researchers also examined 10 µm-thick brain tissue sections from the mice. They stained the sections with a fluorescent BPy probe (fluorescein-functionalized) and with thioflavin-S, an amyloid stain. Thioflavin-S revealed a dense presence of plaques, particularly in the cortex. The fluorescent BPy probe also stained plaques in the cortex, but less intensely and with more off-site binding. This finding highlights the need to investigate alternative targeting vectors to reduce white-matter binding.

Cryo-electron tomography reveals structure of Alzheimer’s plaques and tangles in the brain

The researchers conclude that TAT can significantly reduce amyloid-beta aggregates in vitro , paving the way for studies in live animals and eventually in humans. As such, they plan to start in vivo testing of TAT later this year.

“Initially, we will be looking at the biodistribution, ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, immune response to treatment and effects on plaque concentrations,” says Mastren. “If successful, we hope to follow up with testing cognitive response to treatment.”

The research is described in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine .

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Extreme rainfall event study demonstrates improved forecasting via physics-guided machine learning

by Science China Press

A research team focused on the extreme rainfall event of "21·7" in Henan in 2021. By analyzing anomalous physical characteristics and understanding multi-model forecast biases, they significantly enhanced the accuracy of precipitation intensity forecasts. This improvement was achieved by incorporating optimization metrics and constraints better suited to the physical and data characteristics of precipitation into the neural network loss function.

Specifically, by utilizing the non-differentiable multi-threshold TS mean as the loss function and BIAS as the constraint, the research team optimized model parameters using a multi-objective optimization immune evolutionary algorithm. This approach achieved significant results in both the near real-time rolling correction of the "21·7" extreme rainfall event forecast and the correction based on long-term historical precipitation sequences.

The model, through learning the relationship between anomalous physical characteristics and heavy precipitation, significantly improved the intensity of precipitation forecasts. However, adjusting the precipitation distribution proved challenging and often resulted in substantial false alarms. This is due to the large-scale information contained in the stable anomalous circulation and physical characteristics during extreme rainfall events, which aligns with the model's precipitation biases, coupled with the scarcity of extreme rainfall samples, leading to the use of algorithms with lower complexity.

By employing machine learning to integrate multiple precipitation forecasts, the potential exists to extract the advantages of the detailed structures in each forecast, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of precipitation distribution forecasts. However, the enhancement in precipitation intensity remains limited. Integrating "good and different" multi-model forecasts with appropriate anomalous features can achieve a comprehensive adjustment of both precipitation distribution and intensity.

Future research should focus on how to fully utilize multi-source observations from satellites, radars, and other instruments to understand the bias characteristics and physical causes of multi-model precipitation forecasts. It is worth exploring the introduction of higher-dimensional multi-model features and anomalous physical characteristics closely related to heavy precipitation.

Developing network models that comprehensively represent multi-model information and anomalous features, thereby achieving a deep integration of physical and intelligent technologies, is a crucial direction for enhancing heavy precipitation forecasting in the future.

The paper is published in the journal Science China Earth Sciences . This study was led by Professor Qi Zhong and Professor Xiuping Yao from the China Meteorological Administration Training Center, and Assistant Engineer Zhicha Zhang from the Zhejiang Meteorological Observatory, along with other research team members.

Journal information: Science China Earth Sciences

Provided by Science China Press

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Evaluation of climate policy measures over two decades finds many have failed to achieve necessary emissions reductions

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