techniques in UAE classrooms: A thesis in teaching English to speakers of other languages
| : master's thesis |
| : American University of Sharjah |
| : Sharjah, United Arab Emirates |
Document Example:
Proper Bibliographic Reference Format:
- Bibliographic references are double-spaced and indented half an inch after the first line.
- Use italics and "sentence-style" capitalization for dissertation / thesis titles.
- Identify the work as a doctoral dissertation / master’s thesis in parentheses after the title.
Sabbagh, S. A. (2009). Investigating oral presentation skills and non-verbal communication techniques in UAE classrooms: A thesis in teaching English to speakers of other languages (master’s thesis). American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
In-Text Citations:
Citations are placed in the context of discussion using the author’s last name and date of publication.
(Sabbagh, 2009)
Alternatively, you can integrate the citation into the sentence by means of narrative.
Sabbagh (2009) compares a variety of oral presentation techniques.
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- Print version of Disseration Citation Guide
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APA 7th Edition Citation Examples
- Volume and Issue Numbers
- Page Numbers
- Undated Sources
- Citing a Source Within a Source
- In-Text Citations
- Academic Journals
- Encyclopedia Articles
- Book, Film, and Product Reviews
- Online Classroom Materials
- Conference Papers
- Technical + Research Reports
- Court Decisions
- Treaties and Other International Agreements
- Federal Regulations: I. The Code of Federal Regulations
- Federal Regulations: II. The Federal Register
- Executive Orders
- Charter of the United Nations
- Federal Statutes
Format for dissertations and theses
Dissertations and theses database.
- Interviews, E-mail Messages + Other Personal Communications
- Social Media
- Business Sources
- PowerPoints
- AI: ChatGPT, etc.
Author last name, first initial. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis (Publication No.) [Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis, University]. Database. URL
- Author: List the last name, followed by the first initial (and second initial). See Authors for more information.
- Year: List the year between parentheses, followed by a period.
- Title of dissertation/thesis: In italics. Capitalize the first word of the title, subtitle, and proper nouns.
- Publication number: Can be found in Dissertations and Theses database, listed in the item record as “Dissertation/thesis number.”
- Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis: List whether it is a dissertation or a thesis.
- University: List the university associated with the dissertation/thesis.
- Database: List database the dissertation/thesis was found in, if found in a database.
- URL: List URL if found on the free Web rather than in a database.
See specific examples below.
Dissertations:
Pecore, J. T. (2004). Sounding the spirit of Cambodia: The living tradition of Khmer music and dance-drama in a Washington, DC community (Publication No. 3114720) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
Master's Theses:
Hollander, M. M. (2017). Resitance to authority: Methodological innovations and new lessons from the Milgram experiment (Publication No. 10289373) [Master's thesis, University of Wisconsin - Madison]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
APA calls for the citation to include a unique identifying number for the dissertation, labeling it “Publication No.” That number can be found in Dissertations and Theses database, listed in the item record as “Dissertation/thesis number.”
Karamanos, X. (2020). The influence of professional development models on student mathematics performance in New Jersey public elementary schools [Doctoral dissertation, Seton Hall University]. Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs). https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2732
Bordo, V. C. (2011). Making a case for the use of foreign language in the educational activities of nonprofit arts organizations [Master's thesis, University of Akron]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses & Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1311135640
Caprette, C. L. (2005). Conquering the cold shudder: The origin and evolution of snake eyes [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University].
Angelova, A. N. (2004). Data pruning [Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology].
See Publication Manual , 10.6.
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APA Sample Paper
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Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication). These differences mostly extend to the title page and running head. Crucially, citation practices do not differ between the two styles of paper.
However, for your convenience, we have provided two versions of our APA 7 sample paper below: one in student style and one in professional style.
Note: For accessibility purposes, we have used "Track Changes" to make comments along the margins of these samples. Those authored by [AF] denote explanations of formatting and [AWC] denote directions for writing and citing in APA 7.
APA 7 Student Paper:
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Citation guides
All you need to know about citations
How to cite a master's thesis in APA
To cite a master's thesis in a reference entry in APA style 6th edition include the following elements:
- Author(s) of the thesis: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to seven authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For eight or more authors include the first six names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
- Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
- Title of the master's thesis: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
- URL: Give the full URL where the document can be retrieved from.
Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a master's thesis in APA style 6th edition:
Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the master's thesis (Master's thesis). Retrieved from URL
If the thesis is available from a database, archive or any online platform use the following template:
- Author(s) of the thesis: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
- Title of the Master's thesis: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
- Publication number: Give the identification number of the thesis, if available.
- Name of the degree awarding institution: Give the name of the institution.
- Name of Platform: Give the name of the database, archive or any platform that holds the thesis.
- URL: If the thesis was found on a database, omit this element.
Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a master's thesis in APA style 7th edition:
Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the Master's thesis ( Publication number ) [Master's thesis, Name of the degree awarding institution ]. Name of Platform . URL
If the thesis has not been published or is available from a database use the following template:
- Location: Give the location of the institution. If outside the United States also include the country name.
Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the master's thesis (Unpublished master's thesis). Name of the degree awarding institution , Location .
If the thesis is not published, use the following template:
Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the master's thesis [Unpublished master's thesis]. Name of the degree awarding institution .
APA reference list examples
Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the APA style guidelines for a master's thesis citation in action:
A master's thesis found in an online platform
Bauger, L . ( 2011 ). Personality, passion, self-esteem and psychological well-being among junior elite athletes in Norway ( Master's Thesis ). Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/29a9/ef96c34e577211246b83b11813a2585033c5.pdf
Bauger, L . ( 2011 ). Personality, passion, self-esteem and psychological well-being among junior elite athletes in Norway [ Master's Thesis , University of Tromsø ]. Semantic Scholar . https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/29a9/ef96c34e577211246b83b11813a2585033c5.pdf
An unpublished master's thesis
Aube, K. E . ( 2019 ). A comparison of water main failure prediction models in San Luis Obispo, CA ( Unpublished master's thesis ). Cal Poly , San Luis Obispo, CA .
Aube, K. E . ( 2019 ). A comparison of water main failure prediction models in San Luis Obispo, CA [ Unpublished master's thesis ]. Cal Poly .
This citation style guide is based on the official Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6 th edition).
More useful guides
- APA Referencing: Theses
- Citation Help for APA: Master's Thesis or Project
- APA Thesis, dissertation or exegesis?
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APA Thesis Statement
Ai generator.
Crafting a compelling thesis statement is at the heart of any impactful research. When adhering to APA guidelines, striking the right balance between clarity, precision, and engagement becomes paramount. Delve into a curated collection of APA thesis statement examples, gain insights from a structured guide on how to write them, and arm yourself with practical tips to refine your craft. Embark on this academic journey, and elevate the essence of your research.
What is the APA Thesis Statement? – Definition
The APA thesis statement refers to a clear, concise sentence or two in an academic paper that presents the main point or argument of the paper. Though the American Psychological Association (APA) provides guidelines for the entire paper, it doesn’t specify a unique format for the concise thesis statement . However, the thesis in an APA-style paper should follow standard conventions: be specific, assertive, and positioned at the end of the introduction section.
What is an Example of an APA Thesis Statement?
“In examining the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, this study demonstrates that reduced hours of sleep lead to significant declines in attention span and memory recall among college students.”
This example follows APA conventions in its clarity and specificity, positioning the reader for the detailed research that follows.
100 APA Thesis Statement Examples
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An APA thesis statement succinctly encapsulates the main idea or argument in a research paper. Following APA guidelines, it is typically located at the end of the introductory section and should be clear, concise, and specific. To help you understand the diverse ways a specific thesis statement can be presented, here are 100 unique examples, categorized by their respective research topics.
- Mental Health : “The study aims to explore the correlation between social media usage and increased levels of anxiety among teenagers.”
- Climate Change : “This research investigates the direct impact of carbon emissions on global warming trends over the last two decades.”
- Child Development : “Attachment styles in early childhood have significant long-term impacts on social and emotional well-being.”
- Technology in Education : “The incorporation of digital tools in classrooms enhances interactive learning but also poses distractions.”
- Corporate Social Responsibility : “Companies with robust CSR programs witness higher employee satisfaction and increased brand loyalty.”
- Healthcare Policy : “Universal healthcare, while costly, is essential for creating a more equitable society.”
- Artificial Intelligence : “The growing integration of AI in healthcare promises efficiency but also raises ethical concerns.”
- Nutrition : “Plant-based diets contribute to higher energy levels and lower rates of chronic disease.”
- Online Privacy : “The erosion of online privacy is directly correlated with the rise in identity theft cases.”
- Immigration : “The economic contributions of immigrants outweigh the initial costs of their integration into American society.”
- Cybersecurity : “Small businesses are disproportionately affected by cyberattacks due to a lack of robust security measures.”
- Gun Control : “Stricter gun control laws have a direct impact on reducing instances of mass shootings.”
- Telemedicine : “The rise of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has improved healthcare accessibility but exposed digital divide issues.”
- Animal Rights : “Animal testing for cosmetics is both ethically and scientifically outdated.”
- Literature and Gender : “The portrayal of women in 19th-century literature reflects the societal norms of their time, not their actual potential.”
- Urban Planning : “Green spaces in urban settings contribute to improved mental health among residents.”
- Political Polarization : “Social media algorithms contribute to the deepening of political polarization in America.”
- Renewable Energy : “Investment in renewable energy sources is more cost-effective in the long run than continuing to rely on fossil fuels.”
- Obesity : “The rise in childhood obesity is strongly linked with the decline in physical activity in schools.”
- Feminism : “Third-wave feminism has broadened the scope of feminist discourse but also led to internal divisions.
- Virtual Reality : “The adoption of virtual reality in education increases engagement, but questions of equitable access remain.”
- Space Exploration : “The quest for Mars colonization reveals more about humanity’s survival instincts than our desire for discovery.”
- Gig Economy : “While the gig economy offers flexibility, it often sacrifices workers’ rights and benefits.”
- Bioethics : “CRISPR gene editing, while revolutionary, raises profound ethical issues about human evolution.”
- Cultural Appropriation : “Borrowing elements from cultures, without understanding or respect, contributes to societal division.”
- Ancient Civilizations : “The fall of the Roman Empire can be attributed as much to internal corruption as to external invasion.”
- Modern Architecture : “Sustainable architectural practices are not just environmentally responsible but also cost-efficient in the long run.”
- Euthanasia : “The right to die, with dignity, should be considered a fundamental human right, albeit with strong safeguards.”
- Organic Farming : “Organic farming, while more labor-intensive, yields healthier produce and sustains soil health.”
- Financial Literacy : “Introducing financial literacy in school curricula can significantly reduce future personal debt crises.”
- Quantum Computing : “The advent of quantum computing promises to revolutionize industries but also threatens current cryptographic methods.”
- Colonial Histories : “The lasting impacts of British colonialism are evident in modern-day economic and cultural disparities across former colonies.”
- Meditation and Health : “Regular meditation not only reduces stress but can significantly improve cognitive abilities.”
- Consumer Behavior : “Brands promoting sustainable practices witness a rise in millennial and Gen Z patronage.”
- Performance Arts : “Modern theatre, in its digital adaptations, maintains its essence but risks losing intimate audience connection.”
- Language Evolution : “The growth of internet slang accelerates the evolution of languages, but at the cost of linguistic purity.”
- Antibiotic Resistance : “Overprescription of antibiotics in healthcare has accelerated the emergence of resistant bacterial strains.”
- Holocaust Studies : “Denial of the Holocaust not only distorts history but also fuels hate ideologies.”
- Dystopian Literature : “Dystopian novels of the 21st century reflect growing societal concerns about technology overpowering humanity.”
- Ocean Pollution : “Plastic pollution in the oceans is not only a marine life hazard but also enters the human food chain through seafood.”
- Digital Currencies : “Cryptocurrencies, while volatile, represent a significant shift in financial systems and decentralization.”
- Aging Population : “An aging global population presents challenges in healthcare provision but also offers economic opportunities.”
- Youth Activism : “Modern youth activism, amplified by social media, has reshaped political discourse but also confronts online polarization.”
- E-learning : “E-learning offers accessibility and customization in education, but the lack of social interaction is a significant drawback.”
- Museum Studies : “Digital exhibits in museums enhance reach but challenge traditional conceptions of artifact authenticity.”
- Terrorism : “The root causes of global terrorism are as much socio-economic as they are religious or political.”
- Wearable Tech : “Wearable health tech promises better patient monitoring but also raises concerns about data privacy.”
- Human Rights : “The global rise in authoritarian regimes challenges the universality of human rights principles.”
- Robotics : “The integration of robotics in industries increases efficiency but also exacerbates unemployment concerns.”
- Fashion Industry : “The fashion industry’s shift towards sustainability is driven by consumer demand more than environmental concerns.”
- Tourism : “Ecotourism, while beneficial for local economies, requires strict regulation to prevent ecosystem damage.”
- Public Transportation : “Investments in public transportation not only reduce urban congestion but also contribute to a decline in carbon emissions.”
- Alternative Medicine : “Alternative medicine practices, when integrated with conventional treatment, can lead to holistic patient care.”
- Biodiversity : “The loss of biodiversity due to human activities threatens not just ecosystems but also global food security.”
- Blockchain : “The blockchain, beyond cryptocurrencies, has the potential to revolutionize supply chains and voting systems.”
- Mental Wellness : “Workplace environments that prioritize mental wellness report higher productivity and lower attrition rates.”
- Video Gaming : “Video gaming can enhance cognitive abilities but can also lead to addictive behaviors if unchecked.”
- Astronomy : “The study of exoplanets not only fuels interstellar travel ambitions but also broadens our understanding of life.”
- Public Health : “Vaccination, beyond preventing diseases, plays a crucial role in maintaining global health security.”
- Music Therapy : “Music therapy offers significant benefits in treating anxiety and depression without relying on medication.”
- Animal Behavior : “Observing animal behavior in the wild, as opposed to captivity, offers more authentic insights into species characteristics.”
- Nanotechnology : “The application of nanotechnology in medicine can revolutionize drug delivery and tissue repair.”
- Gender Studies : “Gender fluidity challenges traditional binaries and requires a rethinking of societal norms and structures.”
- Urban Farming : “Urban farming initiatives not only address food security but also enhance community bonding.”
- Space Tourism : “While space tourism promises a new frontier for the wealthy, it poses significant ethical and environmental challenges.”
- Child Psychology : “Exposure to screen time at early ages can affect cognitive development and attention spans in children.”
- Modern Sculpture : “Sculpture in the digital age challenges traditional materials and embraces transient, dynamic forms.”
- Neuroscience : “Neuroplasticity studies reveal the brain’s capacity for change and adaptation at any age.”
- Historiography : “Post-colonial historiography is essential in challenging and rectifying biased historical narratives.”
- Cyberbullying : “Cyberbullying has psychological impacts as severe as traditional bullying and requires comprehensive educational interventions.”
- Astrophysics : “Dark matter, while elusive, plays a pivotal role in the universe’s structure and expansion.”
- Sociolinguistics : “Regional dialects and accents play a significant role in shaping individual identities and cultural affiliations.”
- Clean Energy : “Transitioning to clean energy not only addresses climate change but also promises economic opportunities in green sectors.”
- Photojournalism : “Modern photojournalism, in the age of deep fakes, requires stringent verification processes to maintain credibility.”
- Marine Biology : “Coral reef degradation has cascading impacts on marine biodiversity and human livelihoods.”
- Financial Markets : “Global financial market stability is increasingly vulnerable to geopolitical events and requires multi-lateral safeguarding mechanisms.”
- Zoology : “Cross-species disease transmission, such as in the case of zoonotic diseases, emphasizes the importance of wildlife conservation.”
- Social Media Trends : “Viral challenges on social media, while popular, often sideline concerns of safety and mental well-being.”
- Cosmology : “Understanding the Big Bang Theory is fundamental to exploring the universe’s origins and its eventual fate.”
- Criminal Psychology : “Profiling serial offenders relies heavily on understanding patterns and the psychological triggers of criminal behavior.”
- Classical Music : “The revival of classical music in modern culture is driven by digital access and evolving interpretations.”
- Forensic Science : “DNA evidence, while revolutionary, requires stringent collection and preservation protocols to prevent miscarriages of justice.”
- Sports Medicine : “Concussions in contact sports have long-term neurological impacts that require comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies.”
- Veterinary Medicine : “The rise of pet-specific therapies reflects the evolving understanding of animal emotions and needs.”
- Epidemiology : “Pandemic preparedness, beyond medical interventions, requires global cooperation and information transparency.”
- Dance Therapy : “Dance therapy offers unique pathways to physical and emotional healing by bridging movement and emotion.”
- Archaeology : “Recent underwater archaeological discoveries challenge traditional timelines of ancient civilizations.”
- Behavioral Economics : “Consumer decisions are influenced more by emotional factors than rational cost-benefit analyses.”
- Environmental Law : “Enforcing stringent environmental laws is imperative in the face of corporate pushback and lobbying.”
- Bioinformatics : “Bioinformatics tools have accelerated drug discovery processes, making personalized medicine a tangible reality.”
- Endangered Languages : “Preserving endangered languages is crucial for maintaining cultural diversity and global heritage.”
- Paleontology : “Recent dinosaur fossil discoveries challenge traditional classifications and evolutionary timelines.”
- Ornithology : “Urban bird species demonstrate remarkable adaptability and play a crucial role in local ecosystems.”
- Entomology : “The decline in global bee populations threatens food security and underscores the importance of insect conservation.”
- Data Privacy : “As smart home devices proliferate, concerns about data privacy and security become paramount.”
- Digital Marketing : “Consumer trust in brands is heavily influenced by transparent and ethical digital marketing practices.”
- Philanthropy : “Modern philanthropy is shifting towards sustainable community-building rather than mere monetary donations.”
- Ethnography : “Modern ethnographic studies emphasize participatory observation to gain authentic cultural insights.”
- Pharmacology : “The opioid crisis highlights the need for balanced pharmacological interventions and patient education.”
- Aerodynamics : “The shift towards electric aircraft demands innovations in aerodynamic designs to ensure energy efficiency.
APA Thesis Statement Examples for Annotated Bibliography
Annotated bibliographies offer a synthesis of sources, and the thesis statement helps anchor the main theme being explored. These examples encapsulate focused arguments for diverse annotated bibliographies.
- Evolution Theories : “This annotated bibliography delves into various theories of evolution, highlighting contrasting viewpoints and supporting evidence.”
- Modern Poetry : “The compilation reviews poets of the 21st century, exploring themes of identity, politics, and nature in their works.”
- Nuclear Energy : “This bibliography examines the pros and cons of nuclear energy, focusing on its environmental impacts and potential as an alternative fuel source.”
- Child Nutrition : “Exploring global perspectives on child nutrition, this bibliography evaluates the influence of cultural, economic, and social factors.”
- Elderly Care Models : “This collection provides insights into various elderly care models, highlighting their effectiveness and areas of improvement.”
- Quantum Physics Discoveries : “The bibliography collates groundbreaking studies in quantum physics, detailing their implications on our understanding of the universe.”
- Postmodern Literature : “This annotated list delves into the characteristics and major works of postmodern literature, exploring its departure from traditional narratives.”
- Human-AI Interaction : “The bibliography evaluates the rapidly evolving dynamics of human-AI interactions, focusing on ethical, practical, and psychological aspects.”
- Sustainable Farming : “This collection assesses sustainable farming techniques worldwide, emphasizing their environmental and economic impacts.”
- Space Exploration Milestones : “The bibliography chronicles major milestones in space exploration, shedding light on achievements, challenges, and future prospects.”
APA Thesis Statement Examples for Research Paper
These necessitate a clear and focused thesis statement for research paper to guide the direction of study. These examples showcase distinct arguments suited for comprehensive exploration.
- VR in Healthcare : “Virtual reality’s integration in healthcare settings has revolutionized patient therapy and medical training.”
- Microplastics Impact : “Microplastics in our oceans pose a substantial threat to marine life and subsequently human health.”
- Teacher Burnout : “The increasing rates of teacher burnout demand systemic educational reforms and enhanced institutional support.”
- Economic Inequality : “Rising economic inequality in developed nations has roots in policy decisions, technological shifts, and globalization.”
- Solar Power Advancements : “Recent advancements in solar power technology position it as a front-runner in sustainable energy solutions.”
- Genetic Memory : “Exploring the concept of genetic memory challenges traditional understandings of inheritance and human experience.”
- Telecommuting Trends : “The rise of telecommuting reshapes urban planning needs, corporate structures, and work-life balances.”
- Bilingualism Benefits : “Bilingualism, beyond linguistic advantages, offers cognitive, social, and cultural benefits.”
- Artificial Meat : “The development of lab-grown meat could revolutionize the food industry, offering environmental and ethical solutions.”
- Psychedelic Therapy : “The controlled use of psychedelics holds promising potential for treating various mental health disorders.”
APA Style Thesis Statement Examples
APA style thesis statements emphasize clarity, precision, and a formal tone. These examples embody these principles while presenting a clear argument.
- Mental Health Apps : “Mobile applications dedicated to mental health offer potential benefits but raise concerns regarding data privacy and efficacy.”
- Urban Green Spaces : “Urban green spaces are not mere aesthetic additions; they significantly contribute to community well-being and environmental health.”
- E-sports Popularity : “The exponential growth of e-sports hinges on technological advancements, cultural shifts, and its commercial viability.”
- Language Acquisition : “The critical period hypothesis in language acquisition highlights the innate human capacity for linguistic adaptability.”
- Antibiotic Resistance : “The global health threat of antibiotic resistance mandates urgent research into alternative treatment modalities.”
- Blockchain in Banking : “The integration of blockchain in banking could redefine transparency, security, and transaction efficiency.”
- Cognitive Load Theory : “Cognitive Load Theory offers vital insights for educational strategies, emphasizing the optimization of working memory.”
- Exoplanet Exploration : “The search for exoplanets illuminates possibilities of extraterrestrial life and potential future human colonization.”
- Gender Representation in Media : “Media’s gender representation shapes societal norms, perpetuating stereotypes or driving progressive change.”
- Plant-Based Diets : “Adopting plant-based diets can significantly reduce carbon footprints and address pressing environmental concerns.”
APA Thesis Statement Examples for Assignment
Assignments, whether academic or professional, require concise and pointed thesis statements. These examples exemplify clarity and specificity for a range of topics.
- 5G Technology : “5G technology, while promising unprecedented connectivity speeds, brings forth challenges in infrastructure and health concerns.”
- Migration Patterns : “Modern global migration patterns are influenced by geopolitical conflicts, economic disparities, and environmental challenges.”
- Fintech Innovations : “Financial technology innovations are reshaping banking experiences, prioritizing user-centric design and real-time solutions.”
- Ocean Acidification : “Ocean acidification, a lesser-known consequence of climate change, poses grave threats to marine biodiversity.”
- Holistic Education : “Holistic education approaches prioritize the integration of emotional, social, and academic development.”
- Nano-robotics in Medicine : “The frontier of nano-robotics in medicine promises targeted drug delivery but raises bioethical concerns.”
- Urbanization Challenges : “Rapid urbanization in emerging economies necessitates sustainable infrastructure planning and social inclusivity.”
- Minimalist Lifestyle : “The minimalist lifestyle movement counters consumerism, advocating for simplicity and intentionality in choices.”
- Drones in Agriculture : “Drones are revolutionizing agriculture, enabling precision farming, and efficient resource management.”
- Ancient Mathematics : “Ancient civilizations’ mathematical systems lay the groundwork for contemporary mathematical thought and practice.
APA 7th Edition Style Thesis Statement Examples
The 7th edition of the APA style emphasizes clarity, conciseness, and inclusivity. Crafting thesis statements under this guideline necessitates precision in language and a keen awareness of updated citation protocols. Here are 10 distinct examples, each tailored to demonstrate the characteristics of the APA 7th edition style.
- Sustainable Fashion : “As the global fashion industry contributes significantly to environmental degradation, a shift towards sustainable practices becomes imperative for ecological preservation.”
- Digital Humanities : “Exploring digital humanities reveals how technology is reshaping the interpretation and presentation of cultural artifacts.”
- Geriatric Care : “The increasing global geriatric population necessitates reformed healthcare models that prioritize aging-related ailments and mental well-being.”
- Microfinance : “Microfinance initiatives, while aiming to empower marginalized communities economically, must address inherent interest rate challenges to ensure genuine upliftment.”
- Exoplanetary Science : “Research into exoplanetary atmospheres offers potential insights into the viability of extraterrestrial life.”
- Culinary Arts and Culture : “The evolution of culinary arts reflects deep-rooted cultural narratives, revealing historical migrations and societal amalgamations.”
- Quantum Teleportation : “Current advancements in quantum teleportation challenge traditional conceptions of information transfer, presenting revolutionary implications for secure communications.”
- Oceanic Acoustics : “The study of acoustics in oceanic environments provides crucial insights into marine life communication and the potential impacts of human-made noise pollution.”
- Intercultural Communication : “Effective intercultural communication in an increasingly globalized world requires comprehensive understanding and respect for diverse sociolinguistic cues.”
- Pedagogical Innovations : “In the digital age, pedagogical innovations that incorporate experiential learning promote higher student engagement and retention.
Does APA have a thesis statement?
Yes, the APA (American Psychological Association) format does include guidelines for writing a thesis statement. However, the APA guidelines are more concerned with citation and formatting rather than content specifics like the formation of a thesis statement. Nevertheless, thesis statements are fundamental components of any academic work, and papers following APA guidelines are no exception. Within the context of the APA style, a thesis statement should be clear, concise, and specific, aligning with the style’s emphasis on straightforwardness and precision. Our MLA thesis statement is also worth a look at
What are the APA Guidelines for Writing a Thesis Statement?
While the APA (American Psychological Association) style primarily focuses on the formatting of documents and citations, it does provide some implicit guidance on crafting content, including thesis statements. The essence of the APA style revolves around clarity, precision, and a focus on evidence-based claims. Drawing from these general principles, here are some guidelines for writing a thesis statement in APA style:
- Clarity and Conciseness : APA style emphasizes clear and concise communication. Your thesis statement should, therefore, get straight to the point without being wrapped in excessive verbiage or complex sentence structures.
- Evidence-based Claims : APA style is rooted in empirical research. When making a claim in your thesis statement, it’s essential that the claim can be backed up with empirical evidence. If your statement alludes to specific research or data, be prepared to provide citations for that information in the body of your work.
- Maintain Objectivity : The tone of your thesis statement should be objective. Avoid subjective language or first-person pronouns like “I believe” or “In my opinion.” Instead, present the statement as a factual, research-backed claim.
- Specificity : A thesis statement should be specific, providing a clear direction for your paper. Avoid broad or overly general statements. Instead, hone in on a particular aspect of your topic that you plan to explore or argue.
- Positioning : While this isn’t a strict APA rule, traditionally, in many academic papers, the thesis statement is placed at the end of the introduction. This allows readers to grasp the context before being presented with the central claim.
- Refrain from Questions : A thesis statement should be declarative, not interrogative. Instead of posing a question, your statement should assert a stance or claim.
- Alignment with Research : Ensure that your thesis statement aligns with the research you present in your paper. There should be a clear thread connecting your statement to the evidence you provide in the body of your work.
- Revision : Writing is a process. After crafting your thesis statement, be prepared to return to it after completing your paper to ensure that it still aligns with the content and provides a clear and concise summary of your research.
How do you write a thesis statement in APA format? – Step by Step Guide
- Identify Your Research Topic : Before drafting your thesis statement, be clear about the main topic of your research. Understand the scope and relevance of your subject.
- Formulate a Preliminary Question : Start by forming a question related to your topic. This helps to narrow down the focus and set the stage for your statement. For instance, if you’re researching sustainable fashion, a question might be, “How does sustainable fashion impact the environment?”
- Write a Clear and Concise Statement : Convert your question into a clear and concise statement. Example: “Sustainable fashion significantly reduces environmental degradation.”
- Position Your Statement : In APA papers, especially longer essays or dissertations, the thesis statement typically appears at the end of the introduction section. However, for shorter papers, it can directly follow the introduction sentence.
- Ensure Specificity : An APA thesis statement should be specific. Avoid vague or overly broad statements. Instead of saying, “Food is crucial for health,” specify the type of food and its health benefits.
- Revise and Refine : Once your statement is written, revisit it to ensure clarity, precision, and alignment with your research data. It’s common for a thesis statement to undergo several revisions before the final draft.
- Cite Supporting Research : If your thesis statement is based on specific research or data, ensure you properly cite these sources in APA format. This adds credibility to your statement and adheres to the integrity standards of APA.
Tips for Crafting an APA Thesis Statement
- Avoid Assumptions : Ensure your statement doesn’t assume information that isn’t yet established in the paper. Introduce and then assert.
- Limit Ambiguity : Choose words that have precise meanings relevant to your topic. Avoid words that might have multiple interpretations.
- Maintain Parallel Structure : This helps in readability and clarity. If you’re listing multiple ideas or claims, use a consistent grammatical form.
- Stay Relevant to the Audience : Remember the intended readership of your paper. Frame your thesis in terms they would find clear and relevant.
- Iterative Approach : As you dive deeper into your research, your understanding of the topic might evolve. Don’t hesitate to tweak the thesis to better encapsulate your findings.
- Seek Peer Reviews : Sometimes, an outside perspective can help identify areas of improvement or clarity in your thesis statement.
- Avoid Absolutes : Words like “always” or “never” can be hard to prove and may weaken your statement. Instead, opt for terms that suggest strong evidence without asserting absolute truths, unless you’re certain.
- Use Action Words : Making your thesis statement dynamic can help draw the reader in. Use verbs that convey a sense of movement or transformation related to your research.
- Limit Length : Even for complex topics, try to keep your thesis statement to one or two sentences. This ensures it remains punchy and easy to understand.
- Stay Updated on APA Changes : While your main focus is content, it’s still essential to keep an eye on any updates or changes to the APA style guidelines to ensure your work remains compliant.
By incorporating these tips, you can enhance the effectiveness and clarity of your thesis statement, ensuring it aligns well with both your research and APA guidelines.
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How to Create an APA Table of Contents | Format & Examples
Published on November 5, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on January 17, 2024.
A table of contents is not required in an APA Style paper , but if you include one, follow these guidelines:
- Include all level 1 and level 2 headings (other levels are optional).
- Indicate different heading levels with indents. Adhere to general APA format in terms of font, spacing, etc.
You can automatically create the table of contents by applying APA heading styles in Word.
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Table of contents
Apa format guidelines for the table of contents, how to generate a table of contents in word.
In a thesis or dissertation , the table of contents comes between your abstract and your introduction . It should be written in the same font and size as the rest of your text (usually 12 pt Times New Roman). At the top of the page, write Contents , centered and in bold.
In APA Style, you can use up to five levels of heading , each with its own formatting style. In the table of contents, you should include all level 1 and 2 headings, left-aligned and formatted as plain text. Level 2 headings are indented.
Including lower-level headings in the table of contents is optional. Add an additional indent for each level. If you have a lot of headings in your text, you may not be able to include them all—your table of contents should not be more than two pages long in total.
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To automatically generate a table of contents in Word, you’ll first have to apply heading styles throughout your text. After that, you can generate the table of contents.
Applying heading styles
First, go through your text making sure that each level of heading is in keeping with APA Style rules.
Next, update the heading styles listed in the Home tab at the top:
- Highlight a level 1 heading
- Right-click the Heading 1 style and select Update Heading 1 to match selection
- Do the same for each level of heading
Once you’ve done this you can update any other headings quickly using the heading styles. Make sure all headings are in the appropriate style before proceeding.
Generating the table of contents
Now you can generate your table of contents. First write the title “Contents” (in the style of a level 1 heading). Then place your cursor two lines below this and go to the References tab.
Click on Table of Contents and select Custom Table of Contents… In the popup window, select how many levels of heading you wish to include (at least two) under Show levels , then click OK :
Updating your table of contents
Now you have a table of contents based on your current headings and page numbers. If you continue working on your text after this, be sure to go back and update your table of contents at the end, as headings and page numbers might change.
You can do this by right-clicking on the table of contents and selecting Update Field . Then you can choose whether to update all information or just the page numbers. It’s best to update everything, just to be sure.
Cite this Scribbr article
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
Caulfield, J. (2024, January 17). How to Create an APA Table of Contents | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved August 21, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-table-of-contents/
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Practice APA Citation
- Tutorial: APA Citations 7th Edition
- Quiz: APA Citations 7th Edition
About APA Style
The American Psychological Association Style was first developed in 1929 by a group of psychologists, anthropologists, and business managers to make scientific writing more consistent and easier to read. Since that time, it has become one of the most popular writing styles and can be used in any field, but is most commonly used in the social sciences , business , and nursing disciplines.
The most recent version of the style guide is the 7th edition , first published in 2019. See the Further Resources section below for physical copies and more resources.
When to Cite
Citations allow readers (including your professor) to understand and verify your information and where it came from. It gives credit to those whose information you are building upon and allows readers to easily learn more about a topic by finding your source.
- Whenever you are using an existing idea, statement, figure, or set of data , whether as a direct quotation or paraphrased , you should cite your source.
- In APA, everything should be cited in the body of your work using a brief in-text citation which corresponds to a complete citation in a reference list at the end of your work. Below are examples of how to create both in-text and reference list citations for common sources in APA.
- If you're feeling stuck, you can refer to the Further Resources section below for more comprehensive guides or look at your contact options in the Ask Us! We're Here to Help section; don't worry, citations can be tricky and we're here to help!
In-Text Citations
Unlike reference list citations, APA in-text citations are not strictly formatted based on the type of source; instead, every in-text citation follows the author-date approach and can be implemented in multiple ways (we'll give some examples below).
- When citing broad concepts or entire works, you must simply provide the last name of the author and the year of the work's publication .
- When citing specific information or using direct quotes, you must additionally provide page numbers or other identifying information (use "p." for a single page and "pp." for multiple pages).
- When in doubt, it's always better to provide page numbers than to omit them.
This flexibility only works because you must provide a properly-formatted reference list which corresponds to every in-text citation. Sorry, you can't get off the hook that easy - but don't worry, we'll go through your reference list too!
Parenthetical Citations
In APA, in-text citations can be parenthetical , meaning they appear in parentheses in the middle or at the end of a sentence, like this:
... "the 'placebo effect', which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when [only the first group's] behaviors were studied in this manner" (Miele, 1993, p. 276).
Narrative Citations
You can also use narrative citations in APA, which insert the needed information naturally in a sentence, like this:
Miele (1993) found that "the 'placebo effect', which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when [only the first group's] behaviors were studied in this manner" (p. 276).
Sources Without Page Numbers
If the source you're citing doesn't have page numbers, like an article or webpage, use whatever other information you can find to identify the particular location of a piece of information. This can include paragraph numbers, section headings, table numbers, etc.; use whatever makes the most sense! Here are some examples:
Basu and Jones (2007) went so far as to suggest the need for a new "intellectual framework in which to consider the nature and form of regulation in cyberspace" (para. 4).
"Empirical studies have found mixed results on the efficacy of labels in educating consumers and changing consumption behavior" (Golan, Kuchler, & Krissof, 2007, "Mandatory Labeling has Targeted", para. 4).
For traditional knowledge or oral traditions that are not in a fixed format, use a modified form of the personal communication citation. While the official APA style guide does not deem it necessary to include a reference entry for these kinds of citations only , to ensure that this information is not devalued or lost we have provided a reference format you can use in the next section. Here's an example of an in-text citation:
Following a series of conversations with Joseph Turnipseed (Tulalip Nation, lives in Portland, Oregon, personal communication, September 2017), we discovered connections between…
The APA style guide also does not have official guidance on citing generative AI ; however, their blog suggests that you cite the creator of the program as the author and include the year the text or information was generated. Because your results may not be reproducible by another user of the AI, you may want to include a copy of the full AI generation as an appendix in your document.
Reference List
Here are some of the most common source types and their basic citation styles in APA reference lists; we provide the generic format followed by an example.
- You may not be able to find every piece of information listed in the generic format, or a particular source might not have them (for example, some books have authors and editors, while some only have one or the other); simply provide as much information as you can.
- APA reference lists should be sorted in alphabetical order by the first author's last name ; items from the same author should be ordered chronologically .
- More examples can be found at the links in the Further Resources section below.
If a book has an editor but no separate author , put their name at the beginning where the author's name would be followed by "(Ed.)".
Kimmerer, R. W., Smith, M. G., & Neidhardt, N. (2022). Braiding sweetgrass for young adults . Lerner Publications.
Snell, D. C. (Ed.). (2020). A companion to the ancient near east (Second edition.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Journal and News Articles
If you don't have a DOI number, but the article has a stable URL , use that instead. When citing news articles, include the month and date after the year in lieu of volume, issue, or page numbers.
Herbst-Damm, K.L. & Kulik, J.A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology , 24 (2), 225-229. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Overbye, D. (2024, April 4). A tantalizing 'hint' that astronomers got dark energy all wrong. The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/04/science/space/astronomy-universe-dark-energy.html
Dissertations and Theses
If the dissertation or thesis doesn't have a DOI but is kept in an online repository like ScholarWorks with a stable URL that is publicly viewable, you can include that URL at the end in lieu of a DOI. If it is unpublished , include the phrase "Unpublished" at the beginning of the square brackets and list the name of the institution outside of the brackets where the database or repository name would go.
Coombs, N. C. (2022). An investigation of rural and mental health disparities across five dimensions of healthcare access [Doctoral dissertation, University of Montana]. ScholarWorks. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11859
Shmoe, J. (2024). Citation guides and you: a comprehensive study [Unpublished Master's thesis]. University of Montana.
Del Toro, G. (Director). (2006). El laberinto del fauno [Pan’s labyrinth] [Film]. Warner Bros. Pictures.
Oral Traditions and Indigenous Elders
While the APA Manual does not require reference list citations for orally transmitted information, Lorisia MacLeod (2021) advocates for including the knowledge of indigenous elders and knowledge keepers in your reference list using the following APA template:
Cardinal, D. Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. personal communication. April 4, 2004.
Generative AI
The APA style guide also does not have official guidance on citing generative AI ; however, their blog suggests the following reference format:
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat.
Further Resources
- Official APA Style Website The official home of APA Style, including resources about formatting, citations, and more.
- Sample Papers in APA Style View samples of properly-formatted documents directly from the official APA website.
- OWL at Purdue University: APA Style Guide The OWL (Online Writing Lab) at Purdue provides an excellent and extensive guide to APA citation.
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References provide the information necessary for readers to identify and retrieve each work cited in the text .
Check each reference carefully against the original publication to ensure information is accurate and complete. Accurately prepared references help establish your credibility as a careful researcher and writer.
Consistency in reference formatting allows readers to focus on the content of your reference list, discerning both the types of works you consulted and the important reference elements (who, when, what, and where) with ease. When you present each reference in a consistent fashion, readers do not need to spend time determining how you organized the information. And when searching the literature yourself, you also save time and effort when reading reference lists in the works of others that are written in APA Style.
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Telephone: (800) 374-2721; (202) 336-5500. TDD/TTY: (202) 336-6123. Connect with APA Style: This page contains reference examples for published dissertations or theses, which are considered published when they are available from a database such as ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global or PDQT Open, an institutional repository, or an archive.
Thesis, from a commercial database. Lope, M. D. (2014). Perceptions of global mindedness in the international baccalaureate middle years programme: The relationship to student academic performance and teacher characteristics (Order No. 3682837) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland].ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
tutorials under the "Resources for Writing Your Dissertation" tab. APA Style, 7 th Edition: A Brief Overview This section provides a very brief overview of APA Style formatting. For more thorough information about APA Style, 7 th edition, please refer to Appendix A (on page 11) of this guide for additional APA resources. Headings
Basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper Author/Authors Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.)
To cite an unpublished dissertation (one you got directly from the author or university in print form), add "Unpublished" to the bracketed description, and list the university at the end of the reference, outside the square brackets. APA format. Author last name, Initials. ( Year ).
Throughout your paper, you need to apply the following APA format guidelines: Set page margins to 1 inch on all sides. Double-space all text, including headings. Indent the first line of every paragraph 0.5 inches. Use an accessible font (e.g., Times New Roman 12pt., Arial 11pt., or Georgia 11pt.).
When a dissertation or thesis is unpublished, include the description "[Unpublished doctoral dissertation]" or "[Unpublished master's thesis]" in square brackets after the dissertation or thesis title. In the source element of the reference, provide the name of the institution that awarded the degree. Pattern: Author, A. A. (year).
Title of dissertation or thesis (Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or Order No.) For an unpublished dissertation or thesis: Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (year of creation). Title of dissertation or thesis (Unpublished doctoral dissertation or master's thesis). Name of ...
The authority on APA Style and the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual. Find tutorials, the APA Style Blog, how to format papers in APA Style, and other resources to help you improve your writing, master APA Style, and learn the conventions of scholarly publishing.
To format a paper in APA Style, writers can typically use the default settings and automatic formatting tools of their word-processing program or make only minor adjustments. The guidelines for paper format apply to both student assignments and manuscripts being submitted for publication to a journal. If you are using APA Style to create ...
Self-determined mindfulness and attachment style in college students (Publication No. 305210119) [Doctoral dissertation, Indiana State University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. EndNote reference type: Thesis. Add Publication Number to Document Number field. <<
To cite an unpublished dissertation in APA style, it is important that you know some basic information such as the author, year, title of the dissertation, and institute name. The templates for in-text citation and reference list entry of an online thesis, along with examples, are given below: In-text citation template and example:
te.Style ManualIt is recommended that APA Style Seventh. is used. It should be in 12-point type using Times. ew Roman font.SpacingThe test in the manuscript should be double-spaced. The right margin of the text should not be justified, but. -aligned, also known as ragged right, like the test in this guide.
Document Example: Proper Bibliographic Reference Format: Bibliographic references are double-spaced and indented half an inch after the first line. Use italics and "sentence-style" capitalization for dissertation / thesis titles. Identify the work as a doctoral dissertation / master's thesis in parentheses after the title. Sabbagh, S. A. (2009).
Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis: List whether it is a dissertation or a thesis. University: List the university associated with the dissertation/thesis. ... APA calls for the citation to include a unique identifying number for the dissertation, labeling it "Publication No." That number can be found in Dissertations and Theses database ...
These sample papers demonstrate APA Style formatting standards for different student paper types. Students may write the same types of papers as professional authors (e.g., quantitative studies, literature reviews) or other types of papers for course assignments (e.g., reaction or response papers, discussion posts), dissertations, and theses.
To cite a dissertation in APA, you need to include the author, year, title, publication number, thesis or dissertation, university, publisher, and URL. Depending on whether you use a published or unpublished dissertation, the order of the location information in your citation varies. Author, A. A. (Year).
Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper , APA Sample Professional Paper This resource is enhanced by Acrobat PDF files. Download the free Acrobat Reader. Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication).
Get your APA master's thesis citation 100% correct for both 6th & 7th edition! Here is how: • author • year of publication • title • degree statement • university • location ... Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the APA style guidelines for a master's thesis citation in action: Examples. A master's thesis ...
Indent the first line of every paragraph of text 0.5 in. using the tab key or the paragraph-formatting function of your word-processing program. Page numbers: Put a page number in the top right corner of every page, including the title page or cover page, which is page 1. Student papers do not require a running head on any page.
The essence of the APA style revolves around clarity, precision, and a focus on evidence-based claims. Drawing from these general principles, here are some guidelines for writing a thesis statement in APA style: Clarity and Conciseness: APA style emphasizes clear and concise communication. Your thesis statement should, therefore, get straight ...
In a thesis or dissertation, ... In APA Style, you can use up to five levels of heading, each with its own formatting style. In the table of contents, you should include all level 1 and 2 headings, left-aligned and formatted as plain text. Level 2 headings are indented. Including lower-level headings in the table of contents is optional. Add an ...
This checklist corresponds to the writing and formatting guidelines described in full in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Refer to the following chapters for specific information: paper elements and format in Chapter 2. writing style and grammar in Chapter 4. bias-free language in Chapter 5.
The American Psychological Association Style was first developed in 1929 by a group of psychologists, anthropologists, and business managers to make scientific writing more consistent and easier to read. Since that time, it has become one of the most popular writing styles and can be used in any field, but is most commonly used in the social sciences, business, and nursing disciplines.
References provide the information necessary for readers to identify and retrieve each work cited in the text. Consistency in reference formatting allows readers to focus on the content of your reference list, discerning both the types of works you consulted and the important reference elements with ease.