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Ben Franklin's Famous 'Liberty, Safety' Quote Lost Its Context In 21st Century

Virginia caucus hopes to limit police data collection, storage.

Benjamin Franklin once said: "Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety." That quote often comes up in the context of new technology and concerns about government surveillance. Benjamin Wittes, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and the editor of Lawfare, tells NPR's Robert Siegel that it wasn't originally meant to mean what people think.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

Freedom vs Safety: What Matters More?

Is there a right answer in the debate to quarantine or reopen the economy?

The Coronavirus quarantine has been in place for over a month in the US now to varying degrees. While some places reopen, others are extending their quarantines.

Understandably, people are upset and tired of the quarantine. Is it necessary for public safety, or is it an overstep of government limiting freedoms?

Protests sprung up across the U.S. against government lockdowns

There have been demonstrations in almost every state demanding the economy be opened up again.

First, let’s get something out of the way: the majority of these protests and protestors are ridiculous. There are those who are standing closely together and not wearing masks, in complete denial that there is a pandemic right now. There are those who show their vanity and selfishness by demanding to get haircuts and go golfing. There are weird far-right nuts bring their guns to protest their second amendment rights, which has nothing to do with the current situation. Then there are the worst of the worst people who harass nurses who are on the frontline saving lives.

All those people aside, there are legitimate reasons for opening up the economy. People need jobs to feed their families. A society can only survive so long on essential workers and government aid. At some point, the costs of quarantine – unemployment, poverty, hunger, homelessness, delayed health risks – will outweigh its benefits.

What’s the right answer, and who decides? First, we have to step back and look at the core of this debate – freedom and safety.

Freedom and safety are at odds with each other, but also need each other

Freedom is being able to think, say, and do what you want – to live your life as you please. Safety is being protected from harm – to live your life without fear of danger.

Though people may uphold freedom as an ultimate virtue, it’s limited in a society. You can’t have absolute freedom because it takes away from the safety and the freedom of others. If anyone could do whatever they wanted, and they chose to hurt and kill, that restricts someone else’s freedom to live as they please.

But you also can’t have absolute safety. That would require monitoring and limiting the actions of everyone, submitting to a protective but also authoritative body. Restricting actions limits freedom, but it also limits safety because you become vulnerable to whoever you trust for protection.

Absolute freedom and absolute safety don’t exist in the real world. They rely on each other. Freedom needs safety to be free, and safety needs freedom to be safe.

Within the structure of a society, an ideal government holds the authority and responsibility of balancing the two – giving as much freedom and as much safety as possible to as many people as possible.

The misquoted Benjamin Franklin

Every time there’s a debate over freedom and safety, a quote by Benjamin Franklin is always used and taken wildly out of context. You may recognize it:

Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety.

The argument is typically made in favor of freedom or liberty, saying that giving up freedom for safety would be a loss of both. The Washington Post has a great explanation of what this quote really means, but I’ll try to sum it up briefly here.

This was part of a letter regarding taxation and military protection. In the arrangement that this letter address, Benjamin Franklin did not feel it was fair and so was opposed to it. He felt the freedom they would give up was too great, and in return, the safety they would get was too little.

He later went on to sign the Constitution, in which states ultimately ceded some of their freedom to the federal government in return for safety.

The key words from that quote are not “liberty” and “safety,” but rather “essential” and “temporary.” You would not give up something “essential,” whether it’s liberty or safety or something else, for something that’s temporary. That’s a bad trade. You have to ensure that whatever you give up is worth what you get in return.

So it’s not really about whether freedom or safety are more important, but how much each is given up in exchange for the other. Let’s take this into a practical scenario.

There’s a balance, and we have to admit we have acceptable limitations to both

We love to drive, and we love the freedom of driving. But there are limits to that freedom – limits that we all generally accept. There are limits to where you can drive, what direction you can drive, how fast you can drive, when you can drive, what you can drive, and a complex set of rules governing how you drive. All these traffic laws are designed to maximize safety while driving, but significantly hamper the freedom of driving. Yet we accept them because for all of us to have the relative freedom to drive, that freedom needs to be limited for everyone.

Though we value safety as evidenced by the abundance of traffic laws to provide it, there’s a limit to how much we are willing to give up for it. Traffic laws help reduce deaths from collisions, and yet there’s an acceptable number of automobile deaths that we can live with. It sounds jarring, but it’s true. In 2019, there were 38,800 deaths from auto collisions in the U.S. We can significantly reduce those deaths by cutting the speed limit in half. We could reduce that to a small fraction if we only permitted essential travel, or designated drivers (public transportation, taxis, and ride services). We can eliminate auto deaths completely by simply banning cars.

But we won’t do any of those. It would be too much of a cost on our economy, productivity, employment, convenience, and leisure. Lives are not worth that much to us. So to maintain the level of freedom we have from driving cars, we are ok with 35,000-40,000 people unnecessarily and prematurely dying every year.

Let’s bring this a little closer to home. Each year, 30,000-60,000 people die from the seasonal flu in the U.S. Every year, we could quarantine during flu season, but we don’t.

The balance of freedom and safety applies to every aspect of our society. It’s a hard reality to admit for either side. Those who value freedom more tend to ignore that they support limitations on freedom in numerous ways. Those that value safety more ignore that there is an acceptable level of danger and death they are willing to tolerate for convenience.

Absolutes from either side are unhelpful, the issue is more complex

The primary and usually passionate argument from both sides is in favor of absolute (or at least very extreme) freedom or safety.

Those in favor of lifting the lockdown often claim that government is being oppressive, limiting freedoms, and creating a communist state (I’m ignoring the more ridiculous claims of the pandemic being a hoax). Yet they often advocate for government to restrict and enforce regulations in other areas of life for other people. They only oppose government when it is in conflict with their personal freedom.

Those who favor staying in quarantine often place an over idealistic emphasis on saving lives. Claims that you can’t put a price on life or that the economy is not worth losing lives sounds great as a virtue to aspire to, but simply isn’t the reality of how we live as a society. The amount of money we spend or don’t spend, as individuals and as a society, reflects how much we value human life. Though we would never quantify it if asked, there is a very real price tag on how much saving a life is worth. This is an eye-opening article on how different organizations and companies place a dollar amount on the cost of a human life .

The real arguments

There are valid arguments on both sides for an extended quarantine or a lift of the lockdown.

An extended quarantine doesn’t mean we’ll save every life, but we will save more lives. Though I pointed out earlier that we tolerate a certain amount of death, we still need to sacrifice as much as we can to preserve life. We have the examples of terrifying death rates from other countries. Our own death toll continues to grow without slowing down. This virus is still too unknown for us to know if people can even build any sort of immunity. While the number of people that have died from Coronavirus is comparable to the seasonal flu, it is far from over. Rising death tolls indicate there will be a lot more deaths in the coming weeks, far surpassing the flu. Quarantine is needed to slow the death rate down.

On the other hand, people need to work to survive. This isn’t about the economy, it’s about jobs and livelihoods. While there is already a high unemployment rate, it will only climb higher as quarantine is extended because small businesses will shut down and companies will no longer be able to pay their employees. Most people will make it through a few weeks of unemployment, but not a few months. It’ll result in higher rates of poverty, hunger, and homelessness – not only in the short-term but especially in the long-term if families can’t recover from their losses. This is in addition to the other negative effects of extended quarantine including increases in suicides, domestic violence, child abuse, sex trafficking, and homelessness.

The real conversation that both sides should be participating in is the duration of quarantine, the phases of reopening, the low-risk industries that can reopen sooner, the precautions that need to be in place, and the markers of success or regression. It’s a much more complex and nuanced conversation than “freedom over fear” or “stay home save lives.”

Better questions to ask

The question of whether freedom or safety is more important isn’t a good question to ask. It’s overly simplistic and doesn’t take into account that both are needed, and that the balance of the two really depend on the situation, which with Conoravirus, is changing daily.

A better question is, “What personal freedoms can I sacrifice to ensure the safety of others?” Or, “What personal safety can I give up so others are free to work and provide?”

Ultimately, it’s a personal moral question of “What can I do to help?”

It’s easy to protest opening the economy when you don’t have anyone close to you who has compromised immunity or still working in high contact jobs. How can you help someone who is self quarantining because they really are at risk if they go out?

It’s easy to tell everyone to stay home when you have the ability to work from home and still get paid. How can you help those without a job?

There are a lot of people doing good during this time, from frontline and essential workers to those who are volunteering to help their neighbors and community with basic needs. They do it in silence and out of sight because it’s the right thing to do. Unfortunately, it’s the angry and aggressive who tend to be the loudest and capture our attentions.

What will you do?

We’re in an era where we’ve confused fighting on the comments section of the internet as “social action.” We’ve confused putting up some witty phrase on a sign and holding it on the street as “social action.” They are not. It’s just a self-absorbed effort to prove a point or pick a fight.

If you really care about your position, this is real social action. Contact your local political leaders and representatives to voice your opinions and provide helpful suggestions. Reach out to local community organizations to see how you can help. Donate money to organizations that are helping people through this crisis. Give money to people who don’t have a job. Check in on people to see how they’re doing physically, emotionally, and financially.

We get so absorbed in proving a point that we forget the vast majority who are struggling and just trying to make it through this. Stop fighting with your neighbor and start fighting for your neighbor.

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2 thoughts on “Freedom vs Safety: What Matters More?”

While I agree with the idea that there is always a trade off between freedom and government intervention and laws to insure saftey, the underlying premise in your reference to the Coronavirus is faulty. You have stated your case with the automatic assumption that a quarantine was necessary and then made the argument for both sides to work together to figure out how that should progress and when and how it should end. But it was and has been ever since the beginning, absolutely obvious who in the population is predominately at a risk of death from the virus (80 +%).Those above retirement age. That is an irrefutable fact. And now we know that of the other 20%, identifiable underlying health criteria that affect the immune system is a major contributing factor to almost all of those deaths. In other words approximately 99.3% of all verifiable Coronavirus cases will recover. We could have given that information out to our entire population within the first month after the shutdowns and let them chose if they wanted to go out in public an the at risk portion of the population could have chosen for themselves or if they had a guardian, they could have decided what action to take. The one exception could have been nursing homes or other such care facilities. The worst thing though throughout this entire time, is that those of us who tried to speak up and disagree were derided and shamed for expressing that the solution being presented was both the wrong road and dangerous for our society as a whole. It would have cost us far less to protect those that were truly vulnerable and our economy and individual lives would not have suffered and possibly for many been irreparably damaged. The premise on which you built your view point is simply, wrong and the statistics prove it. Although I do agree that now that we have been forced down this dark hole, we should do everything in our power as individuals, to help our neighbor. “Love thy neighbor as thyself”.

You assume every “sane and reasonable” person would agree with your values. You’re full of shit. All values are subjective – totally unique to that individual – but worse still: all values are imprinted by culture. Human culture favors humans. Viewed from a larger ecological window – humans are the worst virus ever to plague the planet, and COVID is just mother nature’s attempt to restore balance. That’s REAL science – not the anthropocentric, arrogant, hypocritical science of woke idiots like you.

On a political level, your FEAR does NOT supersede my FREEDOM. That’s not how the Constitution was written. Jefferson recognized that all parties would be corrupted by power and thus imposed checks and balances. Our Dictator Politicians have declared an open-ended “Emergency” and suspended all civil liberties, shaming any of us who object. My right to manage my own immune system is every bit as “sacred” as a woman’s right to manage her reproductive system. My economic future – and thus my whole life – has been destroyed by restrictions – a casualty every bit as real as all those “theoretical” cases of COVID driving these lockdowns.

In the end, FREEDOM is FAR more critical to human survival than Safety. The world is a random reality, and those who seek to manage, control, and eliminate risk are not only engaged in futility, they are engaged in dying. They live in their safe cubicles glued to their safe virtual realities and preach compassion, but its only for other zombies like themselves. No less than Benjamin Franklin said: “Democracy is two wolves and a sheep voting on what’s for lunch.” So now the sheep have multiplied and crowded into cities and they outnumber the wolves, and by vote, they sentence us to financial death or banishment if we don’t embrace their shaming fear. A wolf needs only one thing: space. Habitat. To hunt as it was born to hunt. We are not evil just because your white, bearded Messiah says we are. Freedom is our oxygen, and we are gladly willing to risk a few germs in order to continue breathing. If YOU are afraid, it’s YOUR responsibility to lock yourself up. Don’t cages us.

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We Sacrifice Freedom for Safety, and We Need Not Do So

Americans cherish their freedom. They enjoy a degree of personal, social and political freedom nearly unrivalled in human history. So it is ironic and even tragic that they willingly forfeit so much of that freedom in pursuit of another value: safety. Safety from what? In a word, crime.

Columns appearing on the service and this webpage represent the views of the authors, not of The University of Texas at Austin.

It’s true that stories of violent crime surround us, from the recent Houston house party where two men were shot and killed to the rape of a 13-year-old hearing-impaired girl at a Dallas park, or the terrible mass shooting at Fort Hood on April 2, these all-too-real stories and images have conditioned Americans to fear crime in their daily lives.

According to data from the Gallup Organization and the National Opinion Research Center, two-fifths of adult Americans say they are afraid to walk alone at night in their own neighborhoods, and two-thirds believe the national crime problem is getting worse. One in seven U.S. households now lies behind locked gates, and millions of residents are afraid to answer their front doors. Our children no longer ride their bikes to school or for play, and parents drive their children to school or the bus stop. One-third of American men have purchased a firearm for protection. One in five women carries pepper spray or Mace.

So what exactly is the problem? The problem is that the world is actually a good deal safer than most Americans realize or appreciate, and the freedoms they sacrifice are often surrendered unnecessarily. Americans, naturally enough, long for safety for themselves and those they care about, and they take actions to secure that safety. However, crime rates in the U.S. have been declining for more than 20 years; the murder rate dropped by half during the past decade alone, and it has been dropping relentlessly for centuries. Research shows that Americans exaggerate their chances of being murdered, raped or robbed, as well as their chances of dying in a hurricane, tornado, earthquake or other rare event. And they seriously underestimate the hazards that pose genuine risk to them, such as heart disease or cancer.

Americans are not stupid or uninformed. Their conception of the world as a dangerous place is one that is depicted to them and reinforced day after day in the mass media. That is where the disconnect between reality and perception takes place. On television, crime is the No. 1 topic in dramas, news programs and movies. The world on television, in newspapers and on the Web is populated by serial killers, child molesters, robbers and rapists. In this media world, the rare appears commonplace, and the commonplace is rarely seen. The resemblance between the dangerous, upside-down world depicted by the media and public perceptions of crime and other hazards is so close that it is difficult to deny a causal influence of the media. In fact, research shows that the more individuals view television, the more likely they are to subscribe to the dangerous-world idea.

Adding to this message are companies and industries that make it their business to scare Americans into buying their products home security systems, car alarms, child-tracking systems, insurance or firearms, to name a few. Their commercials fill the airwaves on any particular day or night.

Newspaper publishers in London discovered almost two centuries ago that placing local crime stories in prominent locations in the paper drove up readership, and the race was on. The public does seem drawn to crime and violence, but that is at least partly because we are naturally attracted to information that is potentially life-saving or life-threatening. In a rationalistic, scientific age, media depictions of death and dying are often the only place in which death is openly discussed or confronted.

The media will continue down this path, but we should not let them determine how safe we feel. Instead, we should always bear in mind that what we encounter in the media is a selective depiction of the world and is often merely the daydreams of script writers and producers. We must also remember that freedom is profoundly precious, too precious to be cast off needlessly or lightly. To paraphrase Benjamin Franklin, those who would sacrifice liberty in the name of safety deserve neither. So unless you have sound reasons not to, let your kids out to play. Walk to the park. Talk to your neighbors. Seize the freedom that is your heritage.

Mark Warr is a criminologist and a professor of sociology at The University of Texas at Austin. He is an expert on social reactions to crime and peer influence. He has served on numerous federal commissions and panels for such agencies as the National Institute of Justice, the National Science Foundation, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Statistical Association.

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267 Freedom Essay Topics & Examples

Need freedom topics for an essay or research paper? Don’t know how to start writing your essay? The concept of freedom is very exciting and worth studying!

📃 Freedom Essay: How to Start Writing

📝 how to write a freedom essay: useful tips, 🏆 freedom essay examples & topic ideas, 🥇 most interesting freedom topics to write about, 🎓 simple topics about freedom, 📌 writing prompts on freedom, 🔎 good research topics about freedom, ❓ research questions about freedom.

The field of study includes personal freedom, freedom of the press, speech, expression, and much more. In this article, we’ve collected a list of great writing ideas and topics about freedom, as well as freedom essay examples and writing tips.

Freedom essays are common essay assignments that discuss acute topics of today’s global society. However, many students find it difficult to choose the right topic for their essay on freedom or do not know how to write the paper.

We have developed some useful tips for writing an excellent paper. But first, you need to choose a good essay topic. Below are some examples of freedom essay topics.

Freedom Essay Topics

American (Indian, Taiwanese, Scottish) independence
Freedom and homelessness essay
The true value of freedom in modern society
How slavery affects personal freedom
The problem of human rights and freedoms
American citizens’ rights and freedoms
The benefits and disadvantages of unlimited freedom
The changing definition of freedom

Once you have selected the issue you want to discuss (feel free to get inspiration from the ones we have suggested!), you can start working on your essay. Here are 10 useful tips for writing an outstanding paper:

Remember that freedom essay titles should state the question you want to discuss clearly. Do not choose a vague and non-descriptive title for your paper.
Work on the outline of your paper before writing it. Think of what sections you should include and what arguments you want to present. Remember that the essay should be well organized to keep the reader interested. For a short essay, you can include an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
Do preliminary research. Ask your professor about the sources you can use (for example, course books, peer-reviewed articles, and governmental websites). Avoid using Wikipedia and other similar sources, as they often have unverified information.
A freedom essay introduction is a significant part of your paper. It outlines the questions you want to discuss in the essay and helps the reader understand your work’s purpose. Remember to state the thesis of your essay at the end of this section.
A paper on freedom allows you to be personal. It should not focus on the definition of this concept. Make your essay unique by including your perspective on the issue, discussing your experience, and finding examples from your life.
At the same time, help your reader to understand what freedom is from the perspective of your essay. Include a clear explanation or a definition with examples.
Check out freedom essay examples online to develop a structure for your paper, analyze the relevance of the topics you want to discuss and find possible freedom essay ideas. Avoid copying the works you will find online.
Support your claims with evidence. For instance, you can cite the Bill of Rights or the United States Constitution. Make sure that the sources you use are reliable.
To make your essay outstanding, make sure that you use correct grammar. Grammatical mistakes may make your paper look unprofessional or unreliable. Restructure a sentence if you think that it does not sound right. Check your paper several times before sending it to your professor.
A short concluding paragraph is a must. Include the summary of all arguments presented in the paper and rephrase the main findings.

Do not forget to find a free sample in our collection and get the best ideas for your essay!

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The Freedom Summer Project and Black Studies The purpose of this essay is to discuss to which degree the story of the Freedom Summer project illustrates the concepts of politics outlined in Karenga’s book Introduction to black studies.
Democracy: The Influence of Freedom Democracy is the basis of the political systems of the modern civilized world. Accordingly, the democracy of Athens was direct that is, without the choice of representatives, in contrast to how it is generated nowadays.
Freedom of Speech as a Basic Human Right Restricting or penalizing freedom of expression is thus a negative issue because it confines the population of truth, as well as rationality, questioning, and the ability of people to think independently and express their thoughts.
Kantian Ethics and Causal Law for Freedom The theory’s main features are autonomy of the will, categorical imperative, rational beings and thinking capacity, and human dignity. The theory emphasizes not on the actions and the doers but the consequences of their effects […]
Principles in M. L. King’s Quest for African American Freedom The concept of a nonviolent approach to the struggles for African American freedom was a key strategy in King’s quest for the liberation of his communities from racial and social oppressions.
Technology Revolutionizing Ethical Aspects of Academic Freedom As part of the solution, the trends in technology are proposed as a potential solution that can provide the necessary support to improve the freedom of expression as one of the ethical issues that affect […]
The Journey Freedom Tour 2022 Performance Analysis Arnel Pineda at age 55 keeps rocking and hitting the high notes and bringing the entire band very successfully all through their live concert tour.
Freedom of Speech and Propaganda in School Setting One of the practical solutions to the problem is the development and implementation of a comprehensive policy for balanced free speech in the classroom.
Twitter and Violations of Freedom of Speech and Censorship The sort of organization that examines restrictions and the opportunities and challenges it encounters in doing so is the center of a widely acknowledged way of thinking about whether it is acceptable to restrict speech.
Freedom of the Press and National Security Similarly, it concerns the freedom of the press of the media, which are protected in the United States of America by the First Amendment.
The Views on the Freedom from Fear in the Historical Perspective In this text, fear is considered in the classical sense, corresponding to the interpretation of psychology, that is, as a manifestation of acute anxiety for the inviolability of one’s life.
Freedom of Speech in Social Networks The recent case of blocking the accounts of former US President Donald Trump on Twitter and Facebook is explained by the violation of the rules and conditions of social platforms.
Emotion and Freedom in 20th-Century Feminist Literature The author notes that the second layer of the story can be found in the antagonism between the “narrator, author, and the unreliable protagonist”.
Analysis of UK’s Freedom of Information Act 2000 To preserve potentially disruptive data that must not be released to the public, the FOIA integrates several provisions that allow the officials to decline the request for information without suffering possible consequences.
Fight for Freedom, Love Has No Labels, and Ad Council: Key Statement The most important part of the message, to me, is the fact that the freedoms mentioned in the PSA are not available to every American citizen, despite America being the land of freedom.
Freedom of Expression in the Classroom The NEA Code of Ethics establishes a link between this Freedom and a teacher’s responsibilities by requiring instructors to encourage “independent activity in the pursuit of learning,” provide “access to diverse points of view,” and […]
Is There Press Freedom in Modern China? There is a large body of literature in the field of freedom of the press investigations, media freedom in China, and press freedom and human rights studies.
Freedom of the Press in the Context of UAE It gives the people the ability to understand the insight of the government and other crucial activities happening within the country.
Freedom of the Press in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) According to oztunc & Pierre, the UAE is ranked 119 in the global press freedom data, classifying the country as one of the most suppressive regarding the liberty of expression.
Review of “Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom” From the youth, Mandela started to handle the unfairness of isolation and racial relations in South Africa. In Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, Chadwick’s masterful screen memoir of Nelson Mandela passes on the anguish as […]
Expansion of Freedom and Slavery in British America The settlement in the city of New Plymouth was founded by the second, and it laid the foundation for the colonies of New England.
Power, Property, and Freedom: Bitcoin Discourse In the modern world, all people have the right to freedom and property, but not all have the power to decide who may have this freedom and property.
Religious Freedom Policy Evaluation Ahmed et al.claim that the creation of the ecosystem can facilitate the change as the members of the community share their experiences and learn how to respond to various situations.
The Concepts of Freedom and the Great Depression Furthermore, blacks were elected to construct the constitution, and black delegates fought for the rights of freedpeople and all Americans. African-Americans gained the freedom to vote, work, and be elected to government offices during Black […]
Freedom of Choices for Women in Marriage in “The Story of an Hour” The story describes the sentiments and feelings of Louisa Mallard when she learns the news about her husband. The readers can see the sudden reaction of the person to the demise of her significant other.
Freedom of Speech in Shouting Fire: Stories From the Edge of Free Speech Even though the First Amendment explicitly prohibits any laws regarding the freedom of speech, Congress continues to make exceptions from it.
Personal Freedom: The Importance in Modern Society To show my family and friends how important they are to me, I try contacting them more often in the way they prefer.
Economic Freedom and Its Recent Statements Economic freedom is an important indicator and benchmark for the level of income of companies or individual citizens of a country.
The Freedom Concept in Plato’s “Republic” This situation shows that the concept of democracy and the freedom that correlates with it refers to a flawed narrative that liberty is the same as equality.
Freedom of Speech as the Most Appreciated Liberty In the present-day world, the progress of society largely depends on the possibility for people to exercise their fundamental rights. From this perspective, freedom of speech is the key to everyone’s well-being, and, in my […]
The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom In the introductory part of the book, the author discusses his main theses concerning the link between the development of networks and shifts in the economy and society.
Freedom of Association for Radical Organizations This assertion is the primary and fundamental argument in the debate on this topic – radical groups should not use freedom of association to harm other people potentially.
Black Sexual Freedom and Manhood in “For Colored Girls” Movie Despite the representation of Black sexual freedoms in men and women and Black manhood as a current social achievement, For Colored Girls shows the realities of inequality and injustice, proving womanism’s importance in America.
Frederick Douglass’s My Bondage and My Freedom Review He criticizes that in spite of the perceived knowledge he was getting as a slave, this very light in the form of knowledge “had penetrated the moral dungeon”.
The Essence of Freedom of Contract The legal roots of the notion of freedom of contract are manifested in the ideals of liberalism and theoretical capitalism, where the former values individual freedom and the latter values marker efficiency and effectiveness.
Why Defamation Laws Must Prioritize Freedom of Speech The body of the essay will involve providing information on the nature of defamation laws in the USA and the UK, the implementation of such laws in the two countries, and the reason why the […]
Democracy and Freedom: Inclusion of Underrepresented Groups For this reason, the principle of anti-power should be considered as the position that will provide a better understanding of the needs of the target population and the desirable foreign policy to be chosen.
Freedom or Security: Homeland Issues In many ways, the author sheds light on the overreactions or inadequate responses of the US government, which led to such catastrophes as 9/11 or the war in Iraq.
War on Terror: Propaganda and Freedom of the Press in the US There was the launching of the “Center for Media and Democracy”, CMD, in the year 1993 in order to create what was the only public interest at that period. There was expansive use of propaganda […]
Information and Communication Technology & Economic Freedom in Islamic Middle Eastern Countries This is a unique article as it gives importance to the role ecommerce plays in the life of the educationists and students and urges that the administrators are given training to handle their students in […]
The Path to Freedom of Black People During the Antebellum Period In conclusion, the life of free blacks in 19th century America was riddled with hindrances that were meant to keep them at the bottom of society.
Freedom in Antebellum America: Civil War and Abolishment of Slavery The American Civil War, which led to the abolishment of slavery, was one of the most important events in the history of the United States.
Civil Rights Movement: Fights for Freedom The Civil Rights Movement introduced the concept of black and white unification in the face of inequality. Music-related to justice and equality became the soundtrack of the social and cultural revolution taking place during the […]
“Gladiator” by Ridley Scott: Freedom and Affection This desire to be free becomes the main motive of the film, as the plot follows Maximus, now enslaved, who tries to avenge his family and the emperor and regain his liberty.
Voices of Freedom: Lincoln, M. L. King, Kirkaldy He was named after his grandfather Abraham Lincoln, the one man that was popular for owning wide tracks of land and a great farmer of the time.
Freedom: Malcolm X’s vs. Anna Quindlen’s Views However, in reality, we only have the freedom to think whatever we like, and only as long as we know that this freedom is restricted to thought only.
Net Neutrality: Freedom of Internet Access In the principle of Net neutrality, every entity is entitled access and interaction with other internet users at the same cost of access.
The Literature From Slavery to Freedom Its main theme is slavery but it also exhibits other themes like the fight by Afro-Americans for freedom, the search for the identity of black Americans and the appreciation of the uniqueness of African American […]
John Stuart Mill on Freedom in Today’s Perspective The basic concept behind this rose because it was frustrating in many cases in the context of the penal system and legislation and it was viewed that anything less than a capital punishment would not […]
Conformity Versus Freedom at University To the author, this is objectionable on the grounds that such a regimen infringes on the freedom of young adults and that there is much to learn outside the classroom that is invaluable later in […]
US Citizens and Freedom As an example of freedom and obtaining freedom in the US, the best possible subject would be the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, particularly during 1963-64, as this would serve as the conceptual and […]
Social Factors in the US History: Respect for Human Rights, Racial Equality, and Religious Freedom The very first years of the existence of the country were marked by the initiatives of people to provide as much freedom in all aspects of social life as possible.
Freedom of Speech and the Internet On the one hand, the freedom of expression on the internet allowed the general public to be informed about the true nature of the certain events, regardless of geographical locations and restrictions.
Freedom of Information Act in the US History According to the legislation of the United States, official authorities are obliged to disclose information, which is under control of the US government, if it is requested by the public.
Freedom, Equality & Solidarity by Lucy Parsons In the lecture and article ‘The Principles of Anarchism’ she outlines her vision of Anarchy as the answer to the labor question and how powerful governments and companies worked for hand in hand to stifle […]
Balance of Media Censorship and Press Freedom Government censorship means the prevention of the circulation of information already produced by the official government There are justifications for the suppression of communication such as fear that it will harm individuals in the society […]
The Idea of American Freedom Such implications were made by the anti-slavery group on each occasion that the issue of slavery was drawn in the Congress, and reverberated wherever the institution of slavery was subjected to attack within the South.
Liberal Definition of Freedom Its origins lie in the rejection of the authoritarian structures of the feudalistic order in Europe and the coercive tendencies and effects of that order through the imposition of moral absolutes.
Spinoza’ Thoughts on Human Freedom The human being was once considered of as the Great Amphibian, or the one who can exclusively live in the two worlds, a creature of the physical world and also an inhabitant of the spiritual, […]
Freedom From Domination: German Scientists’ View He made the greatest ever attempt to unify the country, as Western Europe was divided into lots of feudal courts, and the unification of Germany led to the creation of single national mentality and appearing […]
The Freedom of Speech: Communication Law in US By focusing on the on goings in Guatemala, the NYT may have, no doubt earned the ire of the Bush administration, but it is also necessary that the American people are made aware of the […]
Freedom of Speech and Expression in Music Musicians are responsible and accountable for fans and their actions because in the modern world music and lyrics become a tool of propaganda that has a great impact on the circulation of ideas and social […]
Democracy and Freedom in Pakistan Pakistan lies in a region that has been a subject of worldwide attention and political tensions since 9/11. US influence in politics, foreign and internal policies of Pakistan has always been prominent.
Male Dominance as Impeding Female Sexual Freedom Therefore, there is a need to further influence society to respect and protect female sexuality through the production of educative materials on women’s free will.
Interrelation and Interdependence of Freedom, Responsibility, and Accountability Too much responsibility and too little freedom make a person unhappy. There must be a balance between freedom and responsibility for human happiness.
African American History: The Struggle for Freedom The history of the Jacksons Rainbow coalition shows the rise of the support of the African American politicians in the Democratic party.
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Definition of Freedom The case of Nicola Sacco can be seen as the starting point of the introduction of Roosevelt’s definition of freedom as liberty for all American citizens.
Freedom of Speech and International Relations The freedom of speech or the freedom of expression is a civil right legally protected by many constitutions, including that of the United States, in the First Amendment.
Slavery Abolition and Newfound Freedom in the US One of the biggest achievements of Reconstruction was the acquisition of the right to vote by Black People. Still, Black Americans were no longer forced to tolerate inhumane living conditions, the lack of self-autonomy, and […]
The Existence of Freedom This paper assumes that it is the cognizance of the presence of choices for our actions that validates the existence of free will since, even if some extenuating circumstances and influences can impact what choice […]
Mill’s Power over Body vs. Foucault’s Freedom John Stuart Mill’s view of sovereignty over the mind and the body focuses on the tendency of human beings to exercise liberalism to fulfill their self-interest.
Rousseau’s vs. Confucius’ Freedom Concept Similarly, the sovereignty of a distinctive group expresses the wholeness of its free will, but not a part of the group.
The Importance of Freedom of Speech In a bid to nurture the freedom of speech, the United States provides safety to the ethical considerations of free conversations.
Freedom in the Workplace of American Society In the workplace, it is vital to implement freedom-oriented policies that would address the needs of each employee for the successful performance of the company which significantly depends on the operation of every participant of […]
19th-Century Marxism with Emphasis on Freedom As the paper reveals through various concepts and theories by Marx, it was the responsibility of the socialists and scientists to transform the society through promoting ideologies of class-consciousness and social action as a way […]
Political Necessity to Safeguard Freedom He determined that the existence of the declared principles on which the fundamental structure of equality is based, as well as the institutions that monitor their observance, is the critical prerequisite for social justice and […]
Aveo’s Acquisition of Freedom Aged Care Portfolio The mode of acquisition points to the possibility that Freedom used the White Knight defense mechanism when it approached the Aveo group.
Aveo Group’s Acquisition of Freedom Aged Care Pty Ltd The annual report of AVEO Group indicated that the company acquired Freedom Aged Care based on its net book value. It implies that the Aveo Group is likely to achieve its strategic objectives through the […]
Freedom Hospital Geriatric Patient Analysis The importance of statistics in clinical research can be explained by a multitude of factors; in clinical management, it is used for monitoring the patients’ conditions, the quality of health care provided, and other indicators.
History of American Conceptions and Practices of Freedom The government institutions and political regimes have been accused of allowing amarginalisation’ to excel in the acquisition and roles assigned to the citizens of the US on the basis of social identities.
Anglo-American Relations, Freedom and Nationalism Thus, in his reflection on the nature of the interrelations between two powerful empires, which arose at the end of the 19th century, the writer argues that the striving of the British Empire and the […]
Freedom of Speech in Modern Media At the same time, the bigoted approach to the principles of freedom of speech in the context of the real world, such as killing or silencing journalists, makes the process of promoting the same values […]
“Advancing Freedom in Iraq” by Steven Groves The aim of the article is to describe the current situation in Iraq and to persuade the reader in the positive role of the U.S.authorities in the promoting of the democracy in the country.
Freedom: Definition, Meaning and Threats The existence of freedom in the world has been one of the most controversial topics in the world. As a result, he suggests indirectly that freedom is found in the ability to think rationally.
Expression on the Internet: Vidding, Copyright and Freedom It can be defined as the practice of creating new videos by combining the elements of already-existing clips. This is one of the reasons why this practice may fall under the category of fair use.
Doha Debate and Turkey’s Media Freedom He argued that the Turkish model was a work in progress that could be emulated by the Arab countries not only because of the freedom that the government gave to the press, but also the […]
The Story of American Freedom The unique nature of the United States traces its history to the formation of political institutions between 1776 and 1789, the American Revolution between 1776 and 1783 and the declaration of independence in 1776. Additionally, […]
The Freedom of Information Act The Freedom of Information Act is popularly understood to be the representation of “the people’s right to know” the various activities of the government.
The United States Role in the World Freedom The efforts of NATO to engage Taliban and al-Qaida insurgents in the war resulted in the spreading of the war into the North West parts of Pakistan.
Freedom of Speech: Julian Assange and ‘WikiLeaks’ Case Another significant issue is that the precedent of WikiLeaks questions the power of traditional journalism to articulate the needs of the society and to monitor the governments.
Do Urban Environments Promote Freedom? Lastly, it is the heterogenic environment that contributes largely to the cultivation of the feeling of freedom in the inhabitants of urban cities.
Claiming the Freedom to Shape Politics In addition, this paper also shows that ordinary people claim the freedom to shape politics because politics influence human rights, and the violation of human rights in one part of the world affects another.
US Progress in Freedom, Equality and Power Since Civil War When it comes to the pursuit of freedom and ideals of democracy, progress since the Civil War can be seen in the establishment of a sufficiently capable Federal government, efficient judiciary and presidency systems with […]
Religious Freedom and Labor Law Therefore, it is important for the human resource managers to come up with ways of addressing religious requests in relation to the current labor laws.
Gilded Age and Progressive Era Freedom Challenges They used that fact in their attempt to argue that the slavery of African Americans was natural as well and that it should not be abolished.
Philosophical Approach to Freedom and Determinism The rationale is that Dave’s action was not the outcome of who he was and what he believed, the values he held or his desires.
The Life of a Freedom Fighter in Post WWII Palestine As World War II was coming to an end, the Zionist Movement leaders were hopeful that the British government would amend the White Paper policy, allow the Jews to migrate to Eretz, Israel, and govern […]
Fighting for Freedom of American Identity in Literature Loyalty is one of the themes in the story, as the boy is confused on whether to side with the family or the law.
“Human Freedom and the Self” by Roderick Chisholm According to the author, human actions do not depend on determinism or “free will”. I will use this idea in order to promote the best actions.
Advertising and Freedom of Speech According to Liodice, the marketer should provide the best information to the targeted consumer. The duty of the marketer is to educate and inform the consumer about the unique features of his or her product.
How the Law Limits Academic Freedom? The majority of academicians treasure the protections that are as a result of academic freedom. Academic freedom is only permitted in the higher institutions of learning.
The Issue of American Freedom in Toni Morrison’s “Beloved” This is evident from the novel’s ending where the author gives a disclaimer against the story disappearing like the experiences of the slaves who perished during slavery.”Beloved” is a postmodern novel that is able to […]
The Jewish Freedom Fighter Recollection We are in urgent need of a nation of our own, but must be willing to respond to the issue of Arab inhabitants within our territory.
Kuwait’s Opposition and the Freedom of Expression The political system in the country has played a major role in limiting the freedom of media because the royal family is very keen on thwarting any form of rebellion against the government.
Abraham Lincoln: A Legacy of Freedom He also implemented an act on National Banking, which led to the establishment of a common currency in the nation and allowed for the development of a union of all the banks in the nation.
Freedom of Speech and Expression This implies that autonomy is the epitome of the freedom of expression in many ways. Perhaps, this is the point of diversion between autonomy and restriction of the freedom of expression.
Multicultural Education: Freedom or Oppression It is apparent that the level of school dropouts in the education system is still affecting the minority in the society.
“The Freedom of the Streets: Work, Citizenship, and Sexuality in a Gilded Age City” by Sharon Wood In the book, ‘The Freedom of the Streets’, Sharon Wood explores the socioeconomic challenges of Davenport’s women in the aftermath of the Civil War.
Information Freedom in Government
Dr.Knightly’s Problems in Academic Freedom
Mill on Liberty and Freedom
Texas Women University Academic Freedom
Freedom and the Role of Civilization
Freedom of speech in the Balkans
“Freedom Riders”: A Documentary Revealing Personal Stories That Reflect Individual Ideology
Rivalry and Central Planning by Don Lavoie: Study Analysis
Review of “Freedom Writers”
Freedom Degree in Colonial America
Is the Contemporary City a Space of Control or Freedom?
Native Americans Transition From Freedom to Isolation
Environmentalism and Economic Freedom
Freedom of Speech in China and Political Reform
Colonial Women’s Freedom in Society
The S.E.C. and the Freedom of Information Act
Freedom of the Press
Coming of Age in Mississippi: The Black Freedom Movement
Human Freedom as Contextual Deliberation
The Required Freedom and Democracy in Afghanistan
PRISM Program: Freedom v. Order
Human rights and freedoms
Controversies Over Freedom of Speech and Internet Postings
Gender and the Black Freedom Movement
Rousseau and Kant on their respective accounts of freedom and right
Culture and the Black Freedom Struggle
Freedom from Poverty as a Human Right and the UN Declaration of Human Rights
Personal Freedom in A Doll’s House, A Room of One’s Own, and Diary of a Madman
Hegel’s Ideas on Action, Morality, Ethics and Freedom
Satre human freedom
The Ideas of Freedom and Slavery in Relation to the American Revolution
Psychological Freedom
The Freedom Concept
Television Effects & Freedoms
Government’s control versus Freedom of Speech and Thoughts
Freedom of Speech: Exploring Proper Limits
Freedom of the Will
Women in Early America: Struggle, Survival, and Freedom in a New World
Benefits of Post 9/11 Security Measures Fails to Outway Harm on Personal Freedom and Privacy

✍️ Freedom Essay Topics for College

Civil Liberties: Freedom of the Media
Human Freedom and Personal Identity
Why Free Speech Is An Important Freedom
The meaning of the word “freedom” in the context of the 1850s!
American History: Freedom and Progress
The Free Exercise Thereof: Freedom of Religion in the First Amendment
Twilight: Freedom of Choices by the Main Character
Frank Kermode: Timelessness and Freedom of Expression
The meaning of freedom today
Human Nature and the Freedom of Speech in Different Countries
What Is the Relationship Between Personal Freedom and Democracy?
How Does Religion Limit Human Freedom?
What Is the Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Fluctuations in Welfare?
How Effectively the Constitution Protects Freedom?
Why Should Myanmar Have Similar Freedom of Speech Protections to the United States?
Should Economics Educators Care About Students’ Academic Freedom?
Why Freedom and Equality Is an Artificial Creation Created?
How the Attitudes and Freedom of Expression Changed for African Americans Over the Years?
What Are the Limits of Freedom of Speech?
How Far Should the Right to Freedom of Speech Extend?
Is There a Possible Relationship Between Human Rights and Freedom of Expression and Opinion?
How Technology Expanded Freedom in the Society?
Why Did Jefferson Argue That Religious Freedom Is Needed?
How the Civil War Sculpted How Americans Viewed Their Nation and Freedom?
Should Society Limit the Freedom of Individuals?
Why Should Parents Give Their Children Freedom?
Was Operation Iraqi Freedom a Legitimate and Just War?
Could Increasing Political Freedom Be the Key To Reducing Threats?
How Does Financial Freedom Help in Life?
What Are Human Rights and Freedoms in Modern Society?
How the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom Affects the Canadian Politics?
Why Should Schools Allow Religious Freedom?
Does Internet Censorship Threaten Free Speech?
How Did the American Civil War Lead To the Defeat of Slavery and Attainment of Freedom by African Americans?
Why Are Men Willing To Give Up Their Freedom?
How Did the Economic Development of the Gilded Age Affect American Freedom?
Should Artists Have Total Freedom of Expression?
How Does Democracy, Economic Freedom, and Taxation Affect the Residents of the European Union?
What Restrictions Should There Be, if Any, on the Freedom of the Press?
How To Achieving Early Retirement With Financial Freedom?
Liberalism Research Topics
Civil Disobedience Essay Topics
Tolerance Essay Ideas
First Amendment Research Topics
Social Democracy Essay Titles
Personal Ethics Titles
Justice Questions
American Dream Research Topics
Chicago (A-D)
Chicago (N-B)

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Argumentative Essay On Safety Vs Freedom

Related essays:.

Freedom Versus Security: Can We Find the Right Balance?

Social Behavior

[ Transcript follows]

During the pandemic and when other natural disasters strike, governments may curtail certain liberties in an effort to save lives. These compromises also happen in everyday life, from seatbelt laws to food-safety regulations. A paper published in Perspectives on Psychological Science , however, suggests that restricting freedoms may have other unintended negative consequences for behavior and health. One of the authors, Nathan Cheek with Princeton University, explains how there may be a balance that can be achieved and how psychological science could help policymakers promote public health , safety, and well-being in times of crisis.

Auto-generated transcript

Charles Blue (00:12)

There is an often misstated and misunderstood quote by Benjamin Franklin, which reads, “Those who would give up essential Liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither Liberty nor safety. Though often used rhetorically to denounce impositions or laws restricting certain behaviors, Franklin was actually referring to a specific tax dispute. This quote is therefore more accurately a pro-taxation and pro-defense spending statement than a quote supporting the absolute preservation of freedoms. During the Pandemic and other natural disasters, many actions are taken by governments to save lives at the cost of certain liberties. This is even in everyday life, from seatbelt laws to food safety regulations. The worthy objective of these restrictions is to protect people by imposing limits on what they are free to do. A new article published in Perspectives on Psychological Science , however, suggests there may be unintended consequences. Restricting freedoms may have negative consequences for behavior and health. This paper suggests that there is a balance that can be achieved and that psychology can help policymakers promote public health, safety, and well being when crises and disasters strike. I’m Charles Blue and you’re listening to Under the Cortex today.

Charles Blue (01:33)

I have with me, Nathan Cheek with Princeton University and lead author on this paper. Thank you for joining me today.

Nathan Cheek (01:40)

Thanks so much for having me. I’m happy to be here to set the stage.

Charles Blue (01:44)

Can you tell us what did you set out to study and why?

Nathan Cheek (01:49)

Absolutely. So my co-authors and I started having conversations about the many changes we were seeing in the wake of the Pandemic. So in the first few months, we saw dramatic world changes, extreme public policies that for many of us were relatively unprecedented, whether it was in the form of restrictions, social distancing requirements, work from home mandates, and many other things. And as these were unfolding, we were wondering what the psychological consequences would be of these dramatic changes. And then some early data coming out of Italy suggested that the psychology of freedom needed to be taken more seriously. And in fact, in a nationally representative sample of Italians, the most frequently reported new negative consequence of the lockdown was restricted freedom, even above things like financial burdens and social isolation. So clearly we need to be taking freedom seriously. As we were doing this work, we found that there were two broad clusters of negative consequences that seem to emerge when people face these kinds of new restrictions. The first is a cluster of mental and physical health consequences. It hurts to have freedom taken away, sometimes quite literally. And the second cluster was around negative behavioral responses ranging from things like noncompliance to more extreme manifestations of reactants in the form of, for example, public protest.

Charles Blue (03:08)

Your paper implies that there may be an important middle ground and specific tactics that policymakers could use to protect health. This is sort of balancing out the freedom versus protecting public good. Could you spell those out for us.

Nathan Cheek (03:24)

Absolutely. Yeah. So we suggest that if you, as a policymaker, take the psychology of freedom seriously, then you realize it’s important to balance new restrictions with some other methods of either maintaining a sense of freedom or the very least helping people see the value of increased restrictions. So we try to summarize a lot of behavioral science research around this topic in a set of four easy principles that we call safe principles and that’s an acronym for spelling out the benefits of restricting freedom, attaching a moral value to behaviors both desired and undesired, reframing restrictions as freedom from and encouraging freedom in other ways. So I can sort of briefly walk you through each of those one by one.

Charles Blue (04:05)

Yeah, let’s go ahead and dive down that path because those all seem to make kind of sense, but I’m not sure how they would be implemented.

Nathan Cheek (04:13)

Yeah. So the first spelling out the benefits of freedom can be implemented in different ways. It’s really all about making the reasons why restrictive freedom is a good thing more salient. So you can do this by invoking compelling and memorable narratives, maybe focusing on one particular person and having that be a salient example in people’s minds. You can do it by spelling out the many different groups of people who would be benefited by adhering to new restrictions from loved ones, family and friends to children to older adults to compromised individuals and other people who might just be more vulnerable. You can also do it sometimes by effectively invoking threats. So really emphasizing the danger that’s posed by the pandemic or by other sources of threat. And what I would say there is that it’s important when using those kinds of fear appeals to just make sure that people have a sense of self efficacy, that they can do something about it, because if you just make people scared, then they become resigned and they feel panicked and trapped. But if you make them feel like there’s a clear thing they can do, like effectively social distancing or staying at home, then threat might be more effective as well. The second principle is about attaching a moral value, and that’s about framing restrictions in terms of right and wrong. And so we know from a lot of work on moral cognition that moral framings are potentially really powerful drivers of behavior. And you’ve seen examples of this throughout history. So things like littering and drunk driving, there’s a lot of activism around making those about right and wrong rather than, say personal freedom. And that’s why I think many of us were more accepting of public policies restricting those behaviors. And I think you can see the power of moral framing in everyday actions, like why do we return a shopping cart to sort of the shopping cart Loading spot after grocery shopping.

Charles Blue (06:05)

Or we wish people did.

Nathan Cheek (06:06)

Yeah. Or we wish people did. And that’s because we see it as a moral action. So when I do that, it’s not because I think I’m going to be punished. No one is going to do anything to me if I just leave it by where my car was parked. But I take the extra steps of bringing it back just because I know it’s like the right thing to do. So moral framework, at least for those of us who return our shopping cards, can be potentially powerful. The third principle is about reframing restrictions as freedom from so many of these public policies aimed at increasing security can be thought of as ways of increasing a different kind of freedom. They might be limiting your freedom to do whatever you want, but they might be increasing your freedom from threats. So, for example, you see this in the history of smoking bans in the United States. For a long time, smoking was thought of as an individual Liberty, and so attempts to ban smoking would be seen as a real restriction on what you’re free to do. But then the conversation shifted and became more about secondhand smoke and the danger of smoking posed to other people.

Nathan Cheek (07:09)

And once it became a conversation about protecting others individual freedom from the threat of secondhand smoking or other kinds of security threats, then suddenly it became more defensible and more accepted to have these kinds of smoking bans. And so that kind of reframing can be really effective. And I think sometimes it’s so clear to us that we take it for granted. So you don’t see public protests around bans on Hasbro for using lead paint and children’s toys. And that’s because it’s so clear to us that we want children to be free from that kind of threat. So it’s just about understanding new policies through that same kind of light that we often accept. And then the final principle, encouraging freedom other ways Is about finding new outlets for people to exercise freedom. So as you’re losing some perceived freedoms to gain security, Maybe there are other ways either at the individual level or the more structural, collective level that you can see ways to increase your freedom as well. So I think when many of us adopted new habits like becoming obsessed with baking sourdough, that was a way of exercising agency, Taking on something new.

Nathan Cheek (08:12)

It was probably about passing the time, But I think also just exercising this freedom of choice. And then I think there’s a lot of room for policy makers to facilitate that kind of thing. A couple of examples would just be putting more funding towards resources like online libraries and Museum tours in ways that allow us to virtually explore the world as well as amenities like public parks and hiking trails Where we can get out of the world, exercise our freedom Even as we’re also under many restrictions.

Charles Blue (08:39)

I want to go back to something you said earlier. And it struck me that you said that the loss of freedom hurts almost as if it’s a physical injury or damage that a person suffers when they were real or not feel they have given up a type of freedom. Could you explain that a little bit more? What do you mean when someone is physically hurt by giving up a freedom?

Nathan Cheek (09:01)

Yeah, so partly I’m invoking metaphor here, but in a sense, we do see a lot of research that connects people’s sense of autonomy to their physical wellbeing. And a lot of that work is under the umbrella of self determination theory which argues that a sense of autonomy, a free choice of freedom is one of the fundamental needs that all people have and that can look different across different cultural contexts. But all of us need to feel some kind of sense of agency or freedom to pursue what we want to do. And so when we have that freedom taken away, It causes mental pain and sometimes physical pain as we suffer the physical and mental health consequences of having that kind of restriction.

Charles Blue (09:42)

This may not come under the umbrella of your research, but has there been anyone who’s looked into just changing the term freedom? Because I hear comments Reading online that people no longer have the freedom to go to the store? Well, no, that’s not been taken away. You have that freedom, but to exercise that freedom, you are being asked to do something. So even just taking the term freedom off the table, is that such a lightning Rod of a term that even keeping it into the discussion is making it a harder effort to enact policies and to change behavior?

Nathan Cheek (10:22)

I think that’s a really interesting suggestion. I think it certainly could be. And I think particularly in the US, freedom is, like you said, sort of a hot button word itself. And it is in some ways a symbolic word for many other political discussions and debates that we have framing that in terms of choice or maybe framing that as. Yeah, not specifically about this sort of magical and powerful word. Freedom might be a way forward. Absolutely.

Charles Blue (10:49)

That ties into my next question, because we are hearing a lot these days about groups and individuals fighting against what they feel are unbearable restrictions on their freedom in the name of safety. This is not a new rallying cry. What does your research tell us about the problem of today?

Nathan Cheek (11:07)

Yeah. I mean, I think the first thing that research tells us and this is exactly what you said, which is that this isn’t necessarily a new problem. So when we look at the history of pandemics, the new public policies that emerge in an attempt to increase public health and public safety are almost always met with resistance. We can see that in the protests in California during the early 20th century, flu pandemic, where there was the formation of the California Antimask League. There were riots in Liverpool during the cholera outbreak in the 18 hundreds in England. So there’s a history of this kind of resistance. And then we also just see from many other kinds of public policy, attempts to require seat belts, require helmets, banned smoking ban, firearms, and these other freedom related public policies are met with a profound resistance. And so in that way research, we just really see that this is a common recurring theme. The research also suggests, like we’ve talked about, that there are some ways forward. So we have seen that you can get past this kind of resistance. So with the right kind of collective action and public policies, we are able to move forward.

Nathan Cheek (12:18)

I think relatively few of us feel a lot of resistance when we put on seatbelts today, when we drive, but that wasn’t always the case. And so that’s changed a lot. And so there are ways forward as well.

Charles Blue (12:28)

I do recall when the seat belt was first coming out. That was when I was in driver education and my parents never had that. So I had to refuse to get in the car until they decided to start wearing their seatbelts. And well, that worked for them. But it’s not something that you see any, I guess, knee jerk reactions against anymore that’s just accepted.

As we look back two years ago, what could policy makers have done better at the outset of the pandemic, and perhaps what could they do now that they aren’t doing?

Nathan Cheek (13:02)

Yeah, it’s a great question. And one great thing would have been to, I think, more deeply anticipate some of the consequences that we saw. So in terms of mental and physical health effects of restricted freedom, I think doubling down on government and public infrastructure for things like mental health care resources would have been great. And it would have been also great to start building, even from the beginning a plan to deal with vaccine resistance, which there was a relatively large body of literature on already and could have been, I think, more accurately anticipated. So that when vaccines started to roll out, maybe there was some more effective strategies in place to start dealing with that. I think also building an infrastructure with structural support for things that people need, like health care resources, like financial support for people who are struggling, would have been really helpful because it would lessen the health burdens that we saw. But also it would help people accept new restrictions. So it’s easier to accept the consequences of maybe not being able to go into work if that’s accompanied by a stimulus check and a rent freeze. So there are other kinds of resources you have at your disposal that make it easier to live under these kinds of new restrictions.

Nathan Cheek (14:11)

I think also one of the most profoundly ineffective things we saw was that the pandemic was politicized, at least in the United States. And so we see that in the ongoing pandemic where research has shown, for example, that counties that had a higher percentage of people voting for Donald Trump in the election or that consume more conservative news have higher rates of death from COVID and also just show less adherence to behavioral restrictions and guidelines. But you also see it with other kinds of disasters. So an affecting example is the trajectory over history of Hurricane evacuations, where it used to be the case that Hurricanes were not very politicized. And so you didn’t see any relation between county politics and Hurricane evacuations. But in 2017, a research team found for the first time that the share of Republican voters was related to less compliance with evacuations around Hurricane Irma. So that’s an example of disasters don’t have to be politicized. They’re not necessarily inherently political, but then they also can be politicized over time, if that’s what public figures choose to do.

Charles Blue (15:22)

And there is sort of a foundational understanding in strategic communications that you have to get out ahead of other messages. The first message is usually the one that is the most sticky. And once that message becomes politicized, it’s too late to pull it back. It’s already been us-them’ed. Last question then. So where do we go from here moving forward? What’s a good next step if we’re to make things just a little bit better?

Nathan Cheek (15:52)

Yeah. I mean, that’s the million dollar question, and I think politicization is a huge problem. But I think even with that, there are ways to move forward. We need a government and public policy efforts that build more trust and more infrastructure. So trust is really related to compliance. There’s a lot of research Where even things like smoking bans, People who have more public trust Are more likely to adhere to them. And so I think building that kind of trust is really important, and the government can do that by passing policies that people see as tangibly helping them. So things like stimulus checks, More health care resources, Public amenities, and resources like parks, libraries, transportation, voting rights, Things like public child care resources can be really useful. When people see that public officials are taking this seriously, but also trying to help people, Then that increases the public’s will to adhere to these restrictions. And I think good examples of that range from things like cities passing new drinking ordinances Where people can drink outside So they don’t have to go inside to restaurants and bars to things like rent freezes. And those can be good, but they just didn’t seem to be permanent.

Nathan Cheek ( 16:56)

And then I also think trying to adopt some of these principles, Helping people understand that we’re probably going to be in this situation for many more months and most likely years to come. And so it’s not about finding a fix that lasts just a short amount of time. It’s about taking seriously the changes that we need to make long term and so reframing these restrictions, thinking about them in moral terms, finding other ways to exercise free choice and finding ways to really understand the important and ongoing value of these restrictions Are going to be really essential going forward.

Charles Blue (17:32)

And hopefully we can find some of those tools and enact them. I wait for the day when we’re back to life closer to normal.

Nathan Cheek (17:40)

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 10, October-2013

ISSN 2229-5518

Safety Versus Freedom: An Eternal Fallacy

Unveiled in Modern America

Abstract —Ayn Rand, a famous Russian-American essayist known for her views on political philosophy, argued in the 1990s that the definition of freedom, in and of itself, was unique in that it was mutually exclusive of the basic fundamentals of security. This is evident today as the public seems to be aware of only two dichotomized mediums in public policy, freedom or safety. The following paper embarks on a chronological journey that analyzes the origins of this false dichotomy in Thomas Hobbes’, Leviathan , and later moves toward more contemporary issues that have been entrenched in this century-long debate, ultimately providing a conclusion that will hopefully resolve the enigma between safety and freedom.

Index Terms — Safety, freedom, dichotomy, debate, polarization, Kavi, critical thinking, political, philosophy, societal

—————————— u ——————————

I NTRODUCTION

“they who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.” benjamin franklin [1].

Ayn Rand, acclaimed Russian-American essayist, provocatively writes, “Freedom has only one meaning: the absence of physical coercion” [2]. Too often in modern society, freedom and safety are juxtaposed, seen as mutually exclusive concepts that can never coexist in reality without being seen as heretical. However, this is not the case. In fact, when essayist H.L. Mencken writes, “The average man does not want to be free. He simply wants to be safe,” [3] he is illogically presuming that there is an inherent trade-off between the two concepts, when, in reality, the effectiveness of one is entwined with the potency of the other. This incontrovertible truth solidifies Rand’s statement as inherently true: that man is free to act when he is unthreatened by others, that a man’s safety is dependent upon the freedom he is given, and that a man who experiences physical coercion and insecurity is being violated of his right to live free from oppression. Freedom and safety are truly symbiotic concepts whose coexistence affects the individual components. Therefore, freedom and safety are intertwined, meant to exist together. Only through a constant, yet balanced securitization can individuals truly exist in an environment that bolsters freedom, and, similarly, only through a careful allotment of rights can individuals exist in an environment that values safety.

A H ISTORICAL A NALYSIS OF H OBBES

So why does society see security and freedom as mutually exclusive? What are the origins of this enduring fallacy? And how can we break down this fallacy? The root of the debate over freedom vs. safety can be traced to the 17 th century philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, as his ideas are the primary reason contemporary society sees the concept as security VERSUS freedom as opposed to security AND freedom. On a superficial level, the idea seems to have some veracity as logically, government security enhancements do indeed curtail individual freedom; however, the debate over its utility arises with libertarians seeing it as yet another method of oppressive bio-political control and conservatives interpreting it as an inherent necessity. So the incendiary question arises, does one choose freedom or safety? With only one option, one is left in a quandary in which either answer will never result in a positive outcome. Too much freedom leads to the proliferation of atrocities unchecked by government control, and too much security leads to the complete shattering of any “rights.” Fortunately, the question and its groundings are misconceptions that originated with a flawed misinterpretation of Hobbes’ philosophy and the subsequent creation of a “false alternative.” In his novel, Leviathan , Hobbes pursues an answer to the perennial question of freedom and safety through a description of complete freedom and complete safety. Hobbes views complete freedom as a state of pre-government, in which there is a “war of all against all” and individuals victimize others and protect themselves from predators [4]. This free-for-all concept, free from government coercion and authoritative rule, is Hobbes’ concept of complete freedom. At the other end of the spectrum is the image of totalized security, the government controlling with an iron fist. Any act outside the pre-established boundaries of social conventions is punished severely and seen as a threat to the safety of the state. This is Hobbes’ conception of complete safety [4]. The juxtaposition of the two extremes and the dichotomy that Hobbes’ identified between the two concepts has endured till this day; therefore, in modern society, both liberals and conservatives look down the middle and flock to whichever side they see the lesser of the two evils. For liberals presented with the threat of a bio-political government vs. the threat of terrorists, they see the lesser of two evils as accepting terrorism yet living free. For conservatives presented with the threat of a bio-political government vs. the threat of Islamic terrorism, the lesser of two evils is to accept an oppressive government that protects the people from external threats. However, both sides are wrong because Hobbes mischaracterized freedom and safety as polarized extremes. This led to the creation of a false conception of reality, and only by accepting this reality is society misled in believing that the interests of those who want freedom and that of those who want security are conflicting when, in fact, they are analogous. Those who want increased security measures are, in fact propagating the expansion of freedom, IJSER ©2013 isjer.org

as society is only free when unhampered by the “physical coercions” and the insecurity that Rand describes. It is these security measures that allow one to have the rights that he has. And it is these security measures that protect one’s rights.

A M ODERN A NALYSIS OF G UN C ONTROL

The coexistence of safety and freedom can be empirically seen in the real world with the debate over gun control and its implications on the American mindset of freedom. The availability of guns directly counters conventional modes of thinking that an increase in freedom scale as Bandow points out that “Gun-owning societies also are notably less corrupt” and that not only does gun- ownership “promote liberty” but can also be used as a tool to enhance safety and “enable a free people to resist foreign invasion and occupation” [7]. In this instance, it is clear that an increase in freedom is not trade off with security and safety.

Fig. 1 [6]. August CNN/ORC Poll-‐ The figure graphically illustrates that public support for gun control laws follows a trend of balance between security and freedom-‐ the public is generally against a total ban of guns, yet still want certain checks in place

leads to a decrease in safety. DiNenna, reporter for the Baltimore Sun, writes in her article that the average police response time in America is six minutes, while the average time it takes to draw a gun is approximately 15 seconds [5]. As a result, opponents of gun control know that freedoms such as the ownership of guns are necessary for the propagation of safety. Though many argue that the increased and sanctioned availability of guns allows a psychopathic murderer to obtain one much more easily, the argument falls apart when one logically takes into consideration that a criminal, with a purpose to kill, will not hesitate to break the law and obtain a gun illegally. Those with a motive will continue to commit atrocities, and only the ownership of guns provides the necessary self-defense to protect helpless victims. Tucci exposes this truth when he writes that, “gun- control laws have no net effect on violence or crime rates, because the benefits of widespread gun ownership cancel out the costs.” Doug Bandow, editor for the American Spectator, expands upon this when he states that gun violence reflects “human evil , not gun ownership” and that gun violence should not be used as a justification “to disarm the responsible and law-abiding” [7]. What Tucci and Bandow are ultimately trying to show is that “guns deter criminals” and there is substantiated evidence that indicates that “burglars are less likely to target occupied homes or businesses in countries with high rates of gun ownership than they are in countries with low rates of gun ownership” [8]. This trend can also be seen at a much larger

Fig. 2 [6] Gallup Poll-‐ The figure graphically illustrates Gun ownership has been steadily declining in the United States. Why then has number of deaths per gun violence increased in this period of time?

Au contraire, a marginal increase in freedom actually increases safety, proving the two to be mutually inclusive rather than exclusive (fig. 2). The Gallup Poll provides evidence to this very fact. Ezra Klein, Washington Post Journalist, writes, “ Of the 11 deadliest shootings in the US, five have happened from 2007 onward [6].” Combine the Gallop Poll study and Klein’s analysis of gun violence and you get a very clear picture that the decrease in gun ownership has, in fact, led to more gun violence. This indicates that a decrease in freedom has led to a subsequent decrease in security. Clearly, only a perfect balance can maximize both freedom and safety within a society.

A IRPORT SECURITY – A TESTAMENT FOR CO -

In order to further prove the argument incontrovertible, one can look towards modern airport security and its impact on safety and freedom. Support for airport security measures such as full-body scans follows a similar line of thought as that of gun control. What’s interesting to note is that one viewpoint “supports” freedom (the ownership of guns) whereas the other viewpoint “supports” a limitation of freedom (airport security) for the ultimate purpose of achieving security. By looking at airport security through Hobbes’ perspective, it would appear that airport security is a detriment to freedom and yet another tool of manipulation by an overbearing government that places the advancement of safety at its core. However, this viewpoint is parochial in nature because it fails to take into account the long-term effects of increased airport security. Only through airport security can one enjoy the benefits of flying and be free from the threat of terrorists looking to hijack planes. Only IJSER ©2013 isjer.org

through airport security can one have the right to live. Only through airport security is freedom ultimately heightened. Ian Stevenson mirrors this thought when he states that, “Others also have some rights, including the right to survive” [9].

Fig. 3 [10] CBS New Poll-‐ The figure illustrates that 4 in 5 Americans support the use of full-‐body scanners in airports – demonstrating the value of a decrease in freedom initially to increase it in the

Fig. 3 is yet another testament to the fact that decreasing freedom is just a medium to achieving more freedom in the long-run. With the constant threat of a terrorist attack in a world without comprehensive airport security, citizens would not be able to enjoy the freedom of travelling as they once used to. Freedom and security truly go hand in hand. An empirical example of this can been seen in the recently held London Olympic games, which thousands of individuals from all over the world attended; in this specific instance, airport security was of the essence to “deliver a safe and secure Games” [11]. Without adequate security, a repeat of the year-prior suicide bomb attempt in London would have been inevitable, and the games would have been canceled as a result. Therefore it is true that the success and freedom to enjoy the Olympic games was a direct result of the safety the government provided. This can also be seen in the attempted hijacking of the Northwest Airlines Flight 253 by a suicide bomber “with explosives sewn into the crotch of his pants” [9]. Only through stringent security measures, revealing x-rays, and scrutinizing body scans was the criminal found and were the lives of the 250 people aboard the plane, saved. Had there been a lack of security, the lives of those on the plane would have been lost, and their right to live would have been shattered.

C ONCLUSION

Clearly, in order to maximize the potency of both, security and freedom must be viewed in conjunction within society, seen as mutually inclusive societal concepts whose coexistence fortifies the benefits of each individual counterpart. Too often has society fallen astray to the fallacy that both cannot exist together as a result of a reliance on Hobbes’ incorrect philosophy concerning freedom and safety in Leviathan . In order to perfect society by balancing both concepts, one must dismiss his predilection towards viewing both as extremes, demystify himself from Hobbes’ “false alternative,” and wholly accept both as intertwined concepts. Only by doing so can one enjoy the benefits of freedom gained from increased rights, as well as be reassured of safety in an inherently volatile and menacing world. The debate over safety and freedom brings forth an unfortunate truth about society’s inclination towards the extremes. Whether it is between security and freedom, justice and revenge, or isolation and immersion, finding a common ground between two concepts is seen as elusive as achieving utopia. Due to this provincial perspective, society has a predilection to flock to an extreme under the presumption that only one can realistically exist. This, however, leads to a complete stagnation of progress, as society can never move towards fostering an environment in which the benefits of both concepts can be reaped. Therefore, only by accepting the possibility of coexistence can society truly change for the better. So, when one questions whether or not the average man wants to be free or safe, the answer is clearly - BOTH.

A CKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author of this research paper would like to thank Dartmouth College for providing access to a variety of research materials that were instrumental in completing this analysis.

R EFERENCES

[1] Franklin, Benjamin. "3929. Benjamin Franklin. 1706-1790. John Bartlett, Comp. 1919. Familiar Quotations, 10th Ed." Bartleby . N.p., 1755. Web. 25 Aug. 2013.

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[2] Rand, Ayn. "Physical Force." Ayn Rand Lexicon . N.p., n.d. Web. 25

<http://aynrandlexicon.com/lexicon/physical_force.html>.

[3] Mencken, H. L. Notes on Democracy . New York: A.A. Knopf, 1926.

[4] Stahl, Noah. "Freedom Versus Security: The False Alternative - The Undercurrent." The Undercurrent - “It was as if an underground stream flowed through the country and broke out in sudden springs that shot to the surface at random, in unpredictable places.”– Ayn Rand . The Undercurrent, 2 Nov.

2006. Web. 22 Feb. 2013. <http://the-

undercurrent.com/freedom-versus-security-the-false- alternative/>.

[5] DiNenna, Jennifer. "Gun control only hurts the law-abiding - Baltimore Sun." Featured Articles From The Baltimore Sun . The Baltimore Sun, 25 Jan. 2013. Web. 22 Feb. 2013.

<http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-01-25/news/bs- ed-gun-control-letter-20130125_1_illegal-firearms-law- abiding-citizens-gun-legislation>.

[6] Klein, Ezra. "Twelve Facts about Guns and Mass Shootings in the

United States." Washington Post . N.p., 14 Dec. 12. Web. 23

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2012/12/14/nine-facts-about-guns-and-mass-shootings-in-

the-united-states/?s>.

[7] Bandow, Doug. "Guns and Freedom." Special Report . The American

Spectator, 24 Jan. 13. Web. 5 Apr. 2013.

<http://spectator.org/archives/2013/01/24/guns-and- freedom>.

[8] Tucci, Peter. "Why I'm against gun control | The Daily Caller." The

Daily Caller . N.p., 17 Dec. 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2013.

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control/>.

[9] Stevenson, Ian. "Airport Security: Necessity or a Violation of Our

Rights?." Technorati . Technorati, Inc, 16 Nov. 2010. Web. 21

Feb. 2013. <http://technorati.com/politics/article/airport- security-necessity-or-a-violation/>.

[10] Condon, Stephanie. "Poll: 4 in 5 Support Full-Body Airport

Scanners." CBSNews . CBS Interactive, n.d. Web. 25 Aug.

2013. <http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-

20022876-503544.html>.

[11] Hutchinson, Bill. "Transportation and Security Administration Inspectors Will Be Posted at British Airports in Effort to Beef up Safety at Olympic Games in London." NY Daily News. N.p., 17 July 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2013.

Freedom Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on freedom.

Freedom is something that everybody has heard of but if you ask for its meaning then everyone will give you different meaning. This is so because everyone has a different opinion about freedom. For some freedom means the freedom of going anywhere they like, for some it means to speak up form themselves, and for some, it is liberty of doing anything they like.

Meaning of Freedom

The real meaning of freedom according to books is. Freedom refers to a state of independence where you can do what you like without any restriction by anyone. Moreover, freedom can be called a state of mind where you have the right and freedom of doing what you can think off. Also, you can feel freedom from within.

The Indian Freedom

Indian is a country which was earlier ruled by Britisher and to get rid of these rulers India fight back and earn their freedom. But during this long fight, many people lost their lives and because of the sacrifice of those people and every citizen of the country, India is a free country and the world largest democracy in the world.

Moreover, after independence India become one of those countries who give his citizen some freedom right without and restrictions.

The Indian Freedom Right

India drafted a constitution during the days of struggle with the Britishers and after independence it became applicable. In this constitution, the Indian citizen was given several fundaments right which is applicable to all citizen equally. More importantly, these right are the freedom that the constitution has given to every citizen.

These right are right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion¸ culture and educational right, right to constitutional remedies, right to education. All these right give every freedom that they can’t get in any other country.

Value of Freedom

The real value of anything can only be understood by those who have earned it or who have sacrificed their lives for it. Freedom also means liberalization from oppression. It also means the freedom from racism, from harm, from the opposition, from discrimination and many more things.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Freedom does not mean that you violate others right, it does not mean that you disregard other rights. Moreover, freedom means enchanting the beauty of nature and the environment around us.

The Freedom of Speech

Freedom of speech is the most common and prominent right that every citizen enjoy. Also, it is important because it is essential for the all-over development of the country.

Moreover, it gives way to open debates that helps in the discussion of thought and ideas that are essential for the growth of society.

Besides, this is the only right that links with all the other rights closely. More importantly, it is essential to express one’s view of his/her view about society and other things.

To conclude, we can say that Freedom is not what we think it is. It is a psychological concept everyone has different views on. Similarly, it has a different value for different people. But freedom links with happiness in a broadway.

FAQs on Freedom

Q.1 What is the true meaning of freedom? A.1 Freedom truly means giving equal opportunity to everyone for liberty and pursuit of happiness.

Q.2 What is freedom of expression means? A.2 Freedom of expression means the freedom to express one’s own ideas and opinions through the medium of writing, speech, and other forms of communication without causing any harm to someone’s reputation.

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Texting while Driving: a Modern Epidemic

How it works

Mobile phones are everywhere now, right? We can’t seem to live without them. But there’s a downside, especially when folks text while driving. This has turned into a big safety concern, causing lots of car accidents and even deaths. We know texting while driving is dangerous, and it’s important to really understand how bad it is. We need solid facts and good policies to tackle this issue.

1 The Scope of the Problem
2 Psychological and Cognitive Implications
3 Legal and Policy Measures
4 Educational Initiatives and Public Awareness
5 Conclusion

The Scope of the Problem

Texting while driving is a big part of distracted driving.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) said that in 2019, distracted driving killed 3,142 people in the U.S. Texting is a triple threat: it takes your hands off the wheel, eyes off the road, and mind off driving. A study by Virginia Tech showed that texting makes you 23 times more likely to crash than if you’re not distracted.

Young drivers seem to be the worst offenders. The AAA Foundation found that while 94% of teens know texting and driving is dangerous, 35% admit they do it anyway. This shows we really need to find ways to get young drivers to stop this risky behavior.

Psychological and Cognitive Implications

Texting takes a lot of brain power. You have to think about what you’re typing, which takes your mind off driving. This makes it harder to process info, make quick decisions, and react to dangers on the road. Our brains aren’t good at doing two things at once, like driving and texting. A study in “Accident Analysis & Prevention” said texting drivers have reaction times as bad as those driving drunk.

There’s also something called “inattentional blindness.” This happens when you’re so focused on one thing that you miss other important stuff around you. For drivers, this means missing traffic signals, pedestrians, or other cars while texting, which can be disastrous.

Legal and Policy Measures

Because this is such a big deal, many laws have been made to stop texting while driving. By 2020, 48 states and some other places banned texting for all drivers (Governors Highway Safety Association). These laws are meant to make roads safer, but they’re only as good as how well they’re enforced. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) found that while these bans help reduce crashes, they work best when there’s strong enforcement and public awareness.

Tech can help too. Hands-free devices, voice-to-text apps, and car systems that let you talk instead of text can reduce the need to type messages. There are even apps that block texting while driving. But still, we need to promote responsible driving habits.

Educational Initiatives and Public Awareness

Education is key to fighting texting while driving. Public campaigns like the NHTSA’s “U Drive. U Text. U Pay.” help teach drivers about the risks and laws around distracted driving. These campaigns use different media to reach lots of people and stress how important it is to pay full attention while driving.

Teaching about distracted driving in driver’s ed can help new drivers develop safe habits. Schools, community groups, and advocacy organizations can work together to spread the word. Peer programs, where experienced drivers share their stories, can also help young drivers understand the dangers of texting behind the wheel.

Texting while driving is a serious safety problem that needs a multi-pronged approach. Laws, technology, and education all play a role in reducing the risks. By promoting responsible driving and using solid data to guide our actions, we can cut down on accidents and save lives. The fight against texting while driving isn’t over, but with everyone’s effort, we can make a real difference.

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Texting While Driving: A Modern Epidemic. (2024, Sep 17). Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/texting-while-driving-a-modern-epidemic/

"Texting While Driving: A Modern Epidemic." PapersOwl.com , 17 Sep 2024, https://papersowl.com/examples/texting-while-driving-a-modern-epidemic/

PapersOwl.com. (2024). Texting While Driving: A Modern Epidemic . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/texting-while-driving-a-modern-epidemic/ [Accessed: 19 Sep. 2024]

"Texting While Driving: A Modern Epidemic." PapersOwl.com, Sep 17, 2024. Accessed September 19, 2024. https://papersowl.com/examples/texting-while-driving-a-modern-epidemic/

"Texting While Driving: A Modern Epidemic," PapersOwl.com , 17-Sep-2024. [Online]. Available: https://papersowl.com/examples/texting-while-driving-a-modern-epidemic/. [Accessed: 19-Sep-2024]

PapersOwl.com. (2024). Texting While Driving: A Modern Epidemic . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/texting-while-driving-a-modern-epidemic/ [Accessed: 19-Sep-2024]

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Product Safety Information

Dear Veterinarian Letter regarding important safety information associated with the use of Zenrelia (ilunocitinib tablets) for controlling pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis in dogs

Dear Veterinarian,

We want to inform you of a new product the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved as well as important safety information, especially regarding vaccination and infections, associated with its use. Zenrelia (ilunocitinib tablets) is a new animal drug used to control pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis and to control atopic dermatitis in dogs at least 12 months of age.

Zenrelia is an immunosuppressant that is administered orally, once daily, with or without food. The active ingredient, ilunocitinib, is a non-selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, which inhibits the function of a variety of pruritogenic, pro-inflammatory, and allergy-related cytokines that are dependent on JAK enzymes. Ilunocitinib is not a corticosteroid or an antihistamine.

In two field studies in client-owned dogs, Zenrelia was shown to be effective at reducing pruritus and skin lesions in dogs with allergic dermatitis or atopy. Before using Zenrelia, read the entire package insert, including the boxed warning describing the risk of vaccine-induced disease and inadequate immune response to vaccines.

Vaccination Safety Concerns

Based on data from a vaccine response study, the FDA concluded that it is not safe to administer vaccines in dogs that are concurrently receiving Zenrelia. In the study, dogs receiving 2.4 mg/kg/day of Zenrelia (3X the maximum exposure dose) experienced drug-induced immunosuppression, which resulted in fatal vaccine-induced adenoviral hepatitis and pancreatitis in one dog; infectious enteritis that potentially contributed to a fatal intussusception in one dog; and an inadequate immune response to canine distemper and rabies vaccinations in one (of six) and four (of six) dogs, respectively. In addition to the animal safety concerns, the failure of treated dogs to mount an adequate immune response to the killed rabies vaccine raises a public health concern, given the serious zoonotic risk of rabies. These animal and public health concerns can be mitigated by withholding Zenrelia for at least 28 days to 3 months before vaccination and for at least 28 days afterward and by making sure a dog is up to date on vaccinations before starting treatment.

The 28-day to 3-month time period to discontinue Zenrelia before vaccination is based on data from the vaccine response study that showed evidence of recovery from drug-induced immunosuppression 27 to 83 days after stopping Zenrelia. A 3-month washout period for immunosuppressants before vaccination is supported by veterinary and human vaccination guidelines (2024 World Small Animal Veterinary Association and 2023 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention vaccination guidelines 1 , 2 ). The 28-day time period to withhold Zenrelia after vaccination is based on published and unpublished data on the duration of viral shedding after administration of a modified live virus vaccine. The timing of vaccine administration relative to Zenrelia use should be assessed on a case-by-case basis, with additional consideration given when rabies vaccination is involved.

Risk of Infection

Zenrelia-induced immunosuppression may increase the risk of opportunistic infections, including demodicosis, interdigital furunculosis, coccidiosis, and pneumonia, and may also exacerbate subclinical or uncomplicated infections. New neoplastic conditions (benign and malignant) were observed in dogs treated with Zenrelia during clinical studies. You should consider the risks and benefits of treatment before starting Zenrelia in a dog with a history of recurrent serious infections or recurrent demodicosis or neoplasia. You should also monitor the dog for the development of infections while on the drug.

Labeling Information

The following are summaries of important information from the drug’s labeling:

WARNING: VACCINE-INDUCED DISEASE AND INADEQUATE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO VACCINES. Based on results of the vaccine response study, dogs receiving Zenrelia are at risk of fatal vaccine-induced disease from modified live virus vaccines and inadequate immune response to any vaccine. Discontinue Zenrelia for at least 28 days to 3 months prior to vaccination and withhold Zenrelia for at least 28 days after vaccination.

ANIMAL SAFETY WARNINGS: Due to the risk of fatal vaccine-induced disease from modified live virus vaccines and inadequate immune response to any vaccine, including rabies vaccines, do not administer vaccines to a dog receiving Zenrelia. Discontinue Zenrelia for at least 28 days to 3 months prior to vaccination and withhold Zenrelia for at least 28 days after vaccination.

Dogs should be monitored for the development of infections because Zenrelia may increase susceptibility to opportunistic infections, including demodicosis, interdigital furunculosis, coccidiosis, and pneumonia, and exacerbation of subclinical or uncomplicated infections. Zenrelia is not for use in dogs with serious infections.

Zenrelia may cause a progressive or persistently decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, and/or red blood cell count without a corresponding increase in absolute reticulocyte count.

New neoplastic conditions (benign and malignant) were observed in dogs treated with Zenrelia during clinical studies.

PRECAUTIONS: Dogs should be up to date on vaccinations prior to starting Zenrelia. The safe use of Zenrelia has not been evaluated in breeding, pregnant, or lactating dogs. Decreased prostate gland weights in intact male dogs were observed in a laboratory safety study. The safe use of Zenrelia has not been evaluated in combination with glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, or other systemic immunosuppressive agents.

Freedom of Information Summary

The Freedom of Information summary, which provides a detailed summary of the effectiveness and safety studies conducted for Zenrelia, is available at Animal Drugs @ FDA .

Report Adverse Events

If one of your patients has a side effect to Zenrelia, please work with the dog owner to report the problem to Elanco US Inc at 1-888-545-5973. Elanco is required to submit reports of all adverse events associated with Zenrelia to the FDA. If you prefer to report the side effect directly to the FDA, see How to Report Animal Drug and Device Side Effects and Product Problems . Regardless of if you report the problem to Elanco or the FDA, please include information regarding the dog’s vaccination history and the timing of any recent vaccinations. The form for reporting adverse drug events (FORM FDA 1932A) does not specifically ask for vaccination information, but this is important to include due to Zenrelia’s potential vaccination safety concerns. Please also include if the dog developed any clinical infections or neoplasia after starting Zenrelia.

The FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) is committed to promoting and protecting animal health by ensuring safe and effective drugs are available for animals. For more information, please contact CVM’s Education & Outreach Staff at [email protected] .

FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine

1 Squires, RA, Crawford, C, Marcondes, M, Whitley, N. 2024 guidelines for the vaccination of dogs and cats – complied by the Vaccination Guidelines Group (VGG) of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA). J Small Anim Pract. 2024 May;65(5):277-316.

2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Altered immunocompetence general best practice guidelines for immunization. Updated Aug 1, 2023. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/immunocompetence.html . Accessed Sept 9, 2024.

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