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Lindner launches program through the Warren Bennis Leadership Institute

Program open to business professionals seeking leadership micro-credentials.

The Carl H. Lindner College of Business has announced the LevelUp Leadership Development program through the Warren Bennis Leadership Institute, an open enrollment program offering for business professionals.

The program runs from Jan. 31 to May 9, 2025, with in-person class meetings taking place every other Friday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. 

The Warren Bennis Leadership Institute ’s LevelUp program is one of Lindner’s Professional Programs . The programs are structured as short, concentrated bursts of in-person classes in a cohort model where participants can earn micro-credentials, making them different from formal degree or certificate programs offered by the college.

“Micro-credentials are a fantastic way to upskill quickly. It’s perfect for busy professionals who want hands-on, experiential training by some of the University of Cincinnati’s most accomplished faculty,” said Scott Dust , PhD, Kirk and Jacki Perry Professor in Leadership and senior director of Professional Programs.

Scott Dust, center, works with a group from the Valvoline Executive Leadership Development Initiative, a professional development and training program customized for Valvoline in summer 2024. Photo/Suzanne Buzek

These immersive learning experiences are open to business professionals at every stage in their career across all industries. 

“At Lindner, we’ve worked hard to perfect the art of professional education,” said Dust. “We know the formula for ensuring that participants walk away ready to immediately make changes.”

The LevelUp program features 12 modules with topics including strengths-based leadership, influence, team collaboration, creativity and innovation, executive presence, negotiations, change management and more.

Assistant Professor-Educator of Management Anita Ingram, center, speaks with a small group from a customized employee training program. Photo/Suzanne Buzek

In addition to open enrollment professional programs, the college offers direct-to-employer programs, which are customized opportunities for a cohort of employees in need of upskilling and training. 

"Our professional programs extend our college’s mission of empowering business problem solvers to our employer partners,” said Marianne Lewis , PhD, Lindner dean and professor of management. “Today’s leading companies are in a battle for talent, and investing in employee development ultimately helps these firms remain competitive and retain top talent.”

Learn more about the college’s professional program offerings. To explore custom offerings for your company or team, reach out to Dust directly at 513-556-7828 or via email .

Featured image at top: Exterior image of Carl H. Lindner Hall. Photo/Andrew Higley/UC Marketing + Brand

Empower business problem solving at your organization

The Lindner College of Business sits at the intersection of industry and academia. Through centers and institutes that offer in-house expertise and ways of applying cutting-edge research, to professional programs or development opportunities that individuals at every stage of their career can benefit from, we can help transform your organization. Explore what’s possible .

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Why is Kaliningrad at the center of a new Russia-NATO faceoff?

Subscribe to the center on the united states and europe update, daniel s. hamilton and daniel s. hamilton nonresident senior fellow - foreign policy , center on the united states and europe adrianna pita adrianna pita host, the current - office of communications, brookings.

June 23, 2022

• 11 min read

Russia has threatened consequences for Lithuania after the NATO member state blocked transit of EU-sanctioned goods through its territory to the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad. Ahead of the NATO summit in Madrid, Dan Hamilton explains the new front in tensions between NATO and Russia and the potential for Russian escalation.

Related material: 

• NATO after the invasion
• Strengthening the US and NATO defense postures in Europe after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine

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Thanks to audio engineer Gaston Reboredo.

PITA: New tensions are rising between Russia and NATO after Lithuania announced last week it would halt transportation of EU-sanctioned goods coming from Russia across Lithuanian territory to the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad on the Baltic Sea. With us to discuss the current standoff and whether it could become a new flashpoint in Russia’s war on Ukraine is Dan Hamilton, nonresident senior fellow, Center on the US and Europe, and president of the Transatlantic Leadership Network.

Dan, thanks for talking to us today.

HAMILTON: Good to be with you.

PITA: Maybe you could start us off with a little bit of background about why this situation even exists. Why is there this this little pocket of Russia, roughly a million people, in between Lithuania and Poland, with no direct border with Russia?

HAMILTON: Right, well, the war in Ukraine is having us all look at the maps again of eastern Europe, and this is a part of Europe where the borders have always been switching around. So this part of Europe used to be German territory. Kaliningrad used to be called Königsberg, who was a very important German city, and it was given back it was given to the Soviet Union at the end of the World War II, at the Potsdam Conference. So the Soviet Union administered it and named it Kaliningrad in 1946, and so it was really just part of the Soviet Union.

And so these borders didn’t matter as much when everything was connected, but at the end of the Cold War, the Baltic States each broke free and are now members of the EU and NATO, which has left this piece of Russian territory as an exclave. It’s really not connected to the main part of Russia, and you have to travel through two other countries to get from Kaliningrad, Russia to the rest of Russia. Lithuania has is one of the bordering countries and has the rail transport from Kaliningrad goes through Lithuania and then into Belarus to Russia.

So it’s a very complicated set of arrangements. These were all set up at the end of the Cold War when relations with Russia were fairly good. And it was to make sure, you know, none of these problematic areas became a flashpoint, but unfortunately the turn of events now, it is. It’s a very dicey situation if you look at the map and how this could unfold.

PITA: Maybe you could also explain to us why Kaliningrad is important to Russia. Why is it important to them in general but also how does this play into their current war against Ukraine?

HAMILTON: Right, well, it is Russian territory, it’s as agreed internationally, so no one’s questioning that. It’s the home to the Baltic fleet, the Russian Baltic fleet. It’s the only port that is ice-free in the Baltic Sea for Russia. The other ones closer to St Petersburg all freeze over. It’s also become an interesting place militarily. Russia has stationed Iskander missiles there. They’ve never said whether those have nuclear weapons attached to them; they are capable, though, of having those. Western intelligence sources say, and openly, that they do have those missiles in Kaliningrad.

So there are two points of a vulnerability here: one is on Russia’s side, you have a small piece of Russian territory cut off from the rest of Russia. It’s obviously a very fragile and weak situation, but it has nuclear weapons, probably, in it and it’s the key to the Baltic fleet, which is really quite important to Russia.

But we have a Western vulnerability too, which is, again, if you look at the map, you see a tiny sliver of territory between Poland and Lithuania called the Suwalki Gap. This is only about 60 miles of border and on both sides of this is hostile territory, if you will: Belarus on one side and Russia on the other. And that’s at the moment the only way NATO could defend the Baltic states on land is through this Suwalki Gap, so it could easily be closed off if Russia so decided. And that’s always been identified as probably NATO’s weakest vulnerability in the in the context of conflict. So if Russia wants to push its advantage here and Ukraine, it will maybe do something. It’s threatened to do something now.

What Lithuania did was simply to start to apply sanctions that were approved by the European Union a long time ago and they went into effect just recently. And these are on sort of some types of iron and steel, luxury goods, that are being transported across this rail link. So they are simply applying it only to those sanctioned goods. It’s not affecting any other person traffic or any other types of traffic, but Russia has said this is a provocation and they have already threatened Lithuania with an unknown response.

PITA: That was going to be my question, is what has Russia threatened? What’s sort of the diplomatic state of the of the back-and-forth right now?

HAMILTON: Well, they had Russia’s Security Council, a close advisor to Vladimir Putin demonstrably held a meeting of the Security Council in Kaliningrad recently, and at that point, he said Lithuania is going to suffer the consequences for being so provocative. But that’s the extent of it.  Putin hasn’t said anything in particular what that might mean, so it’s hard to know exactly.

PITA: What role, if any, do you see that Sweden and Finland, neighboring countries, their moves now to join NATO, what sort of increasing pressure is this? Is Russia the viewing this more threateningly now because they might also be NATO? How is that playing into the situation?

HAMILTON: Yes, I think it does. If you again, if you look at the map, you see that, until now, currently with Finland, Sweden not in NATO, then you have some neutral countries in the Baltic coasts, you have Russia and then you have NATO countries. So it’s a mixed bag, which means it’s hard to defend the Baltic states from NATO territory across the Baltic region. That would just be Denmark or Norway, which is farther away.

So if you now bring Sweden and Finland into NATO, the Baltic Sea is essentially then a NATO lake with only Russia as a non-NATO  country there, so that you can imagine the Russians don’t probably appreciate that happening. It also means you can defend then the Baltic states have much better via the Baltic approaches, via air or sea, because you don’t have to rely on, as I said, this Suwalki Gap, this tiny little sliver, and so it lessens NATO’s vulnerability in important ways. And this is now what the Russians have threatened also Sweden and Finland, saying they’ll move nuclear weapons into the Baltic region via Kaliningrad, but, as they say, most Western sources believe they’re already there, so that’s sort of an empty provocation, but it has people nervous because of the implications clearly.

PITA: What are the possibility, for you know, Russia controls so much of the energy that goes into Eastern Europe, in particular. What is Lithuania’s state of dependence on Russian energy or some of their neighbors as well?

HAMILTON: Lithuania has been very foresighted. They years ago created a floating LNG terminal to make sure that they were completely independent of any problems from Russia. So Lithuania has actually been in a good situation. It interconnects actually now with the U.S. playing a major role now supplying LNG to Europe, including to Lithuania, so that’s not going to be their weak point in particular.

But it’s a tiny state. It’s one of the Baltic States, but it is a NATO member, and the United States, the State Department, said yesterday that we’re going to defend every inch of NATO territory; that includes Lithuania.

It’s interesting because there’s a framework force of NATO military in each of the Baltic States. Each is headed by different country, NATO countries, so in Lithuania it’s actually headed by Germany. So Germany in particular is a bit in the spot here and, of course, that plays in lots of other dynamics the Germans have with the Russians. So there is a slight added element here, but, as I say, it’s a multinational force; it’s not a German force, it’s German-led.

And, of course, Poland is the bigger NATO country right there next to Kaliningrad, also bordering Kaliningrad. And there there’s a major NATO presence, so it’s  a complicated. It’s part of the changing realities of this new eastern Europe. I believe that we’ll be able to manage this, but you can never tell given what’s happening. If Belarus would enter the war more proactively, that could of course complicate things even more, but at the moment they’ve been playing both sides, supporting the Russians, but not really being an active participant in the war themselves.

PITA: Sure. Yeah, so for my final question that was going to be how you anticipate this potentially playing out, you know with Lithuania, being a NATO member, how likely is it that Russia would do something that would risk triggering Article Five and really entering a war with NATO versus what are some of the other ways they might try and retaliate without tipping that that point?

HAMILTON: Oh it’s hard to imagine a conscious decision to just unleash a third world war by attacking a NATO member state full-on knowing the consequences of that. And NATO members have been very clear. There’s a NATO summit next week. President Biden will be there in Madrid. I believe NATO will declare that its current defense posture will shift.

Currently, NATO defense posture is we have what we call tripwire forces, so small forces in the Baltic States, Poland. And if there was an invasion, they would lose territory and they’d have to sort of claw it back, and be reinforced by other NATO forces, including from United States. If you look at the destruction of Ukrainian cities and the horrific toll on the civilian population in Ukraine, you know that can’t be a credible strategy to give up territory and then try to win it back. And that’s why, when President Biden and others say we will defend, quote, “every inch” of NATO territory, it means moving to a new way of defending, what people call “deterrence by denial.” That means you have to have forces right up on the border and they have to be permanently stationed there. There’s currently a Baltic air policing mission that sort of just watches what’s going on; that would have to become an air defense mission. That means permission to shoot down aircraft that would come over the border, and Russia does do these provocations all the time. So I think you’ll see that next week, a shift in NATO defense posture, that will be important for this part of Europe.

Otherwise, if you look at the casualties the Russians have had inflicted on them by the Ukrainians in their war, there was tremendous depletion of their soldiers, of materiel; it’s hard to see them really wanting to take on the entire NATO alliance at the same time for no particular reason, because of some sanctioned goods on a railroad, so I doubt that that’s what we’re talking about.

But Russia has the opportunity to present the alliance with sort of a fait accompli, that is sort of just go across the border a little bit and be provocative and then see what the alliance does. And Putin so far keeps betting on Western disunity. That that would create such a consternation, that NATO wouldn’t respond like we say, and that would destroy, of course, the entire deterrent credibility of the alliance. He has mentioned recently the town of Narva, which is in Estonia, right on the border with Russia, as part of Russia. And that, of course, wakens all sorts of concerns. Estonia has a large Russian-speaking population, but they’re Estonians. And again, there’s a conflict there. And for the president of Russia to say something like that, as he has said Ukraine’s not really a country, and all of this belongs to Mother Russia, does waken concerns among many people about what his true intentions are.

PITA: All right, well we’ll keep watching and see what happens. Dan, thank you very much for explaining this to us today.

HAMILTON: Delighted, thank you.

European Union Russia

Foreign Policy

Europe & Eurasia European Union Russia

Center on the United States and Europe

September 16, 2024

Richard C. Bush

Bruce Jones

• Methodology
• Instructors

The Business Development Institute (BDI) serves as your premier, comprehensive online educational platform tailored to the dynamic realm of business development. BDI stands as a specialized hub for delivering training and educational services, with a specific emphasis on a wide array of contemporary online courses, all centered around the multifaceted domain of business development. Our proficient team of seasoned instructors, coupled with a curriculum meticulously crafted to align with the contemporary demands of businesses, underscores BDI's unwavering commitment to guiding individuals and organizations towards their maximum potential. In our pursuit, we aim to assist businesses in alleviating their challenges within the sphere of business development.

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BDI's tuition for all business development programs, subject-matter courses, sector-specific training and education are affordable making it more affordable for all Egyptian business developers and enterprises!

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Our learning system is based on the latest trends in self-learning and online education to promote assertive, flexible and individual self-learning and allowing a highly personalized and customizable learning journey!

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Building on the benefits of online learning yet focused on a community-based and well supported system that ensures you are never learning alone through mentorship, group work, live sessions and lots of learners and instructors learning support!

Market Demand Education

Our curriculum is developed based on actual, real-time and up-date market research of the latest trends in business development as well as the actual market needs for growing enterprises and the skill-sets required for immediate employment!

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Your business development team starts here, employee skills development.

SMEs can benefit from our specialized online platform that provides their employees with market demand-based training and focused business development programs. This can lead to an improved skill set among employees, which can result in better performance and productivity.

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Covering the business and politics of space

Space Force awards $45 million to universities for propulsion and power research

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Space Force leaders said these investments serve a dual purpose: addressing technical challenges in the space domain while also cultivating a skilled workforce in the space sector. 

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Sandra Erwin writes about military space programs, policy, technology and the industry that supports this sector. She has covered the military, the Pentagon, Congress and the defense industry for nearly two decades as editor of NDIA’s National Defense... More by Sandra Erwin

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Vietnam’s 1-Million Hectare Rice Program shows promising results

• News & Events

Soc Trang Province, Vietnam (September 4, 2024) —The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), in collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute, conducted a seasonal review meeting for the 1-Million Hectare High Quality and Low Emission Rice Program. The meeting coincided with the Harvesting Day of a pilot farm in Soc Trang Province.

The program, to be implemented across the 12 provinces in the Mekong River Delta (MRD), aims to promote sustainable, high-quality rice production and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The 7 pilot models, representing diverse ecological subregions and soil types, were implemented in 5 selected provinces in MRD from the summer-autumn 2024 season.

Mr. Le Thanh Tung, Deputy Director of the Department of Crop Production (DCP), presented the seasonal report on the 7 pilot farms. The report highlighted significant increases in farmer profits (12-20%) and yields compared to traditional methods. Input costs were reduced by 10-15%, lowering production costs. However, challenges such as a lack of commitment among cooperative members and misrepresenting the program's objectives were identified.

Dr. Nguyen Van Hung, senior scientist at IRRI, shared insights into the farming efficiency and profitability of the pilot farms. Dr. Hung reported that the pilot models applying mechanized direct seeding reduced seeding rates by at least 50%, reduced N application by 30%, and increased yield by more than 7%. This increase is partly due to reduced lodging, a common issue in rice production," he shared.

Dr. Mai Van Trinh, Director of the Institute for Agricultural Environment, reported on the greenhouse gas emission reduction achieved in the pilot models. For example, the Can Tho pilot model reduced emissions by up to 12 tons of CO2 equivalent per hectare compared to traditional practices. The pilot models in Tra Vinh and Soc Trang also achieved impressive reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, showcasing the potential of low-emission rice farming practices to mitigate climate change.

Dr. Tran Thanh Nam, Vice Minister of MARD, emphasized the program's importance in raising farmers' awareness of sustainable farming practices and improving their livelihoods. He said, "Many farmers were initially skeptical about the program, believing that reduced inputs would lead to lower yields. However, numerous farmers were eager to join the program after one crop of pilot farming models."

Vice Minister Nam also emphasized that cooperatives should be strengthened to achieve the program's success, businesses should participate in producing high-quality, low-emission rice, and new rice varieties should be developed. He added that continued support from all levels of government and international organizations is needed to ensure the program's success.

As part of the event, the Vietnam Rice Industry Association, MARD’s implementing partner in this program, awarded a certificate to Hung Loi Cooperative for successfully implementing a high-quality and low-emission rice farming model. A farming contract was also signed between Hung Loi Cooperative and Ong Tho Company. Additionally, DCP distributed the sustainable farming technical guidelines to the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development representatives of the 12 Mekong Delta provinces to promote the program's adoption.

Another event highlight showcased the potential of mechanization in promoting the rice straw-based circular economy.

The event was attended by over 400 stakeholders, including government officials, international organizations, private sector representatives, and cooperatives and farmers.

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News Center

Enterprise 6 internship cohort completes 2024 session.

Five of the E6 interns (from left): Stephanie Galicia, Ciera Hudson, Shreya Dudeja, Samuel Hutto, and Byron Fair (PHOTO: Chris Ruggiero)

Taking a summer internship in economic development, Stephanie Galicia, a graduate student at Kennesaw State University, didn’t expect she’d be saving lives.

But Galicia, who is pursuing master’s degrees in business and public administration, found herself doing just that as an Enterprise 6 Intern in the Safety, Health, Environmental Services group at Georgia Tech’s Enterprise Innovation Institute .

Because some of her family members work in manufacturing, construction, and landscaping, she felt a strong personal connection to the group’s mission to help employers reduce workplace hazards.

“To come to work, learn the educational side, and go home and educate my family is something I've been very fortunate to do,” Galicia said. “Everyone who works in these environments works to be able to feed their family and have a place to live. They don't know how serious these hazards are that they come across each day. We’re able to tell people, ‘This chemical’s harming you, this air is harming you, this safety hazard is harming you.’ It’s saving lives.”

Galicia was one of seven Enterprise 6 students from Georgia universities who put the skills they’ve honed in labs and classrooms into a host of dynamic economic development projects across the state this summer.

Launched in 2021, the Enterprise 6 program allows University System of Georgia undergraduate and graduate students to work in the economic development space. In the past three years, 31 interns have been selected.

The Enterprise Innovation Institute is the nation’s longest-running and most diverse university-based economic development organization. Since launching its founding program more than 60 years ago, it has expanded to serve a wide range of businesses of all sizes while also increasing its focus on socioeconomic development, providing resources, support, and skills to local communities.

Enterprise 6 interns receive practical, real-life work experience and $25 an hour for a 20-hour work week, as well as mentorship from a research faculty member and biweekly check-in meetings. The program is made possible by funding from the Office of the Executive Vice President for Research.

“Our Enterprise 6 internships immerse students from Georgia Tech and other universities in the work of socioeconomic development across our programs that serve communities and business,” said Enterprise Innovation Institute Vice President David Bridges. “Students don’t always see direct parallels between socioeconomic development and their courses of study, but this experience is designed to help make those connections.”

That was the case for Anshika Nichani, who interned with the Georgia Manufacturing Extension Partnership . “Cybersecurity, supply chain, and Industry 4.0 projects provided me with invaluable experience and have been instrumental in my development across multiple domains,” said Nichani, a computer science major.

“I learned more here than in some of my classes. It was also fascinating and enjoyable to learn about general workplace practices and dynamics.”

For Shreya Dudeja, an undergraduate studying business administration in the Scheller College of Business , the internship enabled her to learn about the inner workings of university finance, tracking processes, and delving into research and policy. What she especially appreciated about the internship was “the fact that I could work with so many different people. It's a very collaborative environment.”

Ciera Hudson is a Georgia Tech mechanical engineering student who will graduate in December. Hudson, who grew up singing and playing the flute, chose an Arts Innovation internship and has discovered some overlap between her major and her creative passions.

As an engineering student, she said, “I've had a lot of opportunities to learn about how products are developed and the whole life cycle from concept to completion.” She sees similarities between that process and designing an arts program that meets a client’s particular needs.

Samuel Hutto, an economics major at Georgia College and State University, worked with Georgia Tech’s Center for Economic Development Research (CEDR), building surveys and collecting and organizing data on municipalities throughout the state.

What he enjoyed most about his experience was CEDR's team. “They've been very accepting and relaxed. They're very easy to work with,” said Hutto, who added, “I've learned more about how research can truly affect people's lives.”

Students participated at various stages in their educational and career paths. EI2 Global intern Ejaz Ahmed, for example, is a Ph.D. student in the School of Public Policy with previous work experience, and Georgia Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing intern Byron Fair enjoyed a successful military career before joining Scheller’s MBA program.

Krystle Richardson, program operations manager for Enterprise 6, supports students throughout their internships, helping them to fine-tune goals and navigate challenges while connecting them with relevant resources at the Enterprise Innovation Institute and Georgia Tech.

“I’m thrilled when interns extend their time with us as student workers or graduate research assistants,” she said. “Some even secure full-time positions.”

One such intern is Hanyu “Hannah” Lu. After her experience in the 2023 Enterprise 6 cohort, she completed a master’s degree in computational science and engineering at Georgia Tech. Lu then went on to work as a student employee at the Enterprise Innovation Institute, and she’s recently been hired as a data analyst in the organization’s Office of the Vice President.

“The success of the Enterprise 6 Internship program stems from both our exceptional interns — bright, driven individuals who eagerly apply their classroom knowledge to real-world projects — and our dedicated leaders who provide them with meaningful and valuable experience that shapes their career paths,” said Richardson.

“We hope the interns’ experiences will have a lasting, positive impact on their careers and lives.”

Additional Media

Eve Tolpa  [email protected]

Kaliningrad: Impregnable Fortress or “Russian Alamo”?

The Baltic Sea port city of Kaliningrad, the seat of a sovereign exclave of the Russian Federation between Lithuania and Poland, in the Russian oblast (administrative region) bearing its name, has been a fortress since its founding as Konigsberg in 1255. The Soviet Union’s Red Army captured it from the Germans in April 1945 in one of the last combat operations in East Prussia. After the war, Konigsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in honor of the head of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Kalinin. As part of the August 1945 Potsdam Agreement, the city retained its fortress-like character as the leading edge of the USSR’s Baltic Military District and forward base of the Soviet Union’s Baltic Fleet from 1952 onward. The Soviet frigate Storozhevoy that mutinied and made a failed attempt to escape to Sweden in November 1975, and the Soviet S-363 submarine that famously grounded off the Swedish naval port of Karlskrona in 1981 in the “Whiskey on the Rocks” incident were both in the Baltic Fleet.

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990 left Kaliningrad as a Russian island in what increasingly became a NATO sea of new alliance members that included Poland and Lithuania, and a Baltic Sea that went from being a Cold War contested body of water to a NATO lake in just a decade. As a result of initial NATO encroachment in the 1990s and accelerating under the rule of Russian President Vladimir Putin, Kaliningrad has regained its status as a fortress on the Baltic Sea, now armed with cruise missiles, surface-to-air-missile (SAM) batteries, the future submarines of the Baltic Fleet, and nuclear weapons. What then is Kaliningrad? A great Russian anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) fortress threatening safe transit of the Baltic Sea and the vulnerable Baltic States, or a lone outpost surrounded by adversaries—as was the Alamo in 1836, before the Texas revolutionaries within it were overrun?

  Kaliningrad’s Modern Ramparts

From the 1990s through early 2016, Kaliningrad’s military forces were relatively weak but got a significant boost by 2021 with heavy and diverse armaments—missiles, warships, armored vehicles, and troops. The latter consisted of the 11th Army Corps, whose composite ground force units had a nominal strength of 12,000 to 18,000 troops , including T-72 tanks, BTK armored personnel carriers, mobile rocket launchers, and artillery. In addition, the heavily mechanized 336th Guards Naval Infantry Brigade resided in the Kaliningrad oblast, equipped with BTR armored personnel carriers, with at least one battalion capable of air assault. The aircraft in the oblast included four squadrons equipped with a mix of Su-30SM, Su-24, and Su-27 aircraft that were supported by a robust air and missile defense, including four battalions of the S-400 SAM system.

In 2022, the Baltic Fleet contained 52 surface warships, including four of the new, cruise missile-armed Steregushchiy-class corvettes, one Kilo-class submarine, and numerous support vessels. Two of the fleet’s Buyan-class corvettes mount the Kaliber land-attack cruise missile.

The land-based missile arming of Kaliningrad was extensive and included dozens of nuclear-capable Iskander (SS-26) ballistic missiles (with a range of over 300 miles ) and the antiship Bastion-P missile system, featuring Oniks P-800 missiles (with a range of 75–210 nautical miles). A map from a 2021 Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) report on the force posture of Russia’s Western Military District shows the depth of Russia’s militarization of the oblast.

Ukraine War Losses Don’t Affect the Baltics

As with other elements of the Russian armed forces, the Russia-Ukraine war has taken a toll on forces originally based in Kaliningrad, as Russia has mobilized units from other regions to offset losses sustained in its invasion. Some US sources have reported that the 11th Army Corps was moved to Ukraine in spring 2022 and suffered heavy losses in combat near the city of Kharkiv in August and September. One battalion of the 336th Guards Naval Infantry Brigade has been reported as deployed to Ukraine as well.

Despite the loss of these ground forces, the air, naval, and missile armament of Kaliningrad remains mostly intact. In February 2023, Dutch F-35s intercepted Russian combat aircraft from Kaliningrad near Poland and escorted them out of Polish air space. In April 2023, German and UK Typhoon fighters intercepted Russian combat aircraft over the Baltic s . Russia’s Baltic Fleet also remains active with exercises late last year . Russia’s 2022 Maritime Doctrine suggests that the Russia will continue to press the boundaries of gray-zone warfare, which would certainly include the Baltic region. The Russian submarine force, arguably the most well-resourced and competent arm of the Russian Navy, remains unaffected by the Russia-Ukraine war, and while the Baltic Fleet now possesses one operational Kilo-class submarine, it could ultimately field upwards of six Lada-class advanced subs if their construction continues.

Kaliningrad in the Context of a Larger NATO in the Baltics

While its land-based component may be reduced significantly in numbers , Kaliningrad retains formidable armaments with which to threaten NATO resupply of the Baltic States—and now Finland—as alliance members. Until it develops a larger submarine force, much of the Russian threat resides within air and missile components of Kaliningrad’s armament. Research on that threat, in particular from the Yet Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI) suggests that Russian ground-based radars and aircraft are essential to Russian surface-to-surface-missile command of the eastern Baltic region. Destruction of any of those parts of the Russian Federation’s Baltic reconnaissance strike complex could seriously reduce the range and effectiveness of Russian missile forces.

Despite this vulnerability to Russian missiles, NATO members Poland and Lithuania—whose territories separate Kaliningrad from Russian ally Belarus only by the 100-kilometer “Suwalki Gap”—remain vigilant against potential Russian aggression. Lithuania still refers to the Kaliningrad oblast as the “biggest threat in the region,” and Poland remains concerned about Russian artillery and missile attacks emanating from the Kaliningrad oblast against NATO nations. Poland recently moved a US-made HIMARS rocket battery near the Kaliningrad border, demonstrating continued concern for potential Russian aggression. Poland also continues to upgrade its ground forces with new mechanized units that could threaten Kaliningrad in return. NATO has long believed that Kaliningrad has been a deployment location for Russian nuclear weapons . Their continued presence further aggravates the security situation in the Baltic region.

Lynchpin or Liability?

Kaliningrad will remain of value to Russia as it is the only year-round, ice-free port of the Baltic Fleet. The weakened Russian ground-force presence in the oblast adds a degree of risk to any Russian operation in the region and reduces the local ground-based threat to Poland and Lithuania. While Russian troops might not threaten the "Suwalki Gap,” Russian aircraft, missiles, and warships based in the Kaliningrad oblast could still obstruct NATO resupply efforts. Kaliningrad, however well-armed, is still surrounded by NATO territory much as West Berlin was encircled by Soviet forces during the Cold War. Yet the specter of Russia’s use of nuclear weapons in defense of Kaliningrad may impede any major Western efforts against Russia’s Kaliningrad oblast. No doubt, NATO will continue to watch Kaliningrad and devise methods to limit its impact on the wider Baltic region.

Steve Wills is a Research Scientist with CNA’s Strategy and Policy Analysis Program. . As a Navy historian, his research interests include the history of U.S. Navy strategy development over the Cold War and immediate post-Cold War eras, and the post-World War II Navy surface fleet.

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TIGER: Translation and Integration of Genomics is Essential to Doctoral Nursing

The purpose of this TIGER research educational project is to improve the knowledge and skills of doctoral nurses in genomics. This education award is supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R25HG011018.

Course At-a-Glance

Cost Free. Limited number of $1500 Stipend for Conference Travel/Housing

Contact Hours Potentially Earned

• Establish competency with knowledge and skills in genomics
• Engage in community of genomics-informed nurses

Principal Investigator: Laurie Connors

Laurie Connors, PhD, DNP, FNP-BC, AGN-BC, AOCNP, FAANP, FAAN is a professor at Vanderbilt University School of Nursing and leader in national and global initiatives to expand genomic nursing education and practice.

Instruction

TIGER is a flipped classroom, train-the-trainer and collaborative mentorship program for a community of genomics informed nurses.

Genomics workshop held as a preconference in conjunction with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) January Doctoral Education conference every January

Monthly virtual genomic updates with nationally recognized genomic experts covering topics such as: Population Health Genomics, Genomics in Nursing Education, Genomics Curriculum Development, Responsible Research Conduct, and Genomic Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications.

Course Modules

Genomics workshop | january 14, 2025.

• Critical Deficits and Needs of Genomics in Doctoral Nursing
• Genome Basics: How Genes Influence Health and Illness
• Leadership and Professional Role, workforce skilling
• Education Content, capacity building in nursing-informed genomics
• Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications; Responsible Codes of Conduct
• Translation and Integration in Practice

Virtual Genomics Sessions

• Genetic/Genomic Review – the Big Picture (February)
• Genetic Testing Approaches (March) Health and Illness
• Public Health Applications of Genomics (April)
• Genomics in Nursing Education (May)
• Curriculum Development (June)
• Responsible Conduct of Research (July Part 1)
• Responsible Conduct of Research (August Part 2)
• Ethical, Legal and Social Issues of Genomics (September)
• Review of Clinical Genetic Conditions (October)
• Patient-centered genomic care (November)
• Professional Role and Future Directions (December)

Contact Hours

Vanderbilt University School of Nursing and the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing are collaborating to provide nursing continuing professional development for the educational activity:  Translation and Integration of Genomics is Essential to Doctoral Nursing  (TIGER) .  Nurses completing the entire activity and evaluation tool may be awarded a maximum of  22.75 contact hours .  The University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development (NCPD) by the  American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation .

Cost-Free, Stipend Available

Applications are also being accepted for a  stipend travel award, up to $1,500 , to be awarded to 30 individuals selected from the submitted applications and is to be applied toward conference travel and hotel/meals/local transportation. Applicants interested in the stipend should submit a one to two-page letter outlining why the interest in completing the TIGER course and the potential impact on nursing practice. Stipend travel award participants will need to commit to completing all the TIGER program components and receive support from their institution/school/leaders to implement genomics in doctoral nursing education.  

We are committed to diversity and inclusion for those who are under-represented in US Biomedical, Clinical, Behavioral, and Social Sciences. All qualified applicants will be considered without regard to age, ethnicity, color, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, national origin, disability, or veteran status.  Our application includes optional questions to support our accountability to our commitment to diversity and inclusion.

This workshop is supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number R25HG011018 (PI: Connors). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Application

Applications are accepted on a rolling basis. Last date to apply is September 30, 2024.

Required Application Criteria

• Doctoral Nursing Faculty: DNP or PhD

Professional Qualifications

• Currently ≥ 50% of time is spent teaching in a DNP or nursing PhD program
• Hold a DNP, PhD, DNSc, DNS, EdD degree
• Teach at least 1 course in the DNP or nursing PhD program
• Active member of a professional nursing organization
• Actively mentoring DNP or nursing PhD students

Application Instructions

• Complete application form & CV
• Letter of recommendation and support from Dean

Post-Training Expectations

• Able to integrate key principles of TIGER proposed medical genomics care into the doctoral nursing curriculum, scholarship or practice within 1 year post- course
• Complete 6 and 12-month post-course goal updates

Upon completion, participants will be granted a Certificate of Completion and continuing education credits for the completed course content.

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