extended essay topics for science

100 IB Extended Essay Topic Ideas!

One of the biggest keys to the Extended Essay is choosing which subject you want to write your work in and developing that crucial research question. Read on to find inspiration for topics across a wide range of subjects.

Extended Essay: The Love/Hate aspect of the IB

One of the biggest keys to the Extended Essay is choosing which subject you want to write your work in and developing that crucial research question. Annoyingly, coming up with that idea and research question can be the toughest part of the entire process. Writing 4,000 words about something you are interested in is a big ask and it often feels impossible to narrow down your thoughts. To make everything super clear, here are 100 Extended Essay Topics for you to draw inspiration from! Use these as a springboard to create your own research question !

Get Support from A Top Tutor Today

At Lanterna we have over 300 tutors who smashed their Extended Essay. They know exactly how to get an A in your EE and can give you tips and tricks on how you can do the same. What are you waiting for? Get your own tutor today !

How to Begin Your IB Extended Essay

To make everything super clear, here are 100 Extended Essay Topics for you to draw inspiration from! Use these as a springboard to  create your own research question !

Get Support from a Top Tutor Today

At Lanterna, we have over 300 tutors who smashed their Extended Essay. They know exactly how to get an A in your EE and can give you tips and tricks on how you can do the same. What are you waiting for? Get your own tutor today!

10 Steps to Writing an Extended Essay

Before we look at specific topics for your essay, let’s recap the 10-steps you’ll need to follow to complete your extended essay.

1. Define the Topic and Draft the Research Question

2. Create a Timeline

3. Identify and gather Sources

4. Set Deadlines

5. Plan the structure according to the total word count

6. Evaluate

7. independent Research

8. Write the extended essay draft

10. Present

By following the steps above, you should be able to produce a logical and coherent rationale to follow when writing the extended essay for your IB diploma programme.

By starting with a solid research question, you’ll be able to put an extended essay of global significance together, from the research and writing process all the way through to your final submission with a favourable extended essay grade.

Below, we’re sharing 10 topics across 10 subjects to inspire your next IB extended essay.

1. How the change of habitat affects an X organism?

2. How does climate affect the growth of X plant?

3. Can photosynthesis take place without sunlight?

4. What is the effect of age and gender on the photoreceptor cells in the human retina?

5. How is climate change impacting the appearance of coral reefs?

6. An evaluation of how  antioxidants  work in our bodies?

7. Does hand sanitizer, hand soap or antibacterial wipes have the greatest ability to inhibit the growth of E. Coli?

8. To what extent do live cultures in yogurts/milk/other dairy products reduce the concentration of lactose present over the course of a 2 hour incubation period at x°C?

9. What is the relationship between  population density  between X and population size of X?

10. What is the relationship between indoleacetic acid, a growth hormone, and the growth of X (a crop)?

11. How does human influence impact an aquatic ecosystem?

12. How can one organize a pollution check along a X canal in X?

13. What is the effect of the increased ecological footprint in the  Amazon ?

14. What are the forest and woodland restoration in Siberia, Russia and which one is most effective?

15. How does human interference cause ecological imbalances in an X city/country/continent?

16. What is the impact of urban development on the  bee population  in X city?

17. What are the differences in the conversation efforts in Yosemite National Park (California, USA) and the Lake District National Park (UK)?

18. To what extent have healthcare policies in X country influenced their human population curve?

19. How have changes in environmental systems influenced the value system of X country?

20. How has X landfill site affected the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem?

21. What is the profitability of  airline companies ?

22. How does unemployment affect the market?

23. Why did X recession occur?

24. How did the financial Policy affect the economy in X?

25. How effective are government policies in reducing overconsumption of alcohol (specifically hard liquor)?

26. To what extent are public buses and subways substitute goods in a country?

27. How did the tax reform in country x affect its growth and development? (many countries to choose from)

28. To what extent was weak government policy responsible for the Latin American financial crisis of 1997?

29. How effective is the  Big Mac Index  in measuring purchasing power parity?

30. To what extent would the UK suffer from leaving the European Customs Union if Brexit happens?

31. Is there an association between viewing violence on television and the display of violent acts?

32. What motivational climate should a coach employ in order to achieve optimal performance in athletes?

33. How does  X hormone affect human behavior ?

34. Compare theories explaining altruism in human behaviour

35. Discuss short-term and long-term consequences of exposure to violence

36. Why do relationships change or end?

37. Discuss how  social variables (poverty, parenting, educational environment) may the affect cognitive environment.

38. To what extent do mirror neurons play a role in empathy? (2014)

39. To what extent does Mindfulness help people cope with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

40. To what extent is drug therapy effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

41. Does the British Parliamentary reforms act of 1832 deserve its title as the great reform act?

42. To what extent are there similarities in Hitler and Mussolini’s Rise to Power?

43. To what extent did Mao’s tackle the problems which he faced?

44. Was Tsar Alexander II of Russia reforms a success or failure?

45. To what extent was the bombing of Dresden in 1945 justifiable?

46. To what extent can  Sweden be considered neutral during WWII ?

47. The impact of structural economic weakness on the collapse of the Soviet Union.

48. How were women treated differently in 1920s and 1950s Great Britain?

49. Why did Israel win the  Six Day War  of 1967?

50. What role did economics play in the unification of Germany from 1834 to 1871?

English Literature

51. What are the Compare and Contrast Jane Austen Books?

52. How does Joseph Conrad’s portray Racism in A Heart of Darkness?

53. How does Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman critique today’s capitalist society? The American Dream?

54. To what extent does Chris McCandless in Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild escape familial influence?

55. What are the similarities and differences between J.K. Rowling’s characterization of Severus Snape in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows?

56. How does Yaa Gyasi use structure in her novel Homegoing to portray the evolution of time?

57. What is the impact of the social context on Holden Caufield and Huckleberry Finn?

58. How does Sylvia Path’s use of Inanimate objects in Bell Jar?

59. How is the empowerment of Feminine portrayed in the Lord of the Rings?

60. Compare the political rhetoric as used in the inaugural addresses of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump.

61. The design, construction and calibration of an apparatus for measuring lipid concentration in milk.

62. What is the effect of a change in the optimal lift on the horizontal gliding distance of an aircraft?

63. How does the sugar concentration affect the refractive index of water?

64. How does temperature affect the viscosity of X juice/soda?

65. Is the relationship between temperature and conductivity and insulators and conductors?

66. What is the Oberth Effect?

67. What is the temperature dependence of work performed on an AA battery?

68. How can the rotational frequency of a fan driven by a flame measure distance?

69. Do wine bottles of different shapes behave as Helmholtz resonators?

70. How does the diameter of a wheel affect stability in different weather conditions?

71. What factors influence the location of industries in country/city X?

72. An investigation into the significance of preserving the quality of water in a continent/country/city?

73. An investigation into the degree to which City X can be considered a Sustainable City/Community.

74. To what extent is Biodiversity being managed successfully in city X?

75. To what extent does the education and employment of women affect Country x’s fertility rate?

76. To what extent do gender, educational attainment, and working parameters influence obesity risk?

77. To what extent has urban development affected human thermal comfort levels in Country/city x (a country/city that has developed in a rapid rate over the past decades)?

78. To what extent is the Company x corporate waste management program effective, demonstrating environmental sustainability?

79. To what extent is biodiversity being managed successfully at National Park X?

80. What types of urban design encourage high rates of vandalism in X neighbourhoods?

81. The kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions.

82. How do Iron Intake Diets differ in X country?

83. What are the different factors that affect the iodine values in cooking oils?

84. What is the effect of standing time and temperate on the acid content in X juice or soda?

85. Can caffeine in tea or coffee be reduced?

86. What is the effect of temperature on the souring of milk?

87. What are the sources of error in calorimetry?

88. Does brushing your teeth affect the pH in your mouth after eating?

89. How does changing the concentration of the reagents affect the formation and spacing between Liesehang rings in the reaction between X chloride and X when conducted in a test tube?

90. What effect does the coating of aspirin tablets have on the hydrolysis of aspirin?

Social and Cultural Anthropology

91. How clothing relates to the cultural anthropology of X culture.

92. The extent to which social media networks affect different societies.

93. The relationship between ritual, myths and faith in an X society.

94. The history of rituals in X culture.

95. How different marriage rituals inform the cultural anthropology of X culture.

96. Climate change and its impact on the evolution of different creatures on the planet.

97. Understanding the social and cultural anthropology of the supernatural in X culture.

98. An analysis of body modification in relation to social and cultural anthropology.

100. Chaste systems and social ranks in societies.

There are so many class subjects that can form the basis of your extended essay, including these popular six subjects:

– Information technology

– Computer science

– Health science

– World studies

– Visual arts

– Business management

Extended essays are a great way to improve your writing skills in academic writing. Essays of a high standard that demonstrate critical thinking and in depth analysis can be submitted to academic journals. These have the potential to reach the global society.

Start Writing Your Extended Essay Topic

We hope this gave you some great inspiration for the variation of topics available for your Extended Essay . The research question you select is what will carry you through the entire process, so be sure to choose wisely!

Remember, if you are looking for more help with your Extended Essay, make sure to check out our guide which will tell you exactly how to plan, structure, research and write your Extended Essay!

Grab Free Extended Essay Resources!

No matter the subject groups in your diploma program, we’re here to help all of our IB students. Whether you’re writing about social and cultural anthropology, business management, design technology, or scientific methods for your IB diploma, Lanterna has you covered.

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The Complete IB Extended Essay Guide: Examples, Topics, and Ideas

International Baccalaureate (IB)

IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

• A title page
• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

• Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

• A check on plagiarism and malpractice
• Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
• Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!  

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

• Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
• Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
• English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
• Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
• Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
• Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

• January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
• February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
• April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
• Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
• August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
• September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
• November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

• Business Management 1
• Chemistry 1
• Chemistry 2
• Chemistry 3
• Chemistry 4
• Chemistry 5
• Chemistry 6
• Chemistry 7
• Computer Science 1
• Economics 1
• Design Technology 1
• Design Technology 2
• Environmental Systems and Societies 1
• Geography 1
• Geography 2
• Geography 3
• Geography 4
• Geography 5
• Geography 6
• Literature and Performance 1
• Mathematics 1
• Mathematics 2
• Mathematics 3
• Mathematics 4
• Mathematics 5
• Philosophy 1
• Philosophy 2
• Philosophy 3
• Philosophy 4
• Philosophy 5
• Psychology 1
• Psychology 2
• Psychology 3
• Psychology 4
• Psychology 5
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
• Visual Arts 1
• Visual Arts 2
• Visual Arts 3
• Visual Arts 4
• Visual Arts 5
• World Religion 1
• World Religion 2
• World Religion 3

What's Next?

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Extended Essay Topics: 50+ Examples for Subject in EE

by  Antony W

July 30, 2022

This is the complete list of Extended Essay topics on different EE subject areas. We’ve packed this guide with as many topic ideas as possible.

So if you’re just getting started with the IB extended essay assignment and you’re already stuck on topic selection, this post might help you to get unstuck.

What is an Extended Essay?

Abbreviated as EE, the Extended Essay is a required component of the IB Diploma Program for all students, regardless of the disciplines they are studying.

The objective of the Extended Essay is to offer students the chance to conduct research on a topic of their choice and demonstrate knowledge and reading beyond the classroom curriculum. The essay also provides students with the opportunity to develop abilities necessary for researching and writing in advanced learning institutions.

Students often begin working on their essay during the second term of their first year of the IB Diploma Program. They will require a manager (one of the teachers at their school) with whom they will meet on a regular basis to help them outline their research questions and lead them through the writing process.

The IB diploma program allows you to prepare and submit one draft to the supervisor for input, followed by a second, final draft. As for the length of the extended essay, you want to make sure the assignment doesn’t exceed 4,000 words .

Getting Extended Essay Help

Owing to the very nature of the IB program, searching for an extended essay topic and getting the task completed can be an involving task. If you feel like the whole process would end up rather overwhelming, you can take advantage of our extended essay writing service and we’ll help you get the task done. 

For just $19.09/page, you can get the professional writing help and advice required to score a 34 in your Extended Essay. The pricing is standard regardless of the topic you would like to work on.

Extended Essay Topics

If you’re confident that you can write an extended essay yourself, and you should, you need to start with selecting the right topic for the assignment. Here are some topic ideas to get you started: 

1. English Extended Essay Topics

The following are some of the best examples of topic ideas to consider if you choose to write an Extended Essay in the English subject.

• How the heroic couplets of the neoclassical period differed from those of the romantic period, and why classical poetry had so many rules.
• How many different styles of poetry can we observe from the English Renaissance through modernism and postmodernism?
• Does colonialism have an effect on modern poetry and the manner in which it evolves during the many eras of colonial rule?
• Why has euphemism been so prominent in the English language for so long and how does this affect the lexicon and structure of the language?
• Can we argue that, unlike other languages of the globe, English is a language of conventions and traditions with no hard and fast rules?
• What function does slang play in the English language, and how are slang terms now preserved in official and academic dictionaries?
• What are the primary causes of the gradual shift in the spelling of English words through time?
• Impact of globalization on the evolution of the English language as it becomes the universal language.

We encourage you to read more about English Extended Essay for further insights.

2. Biology Extended Essay Topics

• How do age and gender influence the photoreceptor cells in the human retina?
• What effects does climate change have on the appearance of coral reefs?
• An analysis of how antioxidants function in the human body?
• Which of hand sanitizer, hand soap, or antibacterial wipes inhibits the development of E. coli the most effectively?
• How does population density between X and X’s population size relate?
• What is the link between the growth hormone indoleacetic acid and the growth of X?

You can read more about Biology EE here.

3. Business Management Extended Essay Topics

We put together an in-depth guide on IB Business Management EE to give you more insight about the subject.

In addition to teaching you exactly how to write an EE in this subject, the post includes some interesting topic ideas as well as their respective research questions.

Remember to check it out to learn more.

4. Chemistry Extended Essay Topics

• What effect does acid rain have on the trees, plants, and public gardens in your neighborhood?
• Analyze the chemical composition of various types of lava and magma rocks from across the world.
• What kinds of chemical components are responsible for the majority of food allergies?
• Examine the chemistry of MDMA and other “nightclub” or designer drugs in users of various ages.
• Examine how chemical experiments and the knowledge gained from them have altered the globe.
• How has the usage of fluoride in the community’s water supply benefited and harmed the community?
• What chemical difference does choosing organic foods vs pesticide-treated foods have on our bodies?
• What impact have big cosmetics manufacturers made on our contemporary understanding of chemistry?
• What type of chemistry is involved in making generic medications cheaper than brand-name pharmaceuticals?

You can read more about Chemistry Extended Essay in this post.

5. Computer Science Extended Essay Topics

• In what way are support vector machines more accurate in predicting ATP tennis matches than artificial neural networks?
• To what extent are Java-generated pseudo-random numbers more predictable than C#-generated numbers?
• How much more effectively does MP3 encoding reduce quality loss and file size than OGG in terms of algorithmic efficiency and encoded file quality?
• How well does the binary search algorithm locate specific values among variable-sized data sets?
• How much more efficient is Depth First Search than Breadth First Search for path finding in artificial intelligence and robot motion planning?
• To what degree is hashing a more appropriate and efficient method than binary search for locating specific values in different-sized data sets?
• How do Password Length and Character Variation Influence the Entropy of a Password?
• How much more space-efficient is the AES symmetric encryption method compared to the Blowfish symmetric encryption technique when encrypting data of varied sizes and types?

6. Economics Extended Essay Topics

• What is the connection between unemployment and economic contraction?
• Is Alcohol Consumption Regulation Beneficial to the Stock Market?
• Trucking Companies and the Effects of Sanctions and Trade Embargoes
• Analysis of the Effects of Increasing Taxes on Multinational Corporations and Religious Organizations
• What Negative Effects Will a “Hard” Brexit Have on Scotland and Wales?
• How Will the Substitution of Fossil Fuels with Solar Power Affect the Economies of Middle Eastern Nations?
• In Sub-Saharan Africa, deforestation and man-made disasters are the leading causes of poverty.

We’ve written an in-depth guide on Economics Extended Essay, and we encourage you to check it out to learn more about the subject.

7. Environmental Systems and Societies EE Topics

The following are some interesting topics on the Environmental Systems and Societies. The X is a variable, which can be a name of any city or country you’d wish to investigate in your ESS.

• What forest and woodland restoration strategies exist in Siberia, Russia, and one is the most effective?
• How can human meddling in X city/country/continent produce ecological imbalances?
• What effect does urbanization have on the bee population in X city?
• What are the distinctions between Yosemite National Park (California, USA) and Lake District National Park (United Kingdom) in terms of dialogue efforts?
• How much have healthcare policies in nation X affected its human population curve?
• What impact has X’s landfill had on the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem?

You can read our ESS guide to learn more about this subject before you start working on your Extended Essay assignment.

8. Film Extended Essay Topics  

• Relationship between IMDB ratings and several national and international film honors
• The current transformation of masculinity as represented in Fight Club
• Varieties of timeline modification methods in cinematography
• Sci-fi film portrayals of scientists and the scientific method are grossly inaccurate.
• Moving camera – inventive approaches (such as those utilized in The Matrix or Guy Ritchie’s film)
• How can filmic approaches depict the evolution of Disney princesses from 1937 to 2012?
• How are transgender characters portrayed in two films from distinct periods?

9. Geography Extended Essay Topics

• What socioeconomic and urban design elements contribute to high vandalism rates in Eindhoven’s neighborhoods?
• How does the quality of life of Filipina Foreign Domestic Workers in Downtown Singapore compare to that of Filipinas in the Philippines?
• An inquiry examining whether Singapore qualifies as a sustainable city
• To what degree do migratory patterns and motivations in the northern area of Thailand correspond to predicted migration movements in an LDC?
• Comparative analysis of the provision of public services in Warsaw’s districts

Check out our complete guide on Geography EE to learn more about the subject. Make sure you check the assessment criteria part, so you can write the kind of an EE that earns you top grades – if not a 34.

10. Global Politics EE

• The legitimacy of the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq; to what extent was the invasion justified? (2021)
• How media depictions and government information can diverge
• How the success of a political party in one nation may affect the results in another.
• Comparing the influence of global political trends on two countries reveals contrasting results.
• The effect of a single crisis on the political ties between two countries

We’ve put together a more comprehensive guide on Global Politics Extended Essay . So we encourage you to check that out to learn more.

11. History Extended Essay

• The consequences of dropping nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• You can investigate the economic, ethnic, social, and even environmental consequences of conflict diamonds.
• The evolution of military technology during the American Civil War
• The post-apartheid work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Southwest Africa
• The rise and collapse of the Ottoman Empire and its economic influence

You can get more topic ideas on this subject from this post .

12. Math Extended Essay

• How can mathematics be used to determine the ideal distance from the try line for positioning the ball for a rugby union conversion kick?
• In the sliding tile problem, what is the graph structure of m x n?
• How long does it take to travel around the whole Singapore MRT network? (2015)
• Modeling mathematics – An examination of the Richardson arms race model (2020)
• Real-world applications of a study of differential equations of the second order
• A mathematical examination of shock absorbers’ damped harmonic motion

Our IB Math EE guide has more insights worth checking out. So we recommend going through the guide before you start writing an extended essay on this subject.

13. Physics Extended Essay Ideas  

• How may the design of an airplane’s wings affect its aerodynamic performance?
• Why is it required for the wing of an aircraft to have an ‘angle of attack’? Is it impossible for the aircraft to behave the same without the angle of attack?
• If landing gears are a cause of drag during flight, how is a Cessna able to deliver a sufficient amount of force to overcome drag?

14. Psychology EE Ideas  

• What do we know about the connection between stress and bodily disease, and can we utilize this information to manage stress?
• To what degree can psychology offer plausible explanations for altruistic behavior?
• Which strategies are most effective in assisting autistic youngsters in improving their everyday functioning?
• The difficulty of identifying particular genetic variables that might indicate an autism risk
• How well biological (or sociocultural) variables explain the origin of homosexuality.
• To what degree does parental discipline affect the temperament of their children?
• Are Montessori schools, which utilize a humanistic approach to education, also consistent with cognitive theory?

We’ve put together a complete guide on Physics Extended Essay. So, check that out to learn more about the subject. 

15. Visual Arts

• What role did national themes have in the creative activity of Russian avant-garde artists associated with the Knave of Diamonds society?
• How did men and women’s clothes communicate National Socialist ideals?
• How does Yinka Shonibare’s work represent the evolving importance of African art in a global society?
• What are the origins of Romanesque architecture in Arles?
• Are there pop art elements in the design of Pakistani trucks?

Check out this post to learn more about the topic. 

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

Extended Essay

Extended Essay Topics

Get Inspired: 110 Unique Extended Essay Topics and Ideas

14 min read

Published on: May 7, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 30, 2024

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Are you struggling to choose an interesting topic for your extended essay? Do you feel overwhelmed by the vast array of options and the pressure to excel in your research?

Students often struggle with finding a good, researchable topic for their extended essays. But don't worry!

This blog offers 110 best extended essay topics and ideas, along with expert tips for success. With this read, you can easily get started on your extended essay. 

So, read on and discover a wide range of topics!

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IB Extended Essay Topics

IB extended essay topics are diverse, interdisciplinary, and self-directed. They can be chosen from a wide range of subjects and must be grounded in academic research. 

The topics are broad but feasible for in-depth research and writing. Writing an extended essay develops students' skills in critical thinking, and research, and prepares them for the future.

Here are extended essay topics categorized by subjects.

Biology Extended Essay Topics 

Here is a list of extended essay topics biology:

• Investigating the effectiveness of different types of natural insecticides on pest control.
• Analyzing the effect of X diet on gut microbiome composition and health.
• Examining the role of gut microbiota in human health and disease.
• Studying the genetic basis of addiction and its implications for treatment.
• Exploring the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for disease prevention and treatment.
• Analyzing the effects of different types of stress on the human body and mind.
• Examining the impact of X medication on the functioning of the Y organ system.
• Investigating the potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
• The effects of X substance on the behavior of Y cell type.
• Analyzing the ecological impact of invasive species on native ecosystems.

English Extended Essay Topics

Here are some extended essay topics English literature:

• Analyzing the use of symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.
• Investigating the role of gender in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice.
• How does Shakespeare use the theme of fate in Romeo and Juliet?
• Examining the impact of colonialism in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart.
• Analyzing the Theme of Power in J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings.
• How does F. Scott Fitzgerald critique the American Dream in The Great Gatsby?
• Investigating the representation of race in Toni Morrison’s Beloved.
• Analyzing the use of narrative structure in Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude.
• How does George Orwell use satire to critique totalitarianism in Animal Farm?
• Examining the use of magical realism in Isabel Allende’s The House of the Spirits.

Psychology Extended Essay Topics 

Check out this list of extended essay topics psychology:

• Investigating the impact of childhood trauma on adult mental health.
• Analyzing the relationship between personality traits and career success.
• Investigating the effects of social media on adolescent self-esteem and body image.
• Analyzing the impact of X drug on brain chemistry and behavior.
• Analyzing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating anxiety disorders.
• Examining the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating anxiety disorders.
• Investigating the relationship between X personality trait and addiction.
• Investigating the role of nature vs. nurture in the development of sexual orientation.
• Examining the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance and mood.
• Investigating the impact of X's environmental factor on the development of Y's mental health condition.

Economics Extended Essay Topics 

Here is a list of extended essay topics in economics:

• Exploring the relationship between government policies and income inequality in a particular country.
• Investigating the relationship between X income inequality and economic growth.
• Evaluating the effects of trade protectionism on domestic industries and consumers.
• The impact of X technology on employment and labor markets.
• Investigating the relationship between taxation and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices.
• Examining the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in driving economic growth.
• The effectiveness of X price discrimination strategy in increasing firm revenue.
• Exploring the role of corporate mergers and acquisitions in industry consolidation and market power.
• Investigating the relationship between X tax policy and small business growth.
• Assessing the impact of government regulation on the growth and development of emerging technologies.

Chemistry Extended Essay Topics

• Investigating the effects of different types of sunscreen on UV radiation protection.
• Analyzing the efficiency of different types of water filtration systems in removing contaminants.
• Exploring the chemistry behind the flavors and aromas of different types of wine.
• What are the chemical reactions involved in food preservation techniques?
• Assessing the impact of different types of fertilizers on soil pH and plant growth.
• Examining the chemistry of fermentation and its applications in the production of different types of alcoholic beverages.
• What is the impact of air pollution on atmospheric chemistry and climate change?
• Analyzing the chemical properties of different types of plastics and their environmental impact.
• What is the chemistry behind the synthesis and properties of superconductors?
• Studying the chemistry of batteries and their applications in energy storage.

Physics Extended Essay Topics

Here are some extended essay topics for physics:

• Investigating the physics of fluid dynamics and its applications in aerodynamics.
• Exploring the properties and applications of different types of superconductors
• The effect of X wavelength on the speed of light in a medium.
• The physics of magnetic levitation and its applications in transportation.
• Investigating the relationship between X surface area and the rate of evaporation.
• Exploring the properties and applications of different types of lasers.
• Investigating the physics of nuclear fusion and its potential as a clean energy source.
• Studying the relationship between the X spring constant and the period of oscillation of a mass-spring system.
• Exploring the physics of quantum computing and its potential applications in computing and cryptography.
• Analyzing the efficiency of heat engine technology.

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Extended Essay Topics Business

Here is a list of business management extended essay topics:

• Examining the Relationship Between Corporate Culture and Employee Motivation
• Assessing the Effects of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Behavior and Brand Awareness
• Investigating the Factors that Contribute to Successful International Joint Ventures
• Evaluating the Effectiveness of Talent Management Strategies in Recruiting and Retaining Top Employees
• Analyzing the Impact of E-Commerce on Traditional Retail Business Models
• Studying the Role of Emotional Intelligence in Effective Leadership and Team Management
• Exploring Strategies for Managing Workplace Diversity and Inclusion
• Investigating the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Job Displacement and Workforce Development
• Exploring the Benefits and Challenges of Strategic Partnerships for Business Growth and Innovation
• Analyzing the Effects of Government Regulations on Business Operations and Profitability.

History Extended Essay Topics 

Here is some extended essay topics history:

• Analyzing the Impact of the Opium Wars on China's Relationship with the West
• Studying the Factors that Contributed to the Fall of the Roman Empire
• Examining the Legacy of the Haitian Revolution and its Influence on Global Anti-Colonial Movements
• Evaluating the Role of Women in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States
• What Were the Causes and Consequences of the Spanish Civil War
• Investigating the Factors that Led to the Rise of Fascism in Italy
• The Impact of the American Indian Movement on Indigenous Rights in the United States
• Evaluating the Success and Failures of the United Nations in Promoting International Peace and Security
• What Became The Causes and Consequences of the Partition of India in 1947
• Investigating the Role of Propaganda in Shaping Public Opinion during World War II.

Extended Essay Topics Computer Science

• Enhancing Cybersecurity with Artificial Intelligence: An Investigation
• Social Media Algorithms and User Behavior: An Analysis of Political Polarization
• Ethical Implications of Facial Recognition Technology: An Examination
• Detecting Financial Fraud with Machine Learning Algorithms: An Evaluation
• Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management: A Study
• Quantum Computing and Cryptography: An Investigation into Data Security
• Computer Science and Sustainable Energy Technologies: A Review
• Predictive Analytics for Healthcare: A Comparative Study of Data Mining Techniques
• Autonomous Vehicles: An Exploration of Ethical and Social Implications
• Assistive Technologies for People with Disabilities: A Critical Assessment of Computer Science Contributions.

Extended Essay Topics Global Politics

• Assessing the effectiveness of UN peacekeeping missions in resolving conflicts
• The impact of social media on political activism and social movements in the digital age
• The role of international organizations in promoting human rights and humanitarian aid
• The influence of neoliberalism on global economic policies and its impact on developing countries
• Investigating the root causes of terrorism and strategies for combating it in the modern world
• The impact of climate change on global politics and the role of international cooperation in addressing it
• An Evaluation of China's Belt and Road Initiative and its impact on global economic and political power dynamics
• The Role of soft power in shaping international relations and Diplomacy
• Analyzing the ethical implications of drone warfare and targeted killings in contemporary warfare
• The challenges and opportunities of refugee resettlement policies in developed countries.

Extended Essay Topics Geography

• The relationship between tourism and environmental conservation in a specific region or national park.
• Evaluating the effectiveness of different methods for managing and reducing plastic waste in coastal cities.
• The impact of sea level rise on coastal communities and infrastructure in a particular location.
• Comparing the effectiveness of different renewable energy sources for powering a specific region or country.
• Assessing the impact of deforestation on the water cycle and water availability in a particular region.
• Examining the impact of urbanization on the microclimate of a specific city or urban area.
• Studying the potential impact of a future earthquake or volcanic eruption on a particular region or city.
• What is the effectiveness of various adaptation strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on agriculture in a particular region or country?
• Investigating the relationship between air pollution and respiratory health in a specific urban area or region.
• Assessing the impact of mining on the environment and local communities in a particular region or country.

Research Questions for Extended Essay 

Here is a list of research questions for extended essays:

• To what extent has social media impacted political participation and activism among young people?
• How does the representation of mental illness in literature reflect changing societal attitudes toward mental health over time?
• What is the impact of the use of technology in the classroom on student learning outcomes?
• To what extent do cultural factors shape perceptions of beauty and body image, and what are the potential negative effects of these perceptions on individuals and society?
• How has the #MeToo movement impacted the legal and social responses to sexual harassment and assault?
• What are the ethical implications of using artificial intelligence to make decisions in fields such as medicine or finance?
• How has globalization impacted economic inequality both within and between countries?
• To what extent do historical events such as colonization continue to shape contemporary social and economic disparities in certain regions or countries?
• What is the psychological impact of exposure to violent or graphic media on children and adolescents?
• How do cultural attitudes towards mental health differ across different regions or countries, and what are the implications of these differences for the treatment of mental illness?

Good Vs. Bad Research Questions

When creating research questions, it's important to know that they're not the same as essay topics. Good research questions have certain qualities that make them effective, while bad ones can lead to unsuccessful research. 

Let's talk about how to tell the difference!

Characteristics of a Good Extended Essay Topic

Choosing a good extended essay topic is crucial to the success of your project. Here are some characteristics to keep in mind:

• Personal interest: Select a topic that you find interesting and fascinating. This will make the research and writing process much more enjoyable.
• Feasibility: Choose a topic that is feasible within the given time and resource constraints. Consider factors such as access to information and availability of sources.
• Originality: Aim for a topic that is original and unique. Avoid choosing a topic that is too broad or generic.
• Significance: Select a topic that is significant and relevant to the subject area. The topic should have relevance beyond the extended essay itself.
• Research potential: Choose a topic that has ample scope for research and analysis. This will ensure that you have enough material to write a comprehensive essay.

By considering these characteristics, you can select an extended essay topic that will result in a rewarding project.

How to Choose an Extended Essay Topic?

The extended essay is an opportunity to explore a topic of personal interest and develop research skills while demonstrating its understanding.

Here are some things IB students should consider when choosing an EE topic:

Understand the EE Guidelines

To choose an appropriate topic for your extended essay, you must first familiarize yourself with the requirements set by the IB program. 

You can refer to an extended essay guide for this. This will ensure that your chosen topic is within the scope of the program and meets the necessary academic standards.

Brainstorm and Narrow Down Options

Brainstorming is a crucial step in selecting an extended essay topic. Start by generating a list of ideas based on your interests and passions. 

Narrow down options by considering feasibility, resources, and research questions.

Consider Personal Interests

Selecting a topic that matches your interests can enhance your extended essay research and writing process.

Consider your strengths and weaknesses when choosing a topic to ensure successful completion of the project.

Evaluate the Feasibility and Scope of Topic

It is essential to evaluate the feasibility and scope of your chosen topic before committing to it fully. 

Consider factors such as the availability of resources, potential research questions, and the time and effort required to complete the project. Make sure that your chosen topic is manageable and realistic within the given timeframe.

By carefully picking the right topic, you can take the first step towards ensuring a good extended essay grade.

With the list of topics provided and the tips on how to choose, you are well-equipped to begin your extended essay journey. 

However, if the process still seems overwhelming, don't hesitate to reach out to our college essay-writing service for help. 

Our AI essay writer can write your extended essay on any topic you need.

Also, our writers can guide you in choosing a topic, conducting research, and crafting a well-structured essay that meets the requirements. 

With our extended essay writing service , you’ll get a top-quality essay that earns you the grade you deserve. 

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

What is a good extended essay topic.

A good extended essay topic is one that aligns with your personal interests and passions, and allows for in-depth research and analysis.

What is the easiest extended essay topic?

There is no one "easiest" extended essay topic, as the level of difficulty can vary based on individual strengths and weaknesses. However, selecting a topic that you have a strong background knowledge in can make the process easier.

Is it easy to get an A in an extended essay?

It is possible to get an A in an extended essay, but it requires a strong understanding of the chosen topic, thorough research, and well-structured writing that meets all the requirements.

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As a Digital Content Strategist, Nova Allison has eight years of experience in writing both technical and scientific content. With a focus on developing online content plans that engage audiences, Nova strives to write pieces that are not only informative but captivating as well.

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IB Extended Essay: 250+ Ideas and Guide

Charles Whitehouse

What is the IB Extended Essay?

The Extended Essay , along with the Creativity, Activity, Service component and Theory of Knowledge , forms an integral part of the IB Diploma Programme . It offers IB high school students an opportunity to explore a topic of personal interest in-depth, develop research and writing skills, and experience the rigours of academic investigation.

One of the distinguishing features of the IB Extended Essay is its length. It requires students to write a substantial essay of up to 4,000 words, which is equivalent to about 16-20 pages. This allows students to delve into their chosen subject matter and demonstrate their ability to engage with complex ideas.

Over 88,000 IBDP students across the globe undertook the Extended Essay in 2022 as part of their IB Diploma requirements. It has been lauded as an effective preparation for university-level research and writing, helping students develop critical thinking, analytical, and independent research skills.

The Extended Essay is an opportunity for students to apply the knowledge and skills gained from their chosen subjects in a multidisciplinary manner. It encourages interdisciplinary exploration, enabling students to connect different areas of knowledge and develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

In order to successfully complete the Extended Essay, students must adhere to a structured process that includes selecting a research question, conducting thorough research, organising their findings, and presenting their analysis and conclusions in a coherent manner. By undertaking the IB Extended Essay, students not only enhance their academic skills but also develop essential skills such as time management, critical thinking, and independent inquiry.

How to Choose Your Extended Essay Research Question?

Choosing a research question for your IB Extended Essay is a crucial step that sets the direction and scope of your investigation. Here are some key considerations to keep in mind when selecting your research question:

1. Personal Interest: Choose a topic that genuinely interests you. Passion for the subject matter will fuel your motivation and dedication throughout the research process.

2. Feasibility: Ensure that your research question is manageable within the constraints of the Extended Essay. Consider the availability of resources, time required for research and analysis, and the scope of the topic.

3. Specificity: Formulate a research question that is focused and specific. A broad question may lead to a lack of depth in your analysis, while a narrow question may limit the availability of relevant sources and data.

4. Relevance: Select a research question that is relevant to the subject you are investigating. It should align with the objectives and content of the chosen subject area.

5. Novelty: Aim for a research question that offers a unique perspective or contributes to existing knowledge. Originality in your approach and analysis can make your Extended Essay stand out.

6. Consultation: Seek guidance from your teachers, mentors, or IB tutors . They can provide valuable insights and help you refine your research question.

Remember that your research question will shape the entire trajectory of your Extended Essay, so take the time to carefully consider and refine it before proceeding with your research.

Now, let's explore a variety of ideas for each subject, providing you with a diverse range of potential topics to consider for your IB Extended Essay.

Top 10 IB Extended Essay Subjects in 2022

Extended Essay Ideas for Each Subject

1. How Do Fibonacci Sequences Apply in Real World Scenarios?

2. Do Fractals Have a Role in Modelling Weather Patterns?

3. Is the Monty Hall Problem Really Counter-Intuitive? A Statistical Analysis.

4. To What Extent Does the Golden Ratio Appear in Architecture?

5. How Does Bayesian Probability Predict Election Outcomes?

6. The Role of Game Theory in the Cold War: A Mathematical Perspective.

7. Can Catastrophe Theory Model Stock Market Crashes?

8. How Effective are Neural Networks in Predicting Future Events?

9. A Study of the Mathematical Strategies Employed in Chess.

10. Comparing the Accuracy of Different Numerical Methods for Solving Differential Equations.

11. Is Bitcoin's Value Deterministic or Stochastic?

12. How Does Voronoi Diagram Optimize Emergency Service Locations?

13. Using the Markov Chain to Predict Weather Patterns.

14. To What Extent is RSA Encryption Secure?

15. How Does Linear Algebra Apply in Computer Graphics?

16. An Investigation into the Math Behind Google's PageRank Algorithm.

17. How Effective is the Math Behind Machine Learning Algorithms?

18. Exploring the Effect of Maths in Optimising Traffic Flow.

19. Are There Mathematical Patterns in Successful Lottery Numbers?

20. How Efficiently Can Prime Numbers Be Generated?

Have a look at our comprehensive set of IB Study Notes and IB Practice Questions , developed by expert IB teachers and examiners!

English Literature

1. The Role of Feminism in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice.

2. A Study of Racial Identity in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye.

3. Is Hamlet Truly Mad or Just Pretending? An Analysis.

4. The Impact of Post-Colonialism in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart.

5. How Does Orwell Use Language to Depict Dystopia in 1984?

6. The Influence of Gothic Elements in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights.

7. The Depiction of Mental Illness in Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar.

8. The Role of Nature in William Wordsworth's Romantic Poetry.

9. The Effect of Social Hierarchy in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.

10. How Does Harper Lee Convey Themes of Racial Injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird?

11. Exploring Gender Stereotypes in George Eliot's Middlemarch.

12. The Role of Supernatural in Shakespeare's Macbeth.

13. Exploring the Influence of Marxism in George Orwell's Animal Farm.

14. A Study of Homosexuality in Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray.

15. How Does Virginia Woolf Explore Feminism in Mrs Dalloway?

16. The Depiction of War in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front.

17. The Role of the American Dream in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.

18. The Use of Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter.

19. A Study of Isolation in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein.

20. The Impact of Social Class in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations.

1. How Do Different pH Levels Affect the Activity of Enzymes in Yeast?

2. Investigating the Effects of Light Intensity on the Rate of Photosynthesis.

3. How Does Temperature Affect the Germination of Seeds?

4. Impact of Varying Salinity Levels on Brine Shrimp Survival Rates.

5. The Role of Epigenetics in Gene Expression: Case Study on Identical Twins.

6. To What Extent Do Different Antibiotics Inhibit Bacterial Growth?

7. How Does Caffeine Affect the Heart Rate of Daphnia?

8. An Investigation into the Impact of Pollution on Local Plant Diversity.

9. The Impact of Various Drugs on the Pulsation Rate of Lumbriculus variegatus.

10. Comparing the Efficacy of Natural Vs. Synthetic Pesticides on Plant Growth.

11. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity: A Literature Review.

12. Does the Level of Vitamin C in Oranges Change Over Time?

13. How Do Different Types of Soil Affect Earthworm Activity?

14. Investigating the Correlation Between Altitude and Plant Biodiversity.

15. Analysis of Microplastic Concentration in Local Freshwater Bodies.

16. Impact of Noise Pollution on Birdsong: A Case Study.

17. A Comparison of Antibacterial Properties in Manuka Honey Vs. Regular Honey.

18. The Effect of Different Light Wavelengths on the Growth of Pea Plants.

19. How Does Exercise Intensity Impact Blood Glucose Levels?

20. Is There a Correlation Between Water pH and Aquatic Life Diversity?

1. How Does Temperature Affect the Rate of Reaction in the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide?

2. Investigating the Effectiveness of Different Antacids on Stomach Acid.

3. A Comparative Study on the Vitamin C Concentration in Different Citrus Fruits.

4. How Does Cooking Time Affect the Vitamin C Levels in Vegetables?

5. To What Extent Does Enzyme Concentration Affect the Fermentation of Yeast?

6. Analysis of Caffeine Content in Different Types of Tea .

7. The Effect of Different Factors on the Corrosion of Iron.

8. How Does the Concentration of Sodium Chloride Affect the Electrolysis of Water?

9. Comparing the Energy Output of Different Biofuels.

10. The Effect of Temperature on the Crystal Size in the Recrystallisation Process.

11. Comparing the Acidities of Natural and Processed Foods.

12. Investigating the Effect of Various Catalysts on the Rate of Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition.

13. Synthesis of Aspirin: A Study on the Purity of the Product.

14. Comparing the Efficiency of Different Types of Solar Panels.

15. Investigating the Impact of Carbonation on pH Levels in Various Soft Drinks.

16. The Effect of Chelating Agents on the Solubility of Metal Ions.

17. A Study on the Photodegradation of Dyes Using Titanium Dioxide.

18. How Do Different Sugar Types Affect Fermentation Rates in Yeast?

19. Analysis of Water Hardness in Various Local Water Supplies.

20. Investigating the Efficacy of Different Water Filtration Methods in Removing Heavy Metals.

1. Investigating the Relationship Between the Drop Height and Crater Size in a Simulated Impact.

2. How Does the Angle of Incidence Affect the Efficiency of a Solar Panel?

3. Analysing the Relationship Between the Length of a Pendulum and Its Period.

4. To What Extent Does the Mass of a Projectile Affect Its Range?

5. Investigating the Factors Affecting the Drag Force on a Falling Object.

6. A Study on the Efficiency of Different Insulating Materials in Reducing Heat Loss.

7. How Does the Depth of Water Affect Wave Speed?

8. The Relationship Between the Angle of Release and the Distance Traveled by a Trebuchet.

9. Investigating the Effect of Surface Area on Terminal Velocity.

10. How Does the Thickness of a Wire Affect Its Electrical Resistance?

11. The Impact of Varying Air Pressure on the Lift Force of an Airfoil.

12. Analysing the Relationship Between the Magnitude of an Earthquake and the Distance from the Epicentre.

13. Investigating the Factors Affecting the Speed of Sound in Different Media.

14. How Does the Concentration of a Solution Affect Its Refractive Index?

15. The Effect of Various Materials on the Absorption of Radiation.

16. A Study on the Efficiency of Wind Turbines at Different Wind Speeds.

17. Investigating the Effect of Temperature on the Viscosity of Liquids.

18. How Does the Type of Material Affect the Transmission of Sound Waves?

19. The Relationship Between the Angle of a Ramp and the Frictional Force Acting on an Object.

20. A Study on the Factors Affecting the Strength of Electromagnets.

1. The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers' Mental Health: A Cross-Cultural Study.

2. Investigating the Role of Parenting Styles in Child Development.

3. The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Performance.

4. How Does Classical Conditioning Apply in Advertising Strategies?

5. The Impact of Colour on Consumer Behaviour: A Study in Retail Settings.

6. The Role of Social Support in Coping with Stress.

7. To What Extent Does Personality Influence Career Success?

8. Investigating the Effect of Group Dynamics on Decision Making.

9. The Impact of Music on Cognitive Task Performance.

10. A Study on the Effectiveness of Different Techniques for Reducing Test Anxiety.

11. The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance.

12. Analysing the Impact of Stereotype Threat on Test Performance.

13. Investigating the Factors Affecting the Formation of False Memories.

14. How Does the Bystander Effect Manifest in Online Settings?

15. The Role of Mindfulness in Reducing Stress and Anxiety.

16. Analysing the Impact of Gender Stereotypes on Occupational Choices.

17. Investigating the Influence of Cultural Background on Conflict Resolution Styles.

18. The Impact of Video Games on Aggression: A Meta-Analysis.

19. A Study on the Factors Affecting Altruistic Behaviour.

20. The Role of Attachment Styles in Romantic Relationships.

1. Investigating the Impact of Unemployment on Crime Rates in Urban Areas.

2. The Effect of Immigration on Wage Levels: A Case Study.

3. To What Extent Does Government Spending Influence Economic Growth?

4. A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Impact of Tourism in Coastal Vs. Inland Regions.

5. Assessing the Impact of Brexit on the UK's Trade Balance.

6. The Role of Microfinance in Alleviating Poverty in Rural India.

7. Investigating the Effects of Minimum Wage Policies on Small Businesses.

8. The Impact of Covid-19 on the Global Supply Chain: A Study on the Auto Industry.

9. How Do Oil Prices Affect Inflation Rates? A Historical Analysis.

10. A Study on the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Economic Growth.

11. The Effect of Trade Tariffs on Domestic Industries: The Case of US-China Trade War.

12. The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Economic Development of Emerging Markets.

13. To What Extent Does Education Contribute to Economic Productivity?

14. The Impact of Climate Change Policies on the Energy Sector.

15. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Combating Recessions.

16. The Role of the Informal Economy in Urban Development: A Case Study.

17. Investigating the Correlation Between Real Estate Prices and Economic Growth.

18. The Impact of Population Aging on Healthcare Expenditure .

19. Assessing the Economic Consequences of Natural Disasters: A Case Study.

20. The Effect of Technological Advancements on Employment Rates in the Manufacturing Sector.

Business Management

1. The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Motivation in Tech Start-ups.

2. How Does Corporate Social Responsibility Influence Brand Image?

3. The Role of Human Resource Management in Employee Retention.

4. Investigating the Impact of E-commerce on Traditional Retail Businesses.

5. How Do Changes in Interest Rates Affect Small Business Financing?

6. The Role of Innovation in the Competitive Advantage of Businesses.

7. Investigating the Effects of Workplace Diversity on Team Performance.

8. The Impact of Organisational Culture on Employee Job Satisfaction.

9. How Does Supply Chain Management Affect the Profitability of Manufacturing Firms?

10. The Role of Digital Marketing in Enhancing Customer Engagement.

11. Assessing the Impact of Brexit on the Business Strategy of UK-based Companies.

12. The Effect of Ethical Practices on Business Reputation.

13. Investigating the Role of Strategic Alliances in Enhancing Market Position.

14. The Impact of Covid-19 on Remote Work Policies: A Case Study.

15. How Does Customer Relationship Management Influence Customer Loyalty?

16. The Effect of Government Regulations on Startup Ecosystem.

17. Evaluating the Role of Corporate Governance in Financial Performance.

18. The Impact of Merger and Acquisition on Employee Morale.

19. The Effect of Green Initiatives on Business Sustainability.

20. The Role of Business Intelligence in Decision-making.

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1. Investigating the Impact of Urbanisation on Local Biodiversity: A Case Study.

2. The Role of Climate Change in the Spread of Vector-borne Diseases.

3. The Effect of River Diversions on Local Ecosystems.

4. Assessing the Impact of Deforestation on Local Climate: A Case Study.

5. The Role of Tourism in the Sustainable Development of Coastal Regions.

6. Investigating the Impact of Gentrification on Urban Neighbourhoods: A Case Study.

7. The Effect of Climate Change on the Availability of Freshwater Resources.

8. Assessing the Impact of Agricultural Practices on Soil Erosion in Rural Areas.

9. Analysing the Relationship Between Population Density and Transportation Infrastructure.

10. The Role of Renewable Energy in Reducing Carbon Emissions: A Case Study.

11. Investigating the Impact of Land Reclamation on Coastal Ecosystems.

12. The Effect of Urban Sprawl on Air Quality in Major Cities.

13. Assessing the Vulnerability of Coastal Communities to Sea Level Rise.

14. The Impact of Industrialisation on River Water Quality: A Case Study.

15. How Does Waste Management Affect the Sustainability of Urban Areas?

16. Investigating the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Spatial Segregation.

17. The Role of Urban Green Spaces in Enhancing Residents' Well-being.

18. The Impact of Natural Disasters on Economic Development in Small Island Nations.

19. Analysing the Factors Affecting the Distribution of Earthquakes and Volcanic Activity.

20. The Effect of Land Use Change on Flood Risk in Urban Areas.

Computer Science

1. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Different Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Stock Prices.

2. Investigating the Impact of Encryption Techniques on Data Security.

3. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Automating Routine Tasks.

4. How Does the Implementation of Blockchain Technology Affect Supply Chain Management?

5. Assessing the Impact of Social Media Algorithms on User Behaviour.

6. The Effect of Augmented Reality on the User Experience in Mobile Applications.

7. Investigating the Feasibility of Quantum Computing in Solving Complex Problems.

8. The Role of Big Data Analytics in Enhancing Business Decision-making.

9. Analysing the Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cloud Computing by SMEs.

10. The Impact of Cybersecurity Measures on the Prevention of Data Breaches.

11. Investigating the Ethical Implications of Facial Recognition Technology.

12. The Effect of Internet of Things on Energy Efficiency in Smart Homes.

13. Assessing the Impact of Virtual Reality on Gaming Industry.

14. The Role of Natural Language Processing in Enhancing Human-Computer Interaction.

15. How Does the Development of Autonomous Vehicles Affect Traffic Management?

16. Investigating the Scalability Issues in Distributed Systems.

17. The Effect of Software Development Methodologies on Project Success Rates.

18. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Job Market: A Case Study.

19. Analysing the Factors Affecting the Performance of Mobile Networks.

20. The Role of Bioinformatics in Personalised Medicine.

Environmental Systems and Societies

1. Investigating the Impact of E-waste on Soil and Water Quality.

2. The Effect of Climate Change on Coral Reef Ecosystems.

3. Assessing the Impact of Invasive Species on Native Biodiversity.

4. The Role of Sustainable Agriculture in Reducing Environmental Degradation.

5. Analysing the Factors Affecting the Ozone Layer Depletion.

6. The Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Life: A Case Study.

7. Investigating the Feasibility of Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies.

8. The Role of Urban Planning in Reducing Air Pollution in Cities.

9. The Effect of Overfishing on Marine Ecosystems: A Case Study.

10. Assessing the Impact of Renewable Energy Sources on Carbon Emissions.

11. Investigating the Relationship Between Deforestation and Climate Change.

12. The Impact of Industrial Pollution on Local Communities' Health: A Case Study.

13. The Role of Waste Management in Reducing Ocean Pollution.

14. The Effect of Pesticides on Soil Microorganism Diversity.

15. Assessing the Impact of Dams on River Ecosystems.

16. Investigating the Efficacy of Reforestation Efforts in Carbon Sequestration.

17. The Role of Environmental Education in Promoting Sustainable Consumption Behaviours.

18. The Effect of Acid Rain on Forest Ecosystems: A Case Study.

19. Analysing the Impact of Mining Activities on Local Water Quality.

20. The Role of Green Infrastructure in Enhancing Urban Sustainability.

Social and Cultural Anthropology

1. Investigating the Impact of Globalisation on Indigenous Cultures: A Case Study.

2. The Role of Language in Shaping Cultural Identity.

3. Analysing the Influence of Cultural Practices on Gender Roles.

4. The Effect of Migration on Cultural Assimilation: A Case Study.

5. The Impact of Western Media on Body Image Perceptions in Non-Western Societies.

6. Investigating the Relationship Between Religion and Social Norms in a Given Society.

7. The Role of Cultural Traditions in Shaping Food Habits.

8. The Impact of Social Media on Cultural Exchange: A Case Study.

9. Analysing the Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Educational Attainment.

10. The Effect of Colonialism on Cultural Diversity: A Case Study.

11. Investigating the Role of Folklore in Preserving Cultural Heritage.

12. The Impact of Urbanisation on Traditional Social Structures: A Case Study.

13. The Role of Music and Dance in Cultural Expression.

14. Analysing the Influence of Cultural Factors on Mental Health.

15. The Effect of Cultural Beliefs on Healthcare Practices: A Case Study.

16. Investigating the Impact of Tourism on Local Cultures.

17. The Role of Rituals and Ceremonies in Social Cohesion.

18. The Impact of Legal Systems on Gender Equality: A Comparative Study.

19. Analysing the Cultural Adaptations of Immigrants in a New Society.

20. The Role of Art and Literature in Reflecting Social Changes.

Visual Arts

1. Investigating the Influence of Social Issues on Banksy's Street Art.

2. The Impact of Japanese Art on Claude Monet’s Painting Style.

3. Analysing the Representation of Women in Renaissance Paintings.

4. The Role of Surrealism in Salvador Dali's Artistic Expression.

5. Investigating the Cultural Symbolism in Frida Kahlo’s Self-portraits.

6. The Impact of Pop Culture on Andy Warhol's Art .

7. Analysing the Use of Light and Shadow in Caravaggio's Paintings.

8. The Role of Spirituality in Wassily Kandinsky's Abstract Art.

9. The Influence of African Art on Picasso's Cubist Period.

10. The Depiction of War and Its Aftermath in Otto Dix's Works.

11. Investigating the Use of Colour in Mark Rothko’s Abstract Paintings.

12. The Role of Indigenous Culture in Emily Carr's Landscape Paintings.

13. Analysing the Evolution of Political Themes in Chinese Contemporary Art.

14. The Effect of the Harlem Renaissance on Aaron Douglas' Art.

15. Investigating the Use of Geometric Shapes in Kandinsky’s Abstract Art.

16. The Role of Dutch Culture and Society in Vermeer's Paintings.

17. The Depiction of Nature in Georgia O'Keeffe's Works.

18. Analysing the Impact of Feminism on Barbara Kruger's Art.

19. Investigating the Influence of Post-Impressionism on Vincent van Gogh’s Style.

20. The Representation of the American Dream in Edward Hopper's Paintings.

World Studies

1. Investigating the Global Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health.

2. The Effect of Climate Change on Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa.

3. Analysing the Influence of Globalisation on Indigenous Cultures.

4. The Role of International Law in Resolving Border Disputes: A Case Study.

5. Investigating the Impact of Global Trade Policies on Developing Economies.

6. The Effect of Globalisation on Income Inequality: A Comparative Study.

7. Analysing the Influence of Western Media on Global Perceptions of Beauty.

8. The Role of International Organizations in Addressing the Refugee Crisis.

9. Investigating the Global Response to the Rise of Cybercrime.

10. The Impact of Climate Change on Natural Disaster Frequency and Severity Worldwide.

11. Analysing the Influence of Globalisation on Language Diversity.

12. The Role of Technology in Bridging the Education Gap in Developing Countries.

13. Investigating the Global Impact of Antibiotic Resistance.

14. The Effect of International Trade on Cultural Exchange: A Case Study.

15. Analysing the Impact of Global Warming on Polar Ecosystems.

16. The Role of the United Nations in Promoting Global Gender Equality.

17. Investigating the Impact of Social Media on Political Activism Worldwide.

18. The Effect of Globalisation on the Sustainability of Traditional Crafts.

19. Analysing the Global Strategies for Wildlife Conservation.

20. The Role of International Cooperation in Space Exploration.

How to Write a Great IB Extended Essay

Crafting an exceptional IB Extended Essay requires a combination of strategic planning, critical thinking, and effective writing. In this guide, we will provide you with valuable insights and practical advice to help you excel in your writing journey and produce an outstanding essay.

1. Develop a Clear and Coherent Structure : Creating a well-organised structure is crucial to convey your ideas effectively. Start by outlining the main sections and subtopics of your essay. Ensure a logical flow of information, with each paragraph building upon the previous one. This will guide the reader through your arguments and analysis smoothly.

2. Conduct Thorough and Methodical Research : Thorough research forms the foundation of a strong Extended Essay. Dive into reputable sources, including academic journals, books, and credible websites. Gather evidence, data, and expert opinions to support your arguments. Take meticulous notes and properly cite your sources to maintain academic integrity.

3. Apply Critical Thinking and Evaluation : Engage in critical analysis by examining and evaluating the evidence you've gathered. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different viewpoints, theories, or methodologies. Develop your own informed perspective and present a well-reasoned argument supported by reliable evidence.

4. Craft Engaging and Coherent Paragraphs : Each paragraph should focus on a specific idea or argument, clearly stated in a topic sentence. Support your claims with evidence, examples, and relevant data. Use smooth transitions between paragraphs to ensure a cohesive and coherent essay.

5. Revise, Edit, and Proofread : Give yourself ample time for revising, editing, and proofreading your essay. Review your work for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Check for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Consider seeking feedback from teachers, peers, or mentors to gain valuable insights and improve your essay further.

We asked one IB teacher what they had to say about writing a great essay:

"The key is to choose a topic that truly ignites your curiosity, one that you are passionate about exploring. Don't be afraid to think outside the box and delve into uncharted territories. Remember, this is your chance to showcase your unique perspective and make a meaningful contribution to your chosen field. Embrace the research process, be diligent in gathering reliable sources, and let your creativity shine through in your writing. And most importantly, enjoy the journey of discovery and growth that the Extended Essay offers."

Remember, the IB Extended Essay is an opportunity to demonstrate your intellectual curiosity, research skills, and ability to present a coherent argument. Choose a topic that genuinely interests you, stay organised throughout the process, and invest time in thoughtful analysis and writing. To maximise your chances of success, you may also want to purchase an Extended Essay textbook or get the help of an IB Extended Essay tutor .

IB Extended Essay Grade Distribution in 2022

Finding Reliable Sources for Your Extended Essay

When writing your IB Extended Essay, it is essential to rely on credible and trustworthy sources. Follow these strategies to find reliable information:

1. Use Academic Databases: Access reputable databases like JSTOR and PubMed to find scholarly articles and research papers relevant to your subject.

2. Consult Library Resources: Take advantage of books, encyclopaedias, and reference materials available in your school or local library.

3. Explore Digital Libraries: Visit digital libraries such as the Digital Public Library of America and Europeana for access to a wide range of digitised resources.

4. Evaluate Websites Carefully: Verify the credibility of the author or organisation, check for peer-reviewed articles or references, and consider the domain (.edu, .gov, or .org) for reliable information.

5. Utilise Scholarly Search Engines: Utilise specialised search engines like Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic to find academic publications.

6. Consult Subject-Specific Journals: Look for reputable journals in your field and review their latest issues for current research.

7. Seek Guidance from Librarians and Experts: Librarians and subject experts can offer valuable assistance in finding reliable sources and publications.

By following these strategies and critically evaluating the sources you find, you can ensure the credibility and integrity of your Extended Essay research. Reliable sources will strengthen your arguments and provide a solid foundation for your essay.

Strategies for Conducting Primary and Secondary Research

To conduct comprehensive primary and secondary research for your essay, consider the following strategies:

Primary Research

Surveys and Questionnaires: Create well-designed surveys or questionnaires to collect data directly from participants. Utilise online survey tools like Google Forms or SurveyMonkey for wider reach and convenient data analysis.

Interviews: Conduct interviews with subject experts, professionals, or individuals relevant to your research topic. Prepare insightful questions and record their responses for later analysis.

Experiments and Observations: Design and conduct controlled experiments or observations to gather firsthand data. Document procedures, measurements, and observations accurately.

Secondary Research

Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing scholarly articles, books, and reports. Analyse and synthesise the information to identify research gaps and contribute to the existing knowledge.

Online Databases: Utilise reputable academic databases such as PubMed, JSTOR, and IEEE Xplore to access peer-reviewed articles and research papers specific to your subject area.

Government and Institutional Sources: Explore official government websites, research repositories of educational institutions, and databases of international organisations for reliable data, reports, and statistics.

Subject-Specific Sources: Identify subject-specific journals, publications, and conferences related to your research topic. These sources provide up-to-date research and insights from experts in the field.

Remember to consider ethical considerations throughout your research process, including obtaining necessary permissions, maintaining confidentiality, and respecting the rights and privacy of participants. Documentation of your research methods, sources, and any challenges faced is crucial. Analyse and interpret your findings critically, using them as evidence to support your arguments and contribute to your overall analysis.

Formatting and Structure Guidelines for the IB Extended Essay

To ensure a well-organised and coherent IB Extended Essay, consider the following structure as a guideline:

1. Title Page : Include essential information such as the title, subject, research question, and candidate number. Refer to the official IB Extended Essay Guide for specific requirements.

2. Abstract: Provide a concise summary of your essay, outlining the main research question, methodology, key findings, and conclusions. Limit the abstract to 300 words.

3. Table of Contents : Create a clear and accurate table of contents that outlines the structure of your essay, including sections, subheadings, and page numbers.

4. Introduction : Start with an engaging introduction that presents the research question, provides background information, and explains the significance of the topic. Clearly state the aim and objectives of your research.

5. Body : The body of your essay should delve into your research in-depth. Organize your content into coherent paragraphs, each addressing a specific aspect of your research. Consider the following elements:

a. Literature Review: Provide an overview of the relevant literature and theories related to your research topic. Analyse existing research, highlight key concepts, and discuss any debates or gaps in knowledge.

b. Methodology: Describe the research methodology employed, including the research design, data collection methods, and ethical considerations. Explain why the chosen methods are appropriate for addressing your research question.

c. Data Analysis and Findings: Present your findings based on the data collected. Use appropriate analysis techniques, such as statistical analysis or qualitative coding, to interpret your data and draw meaningful conclusions. Include tables, charts, or graphs to support your findings.

d. Discussion: Analyse and interpret your findings in the context of your research question. Explore the implications of your results, compare them with existing research, and discuss any limitations or challenges encountered during the research process.

6. Conclusion : Summarise your key findings, address your research question, and draw meaningful conclusions based on your analysis. Reflect on the implications and broader significance of your research. Highlight any recommendations for future research or areas for further exploration.

7. References : Include a comprehensive list of all sources consulted in your research. Follow the appropriate citation style (e.g., MLA, APA, or Chicago) for in-text citations and the bibliography. Accurately cite all sources, including books, articles, websites, and any other references used.

8. Appendices (if applicable): Include any supplementary materials, such as raw data, charts, graphs, or additional supporting evidence that are relevant to your research.

Typically, the Extended Essay has a word limit of around 4,000 words. It is important to note that this word count does not include footnotes, citations, and the bibliography. Additionally, the essay should be formatted using a standard font (e.g., Times New Roman or Arial) and a font size of 12 points. It is recommended to have double-spacing throughout the essay and to include page numbers.

The IB Extended Essay Assessment Criteria and Grading

The IB Extended Essay is assessed by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34. Your essay will be evaluated based on five criteria, each carrying a specific point value. It is crucial to comprehend these criteria and how they relate to letter grades to gauge your performance accurately. Here's an overview of the assessment criteria:

Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum) Demonstrate a clear research question and a well-defined approach. Show how you applied appropriate research methods to investigate your topic.

Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum) Display a strong understanding of the subject matter, relevant concepts, and theories. Support your arguments with accurate and relevant evidence.

Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum) Apply critical thinking skills to analyse and evaluate information, theories, and arguments. Demonstrate the ability to consider alternative viewpoints and draw well-reasoned conclusions.

Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum) Organize your essay effectively with a clear and logical structure. Use proper formatting, referencing, and citation methods consistently.

Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum) Engage in a reflective process throughout your research and writing. Show awareness of the strengths, limitations, and implications of your research.

To determine your letter grade, it is important to understand how the rubric assessment points correlate to the overall score. Here is a rough estimation of how the point values align with letter grades:

• 30-34: Excellent - A
• 25-29: Good - B
• 17-24: Satisfactory - C
• 9-16: Mediocre - D
• 0-8: Elementary - E

However, relying solely on these point values is not sufficient. It is crucial to thoroughly read and comprehend the specific grade descriptors provided by the IB. These descriptors offer comprehensive information about the expectations and criteria that examiners consider when assigning letter grades.

The grade you receive on your IB Extended Essay contributes to your overall International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme points score. The Extended Essay and Theory of Knowledge combined are worth up to 3 points of the total 45 points available for the IBDP .

IB Extended Essay and TOK points matrix

Final Thoughts

The IB Extended Essay is a challenging yet rewarding endeavour that allows high school students to showcase their research and analytical skills. With proper guidance and adherence to the assessment criteria, students have the opportunity to excel and achieve outstanding results. Embrace this opportunity to delve into a topic of interest, conduct in-depth research, and present your findings in a well-structured and engaging manner. Remember to consult reputable sources, seek guidance from your supervisor, and enjoy the journey of exploration and academic growth through the IB Extended Essay.

Is the IB Extended Essay hard?

The IB Extended Essay is undoubtedly a challenging undertaking, requiring significant effort and dedication, and is one of the hardest IB subjects . It is estimated that between 70% and 80% of IB students successfully complete the Extended Essay each year. Less than 14% of students received an A in the extended essay in 2022, showing its difficult.

Can you change your research question after starting the Extended Essay?

Yes, it is possible to change your research question after starting the Extended Essay. However, it is important to consult with your supervisor and ensure that the new research question still meets the requirements and aligns with the subject area you are pursuing.

When is the deadline to submit the Extended Essay?

The deadline to submit the Extended Essay can vary depending on the policies and timelines set by individual schools. In most cases, schools establish internal deadlines to ensure students have ample time to complete and revise their essays before the final submission. The typical deadline for submitting the Extended Essay is often set in the first half of the senior year, ranging from November to January. It is essential to check with your school's IB coordinator or Extended Essay coordinator for the specific deadline applicable to your academic institution.

Can you fail the Extended Essay?

Yes, it is possible to fail the Extended Essay if the work does not meet the required standards or does not fulfil the assessment criteria set by the IB. It is important to carefully follow the guidelines, seek guidance from your supervisor, and ensure your essay demonstrates strong research, analysis, and critical thinking skills. In 2022, 1.1% of students did not received no grade for their Extended Essays.

Can you fail the Extended Essay and still pass the IB?

Yes, it is possible to fail the Extended Essay and still pass the overall IB Diploma Programme. The Extended Essay contributes to a maximum of 3 points out of the total 45 points available for the diploma. Failing the Extended Essay means not earning any points from this component, but it does not necessarily mean failing the entire IB Diploma.

Can you collaborate with other students on the Extended Essay?

The IB allows limited collaboration with other students on the Extended Essay. While you can seek advice and support from others, it is important to maintain individual responsibility for your research, writing, and analysis. Collaboration should not compromise the integrity of your work, and any collaborative effort should be properly acknowledged and cited in your essay.

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Charles scored 45/45 on the International Baccalaureate and has six years' experience tutoring IB and IGCSE students and advising them with their university applications. He studied a double integrated Masters at Magdalen College Oxford and has worked as a research scientist and strategy consultant.

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The IB Extended Essay: Topic ideas and research Questions

• Details of the EE
• Topic ideas and research Questions
• Subject Guides & documents you need
• Writing a research paper
• Check the list of available subjects  here
• Read the IB's criteria for your subject
• Read an exemplar essay in your subject
• Decide on a topic within this subject
• This means you will need to do some research!
• During the first meeting with your advisor, discuss the research you've done, your ideas, and the requirements for your subject.
• Your revised research question proposal is due May 16.

Adapted from O'Farrell, Finbar.  Approach your assessment the IB Way: Extended Essay.  pg. 13

Examples of marked EEs in all subjects

• From the IB website Have a look at the specific subject you plan on writing your EE for a marked example. You will be able to identify what you need to be successful.

Design Technology

• Guide on writing an EE in DT The pdf explains everything clearly and is full of ideas and topics to write about.

Question: Has the introduction of new materials improved the performance of modern racing bicycles?

  Question:  What are the most ethical and efficient methods--through current technologies--private organizations can use to make Mars habitable for Human life?

History or Geography

Question : In what ways did the Cold War impact American public education? Question:   To what extent have Maori non-violent struggles for their land been effective? Question: How could the UN intervention in the Rwandan genocide be justified?  Question :Is it politically possible for the US government to win the drugs war? (Politics)

Question:  How are the depictions of Marie Antoinette in politics and portraiture significant to the French revolution and the fall of the French Monarchy? 

Question:  To what extent was film able to further pro-Nazi sentiment in Germany during the early 1930s to mid 1940s?

Question:  To what extent were the Vietnam War and cultural shifts occurring in the 1960s and early 1970s vital factors in the development of the student activism on college campuses in the United States and abroad?

Question:  To what extent was Matthew Perry’s 1853 arrival in Edo Bay the leading motivator for Japan’s rapid modernization during the Meiji Restoration?

Question:  What made the Federal Theatre Project such a success when after only four years of operation it was disbanded by the House of un-American Activities Committee?

Question:  To what extent were Kepler’s scientific discoveries revolutionary and how did they impact the development of science in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries?   

Question:  In what ways did the Hitler Youth organization impact the youth of Nazi Germany?

Question:  How did the works of classical Greek philosophers influence the domestic policy of Thomas Jefferson?  

Question:  How did the Bushido Code influence the meaning of tattoos in Asian culture?

Question:  In what way did the Catholic Church affect politics in the Kingdom of Spain during the Dark Ages?

Question:  What are the impacts of melting ice in the North and South Poles on the coastlines of the continental United States?

English EEs - ideas for Language and Literature

The EE Guide says the following on p 112 (EE Guide 2018, revised Jan 2017) - remember EACH subject has their own EE guides too.

   Quote The EE may relate to work students have already completed during the course, but they must also demonstrate relevant wider reading and individual study. It is the responsibility of the student to ensure that the topic of their EE does not overlap with any other work they are preparing for assessment in language A—for example, the written assignment in the literature course, or the written task in the language and literature course.   

Question:  How did Eugene Gladstone O'Neill express the themes of family relationship and sadness in his work Long Day's Journey Into Night?

Question:  How does the writing of Japanese horror artist and novelist Junji Ito contrast with the writing of American horror novelist Stephen King?

Question:  How do the final movies of the Harry Potter series compare to the final book? What has been changed or depicted differently in terms of characterization and storylines?

Sport Science

Question:  How does age affect the process of instant muscle reaction?

Economics or ITGS

Question:  What impact does public healthcare have on low income households in the United States compared to those in Canada?

Question:  To what extent has deforestation influenced Indonesia's economic and environmental growth?

Physics, Chemistry or Biology Ideas

Question:  How have climate change and forestry practices contributed to the spread of the mountain pine beetle in the Pacific Northwest in recent decades, and what does the outbreak show us about the ecological intricacies of climate change? 

Question:  What evidence is there to support the theory of life on Mars?

Question:  How does the DNA sequence of a transthyretin (TTR) gene affect whether Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy (FAP), Familial Amyloidotic Cardiomyopathy (FAC) or Senile Systemic Amyloidosis (SSA) form?

Arts - Visual/Performing

Question : What female stereotypes did Brecht employ in his plays, and how can these be compared and contrasted in performance, based on an analysis of a selection of Brecht's plays? Question : Picasso: individual genius or cultural thief? 

Question:  How does Rachmaninoff apply thematic development in his composition, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini ?

Question:  How do the Peanuts comics, written by Charles Schultz, show visual language?

Question:  How did the casting of the leading lady in Cole Porter's Anything Goes affect each production on Broadway?

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Guide to the IB Extended Essay in 2024

January 24, 2024

If you’re an International Baccalaureate student getting ready to write your IB Extended Essay, you might be experiencing some very understandable trepidation. But have no fear—we’re here to help you understand what’s required of you, how to plan ahead (IB extended essay topics), and how you’ll be graded (IB extended essay rubric). Keep reading for a good dose of preparation and confidence before you begin the journey. In this article, we’ll cover:

What is the IB Extended Essay?

The ib extended essay—required content, ib extended essay topics.

IB Extended Essay—Sample Essays

IB Extended Essay Tips

Ib extended essay rubric, ib extended essay—more resources.

The IB Extended Essay is a 4,000-word paper that asks you to immerse yourself in research and academic writing. A required part of the IB program, the Extended Essay is a chance to dig deep into a topic that fascinates you.

Although it’s no small task, the IB Extended Essay is an opportunity to gain practical research and writing skills that will come in handy again in college. As you write, you’ll learn how to:

• Identify credible sources
• Formulate a research question and limit your scope of research
• Communicate ideas to an audience
• Develop a well-supported argument

The IB Extended Essay is largely an independent, self-directed project, but don’t worry—the IB program doesn’t throw you into the deep end. You do get to select a mentor (usually a teacher at your school) to help guide you through the process. As you write, you’ll be required to meet with your mentor three times. As part of your final evaluation, your mentor will interview you in a final reflection section called a viva voce . During the viva voce, your mentor will check for plagiarism and malpractice, ask you to reflect on challenges and difficulties, and prompt you to discuss what you’ve learned through the research and writing process. Your mentor will then generate a report that factors into your final grade.

Your final essay must include the following:

• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

For this essay, it will be up to you to generate a topic; the International Baccalaureate does not provide prompts. However, your essay will need to fit within one of six provided subject areas . You’ll choose from the following list of IB Extended Essay Topics:

• Language and literature
• Language acquisition
• Individuals and societies
• Mathematics

IB Extended Essay Topics (Continued)

At a glance, the subject areas might look limited, but the topics you can choose to write about are actually wide-ranging. The “Individuals and societies” category includes social science topics like economics, history, world religions, and philosophy. And, if you’re leaning toward “Science,” you can choose from classic subjects such as biology, chemistry, and physics, or related topics like environmental systems or health science, among others.

The IB also offers a special “World Studies” option for students interested in researching global issues. This subject would allow you to center your writing on global issues such as migration, global health, cultural exchange, or climate change.

Wondering what an outstanding IB Extended Essay looks like? The International Baccalaureate provides quite a few sample student essays online . Here are five essays that earned A grades.

Language and literature: An exploration of an aspect of the narrative voice in Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita

Environmental Systems and Societies: The economic impact of the 1995 reintroduction of grey wolves to Yellowstone National Park

Psychology: To what extent do social networking sites (SNS) usage lead to experience of anxiety in adolescents?

Music: Composition techniques in the 1st movement of Johannes Brahms’s Symphony No. 2, Op. 73

Business Management: Corporate Culture at Oracle

1) Pick something you’re passionate about

As you can see from the titles above, the IB Extended Essay is a great place to delve into a niche topic that fascinates you. Since you’ll be spending many months on this essay, you’ll want to pick a topic you genuinely enjoy spending time learning about. It’s also smart to choose something you’ve already learned about in your IB classes so that you have a strong foundation of knowledge to start with. In music class, do you love pondering why music makes us feel a certain way? Maybe an essay about music theory will keep your gears turning. Do you come alive trying to solve seemingly impossible problems in physics class? Now’s your chance to put those equations into action.

Since this essay is all about your academic interests, it’s also a good idea to pick a topic that’s relevant to what you plan to study in college. Selecting a relevant topic will provide you with significant exposure to the field and will also give you something meaningful to talk about in your college admissions essays.

2) Limit your scope

What’s the meaning of life? Why do wars happen? What is time? Some questions are just way too big to answer, and your IB Extended Essay is not a good place to tackle expansive, philosophical questions. Instead, think of this essay as a place to investigate one piece of a big question. If, let’s say, you’re generally interested in what helps women reach positions of leadership in business, this is a good place to examine how one or a few companies approach this issue. Or, if you’re interested in studying what inspires surrealist painters, you’ll want to pick one or a few painters to research, likely all from the same time period. For both these topics, you’d need a whole textbook to tackle the full question, but limiting your scope will make it much easier to write a clear and cohesive 4,000 words.

On the other hand, it’s possible to narrow your focus too much. It would be impossible, for example, to write 4,000 words about a single sentence in a novel. Make sure you talk about scope early and often with your mentor. Together, you can find the perfect Goldilocks scope for your project that’s not too big and not too small.

3) Choose a good mentor

Speaking of mentors, choosing wisely will help you enormously as you embark on your IB Extended Essay. You’ll want to make sure you choose someone with existing knowledge in your research topic. Your English teacher may be able to give you great writing advice, for example, but they won’t be able to guide your research and scope if you’re writing about marine animals or modern dance.

Before you approach a teacher, make sure you have at least one topic idea (or even a few ideas) in mind so that you can make sure they’ll be a good fit to supervise your project. When you meet with them, find out what their mentorship style is like. Make sure they’ll have time to read several drafts of your essays, meet with you a few times, and give you feedback. Some IB schools will require your IB Extended Essay mentor to sign an agreement form too, so make sure you find out what paperwork is required in advance.

4) Get organized, way organized

The IB Extended Essay is not something you can crank out the night before it’s due. The essay is meant to be a substantive, in-depth, thoughtful, and thoroughly researched analysis, and Rome simply isn’t built in a day. This might be the longest paper you’ve written to date, and this project might require more research than you’ve been asked to do before. Timelines vary by school, but you’ll likely spend between eight months and a year working on your IB Extended Essay. So, how will you pull it all off? For these 8-12 months, organization will be your guiding light. We recommend you:

• Get started early. If your essay is due November of your senior year, start generating topic ideas during your junior year right after winter break.
• Create a long-view schedule for yourself. What will you accomplish each month of your process?
• Give yourself deadlines. Once you choose a mentor, suggest 2-3 draft deadline dates so that you will be held accountable throughout the writing process.
• Find a note-taking system that works for you. You’ll be reading many articles and books and it’s hard to keep track of all your sources. Create a document or spreadsheet where you keep track of the sources you’ve found and check them off as you read. As you finish reading a text, type up important quotes and a few notes explaining how it connects to your topic and to your other texts.

5)Write a messy first draft

Writing never comes out perfect the first time, even for New York Times bestselling authors and the most experienced researchers. In your first draft, give yourself permission to get all your thoughts out, no matter how unstructured or rambling they are. Call this your brainstorming draft. When you’re ready to revisit it, see what patterns emerge, what common ideas you can group together, what beginning buds of ideas you can make bloom into full-fledged analysis.

6) Communicate for an audience

When you’re used to producing writing that only your teacher reads, it can be hard to remember to write for an audience. But at the end of the day, writing is communication , and the best writing is clear and thorough communication that anyone could pick up and read. For your IB Extended Essay, you’ll want to remember that many people will be reading your final essay, and not all of them will be experts in the niche topic you choose to study. Ask yourself: how can I explain my research to an audience who doesn’t already agree with my analysis?

To communicate to an audience, you’ll want to:

• Provide lots of general background information on your topic.
• Don’t assume your reader is familiar with your sources. Introduce them as if they’re guest speakers about to walk up to a podium and deliver a lecture.
• After including quotes, facts, and figures, be sure to explain what those sources mean in your own words and how they connect to your bigger-picture argument.
• Don’t assume your arguments are self-evident. In this essay, communicating for an audience means supplying ongoing interpretation and analysis, even if it feels like you’re explaining the obvious. Your reader isn’t on your research journey with you, so your points might not be so obvious to your reader.

Although your IB Extended Essay provides a report that factors into your grade, your essay will also be assessed by external examiners the IB. Per the IB Extended Essay Rubric , essays are graded on a scale from 0 to 34 based on 5 different criteria:

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

As you can see, Critical Thinking is the most significant rubric category. This means that the IB wants to see you arrive at your own unique analysis of your topic, drawing connections between sources and data, and making well-supported arguments. This means they want a lot of you: your ideas, your interpretations, your thoughts. Make sure you emphasize that in your essay, but of course don’t forget the other categories.

The score a student receives corresponds to a letter grade scale that is slightly different than what we’re accustomed to in the U.S. Here’s the letter grade to numerical score breakdown:

You must earn a D or higher to receive your IB Diploma. To learn more about the different criteria included in the IB Extended Essay Rubric, you can explore the IB’s full guide to the Extended Essay .

We hope you found our look at the IB extended essay rubric and IB extended essay topics to be helpful. Ready to dive into research? You may want to read our 10 Expert Tips for Improving Reading Comprehension before you hit the books.

And if you’re a high school student in the process of mapping out your pathway to college, take a look at a few other useful guides:

• IB vs AP—Which Classes are Best for College Admission?
• How to Earn College Credit in High School
• High School Course Requirements for College Admission
• SAT Score Calculator
• ACT Score Calculator 
• High School Success

Christina Wood

Christina Wood holds a BA in Literature & Writing from UC San Diego, an MFA in Creative Writing from Washington University in St. Louis, and is currently a Doctoral Candidate in English at the University of Georgia, where she teaches creative writing and first-year composition courses. Christina has published fiction and nonfiction in numerous publications, including The Paris Review , McSweeney’s , Granta , Virginia Quarterly Review , The Sewanee Review , Mississippi Review , and Puerto del Sol , among others. Her story “The Astronaut” won the 2018 Shirley Jackson Award for short fiction and received a “Distinguished Stories” mention in the 2019 Best American Short Stories anthology.

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How To Write The Extended Essay (With Topics and Examples)

This comprehensive guide navigates through every aspect of the EE, from selecting a topic and developing a research question to conducting in-depth research and writing a compelling essay. It offers practical strategies, insights, and tips to help students craft a piece of work that not only meets the rigorous standards of the IB but also reflects their academic passion and curiosity. Join us as we explore the keys to success in the Extended Essay, preparing you for an intellectually rewarding experience.

Posted: 13th February 2024

Section jump links:

Section 1: Understanding the IB Extended Essay

Section 2: the importance of the extended essay, section 3: selecting a topic, section 4: developing your research question, section 5: research methodology and theoretical frameworks, section 6: evaluating sources and data, section 7: integrating evidence and analysis, section 8: writing and structuring the extended essay, section 9: reflection and the rppf, section 10: the significance of academic discipline in the ee, section 11: good practice in extended essay writing, section 12: managing the extended essay process, section 13: collaboration and feedback, section 14: avoiding plagiarism, section 15: emphasising original thought, section 16: final presentation and viva voce, section 17: beyond the extended essay, what is the ib extended essay.

The International Baccalaureate (IB) Extended Essay (EE) is a cornerstone of the IB Diploma Programme . It’s an independent, self-directed piece of research, culminating in a 4,000-word paper. This project offers students an opportunity to investigate a topic of their own choice, bridging the gap between classwork and the kind of research required at the university level.

Key Objectives and the Role of the EE in the IB Curriculum

The Extended Essay has several key objectives:

• To provide students with the chance to engage in an in-depth study of a question of interest within a chosen subject.
• To develop research, thinking, self-management, and communication skills.
• To introduce students to the excitement and challenges of academic research.

The EE plays a critical role in the IB curriculum by:

• Encouraging intellectual discovery and creativity.
• Facilitating academic growth and personal development through research and writing.
• Preparing students for the rigours of higher education.

Extended Essay Word Count and Requirements

The EE has a maximum word count of 4,000 words. This does not include the abstract, contents page, bibliography, or footnotes (which must be used sparingly). Here are some essential requirements:

• Research Question: Your essay must be focused on a clear, concise research question. You should aim to provide a comprehensive answer to this question through your research and writing.
• Subject : The EE can be written in one of the student’s six chosen subjects for the IB diploma or in a subject recognized by the IB.
• Supervision : Each student is assigned a supervisor (usually a teacher in their school) who provides guidance and support throughout the research and writing process.
• Assessment: The essay is externally assessed by the IB, contributing up to three points towards the total score for the IB diploma, depending on the grade achieved and the performance in the Theory of Knowledge course.

The Extended Essay is not just an academic requirement but a unique opportunity to explore a topic of personal interest in depth. This can be an incredibly rewarding experience, providing valuable skills and insights that will serve you well in your future academic and professional endeavours.

The EE is more than just a requirement for the IB Diploma. It’s an essential part of the IB experience , offering profound benefits for students. Let’s explore why the EE holds such significance.

Academic and Personal Development Benefits

Skill enhancement:.

The EE fosters a range of academic skills crucial for success in higher education and beyond. It teaches students how to:

• Conduct comprehensive research
• Develop a coherent argument
• Write extensively on a subject
• Manage time effectively

Personal Growth:

Beyond academic prowess, the EE encourages personal development. Students learn to:

• Pursue their interests deeply
• Overcome challenges independently
• Reflect on their learning process
• Enhance their curiosity and creativity

Contribution to University Admissions

Standout applications:.

The EE can be a significant advantage in university applications . It demonstrates a student’s ability to undertake serious research projects and commit to an intensive academic task. Universities value this dedication, seeing it as indicative of a student’s readiness for undergraduate studies.

Showcase of Skills:

The EE allows students to showcase their research, writing, and analytical skills. It provides concrete evidence of their academic abilities and their capacity to engage deeply with a topic of interest.

Skill Development: Research, Writing, and Critical Thinking

Research Skills:

Students learn to navigate academic literature, evaluate sources, and gather relevant data. This process sharpens their research skills, laying a solid foundation for future academic endeavours.

Writing Skills:

Crafting a 4,000-word essay challenges students to express their ideas clearly and persuasively. It hones their writing skills, teaching them the art of structured and focused academic writing.

Critical Thinking:

The EE encourages students to analyse information critically, assess arguments, and develop their viewpoints. This critical engagement fosters a sophisticated level of thought, beneficial in both academic and real-world contexts.

In conclusion, the Extended Essay is a pivotal element of the IB Diploma Programme. It’s an invaluable opportunity for intellectual and personal growth, preparing students for the challenges of higher education and beyond. With its emphasis on independent research and writing, the EE equips students with the skills and confidence to navigate their future academic journeys successfully.

Choosing a topic for your Extended Essay is the first step in a journey towards developing a deep understanding of a specific area of interest. It’s crucial to select a topic that is not only academically viable but also personally engaging. Here’s how to navigate this critical phase.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Your EE Topic

Interest and passion:.

Select a topic that fascinates you. Your interest will sustain motivation over the months of research and writing.

Availability of Resources:

Ensure there are enough resources available on your chosen topic. Access to libraries, databases, and experts in the field is essential for comprehensive research.

Scope and Focus:

The topic should be narrow enough to allow for in-depth study yet broad enough to find sufficient research material. Balancing specificity with resource availability is key.

IB Subject Areas:

Your topic must align with one of the subjects you are studying in the IB Diploma Programme or an approved subject area. Familiarity with the subject’s methodology and criteria is crucial for success.

How to Align Your Interests with the IB Subjects

Explore the syllabus:.

Review the syllabus of your IB subjects to identify topics that interest you. This can provide a framework for your EE.

Consult with Teachers:

Teachers can offer insights into feasible topics that align with the IB criteria and offer guidance on how to approach them.

Consider Interdisciplinary Topics:

Some of the most engaging EEs explore the intersection between different subjects. If this interests you, ensure your approach meets the criteria for an interdisciplinary essay under the IB’s World Studies EE option.

Extended Essay Topics: Examples Across Various Disciplines

• Sciences: How does the introduction of non-native plant species affect biodiversity in your local ecosystem?
• History : What was the impact of Winston Churchill’s leadership on Britain’s role in World War II?
• English: How does the use of unreliable narrators influence the reader’s perception in Ian McEwan’s novels?
• Mathematics: Investigating the application of the Fibonacci sequence in predicting stock market movements.
• Visual Arts: Exploring the influence of Japanese art on Claude Monet’s painting style.

Selecting the right topic is foundational to your EE journey. It shapes your research direction, influences your engagement with the essay, and ultimately contributes to the satisfaction and success of your EE experience. Take your time, consult widely, and choose a topic that you are eager to explore in depth.

Crafting a focused and clear research question is a pivotal element of your Extended Essay. This question not only guides your research but also frames your essay’s entire structure. It’s the question to which your essay will provide an answer, and as such, it requires thoughtful consideration and precision.

A well-developed research question should be specific, relevant, and challenging. It should invite analysis, discussion, and the exploration of significant academic literature. Here’s a deeper look into formulating a robust research question for your EE.

Characteristics of a Strong Research Question

The hallmark of a strong research question is its specificity. It shouldn’t be too broad, as this could lead to a superficial treatment of the topic. 

Conversely, a question that’s too narrow might not allow for comprehensive exploration or significant discussion. Finding a balance is key. The question should also be focused on a particular aspect of a subject area, enabling in-depth analysis within the word count limit.

Another important characteristic is the question’s alignment with available resources. Before finalising your question, ensure that you have access to sufficient data and scholarly research to support your investigation. This might involve preliminary searches in academic databases, libraries, or consultation with your supervisor.

Tips for Refining Your Research Question

Start by brainstorming broad topic areas that interest you. Once you’ve identified a general area of interest, begin narrowing down by asking yourself specific questions about the topic. What aspects of this topic are unexplored or underexplored? What specific angle can I take that will make my research unique?

It’s also beneficial to review past EEs or academic journals for inspiration. Seeing how others have structured their research questions can provide valuable insight into crafting your own. However, ensure your question remains original and tailored to your interests.

Examples of Effective Research Questions

To give you an idea of what a well-formulated research question looks like, here are a few examples:

• Biology: How does the concentration of a specific nutrient affect the growth rate of plant species X in a hydroponic setup compared to soil-based growth?
• History: To what extent did the public speeches of Martin Luther King Jr. influence the public’s perception of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States between 1963 and 1968?
• Economics: How significant is the impact of recent economic policies on small businesses in [specific location] during the COVID-19 pandemic?
• English Literature: How does the use of magical realism in Gabriel García Márquez’s ‘One Hundred Years of Solitude’ reflect the political and social issues of post-colonial Latin America?

Developing your research question is an iterative process. It may evolve as you delve deeper into your research. Be open to refining your question based on the information you discover and discussions with your supervisor. A well-crafted research question will not only guide your research effectively but also engage your interest throughout the writing process, leading to a more meaningful and insightful Extended Essay.

A critical component of your Extended Essay is selecting an appropriate research methodology and theoretical framework. These elements are foundational to conducting your research and crafting your argument, influencing how you collect, analyse, and interpret data.

Understanding Research Methodologies

Research methodology refers to the systematic approach you take to investigate your research question. It encompasses the methods and procedures you use to collect and analyse data. Your chosen methodology should align with the nature of your research question and the objectives of your essay.

In the sciences, for example, your methodology might involve experiments, observations, or simulations to gather empirical data. In the humanities, you may lean towards content analysis, comparative analysis, or historical investigation, relying on textual or archival sources.

Selecting the right methodology is crucial. It should provide a clear path to answering your research question, considering the resources available and the scope of your essay. It’s also important to justify your choice of methodology in your essay, explaining why it’s appropriate for your research question and how it will help you achieve your objectives.

Applying Theoretical Frameworks

Theoretical frameworks provide a lens through which your research is conducted and interpreted. They offer a structured way to understand and analyse your findings, grounding your study in existing knowledge and theories.

Choosing a theoretical framework involves identifying relevant theories, models, or concepts that apply to your topic. For instance, if you’re exploring media representation of gender, you might utilise feminist theory as a framework to analyse your findings. In economics, you might apply game theory to understand competitive behaviours in a market.

The framework should guide your analysis, providing a coherent basis for interpreting your data. It helps to structure your argument, offering a deeper insight into the significance of your findings within the broader academic discourse.

Integrating Methodology and Frameworks into Your Research

Successfully integrating your chosen methodology and theoretical framework involves a few key steps:

• Clarify the Scope: Ensure your research question, methodology, and theoretical framework align in scope and focus. They should work together seamlessly to guide your research.
• Justify Your Choices: Explain the rationale behind your chosen methodology and framework. Discuss why they are suitable for your research question and how they will support your investigation.
• Apply Consistently: Use your methodology and framework consistently throughout your research and analysis. This consistency strengthens the coherence and academic rigour of your essay.

Reflecting on these components during the planning stage can enhance the quality of your research and the clarity of your argument. Your methodology and theoretical framework are not just academic requirements; they’re tools that shape the direction and depth of your inquiry, enabling a more structured and insightful exploration of your topic.

In the journey of crafting an Extended Essay (EE), the ability to critically evaluate sources and data stands as a fundamental skill. This evaluation is crucial in establishing the credibility and reliability of the information that forms the backbone of your research. Understanding how to discern the quality and relevance of your sources ensures that your EE is built on a solid foundation of trustworthy information.

Criteria for Selecting Credible and Relevant Sources

Authority: Consider the source’s authorship. Look for works by experts in the field, academic institutions, or reputable organisations. The author’s qualifications and affiliations can significantly impact the reliability of the information.

Accuracy: The information should be supported by evidence, referenced appropriately, and free from factual errors. Reliable sources often undergo a peer-review process, ensuring that the content is scrutinised and validated by other experts in the field.

Currency: The relevance of information can diminish over time, especially in fields that evolve rapidly, such as science and technology. Ensure that the sources you use are up-to-date, reflecting the latest research and developments.

Purpose: Understand the purpose behind the information. Is it to inform, persuade, entertain, or sell? Recognising the intent can help you assess potential biases, which is particularly important when dealing with controversial topics.

Techniques for Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of Data

Cross-Verification: Cross-check information across multiple sources to verify its accuracy and reliability. Consistency among various sources can be a good indicator of the information’s validity.

Statistical Analysis: When dealing with numerical data, consider its statistical significance and the methodology used in its collection. Reliable data should be gathered using sound scientific methods and accurately represent the population or phenomena studied.

Source Evaluation Tools: Utilise tools and checklists designed to evaluate the credibility of sources. These can provide a structured approach to assessing the quality of your research materials.

Incorporating Primary vs. Secondary Sources Effectively

Primary Sources: These are firsthand accounts or direct evidence concerning the topic you’re researching. They include interviews, surveys, experiments, and historical documents. Primary sources offer original insights and data, allowing for a deeper and more personal engagement with your subject.

Secondary Sources: These sources analyse, interpret, or summarise information from primary sources. They include textbooks, articles, and reviews. Secondary sources can provide context, background, and a broader perspective on your topic.

Balancing primary and secondary sources enriches your research, providing both the raw data and the interpretations that help frame your analysis. By rigorously evaluating sources and data, you ensure that your Extended Essay rests on a foundation of credible and relevant information, enhancing the depth and rigour of your investigation.

The heart of a compelling Extended Essay (EE) lies in the seamless integration of evidence and analysis. This integration not only supports and substantiates your arguments but also demonstrates your ability to critically engage with your research topic. Here’s how to weave evidence and analysis together in a way that enhances the strength and persuasiveness of your EE.

Strategies for Integrating Evidence Seamlessly into Your Argument

Directly Link Evidence to Your Thesis: Every piece of evidence you include should directly support or relate to your thesis statement. This ensures that all the information contributes to building your argument coherently.

Use Evidence to Illustrate Points: Utilise examples, data, quotes, and case studies as concrete evidence to illustrate your points. This makes abstract concepts more tangible and convincing to the reader.

Analyse, Don’t Just Present: For every piece of evidence, provide analysis and interpretation. Explain how it supports your argument, what it demonstrates, and its implications for your research question.

Balancing Descriptive and Analytical Writing

Avoid Over-Description: While some description is necessary to set the context, avoid dedicating too much space to merely describing your evidence. The focus should be on analysis.

Develop a Critical Voice: Cultivate a critical approach to your evidence. This means evaluating its reliability, considering its limitations, and discussing its relevance to your argument.

Synthesise Information: Aim to synthesise evidence from multiple sources to support your points. This demonstrates comprehensive understanding and the ability to draw connections across your research.

How to Critically Analyse Sources and Data Within Your Essay

Question the Source: Consider the source’s origin, purpose, and potential bias. How might these factors influence the information presented?

Evaluate Methodology: If the evidence comes from a study or experiment, evaluate the methodology used. Is it sound and appropriate for the research question?

Consider the Broader Context: Place your evidence within the broader scholarly conversation on your topic. How does it fit with, challenge, or expand existing knowledge?

By thoughtfully integrating evidence and providing in-depth analysis, you can create a nuanced and compelling EE that goes beyond mere description to offer original insights into your topic. This approach not only strengthens your argument but also showcases your critical thinking and analytical skills, essential qualities for success in the IB Diploma Programme and beyond.

The Extended Essay presents an opportunity for IB students to engage deeply with a topic of their choice. However, to effectively communicate your research and insights, your essay must be well-structured and clearly written. 

This section provides guidance on how to write and structure your EE, ensuring your work is coherent, persuasive, and academically rigorous.

Outline of the Extended Essay Structure

A well-organised structure is crucial for the readability and coherence of your EE. Typically, an Extended Essay includes the following components:

• Title Page: Displays the essay title, research question, subject the essay is registered in, and word count.
• Abstract: A concise summary of the essay, including the research question, methodology, results, and conclusion (Note: For essays submitted in 2018 and forward, the IB no longer requires an abstract, so check the most current guidelines).
• Contents Page: Lists the sections and subsections of your essay with page numbers.
• Introduction: Introduces the research question and your essay’s purpose, outlining the scope of the investigation.
• Body : The main section of your essay, divided into clearly titled subsections, each addressing specific aspects of the research question. It’s where you present your argument, supported by evidence.
• Conclusion: Summarises the findings, discusses the implications, and reflects on the research’s limitations and potential areas for further study.
• References/Bibliography: Lists all sources used in the essay in a consistent format, following the chosen citation style.
• Appendices: (If necessary) Contains supplementary material that is relevant to the research but not essential to its explanation.

Detailed Breakdown of Each Section

Introduction:

The introduction sets the stage for your research. It should clearly state your research question and explain the significance of the topic. Briefly outline the theoretical framework and methodology, and provide an overview of the essay’s structure.

The body is the heart of your essay. It should be logically organised to build your argument step by step. Each paragraph should start with a clear topic sentence, followed by evidence and analysis. Use subheadings to divide the sections thematically or methodologically, ensuring each part contributes to answering the research question.

• Developing Arguments: Present and critique different perspectives, systematically leading the reader through your analytical process.
• Using Evidence: Incorporate relevant data, quotes, and examples to support your arguments. Ensure all sources are appropriately cited.
• Analysis and Discussion: Go beyond describing your findings; analyse and interpret them in the context of your research question and theoretical framework.
• Conclusion: The conclusion should not introduce new information. Instead, it should synthesise your findings, highlighting how they contribute to understanding the research question. Reflect on the research process, acknowledging any limitations and suggesting areas for further investigation.

Importance of Coherence and Logical Flow

Maintaining coherence and a logical flow throughout your EE is essential. Transition sentences between paragraphs and sections can help link ideas smoothly, guiding the reader through your argument. A coherent structure ensures that your essay is accessible and persuasive, making a strong impression on the reader.

A well-written and structured EE is a testament to your understanding of the research process and your ability to communicate complex ideas effectively. By adhering to a clear structure and focusing on coherence and logical progression, you can craft an essay that is engaging, insightful, and academically rigorous.

A unique and integral component of the IB Extended Essay (EE) process is the Reflections on Planning and Progress Form (RPPF). The RPPF serves as a personal and academic exploration tool, guiding students through the planning, research, and writing phases of their EE. It encourages students to reflect on their learning journey, documenting insights gained, challenges encountered, and the evolution of their thinking.

The Role of Reflection in the EE Process

Reflection is at the heart of the EE, enabling students to engage critically with their own learning processes. It helps in:

• Self-Assessment: Encouraging students to consider their strengths and areas for improvement.
• Skill Development: Facilitating a deeper understanding of the research and writing skills developed during the EE process.
• Critical Thinking: Promoting an evaluative approach to the research process, allowing students to make informed decisions about their methodologies, sources, and arguments.

How to Effectively Complete the RPPF

Completing the RPPF involves three formal reflection sessions, which are crucial milestones in the EE journey:

• Initial Reflection: Focuses on the selection of the topic and formulation of the research question. Students should discuss their motivations, initial ideas, and anticipated challenges.
• Interim Reflection: Occurs midway through the process. Students reflect on the progress made, adjustments to their research plan, and any challenges they’ve faced. It’s an opportunity to reassess the direction of the EE and make necessary modifications.
• Final Reflection: After completing the EE, students reflect on their overall experience, the skills they’ve developed, and the knowledge they’ve gained. This reflection should also consider the impact of the research process on their personal and academic growth.

In each reflection, students should be honest and critical, providing insights into their learning journey. The reflections are not just about documenting successes but also about understanding the learning process, including setbacks and how they were overcome.

Examples of Reflective Questions and Insightful Responses

Initial reflection:.

Question: “What excites me about my chosen topic?”

Insightful Response: Discuss the personal or academic interest in the topic, any prior knowledge, and what you hope to discover through your research.

Interim Reflection:

Question: “What challenges have I encountered in my research, and how have I addressed them?”

Insightful Response: Describe specific obstacles, such as difficulty accessing resources or refining the research question, and the strategies employed to overcome them.

Final Reflection:

Question: “How has my understanding of the topic evolved through the research process?”

Insightful Response: Reflect on how the research challenged or confirmed initial assumptions and what was learned about the topic and the research process itself.

The RPPF is not just a formal requirement but a valuable component of the EE that enriches the student’s learning experience. By fostering reflection, the RPPF helps students to articulate their journey, offering insights into the complexities of research and the personal growth that accompanies the creation of an extended academic work.

The Extended Essay allows students to explore a topic of interest within the framework of an IB subject. The choice of academic discipline not only shapes the content and focus of the essay but also influences the methodologies and theoretical frameworks that students may employ. Understanding and adhering to the conventions and requirements of the chosen discipline is crucial for the success of the EE.

Adhering to Disciplinary Conventions and Guidelines

Each academic discipline has its own set of conventions regarding research methodologies, writing styles, and citation formats. For example, a science EE might require empirical research and quantitative analysis, whereas an essay in the humanities might focus on qualitative analysis and critical interpretation of texts.

Key considerations include:

• Methodology: The choice of methodology should align with disciplinary norms. Science EEs might involve experiments, whereas essays in history might rely on primary source analysis.
• Structure: While the basic structure of the EE remains consistent across subjects, the presentation of arguments and evidence might vary. Essays in the arts and humanities might follow a thematic structure, while those in the sciences might be organised around experimental findings.
• Citation Style: Different disciplines prefer specific citation styles. For instance, APA might be favoured in psychology, while MLA is commonly used in literature essays. Adhering to the appropriate style is crucial for academic integrity.

How Different Disciplines Influence the Approach to Research and Writing

The academic discipline not only dictates the formal aspects of the EE but also influences the approach to research and writing. For instance, an EE in Visual Arts would require a different analytical lens compared to an EE in Economics. The former might analyse the impact of cultural contexts on artistic expressions, while the latter could evaluate economic theories through case studies.

Disciplinary perspectives also affect:

• Argumentation : The way arguments are constructed and evidenced can differ. In the sciences, arguments are often built around data and logical reasoning, while in the humanities, they might be more interpretative, drawing on various theoretical perspectives.
• Critical Engagement: The extent and nature of critical engagement with sources can vary. In subjects like History or English, a critical analysis of diverse interpretations is fundamental, whereas in the Sciences, the focus might be on empirical evidence and hypothesis testing.

Examples of Disciplinary Perspectives in Extended Essay Examples

• Biology EE: An investigation into the effects of environmental changes on local biodiversity, employing scientific methods for data collection and analysis.
• Economics EE: An analysis of the impact of a specific economic policy on a local economy, using economic theories and models to interpret data.
• English Literature EE: A comparative study of the theme of alienation in two novels, using literary theories to explore the authors’ narrative techniques.

Understanding the significance of academic discipline in the EE ensures that students approach their research with the appropriate methodologies and analytical frameworks. It encourages respect for the depth and breadth of the subject area, contributing to a more nuanced and informed exploration of the chosen topic.

Writing an Extended Essay involves more than just conducting research and presenting findings; it requires careful planning, effective engagement with your supervisor, and a critical approach to your sources. Here are some best practices to help you navigate the EE writing process successfully.

Time Management and Planning

Time management is crucial in the EE process. The project spans several months, so it’s essential to break down the work into manageable stages. Create a timeline early in the process, including key milestones such as completing the research, drafting sections, and finalising the essay. Allocate time for unexpected challenges and ensure you have buffer periods for revision and feedback.

Planning Tips:

• Set Goals: Establish clear, achievable goals for each phase of your EE journey.
• Use Tools: Leverage planning tools or software to organise your tasks and deadlines.
• Regular Reviews: Periodically review your progress against your plan and adjust as necessary.

Engaging with Supervisors Effectively:Your supervisor is a valuable resource throughout the EE process. They can provide guidance on your research question, methodology, and essay structure, as well as feedback on your drafts.

Maximising Supervisor Engagement:

• Prepare for Meetings: Come to each meeting with specific questions or sections of your essay you want feedback on.
• Be Open to Feedback: Constructive criticism is essential for improvement. Listen to your supervisor’s suggestions and consider how to incorporate them into your work.
• Communicate Regularly: Keep your supervisor informed of your progress and any challenges you encounter.

Critical Engagement with Sources

A critical approach to the sources you use is fundamental to a high-quality EE. Evaluate the reliability, relevance, and bias of your sources to ensure your essay is grounded in credible evidence.

Strategies for Source Evaluation:

• Source Variety: Use a range of sources, including academic journals, books, and reputable online resources, to provide a balanced perspective on your topic.
• Critical Analysis : Don’t just summarise sources. Analyse their arguments, identify limitations, and consider how they contribute to your research question.
• Citation and Paraphrasing: Accurately cite all sources to avoid plagiarism. When paraphrasing, ensure you’re genuinely rephrasing ideas in your own words while still crediting the original author.

Good practice in EE writing is not just about adhering to academic standards; it’s about engaging deeply with your topic, embracing the research process, and developing skills that will serve you well in your academic and professional future. By managing your time effectively, leveraging the support of your supervisor, and critically engaging with sources, you can craft an EE that is not only academically rigorous but also personally rewarding.

Successfully navigating the Extended Essay process requires more than just academic skill; it demands effective project management. This encompasses planning, organising, and executing your EE from initial conception to final submission. Here are strategies to help you manage the EE process, ensuring a smooth journey and a rewarding outcome.

Planning and Time Management Strategies Specific to the EE

Develop a Detailed Plan: Start by breaking down the EE process into stages: topic selection, research, drafting, and revising. Assign deadlines to each stage based on the final submission date, allowing extra time for unforeseen delays.

Use a Calendar or Planner: Keep track of deadlines, meetings with your supervisor, and other important dates. Digital tools can be particularly useful, offering reminders and helping you stay organised.

Set Regular Milestones: Milestones offer checkpoints to assess your progress. These could be completing the research phase, finishing a first draft, or finalising your citations. Celebrate these achievements to stay motivated.

Milestones and Checklists to Keep You on Track

Create Checklists: For each phase of the EE process, develop a checklist of tasks. This could include conducting initial research, writing specific sections of the essay, or completing rounds of revision.

Regular Progress Reviews: Schedule weekly or bi-weekly reviews of your progress against your plan. Adjust your plan as needed based on these reviews.

Stay Flexible: Be prepared to adapt your plan. Research might take longer than expected, or you might decide to change your focus slightly after discussing with your supervisor.

Dealing with Challenges and Setbacks During the EE Journey

Anticipate Potential Issues: Think ahead about what might go wrong and how you would address it. Having contingency plans can reduce stress and keep you on track.

Seek Support When Needed: Don’t hesitate to reach out to your supervisor, peers, or other mentors if you encounter obstacles. They can offer advice, support, and perspective.

Maintain a Positive Attitude: Challenges are part of the learning process. View setbacks as opportunities to improve your problem-solving and resilience skills.

Managing the EE process effectively is about more than just completing a requirement for the IB Diploma; it’s an exercise in self-management and personal growth. By carefully planning your work, setting and celebrating milestones, and being prepared to tackle challenges, you can navigate the EE process with confidence and achieve a result that reflects your hard work and dedication.

Mastering the art of collaboration and effectively incorporating feedback are pivotal aspects of crafting a high-calibre Extended Essay (EE). These processes enrich your work, offering new perspectives and insights that can significantly enhance the depth and quality of your research and writing. Let’s delve into how to navigate these collaborative interactions and integrate feedback productively.

Effective Collaboration with Your Supervisor

Your supervisor is a key ally in your EE journey, providing guidance, support, and expert insight into your chosen topic. Building a productive relationship with your supervisor involves clear communication, active engagement, and receptiveness to their advice.

• Prepare for Meetings: Maximise the value of your meetings by preparing questions and topics for discussion. This shows initiative and helps you focus on areas where you need the most guidance.
• Be Open to Suggestions: Your supervisor brings a wealth of experience and knowledge. Being open to their suggestions can unlock new avenues of inquiry and refine your research focus.
• Follow Up: After meetings, review the guidance provided and take action. Following up on suggestions and demonstrating progress is key to a fruitful collaboration.

Incorporating Feedback Constructively

Feedback is a gift, offering you fresh eyes on your work and highlighting areas for improvement. Whether it comes from your supervisor, peers, or other mentors, constructive feedback is instrumental in elevating the quality of your EE.

• Critically Evaluate Feedback: Not all feedback will be equally applicable or helpful. Assess suggestions critically and decide which ones align with your research goals and vision for your EE.
• Implement Changes Thoughtfully: When integrating feedback, do so thoughtfully and systematically. Consider how each piece of advice enhances your argument or strengthens your analysis.
• Maintain Your Own Voice: While it’s important to consider feedback, your EE should ultimately reflect your ideas, analysis, and voice. Balance the input from others with your own scholarly insights.

Balancing Independent Research with Guidance

Navigating the balance between independent research and the guidance received is a delicate aspect of the EE process. While the EE is your project, drawing on the expertise and feedback of others can significantly enhance its depth and scope.

• Value Independence: Embrace the opportunity to conduct independent research, making your EE a true reflection of your interests and intellectual curiosity.
• Seek Guidance Wisely: Utilise your supervisor and other resources judiciously. They can provide clarity, offer new perspectives, and help you navigate complex aspects of your research.
• Synthesise Input: Integrate the guidance and feedback you receive in a way that complements your research, ensuring that your EE remains a coherent and cohesive piece of scholarly work.

The interplay between collaboration, feedback, and independent research is central to the EE process. By engaging effectively with your supervisor, thoughtfully incorporating feedback, and maintaining a balance between guidance and your own scholarly pursuits, you can craft an EE that is not only academically rigorous but also a true testament to your growth as a learner.

Plagiarism is a critical concern in academic writing, including the Extended Essay. It involves using someone else’s work without proper acknowledgment, which can compromise the integrity of your essay and result in severe penalties. Understanding what constitutes plagiarism and how to avoid it is essential for maintaining academic honesty and ensuring the credibility of your research.

Understanding What Constitutes Plagiarism

Plagiarism can take many forms, from directly copying text without quotation marks to paraphrasing someone else’s ideas without proper citation. It also includes using images, charts, or data without acknowledging the source. Even unintentional plagiarism, where sources are not deliberately misrepresented but are inadequately cited, can have serious consequences.

How to Properly Cite Sources and Paraphrase

Citing Sources : Every time you use someone else’s words, ideas, or data, you must cite the source. This not only includes quotes and paraphrases but also data, images, and charts. Familiarise yourself with the citation style recommended for your subject area, whether it be APA, MLA, Chicago, or another, and apply it consistently throughout your essay.

Paraphrasing: Paraphrasing involves rewording someone else’s ideas in your own words. It’s essential to do more than just change a few words around; you need to completely rewrite the concept, ensuring you still cite the original source. Good paraphrasing demonstrates your understanding of the material and integrates it seamlessly into your argument.

Using Plagiarism Detection Tools

Many schools and students use plagiarism detection tools to check the originality of their work before submission. These tools compare your essay against a vast database of published material and other student submissions to identify any matches. Utilising these tools can help you identify areas of your essay that need better paraphrasing or citation.

Avoiding plagiarism in the EE involves diligent research, careful writing, and thorough citation. It’s about respecting the intellectual property of others while demonstrating your own understanding and analysis of the topic. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your EE is both original and academically honest, reflecting the hard work and integrity that define the IB learner profile.

In the Extended Essay, showcasing original thought is not just encouraged; it’s a cornerstone of what makes an EE stand out. Originality in this context means more than just avoiding plagiarism; it involves presenting unique perspectives, developing novel arguments, or exploring new areas within a subject. Here’s how you can emphasise original thought in your EE.

The Value of Originality and Creativity

Originality and creativity in the EE demonstrate your ability to think independently and engage critically with your subject. It shows that you’re not just capable of summarising existing knowledge but also contributing to the conversation in your discipline. This level of engagement is what the IB looks for in assessing the EE, as it reflects a deeper understanding and application of the subject matter.

Balancing Academic Rigour with Personal Voice and Analysis

While it’s important to ground your EE in academic research and follow disciplinary conventions, finding a balance with your personal voice and analysis is key to originality. Here are ways to achieve this balance:

• Personal Insight : Inject your essay with your insights, interpretations, and conclusions based on the research. This personal engagement with the topic distinguishes your EE from a mere literature review.
• Critical Analysis: Go beyond describing what others have said. Critique the arguments, identify gaps in the research, and propose new ways of understanding the subject.
• Innovative Approach: Consider addressing less explored aspects of your topic or applying theories and methodologies from other disciplines to bring fresh perspectives.

Strategies for Developing and Showcasing Original Thought

Question Assumptions: Start by questioning the prevailing assumptions or widely held beliefs in your subject area. This critical stance can open up avenues for original analysis.

Interdisciplinary Connections: Drawing connections between different disciplines can reveal new insights and approaches that enrich your essay.

Reflect on Your Learning: Use the insights gained from your coursework and personal interests to inform your approach. Often, your unique educational and life experiences can inspire original perspectives.

Emphasising original thought in your EE is about striking a balance between demonstrating your mastery of the subject and pushing beyond the boundaries of existing knowledge. It involves a blend of thorough research, critical thinking, and creative engagement with the topic. By fostering a unique perspective and injecting your personal voice into your analysis, you can create an EE that is not only academically rigorous but also distinctly yours, leaving a lasting impression on your readers.

The culmination of the Extended Essay process includes the final presentation and the Viva Voce, a concluding interview between the student and their supervisor. These components serve not only as a summation of your EE journey but also as an opportunity to reflect on your learning and the skills you’ve developed. Understanding the significance and how to prepare for these elements is crucial for a successful EE completion.

Preparing for the Final Presentation

The final presentation is an opportunity to share the highlights of your EE journey, including your research question, methodology, key findings, and any challenges you overcame. It’s a moment to showcase the depth of your research and the personal growth you experienced throughout the process.

Key Elements to Include:

• Overview of Your Research: Briefly summarise your research question and why you chose it, highlighting your methodology and the scope of your investigation.
• Significant Findings: Share the key insights and discoveries you made during your research. This is a chance to underscore the original contributions of your EE.
• Challenges and Solutions : Discuss any significant obstacles you faced and how you addressed them. Reflecting on these challenges shows your problem-solving skills and resilience.
• Reflections on the Process: Share what you’ve learned about yourself as a learner, the skills you’ve developed, and how the EE has impacted your academic and personal growth.

Tips for a Successful Viva Voce

The Viva Voce is a short interview with your supervisor after you’ve submitted your EE. It’s an integral part of the reflection process, allowing you to discuss the successes and challenges of your research journey.

To Prepare for the Viva Voce:

• Review Your EE: Be familiar with your essay’s content, as you’ll discuss your work in detail. Be ready to explain your research decisions and reflect on your learning process.
• Anticipate Questions: Your supervisor might ask about how you selected your topic, the development of your research question, your approach to research and writing, and the skills you’ve developed.
• Reflect on Your Learning: Think about the entire EE process, including what you learned, how you’ve grown, and how the experience might influence your future academic or career goals.

How the Viva Voce Contributes to Your Overall EE Assessment

While the Viva Voce doesn’t directly affect your EE grade, it plays a crucial role in the holistic assessment of your IB Diploma. It demonstrates the authenticity of your work and your engagement with the EE process, providing insights into your approach, dedication, and intellectual growth.

The final presentation and Viva Voce are essential milestones that mark the completion of your EE journey. They offer a platform to reflect on the challenges you’ve navigated, the knowledge you’ve gained, and the skills you’ve honed. Preparing thoroughly for these elements ensures you can confidently articulate your research journey, showcasing the depth of your inquiry and your development as an IB learner.

The journey through the Extended Essay is more than an academic exercise; it’s a transformative experience that equips IB Diploma students with skills and insights that extend far beyond the programme.

Reflecting on how the EE prepares you for future academic and professional endeavours can highlight the lasting value of this rigorous project.

How the Skills Developed During the EE Can Benefit You in Future Academic and Professional Endeavours

Research and Analytical Skills: The EE demands a high level of research and analysis, teaching students how to gather, assess, and interpret data. These skills are invaluable in higher education and many professional fields, where evidence-based decision-making is crucial.

Critical Thinking: Crafting an EE requires students to evaluate sources critically, consider multiple perspectives, and develop well-reasoned arguments. This ability to think critically is highly sought after in both academia and the workplace.

Project Management: Completing an EE involves planning, organisation, time management, and problem-solving. Managing such a long-term project successfully can boost your confidence in handling complex tasks and projects in the future.

Communication: Writing the EE enhances your ability to communicate complex ideas clearly and effectively, a skill that is essential in any professional setting. Additionally, the final presentation and Viva Voce develop your verbal communication and presentation skills.

Examples of How the EE Has Helped Alumni in Their Post-IB Journeys

Many IB alumni attribute their success in university and their careers to the foundation laid by their EE experience. For instance, alumni often report that the EE made the transition to university-level research and writing much smoother. Others have found that the skills developed through the EE, such as critical thinking and project management, have set them apart in job interviews and workplace projects.

Encouragement to View the EE as a Stepping Stone to Lifelong Learning

The EE is not just a requirement for the IB Diploma; it’s an introduction to a lifelong journey of inquiry and discovery. It encourages a mindset of curiosity and a habit of continuous learning that can enrich both your personal and professional life. Viewing the EE through this lens can transform it from a daunting task into an exciting opportunity to explore your passions and develop essential skills for the future.

The Extended Essay is a hallmark of the IB Diploma Programme, embodying the essence of inquiry, critical thinking, and scholarly engagement. From selecting a topic and formulating a research question to conducting in-depth research and presenting findings, the EE challenges students to transcend the boundaries of traditional learning, fostering skills and insights that extend far beyond the confines of the classroom.

This comprehensive guide has navigated the critical aspects of the EE process, offering strategies for managing time, engaging with supervisors, and ensuring academic integrity. It has underscored the importance of original thought, the role of academic discipline, and the value of reflection, aiming to equip students with the tools they need to succeed in this rigorous academic endeavour.

The Extended Essay is a testament to your dedication, intellectual curiosity, and academic prowess. Embrace this opportunity to shine, to explore, and to make your mark on the world of knowledge.

How can we help?

Extended Essay (IB): Choosing a subject and topic

• The Inquiry Process
• EE Seminar 1
• EE Seminar 2
• IT Workshop 1
• EE Investigation Days
• EE Writing Days
• Choosing a subject and topic
• Developing a line of inquiry
• Finding and selecting sources
• Working with ideas
• Expressing your ideas
• Using ManageBac
• Supervisor resources
• Who can help?

For your EE you have the freedom to focus on almost any topic and you will write your own question to answer.  However, your topic must fit into a single DP subject (unless you choose to write an interdisciplinary essay, such as a World Studies EE that covers a topic “of contemporary global significance” and is likely to encompass two subject areas).

Given the academic challenge and level expected of an EE, you are strongly advised to choose a subject that you are currently studying, preferably at Higher Level.

Introduction to the Extended Essay

What is the Extended Essay?

• Compulsory element of the core, along with TOK and CAS
• Inquiry-based research project resulting in an essay of up to 4,000 words
• Topic of your choice, but must be based in a DP subject * and meet subject-specific requirements
• You are strongly encouraged to do your essay in one of your HL subjects

*It is possible, under certain circumstances, to combine two subjects and do a World Studies essay but we do not currently recommend this.

What do I need to do?

This guide is just to get your thinking started.

You are going to be spending nine months on your Extended Essay - it is very important to choose a topic that actually interests you, or it is going to be a very long nine months...

Good preparation is much more effective for finding inspiration than last minute panic!

CALVIN AND HOBBES © Watterson. Reprinted with permission of ANDREWS MCMEEL SYNDICATION.  All rights reserved.

How do I choose a subject?

• Think about your interests outside the classroom then check whether they might fit into any IB subject areas.
• Think about your IB subjects, particularly your HL subjects. Which would (and wouldn't) you enjoy exploring in more depth?
• Make a list of the topics (for one or more different subject areas) that you have enjoyed in that subject area and a list of topics you haven’t covered but wish you had. You might want to chat to your teachers or have a look in your textbooks.
• Think about any career aspirations you might have, or any ideas for further study, and they could point you in a direction.

Now have a look at the Subject Group Overviews , below, to see what an EE in that group might involve. It is worth comparing a couple of different subject groups.

Subject Group Overviews

• Group 1: Studies in language and literature
• Group 2: Language acquisition (incl. Classical Languages)
• Group 3: Individuals and societies
• Group 4: Experimental sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts
• Interdisciplinary essays

• Category 1 Studies of one or more literary works originally written in the language in which the essay is presented.
• Category 2 Studies of a literary work or works originally written in the language of the essay compared with one or more literary works originally written in another language. (The work originally written in another language may be studied in translation.)
• Category 3 Studies in language based on one or more texts originally produced in the language in which the essay is presented.

Students and teachers must indicate at the point of upload which category of essay they are submitting."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Studies in language and literature

Students working on a language acquisition EE must demonstrate an in-depth understanding of the language, culture and society or literature studied. This understanding must be shown in the form of:

• an analysis of a cultural context or a specific text OR
• an analysis of trends in the culture studied and the impact of a cultural change on the form or use of the language OR
• an analysis and comparison of literary texts.

For those undertaking a classical Greek or Latin EE, the focus is on demonstrating an understanding of a relevant or significant aspect of the language, literature and civilization of ancient Greece or Rome."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Language acquisition including classical languages

Note that you may not do your EE in a language you are studying at ab initio level .

The individuals and societies EE is intended to encourage the systematic and critical study of:

• human experience and behaviour
• physical, economic and social environments
• the history and development of social and cultural institutions.

Students’ choice of topic should enable them to recognize that the content and methodologies of the subjects are contestable and that their study requires critical thinking.

Students must have sufficient grounding in the subject under which they submit their essay: reading a textbook or consulting an encyclopedia while writing the EE will not compensate for a lack of proper background knowledge."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Individuals and societies

Note: The IB considers Environmental Systems and Societies EEs to be interdisciplinary, so materials for these can be found under the Interdisciplinary essays tab, above.

"An extended essay (EE) in the sciences gives students an opportunity to apply a range of skills while researching a topic of personal interest in the field. Students working on a science EE must demonstrate an in-depth analysis of the subject matter studied, be it biology, chemistry, computer science, design technology, physics or sports, exercise and health science. This understanding must be shown in the form of a research paper involving a wellformulated research question. Students should be advised that while there is overlap between the subjects, their study should reflect one specific science area. For example:

• biology—dealing with living organisms and life processes
• chemistry—dealing with the composition, characterization and transformation of substances

...The nature of the topic under investigation should be different for each subject area and students should be careful if they undertake essays that may blur the boundaries between two science subjects. For example, when studying the pH of a body of water, students may investigate the chemicals responsible for the observed pH (chemistry), or the effect of the pH on the biota (biology)."

From: IBO (2020) The Sciences: an introduction from Extended Essay: The sciences

• the applicability of mathematics to solve both real and abstract problems
• the beauty of mathematics, as in, for instance, geometry or fractal theory
• the elegance of mathematics in the proving of theorems as in, for example, number theory
• the origin and subsequent development of a branch of mathematics over a period of time, measured in tens, hundreds or thousands of years
• the links between different branches of mathematics, or the way that branch of mathematics has been born, or has flourished, as a result of technology.

Students should be advised on the importance of formulating logical and coherent reasons for selecting a particular topic for the EE, the need to identify a well-thought-out research question and the requirement to search for the mathematical problems that require a solution. Students must be advised that mathematical research is a long-term and open-ended exploration of a set of related mathematical problems that are based on personal observations. The answers to these problems connect to and build upon each other over time."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Mathematics

• a coherent analysis and interpretation of their chosen area in relation to a posed research question
• the testing and validation of the research and consideration of its effect on the practice of the investigated area of the arts
• development and exploration in a disciplined and imaginative way of an area of study specifically appropriate to the curriculum area chosen
• a link to a practical dimension.

Each subject area poses its own unique set of challenges. Therefore, the approach to the topic of investigation should reflect the particular methodology most appropriate to the arts subject being studied. Students should have logical and coherent reasons for selecting a particular topic for their essay, a well-thought out research question and an approach that allows them to develop a reasoned argument.

...While there may be overlap between the subjects in the arts and common approaches, the research topic must clearly relate to one specific arts area. If a student chooses a research area that blurs the boundaries between two arts subjects, they must ensure that their essay’s emphasis clearly lies within the arts subject for which they are submitting it. Crucially, the topic selected should reflect each student’s particular interest and enthusiasm within that subject area."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: The arts

For example, in literature and performance, students focus on the nature of the relationships that occur between a chosen text and its adaptation for performance; in world studies an issue of contemporary global significance is explored through the lenses of two subjects ; and in environmental systems and societies the interaction and integration of natural environmental systems and human societies are explored

Students undertaking one of these options must demonstrate a solid understanding of their area of research, taking a fully integrated approach. This examination must be shown in the form of:

• a coherently written and structured essay that effectively addresses an area of research, taking an interdisciplinary approach
• bringing together concepts, methods and approaches from across different subjects
• the development and exploration of an area of study specifically appropriate to the interdisciplinary choice

The most critical stage in preparing for the EE is the formulation of a logical and coherent rationale for selecting a particular topic for the extended essay, a topic that offers enough scope to provide material for a substantial essay , and the development of ideas around the topic and research question that examine existing views and argue against them."

From: IBO (2020) Interdisciplinary essays: an introduction from Extended Essay: Interdisciplinary essays

We do not recommend undertaking an EE in World Studies. If you choose to do so anyway, make sure that you consider very carefully whether your topic would fit the requirements of a single subject discipline instead. It can be challenging to juggle the requirements of two different subjects while undertaking a piece of academic research like this for the first time, particularly if you do not currently study one or both of the subjects.

Note that the Treatment of the Topic section of the Subject Guide for World Studies says that:

"It is expected that students will have a good grounding in at least one of the Diploma Programme subjects used in the EE.

If they are unfamiliar with a discipline used, they must access its syllabus so that they can identify the concepts, terminology and modes of thinking required for their EE. (Many IB syllabuses contain lists of key concepts.)"

This means that whether or not you are currently studying either or both of the subject areas your World Studies EE is based in  you will need to use DP Level concepts, terminology and modes of thinking appropriate to both subject areas.

Subject Specific Guidance

Use the links below to explore the Subject-Specific Guidance for your chosen subject. Note that it is very important to use the side navigation menu to make sure you have read ALL the relevant guidance (see example for Biology, below).

You MUST read the subject-specific guidance before completing your Supervisor Application Form, and reread it before completing your Research Proposal Log. You might find it helpful to take notes using the Using the Subject-Specific Guidelines table.

Electronic versions of these can be found at the top right hand side of this page (follow links). If you wish to submit your handwritten version to ManageBac, you may upload a (legible!) photograph.

Ethical guidelines

You must address the IB ethical guidelines in your Research Proposal and follow them throughout the EE process. Some Subject Guides will contain specific ethical guidelines for that subject, but here are some general guides you might need to refer to:

Extended essays from previous years

Past essays

It can be really useful at this stage to look at essays from previous Oakham students, to see what kinds of topics they investigated and what their final essays looked like. These are upstairs in the library and can be looked at while you are here.

Please remember:

• These are all the essays from past Oakhamians and they were awarded a range of grades (which are recorded on the contents pages). They are not a set of examples of 'good' essays or even 'good' titles.
• There have been several rule changes in the past, most notably in 2018, so make sure you are aware of the current rules.

You may take photographs of individual pages (such as the contents pages). You may not photograph or photocopy whole essays.

How do I choose a topic?

Go back to your brainstormed list of topics from the first session:

• Eliminate any that you don’t really want to write about and focus on the rest.
• Use the ideas on the mind map below to examine these topics and decide which might be worth further exploration. You might choose to make a mind map like this for some of your topics.

Before deciding on a topic you should do some preliminary research to see what information is out there. Make a few brief notes as you go.

• General internet browsing: You could begin with some freestyle internet searching on a broad topic that interests you. Search for your topic online, give yourself an hour to follow links and see where they take you – keeping an EE focus, of course!
• Subscription Databases : While you will almost certainly search the databases extensively for your research once you have chosen a topic, you can also browse them to help you to chose one. See the ' Browsing our subscription databases ' box below for advice on the best ones to choose for this. Using the subscription databases to help you to choose a topic also means that you are guaranteed to be able to find high quality information on that topic.
• Talk to your teachers, friends and family

Put your notes away, forget about what you have read for a few days, then see what you remember.  This time and distance is important as it is likely that you will remember what is of most interest to you, and so the angle you should develop.

Aim to have three suggestions for topic areas you might like to explore for your EE to explore further before making a decision .

Browsing our subscription databases

You are likely to have used our databases in the past to search for information on specific topics, but many of them are also excellent when browsing for ideas. I have made some suggestions below. You will need to access them from the list on our Subscription Databases page (using the log in information given if you are not on the school network).

An excellent series of ebooks providing a short, academic introduction to a wide range of topics. Choose 'Browse by subject' from the menu bar to explore them (or use the excellent search facility if you know which topic you are interested in).

An online encyclopaedia that you can trust and cite! Choose 'Advanced' then 'Explore: Articles' to browse Britannica in a range of different subject areas.

Hodder Education Magazines

Although aimed at A-level students, browsing these Review magazines may be a good way to identify a broad topic of interest. After you log-in, you can choose to search the whole database or choose a specific subject and browse/search within it.

Other, subject-specific resources

• Art: Oxford Art
• Drama: Drama Online
• Economics: Financial Times and Gale Newspaper Collection
• English literature: Connell Guides, EBSCO Literary Reference Centre, emagazine and MASSOLIT (a video-based resource)
• Music: Naxos Music Library, Oxford Music
• Politics: Financial Times and Gale Newspaper Collection 

Using the Subject Specific Guidelines

This table will help you work with the Subject-Specific Guidelines as you choose your topic. You are not required to submit this form to your supervisor, but you might find it helpful when filling in your Supervisor Application Form and Research Proposal.

AI Prompt Catcher

• AI Prompt Catcher Example

This Prompt Catcher  must  be completed if you are using AI tools as part of your initial research.  Since examiners cannot access the exact AI-generated content subsequently, you must cite and reference the tool in your essay and include a copy of the Prompt Catcher containing the generated content and the prompt you used to generate it in an appendix.

Annotated bibliography

This resource will help you to keep track of all the different sources you find. Once you start working with each source in more detail, you will also need a tool like the Investigative Journal to organise your notes.

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IB EE examples for all subjects

Filter exemplars, to what extent has satya nadella's transformational leadership style contributed to creating a "growth mindset" at microsoft corporation, to what extent does the tension being applied on a wire affect the resonance frequency, want to get full marks for your ee allow us to review it for you 🎯, how does the total energy supplied during ultrasonic cavitation of benzene affect the integrated photoluminescence intensity and quantum yield of graphene quantum dots (gqds), to what extent was the british government responsible for the collapse of the sunningdale agreement of 1973, to what extent does the type of alcohol used in the fischer-speier esterification reaction affect the average rate of reaction as measured through back titration., fast track your coursework with mark schemes moderated by ib examiners. upgrade now 🚀, to what extent does global self-esteem influence academic performance, to what extent has zoom’s freemium business model influenced its market leadership position in the north american video conferencing market from 2020 to 2021, to what extent does the presence of acetaminophen (tylenol), polymixin b (polysporin), and diphenhydramine hydrochloride (benadryl) in the growth medium of cotoneaster acutifolius affect the average change in leaf length over a period of 15 days in five different concentrations, to what extent do different concentrations of magnesium nitrate (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mm) affect the concentration of chlorophyll a and b in ocimum basilicum at 645 nm and 662 nm wavelength using spectrophotometer, how does 5g of different types of oils (palm oil, avocado oil, castor oil, and olive oil) contribute to the production of soap bars with a ph level closest to 7 measured at constant temperature (50°c) and after constant time of refluxing (30 minutes) through the saponification process, how have amazon's market strategies contributed in successfully growing its e-commerce business internationally, to what extent has the change in corporate leadership at apple inc. from steve jobs to tim cook impacted the company's innovation and product development, fluid’s density effect on falling objects, to what extent will toyota’s diversification help increase business revenues and market share, to what extent does vivienne westwood's sustainable fashion initiatives provide it with a competitive advantage over other luxury brands, to what extent were queer people liberated in weimar germany, 1919-1933, to what extent does market-oriented approach give netflix, inc. a competitive advantage in the streaming entertainment industry, how is the lift at various angles of attack affected by flap deflection angles, to what extent do different species of chili pepper consumption biologically affect the rate of lipid digestion in terms of ph change within 30 minutes, to what extent do phytochemicals such as resveratrol, glyceollin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) possess comparable antibacterial effects against staphylococcus aureus bacteria to a non-prescription otitis externa (oe) treatments such as ciprofloxacin using bacillus subtilis as a prokaryotic model organism, to what extent is blood pressure related to the development of alzheimer’s disease in people in age above 50, to what extent does oxytocin affect interpersonal trust in young adults, how has apple used sustainable innovation to gain a competitive edge, to what extent do extracts of allium sativum (garlic) and zingiber officinale (ginger) reduce antimicrobial activity and how effective it is compared to antibiotics, how do different concentrations of punica granatum extracts: peel, flower and leaves (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/ml) affect the rate of reaction of α-amylase and compare with metformin (anti-diabetic drug) as measured by a spectrophotometer at 587nm, how effective is the cone repair technique when treating ebstein’s anomaly in comparison to other treatments, to what extent do social networking sites increase rates of anxiety in adolescents, what effect does the difference in radius at the top and bottom of the roller coaster loop have on the maximum change in g-force that a passenger experiences, to what extent can four seasons hotel’s success be attributed to its corporate culture and isadore sharp’s leadership style, how does the concentration of harpagoside, which is identified by the surface area of the spot on the chromatography paper, changes in the equine mane over the period of one month after gradual consumption of the supplement “devil’s claw”, what is the relationship between the height of the siphon and the flow velocity out of the siphon, what is the effect of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mm nacl) measured through microscopic (stomatal aperture) and morphological (leaf area, leaf dry mass, and root length) characteristics on pre-treated radish (raphanus sativus) seeds with magnetopriming (48 hours), to what extent has the launch of disney+ proven successful in advancing disney’s digital presence and establishing market dominance in the subscription-based video on demand (svod) market, how could family-based therapies such as cff-cbt, fft, and fft-hr be implemented in the treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder, to what extent were the nuremberg trials defendants afforded a fair due process, to what extent has google's diversification into the wearables industry increased its profitability, to what extent has japan taken steps to end overfishing in order to meet sustainable development goal 14, to what extent was the popular violence of the cultural revolution driven by mao’s need to eliminate opposition, to what extent has the vehicular emissions scheme (ves) been effective in increasing the consumption of light electric vehicles between 2018 and 2020 in singapore, how does the type of solvent (ethanol, propanone) and its solvent to water ratio (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% v/v) in the extraction of polyphenols via ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae), affect the total phenolic content extracted from rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), quantified by folin-ciocalteu assay.

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How to Choose an IB Extended Essay Topic

What’s covered:, what is the ib extended essay, what makes a good extended essay topic, narrowing down your focus, how is the extended essay scored.

• How Does The Extended Essay Affect My Admissions Chances?

The International Baccalaureate Program (IB) curriculum requires students to go above and beyond typical academic standards for most high school students. One of the required tasks is writing the extended essay. To further understand the extended essay, we need to understand what IB’s core is, which is related to the 45 points one can achieve in IB . Out of 45 points, three of these points come from the core, which is made up of the extended essay (EE), theory of knowledge, and CAS. Performing well in the EE is critical to doing well in IB, because passing the core is a necessary component of earning the diploma. 

The EE is one of the mandatory components of the IB curriculum, and it’s a practical way of preparing students to write undergraduate-level research papers in the form of a 4000 word essay. You would choose which subject to write your EE on in relation to the subject sets you take when in IB, so you have six choices. If you were to ideally timeline the extended essay and plan all the work out early, you’d start planning a topic the first semester of your junior year (or IB year 1).

Starting early to pick a topic is an advantage many students miss, because the phase of the EE in which most students get stuck on is just finalizing a solid topic to write about. While picking a topic shouldn’t be too stressful, it is important to pick one you could enjoy writing about, as lack of interest is apparent in an essay and will come across to your examiner. 

Searching for ideas to create a topic can come from different sources, but for most people it usually begins with the subjects you’re already taking. For example, let’s say you chose to write an EE in Physics HL or SL, then it does not matter too much. You’d use the topics discussed in class content, ranging from textbooks to lectures as source material for inspiration to create a topic for yourself. 

Perhaps you found yourself particularly interested in planetary physics – you could then read more into that unit of the course and hopefully find bits of information to help create a topic. 

After finding a source of inspiration for your topic, structuring your ideas in a specific format to create a topic is important. 

On the idea of physics, a great topic would be:

Physics EE on Aerodynamics: What is the relationship between frequency and surface area against lift of the propeller of a toy helicopter?

The reason this topic is great is because we can instantly tell how specified and narrowed down the central focus of the paper is just off a glance. Narrowing down your focus in your topic allows you, as the writer, to stay on track throughout the entirety of the paper. Derailing from your topic and going out of its bounds can lead to irrelevant information, making the content of your paper essentially useless. Keep your topic narrow and make sure to follow the topic throughout the entire paper, so you end up with a concise paper that actually can conclude with a solution to whatever your paper seeks to solve. 

Additionally, using keywords in your topic that give the examiner an idea of what they’re going to read is important. In this case, the writer used “frequency” and “surface area,” telling us they’re writing a paper related to mechanics as well. 

Understanding that the topic is the skeleton of your essay, make sure to refer back to it every time you make a finding or reveal data directly relevant to answering the topic’s question. Using data and evidence that isn’t relevant to your narrowed down topic will also cause you to lose points, simply because of the lack of use for it. 

The EE is scored out of 34 total points, with grade boundaries being assigned to associated letter grades with it. The following table lists the grade boundaries with their respective letter grades:

As mentioned earlier, the EE is part of a larger component of the IB curriculum, the core of IB. The core has its own grading scheme that also determines whether or not you pass and earn the diploma. It goes by the following table:

How Does the Extended Essay Affect My Admissions Chances?

While the EE has no direct impact on your college admissions, it does impact your total IB grade. However, even though your IB grade has little impact on your college admissions, being part of IB demonstrates proof of taking rigorous classes, which will positively impact your college admissions. 

That being said, writing the EE will also make you a much better essay writer, and this could later help you in writing essays for college admissions! For more information on how your chances of college admissions look, use CollegeVine’s admissions calculator ! This tool takes into account GPA, test scores, classes, and more to calculate your admissions chances at your dream schools!

Related CollegeVine Blog Posts

629 Extended Essay Topics & Good Ideas

• Icon Calendar 18 May 2024
• Icon Page 5307 words
• Icon Clock 24 min read

Extended essay topics refer to a variety of subjects, each with its unique requirements and scopes. In the realm of English Literature, topics may involve analyzing themes or characters in specific texts. Science subjects, like Biology or Chemistry, may investigate hypotheses through laboratory work. In History, students may examine past events or societies. Mathematics may include proving a complex theory, while Computer Science may require developing a new algorithm. Economics topics may study market trends, while those in Arts may critique famous works. In turn, an extended essay is a comprehensive research project that demands deep engagement with the chosen topic. The key is to choose something both challenging and fascinating.

Best Extended Essay Topics

• Interpreting Dreams: An Analysis of Freud’s Theories
• Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparative Study of Intervention Strategies
• Quantum Mechanics’ Role in Advancing Computer Science
• Shakespeare’s Influence on Contemporary Drama
• Exploring the Role of Propaganda in World War II
• Impacts of Climate Change on Coral Reefs
• Architecture’s Evolution in Post-Colonial Africa
• Decoding Hieroglyphics: Understanding Ancient Egyptian Civilization
• Influence of Picasso on Abstract Art
• Origins of Blues Music: Cultural and Historical Context
• Examination of Feminism in Virginia Woolf’s Literature
• Cryptocurrency and Its Implications on Global Economy
• Astrophysics and the Mystery of Black Holes
• Cybersecurity in a Digitally Dependent Society
• Human Genome Project: Revolutionizing Biomedical Research
• Climate Change Policies: Comparative Study Between Europe and Asia
• Roles of Drones in Modern Warfare
• Implications of Veganism on Environmental Sustainability
• Examination of Greek Mythology in Modern Cinema
• Historical Evolution of the Olympic Games
• Deciphering Dystopia: Analysis of Orwell’s “1984”
• Fast Fashion Industry: Environmental Impact and Sustainability
• Plastic Pollution: Threat to Marine Biodiversity
• Quantum Computing: Potential Impact on Cybersecurity
• Cryptocurrency Regulation: A Comparative Study
• Exploring the Socio-Cultural Impact of Anime

Easy Extended Essay Topics

• Interpretation of Impressionist Paintings: Monet’s Masterpieces
• Biotechnology in Agriculture: Advancements and Ethical Implications
• Leonardo da Vinci: Intersect of Art and Science
• Behavioral Patterns in Primates: A Comparative Study
• Socio-Economic Consequences of the French Revolution
• Big Data and Artificial Intelligence: Transforming Business
• Mysteries of the Bermuda Triangle: Scientific Theories
• Concept of Time Travel in Science Fiction Literature
• Neurological Aspects of Deja Vu Phenomenon
• Paranormal Phenomena: A Psychological Perspective
• History of Alchemy: From Pseudo-Science to Chemistry
• Climate’s Impact on the Development of Ancient Civilizations
• Examining Social Hierarchy in Ant Colonies
• Genetic Engineering: Evaluating Its Ethical Implications
• Understanding Solar Flares and Their Impact on Earth
• Role of Puppets in Traditional Japanese Theatre
• Renaissance Architecture’s Influence on Modern Urban Planning
• Invasive Species: Impacts on Ecosystem Diversity
• Virtual Reality: Future of Entertainment and Education
• Analyzing the Artistic Styles in Manga and Comic Books
• Decoding Symbology in Da Vinci’s Artwork
• Psychological Impact of Social Media on Teenagers
• Roles of Probiotics in Human Gut Health
• Machine Learning and Its Applications in Finance

Interesting Extended Essay Topics

• Impacts of Pandemics on Global Economy: A Historical Perspective
• Cultural Significance of Fairy Tales in Child Development
• Examination of Bioluminescence in Deep Sea Creatures
• Postmodern Literature: Deconstruction and Interpretation
• Effects of Deforestation on Amazonian Indigenous Tribes
• Analysis of Women’s Representation in Classic Literature
• Exploring the Origins and Evolution of Jazz Music
• Nanotechnology’s Potential in Cancer Treatment
• Examination of Historical Accuracy in Hollywood’s War Films
• Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on European Society
• Understanding the Philosophical Themes in Nietzsche’s Works
• Social Impacts of Mass Surveillance: A Global Perspective
• Music Therapy and Its Effect on Mental Health
• Comparative Analysis of Democratic Systems in Different Countries
• Roles of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Transportation
• Evolution of Special Effects in Cinema
• Decoding the Socio-Political Themes in Banksy’s Art
• Effects of Genetically Modified Crops on Agricultural Practices
• Historical Evolution of Cryptography: From Caesar Cipher to Quantum Cryptography
• Roles of Symbiotic Relationships in Ecosystem Stability
• Exploration of Existential Themes in Kafka’s Novels
• Evaluating the Influence of the Spanish Conquest on Aztec Culture
• Urbanization and Its Effect on Biodiversity in Metropolitan Cities
• Analyzing the Concept of Heroism in Greek Mythology

International Baccalaureate (IB) Extended Essay Topics

• Influences of Climate Change on Coral Reefs and Their Biodiversity
• Rethinking Nuclear Energy: An Examination of Its Economic Implications
• Roles of Women in Shaping the Renaissance Art
• Analyzing the Impact of Digitalization on Global Marketing Strategies
• Exploring Ethical Implications of Genetic Engineering in Medicine
• Effect of Globalization on Cultural Identity: A Case Study of Japan
• Dynamics of Migrant Labor in the Global Economy
• Cybersecurity Measures and Their Efficacy in Preventing Data Breaches
• Impacts of the Spanish Flu Pandemic on Early 20th-Century Literature
• Understanding Gender Representation in Disney Animated Movies
• Evolution of Hip Hop: Social and Political Influences
• Architectural Innovations in Ancient Roman Civil Engineering
• Cryptocurrencies’ Influence on Modern Financial Systems
• Exploration of Quantum Computing: Potential and Challenges
• Sustainability in Fashion: Analyzing the Shift Toward Eco-Friendly Practices
• Revolutions in Modern Robotics and Their Effect on Manufacturing Industries
• Religious Symbolism in William Blake’s Poetry
• Mathematical Modeling in Predicting Climate Change Impacts
• Comparing the Democratic Transitions: South Africa and Spain
• Artificial Intelligence and Its Implications on Privacy
• Jazz: Tracing Its Roots and Cultural Significance
• Assessing Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Urban Areas
• Understanding the Development of the English Language Over Centuries
• Rise of eSports: Societal Impact and Future Prospects

Anthropology Extended Essay Topics

• Impacts of Globalization on Indigenous Cultures: A Case Study
• Evolution of Human Language: Tracing Linguistic Diversities
• Analyzing Gender Roles in Prehistoric Societies
• Intersection of Anthropology and Genetics: Human Variation
• Comparative Study of Kinship Systems Across Cultures
• Matriarchal Societies: An Exploration in Anthropological Perspectives
• Paleolithic Art as a Window into Early Human Behavior
• Ritualistic Practices: Investigating Their Societal Implications
• Anthropological Insights into Urbanism and City Planning
• Dynamics of Religion and Spirituality in Ancient Cultures
• Traditional Medicine and Its Role in Societal Health
• Cultural Adaptation to Climate Change: Historical Examples
• Examination of Societal Hierarchies in Ancient Civilizations
• Migration Patterns and Their Influence on Cultural Identity
• Roles of Folklore in Preserving Cultural Heritage
• Taboos and Social Norms: A Cross-Cultural Examination
• Cultural Impacts of Colonialism: A Multi-Region Analysis
• Symbolism in Ritualistic Artifacts Across Various Cultures
• Analyzing the Evolution of Marriage Institutions Across Societies
• Deciphering Power Structures through Anthropological Lenses
• Body Modifications and Their Cultural Significance: A Comparative Study
• Influence of Economy on the Development of Societies: An Anthropological Analysis

Biology Extended Essay Topics

• Genetic Influence on Human Behavior: An In-Depth Study
• Mitochondrial DNA: Unraveling Maternal Lineage
• Impact of Environmental Changes on Coral Reefs
• Phylogenetic Analysis: Uncovering Species Evolution
• Ecosystem Diversity in Tropical Rainforests
• Understanding Pathogenesis in Prion Diseases
• Roles of Bioluminescence in Marine Creatures
• Cross-species Viral Transmission: Factors and Risks
• Photosynthesis Efficiency in C3 and C4 Plants
• Epigenetics: Exploring the Effects of Lifestyle
• Symbiotic Relationships: Unearthing Mutualism in Nature
• Proteomics: Decoding Protein Function and Structure
• Resilience of Mangroves to Climate Change
• Pollinators and Floral Diversification: A Co-Evolution Study
• Antibiotic Resistance: Evaluating Threats to Global Health
• Cellular Senescence and Aging: A Comparative Study
• Microbiome Impact on Human Immune Response
• Neuroplasticity: Influence of Experience and Learning
• Zoonotic Diseases: Investigating the Role of Wildlife Trade
• Roles of Biotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture
• Bioinformatics: Mining Genomic Data for Insights

Business & Management Extended Essay Topics

• Analyzing Corporate Social Responsibility’s Impact on Brand Image
• Exploring the Role of Leadership Styles in Organizational Efficiency
• Effects of Digital Marketing Strategies on Consumer Behavior
• Profitability Assessment of Renewable Energy Investments
• Roles of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Business Decisions
• Implications of Remote Work Policies on Employee Productivity
• Impacts of Cultural Diversity on Team Performance in Multinational Corporations
• Case Study: Crisis Management Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Factors Influencing the Adoption of Sustainable Practices in Small Businesses
• Assessment of the Gig Economy’s Effect on Traditional Employment Models
• Evaluating Supply Chain Efficiency in the E-Commerce Sector
• Influence of Government Regulations on Startup Ecosystems
• Analysis of Gender Equality Policies in Fortune 500 Companies
• Disruption in Retail: The Rise and Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Brands
• Strategies for Managing Employee Turnover in High-Stress Industries
• Privacy Concerns in Data-Driven Business Models: A Risk Analysis
• Examination of Mergers and Acquisitions Strategies in the Tech Industry
• Investigation Into the Success Factors of Family-Owned Businesses
• Decoding the Psychology of Consumer Loyalty in the Digital Age
• Ethical Considerations in Marketing: Case Studies in the Cosmetics Industry
• The Intersection of Corporate Strategy and Environmental Sustainability

Chemistry Extended Essay Topics

• Analyzing the Impact of Temperature Variation on Reaction Rates
• Exploring Chiral Molecules and Their Importance in Pharmaceutical Drugs
• Investigating Quantum Mechanics and Its Role in Chemical Bonding
• Breakdown of Petroleum: Chemical Processes and Environmental Impacts
• Nanotechnology’s Role in Modern Chemistry: An In-Depth Analysis
• Nuclear Chemistry: Unraveling the Secrets of Radioactivity
• Fingerprinting Hydrocarbons: Environmental Implications of Oil Spills
• Synthetic Materials: Innovations in Polymer Chemistry
• Deciphering the Complexity of Enzyme Kinetics
• Quantum Tunneling: Its Crucial Role in Biochemical Reactions
• Corrosion Prevention Techniques: An Electrochemical Perspective
• Superconductors: Unveiling Their Unique Chemical Properties
• Color Chemistry: Unraveling the Mystery Behind Pigmentation
• Examination of Metal-Alloy Interactions in the Production of Coins
• Roles of Catalysts in Industrial Chemical Processes
• Green Chemistry: Its Impact on Sustainable Development
• Influence of Solvent Polarity on Spectroscopic Measurements
• Advanced Battery Technologies: A Chemical Analysis
• Nature’s Chemistry: Unraveling Biochemical Processes in Plants
• Hydrogen Fuel Cells: The Chemistry Behind Clean Energy

Computer Science Extended Essay Topics

• Quantum Computing: Exploring the Potential for Revolutionizing Computer Science
• Ethical Considerations in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
• Evaluating Blockchain Technology: Implications for Data Security
• Unveiling the Complexity Behind Search Algorithms
• Comparing Programming Languages: Performance Analysis of Python vs. Java
• The Impact of Data Mining on E-Commerce Business Models
• Cybersecurity: Strategies for Combating Phishing Attacks
• Machine Learning’s Role in Predictive Analytics
• Exploring Virtual Reality: The Future of Human-Computer Interaction
• Cloud Computing: Assessing Risks and Benefits for Small Businesses
• Optimization Techniques in Database Systems
• The Role of Neural Networks in Image Recognition
• Application of Genetic Algorithms in Problem-Solving
• Cryptography: The Mathematics Behind Secure Communications
• Biometrics: Exploring the Balance Between Security and Privacy
• IoT Devices: Assessing Vulnerabilities and Security Measures
• Deep Learning’s Influence on Natural Language Processing
• Scalability Challenges in Distributed Systems
• Analysis of Memory Management in Operating Systems
• Software Engineering: The Impact of Agile Development Methods
• Augmented Reality: Unleashing New Possibilities in Education

Economics Extended Essay Topics

• Exploring the Economic Consequences of Aging Populations in Developed Nations
• Income Inequality: Investigating Its Impact on Education Accessibility
• Analyzing the Role of Technology in Reducing Unemployment Rates
• Sustainable Development: Economic Considerations in Renewable Energy Adoption
• Fast-Fashion Industry: Unveiling the Hidden Costs of Cheap Clothing
• Economic Repercussions of Pandemics: A Case Study of COVID-19
• Unraveling the Socio-Economic Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles
• Influence of Trade Wars on International Supply Chains
• Internet Access and Its Correlation With Economic Development
• Implications of Artificial Intelligence on Labor Market Dynamics
• Investigating the Interplay Between Cultural Factors and Economic Growth
• Global Tourism: Evaluating the Economic Impact of Over-Tourism on Local Communities
• Assessing the Economic Viability of Space Commercialization
• Analyzing the Impact of Universal Basic Income on Poverty Reduction
• Child Labor in Developing Economies: Long-Term Consequences and Solutions
• Understanding the Economic Implications of Water Scarcity in Arid Regions
• Foreign Aid Effectiveness: A Comparative Study of Recipient Economies
• Digital Divide: Its Economic Ramifications on Rural Communities
• Interpreting the Economics of E-Waste Management and Recycling
• Unpacking the Relationship Between Corruption and Economic Development
• Sports Events and Their Economic Impact: A Case Study of the Olympic Games

English Extended Essay Topics

• Exploration of Symbolism in Harper Lee’s “To Kill a Mockingbird”
• Societal Impacts Revealed Through Charles Dickens’ “Great Expectations”
• Critical Examination of Gender Roles in “Pride and Prejudice”
• Tracing Transformation in Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby”: From Ambition to Disillusionment
• Imagery and Foreshadowing in William Golding’s “Lord of the Flies”
• Empowerment and Oppression: The Dichotomy in “The Handmaid’s Tale”
• The Influence of Romanticism on Wordsworth’s Poetry
• Comparative Analysis of Propaganda Techniques in George Orwell’s “1984” and “Animal Farm”
• Unveiling the Psychological Depths in Edgar Allan Poe’s Short Stories
• Manifestation of Social Class Struggle in Jane Austen’s “Emma”
• Linguistic Evolution: A Study of Shakespeare’s Early and Later Plays
• Dystopian Societies: The Reflection in Aldous Huxley’s “Brave New World”
• Examining Racism and Prejudice in Mark Twain’s “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”
• Stephen King’s “The Shining”: A Journey Into Human Psyche and Horror
• Absurdism and the Search for Meaning in Albert Camus’ “The Stranger”
• Childhood and Morality: The Innocence Lost in J.D. Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye”
• Articulating Feminism: Role and Representation in Virginia Woolf’s “To the Lighthouse”
• Illusion vs. Reality: A Study of Tennessee Williams’ “A Streetcar Named Desire”
• Tracing Cultural Identity in Zora Neale Hurston’s “Their Eyes Were Watching God”
• Analyzing Existential Themes in Franz Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis”
• Contrasting Interpretations of Redemption in Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment”

Environmental Systems & Societies Extended Essay Topics

• Climate Change: Assessing the Shifts in Arctic Ecosystems
• Effectiveness of Sustainable Farming Techniques in Developed Countries
• Evaluating the Consequences of Plastic Waste on Marine Life
• Energy Efficiency: Analysis of Solar Power Systems in Desert Climates
• Assessing the Role of Green Infrastructure in Urban Heat Island Mitigation
• Impacts of Deforestation: A Study on Amazon Rainforest
• Analyzing the Ecological Footprint of Vegan Diets vs. Omnivorous Diets
• Influence of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Systems
• Natural Disasters: The Relationship Between Climate Change and Increasing Hurricane Frequency
• Assessing the Sustainability of Electric Vehicles in Reducing Carbon Emissions
• Roles of Wetlands in Maintaining Ecosystem Balance
• The Link Between Population Growth and Water Scarcity in Arid Regions
• E-Waste Management: Strategies and Impacts on the Environment
• Investigating the Environmental Benefits of Vertical Farming Practices
• Biofuels: Evaluating the Feasibility as a Sustainable Energy Source
• Oceanic Plastic Pollution: Exploring Microplastic Accumulation in Seafood
• Impacts of Tourism on Coastal Ecosystems: A Case Study
• Light Pollution: Effects on Nocturnal Wildlife and Possible Mitigation Strategies
• Analysis of Air Quality Variations and Their Implications on Public Health
• Nuclear Power: Evaluation of Risks and Benefits for the Environment
• Sustainable Architectural Practices: Evaluating the Impact on Urban Environments

Ethics Extended Essay Topics

• Balancing Privacy and National Security: An Ethical Perspective
• Ethical Implications of Genetic Engineering: Redefining Human Evolution
• The Morality of Capital Punishment: An Ongoing Controversy
• Euthanasia Debate: Assessing the Right to Die with Dignity
• Animal Rights: Evaluating Ethical Questions in Animal Experimentation
• Consumerism and Ethics: The Moral Implications of Overconsumption
• Medical Ethics: Analysis of Informed Consent in Patient Care
• The Ethical Landscape of Artificial Intelligence: Potential Risks and Rewards
• Environmental Ethics: Interrogating the Moral Considerations in Climate Change
• Unraveling the Ethics of War: Just War Theory in Contemporary Conflicts
• Corporate Social Responsibility: Business Ethics in the 21st Century
• Ethics of Journalism: Truth, Objectivity, and the Public’s Right to Know
• Dissecting the Ethics of Philanthropy: Altruism vs. Self-Interest
• Technological Advances: Ethical Questions Surrounding Biohacking
• Deconstructing the Ethical Dimensions of Climate Change Mitigation
• Human Rights: The Moral Implications of Immigration Policies
• Plagiarism in Academia: An Ethical Dilemma in Intellectual Property
• Cybersecurity and Ethics: Navigating Privacy in the Digital Age
• Societal Standards: The Ethics of Beauty and Body Image in Media
• Globalization: Analyzing the Ethics of International Trade Practices
• Wealth Inequality: The Moral Implications of Income Disparity
• Racial Profiling: An Examination of Ethical Dilemmas in Law Enforcement

Film Extended Essay Topics

• Analyzing Visual Storytelling Techniques in Quentin Tarantino’s Cinematic Universe
• Aestheticization of Violence in Stanley Kubrick’s “A Clockwork Orange”
• Pioneering Special Effects: Evolution in “Star Wars” Franchise
• Socio-Cultural Impact of Bollywood Cinema on Indian Society
• Iconography of Federico Fellini: Surrealism in Italian Cinema
• French New Wave: A Paradigm Shift in Film Aesthetics
• Pervasive Propaganda: Politics and Cinema During the Cold War
• Animated Storytelling: Disney’s Influence on Children’s Perception of Gender Roles
• Documentaries as Social Commentary: An Analysis of Michael Moore’s Works
• Realism and Romanticism: Dichotomy in Jane Austen Film Adaptations
• Postmodernism in David Lynch’s Films: “Mulholland Drive” as a Case Study
• Depiction of Artificial Intelligence in Sci-Fi Movies: Exploring “Ex Machina”
• Changing Portrayal of Vampires in Cinema: From “Nosferatu” to “Twilight”
• Influence of German Expressionism on Tim Burton’s Stylistic Approach
• Transhumanism Explored in the “Matrix” Trilogy: A Philosophical Investigation
• Cinematic Interpretation of Mental Illness: A Study of “A Beautiful Mind”
• Juxtaposing Reality and Fiction: “The Truman Show” and Media’s Power
• Music’s Role in Enhancing Narrative Drama: A Study on “Amadeus”
• Technological Evolution in Cinema: Impact on Movie Experience
• Superheroes and Society: A Critical Look at the Marvel Cinematic Universe
• Ethical Dilemmas in Bioethics Films: Dissecting “Gattaca”
• Silence as a Narrative Device: Examining “A Quiet Place” and Its Sequel

Gender Studies Extended Essay Topics

• Dissecting the Gender Wage Gap: Causes and Solutions
• Queer Theory: Intersectionality and Identity Politics
• Patriarchy and Power: Examining Their Symbiotic Relationship
• Cyberfeminism: The Internet as a Platform for Gender Equality
• Biological Determinism: Challenging Traditional Gender Notions
• Implications of Single-Sex Education on Gender Development
• Gender Stereotypes in Advertising: Impact on Society
• Masculinity in Crisis: Modern Conceptions and Their Consequences
• Sport’s Roles in Shaping Gender Identity
• Influence of Parenting Styles on Gender Socialization
• Reassessing Gender Biases in Language
• Sexuality Education: Navigating Through a Gender Spectrum
• Reproductive Rights: A Battle Ground of Gender Politics
• LGBTQ+ Representation in Literature: Advancement or Stereotype?
• Toxic Masculinity: Its Origins and Impact on Society
• Feminist Movements: Catalysts for Global Gender Equality
• Domestic Roles: Evolution and Gender Associations
• Women in Leadership: Barriers and Breakthroughs
• Fashion Industry’s Role in Reinforcing Gender Norms
• Men’s Rights Movement: Controversial Claims and Their Validity
• Sexual Harassment: A Perennial Issue of Gender Inequality

Geography Extended Essay Topics

• Urbanization’s Effect on Local Biodiversity in Developed Countries
• Understanding the Relationship Between Soil Composition and Crop Yield
• Geopolitical Consequences of Melting Polar Ice Caps
• Impact of Desertification on Sub-Saharan African Nations
• Migration Patterns: Influence of Economic Inequality on Population Shifts
• Roles of Monsoons in South Asian Agriculture
• Spatial Analysis: Technological Advancements in Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Sustainable Development: Strategies to Balance Urban Growth and Environmental Preservation
• Geothermal Energy’s Potential: Iceland as a Case Study
• Climate Change’s Effect on Australian Bushfires: A Detailed Investigation
• Analysis of the Physical Features Influencing Japan’s Isolation
• Roles of Rivers in Shaping Ancient Civilizations
• Urban Sprawl and its Ecological Impact on American Cities
• Depletion of the Amazon Rainforest: Causes and Consequences
• Comparative Study on Coastal Management Techniques Around the World
• Seismic Activity Patterns: Evaluating Earthquake-prone Zones Globally
• Deforestation’s Impact on Indigenous Communities in the Amazon Basin
• Hydroelectric Power and Its Environmental Impact: Canada’s Experience
• Geographic Factors Influencing Wine Production in French Vineyards
• Impacts of Climate Change on Traditional Farming Practices in Peru
• Geographic Investigation into the Distribution of Rare Earth Minerals

Health & Nutrition Extended Essay Topics

• Sugary Drinks: Consequences for Adolescent Health
• Assessing the Nutritional Significance of Organic Foods
• Ketogenic Diet: Evaluating Its Effects on Weight Loss
• Childhood Obesity: An Examination of Underlying Causes
• Iron Deficiency: Unveiling the Hidden Global Impact
• Meditation’s Influence on Physical and Psychological Health
• Superfoods: Understanding Their Role in Preventing Chronic Diseases
• Nutrigenomics: Decoding Personalized Nutrition for Optimal Health
• Benefits of Hydration: Unraveling the Science Behind Water Intake
• Sleep Quality: Its Relationship With Nutritional Factors
• The Link Between Mental Stress and Nutrient Absorption
• Microplastics in Seafood: Gauging the Health Implications
• Antioxidants: A Detailed Review of Their Role in Aging
• Gluten-Free Diets: Evaluating Benefits Beyond Celiac Disease
• Genetically Modified Foods: Analyzing Potential Health Risks
• Dairy Consumption: Its Impact on Bone Health
• Dangers of Processed Foods: A Comprehensive Study
• Phytonutrients: Uncovering Their Impact on Human Immunity
• Salt Intake: Assessing Its Relationship With Hypertension
• Whole Grains: Exploring Their Influence on Digestive Health

History Extended Essay Topics

• Unveiling the Mysteries of the Mayan Civilization: An In-Depth Analysis
• Comparing the Imperial Policies: British Empire vs. Spanish Empire
• The Paris Commune of 1871: Catalyst for Revolutionary Movements
• Roman Influence on Modern Western Architecture: A Comprehensive Study
• Reformation Movements: Shaping the Modern Christian Faith
• Influence and Legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte in European Politics
• African Cultures: A Study on Pre-Colonial Kingdoms
• Shogunate Rule: The Feudal System of Japan
• Enlightenment Philosophers: Revolutionizing European Thought
• Rise of the Ottoman Empire: Factors and Consequences
• Evolution of Warfare: A Study From the Middle Ages to World War I
• French Revolution: Causes, Impacts, and Lessons
• American Civil War: Interpreting Slavery’s Role
• Silk Road Influence on East-West Cultural Exchange
• Decoding the Holocaust: Analyzing Its Global Repercussions
• Mongol Empire’s Impact on Eurasian Trade and Communication
• Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures: Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas
• Witch Trials in Europe: A Reflection of Fear and Superstition
• Cold War: Unraveling the Ideological Tensions Between East and West
• Korean War: Assessing Its Long-Term Effects on the Korean Peninsula
• Vietnam War: Evaluating the Domestic Uprisings in the United States
• World War II: Dissecting the Causes and Global Impact

Literature Extended Essay Topics

• Examining the Role of Femininity in Jane Austen’s “Pride and Prejudice”
• Comparing the Depiction of War in Ernest Hemingway’s “Farewell to Arms” and Erich Maria Remarque’s “All Quiet on the Western Front”
• Exploration of the Hero’s Journey in J.R.R. Tolkien’s “Lord of the Rings”
• Insights Into Absurdism Through Albert Camus’s “The Stranger”
• Assessment of Revenge Themes in Alexandre Dumas’s “The Count of Monte Cristo”
• Interpretation of Colonialism in Joseph Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness”
• Gothic Elements in Bram Stoker’s “Dracula”: A Thorough Investigation
• Analyzing the American Dream Through F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby”
• Uncovering Identity Conflicts in Alice Walker’s “The Color Purple”
• Influences of Victorian Society on Charles Dickens’s “Great Expectations”
• Analyzing Magical Realism in Gabriel García Márquez’s “One Hundred Years of Solitude”
• Exploring Environmental Themes in Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring”
• Thematic Analysis of Isolation in Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein”
• Examination of Satire in Jonathan Swift’s “Gulliver’s Travels”
• Dissecting Themes of Racism in Harper Lee’s “To Kill a Mockingbird”
• Investigating Futurism in Aldous Huxley’s “Brave New World”
• Studying the Role of Individualism in Ayn Rand’s “Atlas Shrugged”
• Evaluating Paranoia Themes in George Orwell’s “1984”
• Scrutinizing the Dystopian Elements in Margaret Atwood’s “The Handmaid’s Tale”
• The Symbolism of Nature in Emily Bronte’s “Wuthering Heights”
• Decoding Absurdist Elements in Samuel Beckett’s “Waiting for Godot”
• Assessing the Role of Love in William Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet”

Mathematics Extended Essay Topics

• Fractal Geometry: Exploring Patterns in Nature
• Game Theory: Predictive Models in Economics and Politics
• Evolution of Calculus: Integral Role in Scientific Developments
• Knot Theory: Mathematical Implications for DNA Structures
• Probability Theory: Influence on Decision-Making Processes
• Quantum Computing: Role of Linear Algebra
• Hyperbolic Geometry: Implications for Theoretical Physics
• Topology: Mathematical Basis of M.C. Escher’s Artworks
• Mathematical Logic: Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems
• Fibonacci Sequence: Presence and Significance in Natural Phenomena
• Graph Theory: Applications in Social Network Analysis
• Chaos Theory: Predicting Weather Patterns
• Number Theory: Exploring Twin Prime Conjecture
• Complex Numbers: Quantum Mechanics Applications
• Euler’s Formula: Linking Five Fundamental Mathematical Constants
• Riemann Hypothesis: Consequences for Prime Number Distribution
• Mathematical Modelling: Predicting Population Dynamics
• Set Theory: Examining the Continuum Hypothesis
• Lie Groups: Role in Particle Physics
• Non-Euclidean Geometry: Revolutionizing Perception of Space
• Algebraic Topology: Insights Into Data Analysis

Media Studies Extended Essay Topics

• Digital Divide: Socio-Economic Impacts on Information Access
• Deepfake Technology: The Challenge to Media Authenticity
• Print to Digital: Evolution of Newspapers in the 21st Century
• Artificial Intelligence in Journalism: Benefits and Pitfalls
• Film Adaptations: Interpretation vs. Original Text
• Cyberbullying: The Dark Side of Social Networks
• Body Image: Media Representation and Its Impact on Adolescents
• Fake News Phenomenon: The Influence on Public Opinion
• Memes and Virality: The New Language of Digital Media
• Reality Television: Exploration of Cultural Impact
• Cinematic Representations of Historical Events: Accuracy vs. Dramatization
• Podcasting Boom: Rise and Influence in Modern Media
• Streaming Wars: The Impact on the Television Industry
• Photojournalism Ethics: The Power of Images in News Media
• Music Piracy: Effect on the Music Industry in the Digital Age
• Animation as an Art Form: Impact and Acceptance in Mainstream Media
• Advertising Psychology: Subliminal Messages in Modern Marketing
• LGBTQ+ Representation in Television: Progress and Backlash
• Roles of Women in Film: Progress in Gender Equality
• Video Games as Storytelling Medium: Narrative and Player Interaction
• Comic Book Culture: From Niche to Mainstream Media
• Influence of Western Media on Global Pop Culture: The Hollywood Impact

Music Extended Essay Topics

• Classical Compositions: Influence of Bach’s Techniques on Modern Music
• Psychoacoustic Effects: Music’s Influence on Human Behavior
• Sonic Landscaping: The Use of Atmospherics in Ambient Music
• Lyrics’ Roles: Expressing Social Issues Through Hip-Hop
• Beethoven’s Symphonies: Revolutionary Techniques and Their Influence
• Harmonization in Jazz: Unpacking Coltrane’s Unique Approaches
• Vivaldi’s Four Seasons: Examination of Baroque Music Style
• Sonic Influence: Music’s Role in Cinematic Narratives
• Opera’s Evolution: Tracing the Shift From Baroque to Romantic Period
• Cross-Cultural Influences: Examining Salsa’s African and European Roots
• K-Pop Phenomenon: Analyzing Its Global Impact
• Musical Iconography: Symbolism in Mozart’s Operas
• Dissecting Punk: Deconstructing Its Socio-Political Messages
• Rhythm Development: West African Influence on American Blues
• Genre Fusion: Exploration of Reggae’s Influence on Hip-Hop
• Melodic Intricacies: Debussy’s Revolutionary Approach to Music
• Grunge Revolution: Examination of Seattle’s Music Scene in the 90s
• Mystical Allure: The Role of Spirituality in Gospel Music
• Compositional Innovations: Understanding Schoenberg’s Atonality”
• Artistry Unveiled: The Impact of Visual Elements in Album Art
• Technology’s Role: The Emergence and Impact of Electronic Dance Music

Philosophy Extended Essay Topics

• Significance of Nietzsche’s Will to Power: A Deep Exploration
• Descartes and the Philosophy of Mind: An Analytical Approach
• Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics: A Modern Appraisal
• Unveiling the Metaphysical Implications of Quantum Physics
• Phenomenology and the Essence of Human Experience
• Kant’s Categorical Imperative: Critical Re-Evaluation
• Embodying Freedom: Sartre’s Existentialism and Its Relevance Today
• Dialectics of Hegel: Deciphering Complexities
• Simulacra and Simulation: Baudrillard’s Postmodern Reality
• Unraveling Wittgenstein’s Language Games: A Thorough Analysis
• Schopenhauer’s Concept of Will: An In-Depth Study
• Quandaries of Free Will: Revisiting Determinism
• Spinoza’s Pantheism and Its Contemporary Implications
• Habermas’ Communicative Action: A Practical Appraisal
• Uncovering Rawls’ Theory of Justice: A Critical Review
• Political Power and Machiavelli’s “The Prince”: An Exploration
• Utility and Morality: Assessing Bentham’s Utilitarianism
• Exploring Heidegger’s Being and Time: Existentialism and Ontology
• Stoicism in the Modern World: A Comprehensive Analysis
• Feminism Through the Lens of Simone de Beauvoir
• Epistemology Unveiled: Understanding Locke’s Theory of Knowledge
• Poststructuralism: Decoding Derrida’s Deconstruction

Physics Extended Essay Topics

• Analyzing Black Holes: Their Formation, Structure, and Effects on Space-Time
• Quantum Entanglement: Unveiling the Intricacies of Particle Relationships
• The Higgs Boson: Its Role and Significance in the Standard Model
• Exploration of Dark Matter: Implications for Galactic Formations
• Light Speed Variability: Investigating Possible Factors and Consequences
• Stellar Evolution: A Detailed Study of Star Lifecycles
• Effects of Quantum Tunneling on Microscopic Scales
• Thermodynamics in Isolated Systems: Deepening the Understanding
• Relativity Theory: Delving Into Its Consequences on Space Travel
• Solar Flares: Their Impact on Earth’s Magnetic Field
• Neutrino Oscillations: Dissecting Their Quantum Mechanical Phenomena
• Fusion Energy: Examining Its Feasibility and Potential Impact
• Electromagnetism in Quantum Optics: Unraveling the Relations
• Tidal Forces: Their Role in Celestial Body Interactions
• Plasma Physics: Analyzing the Fourth State of Matter
• Gravitational Waves: Their Detection and Implications
• String Theory: Evaluating Its Contribution to Modern Physics
• Bose-Einstein Condensate: Investigating Its Unique Properties
• Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation: Decoding the Echoes of the Big Bang
• Nanotechnology: The Role of Physics in Its Evolution
• Quantum Gravity: Scrutinizing the Unification of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity

Politics Extended Essay Topics

• Evaluating the Political Consequences of Climate Change Policies
• Dissecting the Impact of Brexit on European Union Stability
• Unearthing the Causes of Political Apathy Among Millennials
• Cybersecurity Threats and Their Influence on Global Politics
• Immigration Policies: Evaluating Their Socio-Political Impact
• Intersectionality and Its Effect on Contemporary Political Discourse
• Trade Wars: Unraveling Their Economic and Political Implications
• Roles of Women Leaders in the Pursuit of Global Peace
• Impacts of Corruption on Developing Economies’ Political Stability
• Scrutinizing the Role of Lobbying in American Politics
• Influence of Religion on Middle Eastern Politics
• Investigating the Political Aftermath of Major Terrorist Attacks
• The Nexus Between Climate Justice and Political Activism
• Effects of Political Satire on Public Perception of Politicians
• Decolonization and Its Long-Term Political Impact in Africa
• Analyzing the Relationship Between Military Spending and International Relations
• Diplomacy in the Nuclear Age: Assessing Its Efficacy
• Unpacking the Political Implications of the Rise of Artificial Intelligence
• Evaluating the Consequences of Resource Scarcity on International Politics
• Political Autonomy Movements: Exploring Their Causes and Effects

Psychology Extended Essay Topics

• Perception of Reality: Influence of Social Media on Adolescents
• Cognitive Development: The Role of Play in Early Childhood
• Emotional Intelligence: An Examination of Its Impact on Leadership
• Biopsychology: Understanding the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Mental Health
• Cultural Variations: Impact on Interpersonal Communication Styles
• Parenting Styles: Their Consequences on Child Behavior and Development
• Depression in Adolescents: Exploring the Impact of Social Isolation
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Efficacy of Different Treatment Approaches
• Behavior Analysis: Autism Spectrum Disorder and Applied Techniques
• Music Therapy: Evaluating Its Effectiveness in Managing Anxiety
• Bystander Effect: Analysis of Underlying Psychological Mechanisms
• Psycholinguistics: The Role of Language in Cognitive Processes
• Understanding the Psychology of Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia
• Psychotherapy Approaches: Exploring Efficacy in Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Humanistic Psychology: Examining Its Applications in Modern Psychotherapy
• Consequences of Chronic Pain: A Study on Psychological Adaptation
• Stereotypes and Prejudice: Exploring Their Origins and Effects
• Memory: How Traumatic Events Influence Recall
• Nature vs. Nurture: The Debate in Personality Development
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Unpacking Its Psychological Impact
• Influences of Environment and Genetics on Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
• Romantic Relationships: Understanding Attachment Styles and Their Effects

Sociology Extended Essay Topics

• Globalization’s Influence on Traditional Cultural Practices
• Assimilation versus Multiculturalism: An Exploration in Contemporary Societies
• Intersectionality and Its Role in Modern Feminism
• Educational Inequality: The Socio-Economic Factors at Play
• Effects of Income Inequality on Community Health Outcomes
• Cyberbullying’s Pervasiveness and Its Societal Consequences
• Pop Culture’s Shaping of Youth Identity
• Urbanization’s Effect on Community Structure and Social Interaction
• Racial Stereotypes in Media: A Comprehensive Analysis
• Deviance and Crime: Sociological Perspectives on their Roots
• Marriage Patterns Among Different Socio-Economic Classes
• The Role of Religion in Structuring Modern Societies
• Refugees’ Integration Into Host Societies: Barriers and Facilitators
• Disparity in Healthcare Access: The Underlying Social Causes
• The Digital Divide: Exploring Socio-Economic Factors and Consequences
• LGBTQ+ Rights Movement: Progress and Remaining Challenges
• Changing Gender Roles in the 21st Century
• Post-Industrial Society’s Influence on the Family Structure
• Media Representation of Marginalized Groups: Impact and Implications
• Ethnic Identity Formation within Diaspora Communities
• Prison System’s Effect on Social Stratification

Visual Arts Extended Essay Topics

• Interpreting Symbolism in Renaissance Portraiture
• Dissecting Minimalism: Impact on Contemporary Visual Art
• Cubism’s Influence on Modern Design Aesthetics
• Photorealism: Technique, Challenges, and Impact
• Juxtaposing Abstract and Realism in Visual Art
• Byzantine Mosaics: Preservation and Symbolism
• Impressionism: Affecting Viewer Perception Through Brushwork
• Mural Graffiti: Socio-Political Messages in Street Art
• Surrealism’s Roles in Challenging Reality Perception
• Ephemeral Art: Exploring Its Transience and Significance
• Pop Art’s Reflection on Consumer Culture
• Stained Glass: Religious Iconography and Aesthetics
• Postmodernism’s Critique of Traditional Art Theories
• Disruptive Power of Dadaism in the Early 20th Century
• Pointillism’s Manipulation of Optical Mixing
• Kinetic Sculpture: Dynamic Movement in Static Forms
• Fauvism’s Bold Use of Color and Form
• Romanticism’s Depiction of Nature and Emotion
• Neoclassicism: Celebrating Antiquity Through Visual Art
• Feminist Art: Challenging Patriarchy and Stereotypes
• Video Art: Exploring Temporality and Narration
• Indigenous Art: Preservation of Cultural Heritage Through Visual Expression

World Religion Studies Extended Essays Topics

• Analyzing Confucianism’s Impact on Chinese Social and Political Structures
• The Intersection of Spirituality and Mental Health: Perspectives From Various Religious Traditions
• The Role of Rituals in Indigenous African Religions: An Anthropological Approach
• Liberation Theology: Examining Christianity’s Influence on Social Justice Movements
• Afterlife Concept in Ancient Greek and Norse Mythology
• Exploring the Symbolism of Mandalas in Tibetan Buddhism
• Religious Syncretism in Latin America: Blending Indigenous and Catholic Beliefs
• Significance of Pilgrimage in Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism
• The Impact of Taoism on Traditional Chinese Medicine
• Music and Chanting in Religious Rituals: Comparative Analysis
• Sufism: Mystical Dimensions of Islam
• Karma in Hinduism and Buddhism: A Comparative Study
• Religious Iconography’s Influence on Artistic Expression
• Cultural Identity Fostered by Religious Festivals
• Historical Development of Sikhism and Its Teachings
• Animal Rights Ethics: Perspectives From Different Religions
• Prophecy in Abrahamic Religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
• Rites of Passage: Comparative Analysis of Coming-of-Age Ceremonies
• Evolution of Religious Tolerance in Western Societies
• Influence of Zen Buddhism on Japanese Tea Ceremony
• Divine Love in Christianity, Hinduism, and Sufism

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90+ SEHS Extended Essay Topic Ideas for IB

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You’re in the right place if you’re passionate about sports, exercise, and health science. We’ve compiled a fantastic selection of SEHS extended essay topics to inspire your research. From exploring the science behind athletic performance to tackling social and ethical issues in sports, we’ve got you covered. 

I’ll break this list of IB SEHS EE topics into ten various categories. Therefore, it will be easier for you to navigate this article.

Here are the categories we will be covering:

Exercise Physiology

• Cardiovascular System : Investigating the effects of exercise on heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output.
• Respiratory System : Examining the impact of different types of exercise on lung capacity, ventilation rate, and oxygen uptake.
• Muscular System : Analyzing the physiological responses of muscles to various training regimens and their impact on strength, endurance, and recovery.

Sports Psychology

• Motivation : Exploring the factors that influence motivation in athletes and their impact on performance.
• Anxiety and Stress Management : Investigating the strategies used by athletes to manage anxiety and stress before and during competitions.
• Team Dynamics : Examining the role of team cohesion, communication, and leadership in sports performance.

Biomechanics

• Movement Analysis : Studying the biomechanics of specific movements in sports, such as running, jumping, or throwing.
• Injury Prevention : Investigating the biomechanical factors that contribute to sports injuries and the effectiveness of preventive measures.
• Equipment Design : Analyzing the impact of equipment design, such as footwear or protective gear, on athletic performance and safety.

Nutrition and Sports Performance

• Dietary Supplements : Evaluating the effects of dietary supplements, such as protein powders or creatine, on athletic performance.
• Hydration : Investigating the importance of hydration in sports performance and the best strategies for maintaining fluid balance.
• Energy Systems : Exploring the role of different energy systems (aerobic, anaerobic) in sports performance and the impact of nutrition on their efficiency.

Training and Conditioning

• Periodization : Examining the effectiveness of periodization training programs in enhancing sports performance.
• Strength and Conditioning : Investigating the impact of strength and conditioning programs on athletic performance and injury prevention.
• Flexibility Training : Analyzing the role of flexibility training in sports performance and injury prevention.

Sports Injury and Rehabilitation

• Concussions : Studying the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of concussions in contact sports.
• Overuse Injuries : Investigating the causes and prevention of overuse injuries in athletes.
• Rehabilitation Techniques : Evaluating the effectiveness of various rehabilitation techniques in the recovery of sports injuries.

Ethical and Social Issues in Sports

• Doping : Examining the ethical implications and health risks of doping in sports.
• Gender Equality : Investigating the challenges and progress in achieving gender equality in sports.
• Youth Sports : Exploring the impact of early specialization and competitive pressure on young athletes.

Sports Technology and Innovation

• Wearable Technology : Investigating the impact of wearable technology, such as fitness trackers and smartwatches, on athletes’ training and performance.
• Video Analysis : Examining the role of video analysis in improving technique and strategy in sports.
• Biometric Monitoring : Analyzing the use of biometric monitoring systems in assessing athlete health and performance.

Environmental Factors in Sports

• Altitude Training : Exploring the physiological effects of altitude training on athletes’ endurance and performance.
• Temperature and Climate : Investigating the impact of temperature and climate conditions on sports performance and safety.
• Air Pollution : Examining the effects of air pollution on athletes’ respiratory health and performance.

Psychological Well-being in Sports

• Mindfulness and Meditation : Investigating the effects of mindfulness and meditation practices on athletes’ mental health and performance.
• Body Image and Self-esteem : Exploring the relationship between body image, self-esteem, and performance in athletes.
• Coping with Retirement : Analyzing the psychological challenges faced by athletes during the transition to retirement and effective coping strategies.

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So, whether you’re into biomechanics, nutrition, or sports psychology, get ready to dive into some exciting research that could take your understanding of SEHS to the next level! And if you need academic writing assistance – Writing Metier is here to help you.

IB SEHS EE Topic Ideas

Finally! Here are three topics and research questions for each subcategory in IB Sports, Exercise, and Health Science. They are designed to meet the IB Extended Essay criteria and are still quite researchable and “data-friendly” if you know what I mean 😉

Let’s kick things off with Exercise Physiology, where we’ll explore how our bodies respond to physical activity. From understanding how our muscles and cardiovascular system adapt to exercise, this section is all about the science behind fitness and performance.

Cardiovascular System

• Research Question: How does HIIT influence cardiovascular health markers, such as heart rate variability and blood pressure, in adolescents?
• Research Question: How does a 12-week endurance training program affect the resting heart rate of amateur athletes?
• Research Question: What cardiovascular adaptations occur in female athletes as a result of long-distance running training?

Respiratory System

• Research Question: How do different breathing techniques impact respiratory efficiency and performance in competitive swimmers?
• Research Question: How does exposure to urban air pollution affect respiratory function and exercise capacity in cyclists?
• Research Question: How does respiratory muscle training influence VO2 max and endurance performance in competitive rowers?

Muscular System

• Research Question: How does muscle fiber type distribution differ between elite powerlifters and marathon runners?
• Research Question: How does creatine supplementation affect muscle strength and recovery time in resistance-trained athletes?
• Research Question: How does eccentric resistance training influence muscle hypertrophy and strength compared to concentric training?

Here, we’ll dive into the mental aspects of sports . We’ll look at what motivates athletes, how they handle stress, and the dynamics of teamwork. It’s all about getting into the right mindset for peak performance.

• Research Question: How does goal setting influence motivation levels and performance outcomes in young athletes?
• Research Question: How do intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors affect the performance of collegiate basketball players?
• Research Question: How do coach-athlete relationships influence the motivation and performance of high school athletes?

Anxiety and Stress Management

• Research Question: How effective are mindfulness-based interventions in reducing competitive anxiety in elite athletes?
• Research Question: How do different stress management techniques affect the performance and anxiety levels of competitive tennis players?
• Research Question: How do pre-competition routines influence anxiety levels and performance in competitive gymnasts?

Team Dynamics

• Research Question: How does team cohesion affect the performance and success of youth soccer teams?
• Research Question: How do different leadership styles of coaches affect team dynamics and performance in collegiate volleyball teams?
• Research Question: How do communication patterns and conflict resolution strategies impact team effectiveness in professional sports teams?

In Biomechanics, we’re going to investigate the mechanics of movement in sports. We’ll analyze how athletes move, how they can prevent injuries, and how equipment design plays a role in their performance. Get ready to see sports from a whole new angle!

Movement Analysis

• Research Question: How do high-bar and low-bar squat techniques differ in terms of biomechanical variables and muscle activation?
• Research Question: What are the key kinematic differences in the tennis serve between players with and without shoulder injuries?
• Research Question: How does different types of footwear affect the gait patterns and injury risk in long-distance runners?

Injury Prevention

• Research Question: How do core stability exercises influence the incidence of lower back injuries in competitive gymnasts?
• Research Question: How effective are neuromuscular training programs in reducing the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes?
• Topic: The Impact of Hamstring Stretching on Injury Prevention in Sprinters
• Research Question: How does a regular hamstring stretching regimen affect the injury rates in competitive sprinters?

Equipment Design

• Research Question: How does running shoe design, including cushioning and heel-to-toe drop, impact injury rates and running performance?
• Research Question: How do custom orthotics influence the biomechanical parameters and injury risk in athletes with flat feet?
• Research Question: How do different helmet designs affect the risk of concussions in American football players?

Next up is Nutrition and Sports Performance. We’ll be looking at how what we eat impacts our energy, recovery, and overall athletic performance. From supplements to hydration, this section covers the fuel behind the athletes.

Dietary Supplements

• Research Question: How does beta-alanine supplementation impact endurance performance and fatigue resistance in cyclists?
• Research Question: How does whey protein supplementation affect muscle recovery and hypertrophy in strength-trained individuals?
• Research Question: How does omega-3 fatty acid supplementation influence inflammation, recovery, and performance in endurance athletes?
• Research Question: How do different hydration strategies during a marathon affect performance and physiological markers of hydration?
• Research Question: How does pre-exercise hydration status influence thermoregulation and performance in athletes exercising in hot conditions?
• Research Question: What are the optimal electrolyte replacement strategies for maintaining performance and preventing hyponatremia in long-distance endurance events?

Energy Systems

• Research Question: How does HIIT impact mitochondrial density and efficiency in skeletal muscle of trained athletes?
• Research Question: How does carbohydrate periodization influence glycogen storage and utilization during endurance exercise?
• Research Question: How does the phosphagen system contribute to energy production during short-duration, high-intensity exercise, and what factors influence its efficiency?

This is where we get into the nitty-gritty of how athletes train to improve their strength, flexibility, and endurance. We’ll explore different training methods and how they translate into better performance.

Periodization

• Research Question: How does block periodization compare to traditional periodization models in improving performance in elite swimmers?
• Research Question: How can periodization strategies be implemented to reduce the risk of overuse injuries in youth athletes?
• Research Question: How does undulating periodization affect strength gains and performance in competitive powerlifters?

Strength and Conditioning

• Research Question: How does a plyometric training program influence sprint performance and agility in elite soccer players?
• Research Question: How does isometric training contribute to maximal strength development in comparison to dynamic resistance training?
• Research Question: How does functional movement training affect the incidence of lower limb injuries in collegiate basketball players?

Flexibility Training

• Research Question: How does dynamic stretching prior to competition affect performance outcomes in track and field athletes?
• Research Question: How does a regular yoga practice influence flexibility, balance, and fall risk in individuals over the age of 65?
• Research Question: How does PNF stretching compare to static stretching in improving hamstring flexibility and range of motion?

In Sports Injury and Rehabilitation, we’ll examine common injuries athletes face and how they recover from them. We’ll look at everything from concussions to overuse injuries and the latest techniques in rehabilitation.

Concussions

• Research Question: How effective are current concussion protocols in preventing and managing concussions in high school athletes?
• Research Question: How does neck strength training impact the risk of concussions in rugby players?
• Research Question: What are the long-term cognitive effects of concussions on former professional football players, and how are they being addressed?

Overuse Injuries

• Research Question: How does overtraining contribute to the incidence of stress fractures in competitive distance runners?
• Research Question: How can biomechanical analysis be used to identify and prevent overuse injuries in tennis players?
• Research Question: What are the most effective prevention strategies for reducing overuse injuries in youth baseball pitchers?

Rehabilitation Techniques

• Research Question: How effective is aquatic therapy in accelerating the rehabilitation process after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction?
• Research Question: How does blood flow restriction training impact muscle strength and recovery in post-operative knee rehabilitation?
• Research Question: How does the use of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation programs influence recovery outcomes for sports-related injuries?

In this part, we’ll tackle the tough questions around doping, gender equality, the pressures faced by young athletes, and other similar social aspects and ethical dilemmas related to sport. In other words – t’s all about understanding the broader impact of sports on society.

• Research Question: What are the psychological motivations behind doping among professional cyclists, and how can they be addressed?
• Research Question: How effective are current anti-doping policies in detecting and deterring doping practices in track and field athletics?
• Research Question: How do doping scandals affect public perception and trust in professional sports?

Gender Equality

• Research Question: How has Title IX impacted gender equality in college sports programs in the United States?
• Research Question: What are the gender disparities in sports sponsorship and media coverage, and how do they affect female athletes?
• Research Question: How do policies regarding transgender athletes impact competitive equity and inclusion in sports?

Youth Sports

• Research Question: How does early specialization in a single sport affect injury rates in youth athletes?
• Research Question: What is the role of parents in youth sports, and how can they balance support and pressure to ensure a positive experience for their children?
• Research Question: How does competitive stress impact the mental health and well-being of adolescent athletes, and what coping strategies can be employed?

In Sports Technology and Innovation, we’re going to explore how advancements in technology are changing the game. From wearable tech to video analysis, we’ll see how innovation is pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in sports.

Wearable Technology

• Research Question: How does the use of wearable technology affect training efficiency and performance outcomes in amateur runners?
• Research Question: How does wearable technology contribute to injury prevention and monitoring in professional soccer players?
• Research Question: How effective are fitness trackers in encouraging physical activity and healthy habits among adolescents?

Video Analysis

• Research Question: How does video analysis influence technique improvement and performance in competitive swimmers?
• Research Question: How does video analysis impact decision-making and strategy development in basketball coaching?
• Research Question: How is video analysis utilized in identifying injury patterns and developing prevention strategies in rugby?

Biometric Monitoring

• Research Question: How does biometric monitoring contribute to performance optimization and personalized training in elite cyclists?
• Research Question: How does biometric monitoring assist in stress management and performance enhancement in competitive e-sports players?
• Research Question: How effective is biometric data in predicting fatigue and preventing overtraining in endurance athletes?

This section is all about how external conditions like altitude, temperature, and air quality affect athletic performance. We’ll delve into how athletes adapt and thrive in different environments .

Altitude Training

• Research Question: How does altitude training influence hemoglobin levels and athletic performance in long-distance runners?
• Research Question: How does natural altitude training compare to simulated altitude training in terms of physiological adaptations and performance outcomes?
• Research Question: How does altitude training affect recovery times and subsequent performance in professional cyclists?

Temperature and Climate

• Research Question: How does training in hot vs. cold climates affect endurance, thermoregulation, and performance outcomes in athletes?
• Research Question: How is climate change affecting the scheduling, safety, and performance of athletes in outdoor sports events?
• Research Question: What are the most effective temperature acclimatization strategies for athletes competing in extreme hot or cold conditions?

Air Pollution

• Research Question: How does exposure to air pollution in urban environments affect respiratory function and running performance?
• Research Question: What strategies can athletes and coaches employ to minimize the impact of air pollution on outdoor training sessions?
• Research Question: What are the long-term effects of air pollution exposure on the respiratory health and performance of marathon runners?

Finally, we have Psychological Well-being in Sports.

Here, we’ll focus on the mental health of athletes, covering topics like mindfulness, body image, and coping with the end of a sports career. It’s all about nurturing the mind as well as the body.

Mindfulness and Meditation

• Research Question: How does mindfulness meditation affect focus, anxiety management, and performance in competitive archers?
• Research Question: How does the implementation of mindfulness programs impact team cohesion, stress levels, and performance in high school sports teams?
• Research Question: How does meditation contribute to the development of mental toughness and resilience in elite athletes?

Body Image and Self-esteem

• Research Question: How do body image perceptions affect self-esteem, confidence, and performance in female gymnasts?
• Research Question: How does athletic identity influence body image and self-esteem in collegiate athletes, and what are the implications for their performance?
• Research Question: How does exposure to social media influence body image and self-esteem in young athletes, and what are the consequences for their mental health and performance?

Coping with Retirement

• Research Question: What are the psychological adjustment processes and coping strategies used by Olympic athletes during their transition to retirement?
• Research Question: How do career transition programs impact the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of retired professional football players?
• Research Question: How do athletes cope with identity crises and psychological challenges following forced retirement due to injury, and what support mechanisms are most effective?

All of these topics and research questions are designed to inspire IB Sports, Exercise, and Health Science students to engage in meaningful and manageable research projects that contribute to their understanding of various aspects of sports science while meeting the IB Extended Essay criteria, format and grading rubric.

Final Words

That wraps up our list of awesome IB SEHS topic ideas for your extended essay! Ready to be in the list of famous IB diploma graduates ? I hope you found some inspiration and are now buzzing with ideas for your research. 

Always remember, the key to a great extended essay is choosing a topic you’re genuinely interested in and passionate about; yes, it might sound easy, but in reality, it’s a much more complex task. 

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Moreover, keep in mind that if you need expert assistance with IB SEHS EE topic suggestions or writing/editing your final draft, Writing Metier extended essay writing service is always ready to help you out!

So, take your time , pick a topic that resonates with you, and get ready to explore the fascinating world of sports, exercise, and health science. 

Free topic suggestions

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Vasyl Kafidoff is a co-founder and CEO at WritingMetier. He is interested in education and how modern technology makes it more accessible. He wants to bring awareness about new learning possibilities as an educational specialist. When Vasy is not working, he’s found behind a drum kit.

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Extended Essay Writers

85+ Creative Topic Ideas for IB ESS Extended Essay

Luke MacQuoid

The IB Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS) Extended Essay is an opportunity for students to explore a topic of their choice within the field of environmental science. The extended essay is a challenging and rewarding task, requiring in-depth research and critical thinking skills. However, choosing an ESS extended essay topic can be daunting. 

Are you ready to embark on an exciting and rewarding exploration journey in environmental science? The IB ESS Extended Essay is your chance to delve into a topic of your choice and showcase your research and critical thinking skills.

Choosing an environmental system and society topic for your extended essay can be daunting, but fear not! We have compiled a list of interesting and engaging ideas to inspire you in your quest for the perfect ESS extended essay topic. 

From the impact of urban agriculture on the environment to the ethics of conservation, these topics are sure to spark your interest and ignite your passion for environmental science.

With the world facing complex environmental challenges, there has never been a more important time to explore the science of sustainability. By selecting an ESS extended essay topic that aligns with your interests and the key concepts covered in the ESS course, you can contribute to our understanding of these challenges and showcase your skills as a researcher and academic writer .

So, grab your notepad and get ready to embark on a journey of discovery. The ESS extended essay is your chance to make a difference and contribute to a better future for our planet.

How to Invent a Good IB ESS topic?

Inventing a good ESS EE topic requires careful consideration of the key concepts and topics covered in the ESS course. Here are some tips to help you invent a good ESS EE topic:

1. Identify your interests

Choose a topic that you are interested in and passionate about. This will make the research process more enjoyable and motivating.

2. Choose a specific research question

Narrow down your topic to a specific research question that can be answered through research and data analysis. A good research question should be clear, specific, and answerable.

3. Consider the key concepts and topics covered in the ESS course

Ensure that your research question is relevant to the key concepts and topics covered in the ESS course. These include, but are not limited to, sustainability, ecosystems, biodiversity, pollution, climate change, and resource use.

4. Conduct preliminary research

Before finalizing your research question, conduct some preliminary research to ensure that there is enough information available to answer your question. This will also help you to refine your research question and identify potential data sources.

5. Consider the feasibility of data collection

Ensure that the data required to answer your research question is feasible to collect. This includes considering data availability, the time needed to collect data, and any ethical considerations related to data collection.

6. Consult with your ESS supervisor

Your ESS teacher can provide valuable guidance and feedback on your research question and extended essay topic. They can also help you identify potential data sources and provide guidance on data analysis.

Overall, inventing a good ESS extended essay topic requires careful consideration of your interests, the key concepts and topics covered in the ESS course, and the feasibility of data collection. 

With a clear research question and a well-planned research methodology, you can produce an IB EE demonstrating your understanding of environmental science and your ability to conduct research and data analysis.

List of IB ESS EE Topic Ideas

Here are some creative ideas to inspire your ESS extended essay topic:

Urban Agriculture: The Impact of Community Gardens on Urban Environments 

This topic explores the role of community gardens in urban environments. Students can investigate urban agriculture’s environmental, social, and economic benefits and the potential for these practices to mitigate urban environmental problems.

The Effect of Climate Change on Ocean Acidification 

This topic delves into the impact of climate change on ocean acidification, a process whereby carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, reducing the pH level of the water. Students can investigate the effect of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems and the potential for mitigation strategies to address this issue.

The Environmental Impact of Industrial Agriculture 

This topic explores the environmental impact of industrial agriculture, including the use of pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals. Students can investigate the ecological, economic, and social consequences of industrial agriculture and the potential for alternative food systems.

The Ethics of Conservation: Balancing Human Needs with Environmental Protection 

This topic delves into conservation ethics, exploring the tension between human needs and environmental protection. Students can investigate the role of conservation in society, and the potential for ethical frameworks to guide conservation efforts.

The Impact of Air Pollution on Public Health 

This topic explores the impact of air pollution on public health, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Students can investigate the sources of air pollution, the distribution of pollution across urban areas, and the potential for policy solutions to mitigate the health impacts of air pollution.

The Intersection of Environmental Justice and Climate Change 

This topic explores the intersection of environmental justice and climate change, examining the disproportionate impact of climate change on marginalized communities. Students can investigate the political, social, and economic factors contributing to environmental injustice and the potential for policy solutions to address these issues.

The Role of Renewable Energy in Sustainable Development 

This topic delves into the role of renewable energy in sustainable development, exploring the potential for renewable energy sources to mitigate climate change and promote social and economic development. Students can investigate the technological, economic, and political barriers to the widespread adoption of renewable energy, and the potential for policy solutions to promote a transition to a renewable energy future.

The Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Marine Ecosystems 

This topic explores the impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems, including the physical, chemical, and biological consequences. Students can investigate the sources of plastic pollution, the distribution of plastic waste across the ocean, and the potential for policy solutions to address this issue.

The Effects of Deforestation on Biodiversity Conservation 

This ESS topic delves into the impact of deforestation on biodiversity conservation, exploring the ecological, social, and economic consequences of deforestation. Students can investigate the drivers of deforestation, the impacts on local communities and biodiversity, and the potential for policy solutions to promote forest conservation.

The Implications of Energy Use on Climate Change 

This IA topic explores the implications of energy use on climate change, examining the role of fossil fuels in global greenhouse gas emissions. IB students can investigate the potential for renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the challenges associated with transitioning to a low-carbon economy.

The Intersection of Water Resources and Climate Change 

This topic explores the intersection of water resources and climate change, examining the impact of climate change on water availability, quality, and management. Students can investigate the potential for adaptive water management strategies to address climate change impacts, and the challenges associated with implementing such strategies.

The Role of Environmental Education in Promoting Sustainability 

This topic delves into the role of environmental education in promoting sustainability, exploring the potential for education to promote behavior change and sustainable practices. Students can investigate the effectiveness of environmental education programs, the challenges associated with implementing such programs, and the potential for innovative solutions.

The Impacts of Urbanization on Natural Ecosystems 

This ESS topic explores the impacts of urbanization on natural ecosystems, examining the ecological, social, and economic consequences of urbanization. Students can investigate the drivers of urbanization, the effects on local ecosystems and biodiversity, and the potential for policy solutions to promote sustainable urban development.

The Intersection of Food Security and Climate Change 

This IA ESS topic explores the intersection of food security and climate change, examining the impact of climate change on food production, distribution, and access. Students can investigate the potential for adaptive agricultural strategies to address climate change impacts, and the challenges associated with implementing such strategies.

The Implications of Soil Degradation on Agricultural Production

This topic delves into the implications of soil degradation on agricultural production, exploring the ecological, social, and economic consequences of soil degradation. Students can investigate the drivers of soil degradation, the impacts on local communities and food security, and the potential for soil conservation strategies to address this issue.

The Role of Ecotourism in Promoting Conservation 

This ESS topic explores the role of ecotourism in promoting conservation, examining the potential for ecotourism to support local communities, promote conservation, and mitigate negative impacts on natural ecosystems. Students can investigate the effectiveness of ecotourism initiatives, the challenges associated with implementing such initiatives, and the potential for innovative solutions.

The Impacts of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Services 

This topic explores the impacts of land use change on ecosystem services, examining the ecological, social, and economic consequences of changes in land use. Students can investigate the drivers of land use change, the impacts on local communities and ecosystem services, and the potential for policy solutions to promote sustainable land use practices.

The Intersection of Air Pollution and Climate Change 

This topic explores the intersection of air pollution and climate change, examining the impacts of air pollution on climate change and the impacts of climate change on air quality. Students can investigate the sources of air pollution, the distribution of pollution across urban areas, and the potential for policy solutions to address this issue.

The Role of Green Infrastructure in Urban Resilience 

This IA topic delves into the role of green infrastructure in urban resilience, exploring the potential for green infrastructure to mitigate the impacts of climate change, reduce urban heat island effects, and promote biodiversity conservation. Students can investigate the effectiveness of green infrastructure initiatives, the challenges associated with implementing such initiatives, and the potential for innovative solutions.

The Implications of Human Population Growth on the Environment

This topic explores the implications of human population growth on the environment, examining the ecological, social, and economic consequences of population growth. Students can investigate the drivers of population growth, the impacts on natural ecosystems and biodiversity, and the potential for policy solutions to promote sustainable population growth.

The Intersection of Gender and Environmental Issues

This ESS IA topic explores the intersection of gender and environmental issues, examining the differential impacts of environmental degradation on women and men. In addition, students can investigate the potential for gender-sensitive environmental policies and programs to promote environmental sustainability and social justice.

The Impacts of Environmental Migration on Sustainable Development

This topic delves into the impacts of environmental migration on sustainable development, exploring the social, economic, and environmental consequences of forced displacement due to environmental degradation and climate change. Moreover, IB students can investigate the potential for policies and programs to support environmental migrants and promote sustainable development.

The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Environmental Management 

This topic explores the role of indigenous knowledge in environmental management, examining the potential for traditional ecological knowledge to inform environmental policy and management practices. Students can investigate the challenges associated with integrating indigenous knowledge into mainstream environmental management, and the potential for innovative solutions.

The Implications of Waste Management on Environmental Sustainability 

This topic explores the implications of waste management on environmental sustainability, examining the social, economic, and environmental consequences of waste generation, disposal, and recycling. Students can investigate the potential for waste reduction and circular economy strategies to promote sustainable waste management.

The Intersection of Sustainable Development and Human Rights

This topic explores the intersection of sustainable development and human rights, examining the potential for environmental sustainability and social justice to be mutually reinforcing. Students can investigate the challenges associated with balancing economic development, environmental protection, and human rights, and the potential for innovative solutions.

The Impacts of Natural Resource Extraction on Local Communities 

This topic delves into the impacts of natural resource extraction on local communities, exploring the social, economic, and environmental consequences of extractive industries such as mining, oil and gas, and logging. Students can investigate the potential for policies and programs to promote responsible resource extraction and support affected communities.

The Role of Citizen Science in Environmental Monitoring

This IA topic explores the role of citizen science in environmental monitoring, examining the potential for community-based monitoring initiatives to complement traditional scientific monitoring methods. Students can investigate the effectiveness of citizen science initiatives, the challenges associated with implementing such endeavors, and the potential for innovative solutions.

Select Your Topic and Start Writing an IB ESS EE

As you begin your exploration of environmental science through the IB ESS Extended Essay, remember that this is more than just an academic exercise. It is a chance to make a tangible impact on the world around us.

Need help with your ESS extended essay?

You can also use our extended essay writers team’s services if you need assistance selecting a topic . Furthermore, we can also help you write your extended essay from scratch or edit your draft following the IB criteria.

By selecting an ESS topic that excites you, conducting extensive research, and carefully analyzing your data, you can make a valuable contribution to our understanding of the complex environmental challenges we face.

NEW IB ESS EE Topic Ideas

We want to also give you more options:

Here are three topics and research questions for each subcategory in IB Environmental Systems and Societies , designed to meet the IB Extended Essay criteria:

Climate Change

Let’s kick off with Climate Change, where we examine how global warming is reshaping our planet. This section invites us to think critically about the changes occurring and consider sustainable solutions for the future.

Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity

• Research Question: How does climate change contribute to the frequency and severity of coral reef bleaching events?
• Research Question: How have migratory patterns of bird species been affected by climate change in the last decade?
• Research Question: How does climate change facilitate the expansion of invasive species in temperate ecosystems?

Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change

• Research Question: How effective are carbon offsetting initiatives in reducing the carbon footprint of the aviation industry?
• Research Question: To what extent do urban green spaces contribute to mitigating climate change in densely populated areas?
• Research Question: What are the barriers to adopting renewable energy sources in developing countries, and how can they be overcome?

Climate Change and Human Health

• Research Question: How do heatwaves exacerbated by climate change impact the health of urban populations?
• Research Question: How has the distribution of vector-borne diseases shifted due to climate change?
• Research Question: What is the relationship between climate change and food security in sub-Saharan Africa?

Moving on from the atmospheric shifts of climate change, we turn our attention to the lifeblood of our planet: water. In the Water Resources section, we’ll explore the challenges related to scarcity, quality, and management of this essential resource.

Water Resources

Welcome to Water Resources, where we dive into issues surrounding the availability and purity of water. Here, we’ll investigate sustainable practices to ensure access for everyone and maintain healthy ecosystems.

Water Scarcity and Conservation

• Research Question: Which water conservation techniques are most effective in arid regions for sustainable agriculture?
• Research Question: To what extent can desalination alleviate water scarcity in coastal cities?
• Research Question: How effective is rainwater harvesting in reducing water scarcity in urban areas?

Water Quality and Pollution

• Research Question: What are the impacts of agricultural runoff on the biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems?
• Research Question: How does plastic pollution affect the water quality and aquatic life in major rivers?
• Research Question: What are the long-term effects of industrial effluents on water quality in developing countries?

Sustainable Water Management

• Research Question: How effective is integrated water resource management in balancing ecological and human water needs in river basins?
• Research Question: What sustainable irrigation practices can be implemented to reduce water usage in agriculture?
• Research Question: How do community-based water management initiatives contribute to sustainable water use in rural areas?

From the flowing waters, we shift gears to the dynamic world of Energy Resources. This next section focuses on the balance between fulfilling our energy demands and reducing environmental impacts.

Energy Resources

In Energy Resources, we explore the complexities of powering our world. From harnessing renewable sources to understanding the repercussions of fossil fuels, this area challenges us to envision a sustainable energy future.

Renewable Energy Solutions

• Research Question: What is the potential of solar energy as a sustainable power source in tropical regions?
• Research Question: What are the ecological impacts of wind energy farms on local ecosystems?
• Research Question: How sustainable is geothermal energy as an alternative energy source?

Impact of Fossil Fuels on the Environment

• Research Question: What are the long-term effects of oil spills on marine biodiversity in coastal regions?
• Research Question: How does coal mining contribute to land degradation and habitat loss?
• Research Question: What are the health impacts of air pollution from fossil fuel power plants on nearby communities?

Energy Efficiency and Conservation

• Research Question: How effective are energy-efficient building designs in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions?
• Research Question: To what extent does the expansion of public transportation systems contribute to energy conservation in urban areas?
• Research Question: What are the main factors influencing household energy consumption patterns in developed countries?

Next up, we delve into the vibrant realm of Biodiversity and Conservation, where we’ll celebrate the diversity of life and examine the efforts to protect it.

Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversity and Conservation is all about appreciating and safeguarding the variety of life on Earth. Here, we’ll look at the threats facing biodiversity and the strategies in place to preserve our natural world.

Habitat Loss and Fragmentation

• Research Question: How does deforestation affect biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest?
• Research Question: What are the effects of urban expansion on wildlife habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss?
• Research Question: How does the conversion of natural habitats to agricultural land affect biodiversity in rural areas?

Invasive Species and Ecosystems

• Research Question: What is the impact of invasive plant species on the biodiversity and functioning of wetland ecosystems?
• Research Question: How effective is biological control in managing invasive species populations and protecting native biodiversity?
• Research Question: How does climate change facilitate the spread of invasive species and impact native ecosystems?

Conservation Strategies for Endangered Species

• Research Question: How effective are protected areas in conserving endangered species and their habitats?
• Research Question: What is the role of community involvement in successful wildlife conservation projects for endangered species?
• Research Question: How can conservation genetics contribute to the recovery and management of endangered species populations?

From the wonders of the natural world, we move to the human-made challenges in Pollution and Waste Management. In this section, we’ll tackle the issues of pollution and discover approaches to manage waste effectively.

Pollution and Waste Management

Pollution and Waste Management addresses the consequences of our consumption and explores ways to lessen our environmental footprint. It’s a crucial area for ensuring a cleaner, healthier planet.

Plastic Pollution in Marine Environments

• Research Question: How do microplastics enter ocean food chains and what are the potential health impacts on marine species?
• Research Question: What are the most effective strategies to reduce plastic pollution in coastal areas and protect marine life?
• Research Question: How does public awareness and behavior change regarding plastic use impact the reduction of plastic pollution in marine environments?

Air Quality and Urban Pollution

• Research Question: How do urban green spaces contribute to improving air quality and reducing pollution in cities?
• Research Question: What is the impact of traffic congestion on air quality in major urban centers?
• Research Question: What are the main sources of indoor air pollution in urban homes, and what are the associated health risks?

Sustainable Waste Management Practices

• Research Question: How effective are zero waste initiatives in reducing waste generation and promoting sustainability in urban communities?
• Research Question: What are the environmental impacts of e-waste recycling, and how can it be improved for sustainability?
• Research Question: How effective are composting programs in urban settings in reducing organic waste and contributing to soil health?

Leaving behind the topic of waste, we now focus on the origin of our sustenance in Agriculture and Food Systems. Here, we’ll examine the environmental aspects of food production and consumption.

Agriculture and Food Systems

In Agriculture and Food Systems, we investigate the connection between farming practices and environmental sustainability. It’s an opportunity to consider how we can nourish the world while protecting our planet.

Sustainable Agriculture Practices

• Research Question: How does agroforestry contribute to sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation?
• Research Question: What is the impact of organic farming practices on soil health and crop yield compared to conventional farming?
• Research Question: How effective are water-saving irrigation techniques in improving agricultural sustainability in arid regions?

Impact of Pesticides on the Environment

• Research Question: What are the effects of pesticide runoff on aquatic ecosystems and water quality?
• Research Question: What are the most effective alternatives to chemical pesticides in integrated pest management?
• Research Question: How do neonicotinoid pesticides affect pollinator populations and what are the implications for ecosystem services?

Food Security and Climate Change

• Research Question: What are the most effective climate change adaptation strategies for smallholder farmers to ensure food security?
• Research Question: How do extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, impact food production and food security?
• Research Question: How does urban agriculture contribute to food security and nutrition in developing countries?

Finally, we’ll contemplate the broader context of Human Population and Environment , looking at how our growing numbers interact with the natural world.

Human Population and Environment

Human Population and Environment is where we reflect on the relationship between people and the planet. It’s a space that challenges us to consider how we can coexist with the environment as our global population continues to expand.

Urbanization and Environmental Impact

• Research Question: How can sustainable urban planning practices contribute to environmental conservation in rapidly growing cities?
• Research Question: What is the environmental footprint of megacities, and how can it be reduced?
• Research Question: How does green infrastructure contribute to urban resilience and environmental sustainability?

Ecological Footprint and Sustainability

• Research Question: What strategies can be implemented to reduce the ecological footprint of college campuses?
• Research Question: How do lifestyle changes, such as diet and transportation choices, impact an individual’s ecological footprint?
• Research Question: How are corporations implementing sustainability practices to reduce their ecological footprint?

Population Growth and Natural Resources

• Research Question: What is the impact of population growth on the availability and sustainability of water resources?
• Research Question: How does population growth contribute to land use changes and habitat loss?
• Research Question: What is the relationship between population growth and energy consumption, and how can it be managed sustainably?

All of these topics and research questions are designed to inspire IB Environmental Systems and Societies students to engage in meaningful and manageable research projects that contribute to their understanding of complex environmental issues while meeting the IB Extended Essay criteria.

Final thoughts

The ESS extended essay offers a unique opportunity to express your creativity and ingenuity as you tackle some of our time’s most pressing environmental issues. With a bit of imagination and hard work, you can produce an extended essay that not only showcases your academic skills but also has the potential to make a positive difference in the world.

So, let your passion for the environment guide you as you explore the many fascinating topics within the field of environmental science. Whether you choose to examine the impact of urbanization on natural ecosystems or the role of environmental education in promoting sustainability, your ESS extended essay has the potential to inspire change and make a lasting impact on the world. 

With the right research question, you will surely guarantee that your EE will pass and will never lead to failing grade .

Remember, the future of our planet is in our hands, and through the ESS extended essay, you have the power to shape it for the better.

Luke MacQuoid has extensive experience teaching English as a foreign language in Japan, having worked with students of all ages for over 12 years. Currently, he is teaching at the tertiary level. Luke holds a BA from the University of Sussex and an MA in TESOL from Lancaster University, both located in England. As well to his work as an IB Examiner and Master Tutor, Luke also enjoys sharing his experiences and insights with others through writing articles for various websites, including extendedessaywriters.com blog

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Extended Essay: Sciences: Sports, Exercise, and Health Sciences

• Step 1 - Choosing a Subject
• Step 2 - Choosing a Topic
• Step 3 - Draft a Research Question
• Step 4 - Finding Sources
• Step 5 - Evaluating Information
• Step 6 - Bibliography & Citation
• Step 7 - Organizing Information
• The Arts: Visual Arts
• Individuals & Societies: Business Management
• Individuals & Societies: History
• Individuals & Societies: Psychology
• Language Acquisition
• Language and Literature
• Sciences: Biology
• Sciences: Sports, Exercise, and Health Sciences
• Interdisciplinary Papers: World Studies
• Assessment Criteria
• Research Questions
• Investigation

Extended Essays in Sports, Exercise, and Health Sciences

Choosing a Topic

All EEs in the sciences should begin with at least one hypothesis based on their research question. An extended essay in sports, exercise, and health sciences  covers a wide range of topics from human physiology to biomechanics. It is an applied science course so an EE in this subject must investigate a sporting or health-related issue using the principles of science .

Extended essays in sports, exercise, and health sciences must have a clear SEHS emphasis. This incorporates knowledge from a variety of fields, in particular biology, chemistry, physics and psychology, but the essay must focus on human health and performance in relation to sport and exercise.

The topic must allow for an approach that relates specifically to:

• human performance in sport or exercise, or
• an understanding of the role of exercise or nutrition in improving or maintaining health and managing disease.

Approaches to Research

Research in SEHS

Then, a student will conduct either primary or secondary research to test their hypothesis by collecting some kind of data. By analyzing their findings a student should be able to find a scientific answer to their research question.

Sports Exercise and Health Sciences Sources

Sports, Exercise, and Health Sciences Sources

Even students doing primary research will still need to reference secondary sources. And students relying entirely on secondary sources will need to find sources not only of written information but also experimental data which they can analyze.

Writing the Essay

An essay in the sciences requires is more than just generating and presenting data. Analysis of the data is also essential. The main body of the essay should consist of an argument or evaluation based on the data or information presented . You can gather your own data through a variety of methods, or rely on secondary data. You should use graphs, tables, or diagrams to point out the significance of your findings.

You should ensure that the main body of the essay is well structured and has an obvious logical progression. You can use numbered and headed paragraphs to impose a clear structure. Your evaluation should show that you understand the the data they have collected and its significance to the world.

In your analysis, you should also describe and explain the limitations imposed on the research by factors such as

• the suitability and reliability of the sources accessed
• accuracy and precision of measuring equipment
• sample size
• validity and reliability of statistics

Students  should also consider biological limitations such as:

• those arising from the problem of repeatability and control when using living material
• the difficulties of generalizing from research based on a single type of organism or environment.

Exceptions for Safety and Academic Honesty

Safety and Ethics in Choosing a Topic

In all cases where human subjects are used as the basis for an investigation, clear evidence of informed consent must be provided in accordance with the IB guidelines.

Some topics may be inadmissible because their means of investigation are unethical. For example, investigations that:

• are based on experiments likely to inflict pain on, or cause stress to, living organisms
• are likely to have a harmful effect on health, eg culturing micro-organisms at or near body temperature (37°C)
• involve access to, or publication of, confidential medical information.

Some topics may be unsuitable because of safety issues. Adequate safety apparatus and qualified supervision is required for experiments involving dangerous substances such as:

• toxic or dangerous chemicals
• carcinogenic substances
• radioactive materials.

Other topics may be unsuitable because the outcome is already well known and documented in standard textbooks.

Assessed Student Work

• A study of the effects of Mindfulness Meditation Therapy (MMT) on accuracy in competitive 10 metre Air Pistol Shooting
• What can influence a better reaction time in martial artists?
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World Studies Extended Essay: Global Themes

• Introduction
• Getting Started
• Global Themes
• Interdisciplinary Research
• What Makes Up a "Discipline"?
• Evaluating the Insights of Academic Disciplines
• Multiple Forms of Integration
• Evaluating Your Essay
• Common Stumbling Blocks
• Examples of Globally Conscious Students

World Studies Global Themes

Conflict, peace, and security Culture, language, and identity Environmental and/or economic sustainability Equality and inequality Health and development Science, technology and society

Conflict, peace, and security

Culture, language, and identity

Environmental and/or economic sustainability

Equality and inequality

Health and development

Science, technology and society

WSEE Documents

WSEE Subject Guide and worksheets

• IB EE Subject Guide - World Studies, 2018
• Making Meaningful Connections Use this worksheet to help you think about your research plans: the concepts or methods your will be using, the global topic you're focusing on, and the academic disciplines you will be using.

RRS (Researcher's Reflection Space)

• Sample Prompts for the WSEE RRS What should you write in your RRS? Use these questions and prompts to help you think through the various stages of the research for your WSEE: your initial ideas, your thoughts and reflections during the process, and your conclusions.
• RRS Example B - World Studies

RPPF (Researcher's Planning and Progress Form) examples:

• RPPF Example 5 - World Studies
• RPPF Example 7 - World Studies

IB Extended Essay Guide & Timeline

Check the Extended Essay guide for specific guidance on completing the various steps in the research and writing process of the EE, and  these documents:

Quick Links

NoodleTools Links

The librarian is always happy to help you!

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IB CompSci Hub

Extended Essay

Extended Essays in Computer Science are not easy to do. Computer Science is counted as an experimental science by the IB and thus requires you to do some kind of experiment in the realm of computer science and then report your findings.

As so few students attempt a CS EE every year, coming up with a ‘good’ CS EE topic will be half your struggle.

IB guidance on EEs

General IB Extended Essay

Specific IB EE Guidance on Computer Science

Topic guidance for Computer Science

EE mark scheme (new)

EE mark scheme guidance

EE mark scheme guidance (specifically for Computer Science)

RPPF form (must be included in final submission)

Examples of Topics 

Below are some examples of what topics our students have been doing recently (including the grade they received from the IB). Obviously, you cannot take any of these topics as it would flag as cheating; they are posted to give you an idea of the TYPE of topic that gets a good grade.

Past essays  

Because of plagiarism concerns, we cannot share any essays from past students on this site, but you are welcome to visit LD Anderson’s CS EE world site:  CS EE World

World Studies Extended Essay

World studies was first proposed by the United World College of Mahindra in 2001 and was eventually set up as an extended essay pilot option in 2005. The development of the world studies extended essay pilot has been underpinned by extensive academic research and development. IB staff have worked closely with both teachers in the pilot schools and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Project Zero Interdisciplinary Studies Project, to develop this exciting extended essay option.

A world studies extended essay must focus on a topic of global significance. This encourages the student to reflect on the world today in relation to issues such as the global food crisis, climate change, terrorism, energy security, migration, global health, technology and cultural exchange.

The student should then explore how their chosen issue may be illustrated in a local context or contexts using specific examples of a small scale, local phenomenon; in this way the student is linking the local to the global.

As the approach is interdisciplinary explaining the topic through the lens of more than one discipline, students should develop a clear rationale for taking an interdisciplinary approach, selecting the IB disciplines through which they plan to explore the topic. The process of researching and writing the world studies extended essay develops international-mindedness and specifically the concept of global consciousness. This concept encompasses three distinct strands:

• global sensitivity - a sensitivity to local phenomena and experiences as expressions of developments on the planet
• global understanding - the capacity to think in flexible and informed ways about issues of global significance
• global self - a developing perception of self as a global actor and member of humanity, capable of making a positive contribution to the world.

US IB Environmental Systems and Societies: ESS Extended Essay

• ESS Extended Essay
• Criterion Overview
• Criterion A: Focus and method
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding
• Criterion C: Critical thinking
• Criterion D: Presentation
• Criterion E: Engagement

B: Knowledge and understanding

This criterion assesses the extent to which the research relates to the subject area/discipline used to explore the research question; or in the case of the world studies extended essay, the issue addressed and the two disciplinary perspectives applied; and additionally, the way in which this knowledge and understanding is demonstrated through the use of appropriate terminology and concepts.

• Have you explained how your research question relates to a specific subject you selected for the extended essay?
• Have you used relevant terminology and concepts throughout your essay as they relate to your particular area of research?
• Is it clear that the sources you are using are relevant and appropriate to your research question?
• Do you have a range of sources, or have you only relied on one particular type, for example internet sources?
• Is there a reason why you might not have a range? Is this justified?

C: Critical thinking

This criterion assesses the extent to which critical thinking skills have been used to analyze and evaluate the research undertaken.

• Have you made links between your results and data collected and your research question?
• If you included data or information that is not directly related to your research question have you explained its importance?
• Are your conclusions supported by your data?
• If you found unexpected information or data have you discussed its importance?
• Have you provided a critical evaluation of the methods you selected?
• Have you considered the reliability of your sources (peer-reviewed journals, internet, and so on)?
• Have you mentioned and evaluated the significance of possible errors that may have occurred in your research?
• Are all your suggestions of errors or improvements relevant?
• Have you evaluated your research question?
• Have you compared your results or findings with any other sources?
• Is there an argument that is clear and easy to follow and directly linked to answering your research question, and which is supported by evidence?

D: Presentation

This criterion assesses the extent to which the presentation follows the standard format expected for academic writing and the extent to which this aids effective communication.

• Have you read and understood the presentation requirements of the extended essay?
• Have you chosen a font that will be easy for examiners to read on-screen?
• Is your essay double-spaced and size 12 font?
• Are the title and research question mentioned on the cover page?
• Are all pages numbered?
• Have you prepared a correct table of contents?
• Do the page numbers in the table of contents match the page numbers in the text?
• Is your essay subdivided into correct sub-sections, if this is applicable to the subject?
• Are all figures and tables properly numbered and labelled?
• Does your bibliography contain only the sources cited in the text?
• Did you use the same reference system throughout the essay?
• Does the essay have less than 4,000 words?
• Is all the material presented in the appendices relevant and necessary?
• Have you proofread the text for spelling or grammar errors?

E. Engagement

This criterion assesses the student’s engagement with their research focus and the research process. It will be applied by the examiner at the end of the assessment of the essay, after considering the students RPPF.

• Have you demonstrated your engagement with your research topic and the research process?
• Have you highlighted challenges you faced and how you overcame them?
• Will the examiner get a sense of your intellectual and skills development?
• Will the examiner get a sense of your creativity and intellectual initiative?
• Will the examiner get a sense of how you responded to actions and ideas in the research process?
• IB ESS Extended Essay Guide
• World Studies Extended Essay Guide
• World Studies
• Example A: Turtle Conservation
• Example A: Marks
• Example B: Economics of Wolves
• Example B Marks
• Example A: Wildlife Trafficking in China

Using the systems approach

The systems approach is a central theme in ESS. The essay should include an attempt to model, at least partially, the system or systems in question.

The term “model” in this context includes, for example:

• mathematical formulas
• graphical representations
• flow diagrams

Students should use  ESS terminology , where appropriate.

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