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What ecological issues have resulted from human impact on the Earth?

How much land to we have to produce our food?

• 3/4 - Oceans of the world
• 1/8 - Inhospitable to people
• (polar areas, deserts, swamps, very high or rocky mountains, etc)
• Last 1/8 - Where people can live
• 3/32 - Areas too wet, too rocky, too cold, too steep, or with too poor soil to produce food
• 1/32 - Peel….Surface of Earth (topsoil)
• Less than 5’ deep

Due to erosion and over-farming, we lose 25 billion tons of it per year. It takes 100 years for one inch of topsoil to form!

• Industries put off sulfur dioxide or nitrous oxides into the atmosphere.
• These combine with H2O….

to create sulfuric acid or nitric acid!

• Tears apart limestone buildings, monuments and statues…..
• Limestone and marble contain calcium carbonate and when mixed with acid rain becomes……gypsum
• Gypsum dissolves in H2O
• Gets into water and soil….
• Plants and animals die!

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Air Pollution and Acid Rain

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How many times will life remind us that we only have one planet Earth? Air pollution is a critical issue that has a significant impact on our environment and health. One of the most damaging consequences of air pollution is acid rain, which can cause damage to trees, crops, and waterways. The meaning of this is a serious one, so wait no more to raise awareness about this issue. For a better result, get our template and prepare a slideshow that is informative and visual. The slides have dark orange backgrounds, with some illustrations of dead trees and smoking chimneys. If that's not a visual metaphor, we don't know what else is.

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Presentation on theme: "Acid rain."— Presentation transcript:

Section #3: Acid Precipitation

Acids in the Atmosphere - Unit 4C Unit 4.C. 1 Acid Rain.

Ozone Holes – Page 457 Global Warming – Page 649 Acid Rain – Page 481.

Acid Rain Eric Battisti ESS 315. Acid Deposition Acid Rain refers to the deposition of acidic components in either wet or dry forms Defined by the pH.

ACID RAIN. Do Now What does pH scale measure? What pH value is considered “neutral”? Which pH values are “acidic”? Which pH values are “basic” or “alkaline”?

Section 3: Acid Precipitation

© Oxford University Press 2008 Many power stations burn coal containing sulfur. The sulfur reacts with oxygen and produces acidic sulfur oxides. 5.7 Acid.

ACID PRECIPITATION. What is acid precipitation? Precipitation with a pH of less than 5.6 Precipitation with a pH of less than 5.6 Normal precipitation.

What Causes Acid Precipitation?

Acid Rain 8A1 Thursday 11 December Learning Intentions  At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:  Describe how acid rain is formed  Identify.

Any harmful substances that can buildup in the air to unhealthy levels

Neutralization Reactions & Environment

Bellringer. Acid precipitation is precipitation, such as rain, sleet, or snow, that contains a high concentration of acids, often because of the pollution.

Acid Rain environmental problem

12-3 Acid Precipitation Page 314.

Th pH scale What should be written in the three boxes?

Coal Mines & The Effects They Produce Tyler Morin & Holly Schwichtenburg.

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Acid Rain - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ACID RAIN How does it form? Where is this a problem? What does it do to ecosystems and people? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

• How does it form?
• Where is this a problem?
• What does it do to ecosystems and people?
• SO3 H2O ? H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
• NOx H2O ? 2HNO3 (nitric acid)
• These are two forms (flavors) of acid deposition.
• CO2 H2O ? H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
• Normal rain is always slightly acidic!
• THIS IS NOT ACID RAIN!!!
• THIS IS NOT POLLUTION!!!!
• Acid rain lt pH 5.6
• Second page acid rain
• Draw the same atmosphere layers, sources, andtalkie bubbles in blue or black
• Add precursors for acid rain in the bubbles in RED.
• Copy the two acid rain equations in the troposphere in RED. Which equation should you NOT add in?
• Direct damage to leaves and roots
• Weak trees are susceptible to insects and disease
• Loss of biodiversity
• Range of tolerance
• Jelly-like fish eggs broken down
• Acidity denatures enzymes
• Acid shock sudden increase in acidity, often in spring can cause fish kills
• Aluminum ions (Al3) are released from lake bed, suffocating fish
• Below pH4.5, lakes devoid of fish
• Marble and limestone
• Acid breaks down these basic materials
• Statue of liberty
• Loss of artistic detail in Acropolis
• Contributes to bronchitis and asthma
• How does acid rain form?
• What is the pH of acid rain?
• Why is rain normally acidic?
• Why is this a bigger problem on the East Coast than here?
• Why is acid rain like AIDS for plants?
• Why are there more significant effects on aquatic systems than on terrestrial systems?
• Solutions to Air pollution
• Pollution prevention (dont create the primary pollutants in the first place)
• Pollution clean up (now that theyre in the environment, lets mitigate the effects)
• Emissions trading policy (Cap and Trade) stationary pollution sources can buy, sell and trade the right to pollute.
• This policy ONLY exists in the US for SOx right now.
• (CO2 cap and trade just started in California 2012!)
• Using less gas fewer combustion pollutants
• Hybrids use friction from breaking to charge electric battery regenerative breaking
• Computer switches engine from gas to electricity.
• Burn low-sulfur coal from Western US
• Gasification turns solid coal to gas before it is burned fewer particulates, SOx
• Spot the pipe which adds the limestone solution to the stream!
• I clean air
• Which of these can YOU do TODAY? ?

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General concepts on. ACID RAIN. Tareq Bin Azir Lecturer- Department of Chemistry Government Titumir College Dhaka [email protected]. Contents:. Definition Sources Formation Deposition Affected Areas Effects Preventive Measures. Definition of Acid Rain.

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Presentation Transcript

General concepts on ACID RAIN Tareq Bin Azir Lecturer- Department of Chemistry Government Titumir College Dhaka [email protected]

Contents: Definition Sources Formation Deposition Affected Areas Effects Preventive Measures

Definition of Acid Rain • Rain water that has a pH of less than that of natural rainwater (<5.6) • It is formed when 1. sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide (SO2 ; SO3) 2. nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide (Nox) gases in the atmosphere, combine with water vapor and precipitate as Sulfuric acid(H2SO4) or Nitric acid(HNO3) • This acidic precipitation then falls to the earth as rain, snow or fog

pH Scale pH = -log[H+]

pH &WATER • Pure water is neutral • Sea water is slightly basic • Normal rainfall is slightly acidic due to carbon dioxide (CO2) mixing with water vapor forming carbonic acid • Acid rain is acidic

Sources of Acid Rain • Natural Sources – • Emissions from volcanoes and biological processes that occur on the land, in wetlands and in the oceans contribute acid-producing gases to the atmosphere • Effects of acidic deposits have been detected in glacial ice thousands of years old in remote parts of the globe

Human Sources of Acid Rain • Industrial factories, power-generating plants and vehicles • Sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen are released during the fuel burning process (i.e. combustion) • Sulfur dioxide accounts for about 90 % of all acid rainfall

Formation of Acid Rain

2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g) SO3(g) + H2O(l)  H2SO4(aq) Formation of Sulfuric Acid(H2SO4) Formation of Nitric Acid(HNO3) 2NO(g) + O2(g)  2NO2(g) 4NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g)  4HNO3(aq)

Acid deposition Wet deposition Wet deposition of acids occurs when any form of precipitation (rain, snow and so on) removes acids from the atmosphere and delivers it to the Earth's surface. This can result from the deposition of acids produced in the raindrops. Dry deposition Acid deposition also occurs via dry deposition in the absence of precipitation. This can be responsible for as much as 20 to 60% of total acid deposition. This occurs when particles and gases stick to the ground, plants or other surfaces.

Effects of Acid Rain • Harmful on aquatic life • Increased acidity in water bodies • Stops eggs of certain organisms (e.g. fish) to stop hatching • Changes population ratios • Affects the ecosystem • Effects on Vegetation • Harmful to vegetation • Increased acidity in soil • Leaches nutrients from soil, slowing plant growth • Leaches toxins from soil, poisoning plants • Creates brown spots in leaves of trees, impeding photosynthesis • Allows organisms to infect through broken leaves

Effects on Buildings and Structures • Marble is particularly susceptible • Accelerates weathering in metal and stone structures • Eg. Parthenon in Athens, Greece; TajMahal in Agra, India • Effects on Human Health • Respiratory problems, asthma, dry coughs, headaches and throat irritations • Brain damage, kidney problems, and Alzheimer's disease has been linked to people eating "toxic" animals/plants

Affected Areas • Acid rain is a problem in Eastern Canada and the Northeastern USA • Acid rain from power plants in the Midwest United States has also harmed the forests of England. • Industrial acid rain is a substantial problem in China, Taiwan, Eastern Europe, Russia and areas down-wind from them. • The effects of acid rain can spread over a large area, far from the source of the pollution

Prevention Using alternative sources of electricity (i.e. nuclear power, hydro-electricity, wind energy and solar energy) Minimize fossil fuel use in power plants, factories, vehicles etc. Reduce the amount of electricity use Energy Conservation & Change life style Use catalytic converters in vehicle exhausts which remove the nitrogen oxides. Limit the number of vehicles on the roads and increase public transport.

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Acid Rain. What is Acid rain?. http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/acidrain/index.html#what. Acidity- pH Scale. Sources of SO 2 Emissions in 1992. Total emissions - 22.7 Million tons in 1992. Sources of NO x- 23.2 M tons in 1992.

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Acid Rain. Pure rain is naturally acidic with pH of 5.6 due to dissolved carbon dioxide in water vapor reacting to form carbonic acid( a very weak acid) The environmental pollution called acid rain is any rain with pH less than 5.6.

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Acid Rain. First, we need to understand acidity and basicity . This is measured on a scale called the pH scale. pH is a scale from 0 to 14. 0 is about as acidic as it gets, while 14 is about as alkaline as it gets. Pure water has a pH of 7. What is acidity?.

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Acid Rain. Sahana Kanabar. How is Acid Rain formed?.

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Acid Rain. By: Erica Choaty. Thesis Statement:. Acid Rain poses devastating effects on humans and the environment. It is not too late for us to lessen its scale of occurrences. We just need to be more cautious of our actions towards how we affect the environment. What is acid deposition?.

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Acid Rain . By Amal Dualeh 7D-Science. What is Acid Rain?. Acid Rain is rainfall that is contaminated with pollution, causing it to have high levels of acid (low pH). What causes Acid Rain?.

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ACID RAIN. By: Acacia Nikiel. What is Acid Rain?. Acid rain is when Acidic gases are evaporated into the air, it gets mixed with rain water from clouds and when the cloud gets heavy it rains but if acidic gases are within the cloud sometimes it could become Acid rain . .

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Acid Rain. By: Kira Bowe. Acid Rain. There are three different types of Acid Rain. Sulphuric Acid. Governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere  because of Sulphuric acid rain, which can be harmful.

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Acid Rain. By HO Pui Sing Wong Yu Fai. Content. Definition of Acid Rain Damage of Acid Rain Formation of Acid Rain Sources of Pollutants Solutions References. Definition of Acid Rain. Normal pH value of Rain is 5.6 pH value &lt; 5.6. Acid Rain. Definition:.

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Acid Rain. By: Sam and Brianna. What is it?!.

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Acid Rain. Acid rain is basically rain that has a higher than normal acid level (low pH). Causes of Acid Rain. Burning coal. Oil and natural gas in power stations makes electricity, giving off sulphur dioxide gas. Burning petrol and oil in vehicle engines gives off nitrogen oxides as gases.

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Acid rain. By Cory Phillips and Kelsey Sheetka. Where is Acid Rain a problem?.

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Acid Rain. By Ashlee, Phoenix, Ben &amp; Alatise. What is Acid Rain?. Acid rain is rain that has been made acidic by certain pollutants in the air. Acid rain is a type of acid deposition, which can appear in many forms. Like rain, sleet, snow or fog that has become more acidic than normal.

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ACID RAIN. ACID RAIN. CaCO 3 ( s ) + H +  CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 O + Ca 2+.

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Acid Rain. 7/8. Sulfur Dioxide. Sulfur dioxide is a reactive gas released by burning fossil fuels, such as coal, that contain sulfur. In the United States, 67% of SO 2 emission comes from electric utilities. Sulfur dioxide is linked to increased asthma symptoms.

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Acid Rain. What is it?. Acid rain is rain, snow or fog that is polluted by acid in the atmosphere and damages the environment. Two common air pollutants acidify rain: sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen oxide (NO).

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Acid Rain. What is acid rain?. Any ppt →pH value &lt; 5.6 → acid rain. Introduction. 1) Wet deposition → acidic rain, fog + snow a) Rainout: incorporation of materials into cloud drops b) Washout: when materials below the

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Acid Rain. All life needs water to survive, but sometimes that water is itself harmful. Acid Rain Objectives. Explain how rain can become acidified Explain the damage done to life and structures by acid rain Design a lab to determine what type of rock is the least affected by acid rain

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Acid Rain. RUSSELL R. DICKERSON. Sandstone portal Figure on Herten Castle in Ruhr district of Germany. Sculpted 1702; photographed in 1908. Same sandstone portal figure photographed in 1969. ACID DEPOSITION See Turco, Ch. 9 Finlayson-Pitts &amp; Pitts, Part 6 Seinfeld &amp; Pandis Ch. 20

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