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Top 10 Best PhD in Mathematics Programs

A PhD in mathematics is an invaluable qualification in many sectors, but particularly academia. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, mathematicians and statisticians will see a 33% growth in jobs  from 2020 to 2030, especially with the growing need for data and cybersecurity  professionals.

Mathematics PhD programs equip you with the advanced skills and knowledge you need to progress to the highest levels of the field.

Table of Contents

Best PhD in Mathematics Programs

Stanford university, school of humanities & sciences.

Ph.D. in Mathematics

Stanford is a renowned Ivy League university known for its high-quality programs in several areas, including mathematics. Its faculty includes eminent figures in the field, and the school features a dedicated mathematics research center on campus. Students must pass two exams, one in algebra and the other in real analysis, by the second year to remain in the program. Progressing students are fully funded for five years.

• Courses : Multivariable calculus, linear algebra, and applied matrix theory.
• Duration : 5 years
• Delivery : On-campus
• Tuition : Refer tuition page
• Financial aid : Teaching/research assistantships and fellowships
• Acceptance rate: 5.2%
• Location : Stanford, California

Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

Harvard’s Department of Mathematics is one of the world’s most acclaimed centers for research and education in pure mathematics. You’ll need to complete four courses for each term of your PhD, though there are no compulsory courses. As one of the most impressive mathematics doctoral programs, this PhD emphasizes the love of the subject for its own sake, curiosity, creative ability, and the research process.

• Courses : Advanced real analysis, commutative algebra, and geometry & complexity theory.
• Credits : 16 half-courses
• Duration : 2-5 years
• Financial aid : Grants and fellowships
• Acceptance rate: 5%
• Location : Cambridge, Massachusetts

Brown University, Graduate School

Brown University is known for its flexible yet rigorous approach to education that gives students the intellectual freedom to apply creative thinking to their work. Its PhD in Math program encourages close student-faculty relationships and collaboration. This program doesn’t ask for GRE scores or foreign language courses for international students.

• Courses : Complex functions, topology, and algebraic geometry.
• Tuition : $7,835 per course
• Financial aid : Fellowships and teaching assistantships
• Acceptance rate:  7.7%
• Location : Providence, Rhode Island

The University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts & Sciences

UPenn is a world-renowned university that boasts the first medical school in the country. It has a very active mathematics department committed to serious research, and its faculty includes recognized figures from the mathematics community. In its doctorate in mathematics program, students can take courses from other departments in the university. Full-tuition scholarships for all five years of the program are available.

• Courses: Geometry-topology, mathematical physics, and combinatorics.
• Duration: 5 years
• Delivery: On-campus
• Tuition: Full funding
• Financial aid: Fellowships, teaching assistantships, and scholarships.
• Acceptance rate: 9%
• Location: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Rochester Institute of Technology, School of Mathematical Sciences

Ph.D. Mathematical Modeling

The School of Mathematical Sciences at RIT is world-renowned for mathematical and statistical research. It focuses on creative approaches to solving real-world problems using mathematical and statistical knowledge. Its doctorate degree in mathematics is the country’s first  mathematical modeling PhD  and offers five concentrations, including Biomedical mathematics, applied inverse problems, and dynamical systems & fluid dynamics.

• Courses : Numerical analysis, mathematical modeling, and high-performance computing for mathematical modeling.
• Credits : 60 minimum
• Duration : 7 years maximum
• Financial aid : Scholarships and graduate assistantships
• Acceptance rate : 73.9%
• Location : Rochester, New York

Princeton University, The Graduate School

Ph.D. Applied and Computational Math

Princeton University is one of the world’s most famous universities, scoring the top ranking in the US News & World Report’s Best Universities list for 2022 . Its PhD program in Applied and Computational Math is flexible with few central requirements: students can work with their advisers to build their own program.

• Courses : Differential equations, numerical algorithms, and applied dynamical systems.
• Credits : 12 hours/semester
• Duration : 4 years
• Tuition : $56,010 per year
• Financial aid : Fellowships, research/teaching assistantships, loans, grants, and federal work-study.
• Acceptance rate : 5.6%
• Location : Princeton, New Jersey

The University of Arizona, Department of Mathematics

Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics

The University of Arizona is well-known for its contributions to scientific research. Its PhD in Applied Mathematics is an interdisciplinary program that emphasizes mathematical modeling and computer simulation. The teaching staff is drawn from various disciplines, including engineering, computing, social, and biological sciences.

• Courses : Real analysis, algebra, and topology-geometry.
• Tuition : $13,400 per year
• Financial aid : Teaching assistantships, research assistantships, fellowships, and grants.
• Acceptance rate:  85%
• Location : Tucson, Arizona

Portland State University, Fariborz Maseeh Department of Mathematics &         Statistics

Ph.D. Mathematical Sciences

PSU’s innovative Mathematics Department has a joint research project  with Ohio University to make the theoretical science of math more relevant and practical. Its PhD program focuses on mathematics and statistics, with separate primary and secondary-level courses in both subjects.

• Courses : Mathematics, statistics, and mathematical/statistical literature problems.
• Credits : 81 minimum
• Tuition : $509 per credit
• Financial aid : Scholarships, fellowships, research assistantships, teaching assistantships, and veteran benefits.
• Acceptance rate : 95.2%
• Location : Portland, Oregon

Rice University, Wiess School of Natural Sciences

Ph.D. in Computational and Applied Mathematics

Rice University works closely with many prominent research, education, and science institutions in Houston, translating into exciting student opportunities. Its Computational and Applied Mathematics department only accepts 5-9 students into its PhD program, assuring a low student-faculty ratio. The program allows students to conduct high-impact research with the help of professors from diverse fields such as energy, mathematical biology, healthcare delivery, and sustainability.

• Courses : Advanced numerical analysis, computational science , and modeling mathematical physics.
• Duration : 4-6 years
• Tuition : $2,893 per credit
• Financial aid : Scholarships, fellowships, teaching assistantships, and loans.
• Acceptance rate : 10.9%
• Location : Houston, Texas

Florida Institute of Technology

Applied Mathematics, Ph.D.

Florida Institute of Technology is the only independent technological university in the Southeast. It is a private institution encouraging a hands-on approach to students’ learning. This PhD is one of the only 30 Applied Mathematics programs in the country and accommodates a wide range of specializations, including non-linear analysis, scientific computing, and optimization. The highly flexible program also allows students to choose their research areas.

• Courses : Partial differential equations, real analysis, and numerical methods for partial differential equations.
• Credits : 72 post-bachelor’s or 42 post-master’s
• Tuition : $1,241 per credit
• Financial aid: Scholarships, grants, awards, loans, graduate assistantships, and veteran benefits.
• Acceptance rate: 70.4%
• Location : Melbourne, Florida

What Do You Need to Get a PhD in Mathematics?

Exact entry requirements vary from program to program, but often you’ll need a master’s in a related field as a basic prerequisite. Some programs will accept graduates with a bachelor’s degree in mathematics or a related subject, though you’ll probably need to complete extra credit hours compared to students with a master’s.

You’ll need to submit an application, typically involving a research proposal and/or personal statement , academic resume , and letters of recommendation . You may need to present GRE  scores , but these aren’t required for every program.

Equally, the requirements to earn your doctorate will depend on the specific program, though there are several commonalities. Most PhD in mathematics programs include:

• Qualifying examinations and a final exam
• Teaching hours
• A research dissertation

If you want to prepare thoroughly for a math PhD program, it can be helpful to:

• Study qualifying exam subjects  such as real analysis and algebra
• Working with proof of math problems
• Participate in u ndergraduate research experience programs
• Build your network  and identify mentors

What to Consider When Choosing a Mathematics PhD Program

With so many strong math PhD programs on offer, it can be hard to know which is the right program for you.

While this is a very individual decision, here are some key factors to consider:

• Courses, specializations, and concentrations
• Funding options
• School and faculty reputation
• Mode of delivery: online, on-campus, or hybrid

Why Get a Doctorate in Mathematics?

Today’s world desperately needs data in every field to improve and grow. So, mathematics is now highly relevant across many fields. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates impressive job growth of 33%  for mathematicians and statisticians from 2020 to 2030.

A PhD in mathematics equips you with a range of skills, including critical and analytical evaluation, logical reasoning, mathematical solutions for real-life issues, verbal and written communication skills, and dedication.

According to the American Mathematical Society , the number of math PhD graduates has been increasing steadily over the last two decades, and is currently around 2,000 a year. In total, there have been more than 30,000 PhD graduates in mathematics over the last two decades.

Common Jobs for Doctor of Mathematics Grads

With a doctorate in mathematics, you may work in various roles, including:

• Assistant Professor ( $61,252  average annual salary)
• Professor ( $88,951 )
• Data Scientist ( $97,358 )
• Mathematician ( $70,920 )
• Postdoctoral Research Associate ( $51,968 )

Key Takeaways

The best PhD mathematics programs are offered by renowned universities across the country, including the most prestigious schools. While some are expensive, various funding options and even fully-funded Mathematics doctorate programs offer some relief.

If you have a real taste for the subject, a PhD in mathematics can take your career to unimaginable heights. It will also let you build high-level skills and in-depth knowledge that could make you a leader in your field.

If you’ve found this guide useful, take a look at our posts on the best online Master’s in Mathematics programs , the top online PhD programs , and the highest-paying PhDs .

PhD in Mathematics FAQs

How long is a phd in mathematics.

A PhD in Mathematics may take 3-7 years to complete, depending on program requirements. If you have a master’s degree , the program will likely be shorter in duration.

How Much Does a Math PhD Cost?

A math PhD costs anywhere from $13,000 to $45,000 per year, including tuition and other fees, based on various factors. You can also find fully funded PhD programs in Math, including from some of the most prestigious schools in the country.

Are Math PhDs in Demand?

A PhD in math is a qualification that has always had a demand in the academic world. With the increasing importance of mathematical principles and concepts in emerging technologies and disciplines, we’re also seeing a range of opportunities for mathematicians in other fields.

Is a PhD in Mathematics Difficult?

Mathematics is an abstract and mostly theoretical subject. Therefore, it’s best to have a certain degree of flair, or at least interest in the subject, otherwise, you may struggle. However, anyone can excel in a math PhD program with a little dedication and hard work.

What Do I Need to be Eligible for a PhD in Mathematics?

At a minimum, you’ll need a bachelor’s in math or another STEM field. However, some programs require a master’s or at least an honors undergraduate qualification.

Lisa Marlin

Lisa is a full-time writer specializing in career advice, further education, and personal development. She works from all over the world, and when not writing you'll find her hiking, practicing yoga, or enjoying a glass of Malbec.

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Guide to Graduate Studies

The PhD Program The Ph.D. program of the Harvard Department of Mathematics is designed to help motivated students develop their understanding and enjoyment of mathematics. Enjoyment and understanding of the subject, as well as enthusiasm in teaching it, are greater when one is actively thinking about mathematics in one’s own way. For this reason, a Ph.D. dissertation involving some original research is a fundamental part of the program. The stages in this program may be described as follows:

• Acquiring a broad basic knowledge of mathematics on which to build a future mathematical culture and more detailed knowledge of a field of specialization.
• Choosing a field of specialization within mathematics and obtaining enough knowledge of this specialized field to arrive at the point of current thinking.
• Making a first original contribution to mathematics within this chosen special area.

Students are expected to take the initiative in pacing themselves through the Ph.D. program. In theory, a future research mathematician should be able to go through all three stages with the help of only a good library. In practice, many of the more subtle aspects of mathematics, such as a sense of taste or relative importance and feeling for a particular subject, are primarily communicated by personal contact. In addition, it is not at all trivial to find one’s way through the ever-burgeoning literature of mathematics, and one can go through the stages outlined above with much less lost motion if one has some access to a group of older and more experienced mathematicians who can guide one’s reading, supplement it with seminars and courses, and evaluate one’s first attempts at research. The presence of other graduate students of comparable ability and level of enthusiasm is also very helpful.

University Requirements

The University requires a minimum of two years of academic residence (16 half-courses) for the Ph.D. degree. On the other hand, five years in residence is the maximum usually allowed by the department. Most students complete the Ph.D. in four or five years. Please review the program requirements timeline .

There is no prescribed set of course requirements, but students are required to register and enroll in four courses each term to maintain full-time status with the Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.

Qualifying Exam

The department gives the qualifying examination at the beginning of the fall and spring terms. The qualifying examination covers algebra, algebraic geometry, algebraic topology, complex analysis, differential geometry, and real analysis. Students are required to take the exam at the beginning of the first term. More details about the qualifying exams can be found here .

Students are expected to pass the qualifying exam before the end of their second year. After passing the qualifying exam students are expected to find a Ph.D. dissertation advisor.

Minor Thesis

The minor thesis is complementary to the qualifying exam. In the course of mathematical research, students will inevitably encounter areas in which they have gaps in knowledge. The minor thesis is an exercise in confronting those gaps to learn what is necessary to understand a specific area of math. Students choose a topic outside their area of expertise and, working independently, learns it well and produces a written exposition of the subject.

The topic is selected in consultation with a faculty member, other than the student’s Ph.D. dissertation advisor, chosen by the student. The topic should not be in the area of the student’s Ph.D. dissertation. For example, students working in number theory might do a minor thesis in analysis or geometry. At the end of three weeks time (four if teaching), students submit to the faculty member a written account of the subject and are prepared to answer questions on the topic.

The minor thesis must be completed before the start of the third year in residence.

Language Exam

Mathematics is an international subject in which the principal languages are English, French, German, and Russian. Almost all important work is published in one of these four languages. Accordingly, students are required to demonstrate the ability to read mathematics in French, German, or Russian by passing a two-hour, written language examination. Students are asked to translate one page of mathematics into English with the help of a dictionary. Students may request to substitute the Italian language exam if it is relevant to their area of mathematics. The language requirement should be fulfilled by the end of the second year. For more information on the graduate program requirements, a timeline can be viewed at here .

Non-native English speakers who have received a Bachelor’s degree in mathematics from an institution where classes are taught in a language other than English may request to waive the language requirement.

Upon completion of the language exam and eight upper-level math courses, students can apply for a continuing Master’s Degree.

Teaching Requirement

Most research mathematicians are also university teachers. In preparation for this role, all students are required to participate in the department’s teaching apprenticeship program and to complete two semesters of classroom teaching experience, usually as a teaching fellow. During the teaching apprenticeship, students are paired with a member of the department’s teaching staff. Students attend some of the advisor’s classes and then prepare (with help) and present their own class, which will be videotaped. Apprentices will receive feedback both from the advisor and from members of the class.

Teaching fellows are responsible for teaching calculus to a class of about 25 undergraduates. They meet with their class three hours a week. They have a course assistant (an advanced undergraduate) to grade homework and to take a weekly problem session. Usually, there are several classes following the same syllabus and with common exams. A course head (a member of the department teaching staff) coordinates the various classes following the same syllabus and is available to advise teaching fellows. Other teaching options are available: graduate course assistantships for advanced math courses and tutorials for advanced undergraduate math concentrators.

Final Stages

How students proceed through the second and third stages of the program varies considerably among individuals. While preparing for the qualifying examination or immediately after, students should begin taking more advanced courses to help with choosing a field of specialization. Unless prepared to work independently, students should choose a field that falls within the interests of a member of the faculty who is willing to serve as dissertation advisor. Members of the faculty vary in the way that they go about dissertation supervision; some faculty members expect more initiative and independence than others and some variation in how busy they are with current advisees. Students should consider their own advising needs as well as the faculty member’s field when choosing an advisor. Students must take the initiative to ask a professor if she or he will act as a dissertation advisor. Students having difficulty deciding under whom to work, may want to spend a term reading under the direction of two or more faculty members simultaneously. The sooner students choose an advisor, the sooner they can begin research. Students should have a provisional advisor by the second year.

It is important to keep in mind that there is no technique for teaching students to have ideas. All that faculty can do is to provide an ambiance in which one’s nascent abilities and insights can blossom. Ph.D. dissertations vary enormously in quality, from hard exercises to highly original advances. Many good research mathematicians begin very slowly, and their dissertations and first few papers could be of minor interest. The ideal attitude is: (1) a love of the subject for its own sake, accompanied by inquisitiveness about things which aren’t known; and (2) a somewhat fatalistic attitude concerning “creative ability” and recognition that hard work is, in the end, much more important.

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Notes and References

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• Doing a PhD in Mathematics
• Doing a PhD

What Does a PhD in Maths Involve?

Maths is a vast subject, both in breadth and in depth. As such, there’s a significant number of different areas you can research as a math student. These areas usually fall into one of three categories: pure mathematics, applied mathematics or statistics. Some examples of topics you can research are:

• Number theory
• Numerical analysis
• String theory
• Random matrix theory
• Graph theory
• Quantum mechanics
• Statistical forecasting
• Matroid theory
• Control theory

Besides this, because maths focuses on addressing interdisciplinary real-world problems, you may work and collaborate with other STEM researchers. For example, your research topic may relate to:

• Biomechanics and transport processes
• Evidence-based medicine
• Fluid dynamics
• Financial mathematics
• Machine learning
• Theoretical and Computational Optimisation

What you do day-to-day will largely depend on your specific research topic. However, you’ll likely:

• Continually read literature – This will be to help develop your knowledge and identify current gaps in the overall body of knowledge surrounding your research topic.
• Undertake research specific to your topic – This can include defining ideas, proving theorems and identifying relationships between models.
• Collect and analyse data – This could comprise developing computational models, running simulations and interpreting forecasts etc.
• Liaise with others – This could take many forms. For example, you may work shoulder-to-shoulder with individuals from different disciplines supporting your research, e.g. Computer scientists for machine learning-based projects. Alternatively, you may need frequent input from those who supplied the data for your research, e.g. Financial institutions or biological research colleagues.
• Attend a wide range of lectures, seminars and events.

Browse PhD Opportunities in Mathematics

Application of artificial intelligence to multiphysics problems in materials design, study of the human-vehicle interactions by a high-end dynamic driving simulator, physical layer algorithm design in 6g non-terrestrial communications, machine learning for autonomous robot exploration, detecting subtle but clinically significant cognitive change in an ageing population, how long does it take to get a phd in maths.

The average programme duration for a mathematics PhD in the UK is 3 to 4 years for a full-time studying. Although not all universities offer part-time maths PhD programmes, those that do have a typical programme duration of 5 to 7 years.

Again, although the exact arrangement will depend on the university, most maths doctorates will require you to first register for an MPhil . At the end of your first year, your supervisor will assess your progress to decide whether you should be registered for a PhD.

Additional Learning Modules

Some Mathematics departments will require you to enrol on to taught modules as part of your programme. These are to help improve your knowledge and understanding of broader subjects within your field, for example, Fourier Analysis, Differential Geometry and Riemann Surfaces. Even if taught modules aren’t compulsory in several universities, your supervisor will still encourage you to attend them for your development.

Most UK universities will also have access to specialised mathematical training courses. The most common of these include Pure Mathematics courses hosted by Mathematics Access Grid Conferencing ( MAGIC ) and London Taught Course Centre ( LTCC ) and Statistics courses hosted by Academy for PhD Training in Statistics ( APTS ).

What Are the Typical Entry Requirements for A PhD in Maths?

In the UK, the typical entry requirements for a Maths PhD is an upper second-class (2:1) Master’s degree (or international equivalent) in Mathematics or Statistics [1] .

However, there is some variation on this. From writing, the lowest entry requirement is an upper second-class (2:1) Bachelor’s degree in any math-related subject. The highest entry requirement is a first-class (1st) honours Master’s degree in a Mathematics or Statistics degree only.

It’s worth noting if you’re applying to a position which comes with funding provided directly by the Department, the entry requirements will usually be on the higher side because of their competitiveness.

In terms of English Language requirements, most mathematics departments require at least an overall IELTS (International English Language Testing System) score of 6.5, with no less than 6.0 in each individual subtest.

Tips to Consider when Making Your Application

When applying to any mathematics PhD, you’ll be expected to have a good understanding of both your subject field and the specific research topic you are applying to. To help show this, it’s advisable that you demonstrate recent engagement in your research topic. This could be by describing the significance of a research paper you recently read and outlining which parts interested you the most, and why. Additionally, you can discuss a recent mathematics event you attended and suggest ways in how what you learnt might apply to your research topic.

As with most STEM PhDs, most maths PhD professors prefer you to discuss your application with them directly before putting in a formal application. The benefits of this is two folds. First, you’ll get more information on what their department has to offer. Second, the supervisor can better discover your interest in the project and gauge whether you’d be a suitable candidate. Therefore, we encourage you to contact potential supervisors for positions you’re interested in before making any formal applications.

How Much Does a Maths PhD Typically Cost?

The typical tuition fee for a PhD in Maths in the UK is £4,407 per year for UK/EU students and £20,230 per year for international students. This, alongside the range in tuition fees you can expect, is summarised below:

Note: The above tuition fees are based on 12 UK Universities [1]  for 2020/21 Mathematic PhD positions. The typical fee has been taken as the median value.

In addition to the above, it’s not unheard of for research students to be charged a bench fee. In case you’re unfamiliar with a bench fee, it’s an annual fee additional to your tuition, which covers the cost of specialist equipment or resources associated with your research. This can include the upkeep of supercomputers you may use, training in specialist analysis software, or travelling to conferences. The exact fee will depend on your specific research topic; however, it should be minimal for most mathematic projects.

What Specific Funding Opportunities Are There for A PhD in Mathematics?

Alongside the usual funding opportunities available to all PhD Research students such as doctoral loans, departmental scholarships, there are a few other sources of funding available to math PhD students. Examples of these include:

You can find more information on these funding sources here: DiscoverPhDs funding guide .

What Specific Skills Do You Gain from Doing a PhD in Mathematics?

A doctorate in Mathematics not only demonstrates your commitment to continuous learning, but it also provides you with highly marketable skills. Besides subject-specific skills, you’ll also gain many transferable skills which will prove useful in almost all industries. A sample of these skills is listed below.

• Logical ability to consider and analyse complex issues,
• Commitment and persistence towards reaching research goals,
• Outstanding verbal and written skills,
• Strong attention to detail,
• The ability to liaise with others from unique disciple backgrounds and work as part of a team
• Holistic deduction and reasoning skills,
• Forming and explaining mathematical and logical solutions to a wide range of real-world problems,
• Exceptional numeracy skills.

What Jobs Can You Get with A Maths PhD?

One of the greatest benefits maths PostDocs will have is the ability to pursue a wide range of career paths. This is because all sciences are built on core principles which, to varying extents, are supported by the core principles of mathematics. As a result, it’s not uncommon to ask students what path they intend to follow after completing their degree and receive entirely different answers. Although not extensive by any means, the most common career paths Math PostDocs take are listed below:

• Academia – Many individuals teach undergraduate students at the university they studied at or ones they gained ties to during their research. This path is usually the preferred among students who want to continue focusing on mathematical theories and concepts as part of their career.
• Postdoctoral Researcher – Others continue researching with their University or with an independent organisation. This can be a popular path because of the opportunities it provides in collaborative working, supervising others, undertaking research and attending conferences etc.
• Finance – Because of their deepened analytical skills, it’s no surprise that many PostDocs choose a career in finance. This involves working for some of the most significant players in the financial district in prime locations including London, Frankfurt and Hong Kong. Specific job titles can include Actuarial, Investment Analyst or Risk Modeller.
• Computer Programming – Some students whose research involves computational mathematics launch their career as a computer programmer. Due to their background, they’ll typically work on specialised projects which require high levels of understanding on the problem at hand. For example, they may work with physicists and biomedical engineers to develop a software package that supports their more complex research.
• Data Analyst – Those who enjoy number crunching and developing complex models often go into data analytics. This can involve various niches such as forecasting or optimisation, across various fields such as marketing and weather.

What Are Some of The Typical Employers Who Hire Maths PostDocs?

As mentioned above, there’s a high demand for skilled mathematicians and statisticians across a broad range of sectors. Some typical employers are:

• Education – All UK and international universities
• Governments – STFC and Department for Transport
• Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals – NHS, GSK, Pfizer
• Finance & Banking – e.g. Barclays Capital, PwC and J. P. Morgan
• Computing – IBM, Microsoft and Facebook
• Engineering – Boeing, Shell and Dyson

The above is only a small selection of employers. In reality, mathematic PostDocs can work in almost any industry, assuming the role is numerical-based or data-driven.

How Much Can You Earn with A PhD in Maths?

As a mathematics PhD PostDoc, your earning potential will mostly depend on your chosen career path. Due to the wide range of options, it’s impossible to provide an arbitrary value for the typical salary you can expect.

However, if you pursue one of the below paths or enter their respective industry, you can roughly expect to earn [3] :

Academic Lecturer

• Approximately £30,000 – £35,000 starting salary
• Approximately £40,000 with a few years experience
• Approximately £45,000 – £55,000 with 10 years experience
• Approximately £60,000 and over with significant experience and a leadership role. Certain academic positions can earn over £80,000 depending on the management duties.

Actuary or Finance

• Approximately £35,000 starting salary
• Approximately £45,000 – £55,000 with a few years experience
• Approximately £70,000 and over with 10 years experience
• Approximately £180,000 and above with significant experience and a leadership role.

Aerospace or Mechanical Engineering

• Approximately £28,000 starting salary
• Approximately £35,000 – £40,000 with a few years experience
• Approximately £60,000 and over with 10 years experience

Data Analyst

• Approximately £45,000 – £50,000 with a few years experience
• Approximately £90,000 and above with significant experience and a leadership role.

Again, we stress that the above are indicative values only. Actual salaries will depend on the specific organisation and position and responsibilities of the individual.

Facts and Statistics About Maths PhD Holders

The below chart provides useful insight into the destination of Math PostDocs after completing their PhD. The most popular career paths from other of highest to lowest is education, information and communication, finance and scientific research, manufacturing and government.

Note: The above chart is based on ‘UK Higher Education Leavers’ data [2] between 2012/13 and 2016/17 and contains a data size of 200 PostDocs. The data was obtained from the Higher Education Statistics Agency ( HESA ).

Which Noteworthy People Hold a PhD in Maths?

Alan turing.

Alan Turing was a British Mathematician, WW2 code-breaker and arguably the father of computer science. Alongside his lengthy list of achievements, Turning achieved a PhD in Mathematics at Princeton University, New Jersey. His thesis titled ‘Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals’ focused on the concepts of ordinal logic and relative computing; you can read it online here . To this day, Turning pioneering works continues to play a fundamental role in shaping the development of artificial intelligence (AI).

Ruth Lawrence

Ruth Lawrence is a famous British–Israeli Mathematician well known within the academic community. Lawrence earned her PhD in Mathematics from Oxford University at the young age of 17! Her work focused on algebraic topology and knot theory; you can read her interesting collection of research papers here . Among her many contributions to Maths, her most notable include the representation of the braid groups, more formally known as Lawrence–Krammer representations.

Emmy Noether

Emmy Noether was a German mathematician who received her PhD from the University of Erlangen, Germany. Her research has significantly contributed to both abstract algebra and theoretical physics. Additionally, she proved a groundbreaking theorem important to Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. In doing so, her theorem, Noether’s theorem , is regarded as one of the most influential developments in physics.

Other Useful Resources

Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) – IMA is the UK’s professional body for mathematicians. It contains a wide range of useful information, from the benefits of further education in Maths to details on grants and upcoming events.

Maths Careers – Math Careers is a site associated with IMA that provides a wide range of advice to mathematicians of all ages. It has a section dedicated to undergraduates and graduates and contains a handful of information about progressing into research.

Resources for Graduate Students – Produced by Dr Mak Tomford, this webpage contains an extensive collection of detailed advice for Mathematic PhD students. Although the site uses US terminology in places, don’t let that put you off as this resource will prove incredibly helpful in both applying to and undertaking your PhD.

Student Interviews – Still wondering whether a PhD is for you? If so, our collection of PhD interviews would be a great place to get an insider perspective. We’ve interviewed a wide range of PhD students across the UK to find out what doing a PhD is like, how it’s helped them and what advice they have for other prospective students who may be thinking of applying to one. You can read our insightful collection of interviews here .

[1] Universities used to determine the typical (median) and range of entry requirements and tuition fees for 2020/21 Mathematics PhD positions.

• http://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Graduate/Degree-programmes-2020/MPhilPhD-Mathematics
• https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/courses/dphil-mathematics?wssl=1
• https://www.graduate.study.cam.ac.uk/courses/directory/mapmpdpms
• https://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/graduate/research-degrees/mathematics-mphil-phd
• http://www.bristol.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/2020/sci/phd-mathematics/
• https://www.surrey.ac.uk/postgraduate/mathematics-phd
• https://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/school-of-mathematics/studying-here/pgr/phd-application
• https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/postgraduate-courses/mathematics-phd/
• https://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/phd/degrees/mathematics-phd
• https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-research/programmes/list/05325/phd-pure-mathematics/
• https://warwick.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/research/courses-2020/mathematicsphd/
• https://www.exeter.ac.uk/pg-research/degrees/mathematics/

[2] Higher Education Leavers Statistics: UK, 2016/17 – Outcomes by subject studied – https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/28-06-2018/sfr250-higher-education-leaver-statistics-subjects

[3] Typical salaries have been extracted from a combination of the below resources. It should be noted that although every effort has been made to keep the reported salaries as relevant to Math PostDocs as possible (i.e. filtering for positions which specify a PhD qualification as one of their requirements/preferences), small inaccuracies may exist due to data availability.

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Advice for those applying for PhD Programs in Math

Hello everyone!

The next few weeks and months we are seeing a lot of deadlines coming for PhD applications, and I thought I’d repeat some things here that I have been telling my students in Mathematics who are applying for graduate schools. Keep in mind, I’m also in the US, where the system is a bit different than that of Europe.

Don’t Plan on Being a Professor: First, if the only ambition you have with mathematics is to become a professor, then you should know that a professor position is very difficult to secure. It took me 6 years after my PhD before I landed a position at an R1 institution in the US, and many in my graduating class gave up long before that. Some did get positions before I did, but they were also in very in demand subjects, such as Math Bio.

Now there are still many reasons to get a PhD, and it can open up a lot of doors for you in the future. Many of my classmates have been happy with the careers that they got after their PhDs, even though they didn’t go into academia. I have colleagues in National Laboratories (PhDs each in Probability, Dynamical Systems, and also Functional Analysis) , that do a lot of important research, those that went into software (PhD in Functional Analysis), and even one that worked as a data scientist at Hello Fresh (their PhD was in Algebra).

Undergrad Research: It also is not necessary to have completed a research project in undergrad. It certainly helps, and having a recommendation letter that says you can do research is really helpful. However, I have worked with several students who did not complete a research project, and they still got into competitive programs on the back of their grades and recommendation letters. I am in particular thinking of two very good students that got their bachelors degrees a year ago. (I mention this, because things do change over time, but this is still advice that is currently applicable.)

If you still have a year or so before you need to apply, now is the time to get in touch with a professor to see if there is a project you can get started on. It DOES help, but it’s not the end of the world if you can’t get to it.

Personal Statement: Most personal statements that I read begin with how students ”always wanted to be a mathematician, ever since they were a small child and first looked at number blocks,” or some equivalent. I am certainly happy that they have fallen in love with mathematics just like I did, but this letter doesn’t really help you stand out. An actionable letter is much more effective.

What I mean by this is that you should think about what you need the PhD FOR. Do you want to go on to be a professor, work in a research laboratory, or cure cancer? Is there a specific position that you think that this particular PhD program will set you up to get? If that is so, then who specifically on the faculty could help you get there?

I generally suggest setting up a personal statement like:

- Big Problem that Needs People Working on It

- How would the program help you understand it better

- Who on the faculty could help you get there

- Why are you a good fit for the program?

- “I’ve loved math since I was a baby”

This is also somewhat like a grant proposal, which isn’t far from what you are doing here. You are applying for a limited number of positions and funding.

How are you going to pay for it? Thankfully, for most PhD students, this isn’t an issue. Most PhD programs come with a small stipend in return to TA duties, and you would also get a tuition waiver. If you don’t get offered an assistantship, then I’d really recommend not taking that position, improving your CV, and applying again next year. It doesn’t make sense to go into debt for a PhD in Math.

Recommendation Letters: Your recommendation letters should almost entirely come from faculty. The point of a recommendation letter is to reassure the admissions committee that you can handle graduate coursework and also do research. Your manager at Jimmy Johns really won’t be able to say much in this direction (unless they have a PhD in mathematics). It’s ok to have one letter that isn’t from the faculty, but make sure that the rest are rather strong. At most what I’d expect to learn from a letter that isn’t from faculty is about your work ethic and possibly your personality.

I failed a class early in undergrad, do I still have a chance? Yes. Admissions committees still want to see a decently strong GPA, but if you struggled with a class or two in the first couple of years of undergrad, that can be forgiven if you had really strong performance in your upper division coursework. Here letters of recommendation can really help, if they talk about your talent in mathematics. Personally, I failed an English class and did poorly in some early physics classes in my early college career. I pulled everything together by the time I got to my proof based classes and excelled in them.

If anyone else has any advice they’d like to add for any aspiring PhD students, please feel free to chime in. I’d especially want to hear from anyone that has a differing opinion to me, since this is a rather organic process and approaches can be different.

I have a couple of advice videos if you’d like to hear more from me on this topic.

Recommendation Letters: The Good, the Bad, and the Career-Killing

https://youtu.be/iASjxp7CWuY

Writing the BEST statement of purpose for PhD programs

https://youtu.be/LxHzyzWu3-Y

Your first year in a PhD Program

https://youtu.be/RpCCnBSs4Y4

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Best Doctorates in Mathematics: Top PhD Programs, Career Paths, and Salaries

Given that only a small proportion of the general population holds a PhD in Mathematics, there aren’t many people pursuing doctoral studies in the math field. It requires a high level of intelligence and mathematical ability which a typical person doesn’t possess. It also requires a decent work ethic and the ability to commit five to seven years to research and study.

However, PhD in Mathematics salaries are high. If you’re interested in pursuing a PhD in Mathematics, check out our article to find the best mathematics PhDs and what mathematics jobs you can get. First, let’s find out what a PhD in Mathematics is.

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What is a phd in mathematics.

A PhD in Mathematics is a doctoral degree obtained by a graduate student in mathematics. This kind of mathematics graduate program allows students to develop their research capabilities in mathematics and its potential applications.

PhD in Mathematics can be a Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Science, or Doctor of Applied Mathematics degree. Students need to submit their PhD thesis in order to complete the math degree program they are pursuing. Math doctorate programs can take between three and six years to complete, depending on how much time is dedicated to the thesis and its required research.

How to Get Into a Mathematics PhD Program: Admission Requirements

The requirements to get into a mathematics PhD program typically include application fees, school transcripts, a professional resume, three letters of recommendation, and a statement of academic purpose. The admission process for most mathematical PhD programs is similar.

Some schools also require that students have mastered the material roughly equivalent to the undergraduate mathematics major, such as several semesters of calculus and experience with differential equations. Other doctoral math programs require applicants to submit essays or a minimum GPA score as entrance requirements.

PhD in Mathematics Admission Requirements

• Professional CV or resume
• Statement of academic purpose
• Application fee
• At least three recommendation letters
• Undergraduate and graduate school transcripts

Mathematics PhD Acceptance Rates: How Hard Is It to Get Into a PhD Program in Mathematics?

It is extremely hard to get into a PhD program in Mathematics. For example, the Harvard PhD acceptance rate is 4.59 percent and the University of Wisconsin has a zero percent PhD acceptance rate over a five-year median. Doctoral studies in mathematics are rigorous and have a low acceptance rate, making it difficult to get into and obtain a Doctorate in Mathematics.

How to Get Into the Best Universities

[query_class_embed] how-to-get-into-*school

Best PhDs in Mathematics: In Brief

Best Universities for Mathematics PhDs: Where to Get a PhD in Mathematics

The best universities for mathematics PhDs are Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Princeton University, Stanford University, University of California, Berkeley, and Yale University.

Other universities also have excellent PhD in Mathematics programs that we haven’t mentioned in our list, like Johns Hopkins University, Colorado State University, University of California, Los Angeles, and University of Chicago.

Columbia University is a private Ivy League research university founded in 1754 as King's College. It is among the top five national universities and is known as the oldest institution of higher education in New York. At Columbia University, students can find doctoral studies in biological sciences, astronomy, chemistry, economics, music, psychology, and religion.

Mathematics PhD

The PhD mathematics program is designed for full-time students interested in research and teaching at the university level. It is an intense course also meant for students that seek careers in quantitative research and development in business or government. It covers subjects like analysis and probability, Riemann surfaces, cumulative algebra, and modern geometry.

Mathematics PhD Overview

• Program Length: 4 years
• Acceptance Rate: 6%
• Tuition and Fees: $25,248/semester
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Department of Defense Funding, NIH Fellowship Parent Funding 

Mathematics PhD Admission Requirements

• A completed online application form at the Online Application System
• $120 application fee
• Statement of purpose
• A video essay (to be completed in the Online Application System)
• A current resume or CV
• Official transcripts from each university you attended
• Two letters of reference

Harvard University was established in 1636 by the Puritan clergyman John Harvard. It is known as the oldest institution of higher learning in the US and as one of the most prestigious universities in the world. It offers many PhD programs in subjects such as anthropology, statistics, virology, physics, neuroscience, mathematics, immunology, and history of science.

This doctoral program is intended for students who aspire to be research mathematicians and have demonstrated a strong interest in this field. The math graduate courses cover topics like commutative algebra, advanced real analysis, differential geometry evolution dynamics, Riemann surfaces, and Hodge theory.

• Program Length: 4-5 years
• Acceptance Rate: 7%
• Tuition and Fees: $50,928/first two years of study; $13,240/second two years of study
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Hertz Foundation, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program, National Physical Science Consortium for Minorities and Women, National Science Foundation
• Application
• $105 application fee 
• Transcripts
• Letters of recommendation
• Demonstration of English proficiency (for non-native speakers)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a land-grant research university in Cambridge. Founded in 1861, MIT is best known for its programs in physical science and engineering. It offers a wide array of doctoral studies in aeronautics and astronautics, physics, political science, economics, chemical engineering, biology, brain, and cognitive sciences.

Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Science Mathematics Degree

In addition to choosing between a Doctor of Philosophy and a Doctor of Science program, students can choose to apply to the Pure or Applied Mathematics programs. Geometry, number theory, algebra, logic, statistics, topology, astrophysics, combinatorics, analysis, probability, numerical analysis, and theoretical physics, are covered in the Pure and Applied Mathematics curricula.

Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Science Mathematics Degree Overview

• Acceptance Rate: N/A
• Tuition and Fees: $27,755/term
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Postdoctoral and Senior Research Awards, Faculty Early Career Development Program, Mathematical Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (MSPRF)

Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Science Mathematics Degree Admission Requirements

• Fill out the online application
• Transcripts including grades in math/science/engineering courses
• At least three names and email addresses of recommendation letter writers
• Educational and work history
• Statement of objectives
• Outside financial support and potential outside support
• Credit/debit card payment of the $75 application fee
• Self-reported grades
• Arrange for submission of official transcripts and letters of recommendation

Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university that was founded in 1746. It is known as the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the US. Princeton University has many PhD programs in subjects like philosophy, mechanical and aerospace engineering, electrical and computer engineering, and neuroscience.

Applied and Computational Math PhD

In this program, students gain a thorough understanding of areas of mathematics critical to scientific and engineering applications, such as numerical analysis and other computational approaches. In the first year, students choose three topics from six applied mathematics categories. At the end of the first year, students need to take a preliminary exam. 

Before the third year, students need to pass the general examination which culminates in a seminar on a research topic. The final requirement for this program is the doctoral dissertation which can be a mathematical contribution to one field of science or engineering.

Applied and Computational Math PhD Overview

• Tuition and Fees : $58,790/year 
• PhD Funding Opportunities: University, departmental, and program fellowships, research and teaching assistantships, external financial support

Applied and Computational Math PhD Admission Requirements

• $75 application fee
• Recommendation letters
• Fall semester grades (for students currently enrolled in master’s degree programs)
• English language tests (for international students)

Established in 1829, Rochester Institute of Technology is known for its excellent technology, engineering, and computing programs. It offers PhDs in Astrophysical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Color Science, Imaging Science Sustainability, and many more disciplines.

Mathematical Modeling PhD

Students in this program plan their own trajectory based on required coursework, research, and their selected concentration. They can select from concentrations in the areas of applied inverse problems, biomedical, and discrete mathematics, among others. Some of the program’s courses cover subjects like numerical analysis and computing for mathematical modeling. 

Mathematical Modeling PhD Overview

• Acceptance Rate: 74%
• Tuition: $54,176/year 
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Federal loans, Outside Scholarships, Yellow Ribbon Program, employment through co-ops, internships, or assistantships

Mathematical Modeling PhD Admission Requirements

• Online graduate application
• Copies of official transcripts of all previously completed undergraduate and graduate courses
• Bachelor’s degree from an accredited university or college
• Current resume/CV
• Two letters of recommendation
• Personal statement of educational objectives
• TOEFL, IELTS, or PTE score (international students)
• $65 application fee

Stanford University is well-known for its enterprising student population and high return on investment. Founded in 1885 by California senator Leland Stanford, Stanford University is consistently ranking in the top 10 national universities. Stanford offers many PhD programs in its Graduate School of Engineering, including programs in engineering, medicine, and education.

Mathematics PhD Program

Students in this PhD program take courses in algebraic topology, differential topology, differential geometry, algebraic geometry, theory of probability, real analysis, modern algebra, and mathematical methods of imaging. In the first year, the coursework prepares the students for the qualifying examinations which test them on their skills in algebra and real-world analysis. 

Students must have a dissertation advisor and seek candidacy in their second year. Students will take their Area Examination during their third year, which must be completed by the conclusion of the Winter Quarter. In the fourth and fifth years, students are expected to finish their dissertation research.

Mathematics PhD Program Overview

• Acceptance Rate: 5.7%
• Tuition and Fees: $56,487
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Federal programs, university fellowships, research assistantships, teaching assistantships

Mathematics PhD Program Admission Requirements

• Bachelor’s degree from a regionally accredited US college or university 
• Unofficial transcripts/academic records
• Names and contact information of those who can provide between three and six letters of recommendation
• Online application
• $125 application fee or fee waiver

University of California, Berkeley was founded in 1868. UC Berkeley is known for strict academic criteria for its undergraduate programs. The school has more than 130 academic departments and 80 multidisciplinary research areas. UC Berkeley is among the top universities in the world.

PhD Program in Applied Mathematics

The applied mathematics program requires doctoral students with previous graduate study in mathematics must demonstrate exceptional mathematical research skills. Students in this course can learn about linear algebra and differential equations, multivariable calculus, and discrete mathematics. There are also major electives like mathematical biology and statistics.

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PhD Program in Applied Mathematics Overview

• Program Length: 5-6 years
• Acceptance Rate: 18%
• Tuition and Fees: $10,248.75/semester (resident); $17,799.75/semester (non-resident)
• PhD Funding Opportunities : Berkeley Fellowships, Chancellor’s Fellowships, Cota-Robles Fellowships, Mentored Research Awards, UC Dissertation-Year Fellowships, Conference Travel Grants, Parent and Caregiver Grants

PhD Program in Applied Mathematics Admission Requirements

• A bachelor’s degree or equivalent from an accredited institution
• A minimum GPA of 3.0
• Enough experience in your undergraduate program to complete the program
• At least three letters of recommendation
• $120 application fee (California residents); $140 application fee (all other applicants)

The University of Michigan - Ann Arbor is among the top 30 national universities. It was founded in 1817 in Ann Arbor. Some of the most popular majors from this university are business administration, experimental psychology, and economics. It also has good PhD level programs in education, electrical and computer engineering, and computer and information science.

Applied & Interdisciplinary Mathematics PhD

This PhD degree's purpose is to create graduates who are well-prepared to pursue successful careers in the mathematical sciences, whether in government or academia. Students in the applied and interdisciplinary mathematics course can learn about risk management and modeling of financial losses, mathematical theory of probability, and modern mathematics.

Applied & Interdisciplinary Mathematics PhD Overview

• Program Length: 5-6 years 
• Acceptance Rate: 26%
• Tuition and Fees: $25,230.38 (in state); $50,646.38 (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Graduate Student Instructorship (GSI): Mathematics Graduate Student Instructor Teacher Training Program, and Graduate Student Research Assistantship (GSRA)

Applied & Interdisciplinary Mathematics PhD Admission Requirements

• Three letters of recommendation
• Personal Statement (500-word limit)
• TOEFL or IELTS Exam (non-native English speakers)
• Three semesters of calculus
• One or two semesters of differential equation courses
• One semester course in modern algebra, linear algebra, geometry or topology
• Advanced calculus of one and several variables 
• $75 application fee (US citizens); $90 application fee (international applicants)

Nelson Dewey, the first governor of Wisconsin, founded the University of Wisconsin in 1848. It has one of the best engineering and business majors. It also has several good graduate degrees from its Department of Mathematics like Doctor of Philosophy, Master of Arts – Foundations of Advanced Studies, and Master of Arts – Foundations for Research.

Mathematics, PhD

The University of Wisconsin’s Doctor of Philosophy program offers a foundation in fundamental and advanced graduate mathematics. Students in this PhD program can learn about linear algebra, abstract algebra, differential equations, knot theory, and real analysis.

Mathematics, PhD Overview

• Program Length: 5 years
• Acceptance Rate: 16%
• Tuition and Fees: $12,176/year (in state); $25,504/year (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Graduate assistantships, fellowships, traineeships, student loans, student jobs, research and travel grants

Mathematics, PhD Admission Requirements

• Application to the UW–Madison Graduate School
• Master’s degree in mathematics or a related field
• Official transcripts
• Supplementary information form
• Three academic letters of recommendation and one additional letter
• Proof of English proficiency (for non-native speakers)
• One-page statement of purpose

Yale University was founded in 1701 in New Haven, Connecticut. It is among the top 10 national universities and is known for its Ivy League reputation . Yale has many PhD programs like anthropology, applied physics, architecture, biomedical engineering, chemical, and environmental engineering. 

PhD in Applied Mathematics

The applied mathematics program entails the study and application of mathematics to issues prompted by a diverse set of application fields. Students study and apply mathematics concepts to questions driven by a variety of applicable fields.

It covers topics such as discrete algorithms, linear and nonlinear partial differential equations, statistical theory and applications, information theory, econometrics, and classical and modern applied harmonic analysis. This program also covers topics like financial statistics, financial mathematics, econometrics probability theory, and information theory. 

PhD in Applied Mathematics Overview

• Acceptance Rate: 6.2%
• Tuition and Fees: $45,700/year
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Financial aid, university fellowships, dissertation fellowships, teaching fellowships

PhD in Applied Mathematics Admission Requirements

• A list of all the prior colleges or universities you’ve attended 
• Unofficial transcripts from each school
• TOEFL scores (non-native English-speaking applicants)

Can You Get a PhD in Mathematics Online?

Yes, you can get a PhD in Mathematics online. However, there aren’t many online PhD math programs out there because of two reasons. The first reason is that there isn’t a big demand for PhDs in Mathematics, so online universities are not inclined to find ways to make those programs more accessible.

The second reason is that in traditional doctoral studies graduate students in mathematics are used as research and teaching assistants. Usually, math doctoral studies take place within a community in which PhD students are apprentices learning alongside instructors and one another.

Best Online PhD Programs in Mathematics

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Mathematics?

It takes about five years to get a PhD in Mathematics. Depending on the academic institution and the specifications of the program, it can take between three and six years. Some students prefer to have a master’s degree before entering a doctoral program in mathematics, but most programs do not require students to have more than a bachelor’s degree .

Some doctoral mathematics academic programs offer two degrees called dual degree programs. You can begin pursuing a Master’s Degree in Mathematics and begin earning credits for a PhD at the same time.

Is a PhD in Mathematics Hard?

Yes, a PhD in Mathematics is hard. Doctoral studies that require advanced knowledge of mathematics would be extremely difficult for most people. Whether you choose to pursue a PhD in Applied Mathematics or Pure Mathematics, you will encounter complex theoretical concepts.

How Much Does It Cost to Get a PhD in Mathematics?

On average, it costs $12,171 per year to get a PhD in Mathematics . This data is based on the National Center for Educational Statistics’s (NCES) report for the average costs of postgraduate studies at public institutions from 2018 to 2019. According to this data, it would cost a total of $48,684 for four years of studies. The cost to get a PhD in Mathematics has likely risen since 2019.

How to Pay for a PhD in Mathematics: PhD Funding Options

The PhD funding options that students can use to pay for a PhD in Mathematics include research fellowships, teaching assistantships, and tuition waivers. In the previous section, we mentioned the cost of doctoral degrees , but this number is with a deduction in the tuition.

These funding options enable students to lower the cost of tuition. For example, domestic students receive lower tuitions. Without funding options or deductions, a PhD can cost from $20,000 to $30,000 per year.

Best Online Master’s Degrees

[query_class_embed] online-*subject-masters-degrees

What Is the Difference Between a Mathematics Master’s Degree and PhD?

The difference between a Master’s Degree in Mathematics and a PhD is the career opportunities they provide graduates. People who pursue a PhD in Mathematics usually seek jobs in research and academia, while people who pursue master’s degrees are more interested in advancing their professional careers.

A PhD in Math is more research-intensive and focused on historical and current perspectives within the mathematics field. Master’s degrees are a bit broader. Master’s degrees can take up to three years to complete, while PhD can take up to six years. Math PhD students also teach and engage in departmental activities, while master’s students do not.

Master’s vs PhD in Mathematics Job Outlook

It is usually required for postsecondary teachers to have PhDs. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), these professionals have a job outlook of 12 percent , four percent higher than the average for all occupations.

Mathematics and statisticians are usually required to hold a master’s degree and they have a job outlook of 33 percent , nearly three times the average for all occupations. According to these numbers, the job outlook for Master’s Degrees in Mathematics is higher than for PhDs in Mathematics. However, these are just two examples of careers available to master’s and PhD holders.

Difference in Salary for Mathematics Master’s vs PhD

According to PayScale, mathematicians with a master’s degree earn $85,000 per year, and mathematicians with a PhD degree earn $110,000 a year. This is a difference of $25,000 per year for mathematics master’s vs PhD holders.

Related Mathematics Degrees

[query_class_embed] https://careerkarma.com/blog/best-mathematics-bachelors-degrees/ https://careerkarma.com/blog/mathematics-associate-degrees/ https://careerkarma.com/blog/best-mathematics-masters-degrees/

Why You Should Get a PhD in Mathematics

You should get a PhD in Mathematics because it expands your academic career opportunities and salary options. With a PhD in Math, you can work for private businesses or government agencies. Many PhD grads work in engineering, medicine, and software development, where they apply the advanced mathematical knowledge they acquired from their doctoral programs.

Reasons for Getting a PhD in Mathematics

• Specialized skills. A PhD in Mathematics equips you with highly valuable and marketable skills. Aside from subject-specific abilities, you can obtain several transferable skills that will be beneficial in practically any industry, such as exceptional numeracy, logical ability, holistic deduction, and reasoning skills.
• Higher salary. A PhD is a terminal graduate degree, meaning it is the highest level of academic certification you can achieve in this field. So with a PhD you will gain the highest skills and knowledge in mathematics. High-level skills and knowledge often translate to a high salary.
• Career opportunities. One of the best advantages math PhDs have is the option of following a variety of employment pathways. To some extent, all sciences are built on basic mathematical principles, so there are many career opportunities with a PhD in Mathematics. With this kind of degree, you can work in finance, academia, or IT.
• Research opportunities. Doctoral Degrees in Mathematics cover theoretical mathematics which is one of the best areas for research and research methodology. During your doctoral studies in math, you will study and research with some of the smartest people in the world.

Getting a PhD in Mathematics: Mathematics PhD Coursework

Getting a PhD in Mathematics is not an easy task. Students need to learn different math courses, some of which require advanced knowledge of mathematics. There is some standard mathematics PhD coursework, like classes in mathematical analysis or mathematical logic. Find out more details on common mathematics PhD courses below.

Mathematical Analysis

These kinds of courses explain the principles of mathematical analysis, including differentiability, continuity, sequence and series convergence, the Riemann integral, function sequences, and series. Students can also learn real applications of real-world analysis, including the estimation of indeterminate integrals, Laurent series, WKB theory, Cauchy theorem, and residual theorem.

Differential Topology

Courses in differential topology are a part of the theory of differential forms and De Rham’s theory. Somer differential topology courses teach about multilinear algebra, Stokes’ theorem, and an introduction to cohomology. But, in most cases, these courses teach about winding numbers, vector fields, index, smooth maps, transversality, and differential manifolds.

Discrete Mathematics

Courses in discrete mathematics usually cover finite geometry, finite groups, finite topology, finite fields, fundamental algebraic topology, combinatorics, and graph theory. Students can learn about the symmetry group of the regular icosahedron because it is a reoccurring subject throughout the course.

Theory of Probability

Theory of probability courses introduce students to discrete and continuous random variables, independent random variables, conditional probability, distribution functions, Poisson distributions, Bayes theorem, and joint distribution. Students in this course will learn how to use math principles in the analysis of random phenomena.

Algebraic Geometry

In most cases, algebraic geometry courses teach students about complex algebraic varieties, cohomology, affine, and projective algebraic geometry. They also cover the fundamental concepts of complex analytic varieties, Bezout’s theorem, algebraic curves, and surfaces, the language of schemes, and properties of morphisms.

Best Master’s Degrees

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How to Get a PhD in Mathematics: Doctoral Program Requirements

Some of the most common doctoral program requirements to get a PhD in Mathematics are coursework, qualifying exams, research, classroom teaching, and thesis defense. Some doctoral program requirements may vary, but there are a few common steps for most math programs. Keep reading to find out more.

PhD students must finish eight or nine-term courses at the graduate level, in most cases maintaining at least a C average grade. The time for completion of a PhD math coursework is four to five years.

The residency requirement can vary from university to university. For most math PhD candidates, the usual residency requirement is around three years. The whole point of residency is to continue the education and training of students in a specialized field of mathematics.

A committee of three faculty members administers the Qualifying Examination, which is an oral test. Each student selects three qualifying test subjects and discusses them with appropriate examiners. Subjects must be in separate, reasonably broad mathematical fields. 

Typically, the primary topic is decided in cooperation with the potential thesis advisor. After completing the qualifying test, students must choose a thesis advisor, who is usually the primary topic examiner.

In academic positions, teaching is important, especially in mathematical doctoral studies. Many people in math PhD programs aspire to academic positions, so teaching is one of the best ways to learn about the mathematics academic profession. It is an excellent way to learn public presentation skills by completing at least one semester of classroom teaching.

Writing and defending a thesis for a PhD in Mathematics is the culmination of this graduate program. Usually, a thesis is anticipated to contain original research of a high enough quality to be published in a high-level research journal. The defense is usually held in the classroom of the Institute and is presented to the Thesis Examination Committee.

Potential Careers With a Mathematics Degree

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PhD in Mathematics Salary and Job Outlook

People with a PhD in Mathematics earn above the average annual salaries and have careers with above the average job growth. For example, actuaries have a 24 percent job growth till 2030. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average job growth rate for all occupations is 7.7 percent .

Earning a mathematics PhD is difficult but you will graduate with a wide range of job opportunities. People with a PhD in Math earn between $82,360 to $108,660 per year. Overall, people with PhDs in Mathematics have a good salary and job outlook.

What Can You Do With a PhD in Mathematics?

With a PhD in Mathematics, you can work in education or IT and for private, corporate, or government corporations. You can work as a postdoctoral research associate, a math professor in postsecondary or higher education, a director of analytics, a research scientist, a principal software engineer, or an asset manager.

Best Jobs with a PhD in Mathematics

• Data Scientist
• Mathematicians and Statistician
• Operations Research Analyst

What Is the Average Salary for a PhD in Mathematics?

The average salary for a PhD in Mathematics is $110,000 , according to PayScale. The salary range for doctorate-level degree mathematics jobs ranges from $48,690 to $167,040 per year. Lower-earning operations research analysts make an average of $48,690 , while top-earning data scientists earn $167,040 annually, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Highest-Paying Mathematics Jobs for PhD Grads

Best Mathematics Jobs with a Doctorate

There are many jobs you can find with a math PhD. The skills you will gain are applicable to almost any field. Find out more about the best PhD in Mathematics jobs below.

Data scientists are specialists who know how to extract and interpret data. They know how to use models and algorithms to analyze massive data repositories. They use various strategies to determine the optimal methods for developing a data model for a business. Data scientist is one of the most in-demand and highest-paid jobs in 2022. 

• Salary with a Mathematics PhD: $108,660
• Job Outlook: 22% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 105,980
• Highest-Paying States: Washington, California, Delaware, New York, New Jersey

Actuaries are more concerned with the financial implications of risk and uncertainty. Actuaries are financial analysts who analyze past and present financial data and forecast future risks. They assess risk using financial theory, statistics, and math and develop plans that reduce the cost of risk.

• Salary with a Mathematics PhD: $105,900
• Job Outlook: 24% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 27,700
• Highest-Paying States: Georgia, New Hampshire, New York, Connecticut, Vermont

Some of the main responsibilities economists have are to predict the customer demand for the firm's products and the firm's product sales. They deal extensively with microeconomic issues while researching trends, collecting, evaluating, and analyzing data. Economists also investigate how to efficiently allocate resources like raw materials, labor, land, or machines.

• Salary with a Mathematics PhD: $105,630
• Job Outlook: 13% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 18,600
• Highest-Paying States: New York, District of Columbia California, New Hampshire, Illinois

In most cases mathematicians and statisticians work in academia and government. Usually, both of the positions require the use of analyzing data or applying statistical and mathematical techniques that help solve problems. 

Statisticians are increasingly involved in statistics and research methodology. Mathematicians are more involved in researching mathematical models or abstractly measuring values and creating results. Mathematics and statistics are the best duos that understand the principles of probability.

• Salary with a Mathematics PhD: $96,280
• Job Outlook: 33% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 44,800
• Highest-Paying States: District of Columbia, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, Maryland

Operations research analysts utilize mathematics and logic to assist businesses in making informed decisions and solving complex problems. They are high-level problem solvers that use sophisticated approaches such as mathematical modeling and statistical analysis to help companies operate more economically.

• Salary with a Mathematics PhD: $82,360
• Job Outlook: 25% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 104,100
• Highest-Paying States: Virginia, Alabama, Maryland, Hawaii, New York

Is a PhD in Mathematics Worth It?

Yes, a PhD in Mathematics is worth it if you are interested in solving math problems and analytical thinking. You also have to be willing to commit to the long educational journey and research required to achieve this level of degree.

Exploring the mathematical fields is challenging and demanding but with time it provides excellent career opportunities. Math positions are respected and well-paid with positive job outlooks. Other than its academic difficulty, there aren’t many downsides when it comes to doctoral math degrees because you can go on to work in many fields.

Additional Reading About Mathematics

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PhD in Mathematics FAQ

Yes, a math PhD is useful because it will help you acquire some transferable skills that will be useful in virtually any industry. It is also useful for those interested in mathematics research or academia. If you wonder what you can do with a math degree , a PhD will equip you with many valuable skills.

Yes, a PhD in Mathematics is difficult to learn. It is difficult to be admitted to a doctoral program in mathematics, and it is also difficult and too abstract for most people to grasp advanced mathematical principles taught in PhD studies. Doctoral math studies are objectively difficult, even for those who are naturally strong at math and have excelled at it their whole life.

Mathematicians need several skills like active learning, complex problem-solving, critical thinking, and analytical skills. A good mathematician also needs information ordering and inductive and deductive reasoning abilities.

Mathematicians mainly explore mathematical principles or models and create their own mathematical theories and concepts. Most of the work they do is in the theoretical realm, that is why they mainly want to work in IT, social science, engineering, or financial fields.

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• Preparing for graduate school

Recommended Mathematical Training to Prepare for Graduate School in Economics

Although economics graduate programs have varying admissions requirements, graduate training in economics is highly mathematical. Most economics PhD programs expect applicants to have had advanced calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, and basic probability theory. Many applicants have completed a course in real analysis. This means that undergraduates thinking about graduate school in economics should take 1-2 mathematics courses each semester. About half of the students entering PhD programs in economics earn a Master's degree beforehand. Many shore up their math preparation during this period.

Note: Different universities will title and number their math courses differently. This list is meant as a general guideline; students should check the math requirements of Master's and PhD programs to which they are applying for more specific guidelines.

Minimal Recommendation for entrance into an Economics Master's program

• Calculus and Analytic Geometry (at least 2 semesters)

Topics include functions, limits and continuity, differentiation, applications of the derivative, curve sketching, and integration theory, methods of integration, applications of the integral, Taylor's theorem, infinite sequences and series.

• Matrix Theory/Linear Algebra

Topics include matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, determinants, vector algebra and geometry, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, vector spaces, subspaces, bases, and dimension, linear transformations, representation by matrices, nullity, rank, diagonalization, inner products, adjoints, unitary, and orthogonal transformations.

• Statistics (at least 2 semesters) :

Topics include fundamentals of probability theory, confidence intervals, and tests of hypothesis for normal distributions, one- and two-sample tests and associated confidence intervals for means and proportions, analysis of variance, F-tests, correlation, regression, contingency tables, and statistical analysis using the computer.

Additional Highly Recommended Courses for entrance into an Economics Master's program

• Calculus of Several Variables/Multivariable Calculus

Topics include two and three dimensional geometry, manipulation and application of vectors, functions of several variables, contour maps, graphs, partial derivatives, gradients, double and triple integration, vector fields, line integrals, surface integrals.

• Methods for Data Analysis

Topics include statistical inference and design, t-tools, non-parametric alternatives, one-way ANOVA, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, and variable selection procedures, statistical thinking, appropriate inference, interpretation of results, and writing, principles of experimental design, multi-factor ANOVA, repeated measures, logistic regression, Poison log-linear regression, multivariate and time series analyses, graphical techniques, data collection plans, populations, samples, and sampling distributions, inferences on means and proportions, simple linear regression. Should include both theory and empirical components and use SAS, Stata, R, Matlab, or a similar statistical software program.

Minimal Recommendation for entrance into a PhD program - the above, plus

• Differential Equations

Topics include introduction to qualitative, quantitative, and numerical methods for ordinary differential equations, modeling via differential equations, linear and nonlinear first order differential equations and systems, transform techniques.

• Probability Theory

Topics include discrete and continuous random variables, expected value, variance, joint, marginal and conditional distributions, conditional expectations, applications, simulation, central limit theorem, order statistics.

• Mathematical Statistics

Topics include theory of point estimation, interval estimation, and hypothesis testing.

Additional Recommended Courses for PhD preparation

• Methods of Proof

Topics include reasoning and communication in mathematics, including logic, generalization, existence, definition, proof, and the language of mathematics, functions, relations, set theory, recursion, algebra, and number theory.

• Stochastic Processes

Topics include conditional probability theory, discrete and continuous time markov chains, birth and death processes and long run behavior, Poisson processes, and system reliability.

• Real Analysis

Topics include a rigorous development of calculus with formal proofs, functions, sequences, limits, continuity, differentiation, integration, rigorous development of multivariate calculus, differentiable functions, inversion theorem, multiple integrals, line and surface integrals, and infinite series.

2024 Easiest PhD Programs to Get Online [Guide]

If you’ve always wanted to put the title of “Doctor” in front of your name, then you might be curious about the easiest PhD to get. While all PhD studies require hard work, you may find some programs easier than others.

Surveying the landscape of available programs can give you an idea of which degree would be most suitable for your interests, availability, and academic skills.

Editorial Listing ShortCode:

Then, you can settle on the PhD program that not only will be easiest for you but could also contribute to achieving your goals.

Universities Offering Easiest Online PhD Degree Programs

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer PhD programs online or in a hybrid format with no dissertation, no residency requirement, no GRE or GMAT requirement, less math and science required, or accelerated programs.

Adams State University

Adams State University offers a PhD Counselor Education and Supervision. The low-residency program requires campus visits over the course of 4 summers. Cohorts begin each fall and follow a semester schedule.GRE or GMAT scores are not required. Adams State prefers 2 years of counseling experience for applicants.

Adams State University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Amridge University

A PhD in Interdisciplinary Studies can be earned online through Amridge University. Courses are 8 to 14 weeks long. There are no residency requirements. On average, the 51 required credits may be completed in 4 years.

Amridge University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Capella University

Capella University offers several PhD programs, including Psychology, Education, Business Management, and Behavior Analysis. Most programs require a dissertation or capstone project. Capella does not require GRE or GMAT scores. Some programs require short residencies or field experiences. Courses are 10 weeks long.

Capella University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Colorado State University

A PhD in Music Therapy can be earned through Colorado State University. The program is in an accelerated format and may be completed in as little as 3 to 5 years. All courses are online and there are no residency requirements. The program does not require GRE or GMAT scores.

Colorado State is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Concordia University – Chicago

Concordia University – Chicago offers a PhD in Leadership with an emphasis in Sports Leadership through its fully online program. Most courses are 8 weeks long, and dissertation and research courses are a full semester. On average, the program requirements may be completed in 3 years.

Concordia University – Chicago is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

East Carolina University

A PhD in Nursing is available through East Carolina University. All coursework is fully online. The low-residency program requires campus visits for immersive experiences for the first 2 years. GRE or GMAT scores are not required to apply. The program offers concentrations in Nursing Education and Nursing Leadership.

East Carolina University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Faulkner University

Faulkner University offers 3 online PhD programs, including Health Sciences, Humanities, and Biblical Studies. A dissertation is required and the program may allow presentation through a virtual meeting. Faulkner does not require applicants to submit GRE or GMAT scores. On average, the program may be completed in18 months.

Faulkner University  is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Grand Canyon University

Grand Canyon University offers multiple PhD programs. All programs are a PhD in General Psychology with emphases like Performance Psychology, Cognition and Instruction, and Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Most programs have low residency requirements and require sessions of 3 to 5 days on campus. Test scores may not be required.

GCU is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Hampton University

Hampton University offers 4 online PhD programs, including Business Administration, Nursing, Counselor Education and Supervision, and Education Management. Some programs are in a hybrid format and require short residencies during the summers. Applicants are not required to submit GMAT or GRE scores. There are start dates in the fall, spring, and summer.

Hampton University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Indiana State University

A PhD in Educational Administration with a concentration in Higher Education Leadership is offered through Indiana State University. The program requires 45 coursework hours and 15 dissertation hours. The program requires residencies during the summer. The required coursework can typically be completed in 5 semesters.

Indiana State University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Johnson University

Johnson University offers a PhD in Leadership Studies. The program is designed for those who want to further their careers. There are various concentrations, including Educational Leadership, Ministry Leadership, and Theology of Leadership. The program is online with start dates in the fall or spring semesters.

Johnson University  is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Liberty University

Liberty University offers a wide selection of online PhD programs. Many programs are fully online with some requiring short campus residencies for intensives. Courses are 8 weeks long, and there are 8 convenient start dates each year. Programs include Aviation, Organization and Management, Strategic Media, Bible Exposition, and Criminal Justice.

Liberty University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

National University

A PhD can be earned online through National University. While most programs are fully online, some require short residencies or internships. Courses are 4 weeks long, and there are several start dates throughout the year. National’s PhD programs include Business Administration, Technology Management, Human Resource Management, and Marriage and Family Therapy.

National University is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.

Regent University

Regent University offers the opportunity to earn a PhD in Organizational Leadership with an emphasis in Entrepreneurial Leadership. The program is fully online and does not require GRE or GMAT scores. Courses are taught through a Christian worldview and include Kingdom Business Leadership Strategies. The program requires 60 credits.

Regent University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Trident University International

Trident University International offers a PhD in Educational Leadership. The program is fully online. Various concentrations are available including Educational Technology and Teaching, Learning, and Development. Courses are 12 weeks long and are offered during the fall, winter, spring, and summer. The program may allow credit for prior experience.

Trident University International is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

University of Arizona

The University of Arizona Global Campus offers 3 online PhD programs including Organizational Development and Leadership, Education, and Human Services. All residencies are virtual. Courses are asynchronous. Most doctoral courses are 6 weeks long, while capstone courses are 9 weeks. UAGC does not require GRE or GMAT scores.

The University of Arizona is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.

University of Florida

The University of Florida offers multiple online PhD programs including Classical Civilization and Latin & Roman Studies. The programs are designed with flexible schedules and special sessions during breaks. Courses are online with aPhDresidency during the summer. The program requires 60 credits.

The University of Florida is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

University of Missouri – Columbia

The University of Missouri – Columbia offers a PhD in Human Environmental Sciences with an emphasis in Architectural Studies. The program is fully online with no required residencies. UM offers an optional on-campus workshop during the summer. Courses follow a semester schedule. The program can typically be completed in 5 years.

The University of Missouri – Columbia is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

A PhD in Educational Psychology and Research with a concentration in Adult & Continuing Education is available through the University of Tennessee – Knoxville. The program is fully online. Courses follow a semester schedule with fall and spring start dates. Test scores are not required to apply.

The University of Tennessee – Knoxville is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Walden University

Walden University offers several PhD programs online, including Counselor Education & Supervision, Criminal Justice, and Health Education & Promotion. Most programs are fully online and some require short residencies. The school offers course-based and self-paced programs with several yearly start dates.

Walden is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

What Is the Easiest PhD to Get?

You can expect every PhD program to be rigorous and challenging. Even still, there may be some programs that you’d find easier than others.

Because people have unique aptitudes and interests, everyone’s definition of “easy” is a bit different. Despite that, the following characteristics are often associated with easier PhD programs:

• Asynchronous online classes
• Fast-track course format—often involving 8 week classes
• Fewer in-person campus visits required
• Fewer science and mathematics classes
• No dissertation required
• Opportunity to transfer in multiple credits
• Shorter overall length

The following programs are often listed among the easiest and fastest PhD programs online. Select the program that most interests you to jump to that section of the guide:

PhD in Business Administration

Phd in counseling, phd in criminal justice, phd in education, phd in human services, phd in public administration, phd in public health, phd in public policy, phd in psychology, phd in theology.

Exploring your options may help you determine which academic path is right for you.

For a business PhD, you may take classes in econometrics, information systems, decision-making, innovation, and statistics.

There are often many concentration options available, including finance, organizational leadership, marketing, and management. Your focus area will largely determine what classes you take. A business-related PhD will address theories of effective business practices and leadership.

This degree could help prepare you to teach business courses or spearhead research in management and operations. Having a business PhD could also equip you to take a lead role in your organization, such as becoming a chief executive.

Topics addressed in counseling PhD programs often include counseling techniques, personality theories, human development, and mental disorders. The classes may also teach you about developing and evaluating programs.

You may gain practical experience in a real-world counseling setting. Some students who get this degree opt for a concentration in counselor supervision. That track would prepare you to help future psychology students gain the education and experience they’ll need.

With this degree, you might teach psychology classes or become a licensed counseling psychologist who works with patients.

As a student in a criminal justice PhD program, you will study criminology and victimology. The classes may teach you about terrorism, intelligence, and security. It’s possible you will learn about new developments in forensics. You’ll also spend time thinking about policies and practices for preventing crime and rehabilitating offenders.

Having this degree would qualify you to teach criminal justice to college students, but there are also many practitioner paths you could take with it. The options might include policymaking, criminal profiling and investigations, and military leadership.

PhD students in education programs often study learning theories and educational technology. If you enroll in this program, you may also discuss issues facing modern schools and consider solutions.

Many education PhDs focus on curriculum and instruction. Students study the best ways to help learners acquire and retain new information. Within that discipline, there may be a variety of concentrations available, such as early childhood and literacy.

PhD holders may be leaders in school districts and state boards of education. Being a college professor who trains future educators is another potential option.

As a student in a human services program, you are likely to study social issues and potential solutions. Possible topics include mental health, crime, disaster management, and aging populations.

In addition, you may gain practical skills related to the responsibilities involved in leading human services organizations. For example, you might study grant writing, needs assessment, and program implementation.

With a human services PhD, you may become a researcher or a policymaker who considers ways to address social issues. You could also lead community organizations designed for meeting people’s needs.

The courses in a public administration PhD program often cover organizational theories, policymaking procedures, management techniques, and program leadership. You might also study economics, finance, human resources, decision-making, and strategic planning.

Some PhD programs include joint studies in both public administration and public policy. Learning about public administration at the doctoral level might help prepare you to lead government or nonprofit organizations. It could also be useful for anyone interested in directing public policy, conducting policy-related research, teaching public administration courses, or working in a legislative capacity.

Doctoral candidates in public health learn about biostatistics and epidemiology. It’s also helpful to understand factors that influence people’s health, such as genetics, environment, and human behavior.

If you get a PhD in Public Health, you may study grant writing, health ethics, and the structure of the healthcare system as well. This PhD could be useful for anyone who wants to be involved in research and development for public health policies. The degree could also lead to a career as a public health professor or the leader of a healthcare organization.

Advanced study in public policy requires learning about economics, political science, sociology, and statistics. You’ll also practice both quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Your curriculum may include classes in modern social justice issues, nonprofit leadership, policy ethics, and international development. The degree may allow you to specialize in a certain area of public policy. Examples include education, healthcare, poverty, and energy.

Public policy PhD holders know how to conduct critical analyses that can influence policy development. As researchers or educators, they may work in university, government, or NGO settings.

The curriculum for your PhD in Psychology might include classes in psychological testing, human development, cognitive processes, change management, and survey methods.

You may also learn how to teach psychology concepts to students and provide valuable consulting services to organizations. As a student in psychology, you might choose a concentration area. Ideas include health psychology, developmental psychology, educational psychology, and community psychology.

People with PhDs in Psychology often work as professors, social science researchers, or consultants. They might also qualify to become licensed to work in private practice or other healthcare settings as clinical or counseling psychologists.

For a degree in theology, students may learn about religious traditions, sacred texts, belief systems, and ethical teachings. Theology degrees are often offered by religious universities, and most focus on the teachings and practices of the Christian tradition.

To earn this PhD, you might be required to become proficient in one or more languages. Common examples are Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. French and German may be options too. Graduates may become theology or religion professors in the US or overseas. Alternatively, they may become authors or ministry leaders.

Easy PhD Programs Admissions Requirements

Even if you are selecting one of the easiest or shortest PhD programs, you’ll still go through an extensive application process. A few common requirements are listed below:

• Goal statement to let the school know about your research interests and career plans
• Official transcripts from all colleges you’ve attended
• Recommendation letters
• GRE or GMAT test scores (not required at all schools)

Many PhD programs require you to hold a master’s degree before applying.

Easiest PhD Programs Accreditation

When you’re searching for the easiest doctoral degree, you may come across some unaccredited universities that promise easy PhDs. While their programs may be tempting, it’s advantageous to focus your attention only on accredited schools. Even when hoping for an easy degree, you don’t want to compromise on quality.

Regionally accredited colleges have shown themselves to be quality institutions where you’ll receive a credible education. The credits often transfer between schools, and the degrees they confer earn employers’ respect.

Should I Get a PhD?

If you want to be a college instructor, then getting a PhD would certainly be an asset. The academia-focused PhD degree is often a strategic choice for aspiring university-level educators.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics says that postsecondary instructors earn a median of $79,640 annually. A PhD is a large commitment, though. Even if you choose one of the easiest programs, you’ll dedicate significant time and effort to this undertaking. It can help to be a person who thoroughly enjoys school, particularly the research and writing aspects.

Do You Need a Masters to Get a PhD?

Not all PhD programs require a masters degree as part of the admissions process. Some regularly admit students straight from undergraduate programs. Whether you’ll be able to find PhD programs like that will likely depend on your field of study.

Keep in mind that master’s degrees prepare students for graduate-level research. If you haven’t previously earned a graduate degree, then you may be required to take some foundational classes near the beginning of your PhD program.

What Can You Do with a PhD?

People with PhDs often become educators at the college level. Working as a higher education administrator is a similar line of work for people with PhDs to consider. Other graduates become scientific researchers. Examples include medical scientists, information research scientists, sociologists, and economists.

A PhD may qualify someone to head up research projects. Some people with PhDs work as practitioners in their field. For example, some PhD professionals work as business executives or clinical psychologists, depending on their field.

Can You Get a PhD Online?

Yes, many students earn their PhDs online! Programs offered online are often considered among the easiest PhDs to get because of their flexible nature. They don’t require relocating to a college campus or attending classes at set times. Rather, you can fit online studies into your regular life.

Some PhD programs ask online students to come to campus occasionally. You may be required to attend a week-long intensive session or meet with your faculty advisor. Other programs are fully online, and you can even defend your dissertation through the computer.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD Online?

In general, 3 to 5 years is a pretty common timeframe for earning a PhD. Usually, programs involve a couple of years of classes followed by several years of dissertation work.

If you can complete your dissertation quickly—or if your program doesn’t require a dissertation—you can graduate sooner. Many no-dissertation online PhD programs can be completed in 3 years or less. In some fields, you may even find the option for a 12-month or 18-month doctorate without dissertation.

How Much Does a PhD Cost?

There’s a wide range of typical costs for PhD programs, but many schools charge between $600 and $1,000 per credit hour.

The number of credit hours required will depend not only on how many classes you’re required to take but also on how long you spend working on your dissertation. For a less expensive degree, you could focus your school search on in-state public universities. You might be able to receive a resident rate of just $300 to $400 per credit hour.

Are There 1 Year Online Doctoral Programs?

It may be possible for you to earn a doctorate in close to 1 year. Most PhD programs take 3 years or more, but there are exceptions. To finish school in 1 year, it’d be necessary to pick the easiest PhD without dissertation.

Writing a dissertation can take several years, but not all doctoral degrees require this major project. For 1 year online doctoral programs , you’ll likely want a program with year-round coursework offered in an accelerated format. For example, you may be able to complete each course in just 1 month or 2 months.

What’s the Difference Between a Doctorate vs. PhD Degree?

There are different types of doctoral degrees, including professional doctorates and PhDs. Consider which is best for you.

Many students can finish professional doctorates more quickly than PhDs—often 1 year or 2 years faster.

Getting Your PhD Degree Online

Your future plans may include earning one of the easiest doctorate degrees. Getting a PhD could enhance your life and career in many ways. You may feel personally fulfilled after achieving this goal, and it might help you secure your dream career as well.

How many PhD programs should you apply to ? To ensure that you have sufficient time to create well-crafted applications for each university, it is generally advised by experts to consider applying to a range of 4 to 6 PhD programs.

If you choose easy PhD degrees, doctoral studies may not take over your life. Rather, you might be able to quickly complete school while also balancing your personal responsibilities. Getting your PhD online could really help with that.

With online PhD studies, you can earn your degree from anywhere. What could you get a PhD in ? You could start exploring accredited universities with easy PhD programs today!

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Gre prep online guides and tips, graduate school acceptance rates: can you get in.

Even the most qualified and confident applicants worry about getting into grad school. But don’t panic! Graduate school acceptance rates, which give the percentage of applicants that were admitted to a particular school or program in an academic year, can help you determine how likely you are to get into a given program.  But where can you find grad school admissions statistics?

In this article, we’ll first investigate the trends and factors associated with graduate school acceptance rates. Then, we’ll take a look at some of the current acceptance rates and give you expert tips on how to find acceptance rates for your programs. Finally, we’ll show you how to determine your odds of getting into grad school.

Graduate School Acceptance Rates: Factors and Trends

Grad school acceptance rates are the same as any other acceptance rate: the lower the acceptance rate, the more selective the school or program is. Similarly, the higher the acceptance rate, the less selective the school or program is. As with undergrad acceptance rates, grad school acceptance rates vary widely, from extraordinarily selective (less than 5 percent) to incredibly lenient (nearly 100 percent).

Unlike undergrad rates, though, grad school acceptance rates are usually calculated for specific programs or departments and  not for entire universities. This is because with grad school, you are essentially applying to an individual program rather than an overall institution (as you did for undergrad).

Now that we’ve covered all of the basics, let’s look at a few key trends. Our research indicates there are three major factors that help determine grad school acceptance rates:

• School or program prestige
• Degree type
• Amount of funding

Let’s look at how each of these factors influences grad school acceptance rates.

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#1: School or Program Prestige

How prestigious a particular grad school or program is can affect its overall competitiveness and selectivity. In general, the more prestigious a program is, the more competitive it’ll be and thus the lower acceptance rate it’ll have.

An easy way to determine school or program prestige is to consult official rankings, such as those listed on  U.S. News . (Grad schools are typically ranked by field or program and   not by overall institution.)

For example, a 2017  U.S. News  list of the best political science grad programs  ranked Duke’s political science program at #7 and Northwestern’s at #23. Because both of the programs have fairly high rankings, it’s safe to assume they’re probably quite selective.

And this is true: in 2016,  Duke  reported a mere 10 percent acceptance rate to its political science doctoral program, while  Northwestern  reported a 12 percent acceptance rate.

#2: Degree Type

Another major factor is degree type. Generally,  doctoral programs tend to be more selective than master’s programs (though this isn’t always the case as I’ll explain in a moment). This trend is likely due to the fact that doctoral programs often look for higher-quality applicants with proven academic track records and more relevant experience in their fields.

For example, in 2016  University of Michigan’s math doctoral program  had a 17.2 percent acceptance rate, whereas its master’s program  had a much higher 31.8 percent rate. In this case, the doctoral program is clearly tougher to get into than the master’s program.

Still,   master’s programs can have lower acceptance rates than doctoral programs. If we were to take the University of Michigan’s grad programs in computer science and engineering, we’d find that the doctoral program has  a 15 percent acceptance rate  and the master’s  an even lower 8 percent acceptance rate .

Additionally, M.F.A. programs are particularly cutthroat. In 2015, the creative writing M.F.A. program at UT Austin’s James A. Michener Center for Writers only admitted 12 out of 678 applicants — that’s a mere 1.8 percent acceptance rate !

#3: Amount of Funding

Funding, too, plays a big role in how selective a grad program is.

Well-funded  programs typically receive more applications than those offering little to no aid, thereby raising their selectivity. Competition is especially fierce for fully funded programs — possibly because fewer people are willing to go into debt for grad school.

Compared to fully funded doctoral programs, fully funded master’s programs are somewhat rare and thus pretty competitive. UT Austin’s Creative Writing M.F.A. program, for instance, is not only a prestigious program but also one of the most well-funded Creative Writing M.F.A. programs in the country: it  offers full tuition remission and a $27,500 stipend per academic year . It’s no wonder, then, that its acceptance rate is below 2 percent!

What Are the Current Graduate School Acceptance Rates?

For this section, we’ve scoured the internet to bring you a robust assortment of acceptance rates for popular U.S. grad schools.

Before we dive in, note that not all institutions calculate grad school acceptance rates using the same methodologies. Some offer only a single acceptance rate for all of their grad schools put together, while others offer individual rates by school, field, or program.

Now, let’s see how selective these schools really are!

*Statistics for NYU are based on the number of enrolled students and not the number of admitted students. Therefore, expect actual acceptance rates to be slightly higher.

How to Find Graduate School Acceptance Rates: 4 Methods

Unfortunately, grad school admissions statistics tend to be more difficult to find than undergrad acceptance rates.  But there are ways to search for them — you just have to do a lot of digging and possibly a little reaching out.

Below are our top four methods for finding grad school acceptance rates for the programs you’re applying to.

#1: Consult School Websites

By far the most reliable resources for grad school admissions statistics are  school websites.

Start your search by consulting program and departmental pages, particularly admissions and FAQ pages. Look out for any statistics-related keywords or phrases, such as “admission(s) rates,” “acceptance rates,” “enrollment,” “facts and figures,” etc. Use ctrl+F to move swiftly through large chunks of text.

Not all schools publish grad admissions information online, and those that do don’t always report it in the same way as others. For example, Princeton offers a handy PDF  containing acceptance rates for all academic fields of study. On the other hand,  Notre Dame  gives separate admissions charts for each of its grad programs (which you can access by selecting a program and then clicking “Admissions Statistics”).

Additionally, many schools release admissions statistics without explicitly publishing acceptance rates.  In this case, it’s your job to take the statistics provided and use them to calculate an acceptance rate. To find the acceptance rate of a school or program, you’ll need the following information:

• The total number of applicants in a year
• The total number of applicants granted admission  that year

The acceptance rate equals the total number of applicants offered admission divided by the total number of applicants and then multiplied by 100, or:

$$\acceptance \rate = {\number \of \applicants \offered \admission}/{\total \number \of \applicants}100$$

Be sure to  avoid conflating the number of students who were  offered admission   with the number of students who accepted their offers of admission. These two concepts sound alike but are actually different. What you’re looking for is the first statistic — that is, the number of admitted students (regardless of whether they decided to enroll).

If you’re having trouble finding admissions statistics by browsing school websites, search on Google for “[Your School] graduate acceptance rate” and see if any relevant school pages appear. While searching for acceptance rates to use in the table above, I consistently swapped “acceptance rate” with similar phrases, such as “admission(s) rate,” “facts and figures,” “student statistics,” “admittance rates,” and “admission(s) statistics.”

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Don’t be afraid to get creative! You can also use phrases like “Ph.D. admissions statistics” or “master’s admissions statistics” to narrow your search even further. Try to think outside the box as you do your research. What are other ways people talk about acceptance rates?

#2: Check  U.S. News

If your school or program doesn’t offer any admissions statistics on its website, go to  U.S. News . This website offers official rankings of grad programs as well as lists of the most (and least) selective programs in various fields.

For example, I found a 2016 list of the most competitive online M.B.A. programs  and a 2015 list of the most competitive online graduate engineering programs .

If U.S. News doesn’t offer any relevant lists for you to use, try skimming the current grad school rankings to gauge how competitive your program is compared with others in the same field.

#3: Search Other Websites

One less reliable method for looking up grad school admissions statistics is to  look for (unofficial) websites discussing acceptance rates for your school or program.

The Grad Cafe’s  admissions results  section is a solid place to start. Here, applicants post whether they’ve been accepted, rejected, or waitlisted for grad programs.

Search for your program to get a rough feel for how many acceptances and rejections go out each year. You might notice that certain types of applicants are more active than others. Creative Writing M.F.A. applicants, for example, are prolific posters in winter and spring (during admissions season).

Occasionally, Google itself will provide you with grad school acceptance rates, but this only appears to work consistently for well-known law schools, medical schools, and business schools.

Additionally, while using Google, don’t assume that any acceptance rates that pop up are directly connected to your search terms. For example, when I searched “stanford graduate acceptance rate,” Google gave me this result:

This 4.8 percent acceptance rate is  not  the acceptance rate for Stanford’s grad programs (what I searched for) but rather the acceptance rate for undergrads. So always cross-check any statistics Google gives you.

You can also consult grad school data websites such as  Peterson’s and StartClass . Take their grad school acceptance rates with a grain of salt, though — their data isn’t always verifiable online. If possible, try to compare any data you find on these types of websites with the school websites themselves or U.S. News .

#4: Contact Schools

If the internet isn’t giving you the help you need, call or email your schools. Be polite but upfront: ask whether the school calculates acceptance rates for grad programs and where you can find this information online (if available).

If a school refuses to divulge admissions statistics or simply doesn’t report acceptance rates, see if they can give you estimates for how many applications they receive each year, or for how many acceptances they usually extend to applicants in your program.

Graduate School Acceptance: What Are Your Odds?

By this point, you might be wondering how likely it is you’ll actually get into the grad program you wish to attend. After all, acceptance rates are pretty broad — they tell you what everyone’s odds are but not your odds specifically.

Below are three easy steps for determining your odds of getting into grad school, including advice on when it’s better to go for it or choose another program.

Step 1: Check Program Requirements

First, go to your program’s website and pinpoint the admissions requirements page. Now, ask yourself:  do you meet all of the program’s basic requirements? If not, you’ll likely wind up with a rejection (and might not even be able to apply).

However, if you’re still interested in applying, contact the program and ask if they’ll make an exception for you. Your chance of getting accepted is still low, but you’ll at least have your application considered.

If your program strongly recommends qualities you lack, don’t interpret this as an automatic rejection. Sometimes, applicants can make up for deficiencies in other ways. For example, if your undergrad GPA is 3.1 and your program recommends applicants have a minimum 3.2, don’t write off the program — you might still have a shot at getting in as long as the rest of your application is solid.

On the other hand, even if you meet all of a program’s requirements, you’re not necessarily a shoo-in. Remember, all other applicants have met these requirements, too, so you’ll need to find a unique way to make your application stand out.

Step 2: Find Average GRE Scores and GPAs

Your next step is to look up your program’s average GRE scores and GPA  to see how your own scores and GPA compare with those of previously admitted applicants.

You can usually find GRE score information on admissions requirements or FAQ pages. You can also search on Google for “[Your School] [Your Program] average GRE scores.” For step-by-step instructions on how to find average GRE scores, check out  my article on average GRE scores by school .

For GPAs, you can use the same basic methodology. Check admissions requirements and FAQ pages and use ctrl+F to search for “GPA.” If GPA information is available, you’ll most likely come across minimum GPAs or average GPAs (or both). For more tips on how to find GPA information for your grad schools, read our guide .

Now, compare your own GRE scores and GPA with the averages you’ve found. Below are all possible scenarios and what they mean for you and your odds of getting into the program:

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• Your GRE scores and GPA are both  higher than your program’s averages:  Congratulations! You have an excellent chance of getting accepted, especially if the rest of your application is equally impressive. Keep up the great work!
• Your GRE scores and GPA are both  about the same as your program’s averages:  You’re doing pretty well! You are just the type of applicant your program is looking for. The only drawback is that you probably won’t stand out as much from other applicants who have similar GRE scores and GPAs. So take time to make your application sparkle (I’m looking at you, statement of purpose).
• Your GRE scores and GPA are both lower than your program’s averages (or just one of the two is lower):  It ain’t over ’til it’s over! You can still make up for your deficiencies in other ways. While you can’t change your GPA, you can retake the GRE . If your GPA is low, a great strategy for combating this is to discuss it in your statement of purpose, taking care to highlight any external factors that contributed to the low GPA as well as any attributes of yours that prove you’re indeed ready for grad school.

Step 3: Decide Whether to Apply

Now, we get to the final question: do you apply to the program or not?  This is a vague question that’s difficult to answer as is. The real questions you should be asking yourself are as follows:

• Do I meet all of the program’s basic requirements?
• Do I meet most or all of the program’s expectations of applicants (in terms of GRE scores, GPA, etc.)?
• Is the program’s acceptance rate extremely low?
• Do I really like this program?

Although acceptance rates and GRE/GPA comparisons are helpful, don’t base your decision to apply solely on how difficult the program is to get into. We can’t know for sure what kind of applicant a grad program is looking for or who they’re willing to make an exception for.

Take a moment to think deeply about how interested you are in this particular program. Be realistic about your chances of getting in — but don’t cross the line into pessimism. If you don’t meet most or all of a program’s expectations and you’re not super invested in it, consider applying elsewhere.

But if you meet some, most, or all of a program’s expectations and you’re extremely interested in enrolling, give the application a go. Remember, it’s totally normal (and even encouraged) to have a few reach schools. Plus, you’ll never get in if you don’t apply!

Key Takeaways: Graduate School Acceptance Rates

Grad school acceptance rates quantify for us the selectivity of grad schools and programs. More specifically, acceptance rates tell us  what percentage of applicants were offered admission to a particular grad school or program. 

With grad school, acceptance rates are often reported for individual schools or programs,  not  entire universities. Acceptance rates can vary widely depending on program prestige, the type of degree you’re seeking, and how much (or how little) funding a program offers.

Unlike undergrad acceptance rates, grad school acceptance rates are somewhat difficult to locate online. You can look for them using any of the following four methods:

• Peruse school websites
• Check grad school facts and lists on  U.S. News
• Browse other websites and forums such as The Grad Cafe
• Call or email your schools

When trying to determine your  odds of getting into a program, look at your program’s requirements as well as the average GPA and GRE scores of previously admitted applicants to your program. If your GRE scores and GPA are comparable to those of your program, you have a decent shot at getting accepted. If one or both are lower than your program’s averages, however, you can always try to  raise your GRE score  with a retake or address your GPA in your statement of purpose.

At the end of the day, what ultimately matters isn’t that you get accepted to a highly competitive grad program but that you make the right decision for you and you alone!

What’s Next?

Need help with your grad school application?  Learn about the most common grad school requirements  and get tips on how to write a grad school CV or resume !

Is your GPA good enough for grad school ?  Read our in-depth guide to learn how you can make up for a less-than-stellar GPA and ultimately raise your chances of getting into the school of your dreams.

Do you have to take the GRE for grad school ? When are grad school deadlines ?  Check out our guides for answers to these questions and more.

Ready to improve your GRE score by 7 points?

Author: Hannah Muniz

Hannah graduated summa cum laude from the University of Southern California with a bachelor’s degree in English and East Asian languages and cultures. After graduation, she taught English in Japan for two years via the JET Program. She is passionate about education, writing, and travel. View all posts by Hannah Muniz

Easiest Grad Schools to Get Into [2024 Guide]

What are the easiest grad schools to get into? Getting into graduate school takes work no matter what school or program you’re applying to, but easier admissions and coursework requirements might make the experience less demanding.

Some factors that can make a master’s program seem easier than others include 100% online classes, no thesis requirement, or a curriculum that isn’t heavily focused on mathematics or science.

Editorial Listing ShortCode:

Read on to discover grad programs from various fields of study that are considered less difficult to get into and complete.

Easiest Grad Schools to Get Into

While getting into any graduate school takes dedication and work, there are a few things that can make getting into a graduate school easier for most students.

Some factors that can make getting into a graduate school more difficult include a high minimum GPA requirement, a thesis or internship requirement, a high tuition rate, and a low acceptance rate. The easiest graduate schools to get into may not require prerequisites, GRE test scores, or internship experience.

Some master’s programs may be considered easier because they offer a more flexible schedule or major coursework that you’re comfortable with.

Select the program that most interests you to jump to that section of the guide:

• Online Masters in Accounting
• Online Master of Business Administration
• Online Masters in Communications
• Online Masters in Criminal Justice
• Online Masters in Education and Teaching
• Online Masters in Healthcare Administration
• Online Masters in Human Resource Management
• Online Masters in Human Services
• Online Masters in Information Technology
• Online Masters in Liberal Arts
• Online Masters in Marketing
• Online Masters in Nursing
• Online Masters in Psychology
• Online Masters in Social Work
• Online Masters in Sports Management

You may want to explore your options to decide which program is right for you.

Masters in Accounting

A master’s in accounting can be one of the easiest master’s degree programs for those who have an undergraduate degree in accounting.

While accounting graduate programs involve studying complex formulas and financial concepts, many of these topics are introduced in undergraduate accounting courses. Some topics typically explored include taxation, financial and managerial accounting, and fraud examination. This degree may be useful for mid- to senior-level positions in finance or accounting.

Master of Business Administration (MBA)

An MBA can help prepare you for a business career as a manager, chief executive officer, or similar administrative role.

A background in business or a similar area of study can be helpful in understanding business and leadership concepts explored in an MBA program. An MBA can be a flexible degree because specializations are usually offered so you can study a certain aspect of business, such as project management or business analytics.

Masters in Communication

Communication can be one of the easiest masters programs to get into, depending on the school, because it usually doesn’t require a specific undergraduate degree for entry.

Communication graduate programs can be useful for pursuing a career that requires advanced communication techniques, such as marketing manager or public relations manager. Topics typically covered in this program include digital media, mass communication, and public and media relations.

Masters in Criminal Justice

A masters in criminal justice studies criminology and various aspects of crime, such as cybercrime, the justice system, forensics, and crime and justice policies.

Some master’s in criminal justice programs are offered fully online and have accelerated semester schedule options, making the program more flexible. A master’s in criminal justice can be useful for senior-level positions, such as senior correction officer, fraud investigator, federal agent, or criminologist.

Masters in Education and Teaching

A masters degree in education and teaching can help you advance in your career and increase your earning potential. Some education careers that typically require a masters degree include instructional coordinator, dean of students, and principal.

If you currently hold a bachelor’s in education and enjoyed taking the undergraduate coursework required, you might find the courses in a master’s in education easier to complete.

Masters in Healthcare Administration

A masters in healthcare administration focuses on the development of leadership skills and practices in the healthcare industry.

Some courses typically offered in this program include organizational behavior, data-driven healthcare management, and legal and ethical issues in healthcare. A master’s in healthcare administration is designed to prepare you for a leadership position in various sectors of the healthcare industry, such as hospital administration, healthcare advocacy, or healthcare consulting.

Masters in Human Resources

Some masters in human resources programs are available fully online with a non-thesis track option. Your coursework may review foundational topics relating to HR functions before diving into advanced HR topics related to employment law and ethics, talent management, organizational development, and HR information systems.

This degree can be useful if you want to pursue a leadership position in HR, such as chief HR officer, training and development manager, or HR director.

Masters in Human Services

A masters in human services can introduce you to strategic management practices for human services programs. Financial management, human services program design and evaluation, and social policy and advocacy are a few of the topics that may be studied.

With a master’s in the field, some professionals pursue a career as a human services administrator, human services program director, social and community services manager, or similar leadership role.

Masters in Information Technology (IT)

An IT masters program builds upon IT fundamentals and concepts typically studied at the undergraduate level. Some topics explored in a master’s in IT program might include IT systems planning and development, database design, and data visualization.

This program may help you develop skills and knowledge in IT and computer science that can be applied to a career in data analytics, IT security, software engineering, or information systems management.

Masters in Liberal Arts

A masters in liberal arts is generally considered a flexible degree program because you have the opportunity to focus your studies on several subjects within the arts and humanities.

This multidisciplinary program may help you develop effective communication, critical reasoning, and problem-solving skills that are essential to a variety of careers. A master’s degree in liberal arts can be applied to numerous industries, such as education, business, or art and entertainment.

Masters in Marketing

A master’s in marketing can be valuable if you’re interested in pursuing a leadership role in the marketing sector of the business environment.

Some careers that may be attainable with this degree include market research analyst, marketing manager, sales manager, and public relations manager. Major coursework for this degree focuses on advanced marketing concepts, such as marketing management, product development, brand management, pricing strategy, and consumer behavior.

Masters in Nursing (MSN)

A Master of Science in Nursing is generally a career-oriented program that allows current or aspiring nursing professionals to specialize in a specific area of nursing.

Advanced nursing and healthcare topics are the primary focus of major coursework. Some online programs may have in-person residency requirements. An MSN can be useful for many nursing-related careers that typically require a master’s degree, such as advanced practice registered nurse (APRN), nursing educator, or nurse manager.

Masters in Psychology

A masters degree in psychology studies various types of psychology, along with research methods, psychophysiology, and psychopharmacology.

Specializations for this degree are usually available to allow students to concentrate on a specific aspect of psychology, such as industrial-organizational psychology, clinical psychology, or applied developmental psychology. This degree can be useful for many careers in the psychology field that require an advanced degree, such as psychologist, guidance counselor, and clinical social worker.

Masters in Social Work (MSW)

A Master of Social Work provides an overview of the fundamentals of social work and human behavior before diving into more advanced topics, like research methods for social workers, psychopathology, and social policy.

Most major coursework typically falls under one of the branches of social science. Some careers that typically require a master’s degree in social work or a similar field include school counselor and clinical social worker.

Masters in Sports Management

Online masters in sports management degrees introduce students to management strategies and practices relevant to the sports industry.

Some topics that might be explored include sports event and organization management, strategic marketing, sport finance, and facility management. Some careers this degree can be useful for include athletic director, coach, sports event coordinator, and sports facility manager. Non-thesis tracks for this degree are available, which may be completed in less than 2 years.

How to Choose an Easy Graduate School to Get Into

There are several factors that can influence how easy it is to get into graduate school. To find the easiest graduate schools to get into, you can ask yourself these questions:

• What is the acceptance rate?
• Does the school require test scores?
• Is there a minimum GPA requirement?
• Are there any prerequisite requirements?

Schools often post their acceptance rates online, which is one of the best ways to determine how easy it is to get into the school. Schools with a low acceptance rate are more competitive than schools with high acceptance rates. A high acceptance rate is generally considered at least 50% or higher. This means that at least half of the students who applied were admitted.

Other factors to consider are admissions requirements. Some schools have more rigorous admissions requirements than others. For example, some degree programs require students to hold a specific undergraduate degree to be admitted.

Common Graduate School Admissions Requirements

Admissions requirements can differ between graduate schools, but these are some basic requirements you may encounter:

• Bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution
• Official transcripts
• Minimum GPA
• GRE or GMAT scores (only some schools require them)

The most basic admissions requirements that nearly every grad school will have include an undergraduate degree and official transcripts.

Some schools may have additional requirements, such as a minimum GPA or standardized test scores. While not all schools request them, many graduate schools also ask for letters of recommendation and a personal statement.

Easiest Master Degrees Accreditation

Accreditation is an important factor to consider no matter what degree you want to pursue. Colleges and universities can choose to seek regional accreditation from a regional accrediting agency. Accredited institutions are recognized as offering quality educational services and resources.

Accreditation can be important for graduate school admissions eligibility, employment opportunities, financial aid eligibility, and overall assurance that you’re receiving a quality education. You can search the US Department of Education ’s school database to find accredited postsecondary institutions.

Financial Aid and Scholarships

When narrowing down your list of easy graduate schools to get into, affordability can play a key role. To determine if you’re eligible for federal aid, such as student loans, you can submit a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) through the US Department of Education.

Many schools offer financial assistance to students who demonstrate financial need based on their FAFSA results. Your state may also use these results to determine your eligibility for any state aid opportunities. Financial assistance for college can come in many forms, including loans, grants, work-study programs, employer programs, and scholarships.

Is It Hard to Get Into Grad School?

The level of difficulty to get into grad school can vary and ultimately depends on the school and program of study. Some graduate schools have more rigorous admissions requirements, such as GRE test scores, an admissions interview, or a high minimum GPA. Is it hard to get into grad school ? Grad schools that are considered hard to get into generally have low acceptance rates.

Easy grad schools to get into typically have high acceptance rates. Some also do not require additional admissions criteria outside of the basic requirements of a bachelors degree and official transcripts.

What Do Grad Schools Look For?

While every school is different, here are some things graduate admissions offices often look for when considering prospective students:

• Strong personal statement
• Academic performance
• Coursework completed in your undergraduate program
• Relevant internship, volunteer, or work experience

So, what do graduate schools look for in applicants? If a personal statement is required, graduate schools usually want to know what your interests are and how they relate to the program you’re applying for. Grad schools may also take any relevant work experience you have into consideration. Official transcripts are used to review academic performance and relevant coursework.

Can You Get Into Grad School with a Low GPA?

There are low GPA masters programs available. A satisfactory GPA score for many graduate programs is a 3.0 or higher. But, there are master’s programs that set the minimum GPA requirements at 2.5 or lower.

While having a low GPA may limit your choices, there are still grad schools that accept students with a lower GPA. There are also other opportunities in the application process—such as in a statement of purpose or letters of recommendation—where you can highlight your academic achievements and strengths.

What Are Easy Masters Degrees That Pay Well?

Some masters degrees that are considered less difficult and can lead to high-paying careers include those in communication, education, human resources, business administration, and information technology.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , here are the median annual salaries of high-paying careers that may be attainable with a master’s degree:

• Computer and information systems managers — $164,070
• Marketing managers — $140,040
• Human resources managers — $130,000
• Public relations managers — $129,430
• K-12 education administrators — $101,320

Salary ranges and job availability can vary depending on your chosen industry, level of education, work experience, employer, and location.

Is Grad School Worth It?

Yes, grad school is worth it for many students. Earning a masters degree may demonstrate to employers that you have the skills and abilities to perform specialized tasks or take on additional responsibilities.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the unemployment rate for professionals with a master’s degree is lower compared to professionals with an undergraduate degree or no college experience. There are also many graduate degree careers that are expected to have a faster or much faster than average job growth rate over the next ten years.

Universities Offering Easy Masters Degree Programs Online

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer degree programs online or in a hybrid format.

The Academy of Art University offers a limited number of online graduate programs for students seeking a career in the arts. The school does not require GRE or GMAT scores or letters of recommendation to apply. A master’s degree can potentially be earned in just 4 semesters. Many courses are asynchronous or available via Zoom.

Academy of Art University is accredited by WASC Senior College and University Commission.

Bellevue University does not require test scores from graduate applicants. To apply, prospective students must hold a 2.5 GPA in the last 60 credits of their bachelor’s degrees. A graduate degree may be earned fully online through asynchronous courses. Many courses are taken in an accelerated format, and there are start dates offered throughout the year.

Bellevue University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Brigham Young University does not require test scores or letters of recommendation for graduate applicants. Students must complete an ecclesiastical endorsement and hold a bachelor’s degree with a 3.0 GPA. Students may be able to complete most of their courses in an online or blended format. Graduate programs are offered in athletic training, chemical engineering, and educational leadership.

BYU is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

Letters of recommendation and GRE and GMAT scores are not required to apply to Colorado Technical University’s graduate program. The program requires students to have a 2.0 baccalaureate GPA. A graduate degree may be completed fully online or in a hybrid format. Fields of study offered include criminal justice, healthcare management, and computer science.

Colorado Technical University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Many of DePaul University’s graduate programs have no test score requirements and only require a 2.5 undergraduate GPA.

DePaul offers several graduate degrees that may be earned in online or hybrid formats. Most programs offer start dates four times per year, with courses offered in the fall, winter, spring, and summer. Fields of study offered include game programming and artificial intelligence. DePaul University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association.

Grand Canyon University does not require students with baccalaureate GPAs of 2.8 to submit test scores. Those with lower GPAs may be admitted with qualifying GMAT or GRE scores. Grand Canyon University offers convenient graduate programs with online and evening classes for working students. Programs are offered in urban ministry, addiction counseling, forensic science, and more.

GCU is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Most graduate programs at Herzing University require a 2.7 baccalaureate GPA and a graduate interview to apply. GRE and GMAT scores are typically not required. Herzing offers online graduate degrees in four industries: nursing, healthcare, behavioral health, and business. There are multiple start dates offered throughout the year.

Herzing University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

The University of Maryland Global Campus requires graduate applicants to have a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution.

Most programs allow students to enroll and start earning their first 6 credits as long as official baccalaureate transcripts are submitted before the last day of the first term of enrollment. Graduate degrees may be earned in online or hybrid formats. Courses follow a semester schedule. Fields of study offered include cybersecurity management and policy, transformational leadership, and cloud computing systems.

UMGC is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Wayne State College does not require graduate applicants to submit GMAT or GRE scores. The school offers several graduate degrees at an affordable tuition rate. All courses are fully online. Courses follow a semester schedule and are offered in the fall, spring, and summer. Many courses are asynchronous. Studies are offered in business administration, special education, and more.

Wayne State College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Weber State University only looks at a student’s last 60 hours of undergraduate credit or their GPA in specific courses for graduate admission.

The school offers graduate programs in fully online and hybrid formats. Most courses follow a semester schedule. Fields of study offered include radiologic sciences, taxation, nursing education, and systems engineering.

Weber State University is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

Getting Your Master’s Degree Online

Whether you’re interested in advancing in your field or pursuing a career that requires a graduate degree, earning an online master’s degree could help you work toward your goals.

There are many reasons why a graduate school could be considered easy to get into, such as them having less strict admissions requirements, greater affordability, or a high acceptance rate. Depending on your chosen field of study, online programs may offer more flexibility that makes it easier to get your graduate degree.

You can take your first steps toward getting a graduate degree by researching accredited schools and online programs that best support your interests and career goals.

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Is admission standard for math PhD significantly higher than that for physics PhD?

I'm a student at a small LAC, and I'm considering to apply to both math and physics PhD programs. In my school, which is top 15 but do not have large (20 students in each dep.) or well-known departments for either of these fields, students did significantly better on physics PhD admission than on math PhD admission. For math, many students go instead to master's, and only one or two students can make top 40~70 PhD program per year. For physics, some students went to Caltech, Columbia, UCSB, and other high ranked programs in the last year, which was just as usual. A similar phenomena seem to happen not only in my school. Mathgre.com and Physicsgre.com list applicant profiles and admission results for each PhD program, and they show a similar tendency. For example, students accepted to top pure math PhD programs are exclusively those who got nearly 4.0 GPA, took many grad-level courses, had a significant amount of research experience and come from an undergrad institution with a renowned PhD program. On the other hand, students accepted to top physics PhD programs have more diversity in GPA, their undergrad institution, number of grad-level courses taken and amount of research experience.

What causes this difference? Or is my view wrong? If this difference actually exists, I think the following factors are among the causes:

• Physics PhDs are funded more, and therefore more students can be afforded.
• Physics PhDs have both theoretical and applied subdivisions, while many applied math programs exist as master's programs.
• Math PhDs demand its applicants to take a significant number of grad-level courses, while physics ones don't.

Also, how about the situation when it comes to pure math vs. hep-th in the U.S.?

• mathematics

• 7 Is your first sentence saying that your university 1) is a small liberal arts college, 2) is one of the top 15 universities in the country, and 3) does not have a strong mathematics or physics department? I don't think all three of these can be true simultaneously. –  Tom Church Commented Sep 23, 2015 at 2:46
• 3 I mean it's one of the top 15 LACs in the country, so it's not an university, and the ranking excludes universities. Although it has strong departments in other natural science topics, our math and physics deps are not the ones. 2) and 3) can be simultaneously true only when 1) is also satisfied. –  Math.StackExchange Commented Sep 23, 2015 at 2:51
• 15 I'm a physicist. I'm just speculating, but it seems likely to me that a physics grad student is seen as valuable cheap labor in an experimental research group, whereas a grad student is a burden in both math and theoretical physics. In an area like high-energy particle physics, a grad student is a cog in the wheel. No originality or independence of thought is required. If you're willing to pull cables and debug software, you're an asset. –  user1482 Commented Sep 23, 2015 at 23:35
• Thanks for your comment. In the U.S. is the admission for experimental hep PhD usually separated from the admission for hep-th? I'm not familiar with the process in the U.S., but many PhD programs in the U.S. seem to have the same admission process for both experimental hep and hep-th. If they are not usually separated, do students officially select their "concentration" after entering to the program? –  Math.StackExchange Commented Sep 24, 2015 at 0:31
• 2 @AranKomatsuzaki: Usually you apply to the department as a whole, but you state a likely area of research or whether you're leaning toward theory or experiment. If you say you want to do string theory, your application may be considered more skeptically than if you say you want to be an experimentalist. In the US, there is normally a lot of coursework at the beginning of a PhD program. That coursework is an opportunity for students to get a feel for whether they would be likely to succeed as theorists. –  user1482 Commented Sep 24, 2015 at 15:04

This is an attempt to gather some data supporting or refuting your hypothesis (or rather a slightly different one). Ideally, we would like a direct comparison of admission rates at top places, but I could only find limited data on admissions rates, so let me start elsewhere. At any rate, some of this data may be of interest.

The annual number of bachelor's degrees in physics is about 8000. From the AMS's annual survey , this number for math is about 28,000. This suggests there may be a lot more PhD program applicants for math. However, I don't have data separating out which math degrees are on a math ed track (or similarly for physics, though I guess the numbers are much greater for math ed), and these people are unlikely to pursue PhDs.

What about actual numbers of PhD students? I didn't see 1st year PhD numbers in physics for recent years but this slightly dated data puts it around 3000 new grad students in physics/astronomy (with about 93% aiming for PhDs), whereas the AMS annual survey has around 3600, and around 5000 if you include masters programs. (Stats and biostats is separate with around 2000, I guess including masters.) These statistics also say the number of physics versus math phd's awarded in recent years are pretty similar (about 1500-1600 for physics compared to 1400 for math). So there may be many more "potential" PhD applicants in math, but both math and physics students seem to compete for roughly the same number of slots in grad programs. (I don't know about how many of the PhD enrollments were domestic BS/BA holders, but we might guess the numbers are comparable as about 54% of enrollments were US citizens.)

So the above data tenuously supports your hypothesis. Can we check this with some actual admission rates?

For physics schools, this website has grad school admission rates. For top schools, the admissions rate seems to be around 10-15% (though Penn State seems to be an anomaly). Unfortunately, I don't know such a nice tool for math schools, but a few math departments mention their admission rates. Northwestern is around 17% (about the same as for their physics program, 16.4%). Notre Dame's is around 20% (a little lower than their 26% for physics).

These were all I could easily find and I'm afraid it's not enough to make any real conclusions, but I might speculate that top math phd programs are only somewhat more competitive than top physics ones if at all. (And in terms of undergrad research experience, I would guess that's more common in physics than in math.)

Edit: One qualitative issue for why you're seeing what you're seeing could be that top schools in math get lots of applications and if an admissions committee isn't familiar with a department, it doesn't know how to evaluate a transcript or the letters of recommendation from there, so it will tend to play it safe and accept students from places it's more familiar with. This is one reason why it's very helpful for students at small, relatively unknown schools to do programs like REUs (or a master's first) where a letter writer from there can compare you with a wide range of students. That said, I know many people who have gone straight from small, relatively unknown schools directly to top math PhD programs.

• I really appreciate your effort to gather all these data. I'm surprised to see some of the facts you mentioned and from your link. 1) # of physics bachelor's is only 8k/y. This sounds like physics is one of a few least popular majors among the departments which exist in almost every colleges in the U.S. Maybe media is exaggerating difficulty of physics, and youngsters were discouraged. 2) Acceptance rate of physics programs are much higher than expected (I thought ~5% for top ones). While top math PhD programs enrollment are roughly 20/r, physics –  Math.StackExchange Commented Sep 24, 2015 at 4:08
• PhD seems to have more capacity. 3) Some of lower ranked programs have pretty low acceptance rate. Penn state, while it's ranked high, is probably not for me. 4) This may be a well-known fact, but about a half PhD students in math and physics can't get PhD. The following list of universities attended by math PhD students at Harvard and UC Berkeley gave me an idea of how prestige of undergrad institution matters in admission for math PhD (because better education nurtured better students). reddit.com/r/math/comments/296e60/… –  Math.StackExchange Commented Sep 24, 2015 at 4:12
• 6 That only 8,000 bachelor's degrees are awarded to physics students at American universities annually made my eyes pop out. I would have guessed a much larger figure. So a big +1 for presenting hard data. –  Pete L. Clark Commented Sep 24, 2015 at 5:01
• 3 Another point to consider is that people that end up in physics departments come from a variety of backgrounds. I'm a physicist myself but we have plenty of chemists, materials scientists, IT guys and the odd mathematician in my department. I would guess it's mostly only mathematicians trying to make it to maths PhD programs. –  Miguel Commented Sep 24, 2015 at 6:24
• 2 @AranKomatsuzaki Regarding your point 4), I'm guessing that most of the PhD students at top schools can get PhDs. At Caltech in math, almost everyone who started finished, and those who didn't were usually the ones who decided it wasn't for them during their 1st year, so I don't think that's as bleak as it seems. Also, see edit about undergrad institution. –  Kimball Commented Sep 24, 2015 at 12:29

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15 Easiest Online Ph.D. and Doctorate Degrees

Reviewed by David Krug David Krug is a seasoned expert with 20 years in educational technology (EdTech). His career spans the pivotal years of technology integration in education, where he has played a key role in advancing student-centric learning solutions. David's expertise lies in marrying technological innovation with pedagogical effectiveness, making him a valuable asset in transforming educational experiences. As an advisor for enrollment startups, David provides strategic guidance, helping these companies navigate the complexities of the education sector. His insights are crucial in developing impactful and sustainable enrollment strategies.

Updated: May 30, 2024 , Reading time: 31 minutes

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In this article, we will be covering...

Data Points:

• In 2022, 203,850 (5%) of all graduates in the US earned doctorates * or professional degrees. About 880,250 or 21.4% earned master’s degrees.
• In 2022, majority of doctorate holders (43%) majored ** in healthcare. 17.9% were Law and Legal Studies majors. About 7.3% were Education majors.
• About 27% of doctoral students identify as first-generation *** .

While graduate school has its fair share of challenges, some of the easiest online Ph.D. and doctorates feature easy fields of study that make the educational journey more enjoyable.

But interested individuals – you, for example – will also find a field of study easy if and when you have a keen interest and abiding passion for it.

Quick audio summary:

Easiest Online Ph.D. and Doctorate Degrees

Ph.d. in homeland security.

The identification, prevention, and mitigation of domestic terrorism are students’ primary focus in Ph.D. in Homeland Security programs . Students gain advanced skill sets in conducting rigorous research in homeland security and the appropriate applications of their research in real-world settings.

The theory and practices related to homeland security, including policy creation and leadership opportunities, are also discussed. 

The curriculum covers a broad variety of topics but still provides deeper insights. The common courses are in emergency management, terrorism strategy, including counterterrorism and intelligence, and issues in critical infrastructure security. Students must formulate solutions to homeland security issues, evaluate the relationships between their causes and effects, and defend their stand on these issues. 

While advanced math and science courses aren’t in the curriculum, the intellectual demands placed on students require exceptional critical thinking, analytical thinking, and problem-solving skills. These skills are vital in real-world situations where lives are at stake, perhaps even world peace.

Students must have a keen understanding of national and international dynamics, adopt an interdisciplinary approach, and consider the issues from every possible angle. 

These approaches become evident in their dissertation or in other culminating projects, which showcase the students’ expert knowledge and skills in their specialization. The skill sets learned during post-graduate studies are valuable in the workplace, too, whether in academia, think tanks, or the Department of Homeland Security. 

Many jobs related to homeland security require top-level security clearance and, thus, current students must be careful about maintaining a spotless legal record. These include Secret Service agents, federal air marshals at TSA, and information security agents at the CIA. 

Median Pay: $103,590 per year

Job Outlook: 33% 

Job Opportunities:   Emergency management directors, information security analysts, and information technology specialists 

Best Schools: Colorado Technical University , National University , and Liberty University  

Ph.D. in Theology/Theological Studies 

The Ph.D. in Theology or Theological Studies degree and the Doctor of Theology (Th.D.) are considered equal since both are advanced research degrees. Both also provide students with in-depth training in the Christian ministry including spiritual and professional formation, usually with a strong emphasis on cultural sensitivity.

Students must possess graduate-level English language writing and speaking skills, leadership skills, robust faith, and Christian values. 

Many programs offer concentrations that provide more depth and breadth to the student’s body of knowledge. Common concentrations include Old Testament Studies, New Testament Studies, and Theology and Culture, each having specific electives to customize the degree.

Programs may also give different names to the Ph.D. in Theology or Theological Studies, such as Ph.D. in Religion or Ph.D. in Theology and Apologetics, but these share significant similarities. 

For one thing, students train to become teachers and scholars through didactic coursework, research, and internships in faith-based organizations. Another thing is that students must strengthen their faith while strengthening their pedagogical knowledge and skills in preparation for careers in academia, ministry, and community service. 

The Bible is obviously at the heart of their studies, but students must read diverse learning materials covering Christian theology in theory and practice. Many of these materials also discuss Christianity in less than favorable light and, thus, enable students to see both sides of the coin. 

Being accepted into a Ph.D. in Theology program is fairly easy, but you must have a master’s degree in a related field, such as religious studies, theology, or even ancient history. Many programs have less strict admissions criteria, even admitting people outside of the Christian faith. 

Median Pay: $90,160 per year 

Job Outlook: 2% 

Job Opportunities:   Post-secondary theology teachers, ministers and pastors, and religious education directors  

Best Schools: Regent University , and Trinity College of the Bible and Theological Seminary

Ph.D./Doctor of Education in Curriculum Development and Instruction

The Ph.D. and Doctor of Education (EdD) degrees are terminal degrees for education professionals with career advancement in their sights. Their advanced skill sets, combined with their extensive work experience, make them qualified for leadership positions, such as school administrators, dean of students, and principals. 

Curriculum theory and design, quantitative and qualitative methods in education research, instructional design, and technology integration are among the core courses. These courses are intended to enable students to deepen their understanding of the theories and practices, including their social, moral, and intellectual implications of curriculum development.

Students also learn to design, develop, implement, evaluate, and modify curricula based on the changing needs in education. 

Since the dissertation is the ultimate graduate requirement, students must also take it to heart and apply various quantitative and qualitative methods in education research. These include multivariate data analysis, statistical inference, interview and case studies, document analysis, ethnography, data collection, analysis, and presentation techniques.

In a globalized world, students must also develop their interest in the diversity of education, including its subcultures, perhaps incorporating it into their dissertation. 

These technical skills are all well and good, but the best education leaders also possess transferable skills that make them stand out! Patience, perseverance, and empathy are among the personal traits of effective teacher-leaders and effective communication and critical thinking skills. Charisma is a bonus if you have it! 

The challenge lies in the many reading materials students must complete to comply with the assignment and examination requirements. But if you’re into reading, it shouldn’t be a big deal, not to mention that you will learn a lot. 

Median Pay: $97,500 per year 

Job Outlook: 8% 

Job Opportunities:   Instructional designers, academic deans, and department chairs 

Best Schools: Texas Tech University , Texas A&M University , and Georgia Southern University  

Ph.D. in Finance/Doctor of Business Administration in Finance

These doctorate degrees are the exception to the rule because students must possess a comprehensive understanding of advanced mathematics and economics.

But for students who love solving math-based problems with real-world applications! Their relative ease is due to the absence of advanced science courses that, in many ways, make a doctorate in finance not exactly rocket science. 

There are several similarities between the Ph.D. in Finance degree and the DBA with a Finance concentration degree. Full-time students can take between four and five years to complete their academic requirements, including the dissertation. Both also tackle various finance-related subjects and qualitative and quantitative research methods.

The coursework includes corporate finance, microeconomic theory, statistics, and international finance. 

However, the Ph.D. in Finance degree has a more theoretical approach with an emphasis on research, including the development of business knowledge.

Students push for cutting-edge theories in the ever-evolving marketplace while also learning pedagogy to educate tomorrow’s finance leaders. There’s a greater emphasis on the analytical perspective, not on the operational viewpoint that an MBA provides. Professionals who want to become university professors and researchers are more suitable for this degree. 

The DBA in Finance degree has a more hands-on practical perspective about finance in particular and business in general. The emphasis is on vocational training for effective applications in real-world settings, less on theory and research. Graduates are then qualified for leadership positions in the corporate world but are also accepted as faculty members in business schools. 

Median Pay: $83,660 per year

Job Outlook: 6%  

Job Opportunities:   College professors, monetary policy experts, and researchers at think tanks

Best Schools: University of Georgia , Liberty University , and National University  

Ph.D. in Accounting

Accounting professionals pursue a Ph.D. in Accounting degree to increase their opportunities for career advancement, including their earning potential.

Accountants with a doctorate are qualified for leadership positions in corporate management, finance, and academia, meaning that it’s a degree suitable for both career advancement and change. In general, it can take at least four years to earn the degree, and it costs more than $18,000 per year in prestigious universities. 

But there are silver linings, from the scholarships, employer waivers, and assistantships to the increase in competitiveness for plum positions. Ph.D. programs in accounting programs also don’t have advanced math and science courses, so their programs of study are easier to manage than, say, doctorate degrees in aeronautics and engineering.

A Ph.D. in accounting is also a preparation for licensure as a certified fraud examiner, public accountant, and management accountant. 

But this isn’t to say that a Ph.D. in Accounting degree is easy-peasy either! Students must have a comprehensive background in accounting, including a master’s degree in accounting or a related field. Sufficient work experience in accounting is also a common admission requirement, aside from the GRE/GMAT scores, letters of recommendation, and personal statements. 

Students must also be keen on conducting independent and original research highlighted in an approved dissertation. Since it’s a Ph.D. degree, the dissertation is at the heart of the studies and its culmination. The curriculum includes courses in advanced statistics, accounting theory and research, corporate governance, and microeconomic theory. 

Many programs offer concentrations that allow students to become specialists. The popular concentrations are forensic accounting, public accounting, audit accounting, managerial accounting, and accounting information systems. 

Median Pay: $134,180 per year

Job Outlook: 17% 

Job Opportunities:   Chartered financial analysts, certified management accountants, and certified fraud examiner

Best Schools: Capella University , Florida Atlantic University , and Walden University  

Ph.D. in Entrepreneurship/Doctor of Business Administration with Entrepreneurship Concentration

Students in doctorate in entrepreneurship degree programs are risk-takers whose willingness to find innovative solutions improves business performance.

Their program of study covers topics on finding and exploiting business opportunities, developing and controlling business plans, and leading businesses. Intellectual property, market research and strategies, and networking are also emphasized due to their impact on business success. 

The Ph.D. program is the best preparation for students interested in careers as analysts, researchers, policymakers, and teachers. The curriculum emphasizes rigorous research that contributes to existing knowledge and advances entrepreneurship as a discipline. Their research and academic contributions make entrepreneurship an attractive option for many people. 

The DBA with Entrepreneurship concentration degree is a practitioner-based degree, meaning students prepare for careers in business. These include practicing entrepreneurs, venture analysts, and business consultants whose expert business knowledge and skills are evident in their body of work, including their businesses and portfolios. 

While their curricula don’t contain advanced math and science courses, these are demanding degree programs, too! You must be intellectually curious, possess excellent communication skills and a strong work ethic, and be willing to take risks. The rigorous academic training will also challenge your intellect and determination, open your eyes to the possibilities, and stimulate your creativity. 

Ph.D. students work with faculty advisors to generate excellent dissertations worthy of being published in entrepreneurship journals, such as Leadership Quarterly. DBA students may or may not have dissertation requirements to meet due to the practitioner focus of the degree.

Instead, many programs require a capstone project that highlights their potential for success as entrepreneurs or consultants. 

Median Pay: $87,660 per year

Job Outlook: 14%

Job Opportunities: Management consultants, university professors, and think tank researchers  

Best Schools: Walden University , Regent University , and University of Oklahoma  

Ph.D./Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership and Management

Many education leaders have either a Ph.D. or an EdD in Educational Leadership and Management because of its rigorous training! Their leadership positions include academic deans, provosts, presidents of universities, K-12 principals, and school superintendents.

Their advanced education included leadership theory and practices, university and community relations, and curriculum design and management. 

Ph.D. students, however, are more adept at research and scholarly activities due to their programs’ emphasis on the dissertation as the culminating requirement. EdD students have more practitioner training that can be applied to the broad variety of issues encountered in the classrooms, faculty rooms, and boardrooms of schools.

Nonetheless, both types of doctorate students may take between three and four years to earn the degree, although the number of credits will vary. 

Concentrations are offered in many programs, including K-12 schools or higher education. Aside from the electives, these concentrations share several common topics, including law, finance, and communication. Other topics include learning technologies, innovation, and international education, which provide students with useful insights into the emerging trends in education. 

Aside from the dissertation, students may also be required to complete an internship and a capstone project. If you want to have an easier time, you may consider non-dissertation programs that require a capstone project or an internship instead.

Nova Southeastern University’s EdD in Educational Leadership program with its Strategic Research Project (SRP) option instead of the traditional dissertation is a prime example. 

Median Pay: $97,500 per year

Job Opportunities:   College provosts, principals, and school superintendents or administrators 

Best Schools: Drexel University , Trident University , and Indiana State University  

Ph.D./Doctor of Education in Human Services

Human services professionals are dedicated to providing useful and meaningful assistance to individuals in crises, such as homeless people and other people in need.

Their assistance enables their clients to become self-sufficient individuals in the long term, usually through skills training and referrals to community services and resources. Indeed, theirs is a job that positively impacts 

Students in Ph.D. and EdD in Human Services programs work or are qualified to work in housing and employment agencies, public safety and emergency relief organizations, and educational institutions. Non-profit organizations are as popular as government agencies and private entities, too. 

The Ph.D. in Human Services programs have a more research-focused curriculum culminating in a dissertation . The EdD in Human Resources programs, in contrast, have a practice-based approach, a common thread in EdD programs in all fields of study.

Both, however, emphasize effective leadership in contemporary human services, be it as researchers, teachers, or practitioners with hands-on exposure. 

Courses include organizational leadership, enabling students to make informed leadership decisions and learn advanced research methodology. Advanced Math and science courses are absent from the curriculum, but students have plenty of learning materials to read, summarize, and present.

Rote memorization isn’t encouraged since the ultimate learning outcome is leading human services-related research and projects – meaningful insights with practical applications are more appreciated. 

Concentrations may be offered, with common ones being gerontology (services for the elderly), family studies and intervention, crisis and intervention, mental health services, and emergency relief in crises and disasters. 

Median Pay: $107,680 per year

Job Opportunities: CEO and directors of non-profit organizations, post-secondary teachers, social and community service managers

Best Schools: Nova Southeastern University , University of Arizona , and Houston Baptist University  

Ph.D. in Criminal Justice

The beauty of a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice degree lies in its expansive career options , with its holders being qualified for both theory-based and practice-based occupations. Students learn the ropes of the criminal justice system on the graduate level and, thus, become adept at addressing the current issues in the field. 

Many programs also offer concentrations intended to advance the knowledge and skills of professionals in a specific specialization. The popular choices are juvenile justice, criminal justice policy, and homeland security. All of these are considered useful for career advancement purposes.

Online programs also make it easier for working professionals to balance their personal and professional commitments through asynchronous technologies. 

Regardless of concentration, these programs adopt a multidisciplinary approach since criminal justice has several disciplines from which it draws its body of knowledge. The typical curriculum includes sociology, public policy, behavioral psychology, and organizational leadership, their theories and practices.

Relevant courses also include policy creation and analysis in criminal justice, homeland security policy, and emergency management. 

Again, there is no rocket science-level math and science coursework, but students must set aside time for reading voluminous learning materials. Students must have effective reading skills, including skimming and seeing the lessons in a new light and gaining insights from them.

Critical thinking and communication skills are a must since criminal justice issues are among the most complicated in our society. 

Most programs consist of 50-75 credits for completion, including coursework, capstone projects, and dissertation. The degree can be earned in five years, minimum, for full-time students. 

Job Outlook: 33%

Job Opportunities: Post-secondary teachers, police chiefs, and homeland security administrators/information security analysts  

Best Schools: Saint Leo University , California University of Pennsylvania , and Nova Southeastern University

Ph.D. in Public Policy

Students in Ph.D. programs in public policy must possess strong critical thinking, analytical thinking, and communication skills because of the interdisciplinary curriculum. The social science-centric doctorate enables students to create positive social change through effective, responsive, inclusive political action.

Public policy professionals are also in the right position to shape and influence regulatory policy, train policy advocates, and research the impact of public policies. 

With their formal education, Ph.D. in Public Policy degree holders are qualified for leadership positions in academia, research organizations, and public policy and administration entities. Keep in mind that since it’s a research-centric Ph.D. degree, its professionals are likely to be more effective at research and teaching than in practice-based positions.

Then again, practice-based expertise in public policy can be learned with a Ph.D. degree and work experience. 

The core of a Ph.D. in Public Policy program is the dissertation, where each candidate becomes a capable, independent researcher by the end of the research project. The coursework won’t be a challenge to students with less than stellar skills in advanced math and science subjects – there are none of these subjects.

However, the coursework on globalization and development, social policy, environmental policy, and health policy, among others, is as challenging as it is stimulating for persons with considerable intellect. 

Concentrations further narrow the scope of study and enable candidates to become specialists in one of the areas of public policy. Examples include politics and institutions, economics, science, technology, and policy studies. 

Median Pay: $125,350 per year

Job Outlook: 9%

Job Opportunities:   Political scientists, university professors, and policy analysts 

Best Schools: University of Maryland , Old Dominion University , and Tennessee State University 

Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology/Psychological Studies

Sixty-nine APA-accredited programs offer doctorate degrees in counseling psychology or psychological studies across the United States. Many of these programs offer a research-centric Ph.D. degree. Others offer the Professional Doctorate of Psychology (PsyD) degree , emphasizing clinical practice using applied psychology. 

Graduates of both types are eligible to apply for licensure as psychologists. Clinical supervisors, rehabilitation counselors, and marriage and family therapists are other possible licenses. 

The Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology is a terminal degree that aspiring and current counseling researchers, counseling educators, and clinical supervisors find suitable for career advancement.

The program of study emphasizes the development of specialist knowledge through the completion of independent research, known as a dissertation. A faculty advisor typically guides the research project, but the candidate performs all the work toward its completion. 

Many programs require their candidates to become interns in clinical settings or other field experiences in addition to the dissertation and publishable paper.

While the combination of academic coursework, comprehensive exam, dissertation and paper, and internship seems too much to handle, it doesn’t have to be! These are all typical aspects of Ph.D. programs in any field, and there are effective ways of successfully dealing with them while maintaining your overall health. 

Besides, students admitted to Ph.D. programs already have significant work experience in counseling psychology and other related fields! The rigorousness of Ph.D. training isn’t new, especially for students with a master’s degree, but the insights are new and, thus, challenging and stimulating. Students also choose to enroll part-time, meaning there are fewer courses to tackle and fewer demands on their time. 

Median Pay: $82,180 per year

Job Opportunities: Clinical supervisors, marriage and family therapists, and rehabilitation counselors 

Best Schools: Adams State University , Hampton University , and Texas A&M University  

Ph.D./Doctor in Public Health

Community health workers, public health administrators, and public health advocates will benefit from the advanced Ph.D. and Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) degree programs ! Students can perform graduate-level scientific research while also promoting public health. 

Graduates find many opportunities as medical and health services managers, epidemiologists, and public health professors. Combined with extensive work experience and leadership skills, these professionals have a profound influence on creating and changing the state of public health, too. 

Ph.D. and DrPH degree programs may have different approaches, but their time-to-completion ranges from three to seven years. The number of credits varies, too, between 40 and credits. In terms of approach, the Ph.D. degree emphasizes qualitative and quantitative research expertise, while the DrPH degree is for practitioners.

In the case of DrPH professionals, their duties include promoting public health awareness in schools, organizations, and communities and developing, implementing, and evaluating public health practices. 

Core coursework covers epidemiology, preventive medicine, biostatistics, and health policy topics. The culminating requirements are a dissertation and publishable paper for Ph.D. candidates and a special project for DrPH candidates.

In either case, the culminating requirement must pass rigorous standards, among the most challenging aspects of doctorate studies. The voluminous learning materials are also challenging, but students who love reading and learning will find it easier. 

Median Pay: $91,510 per year

Job Outlook: 17%

Job Opportunities:   Epidemiologists, medical and health services managers, biostatisticians, and medical scientists 

Best Schools: Johns Hopkins University , Walden University , and Pennsylvania State University

Ph.D. in Public Administration

Most students in Ph.D. in Public Administration programs are already involved in public administration work in government agencies and non-profit organizations.

However, their desire for leadership positions and other career advancement purposes motivate them to pursue a graduate degree. The desire to influence laws, policies, and practices in public administration through impactful research is also a common reason. 

There’s a widely held view that it’s an easier degree because of the absence of advanced STEM courses, and it’s true, but it also has its academic challenges. The core coursework covers a broad range of financial management and budgeting in the government sector, strategic planning and management, and stakeholder relations.

Ethics and social justice, performance management and evaluation, and networked governance are also common courses. 

Quantitative and qualitative research methods are also discussed in preparation for their application in the dissertation process. The dissertation typically explores a specific issue and offers solutions based on the evidence gathered. 

Students may choose from concentrations, but not all programs offer them. Popular concentrations are in public management, ethical leadership, analytics, and non-profit management, and each concentration has its specific set of graduation requirements.

The ethical leadership concentration, for example, enables candidates to address the most controversial and critical issues in public administration. The analytics concentration explores data as a resource and its environment, data modeling, and the database approach, all of which are crucial to more insightful expertise in data management. 

The beauty of a Ph.D. in Public Administration degree is the abundance of career opportunities in public administration, from the local to the federal levels. 

Median Pay: $86,200 per year

Job Outlook: 25% 

Job Opportunities:   Operations research analysts, government affairs directors, and policy analysts 

Best Schools: Liberty University , University of Illinois Springfield , and Valdosta State University  

Ph.D./Doctor of Education in Adult and Lifelong Education

Students in doctorate in adult and lifelong education programs prepare for career advancement in organizations that provide adult literacy programs. These organizations include community and non-profit entities, government agencies, colleges, and universities, many of which provide free services to their clients.

These wide-ranging services include post-secondary education, military education, and continuing professional education. 

The coursework varies between Ph.D. and EdD programs, with Ph.D. programs being more research-focused and EdD programs focused more on practitioner training. However, these programs share core courses that include strategic planning and program evaluation, program planning, policy studies, supervision and professional development, and teaching and learning.

Ph.D. candidates also dive deeper, so to speak, into graduate-level qualitative and quantitative research methods for their dissertation. 

Students learn various skills, too, including: 

• Assessment of the educational needs of adult and lifelong learners in different types of environments 
• Design, implementation and evaluation of instructional programs for adult learners 
• Perform leadership and management functions in programs related to adult and lifelong learning 
• Apply critical thinking and problem-solving skills in research projects 

Professionals with an EdD in Adult and Lifelong Education degree are passionate about these aspects, too! Adult education also plays a crucial role in our society’s advancement because it allows adults to gain new knowledge, skills, and values.

As a result, adults become more productive citizens and enjoy a better quality of life. Research conducted into adult education contributes to improving adult education theories and practices.

Median Pay: $55,350 per year

Job Outlook: 5%

Job Opportunities:   Adult educator, community-based education and development worker, post-secondary professor 

Best Schools: Kansas State University , Michigan State University , and Ball State University  

Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics

The Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics degree enables candidates to conduct high-level research into the structure and rules of languages. Note that candidates may be required to learn one or more foreign languages in addition to the academic coursework, seminars, and dissertations.

The foreign language requirement boosts the candidates’ job prospects as interpreters/translators, ESL professors, and community development workers abroad. 

The requirement for foreign language can be satisfied in many ways. For candidates whose first language isn’t English, proficiency in the language satisfies it. For native English speakers, a demonstration of foreign language competency is typically required. 

Linguistics is considered a scientific subject but don’t worry as there are no rocket science-level math and science subjects in the Ph.D. programs. Instead, candidates ask critical questions about current issues and test hypotheses about the studied languages.

The role of language in various settings, from the societal level to the growth of children and adults at the individual level, is also studied. Candidates also study the structural parts of languages, including grammar, semantics, and phonetics. 

While Ph.D. programs provide candidates with a comprehensive linguistics background, candidates are also provided with the opportunity for specialization. Concentrations are intended to enable candidates to gain specialist expertise in second language acquisition, linguistics theory, historical linguistics, language variation, and sociolinguistics. Candidates enroll in major and elective courses according to their chosen concentration, but their culminating requirement is an approved individual dissertation. 

Job Outlook: 5% 

Job Opportunities:   ESL teachers, interpreters and translators, and college professors 

Best Schools: University of Memphis and University of Mississippi

Frequently Asked Questions

What makes these online doctorate degrees the easiest.

Earning a doctorate in any field of study demands passion for the subject and perseverance against the challenges. But some factors make it less difficult to achieve! These 15 areas of study were chosen for the following reasons: 

• The curriculum has fewer advanced math and science courses required for completion. Studies have shown that STEM subjects are considered more difficult among the population. 
• The program of study emphasizes transferable skills, including critical thinking, analytical thinking, and problem-solving skills, in addition to communication skills. Students are also evaluated based on independent and original research that introduces new ideas, interpretations, and solutions to current issues. 
• Many programs have no GRE and GMAT requirements, aside from less selective admissions criteria. Most, if not all, programs still have typical application requirements, including letters of recommendation, personal statements, and resumes. But these are common in the most challenging programs, too. 
• The programs may have no dissertation and residency requirements, meaning students can focus more on learning advanced knowledge and skills. 
• Thanks to self-paced courses and asynchronous design, the online learning method makes it easier to maintain a healthy work-life-studies balance. Many of these programs also have accelerated courses , such as eight-week courses that can be taken one at a time. 

Again, your choice of a doctorate program must be aligned with your personal and professional interests, career trajectory, and financial capability. 

What are the typical components of doctorate programs?

While every program has its unique learning outcomes, curriculum, and graduation requirements, the typical doctorate program consists of four academic components: 

• The major or focus courses are specific to the field of study or concentration, enabling students to gain deeper insights and more advanced skills. For example, a Ph.D. in Theological Studies degree will include courses in Biblical studies, comparative religion, and ministerial practices.  
• The research courses establish the foundational knowledge and skills in conducting research at the graduate level. The courses cover qualitative and quantitative research methods, such as advanced writing, research methodology, and applied statistics. 
• The elective courses customize your education and give it a well-rounded perspective so that you can find opportunities for real-world applications. 
• The dissertation is usually the culminating requirement for Ph.D. students, while a portfolio, special project, or presentation is common among professional doctorate students. 

Comprehensive exams are also a common requirement to advance to doctoral candidacy status. 

What is the typical cost of attendance for an online doctorate?

Consider that doctorate programs generally require higher financial outlay due to the higher number of credit hours required for completion. There are also factors like the costs of the dissertation, particularly the research-related expenses, and the money spent on meeting technological requirements.

Students usually buy their computers and required accessories, pay for their Internet connection, and shoulder other study-from-home expenses.  

Tuition costs are the most pressing issue when pursuing an online doctorate! Be sure to check the tuition per credit hour and determine its relative affordability in your case. But don’t forget to include the cost of e-books and textbooks, student fees, and other charges that make up the cost of attendance. 

There’s also the matter of tuition fees increasing yearly. Since a doctorate can take three to five years, it’s a substantial monetary investment. Scholarships, grants, and assistantships will lead to significant reductions in the financial burden, so be sure to check out every opportunity. 

In 2022, the average cost of a doctorate varies between $98,800 and $114,300, depending on the type of degree and school. Be aware that post-graduate students have an average student loan debt of $108,400 at the time of their graduation. 

What are your career options with a doctorate?

With your doctorate, you must prove that, indeed, you’re an expert in your field of study! You may or may not call yourself a doctor, but you can put the appropriate abbreviation after your name, such as Ph.D. or EdD. You will find that these abbreviations are a ticket toward a wide range of careers, many of which only professionals with doctorate degrees can follow. 

Your career options include but aren’t limited to the following: 

• Become a tenured or endowed professor in a college or university in your field of study 
• Assume a leadership position in your organization, such as university president, academic dean, or principal 
• Engage in research projects in public and private organizations, such as universities, laboratories,, and think tanks 
• Provide consultancy services to public and private organizations as well as individuals in your field of study 

With your terminal degree, you should be able to forge a career that’s as unique as your educational achievements and professional skills! You also have many opportunities to impact your students, clients, and peers positively, perhaps even change the world. 

What are the specific careers requiring a doctorate?

While only a handful of careers require a Ph.D. or a professional doctorate, these are among the most competitive! Since every applicant possesses a doctorate, the competition may boil down to whoever has the upper hand – and it can be subjective criteria, to boot. 

With that said, here are a few examples of careers where a doctorate is a must. 

• Professors in colleges and universities teach undergraduate and graduate students and conduct their research.
• Hospital directors, particularly those in charge of pharmacies, nursing services, and human resources, have doctorate degrees that complement their work experiences in the wide range of roles they carry out. These include business management, budgeting, and human resource management. 
• Senior research scientists possess advanced knowledge and research skills that make them effective and efficient in their jobs. Many works in academic settings and the business sector and industry perform research and development work. The latter may include the design, creation and evaluation of products and processes and the creation of new objects and solutions. 

These are all well-paid positions, too, with career advancement opportunities that individuals with bachelor’s and master’s degrees can only dream of! 

Key Takeaways

If you enjoy studying a subject, even when others find it challenging, it’s a pleasure and a privilege! It’s also a point of pride among the small percentage of adults who earn doctorate degrees! The prestige, opportunity for career advancement, and respect from others make the seemingly endless studying worth every minute, too.

For graduates of online Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and doctorate programs, the terminal degree is the pinnacle of their academic career! The financial benefits that come with it, particularly the higher median weekly pay ($1,743) and low unemployment rate (1.5%), are the cherry on top. Indeed, education pays, with studies showing that the more you learn, the higher your earnings and the more secure your job can be!

Furthermore, individuals with doctorate degrees are more likely to contribute more to society’s progress, from paying more taxes to more engagement in civic activities. Their effective access to health, housing, and education services also benefit their families, particularly quality of life and educational opportunities. 

Emphasis must be made on the differences between a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and a professional doctorate (e.g., EdD), and these differences will influence your decision. The Ph.D. degree is known as the “research degree” because of its emphasis on the dissertation independent and original research that students complete with the guidance of their faculty advisor.

Graduates of Ph.D. programs usually find employment as professors and researchers in universities, corporations, and think tanks. Professional doctorate degrees are “applied degrees” because their holders apply their knowledge and skills in real-world situations, although participation in research projects is also common.

Like the Ph.D. programs, professional doctorate programs also require student-led research but with another culminating requirement (e.g., a special project or portfolio) . 

While every individual with a bachelor’s or master’s degree can pursue a doctorate, not everybody will thrive and benefit from it! You must have an enthusiastic interest in the promotion of advanced knowledge in whatever specific field of study you’re interested in studying.

You must also be willing and able to perform graduate-level academic research to contribute new ideas and findings to the existing body of knowledge.

Your time management skills, overall health, and financial health will also be tested in these easy doctorate degrees and thus, you must plan and be ready for these challenges. In doing so, your journey toward earning a doctorate becomes easier!

Additional Resources:  

• Most Popular Doctorate Degree Programs
• Fastest Online Ph.D. and Doctorate Degrees
• Can I obtain a Doctorate online?

Related Posts

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• The Inventory

The complete guide to getting into an economics PhD program

Back in May, Noah wrote about the amazingly good deal that is the PhD in economics. Why? Because:

• You get a job.
• You get autonomy.
• You get intellectual fulfillment.
• The risk is low.
• Unlike an MBA, law, or medical degree, you don’t have to worry about paying the sticker price for an econ PhD:  After the first year, most schools will give you teaching assistant positions that will pay for the next several years of graduate study, and some schools will take care of your tuition and expenses even in the first year. (See Miles’s companion post  for more about costs of graduate study and how econ PhD’s future earnings makes it worthwhile, even if you can’t get a full ride.)

Of course, such a good deal won’t last long now that the story is out, so you need to act fast! Since he wrote his post , Noah has received a large number of emails asking the obvious follow-up question: “How do I get into an econ PhD program?” And Miles has been asked the same thing many times by undergraduates and other students at the University of Michigan. So here, we present together our guide for how to break into the academic Elysium called Econ PhD Land:

(Note: This guide is mainly directed toward native English speakers, or those from countries whose graduate students are typically fluent in English, such as India and most European countries. Almost all highly-ranked graduate programs teach economics in English, and we find that students learn the subtle non-mathematical skills in economics better if English is second nature. If your nationality will make admissions committees wonder about your English skills, you can either get your bachelor’s degree at a—possibly foreign—college or university where almost all classes are taught in English, or you will have to compensate by being better on other dimensions. On the bright side, if you are a native English speaker, or from a country whose graduate students are typically fluent in English, you are already ahead in your quest to get into an economics PhD.)

Here is the not-very-surprising list of things that will help you get into a good econ PhD program:

• good grades, especially in whatever math and economics classes you take,
• a good score on the math GRE,
• some math classes and a statistics class on your transcript,
• research experience, and definitely at least one letter of recommendation from a researcher,
• a demonstrable interest in the field of economics.

Chances are, if you’re asking for advice, you probably feel unprepared in one of two ways. Either you don’t have a sterling math background, or you have quantitative skills but are new to the field of econ. Fortunately, we have advice for both types of applicant.

If you’re weak in math…

Fortunately, if you’re weak in math, we have good news:  Math is something you can learn . That may sound like a crazy claim to most Americans, who are raised to believe that math ability is in the genes. It may even sound like arrogance coming from two people who have never had to struggle with math. But we’ve both taught people math for many years, and we really believe that it’s true. Genes help a bit, but math is like a foreign language or a sport: effort will result in skill.

Here are the math classes you absolutely should take to get into a good econ program:

• Linear algebra
• Multivariable calculus

Here are the classes you should take, but can probably get away with studying on your own:

• Ordinary differential equations
• Real analysis

Linear algebra (matrices, vectors, and all that) is something that you’ll use all the time in econ, especially when doing work on a computer. Multivariable calculus also will be used a lot. And stats of course is absolutely key to almost everything economists do. Differential equations are something you will use once in a while. And real analysis—by far the hardest subject of the five—is something that you will probably never use in real econ research, but which the economics field has decided to use as a sort of general intelligence signaling device.

If you took some math classes but didn’t do very well, don’t worry.  Retake the classes . If you are worried about how that will look on your transcript, take the class the first time “off the books” at a different college (many community colleges have calculus classes) or online. Or if you have already gotten a bad grade, take it a second time off the books and then a third time for your transcript. If you work hard, every time you take the class you’ll do better. You will learn the math and be able to prove it by the grade you get. Not only will this help you get into an econ PhD program, once you get in, you’ll breeze through parts of grad school that would otherwise be agony.

Here’s another useful tip:  Get a book and study math on your own before taking the corresponding class for a grade. Reading math on your own is something you’re going to have to get used to doing in grad school anyway (especially during your dissertation!), so it’s good to get used to it now. Beyond course-related books, you can either pick up a subject-specific book (Miles learned much of his math from studying books in the Schaum’s outline series ), or get a “math for economists” book; regarding the latter, Miles recommends Mathematics for Economists  by Simon and Blume, while Noah swears by Mathematical Methods and Models for Economists  by de la Fuente. When you study on your own, the most important thing is to  work through a bunch of problems . That will give you practice for test-taking, and will be more interesting than just reading through derivations.

This will take some time, of course. That’s OK. That’s what summer is for (right?). If you’re late in your college career, you can always take a fifth year, do a gap year, etc.

When you get to grad school, you will have to take an intensive math course called “math camp” that will take up a good part of your summer. For how to get through math camp itself, see this guide by Jérémie Cohen-Setton .

One more piece of advice for the math-challenged:  Be a research assistant on something non-mathy . There are lots of economists doing relatively simple empirical work that requires only some basic statistics knowledge and the ability to use software like Stata. There are more and more experimental economists around, who are always looking for research assistants. Go find a prof and get involved! (If you are still in high school or otherwise haven’t yet chosen a college, you might want to choose one where some of the professors do experiments and so need research assistants—something that is easy to figure out by studying professors’ websites carefully, or by asking about it when you visit the college.)

If you’re new to econ…

If you’re a disillusioned physicist, a bored biostatistician, or a neuroscientist looking to escape that evil  Principal Investigator, don’t worry:  An econ background is not necessary . A lot of the best economists started out in other fields, while a lot of undergrad econ majors are headed for MBAs or jobs in banks. Econ PhD programs know this. They will probably not mind if you have never taken an econ class.

That said, you may still want to  take an econ class , just to verify that you actually like the subject, to start thinking about econ, and to prepare yourself for the concepts you’ll encounter. If you feel like doing this, you can probably skip Econ 101 and 102, and head straight for an Intermediate Micro or Intermediate Macro class.

Another good thing is to  read through an econ textbook . Although economics at the PhD level is mostly about the math and statistics and computer modeling (hopefully getting back to the real world somewhere along the way when you do your own research), you may also want to get the flavor of the less mathy parts of economics from one of the well-written lower-level textbooks (either one by Paul Krugman and Robin Wells , Greg Mankiw , or Tyler Cowen and Alex Tabarrok ) and maybe one at a bit higher level as well, such as David Weil’s excellent book on economic growth ) or Varian’s Intermediate Microeconomics .

Remember to take a statistics class , if you haven’t already. Some technical fields don’t require statistics, so you may have missed this one. But to econ PhD programs, this will be a gaping hole in your resume. Go take stats!

One more thing you can do is research with an economist . Fortunately, economists are generally extremely welcoming to undergrad RAs from outside econ, who often bring extra skills. You’ll get great experience working with data if you don’t have it already. It’ll help you come up with some research ideas to put in your application essays. And of course you’ll get another all-important letter of recommendation.

And now for…

General tips for everyone

Here is the most important tip for everyone:  Don’t just apply to “top” schools . For some degrees—an MBA for example—people question whether it’s worthwhile to go to a non-top school. But for econ departments, there’s no question. Both Miles and Noah have marveled at the number of smart people working at non-top schools. That includes some well-known bloggers, by the way—Tyler Cowen teaches at George Mason University (ranked 64th ), Mark Thoma teaches at the University of Oregon (ranked 56th ), and Scott Sumner teaches at Bentley, for example. Additionally, a flood of new international students is expanding the supply of quality students. That means that the number of high-quality schools is increasing; tomorrow’s top 20 will be like today’s top 10, and tomorrow’s top 100 will be like today’s top 50.

Apply to schools outside of the top 20—any school in the top 100 is worth considering, especially if it is strong in areas you are interested in. If your classmates aren’t as elite as you would like, that just means that you will get more attention from the professors, who almost all came out of top programs themselves. When Noah said in his earlier post that econ PhD students are virtually guaranteed to get jobs in an econ-related field, that applied to schools far down in the ranking. Everyone participates in the legendary centrally managed econ job market . Very few people ever fall through the cracks.

Next—and this should go without saying— don’t be afraid to retake the GRE . If you want to get into a top 10 school, you probably need a perfect or near-perfect score on the math portion of the GRE. For schools lower down the rankings, a good GRE math score is still important. Fortunately, the GRE math section is relatively simple to study for—there are only a finite number of topics covered, and with a little work you can “overlearn” all of them, so you can do them even under time pressure and when you are nervous. In any case, you can keep retaking the test until you get a good score (especially if the early tries are practice tests from the GRE prep books and prep software), and then you’re OK!

Here’s one thing that may surprise you: Getting an econ master’s degree alone won’t help . Although master’s degrees in economics are common among international students who apply to econ PhD programs, American applicants do just fine without a master’s degree on their record. If you want that extra diploma, realize that once you are in a PhD program, you will get a master’s degree automatically after two years. And if you end up dropping out of the PhD program, that master’s degree will be worth more than a stand-alone master’s would. The one reason to get a master’s degree is if it can help you remedy a big deficiency in your record, say not having taken enough math or stats classes, not having taken any econ classes, or not having been able to get anyone whose name admissions committees would recognize to write you a letter of recommendation.

For getting into grad school, much more valuable than a master’s is a stint as a research assistant in the Federal Reserve System or at a think tank —though these days, such positions can often be as hard to get into as a PhD program!

Finally—and if you’re reading this, chances are you’re already doing this— read some econ blogs . (See Miles’s speculations about the future of the econ blogosphere here .) Econ blogs are no substitute for econ classes, but they’re a great complement. Blogs are good for picking up the lingo of academic economists, and learning to think like an economist. Don’t be afraid to  write  a blog either, even if no one ever reads it (you don’t have to be writing at the same level as Evan Soltas or Yichuan Wang );  you can still put it on your CV, or just practice writing down your thoughts. And when you write your dissertation, and do research later on in your career, you are going to have to think for yourself outside the context of a class . One way to practice thinking critically is by critiquing others’ blog posts, at least in your head.

Anyway, if you want to have intellectual stimulation and good work-life balance, and a near-guarantee of a well-paying job in your field of interest, an econ PhD could be just the thing for you. Don’t be scared of the math and the jargon. We’d love to have you.

Update:  Miles’s colleague Jeff Smith at the University of Michigan amplifies many of the things we say on his blog.  For a  complete  guide, be sure to see what Jeff has to say, too.

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• Graduate School

The Easiest PhD Programs to Get into

Should you pursue a masters or a PhD , it will still take several years to complete your degree, even if you are accepted to one of the easiest PhD programs to get into. You could be spending up to seven or eight years of your life pursuing a PhD, only to end up scratching your head thinking about how to transition from academia to industry or how to get a job after grad school . However, if you’re convinced you have the passion, patience, time, and resources to pursue a PhD and see it as a way to advance your career or professional ambitions, then you should read this article to find out more about how to find a postdoc , the easiest PhD programs to get into and how to apply.

>> Want us to help you get accepted? Schedule a free initial consultation here <<

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Article Contents 10 min read

Easiest phd programs to get into, 1. adams state university – doctor of philosophy (phd) in counselor education and supervision (ce&s).

This is an online program offered by Adams State University in Alamosa, Colorado. Students must complete 6 credit hours per semester, for up to 3 to 4 years. The entirety of the course is done online, but students are also required to participate in a one-week summer residency every year of their program at the Adams State University campus. This program is easy to get into because you do not need to submit GRE (Graduate Record Examination) scores to be considered.

You do need to submit a letter of intent, so you would be better off reading about how to write an effective statement of intent before submitting your application. The length of the letter should be between 3–4 pages and address a series of questions like:

• “Why are you pursuing a doctoral degree in Counselor Education and Supervision at Adams State University?”
• “What personal and professional dispositions are essential for future counselor educators and supervisors?”
•  “Describe your professional plans with a PhD in Counselor Education and Supervision, post-graduation.”

You will also be asked to submit reference letters and a CV; all graduate students should know how to write a CV for grad school , as it is a common requirement for entry into graduate programs. Applicants with a master’s degree in counseling who also hold state certification to work as a counselor in their home state are given preference.

Admission Requirements

• A master’s degree from an accredited university or college
• Cumulative GPA of 3.0 (must be maintained throughout the four years)
• Minimum two years of professional experience as a counselor post-grad

UTEP offers several doctorate programs in areas such as biosciences, civil engineering, and business administration, but those programs have several high-level admissions requirements like submitting GRE scores and mastery of complicated subjects like statistics and mathematics. However, the PhD in English Rhetoric and Composition only requires either:

• A bachelor’s degree in English or
• A master’s degree in English

Students who apply with only a bachelor’s degree must first complete the Master of English Rhetoric and Composition at UTEP. They need to complete the six-credit course requirement and present a master’s thesis. After completing their master’s, they continue to complete the PhD program requirements.

Successful students are given up to eight years to complete the degree, but they may receive their PhD sooner as long as they satisfy the 45–51 credit hours required to obtain the degree. What makes this degree attractive is not only the academic requirements, but the many career opportunities afforded graduates who can apply their degree to fields as diverse as education, business, and government.

• Official transcripts of all previous work
• Three letters of recommendation either from previous instructors or professional references 
• A description of their educational goals
• A description of their approach to writing and teaching
• Two writing samples: a research paper and a personal writing sample

3. Prescott College – PhD in Sustainability Education

Prescott College is a private university in Prescott, Arizona, that has a near 99% acceptance rate for all programs, including the newly created PhD program in Sustainability Education. This near perfect acceptance rate stands in contrast to much lower medical school acceptance rates , which are often in the single digits. This PhD program is interdisciplinary and blends disciplines like pedagogy, environmental science, and social justice studies.

The other aspects of the program that make it attractive are the fact that there are few admissions requirements. Students do not have to submit any GRE or GMAT scores. Neither do they have to pay any application fees. Successful applicants can choose to take classes part-time, if they have other responsibilities, but the entire class format is online, which is another accommodation to mature or professional students.

Similar graduate sustainability education programs in the US and Canada last for up to 4 years, but Prescott College does not mention how long their program lasts. The small class size and experienced faculty also make this PhD program an option for someone who wants to pursue research in environmental sustainability, with career options ranging from becoming faculty or working as a sustainability officer for businesses and government.

Contact the program director directly to find out more about admission requirements and other information.

4. University of Michigan/Rackham Graduate School – PhD in Anthropology

The Rackham Graduate School at the University of Michigan offers a 7-year PhD in Anthropology that has relaxed admission requirements, like not requiring students to take or submit GRE scores or any other standardized graduate school exams. But the program has other requirements, such as the documentation listed below.

Prospective students do not need a master’s degree to apply, but they must have at least a bachelor’s degree. However, students can complete a master’s while on the PhD track. The PhD program has an acceptance rate of 4.6%, so it is one of the easier PhD programs to get into, given that prospective students do not have to take any standardized tests or have a graduate degree.

• Application form
• Application fee
• Admissions Conduct Code
• Statement of purpose (1000–1500 words)
• Personal statement (500 words maximum)
• Letters of recommendation (3)
• Official transcripts 
• Writing sample (optional, 30-page maximum)

5. The University of Tennessee at Knoxville – PhD in Sociology

UTK offers several PhD level programs, but the PhD in sociology is one of the easiest PhD programs to get into since applicants do not need to take the GRE. All successful students must choose from one of the four core concepts to complete the sociology degree, which are:

• Criminology
• Critical Race and Ethnic Studies
• Environmental Sociology
• Political Economy and Globalization

Students explore each aspect of their chosen subject, which all have their unique credit and non-credit requirements to complete the degree. Along with this first area of study, students must choose a second area of study revolving around social theory or statistics. All students must complete a minimum of 27 credits or 9 courses within each core concept and take another 12 elective credits or 4 courses in one of the other four concentrations, a foreign language course, a graduate certificate in statistics, or a science minor.

If accepted, students must maintain a GPA of 3.0 throughout the duration of the program and meet academic benchmarks established by them and the sociology department. The school does not state the length of the program, but all students must pass comprehensive exams in one of the four main concepts, write a dissertation, and present and defend it orally to complete the degree requirements.

• Master’s or JD degree in sociology or a related field
• Overall undergraduate and graduate GPA of 3.00 or higher
• Three letters of recommendation
• Writing sample
• Personal statement

6. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee – PhD in Urban Education : Adult, Continuing, and Higher Education Leadership (ACHEL)

This PhD program gives students seven years to complete all the degree requirements but does not require that they take the GRE or submit GRE scores no older than five years for admission. Some of the admissions requirements are document-based, meaning students must submit several types of writing to qualify.

All applicants must have at least a 2.75 undergraduate GPA, which is much lower than the typical 3.0 that most PhD programs require, to be considered. They must also have an undergraduate or master’s degree. The written requirements include submitting one of the following, with a maximum word count of 1500 words:

• Master’s thesis
• Undergraduate senior thesis
• Technical report
• Publication
• Written description of a project
• Action research project
• Writing sample answering the question, “How would you conceptualize and analyze issues in urban education?”

Students must also submit a Reasons Statement, in which you are encouraged to talk about the entirety of your background, such as why you are pursuing a PhD, your interests and background in the field, skills and training, and academic honors or awards.

Aside from the above written samples, prospective students must also submit a graduate CV and three letters of recommendation. There are no specific requirements for who must write the letters, but the letter writers are encouraged to write about the candidate’s past experiences and how they connect to the school’s PhD program.

• Undergraduate or master’s degree
• Cumulative GPA of 2.75
• 1500-word writing sample
• Reasons Statement
• 3 letters of recommendation

There are as many persuasive reasons to pursue a PhD as there are not to pursue one. If you want to know how to find a PhD topic or program, this article has outlined a few examples of some of the “easiest” PhD programs to get into. But completing a PhD is another matter. There are no “easy” PhD programs to complete since they all take years of hard work and dedication. Ultimately, the easiest program for you will be one you are completely immersed in and thoroughly enjoy; focusing on why the program is a great fit is a winning strategy when preparing your application materials.

One reality you have to confront is that the attrition rate for most PhDs is somewhere between 36–51% across a variety of fields and disciplines ranging from the arts and humanities to engineering and life sciences. The other thing you should know – and something all PhD admission consultants should tell you – is that pursuing a PhD is an all-encompassing commitment that will take over your life. As discussed above, program lengths are measured in years (minimum of five) and there are few guarantees that, if you do finish, you will be able to reap the rewards, at least in the short term.

Another growing demographic comprises people who complete all the requirements to obtain a PhD (coursework, credits) but fail on the most crucial element: writing and defending a dissertation. These students are known as “all but dissertation” and are forced to explain to prospective employers why they failed.

As if actually completing the degree wasn’t hard enough. the labor market is not always welcoming to PhDs either. High-level positions in government and academia often filled by PhDs are not plentiful, and other industries will require skill sets that PhD graduates typically do not have, such as managerial or organizational knowhow.

Whether you benefit from obtaining a PhD in the end depends on many factors, like your field and whether you’re an expert in an in-demand profession (computer science, bioengineering, engineering). While many graduate students enter doctorate programs to secure financial stability, other students are interested purely in acquiring knowledge and researching a topic or subject that they are passionate about. For these students, getting a PhD and all the attendant aspects (learning, investigating, writing) have an inherent value, so the less-than-stellar employment prospects or salary gains are not a priority. That’s not to suggest they are not mindful of the real-world costs of a getting a doctorate; rather, they are willing to put in the effort to fund their studies by applying for grants, working as part-time faculty or securing public or private loans, and accepting the bare-bones lifestyle of many graduate students.

Reasons to Get a PhD

More Employment Opportunities

PhDs do make more money than other degree types, like masters, but not by a lot. Some studies say PhDs earn up to $13,000 more than lower degree-holders, but it is more complicated than that. Those earnings only start to show after decades. Master’s graduates have a head-start on PhDs and enter the workforce much earlier than PhD students, so they start saving and earning more.

PhDs may have more employment opportunities open to them, in either academia or the private sector, but starting salaries for PhDs top out at $50,000. Moreover, by the time PhD graduates start looking for jobs, master’s graduates have already ascended to senior or executive positions earning six figures and more. Positions that offer starting six-figure salaries also do not often require candidates to have PhDs, giving master’s graduates yet another advantage.

Life-Long Research and Learning Opportunities

Money isn’t everything. Many PhD students are not motivated by financial gain or opportunity but are simply passionate about exploring and investigating a particular field for a lifetime. Funding this research is always a concern, but one component of becoming a PhD is learning how to write grant applications or fundraise in other ways that are essential to keeping research projects going.

Learning Valuable Skills

Skills like grant writing, fundraising, and networking are good to have if you want to know how to find a job in academia , and there are private sector companies that value them as well, but PhDs should also try to incorporate other skill sets into their toolkit. If they are interested, they can pursue dual-degree programs that pair a PhD with another degree type like an MBA or a medical degree, such as an MD-PhD program . They can also seek out professional development courses that prepare them for entering the workforce once they complete their degree, if they decide to go into the private sector.

Becoming an Expert

Some of the allure of a PhD is the authority it gives in a specific topic or subject, which means you are someone who is regularly sought out by various sectors and industries for expert advice. Being the foremost expert in a particular field can unlock many opportunities, but your specialty determines how much you can earn or what those opportunities are.

You can find that your expertise suddenly falls out of favor, like all the hundreds of Soviet physicists who had nothing to do once the USSR defunded the space program. But the opposite can also happen. Think of all the previously anonymous MDs and PhDs who became household names during the COVID-19 pandemic because they were experts in virology, immunology, or epidemiology.

The easiest PhD programs to get into are not the easiest ones to complete. Ultimately, if you are thinking about entering a PhD program, you need to weigh the benefits (potentially higher earnings, more employment opportunities, expert-level education) of pursuing the degree and the disadvantages (significant investment of time and money, uncertain job market, lost earnings). Go into the project with eyes open and a topic you want to study for many years, and your PhD experience will be much easier.

There is no easy answer. If you are someone who wants to pursue a particular line of investigation that requires years of observation and experimentation, then getting a PhD may seem like a natural path. But if you are more concerned about raising your earning potential or seeking more senior positions, in general, a master’s degree checks all those boxes without having to invest so much time and money. 

Any PhD program that does not require applicants to submit standardized test scores (GRE or GMAT) or have a master’s degree is generally easier to get into than other programs, but these programs have their own requirements, which could involve anything from writing personal statements and letters of intent to one-on-one interviews. 

All PhD programs are different, and they can variously require applicants to have a master’s degree, GRE or GMT scores above 300, and demonstrated aptitude in various fields, especially if you are pursuing a PhD in the sciences or engineering. There are also written requirements like submitting letter of intent, research resume , and a record of other notable academic or non-academic achievements. 

The answer is yes and no. Over many years, your education and training will pay off as you slowly start to pull away from other degree types in terms of salary. But it will take many years. During this time, other degree holders can attain higher positions and salaries that are comparable to yours, thereby negating any future gains. 

The duration of every PhD program is different, but the minimum length of most PhD programs is six years. Some schools have degree time limits – six or seven years, in some cases – meaning you must complete the program and present your dissertation by the time limit or be ejected. Master’s degrees, in comparison, usually take only about two years to complete. 

If you are wondering whether you need a master’s or PhD to apply to medical school s, the answer is no. However, if you are applying as a non-traditional medical school applicant who has a master’s or doctorate in another field, it can help improve your medical school application. 

The assumption is that PhD graduates generally do very well in the labor market. They do have low unemployment rates when compared to other degree holders. But one obstacle PhD graduates run into is having “surplus schooling”; in other words, they are over-qualified for a majority of positions. Only 2% of positions in the labor market require a PhD, which is one thing to remember if you are thinking about pursuing a doctorate. 

The cost of a five-year degree ranges between $150,000 and $200,000, but there are some PhD programs that provide full funding as well as a stipend. PhD students also work as teaching assistants for up to two years and can apply for grants or secure other funding sources like federal aid loans. 

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