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A sustainable solution for electricity crisis in Pakistan: opportunities, barriers, and policy implications for 100% renewable energy

• Research Article
• Published: 12 August 2019
• Volume 26 , pages 29687–29703, ( 2019 )

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• Syed Ahsan Ali Shah 1 &
• Yasir Ahmed Solangi 1  

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This study aims to explore the potential of renewable energy resources to attain a 100% renewable electricity system in Pakistan. Currently, most of the electricity supply comes from fossil fuel, which is imported because Pakistan lacks its own resources. The imports of fossil fuel cost a huge amount and therefore afflict the already fragile economy. Further, the policy to rely on fossil fuel has significantly failed to address the energy crisis that has been lingering for the past two decades, and an acute shortage of electricity hinders the progress of various sectors of the economy. In addition, the global climate index has listed Pakistan among the top 10 climate-vulnerable countries, which makes it pertinent for the country to take precautionary measures for climate change mitigation. Pakistan has abundant renewable energy resources, which are more than sufficient to meet 100% of the present and future electricity demands. On the basis of the existing literature and the dilemma of the energy crisis and climate vulnerability, this study argues that transition to a 100% renewable electricity system is not only an option but also an urgent requirement. Further, we list the potential barriers, in the context of Pakistan, and put forward the policy implications for a swift transition to an entirely renewable electricity system.

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• Pakistan’s energy supply overly depends on imported fuels.

• Energy imports threaten future energy security.

• Continued fossil fuel consumption deteriorates the climate.

• Indigenous renewable energy sources can deliver 100% electricity demand.

• Political will is important for renewable energy transition.

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Shah, S.A.A., Solangi, Y.A. A sustainable solution for electricity crisis in Pakistan: opportunities, barriers, and policy implications for 100% renewable energy. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26 , 29687–29703 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06102-0

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Accepted : 29 July 2019

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Issue Date : October 2019

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06102-0

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Energy Crisis in Pakistan: Socio-Economic Implications and the Way Forward

ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE

Pakistan has been trapped by a blend of problems such as political chaos, economic turmoil, social unrest, religious extremism, rampant corruption, unemployment, pervasive poverty, child labor, moral degeneration, etc. The energy crisis has added fuel to the fire; it has created many more socio-economic issues for the whole nation. This research study has highlighted the impact of the energy crisis in Pakistan particularly on its society and economy. It has enunciated that the energy crisis has deteriorated the social setup in Pakistan as it has disturbed the domestic routines, institutional schedules, health facilities, transportation system and educational procedures. Similarly, the crisis has pushed Pakistan into an economic decline. Most of the local and foreign investors have migrated to other states due to the non-availability of electricity, gas and petroleum products. Resultantly, Pakistan is experiencing the lowest ebb of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Unannounced load-sh...

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This paper has critically analyzed barriers to development of potential renewable energy resources to resolve the power crisis in Pakistan. The study was limited to the electric power sector and based on secondary data, experts’ opinions and stakeholder consultations. The study tried to explore the question: why the available substantial renewable energy sources in the country are not being tapped to produce electricity and what are the barriers in development of the power sector of Pakistan? Energy experts and stakeholders including government officials and environmental experts were consulted. Focused group discussions and individual consultations were made for seeking opinions and ideas about development and promotion of renewable energy for the power sector. The findings of the study showed that Pakistan’s total installed power generation capacity is 39000 MW and the contribution of renewable energy is less than 10% (6% from renewable: wind, solar and bagasse) as compared to con...

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Energy Crisis in Pakistan: Socio-Economic Implications and the Way Forward

• Farooq Arshad Assistant Professor of International Relations, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.
• Muhammad Shamshad PhD Researcher at Pakistan Study Centre, University of the Punjab, Lahore

Pakistan has been trapped by a blend of problems such as political chaos, economic turmoil, social unrest, religious extremism, rampant corruption, unemployment, pervasive poverty, child labor, moral degeneration, etc. The energy crisis has added fuel to the fire; it has created many more socio-economic issues for the whole nation. This research study has highlighted the impact of the energy crisis in Pakistan particularly on its society and economy. It has enunciated that the energy crisis has deteriorated the social setup in Pakistan as it has disturbed the domestic routines, institutional schedules, health facilities, transportation system and educational procedures. Similarly, the crisis has pushed Pakistan into an economic decline. Most of the local and foreign investors have migrated to other states due to the non-availability of electricity, gas and petroleum products. Resultantly, Pakistan is experiencing the lowest ebb of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Unannounced load-shedding has not only discouraged the industrialists but also has decreased the ratio of production- a severe setback to the rate of exports. Non-availability of energy has decreased the ratio of agricultural productivity that has a significant share in the gross domestic product (GDP) of Pakistan. The cottage industry has also fallen victim to the energy crisis. In this way, there is a restrained flight of foreign capital to the country. In the end, the study has recommended some policies which can be formulated and practiced by the ends of both the government and the public to discard the energy crisis.

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Energy Crisis in Pakistan

• Jawaria Bint Faheem
• Published 20 April 2016
• Environmental Science, Engineering, Economics
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Energy crisis in pakistan and economic progress: decoupling the impact of coal energy consumption in power and brick kilns.

1. Introduction

2. literature review, 3. data and methods, specification of econometric model, 4. empirical results and discussion, 4.1. exploratory data analyses and correlation, 4.2. stationarity testing, 4.3. cointegration testing for the variables, 4.4. results of quantile regression estimation, 4.5. estimation of quantile process, 4.6. estimates of symmetric quantiles and slope equality test, 4.7. estimates of cointegration regression technique, 5. conclusions and policy recommendations, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

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Rehman, A.; Ma, H.; Radulescu, M.; Sinisi, C.I.; Yousaf, Z. Energy Crisis in Pakistan and Economic Progress: Decoupling the Impact of Coal Energy Consumption in Power and Brick Kilns. Mathematics 2021 , 9 , 2083. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9172083

Rehman A, Ma H, Radulescu M, Sinisi CI, Yousaf Z. Energy Crisis in Pakistan and Economic Progress: Decoupling the Impact of Coal Energy Consumption in Power and Brick Kilns. Mathematics . 2021; 9(17):2083. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9172083

Rehman, Abdul, Hengyun Ma, Magdalena Radulescu, Crenguta Ileana Sinisi, and Zahid Yousaf. 2021. "Energy Crisis in Pakistan and Economic Progress: Decoupling the Impact of Coal Energy Consumption in Power and Brick Kilns" Mathematics 9, no. 17: 2083. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9172083

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