the tempest essay examples

The Tempest - Essay Examples And Topic Ideas For Free

The Tempest is one of William Shakespeare’s plays, often discussed for its themes of magic, power, and colonialism. Essays on “The Tempest” might explore the complex characters, the role of the supernatural, or the play’s commentary on political and social hierarchies. Other discussions could explore its historical and cultural context, the various interpretations and adaptations over the centuries, or a comparative analysis with other Shakespearean works or contemporary plays. We have collected a large number of free essay examples about The Tempest you can find at PapersOwl Website. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

A Reflection on the Tempest

Staging, Lighting and Production The “Tempest” production used in this analysis is the June 2014 performance by the Savage Rose Theatre company. The staging of is set up to reflect a literal depiction of the events in the play. It begins from the actual storm at the beginning of the play, with props arranged in such a manner as to suggest a ship. The sound is manipulated to simulate particular scenes, as in the first scene with the vessel in […]

Both Shakespeare’s “The Tempest” and Cesaire’s Adaptation “A Tempest”

Agency Both Shakespeare’s “The Tempest” and Cesaire’s adaptation “A Tempest”, determine a character's power by the agency they possess. Shakespeare gives Prospero agency to control everyone around him and get revenge, while Césaire gives Caliban agency to demonstrate the effects of colonialism on the colonized. Césaire portrays Ariel as a musatto slave and Caliban as a black slave, to further emphasize the power differentials between the “white-man” Prospero and the colonized. Although given agency in Césaire’s adaptation, Caliban is still […]

Idea of a “Great Chain of Being” by William Shakespeare

During the period in which Shakespeare lived and wrote, there was a widely held belief in the idea of a ‘Great Chain of Being’, which asserted that “...every existing thing in the universe had its “place” in a divinely planned hierarchical order…”. With its constant references to hierarchy and social order, the narrative of Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’ can be interpreted as a discussion of the ‘Great Chain of Being’ - more specifically, a discussion of whether the order inherent in […]

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The Theme of Betrayal in the Tempest

"The theme of betrayal in the play (The Tempest), is portrayed in different scenes of the play in which some characters broke the trust put in them. In Acts 1 Scene 2 of the play, a course of betrayal was effected between two brothers, Prospero who was the merited Duke of Milan, and Antonio his brother, who arrogated his brother's throne as the Duke of Milan, after being trusted by his brother to oversee the administration of Milan. The course […]

Powerful or Powerless Characters in the Tempest

"In the play titled “The Tempest” by William Shakespeare we are introduced to several characters that acquire some sort of power. The type of power that is being seen in“The Tempest” would be royalty and having the power to control others. The characters that were mentioned in “The Tempest” either had no power or they were the ones with all the power. This power that some characters were known to have was being used negatively. In this play we are […]

Personal Choice Vs Fate

"Fate is defined as, “a power that is considered to cause and control all events, so that people cannot change of control the way things will happen,” according to the Cambridge English Dictionary. In other words, fate can be described as, “everything happens for a reason.” While many believe in the concept of fate, it is personal choices that help decide the outcomes in life. In literature, the theme of personal choices vs. fate assists in strengthening the plot. In […]

The Tempest Summary and Analysis

"The Tempest works out as a traditional comedy because Miranda and Ferdinand are kept from coming together as lovers until Prospero believes it is the right time. It seems that he had come up with his plan long ago because he is strangely aware of certain things that will happen, such as Miranda and Ferdinand falling for each other[1]. He thinks it is too soon for them to be together because they fell in love as soon as they saw […]

Deception’s Role in “The Tempest”

"Deception is the act of causing someone to accept as valid what is invalid. In The Tempest, Prospero uses various tactics to attempt to reclaim dukedom. Deception is the tool with which he attempts to regain control and rebuild relationships with former enemies of his. In William Shakespeare’s The Tempest, characters use the manipulation of others to rectify unjust situations. Through this deception, Prospero attempts to gain power over others for a justified end goal, manipulating everyone around him in […]

Relationships that Characters have with Others, Determine their Worth to other Characters

The Tempest Relationships are an essential thing in stories, because the relationships that characters have with others, determine their worth to other characters. For instance Ariel is a pleasant servant who would never disobey Prospero, and Ariel would always advise Prospero on what he should do next. The counseling that Ariel has given to Prospero and his hard efforts to do Prospero’s bidding has given Ariel an important role to be Prospero’s trusty servant. Ariel has a duty to stay […]

Shakespeare’s the Tempest : Freedom

To be in servitude is the state of being a slave or completely subject to someone more powerful. Freedom is a condition of having liberty and control of your own actions without the fear and repercussions of confinement. Breaking down the themes of freedom, imprisonment, and its relationship in an authoritative use; we can connect these ideas with elements in Shakespeare’s The Tempest. The Tempest was written in the early 17th century, a time period known to have a strengthened […]

Racialization in “The Tempest” by William Shakespeare

Racialization, “the act or process of imbuing a person with a consciousness of race distinctions or of giving a racial character to something or making it serve racist ends” (Merriam Webster). While it still remains a problem of racial identity on different countries, people are living in a civilized area where there is no racism involved. In this case, in the event that modern civilized individuals are incapable to manage with racial biases, what are we able to say about […]

Shakespeare’s Tempest Characters Analysis

"The Tempest was one of many Shakespearean plays written in the 15th century. One of the characters in the play is Antonio who is the current Duke of Milan and brother to Prospero. When Shakespeare introduces Antonio through the eyes of Prospero, it's very clear that Antonio showcases his greed. In the play, the actions of Antonio display avarice as he drives Prospero out of his dukedom to take it under his throne. An example of his greediness is when […]

Ariel in the Tempest: Traits & Character Analysis

I am Ariel. I am a woman in her forties. I am an airy spirit attendant to Prospero. I am quite feisty character and I sometimes asks Prospero to grant me my freedom, though I am critizied for doing this. In addition, I am ready to perform wizardly tasks. For example, at the beginning of the play, the audience sees me beg the tempest. Later, I make myself invisible to others. The play starts at 2pm and ends around six, […]

Power, Betrayal, and Colonialism in Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’

A piece written by William Shakespeare, The Tempest, is a play written in the early 1600’s. This plays deals with magic and tragedy. Like any other play, Shakespeare’s story is intriguing and once you start thinking about it more, you realize there is more to it. This book deals with a person taking over someone’s land for their own benefit. Not seeing the harm or danger they might have put them through. Throughout history you see constant need for power […]

Freedom and Confinement in “The Tempest

In a critic’s standpoint upon the basis of freedom and confinement in “The Tempest,” Prospero and Miranda are sure of themselves that they have the understanding to make Caliban more human. For that matter, not only are the three of them imprisoned on an island, they are also trapped within their own heads due to the lack of knowledge that is presented to them. Moreso, all of the characters are eventually trapped in regards to work or the island itself […]

The Tempest by William Shakespeare

The discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1493 had signified a new era in the west. With the discovery of new land, European powers grappled each other’s territory to elevate their economic and social status. To profit off of these new lands, European countries sent laborers and settlers to exploit resources, ultimately leading to establishing colonies then leading to the birth of colonialism. Sending settlers and laborers proved to be difficult, leading European powers to import slaves […]

Shakespeare’s Unique Writing Style

William Shakespeare is widely regarded as an influencer in literature, culture, and media, all of which are observed in modern society. Shakespeare’s unique writing style combines natural yet magniloquent ways of speech in order to capture the sincerest form of raw human emotion. Many of his literary works—from the start of his career to the end—carry popular themes and concepts that are often mimicked today. The themes and plots of his creations transcend time and culture, which allow writers today […]

Comparative Analysis of Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’ and Césaire’s ‘A Tempest’

“The Tempest”, written by William Shakespeare, focuses on the journey that Prospero, the exiled Prince of Naples, has to take in order to be free from the deserted island that is his jail cell; Aimé Césaire’s in “A Tempest. Based on Shakespeare’s The Tempest. An adaptation for a Black Theatre” follows the same structure and storyline but while Shakespeare focuses on Prospero, Césaire focuses on the servant’s plight for freedom. The play has the same characters as in Shakespeare with […]

Mystery in Play the Tempest by Shakespeare

Surely if I speak of a plot in which a group of people are shipwrecked by a seemingly natural but provoked phenomenon, they arrive safe and sound until a mysterious island - already inhabited - where inexplicable events occur from a natural and logical point of view, and where There is a kind of aerial being, tremendously powerful, it has human destinies at will, more than one it will be tremendously familiar. No, it is not about Lost, but about […]

Enslavement of Natives by the Elite Europeans in “The Tempest”

One of the themes in The Tempest is enslavement of natives by the elite Europeans who believe they are above the inhabitants of the island. Prospero, after washing up on the island with his daughter Miranda, enslaved Caliban, who had been the native inhabitant of that island. Prospero proves himself over and over again as an untrustworthy character because of the way he treats Caliban. Caliban is described by Prospero as “...a thing most brutish...” (1.2.26) who Prospero gave life […]

Colonization in the Tempest

Imperialism started significantly sooner with the revelation of America. It was a major issue during Shakespeare's time. The opening up of new wildernesses and new land being found invigorated European data. Shakespeare's creative mind has considered this. Investigation of new geological spaces and control of those terrains by the travelers is essentially what we know by imperialism. Deciphered as a white man's weight, colonization was a method for vanquishing new grounds and forcing the colonizer's way of life from on […]

Magic, the Awaiting Turmoil, and Decision Making

Magic, power, control, relationships, and much more are used in Shakespeare’s play The Tempest. William Shakespeare is a famous and well-known English playwriter, poet, and actor born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. Shakespeare wrote his plays and poems during the “English Renaissance or the Early Modern Period” (Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.) The Tempest was written by Shakespeare in 1623 and is believed to be the last play Shakespeare wrote. The Tempest uses magic, power, control, love, revenge, and forgiveness to depict the […]

The Power of Knowledge in the Tempest

Is Knowledge Power? Education, especially considering its strong connection to magic, is indicated to be a source of great power throughout the play The Tempest. The entire plot is based around Prospero’s wit and his cunning plan to seek revenge upon those who have wronged him. Were it not for his collection of magical books and his previous educational status as the duke of Milan, Prospero would have never had the means to escape the island and regain his position […]

Colonialism in the Tempest

For longer than a century, and especially in the previous twenty years, various mediators have adopted an altogether different strategy to The Tempest, finding in it the investigation of some especially significant policy-driven issues. The English pundit, William Hazlitt, was quick to bring up (in 1818) that Prospero had usurped Caliban from his standard of the island and was subsequently a specialist of dominion. From that point forward such a way to deal with the play (with different adjustments) has […]

Betrayal in the Tempest

Betrayal, unwavering ness, vengeance, and compromise are the head, interconnected subjects of The Tempest. Prospero aches for the rebuilding of his dukedom; since his sibling sold out him, he is propelled as much by a craving for vengeance concerning his and his girl's recovering their legitimate spot. Caliban too feels double-crossed by Prospero on the grounds that he has been oppressed, however, Prospero blames him for needing to abuse Miranda. Conversely, Ariel appears to be steadfast yet additionally fears betrayal, […]

From Vengeful to Accepting

Imagine a king was kicked out of his kingdom and banished to another island by his brother. Would the king to be out for revenge or accept his brother’s mistakes? In The Tempest, Shakespeare uses vivid language and actions to describe this complex story. Prospero is the duke of milan until his brother, Antonio, usurps his kingdom. He banishes Prospero and his daughter from his dukedom and sends them on a little boat to an island far away. This is […]

Colonial Discourses

As society progresses, the old societal practices come under scrutiny as their ubiquity decreases. However, with no living memory of most of human existence, literature has become the means through which cultural attitudes have survived. One such example comes from The Tempest, by William Shakespeare, which began as a humorous play about revenge, but has transformed into a stark representation of the colonial process and interracial encounters in the imperial mindset. In this play, Prospero establishes his dominion over the […]

AP English Literature and Composition

Compare and Contrast Essay on Luis Alberto Urrea’s Into the Beautiful North and William Shakespeare's The Tempest Joseph Campbell once said, "[A] hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself." I agree that heroes usually prioritize others above themselves. Oftentimes, heroes are individuals who've overcome significant and formidable obstacles in their lives. They are perceived as courageous, humble, mature, and compassionate. A hero is someone that people look up to, someone with qualities […]

Essay about Frantz Fanon

Introduction It is Frantz Fanon who creates the thought of the Other in his composing to be a key concern in postcolonial studies. To him the Other is the ""not me"" he is the Other. So from this perspective an effort in this study has been made to closer view such concepts. This study seeks to consider how writing depicts the Other. It appears the way to preserve specialist over the Other in a colonial situation, that is, an colonialist […]

Anthem and other Dystopian Novels

A government has always been the center point of society yet at times it is the main reason for the cause of a dystopian society. Imagine living in a society where being independent was not an option, freedom was stripped from your hands, and disobeying the government would result in punishment. A society where personal thought would be forbidden and social status would be pre-arranged with no chance of it being altered make a Dystopian Society. These descriptions of a […]


Originally published :	1914
Author :	William Shakespeare
Characters :	Prospero, Caliban, Ariel, Miranda, Ferdinand, Alonso
Genres :	Drama, Tragicomedy, Romantic comedy

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126 The Tempest Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

The Tempest by William Shakespeare is a classic play that explores themes of power, betrayal, forgiveness, and redemption. With its complex characters and intricate plot, there are many essay topics that can be explored when analyzing this work. In this article, we will provide 126 essay topic ideas and examples to help you get started on writing your own essay on The Tempest.

How does Prospero's use of magic in The Tempest reflect his desire for power and control?
Explore the theme of forgiveness in The Tempest. How does forgiveness play a role in the resolution of the play?
Analyze the character of Ariel in The Tempest. How does Ariel's loyalty to Prospero impact the events of the play?
Discuss the role of Caliban in The Tempest. How does Caliban's relationship with Prospero reflect colonial attitudes towards indigenous people?
Examine the character of Miranda in The Tempest. How does Miranda's innocence and naivety shape her interactions with other characters?
Explore the themes of exile and redemption in The Tempest. How do these themes manifest in the characters of Prospero, Caliban, and Ariel?
Discuss the portrayal of gender roles in The Tempest. How do characters like Miranda and Ariel challenge traditional gender norms?
Analyze the character of Alonso in The Tempest. How does Alonso's guilt over his past actions influence his behavior throughout the play?
Discuss the role of music in The Tempest. How does music contribute to the magical and ethereal atmosphere of the play?
Explore the themes of betrayal and loyalty in The Tempest. How do characters like Antonio and Sebastian betray their own family members in pursuit of power?
Examine the relationship between Prospero and Ariel in The Tempest. How does Prospero's treatment of Ariel reflect his own flaws and shortcomings?
Discuss the theme of revenge in The Tempest. How does Prospero's desire for vengeance shape the events of the play?
Analyze the character of Ferdinand in The Tempest. How does Ferdinand's love for Miranda impact his actions and decisions?
Explore the theme of freedom in The Tempest. How do characters like Caliban and Ariel strive for freedom in a world controlled by Prospero?
Discuss the role of the supernatural in The Tempest. How do elements of magic and enchantment contribute to the overall tone of the play?
Analyze the character of Gonzalo in The Tempest. How does Gonzalo's wisdom and compassion contrast with the greed and ambition of other characters?
Discuss the theme of transformation in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero and Caliban undergo personal growth and change throughout the play?
Explore the theme of illusion vs. reality in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero use deception and trickery to achieve their goals?
Analyze the symbolism of the storm in The Tempest. How does the tempest at the beginning of the play foreshadow the turmoil and conflict to come?
Discuss the role of language and communication in The Tempest. How do characters like Caliban struggle to express themselves in a world dominated by Prospero's speech and rhetoric?
Analyze the character of Sebastian in The Tempest. How does Sebastian's greed and ambition lead him to betray his own brother?
Explore the theme of power and authority in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero and Alonso wield power over others, and how does this influence their relationships with those around them?
Discuss the role of nature in The Tempest. How do elements of the natural world, such as the island itself, impact the actions and decisions of the characters?
Analyze the character of Trinculo in The Tempest. How does Trinculo's comedic relief provide a contrast to the more serious themes of the play?
Explore the theme of self-discovery in The Tempest. How do characters like Miranda and Ferdinand come to understand themselves and their place in the world throughout the course of the play?
Discuss the theme of manipulation in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero and Antonio use manipulation and deceit to achieve their own ends?
Analyze the character of Stephano in The Tempest. How does Stephano's drunkenness and foolishness lead him into dangerous situations?
Explore the theme of family in The Tempest. How do relationships between parents and children, siblings, and other family members shape the events of the play?
Discuss the role of fate and destiny in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero and Ariel manipulate the course of events to achieve their own goals?
Analyze the character of Antonio in The Tempest. How does Antonio's greed and ambition drive him to betray his own brother and seize power for himself?
Explore the theme of isolation in The Tempest. How do characters like Caliban and Miranda struggle with feelings of loneliness and alienation on the deserted island?
Discuss the role of comedy in The Tempest. How do elements of humor and wit provide relief from the more serious themes of the play?
Analyze the character of Iris in The Tempest. How does Iris's role as a messenger of the gods influence the events of the play?
Explore the theme of redemption in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero and Caliban seek redemption for their past mistakes and transgressions?
Discuss the role of symbolism in The Tempest. How do symbols like the tempest, the island, and the magic book contribute to the overall meaning and message of the play?
Analyze the character of Adrian in The Tempest. How does Adrian's loyalty to Alonso and Sebastian impact his actions and decisions throughout the play?
Explore the theme of identity in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero and Caliban struggle with questions of self-identity and self-understanding?
Discuss the role of friendship in The Tempest. How do characters like Gonzalo and Antonio navigate the complexities of friendship and loyalty in a world filled with betrayal and deception?
Analyze the character of Francisco in The Tempest. How does Francisco's loyalty to Alonso and Sebastian influence his behavior throughout the play?
Explore the theme of justice in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero and Ariel seek justice for past wrongs and injustices?
Discuss the role of morality in The Tempest. How do characters like Antonio and Sebastian grapple with questions of right and wrong in a world where power and ambition reign supreme?
Analyze the character of Ceres in The Tempest. How does Ceres's role as a goddess of the harvest shape her interactions with the other characters in the play?
Explore the theme of reconciliation in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero and Miranda seek to reconcile with their past actions and mistakes?
Discuss the role of wisdom in The Tempest. How do characters like Gonzalo and Prospero demonstrate wisdom and insight in the face of adversity?
Analyze the character of Nymphs in The Tempest. How do the Nymphs' songs and dances contribute to the magical and enchanting atmosphere of the play?
Explore the theme of transformation in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero and Ariel undergo personal growth and change throughout the course of the play?
Discuss the role of myth and legend in The Tempest. How do elements of mythology and folklore influence the events and characters of the play?
Analyze the character of Alonzo in The Tempest. How does Alonzo's guilt over his past actions lead him to seek redemption and forgiveness?
Explore the theme of deception in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero and Antonio use deception and trickery to achieve their own ends?
Explore the theme of betrayal in The Tempest. How do characters like Antonio and Sebastian betray their own family members in pursuit of power?
Discuss the role of power and authority in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero and Alonso wield power over others, and how does this influence their relationships with those around them?
Analyze the character of Miranda in The Tempest. How does Miranda's innocence and naivety shape her interactions with other characters?
Explore the theme of exile in The Tempest. How do characters like Prospero, Caliban, and Ariel grapple with feelings of loneliness and alienation on the deserted island?
Discuss the role of forgiveness in The Tempest. How does forgiveness play a role in the resolution of the play?
Analyze the character of Caliban in The Tempest. How does Caliban's relationship with Prospero reflect colonial attitudes towards indigenous people?
Explore the theme of freedom in The Tempest. How do characters like Caliban and Ariel strive for freedom in a world controlled by Prospero? 62

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The Tempest

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Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on William Shakespeare's The Tempest . Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.

The Tempest: Introduction

The tempest: plot summary, the tempest: detailed summary & analysis, the tempest: themes, the tempest: quotes, the tempest: characters, the tempest: symbols, the tempest: literary devices, the tempest: quizzes, the tempest: theme wheel, brief biography of william shakespeare.

Other Books Related to The Tempest

Full Title: The Tempest
When Written: 1610-1611
Where Written: England
When Published: 1623
Literary Period: The Renaissance (1500-1660)
Genre: Romance
Setting: An unnamed island in the Mediterranean Sea
Climax: Ariel appears as a harpy before Antonio, Alonso, and Sebastian and condemns them for stealing Prospero's kingdom

Extra Credit for The Tempest

Shakespeare or Not? There are some who believe Shakespeare wasn't educated enough to write the plays attributed to him. The most common anti-Shakespeare theory is that Edward de Vere, the Earl of Oxford, wrote the plays and used Shakespeare as a front man because aristocrats were not supposed to write plays. Yet the evidence supporting Shakespeare's authorship far outweighs any evidence against. So until further notice, Shakespeare is still the most influential writer in the English language.

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Sample Essay

Here is an example of a complete essay written on the subject of The Tempest.

‘ The Tempest has been seen amongst other things as a statement by Shakespeare about the end of his writing life, as an allegory about the effects of colonialism and as an illustration of the difficulty or real communication. The variety of interpretations of The Tempest show that texts are capable of being explored in different ways.’

Explore The Tempest and your other play in the light of the idea that texts are capable of a ‘variety of interpretations’.

Texts are most certainly capable of being interpreted in different ways, and these interpretations will vary from person to person and in fact, throughout time. For instance, Shakespeare’s contemporary audience would have interpreted ‘The Tempest’ differently than a modern day audience, as morals and ideals have changed dramatically. Similarly, due to the ambiguous nature of Friel’s play ‘Translations,’ this could also be viewed in many different ways and each audience member may apply their own experiences to the situations in the play.

Some people have interpreted the plays ‘The Tempest’ by William Shakespeare and ‘Translations’ by Brian Friel as a means of reflecting the writers’ own views and beliefs. For instance, many critics believe that ‘The Tempest’ was one of the last plays to be written by Shakespeare, and so it has been suggested that the play is a statement by him about the end of his writing life.

Firstly, this may be due to the fact that Prospero seems to be an allegorical figure for Shakespeare himself, particularly through his control over the characters and events in the play, much like a playwright. For example, it was Prospero that ordered Ariel to create the tempest that shipwrecks the characters on the island, and it was Prospero that brought Ferdinand and Miranda together. He also seems to have an element of control over all of the characters in the play in one way or another, whether it be directly or through Ariel. In fact, it could be argued that Prospero controls the characters in the play like pieces on a chess board, which is significant, as Ferdinand and Miranda are ‘playing at chess’ in Act 5, Scene 1. Therefore, whatever is said by Prospero could be interpreted as being what Shakespeare wants to say to the audience.

This includes a speech concerning Prospero’s magic, which could refer to Shakespeare’s writing. During this speech, Prospero states how ‘the great globe itself…shall dissolve’ and that, ‘We are such stuff as dreams are made on.’ The reference to the ’globe’ could be alluding to Shakespeare’s theatre, which he knows will fade and eventually vanish. At the time the play was performed in 1611, Shakespeare would have been about 45 years old. Although this does not seem old today, it was considered fairly old in the Jacobean period, and Shakespeare faced competition from younger playwrights. There is evidence in the play to suggest that Shakespeare realised this, which includes Prospero stating, ‘my old brain is troubled’ and how he wishes ‘To still [his] beating mind.’ Therefore, these suggest that Shakespeare is tired of writing and feels it has become ‘insubstantial,’ like the ‘actors’ and ‘baseless fabric’ of a play. Later on in the play, Prospero even states, ‘I’ll break my staff’ and ‘I’ll drown my book,’ which suggests that like Prospero is giving up his magic, Shakespeare is giving up his writing.

In ‘Translations,’ it is unclear which character best represents Friel’s views, as their attitudes vary, which allows the audience to interpret the play in different ways. Some may argue that Friel has included such characters as the Donnelly twins and Doalty to show that violence is the best way to fight against colonisation. For instance, Doalty states: ‘I’ve damned little to defend but he’ll not put me out without a fight. And there’ll be others who think the same as me.’ Some people may see this as heroic and patriotic, and the only way these characters can respond to the English. On the other hand, it could be argued that Friel in fact shows violence to be a negative way to respond, as it simply leads to more and more violence, such as the actions of Lancey in the play and by the IRA today.

It has however been suggested that the character of Hugh reflects Friel’s view most efficiently, as he is a realist character that acknowledges the fact he should hold onto his culture, but also accepts the fact that he must change with the environment around him in order to survive. For instance, although Hugh constantly dismisses the English language and culture, stating how it is used ‘usually for the purposes of commerce’ and it is a language that ‘couldn’t really express’ them, he does attempt to prepare for the future by accepting the job at the new English speaking National School, and acknowledges the fact that ‘a civilisation can be imprisoned in a linguistic contour which no longer matches the landscape of…fact,’ if they are unwilling to move forward.

Another interpretation of these plays can be that they are allegories about the effects of colonialism. Colonisation is a contextual issue for ‘The Tempest,’ as many people were travelling to America, or ‘The New World’ at the time the play was performed. In fact, Sir Walter Raleigh’s expedition was financed by King James I, and many of the English thought they had a natural right to colonise other countries and their populations.

‘The Tempest’ supports this view, and the character of Caliban indicates how other civilisations were viewed as savages who accepted the fact they were to become slaves to the English colonisers. For example, Caliban is often portrayed as being less than human, and is associated with animalistic imagery, such as, ‘tortoise,’ ‘a fish,’ ‘mooncalf’ and even a ‘monster.’ He is also portrayed as being a ‘natural servant,’ as he does not wish to be free of a ‘master’ in the play, but instead wishes for a better one, and even says to Stephano, ’Let me lick thy shoe.’

Prospero is shown to control Caliban through threats of physical pain and suffering, such as,

‘If thou neglect’st, or dost unwillingly

What I command, I’ll rack thee with old cramps.’

Prospero also controls Ariel, though it is done in a less violent way than that used to control Caliban. Instead, Prospero promises Ariel his freedom in return for his services, such as when he states,

‘Do so, and after two days

I will discharge thee.’

In ‘Translations’, the English treat the Irish in a similar way, and threaten them in order to get them to do what they want. For instance, Lancey states that if George is not found, he will ‘shoot all livestock in Bally Beg,’ ‘embark on a series of evictions and levelling of every abode’ ’until a complete clearance is made of’ their parish.

Although Caliban does what Prospero asks, there is evidence in the play to suggest that Shakespeare was influenced by a contemporary essay called ’On Cannibals’ by Montaigne. This discussed the writer’s views on apparent ‘savages’ in countries not yet colonised. He felt that there was ‘nothing barbarous or savage’ about then, which may be shown by the eloquent language spoken by Caliban. This includes the poetic language spoken in Act 3, Scene 2, where Caliban states,

‘the isle is full of noises,

Sounds, and sweet airs…

Sometimes a thousand twangling instruments.’

In fact, the language spoken by Caliban is often more eloquent than that spoken by the ‘civilised’ characters and contrasts to the prose spoken by Stephano and Trinculo. It also shows how Caliban is more concerned with natural beauty than possessions and power, stating, ‘it is but trash’ about Prospero’s cloak.

The colonising characters in both ’The Tempest’ and ‘Translations’ think that their actions are best for those they are forcing their language and culture onto. For instance, in ’The Tempest,’ Prospero and Miranda think that Caliban has benefited from use of their language, which is shown when Miranda states,

‘Took pains to make thee speak, taught thee each hour

One thing or another. When thou…

…wouldst gabble like

A thing most brutish.’

Similarly, in ’Translations,’ the English think that ‘Ireland is privileged’ to have them come and take over, and they also think that they have the right to order the local people about, shown through the threats Lancey makes to them.

A quote from a Roman general, which is included in the play, sums up the attitude of the English and many other colonisers: ‘It’s easier to stamp out learning than to recall it,’ basically means that it is easier for the English to make the Irish learn their language than to take the time to learn the Irish language and way of life, which is evident throughout the play.

Manus in ‘Translations’ can be compared to the character Caliban in ‘The Tempest,’ as both reject the language of the coloniser. For example, in ’The Tempest,’ Caliban states,

‘You taught me your language, and my profit on’t

Is, I know how to curse. The red plague rid you

For learning me your language!’

Similarly, in Translations, Manus refuses to speak English ’for the benefit of the colonist,’ even though Yolland is a nice person.

Also, both characters are treated like slaves, Caliban by Prospero and Stephano, and Manus by his father, Hugh. This is shown by the way that Hugh speaks to Manus, ‘as if to a footman,’ ordering him to make his tea and fetch ‘a slice of soda bread.’ Both Manus and Caliban receive no signs of appreciation for their work.

Owen and Caliban could even be compared to one another, as their situations with the colonisers are similar. They both complied with the colonisers at first, but later regretted this when they realised that the colonisers were taking over unfairly.

Caliban states how,

‘When thou cam’st first

Thou strok’st me, and made much of me,’

‘And then I loved thee,

And showed thee all the qualities o’th’isle,’ but he regrets this, stating, ‘Cursed be I that did so!’

As well as this, Owen in ‘Translations’ worked for the English, and felt that they were only ‘taking place-names that were riddled with confusion’ and ‘standardising those names,’ not realising that names have culture and history attached to them. Towards the end however, Owen does realise that it was ‘a mistake,’ and appreciates the implications of changing the names, such as the violence it has caused amongst his family and friends.

The two plays have also been interpreted as illustrations of the difficulty of real communication, which is particularly evident in the play ‘Translations.’

In fact, Act 2 Scene 2 is very effective in showing the differences between Maire and Yolland, as Friel has juxtaposed their cultures in order to highlight the difficulty they experience in communicating with each other. This speech shows how not only do they speak different languages, but the two also want different things. For instance, the way they express their love for one another varies. Whereas Maire speaks of the physical aspects she finds attractive, Yolland is more passionate. Also, a huge conflict of interests is revealed when Yolland states how he is ‘not going to leave here,’ and Maire states, ‘Take me away with you George.’ This could therefore be suggesting that the English and the Irish could never communicate properly as they come from different cultures and want different things.

On the other hand, this scene could imply that it is not important for the lovers to understand one another, but that the language barrier can be overcome if they work together to find a common means of communication. It may even suggest that the two need not communicate fully to enjoy their company, which is shown by the way they both state, ‘I love the sound of your speech,’ and by the way they are brought together at the end by stating the Irish place names.

Lancey in ‘Translations’ is another character that effectively shows the difficulty of communication between the English and Irish. An example of this is when Lancey attempts to tell the local people of Baile Beag what his plans are for the town, though he must use Owen to translate so they can understand what he is saying. However, he ‘speaks as if he was addressing children,’ and thinks Jimmy is speaking Gaelic when he is in fact speaking Latin. This shows how the English are ignorant of the Irish language and culture, which makes it impossible to communicate effectively.

Manus is a character that shows difficulty in communication between both English and Irish characters. As he is unwilling to speak English ‘for the benefit of the colonist,’ he cannot speak to them properly, such as when he shouted at Yolland and later realised it was ‘The wrong gesture in the wrong language,’ as Yolland did not even understand what he was saying.

Manus is clinging to his language and culture so much that he fails to recognise Maire’s ambition to move forward. He therefore does not listen to her needs, such as her need for a man to support her, which is why she asked, ‘Did you apply for that job in the new national school?’ This results in Maire becoming frustrated at Manus and ultimately falling for Yolland.

Hugh and Manus also have no form of real communication, as Hugh talks to Manus ‘as if to a footman,’ and sees him more as his servant than his son.

Jimmy is so engrossed in his books that he cannot communicate effectively with any other characters, which leads to him being ridiculed and alienated. For example, as Jimmy is not living in reality, he gives advice on agriculture from Virgil, a poem thousands of years old, stating, ‘Black soil for corn. That’s what you should have in that upper field of yours - corn, not spuds.’ He therefore, gets replies such as, ‘Agh, g’way back home to Greece, son’ and ‘would you take a run at yourself Jimmy Jack Cassie!’

Similarly, in ‘The Tempest,’ Prospero was also engrossed in study of magic, which meant that he failed to detect his brother’s ambition and plotting to usurp him of his position as Duke of Milan. Prospero admits,

‘The government I cast upon my brother,

And to my state grew stranger, being transported

And rapt in secret studies.’

This led to Prospero and Miranda being cast out to sea in the hope that they would die there, which shows how a lack of communication can lead to violence.

The most obvious characters however that seem to have difficulty in communicating are Prospero and Miranda. For example, in Act 1, Scene 2, we see that Prospero is only telling Miranda the reason why she is on the island after 12 years of living there. He states,

‘’Tis time

I should inform thee father,’

Which makes us wonder why he did not tell her earlier, or why she failed to ask before. He also seems to hide a lot of other things from Miranda, such as the reason he caused the storm. Instead, he tells her there is, ‘No harm’ and states ‘I have done nothing but in care of thee,’ which is unconvincing, as we know that it was actually for his own means entirely. He also does not allow Miranda to see Ariel, but puts her to sleep before calling him.

Throughout this scene, Prospero constantly asks Miranda, ‘Dost thou attend me?’ and ‘Dost thou hear?’ which suggests that it is Prospero always talking and Miranda listening, which is not an effective way to communicate.

Also, the relationship between Miranda and Ferdinand is manufactured by Prospero as a way to aid his own plans, which may cause problems.

The two seem to fall in love at first sight. This could be due to the fact that Ferdinand may think he is marooned on the island with no chance of leaving, and falls for Miranda because he thinks she is a ‘goddess.’ It may also be due to the fact that Ferdinand is the first man outside of the island that Miranda has ever seen, and so she is likely to be fascinated by him.

Miranda also fails to make any connection between her father’s story of betrayal and Ferdinand’s promise,

‘I’ll make you

The Queen of Naples,’ which shows a lack of communication.

Caliban cannot communicate the frustration he feels towards Prospero effectively, which leads to him seeking to ‘violate…the honour’ of Miranda, or in other words, trying to rape her. This again shows how a breakdown of communication can lead to violence.

In conclusion, it has become clear that both ‘The Tempest’ by William Shakespeare and ‘Translations’ by Brian Friel are capable of a variety of interpretations and contain a number of ideas. These ideas can be explored in a range of ways, which results from the ambiguity of each play. The interpretations will also vary from person to person and the significance of these interpretations may depend on contextual issues of the reader.

“The Tempest” by William Shakespeare Literature Analysis Essay

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As a source of information (ensure proper referencing)
As a template for you assignment

In his play The Tempest, William Shakespeare illustrates the transformation of many characters who have to re-evaluate their values, attitudes, and perceptions. This paper is aimed at discussing such a person as Ferdinand whose love for Miranda is one of the main themes explored in this play. He has to discover several important qualities such as responsibility and ability to love. These are the things that he lacks at the beginning of this play. This person is important for the author because he demonstrates how love can change an individual, his behavior, and perception of the world. These questions should be examined more closely.

It should be noted that Ferdinand is present in the first scene, but he does not take part in the conversation. Certainly, one can assume that he is frightened. Moreover, Ferdinand is forced to accept that his life can soon end. Nevertheless, it is not possible to make accurate conjectures about his experiences. Overall, one can argue that Prospero is able to test Ferdinand’s qualities and intentions. Aerial, who serves Prospero, separates Ferdinand from his father; as a result, Ferdinand comes to the belief that his father and friends have perished. Therefore, he is forced to act independently. This character quickly forgets about his loss, when he sees Miranda and falls in love with her.

To a great extent, this example indicates the flippancy or light-mindedness of this character. He promises to make Miranda “the queen of Naples” without even mentioning his father Alonso, who could have died (Shakespeare 45). Moreover, it does not even occur to Ferdinand that he cannot fulfill his promise. This is one of the details that can attract readers’ attention.

Additionally, Fernando’s affection for Miranda bears a close resemblance to lust at least at the beginning. He does not think about the need to care about Miranda However, he eventually understands that Miranda is different from other women. The following quote illustrates Ferdinand’s experiences,

‘for several virtues

Have I liked several women; never any

With so full soul’ (Shakespeare 93).

In other words, he sees that this girl can transform him. By allowing Ferdinand to talk to Miranda, Prospero enables this character to reject his previous outlook. In particular, Ferdinand learns that he can be fully dedicated to another person. Moreover, he understands that love implies some responsibility for the wellbeing and dignity of a woman. For instance, he assumes an obligation to arrange a formal marriage with Miranda (Shakespeare 121). In the past, he did not act in this way, because his behavior was driven mostly by lust, rather than love. This is the main change that Ferdinand undergoes. To some extent, this transformation was caused by Prospero manipulations. His magic makes other people discover their true selves. This is one of the main arguments that can be put forward.

On the whole, these examples indicate that Prospero’s actions prompt Ferdinand to discover the hidden qualities. In particular, Ferdinand discovers that he can be committed to the needs of another person. Shakespeare focuses his attention on the behavior of this character because in this way he tries to show love should not be confused with lust. Ferdinand’s transformation highlights the difference between these notions. This is one of the main aspects that should be taken into account by the readers of this play.

Works Cited

Shakespeare, William. The Tempest, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004. Print.

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