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How to Write a Research Paper: the LEAP approach (+cheat sheet)
In this article I will show you how to write a research paper using the four LEAP writing steps. The LEAP academic writing approach is a step-by-step method for turning research results into a published paper .
The LEAP writing approach has been the cornerstone of the 70 + research papers that I have authored and the 3700+ citations these paper have accumulated within 9 years since the completion of my PhD. I hope the LEAP approach will help you just as much as it has helped me to make an real, tangible impact with my research.
What is the LEAP research paper writing approach?
I designed the LEAP writing approach not only for merely writing the papers. My goal with the writing system was to show young scientists how to first think about research results and then how to efficiently write each section of the research paper.
In other words, you will see how to write a research paper by first analyzing the results and then building a logical, persuasive arguments. In this way, instead of being afraid of writing research paper, you will be able to rely on the paper writing process to help you with what is the most demanding task in getting published – thinking.
The four research paper writing steps according to the LEAP approach:
I will show each of these steps in detail. And you will be able to download the LEAP cheat sheet for using with every paper you write.
But before I tell you how to efficiently write a research paper, I want to show you what is the problem with the way scientists typically write a research paper and why the LEAP approach is more efficient.
How scientists typically write a research paper (and why it isn’t efficient)
Writing a research paper can be tough, especially for a young scientist. Your reasoning needs to be persuasive and thorough enough to convince readers of your arguments. The description has to be derived from research evidence, from prior art, and from your own judgment. This is a tough feat to accomplish.
The figure below shows the sequence of the different parts of a typical research paper. Depending on the scientific journal, some sections might be merged or nonexistent, but the general outline of a research paper will remain very similar.
Here is the problem: Most people make the mistake of writing in this same sequence.
While the structure of scientific articles is designed to help the reader follow the research, it does little to help the scientist write the paper. This is because the layout of research articles starts with the broad (introduction) and narrows down to the specifics (results). See in the figure below how the research paper is structured in terms of the breath of information that each section entails.
How to write a research paper according to the LEAP approach
For a scientist, it is much easier to start writing a research paper with laying out the facts in the narrow sections (i.e. results), step back to describe them (i.e. write the discussion), and step back again to explain the broader picture in the introduction.
For example, it might feel intimidating to start writing a research paper by explaining your research’s global significance in the introduction, while it is easy to plot the figures in the results. When plotting the results, there is not much room for wiggle: the results are what they are.
Starting to write a research papers from the results is also more fun because you finally get to see and understand the complete picture of the research that you have worked on.
Most importantly, following the LEAP approach will help you first make sense of the results yourself and then clearly communicate them to the readers. That is because the sequence of writing allows you to slowly understand the meaning of the results and then develop arguments for presenting to your readers.
I have personally been able to write and submit a research article in three short days using this method.
Step 1: Lay Out the Facts
You have worked long hours on a research project that has produced results and are no doubt curious to determine what they exactly mean. There is no better way to do this than by preparing figures, graphics and tables. This is what the first LEAP step is focused on – diving into the results.
How to p repare charts and tables for a research paper
Your first task is to try out different ways of visually demonstrating the research results. In many fields, the central items of a journal paper will be charts that are based on the data generated during research. In other fields, these might be conceptual diagrams, microscopy images, schematics and a number of other types of scientific graphics which should visually communicate the research study and its results to the readers. If you have reasonably small number of data points, data tables might be useful as well.
Tips for preparing charts and tables
- Try multiple chart types but in the finished paper only use the one that best conveys the message you want to present to the readers
- Follow the eight chart design progressions for selecting and refining a data chart for your paper: https://peerrecognized.com/chart-progressions
- Prepare scientific graphics and visualizations for your paper using the scientific graphic design cheat sheet: https://peerrecognized.com/tools-for-creating-scientific-illustrations/
How to describe the results of your research
Now that you have your data charts, graphics and tables laid out in front of you – describe what you see in them. Seek to answer the question: What have I found? Your statements should progress in a logical sequence and be backed by the visual information. Since, at this point, you are simply explaining what everyone should be able to see for themselves, you can use a declarative tone: The figure X demonstrates that…
Tips for describing the research results :
- Answer the question: “ What have I found? “
- Use declarative tone since you are simply describing observations
Step 2: Explain the results
The core aspect of your research paper is not actually the results; it is the explanation of their meaning. In the second LEAP step, you will do some heavy lifting by guiding the readers through the results using logic backed by previous scientific research.
How to define the Message of a research paper
To define the central message of your research paper, imagine how you would explain your research to a colleague in 20 seconds . If you succeed in effectively communicating your paper’s message, a reader should be able to recount your findings in a similarly concise way even a year after reading it. This clarity will increase the chances that someone uses the knowledge you generated, which in turn raises the likelihood of citations to your research paper.
Tips for defining the paper’s central message :
- Write the paper’s core message in a single sentence or two bullet points
- Write the core message in the header of the research paper manuscript
How to write the Discussion section of a research paper
In the discussion section you have to demonstrate why your research paper is worthy of publishing. In other words, you must now answer the all-important So what? question . How well you do so will ultimately define the success of your research paper.
Here are three steps to get started with writing the discussion section:
- Write bullet points of the things that convey the central message of the research article (these may evolve into subheadings later on).
- Make a list with the arguments or observations that support each idea.
- Finally, expand on each point to make full sentences and paragraphs.
Tips for writing the discussion section:
- What is the meaning of the results?
- Was the hypothesis confirmed?
- Write bullet points that support the core message
- List logical arguments for each bullet point, group them into sections
- Instead of repeating research timeline, use a presentation sequence that best supports your logic
- Convert arguments to full paragraphs; be confident but do not overhype
- Refer to both supportive and contradicting research papers for maximum credibility
How to write the Conclusions of a research paper
Since some readers might just skim through your research paper and turn directly to the conclusions, it is a good idea to make conclusion a standalone piece. In the first few sentences of the conclusions, briefly summarize the methodology and try to avoid using abbreviations (if you do, explain what they mean).
After this introduction, summarize the findings from the discussion section. Either paragraph style or bullet-point style conclusions can be used. I prefer the bullet-point style because it clearly separates the different conclusions and provides an easy-to-digest overview for the casual browser. It also forces me to be more succinct.
Tips for writing the conclusion section :
- Summarize the key findings, starting with the most important one
- Make conclusions standalone (short summary, avoid abbreviations)
- Add an optional take-home message and suggest future research in the last paragraph
How to refine the Objective of a research paper
The objective is a short, clear statement defining the paper’s research goals. It can be included either in the final paragraph of the introduction, or as a separate subsection after the introduction. Avoid writing long paragraphs with in-depth reasoning, references, and explanation of methodology since these belong in other sections. The paper’s objective can often be written in a single crisp sentence.
Tips for writing the objective section :
- The objective should ask the question that is answered by the central message of the research paper
- The research objective should be clear long before writing a paper. At this point, you are simply refining it to make sure it is addressed in the body of the paper.
How to write the Methodology section of your research paper
When writing the methodology section, aim for a depth of explanation that will allow readers to reproduce the study . This means that if you are using a novel method, you will have to describe it thoroughly. If, on the other hand, you applied a standardized method, or used an approach from another paper, it will be enough to briefly describe it with reference to the detailed original source.
Remember to also detail the research population, mention how you ensured representative sampling, and elaborate on what statistical methods you used to analyze the results.
Tips for writing the methodology section :
- Include enough detail to allow reproducing the research
- Provide references if the methods are known
- Create a methodology flow chart to add clarity
- Describe the research population, sampling methodology, statistical methods for result analysis
- Describe what methodology, test methods, materials, and sample groups were used in the research.
Step 3: Advertize the research
Step 3 of the LEAP writing approach is designed to entice the casual browser into reading your research paper. This advertising can be done with an informative title, an intriguing abstract, as well as a thorough explanation of the underlying need for doing the research within the introduction.
How to write the Introduction of a research paper
The introduction section should leave no doubt in the mind of the reader that what you are doing is important and that this work could push scientific knowledge forward. To do this convincingly, you will need to have a good knowledge of what is state-of-the-art in your field. You also need be able to see the bigger picture in order to demonstrate the potential impacts of your research work.
Think of the introduction as a funnel, going from wide to narrow, as shown in the figure below:
- Start with a brief context to explain what do we already know,
- Follow with the motivation for the research study and explain why should we care about it,
- Explain the research gap you are going to bridge within this research paper,
- Describe the approach you will take to solve the problem.
Tips for writing the introduction section :
- Follow the Context – Motivation – Research gap – Approach funnel for writing the introduction
- Explain how others tried and how you plan to solve the research problem
- Do a thorough literature review before writing the introduction
- Start writing the introduction by using your own words, then add references from the literature
How to prepare the Abstract of a research paper
The abstract acts as your paper’s elevator pitch and is therefore best written only after the main text is finished. In this one short paragraph you must convince someone to take on the time-consuming task of reading your whole research article. So, make the paper easy to read, intriguing, and self-explanatory; avoid jargon and abbreviations.
How to structure the abstract of a research paper:
- The abstract is a single paragraph that follows this structure:
- Problem: why did we research this
- Methodology: typically starts with the words “Here we…” that signal the start of own contribution.
- Results: what we found from the research.
- Conclusions: show why are the findings important
How to compose a research paper Title
The title is the ultimate summary of a research paper. It must therefore entice someone looking for information to click on a link to it and continue reading the article. A title is also used for indexing purposes in scientific databases, so a representative and optimized title will play large role in determining if your research paper appears in search results at all.
Tips for coming up with a research paper title:
- Capture curiosity of potential readers using a clear and descriptive title
- Include broad terms that are often searched
- Add details that uniquely identify the researched subject of your research paper
- Avoid jargon and abbreviations
- Use keywords as title extension (instead of duplicating the words) to increase the chance of appearing in search results
How to prepare Highlights and Graphical Abstract
Highlights are three to five short bullet-point style statements that convey the core findings of the research paper. Notice that the focus is on the findings, not on the process of getting there.
A graphical abstract placed next to the textual abstract visually summarizes the entire research paper in a single, easy-to-follow figure. I show how to create a graphical abstract in my book Research Data Visualization and Scientific Graphics.
Tips for preparing highlights and graphical abstract:
- In highlights show core findings of the research paper (instead of what you did in the study).
- In graphical abstract show take-home message or methodology of the research paper. Learn more about creating a graphical abstract in this article.
Step 4: Prepare for submission
Sometimes it seems that nuclear fusion will stop on the star closest to us (read: the sun will stop to shine) before a submitted manuscript is published in a scientific journal. The publication process routinely takes a long time, and after submitting the manuscript you have very little control over what happens. To increase the chances of a quick publication, you must do your homework before submitting the manuscript. In the fourth LEAP step, you make sure that your research paper is published in the most appropriate journal as quickly and painlessly as possible.
How to select a scientific Journal for your research paper
The best way to find a journal for your research paper is it to review which journals you used while preparing your manuscript. This source listing should provide some assurance that your own research paper, once published, will be among similar articles and, thus, among your field’s trusted sources.
After this initial selection of hand-full of scientific journals, consider the following six parameters for selecting the most appropriate journal for your research paper (read this article to review each step in detail):
- Scope and publishing history
- Ranking and Recognition
- Publishing time
- Acceptance rate
- Content requirements
- Access and Fees
How to select a journal for your research paper:
- Use the six parameters to select the most appropriate scientific journal for your research paper
- Use the following tools for journal selection: https://peerrecognized.com/journals
- Follow the journal’s “Authors guide” formatting requirements
How to Edit you manuscript
No one can write a finished research paper on their first attempt. Before submitting, make sure to take a break from your work for a couple of days, or even weeks. Try not to think about the manuscript during this time. Once it has faded from your memory, it is time to return and edit. The pause will allow you to read the manuscript from a fresh perspective and make edits as necessary.
I have summarized the most useful research paper editing tools in this article.
Tips for editing a research paper:
- Take time away from the research paper to forget about it; then returning to edit,
- Start by editing the content: structure, headings, paragraphs, logic, figures
- Continue by editing the grammar and language; perform a thorough language check using academic writing tools
- Read the entire paper out loud and correct what sounds weird
How to write a compelling Cover Letter for your paper
Begin the cover letter by stating the paper’s title and the type of paper you are submitting (review paper, research paper, short communication). Next, concisely explain why your study was performed, what was done, and what the key findings are. State why the results are important and what impact they might have in the field. Make sure you mention how your approach and findings relate to the scope of the journal in order to show why the article would be of interest to the journal’s readers.
I wrote a separate article that explains what to include in a cover letter here. You can also download a cover letter template from the article.
Tips for writing a cover letter:
- Explain how the findings of your research relate to journal’s scope
- Tell what impact the research results will have
- Show why the research paper will interest the journal’s audience
- Add any legal statements as required in journal’s guide for authors
How to Answer the Reviewers
Reviewers will often ask for new experiments, extended discussion, additional details on the experimental setup, and so forth. In principle, your primary winning tactic will be to agree with the reviewers and follow their suggestions whenever possible. After all, you must earn their blessing in order to get your paper published.
Be sure to answer each review query and stick to the point. In the response to the reviewers document write exactly where in the paper you have made any changes. In the paper itself, highlight the changes using a different color. This way the reviewers are less likely to re-read the entire article and suggest new edits.
In cases when you don’t agree with the reviewers, it makes sense to answer more thoroughly. Reviewers are scientifically minded people and so, with enough logical and supported argument, they will eventually be willing to see things your way.
Tips for answering the reviewers:
- Agree with most review comments, but if you don’t, thoroughly explain why
- Highlight changes in the manuscript
- Do not take the comments personally and cool down before answering
The LEAP research paper writing cheat sheet
Imagine that you are back in grad school and preparing to take an exam on the topic: “How to write a research paper”. As an exemplary student, you would, most naturally, create a cheat sheet summarizing the subject… Well, I did it for you.
This one-page summary of the LEAP research paper writing technique will remind you of the key research paper writing steps. Print it out and stick it to a wall in your office so that you can review it whenever you are writing a new research paper.
Now that we have gone through the four LEAP research paper writing steps, I hope you have a good idea of how to write a research paper. It can be an enjoyable process and once you get the hang of it, the four LEAP writing steps should even help you think about and interpret the research results. This process should enable you to write a well-structured, concise, and compelling research paper.
Have fund with writing your next research paper. I hope it will turn out great!
Learn writing papers that get cited
The LEAP writing approach is a blueprint for writing research papers. But to be efficient and write papers that get cited, you need more than that.
My name is Martins Zaumanis and in my interactive course Research Paper Writing Masterclass I will show you how to visualize your research results, frame a message that convinces your readers, and write each section of the paper. Step-by-step.
And of course – you will learn to respond the infamous Reviewer No.2.
Hey! My name is Martins Zaumanis and I am a materials scientist in Switzerland ( Google Scholar ). As the first person in my family with a PhD, I have first-hand experience of the challenges starting scientists face in academia. With this blog, I want to help young researchers succeed in academia. I call the blog “Peer Recognized”, because peer recognition is what lifts academic careers and pushes science forward.
Besides this blog, I have written the Peer Recognized book series and created the Peer Recognized Academy offering interactive online courses.
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Harvard University Theses, Dissertations, and Prize Papers
The Harvard University Archives ’ collection of theses, dissertations, and prize papers document the wide range of academic research undertaken by Harvard students over the course of the University’s history.
Beyond their value as pieces of original research, these collections document the history of American higher education, chronicling both the growth of Harvard as a major research institution as well as the development of numerous academic fields. They are also an important source of biographical information, offering insight into the academic careers of the authors.
Spanning from the ‘theses and quaestiones’ of the 17th and 18th centuries to the current yearly output of student research, they include both the first Harvard Ph.D. dissertation (by William Byerly, Ph.D . 1873) and the dissertation of the first woman to earn a doctorate from Harvard ( Lorna Myrtle Hodgkinson , Ed.D. 1922).
Other highlights include:
- The collection of Mathematical theses, 1782-1839
- The 1895 Ph.D. dissertation of W.E.B. Du Bois, The suppression of the African slave trade in the United States, 1638-1871
- Ph.D. dissertations of astronomer Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (Ph.D. 1925) and physicist John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (Ph.D. 1922)
- Undergraduate honors theses of novelist John Updike (A.B. 1954), filmmaker Terrence Malick (A.B. 1966), and U.S. poet laureate Tracy Smith (A.B. 1994)
- Undergraduate prize papers and dissertations of philosophers Ralph Waldo Emerson (A.B. 1821), George Santayana (Ph.D. 1889), and W.V. Quine (Ph.D. 1932)
- Undergraduate honors theses of U.S. President John F. Kennedy (A.B. 1940) and Chief Justice John Roberts (A.B. 1976)
What does a prize-winning thesis look like?
If you're a Harvard undergraduate writing your own thesis, it can be helpful to review recent prize-winning theses. The Harvard University Archives has made available for digital lending all of the Thomas Hoopes Prize winners from the 2019-2021 academic years.
Accessing These Materials
How to access materials at the Harvard University Archives
How to find and request dissertations, in person or virtually
How to find and request undergraduate honors theses
How to find and request Thomas Temple Hoopes Prize papers
How to find and request Bowdoin Prize papers
- email: Email
- Phone number 617-495-2461
Related Collections
Harvard faculty personal and professional archives, harvard student life collections: arts, sports, politics and social life, access materials at the harvard university archives.
- Writing Research Papers
Written by Hannah Slack
What to expect in this guide
Publishing a research paper is a significant step in showcasing your academic work. But, before you submit, there are several stages to navigate through, and steps to follow, to ensure your paper meets all necessary requirements. This guide will help you with:
- how you write your research paper including where you gather your data, how to formulate your hypothesis, and how to present your findings;
- understanding and adhering to a journal's formatting style;
- the most effective ways to review your content and thoroughly check for any potential errors or omissions;
- how to submit your finished paper.
It’s likely you’ll be expected to write a research paper during your PhD. Publishing work can be a great way to improve an academic CV and promote yourself as an early career researcher. You might also present your findings at a conference, where you can further network and promote your area of expertise.
But writing a paper during a PhD is not easy and can take a lot of background work. That’s why it’s important to plan ahead and follow some key steps.
What is a research paper
A research paper is a publication of your own argument in a particular field of study. Whether you are a single or co-author, it should present a well-researched perspective on a relevant academic debate.
The purpose of a paper is to critically engage with a topic and present your own thoughts formed after a period of study on a relevant source base.
What makes a good research paper?
A good PhD research paper should be able to identify clear objectives, an appropriate methodology and contribute interesting and unique conclusions to an academic field. It should be able to comment on the current field of study and identify why this work is significant.
How to outline a research paper
After conducting preliminary research, you should be able to identity a specific area or issue that needs further development.
The first thing you need is a topic. Unlike a book, a research paper should not aim to tackle a whole academic discipline. Instead the topic needs to be focused and narrow. Potential discussion might focus on an underused source base, a particular debate, or a new development.
Source base
Once you have decided upon a topic, you will need to identify a source base. Like the topic, this needs to be focused and narrow.
This is the stage in which you will conduct the bulk of your research. Ask yourself, what are the sources telling you? Do they change your idea in any way? And, are there any additional sources you might have missed that could be important to your topic?
The argument
After completing a significant amount of research, you should be able to form an argument. What does your evidence suggest? How does this contribute to the debates you originally intended to address? This is a good time to start listing the relevant points you’ll want to cover in the body.
It can also be helpful to write your argument down. While it might change in the process of writing, or after further research, it’s good to have a focus. A research paper should not be descriptive and so it can be helpful to have a preliminary argument written to keep your writing focused.
Choosing a publisher
Lastly, before writing you should identify which journal you want to submit to. It’s important to pick a journal that covers your field of study as this will give you a greater chance of publication. It will also mean that assigned reviewers will be more knowledgeable on your current academic discipline and so will offer better guidance in their feedback.
A good method is to check your own secondary research. Which are the most common journals you use? Then you can use their websites to assess whether your topic and methodology fits their style guidelines. Sometimes it might be worth emailing the journal editor with a brief summary of your article to enquire if it would be something of interest.
How to structure a research paper
After creating an outline of your points and argument, this needs to be organised into a written format. The length of your paper will depend upon your field of study, methodology, referencing style and intended publisher. Journals will list the length of publications they accept on their website and so you should use that as a guide.
While articles are commonly between 10-20 pages, some journals will accept pieces up to 50 pages.
Introduction
Arguably the most important part of any written piece, the introduction needs to be engaging to catch the reader’s attention. Here, you should summarise your topic and approach before finishing with a thesis statement.
The main body will feature the main points that you listed for your argument. Make sure each section is relevant and linked. Going off on a tangent can make your work look unorganised. Your argument might seem less convincing if there is little or no apparent relation between each point.
It’s important to remember that you should not organise your sections by sources, but by theme. It is also a good idea to finish with your strongest point as it can help make your conclusion look more convincing.
Here you should revisit your original thesis statement made in the introduction and then summarise how you have shown this to be true. Go over each point making it clear how it contributes to your argument. The conclusion is also where you might suggest that further research is needed into the broader topic.
Lastly, it is always crucial to revise your work. A good research paper will probably be drafted at least a couple of times. Make sure to check these three key things:
- Grammar and readability
- The clarity and flow of your argument
- References and factual evidence used
How to format a research paper
Every publishing house will have their own specific formatting style guides. That’s why it’s important to know who you want to publish with before you submit.
All journals will ask for an abstract of your article. An abstract is a paragraph long summary of the paper. Its purpose is for readers to decide whether they need or want to read your article. It should include the subject of research, the reason behind it, a methodology and concluding statement.
Following style guides
The main thing to check in the formatting style guide is referencing. Make sure you have used the right system, whether it be in-text citations, footnotes or endnotes. You should also check if you are required to have a bibliography. It is also good practice to submit in the required font and sizing.
Some journals might also ask for a short biography of the author.
The last stage of writing a research paper is submission. After sending your paper to a journal it will be checked by an editor before being sent for peer review. Under peer review the article will be read by three to four anonymous readers (depending on the size of the journal). Each will provide feedback.
It is unlikely that a PhD research paper will be full accepted on first submission and often edits will be required. If your article has been preliminarily accepted, you will be given a set period for edits. Each anonymous reviewer will provide their constructive feedback and you should attempt to address each point raised.
Doing a PhD
For more information on what it’s like to do a PhD, read our guides to research proposals , dissertations and the viva .
Ready to do a PhD?
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What happens during a typical PhD, and when? We've summarised the main milestones of a doctoral research journey.
The PhD thesis is the most important part of a doctoral degree. This page will introduce you to what you need to know about the PhD dissertation.
This page will give you an idea of what to expect from your routine as a PhD student, explaining how your daily life will look at you progress through a doctoral degree.
PhD fees can vary based on subject, university and location. Use our guide to find out the PhD fees in the UK and other destinations, as well as doctoral living costs.
Our guide tells you everything about the application process for studying a PhD in the USA.
Postgraduate students in the UK are not eligible for the same funding as undergraduates or the free-hours entitlement for workers. So, what childcare support are postgraduate students eligible for?
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About OATD.org
OATD.org aims to be the best possible resource for finding open access graduate theses and dissertations published around the world. Metadata (information about the theses) comes from over 1100 colleges, universities, and research institutions . OATD currently indexes 7,225,126 theses and dissertations.
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Visual OATD.org
We’re happy to present several data visualizations to give an overall sense of the OATD.org collection by county of publication, language, and field of study.
You may also want to consult these sites to search for other theses:
- Google Scholar
- NDLTD , the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. NDLTD provides information and a search engine for electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs), whether they are open access or not.
- Proquest Theses and Dissertations (PQDT), a database of dissertations and theses, whether they were published electronically or in print, and mostly available for purchase. Access to PQDT may be limited; consult your local library for access information.
Dissertation & Thesis Examples 📖
Real-world examples and samples from leading universities
Need some inspiration for your study? You’ve come to the right place. Here we showcase a collection of dissertation and thesis examples to help you get started. All of these are real-world studies from actual degrees (typically PhD and Master’s-level).
PS – If you’re looking for examples of specific dissertation chapters (e.g., literature review or methodology), you can also check out our collection of free templates .
Discipline-Specific Examples
- Business & management
- Political science
Stage-Specific Examples
- Proposal/pitch
- Literature review
- Methodology
Examples: Business & Management
Below you’ll find a sample of business and management-related dissertations and theses covering a range of topics.
Title: Interaction Among Supply Chains: Consumers, Firms and Policymakers Author: Yuanchen Li Year: 2020
This PhD thesis examines the dynamics of supply chain relationships across three levels: the interactions between firms and consumers, suppliers and buyers, and firms and governments. The research aims to provide insights into the complexities of supply chain dynamics and their implications for various stakeholders.
Title: Essays in Firm-Level Patenting Activities and Financial Outcomes Author: Michael J Woeppel Year: 2020
This doctoral dissertation explores financial dynamics in two key areas: investment valuation and the performance of small innovative firms. The first chapter introduces a new metric, PI q, which incorporates the replacement cost of patent capital into the traditional Tobin’s q calculation. The second chapter examines small innovative firms, finding that they achieve higher returns for up to five years compared to non-innovators.
Title: Analysis of Design Artifacts in Platform-Based Markets Author: Vandith Pamuru Subramanya Rama Year: 2020
This dissertation investigates design issues within digital platform-based markets through three essays. The first essay explores the economic impact of augmented-reality games like Pokémon Go on local businesses, specifically restaurants. The second essay delves into the sponsored search ad-market, examining the effects of market frictions on bidding behaviors in auctions. The third essay examines user-generated content platforms, focusing on how the loss of elite status affects user contributions.
Title: Gaming the IRS’s Third-Party Reporting System: Evidence From Pari-Mutuel Wagering Author: Victor Charles Ferguson Year: 2020
This dissertation investigates if taxpayers deliberately avoid IRS third-party reporting mechanisms, focusing on an IRS amendment in 2017 that changed how gambling winnings are reported. Specifically, it looks at the impact on thoroughbred racing wagers in the US, using Canadian tracks as a control.
Title: Essays on Product Innovation and Failures Author: Moonsik Shin Year: 2020
This dissertation delves into how strategic decisions made by firms can lead to innovation failures, a relatively underexplored area compared to studies on successful innovations. The research is structured into three essays. The first explores how inter-organisational relationships, specifically investments from venture capitalists, can influence innovation failures due to pressures such as time constraints imposed on portfolio companies. The second essay examines the role of acquisitions in innovation failures, suggesting that challenges like adverse selection and integration issues post-acquisition can significantly hinder a firm’s innovation outcomes. The third essay looks at how incremental product development can lead to failures if new products are too dependent on existing technologies, which may themselves be flawed.
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Examples: Psychology Dissertations
Title: Development and Validation of the Instrumental Support Inventory for Spouses Author: Ryan P. Egan Year: 2020
This research develops and validates the Instrumental Support Inventory for Spouses (ISI-s), a new tool to measure the practical support received from a romantic partner. The study involved two phases: initially, 372 married individuals helped refine the 39-item inventory across five categories through exploratory factor analysis, assessing reliability and validity. The second phase tested the inventory with 298 parents and their partners, using a longitudinal design, confirming its reliability and validity further.
Title: Dysfunctional Individuation, Spiritual Struggle and Identity in Emerging Adults: A Developmental Approach Author: Katheryn J. Klukow Kelley Year: 2020
This study investigates why emerging adults are participating less in organised religion, yet showing increased spirituality, attributing this shift to the process of religious identity development. The research involved a longitudinal survey of 788 students at a religious university, using structural equation models to analyse data collected at four points over an academic year.
Title: Depression Dynamics across a Decade: Density in Daily Depressive Affect and Yearly Depressive Symptoms Author: Raquael J. Joiner Year: 2020
This thesis investigates depression through a dynamic systems perspective, which views changes in depressive symptoms as part of an interconnected network of emotions and states, rather than isolated events. The research focuses on how the density of depressive affect—essentially the compactness and intensity of depressive symptoms—varies within individuals over a decade. By examining data at five different timepoints, the study aims to understand how these symptoms cluster daily and how this clustering influences transitions into or out of depressive states year by year.
Title: Maternal and Adolescent ADHD, Aggression, and Dysfunctional Discipline: Mediating Roles of Maternal Emotion Dysregulation and Stress Author: Natalie M. Ehret Year: 2020
This dissertation explores the challenges that parents face when both they and their children exhibit symptoms of ADHD, as well as oppositional defiant and aggressive behaviours. It investigates how these symptoms in mothers and adolescents may influence parenting discipline, focusing specifically on the roles of maternal emotion dysregulation and stress in shaping disciplinary practices. The study employs a process-oriented approach to better understand these complex dynamics.
Title: Linguistic Markers of Maternal Focus within Emotional Conversations: The Role of Depressive Symptoms and Maltreatment Author: Brigid Behrens Year: 2020
This study explores the relationship between maternal well-being and the language used during parent-child conversations about past emotional events. It specifically examines the use of first-person singular (“I”) and first-person plural (“we”) pronouns during a reminiscing task, to determine how maternal language might reflect cognitive biases. The research includes 229 mother-child dyads, both maltreating and non-maltreating, who are part of a larger clinical trial focused on Reminiscing and Emotion Training.
Examples: Education Theses
Title: Functions and Purposes of Outdoor Education in Singaporean Education and Society: An Instrumental Case Study Author: Susanna Ho Year: 2011
This research aims to explore the roles outdoor education can play in Singapore, by conducting a case study of one school’s programme. Employing interviews, participant observations, and document analysis with tools like NVivo software, the study uses a grounded theory framework to interpret findings. It also incorporates Gert Biesta’s educational functions to assess outdoor education within Singapore’s specific context.
Title: The Impact of Internationalisation of Higher Education on Nursing Education in an Australian University: A Case Study Author: Elizabeth Alexandra Lavender Year: 2014
This study examines the impact of the rapid internationalisation of higher education on the School of Nursing and Midwifery at La Trobe University, Australia. It explores how global trends and policies, particularly the shift from ‘Aid to Trade’, have influenced educational practices within the school. The research uses a case study approach, incorporating document analysis and interviews with 15 university staff experienced in international education.
Title: Diabetes Education from the Podiatrist Perspective Author: Julia Yungken Year: 2020
This thesis investigates how diabetes education is delivered by podiatrists to patients, and the retention of this education over time. Through a series of four articles, the research first conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine current educational practices. It then follows a study with three podiatrists and 24 patients over six months to observe educational retention. Additionally, a survey among Australian podiatrists assesses various educational methods and experiences. The study utilises diverse methodologies including observational studies, cognitive assessments, and surveys to understand and enhance the educational practices in diabetes care provided by podiatrists.
Title: Empowering Saudi Arabian Primary Teachers Through Participatory Action Research to Improve Their Professional Knowledge and Practices Regarding Gifted Learners Author: Faisal Yahya Alamiri Year: 2013
Title: Developing a National Assessment Model to Inform Educational Policy in Bhutan Author: Gembo Tshering Year: 2012
Examples: Healthcare-Related Dissertations
Title: Impact of the Increased Use of Telehealth on Health Care Management and Administration: The Case of New Care Management Practices Author: Immacula Pierre Year: 2024
This qualitative study explored the perceptions of healthcare managers on telehealth’s role and its influence on healthcare practices during the pandemic, focusing on aspects like provision and quality control. Through video-conferenced semi-structured interviews with 10 healthcare managers across various U.S. settings, the research aimed to understand the benefits, challenges, and the future role of telehealth.
Title: Healthcare Facilities Management Leadership Style Compared to Traditional Healthcare Business and Clinical Leaders Author: Joshua Ashlock Year: 2020
This dissertation explores leadership style differences between two groups within healthcare: traditional business and clinical leaders (represented by members of the American College of Healthcare Executives, ACHE) and healthcare facilities management leaders (represented by members of the American Society of Healthcare Engineers, ASHE). The research focuses on comparing transformational, transactional, and passive-avoidant leadership traits between these groups.
Title: Leadership Support as an Influence on Frontline Healthcare Employee Retention in the Washington Metropolitan Area (DMV) Author: Tamika Fair Year: 2023
This qualitative case study addresses the significant issue of high turnover rates among frontline healthcare employees in the DMV area, examining how the lack of support from healthcare leadership contributes to this problem. Through semi-structured interviews with 11 primary healthcare administrators in the DMV region, the research investigates how leaders engage with frontline workers and assesses their preparedness to tackle high staff turnover.
Title: Electronic Patient Portals: Promotion of Access by Healthcare Workers Increases Patient Engagement Author: Dena Todd Year: 2022
This integrative literature review examines strategies for promoting electronic patient portal (EPP) access in healthcare settings, a requirement highlighted by the Health Information for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2010. The review underscores the importance of EPP systems in providing patients with access to their personal health information, including medications, lab results, diagnostics, and appointments. It discusses the potential risks for healthcare organisations that fail to offer such access, notably the loss of federal funding.
Title: Understanding Workplace Conditions Contributing to Physician Burnout Prevalence in Maryland State Author: Fatima Adefunke Queen Year: 2023
This dissertation utilises a qualitative multiple-case study to examine the workplace conditions that contribute to physician burnout in Maryland, particularly among primary care providers who show burnout rates of up to 50%. The study involved interviews with 21 physicians, including Medical Doctors (M.D.s), Doctors of Nursing Practice (DNPs), and Nurse Practitioners (NPs). Using Shanafelt’s well-being framework, the research aimed to understand the factors leading to burnout and its subsequent impact on physician attrition.
Examples: Political Science Theses
Title: The Influence of Peer Relationships on Political Socialisation Among College Students Author: Zachary Thomas Isaacs Year: 2021
This thesis investigates the role of peer relationships in the political socialisation of college students. This is an area not extensively covered by existing research, which primarily focuses on parental influence and often excludes the post-18 age group. A survey was conducted among college students aged 18 to 24, to explore how they communicate with their peers regarding politics and the effects of these interactions on their political socialisation.
Title: The Impact of Political Culture on Political Reactions: A Case Study of EU Sanctions on Russia Author: Kenzie Robin De Keyser Year: 2020
This dissertation examines the complex political impacts of European Union (EU) sanctions on Russia, taking into account the nuanced interplay between Russia’s political culture and the economic interdependencies between the EU and Russia. The research utilises the Cross-Cultural Competency (3Cs) Theorem to analyse key elements of Russian political culture—Russian Orthodox Christianity, geography, autocracy, and economic development— which are crucial in shaping the country’s political responses and governmental structure.
Title: Biased Representation: How Compulsory Voting and Campaign Finance Interact to Influence Government Responsiveness Author: Sarah Steinberg Year: 2016
This thesis investigates the interaction between compulsory voting and campaign finance, focusing on how they influence government responsiveness. It argues that the significant financial influence in political campaigns can lead to an elite bias, where government policies favour wealthier interests. The study uses statistical analysis and case studies from two countries to explore whether compulsory voting, which typically results in nearly universal voter turnout, can mitigate this bias.
Example: Dissertation Proposal
Example: literature review chapter, example: methodology chapter.
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Hi Grad Coach team, Thank you for your very awesome information. I am an Urban Planning student and I am doing my MSc Spatial Planning at the University of Dundee. My methodology is “Research by Design”. It means I will use design outcomes for a project for my dissertation in urban design.
I am writing to see if you can add a template in Architecture and Urban Planning field in your lists of dissertation.
Thank you very much for your consideration.
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- What Is a PhD Thesis?
- Doing a PhD
This page will explain what a PhD thesis is and offer advice on how to write a good thesis, from outlining the typical structure to guiding you through the referencing. A summary of this page is as follows:
- A PhD thesis is a concentrated piece of original research which must be carried out by all PhD students in order to successfully earn their doctoral degree.
- The fundamental purpose of a thesis is to explain the conclusion that has been reached as a result of undertaking the research project.
- The typical PhD thesis structure will contain four chapters of original work sandwiched between a literature review chapter and a concluding chapter.
- There is no universal rule for the length of a thesis, but general guidelines set the word count between 70,000 to 100,000 words .
What Is a Thesis?
A thesis is the main output of a PhD as it explains your workflow in reaching the conclusions you have come to in undertaking the research project. As a result, much of the content of your thesis will be based around your chapters of original work.
For your thesis to be successful, it needs to adequately defend your argument and provide a unique or increased insight into your field that was not previously available. As such, you can’t rely on other ideas or results to produce your thesis; it needs to be an original piece of text that belongs to you and you alone.
What Should a Thesis Include?
Although each thesis will be unique, they will all follow the same general format. To demonstrate this, we’ve put together an example structure of a PhD thesis and explained what you should include in each section below.
Acknowledgements
This is a personal section which you may or may not choose to include. The vast majority of students include it, giving both gratitude and recognition to their supervisor, university, sponsor/funder and anyone else who has supported them along the way.
1. Introduction
Provide a brief overview of your reason for carrying out your research project and what you hope to achieve by undertaking it. Following this, explain the structure of your thesis to give the reader context for what he or she is about to read.
2. Literature Review
Set the context of your research by explaining the foundation of what is currently known within your field of research, what recent developments have occurred, and where the gaps in knowledge are. You should conclude the literature review by outlining the overarching aims and objectives of the research project.
3. Main Body
This section focuses on explaining all aspects of your original research and so will form the bulk of your thesis. Typically, this section will contain four chapters covering the below:
- your research/data collection methodologies,
- your results,
- a comprehensive analysis of your results,
- a detailed discussion of your findings.
Depending on your project, each of your chapters may independently contain the structure listed above or in some projects, each chapter could be focussed entirely on one aspect (e.g. a standalone results chapter). Ideally, each of these chapters should be formatted such that they could be translated into papers for submission to peer-reviewed journals. Therefore, following your PhD, you should be able to submit papers for peer-review by reusing content you have already produced.
4. Conclusion
The conclusion will be a summary of your key findings with emphasis placed on the new contributions you have made to your field.
When producing your conclusion, it’s imperative that you relate it back to your original research aims, objectives and hypotheses. Make sure you have answered your original question.
Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.
How Many Words Is a PhD Thesis?
A common question we receive from students is – “how long should my thesis be?“.
Every university has different guidelines on this matter, therefore, consult with your university to get an understanding of their full requirements. Generally speaking, most supervisors will suggest somewhere between 70,000 and 100,000 words . This usually corresponds to somewhere between 250 – 350 pages .
We must stress that this is flexible, and it is important not to focus solely on the length of your thesis, but rather the quality.
How Do I Format My Thesis?
Although the exact formatting requirements will vary depending on the university, the typical formatting policies adopted by most universities are:
Font | Any serif font e.g. Times New Roman, Arial or Cambria |
Font Size | 12pt |
Vertical Line Spacing | 1.5 Lines |
Page Size | A4 |
Page Layout | Portrait |
Page Margins | Variable, however, must allow space for binding |
Referencing | Variable, however, typically Harvard or Vancouver |
What Happens When I Finish My Thesis?
After you have submitted your thesis, you will attend a viva . A viva is an interview-style examination during which you are required to defend your thesis and answer questions on it. The aim of the viva is to convince your examiners that your work is of the level required for a doctoral degree. It is one of the last steps in the PhD process and arguably one of the most daunting!
For more information on the viva process and for tips on how to confidently pass it, please refer to our in-depth PhD Viva Guide .
How Do I Publish My Thesis?
Unfortunately, you can’t publish your thesis in its entirety in a journal. However, universities can make it available for others to read through their library system.
If you want to submit your work in a journal, you will need to develop it into one or more peer-reviewed papers. This will largely involve reformatting, condensing and tailoring it to meet the standards of the journal you are targeting.
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Resource Center
Are you struggling with your thesis writing? Do you need help with research paper formatting or research paper review? Look no further! Our website offers a comprehensive range of resources to help you with all aspects of thesis writing, from choosing a topic to formatting your final document.
Here are some of the things you can find here:
- University assignment format: We have templates for a variety of assignment formats, including essays, research papers, and lab reports.
- Review format: We also have templates for different types of reviews, such as book reviews, movie reviews, and grant proposals.
- Synopsis format: If you need help writing a synopsis for your thesis, we have a template that can help you get started.
- Thesis format: We have templates for different types of theses, including master’s theses and PhD dissertations.
- University thesis formats: We also have templates for specific universities, such as Harvard, Yale, and Stanford.
- Research writing samples: We have a library of research writing samples that you can use for inspiration.
- Review article sample: We also have a sample review article that you can use as a guide.
- Guidelines PPT’s: We have PowerPoint presentations that provide guidance on thesis writing, research paper formatting, and research paper review.
- Guides: We have guides on a variety of topics related to thesis writing, such as choosing a topic, conducting research, and writing the introduction.
- E-books: We have e-books on thesis writing, research paper formatting, and research paper review.
- Tools: We have tools that can help you with your thesis writing, such as a thesis outline generator and a plagiarism checker.
- Free downloadable resources: We offer a variety of free downloadable resources, such as thesis templates, research paper samples, and writing guides.
We also offer thesis writing guidance and academic writing support. Our team of experts can help you with everything from choosing a topic to formatting your final document. We also offer research paper assistance and PhD thesis consultation.Here
Formats & Guidelines
The Complete University Guide helps students to make right Assignment formats, Review Formats, Synopsis Formats, University thesis formats and Thesis Formats according to different universities. Here you can find our PdF formats and guidelines for proceedings papers. PhD Guides are here to to help you prepare your work with accuracy.
Visit: University Formats & Guidelines
If you’re getting ready to write your dissertation, thesis, or research project, our free research writing samples are a great way to start. Here you can find review article samples and research article samples and some examples to which you can refer for your purposes. You can download our free sample PDF templates related to streams and subjects in seconds. We have a massive sample database, depending on the higher education programme or course, you can find and download appropriate PDF samples.
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How to find resources by format
Why use a dissertation or a thesis.
A dissertation is the final large research paper, based on original research, for many disciplines to be able to complete a PhD degree. The thesis is the same idea but for a masters degree.
They are often considered scholarly sources since they are closely supervised by a committee, are directed at an academic audience, are extensively researched, follow research methodology, and are cited in other scholarly work. Often the research is newer or answering questions that are more recent, and can help push scholarship in new directions.
Search for dissertations and theses
Locating dissertations and theses.
The Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global database includes doctoral dissertations and selected masters theses from major universities worldwide.
- Searchable by subject, author, advisor, title, school, date, etc.
- More information about full text access and requesting through Interlibrary Loan
NDLTD – Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations provides free online access to a over a million theses and dissertations from all over the world.
WorldCat Dissertations and Theses searches library catalogs from across the U.S. and worldwide.
Locating University of Minnesota Dissertations and Theses
Use Libraries search and search by title or author and add the word "thesis" in the search box. Write down the library and call number and find it on the shelf. They can be checked out.
Check the University Digital Conservancy for online access to dissertations and theses from 2007 to present as well as historic, scanned theses from 1887-1923.
Other Sources for Dissertations and Theses
- Center for Research Libraries
- DART-Europe E-Thesis Portal
- Theses Canada
- Ethos (Great Britain)
- Australasian Digital Theses in Trove
- DiVA (Sweden)
- E-Thesis at the University of Helsinki
- DissOnline (Germany)
- List of libraries worldwide - to search for a thesis when you know the institution and cannot find in the larger collections
- ProQuest Dissertations Express - to search for a digitized thesis (not a free resource but open to our guest users)
University of Minnesota Dissertations and Theses FAQs
What dissertations and theses are available.
With minor exceptions, all doctoral dissertations and all "Plan A" master's theses accepted by the University of Minnesota are available in the University Libraries system. In some cases (see below) only a non-circulating copy in University Archives exists, but for doctoral dissertations from 1940 to date, and for master's theses from 1925 to date, a circulating copy should almost always be available.
"Plan B" papers, accepted in the place of a thesis in many master's degree programs, are not received by the University Libraries and are generally not available. (The only real exceptions are a number of old library school Plan B papers on publishing history, which have been separately cataloged.) In a few cases individual departments may have maintained files of such papers.
In what libraries are U of M dissertations and theses located?
Circulating copies of doctoral dissertations:.
- Use Libraries Search to look for the author or title of the work desired to determine location and call number of a specific dissertation. Circulating copies of U of M doctoral dissertations can be in one of several locations in the library system, depending upon the date and the department for which the dissertation was done. The following are the general rules:
- Dissertations prior to 1940 Circulating copies of U of M dissertations prior to 1940 do not exist (with rare exceptions): for these, only the archival copy (see below) is available. Also, most dissertations prior to 1940 are not cataloged in MNCAT and can only be identified by the departmental listings described below.
- Dissertations from 1940-1979 Circulating copies of U of M dissertations from 1940 to 1979 will in most cases be held within the Elmer L. Andersen Library, with three major classes of exceptions: dissertations accepted by biological, medical, and related departments are housed in the Health Science Library; science/engineering dissertations from 1970 to date will be located in the Science and Engineering Library (in Walter); and dissertations accepted by agricultural and related departments are available at the Magrath Library or one of the other libraries on the St. Paul campus (the Magrath Library maintains records of locations for such dissertations).
- Dissertations from 1980-date Circulating copies of U of M dissertations from 1980 to date at present may be located either in Wilson Library (see below) or in storage; consult Libraries Search for location of specific items. Again, exceptions noted above apply here also; dissertations in their respective departments will instead be in Health Science Library or in one of the St. Paul campus libraries.
Circulating copies of master's theses:
- Theses prior to 1925 Circulating copies of U of M master's theses prior to 1925 do not exist (with rare exceptions); for these, only the archival copy (see below) is available.
- Theses from 1925-1996 Circulating copies of U of M master's theses from 1925 to 1996 may be held in storage; consult Libraries search in specific instances. Once again, there are exceptions and theses in their respective departments will be housed in the Health Science Library or in one of the St. Paul campus libraries.
- Theses from 1997-date Circulating copies of U of M master's theses from 1997 to date will be located in Wilson Library (see below), except for the same exceptions for Health Science and St. Paul theses. There is also an exception to the exception: MHA (Masters in Health Administration) theses through 1998 are in the Health Science Library, but those from 1999 on are in Wilson Library.
Archival copies (non-circulating)
Archival (non-circulating) copies of virtually all U of M doctoral dissertations from 1888-1952, and of U of M master's theses from all years up to the present, are maintained by University Archives (located in the Elmer L. Andersen Library). These copies must be consulted on the premises, and it is highly recommended for the present that users make an appointment in advance to ensure that the desired works can be retrieved for them from storage. For dissertations accepted prior to 1940 and for master's theses accepted prior to 1925, University Archives is generally the only option (e.g., there usually will be no circulating copy). Archival copies of U of M doctoral dissertations from 1953 to the present are maintained by Bell and Howell Corporation (formerly University Microfilms Inc.), which produces print or filmed copies from our originals upon request. (There are a very few post-1952 U of M dissertations not available from Bell and Howell; these include such things as music manuscripts and works with color illustrations or extremely large pages that will not photocopy well; in these few cases, our archival copy is retained in University Archives.)
Where is a specific dissertation of thesis located?
To locate a specific dissertation or thesis it is necessary to have its call number. Use Libraries Search for the author or title of the item, just as you would for any other book. Depending on date of acceptance and cataloging, a typical call number for such materials should look something like one of the following:
Dissertations: Plan"A" Theses MnU-D or 378.7M66 MnU-M or 378.7M66 78-342 ODR7617 83-67 OL6156 Libraries Search will also tell the library location (MLAC, Health Science Library, Magrath or another St. Paul campus library, Science and Engineering, Business Reference, Wilson Annex or Wilson Library). Those doctoral dissertations still in Wilson Library (which in all cases should be 1980 or later and will have "MnU-D" numbers) are located in the central section of the third floor. Those master's theses in Wilson (which in all cases will be 1997 or later and will have "MnU-M" numbers) are also located in the central section of the third floor. Both dissertations and theses circulate and can be checked out, like any other books, at the Wilson Circulation desk on the first floor.
How can dissertations and theses accepted by a specific department be located?
Wilson Library contains a series of bound and loose-leaf notebooks, arranged by department and within each department by date, listing dissertations and theses. Information given for each entry includes name of author, title, and date (but not call number, which must be looked up individually). These notebooks are no longer current, but they do cover listings by department from the nineteenth century up to approximately 1992. Many pre-1940 U of M dissertations and pre-1925 U of M master's theses are not cataloged (and exist only as archival copies). Such dissertations can be identified only with these volumes. The books and notebooks are shelved in the general collection under these call numbers: Wilson Ref LD3337 .A5 and Wilson Ref quarto LD3337 .U9x. Major departments of individual degree candidates are also listed under their names in the GRADUATE SCHOOL COMMENCEMENT programs of the U of M, available in University Archives and (for recent years) also in Wilson stacks (LD3361 .U55x).
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Types of research papers
Analytical research paper
Argumentative or persuasive paper, definition paper, compare and contrast paper, cause and effect paper, interpretative paper, experimental research paper, survey research paper, frequently asked questions about the different types of research papers, related articles.
There are multiple different types of research papers. It is important to know which type of research paper is required for your assignment, as each type of research paper requires different preparation. Below is a list of the most common types of research papers.
➡️ Read more: What is a research paper?
In an analytical research paper you:
- pose a question
- collect relevant data from other researchers
- analyze their different viewpoints
You focus on the findings and conclusions of other researchers and then make a personal conclusion about the topic. It is important to stay neutral and not show your own negative or positive position on the matter.
The argumentative paper presents two sides of a controversial issue in one paper. It is aimed at getting the reader on the side of your point of view.
You should include and cite findings and arguments of different researchers on both sides of the issue, but then favor one side over the other and try to persuade the reader of your side. Your arguments should not be too emotional though, they still need to be supported with logical facts and statistical data.
Tip: Avoid expressing too much emotion in a persuasive paper.
The definition paper solely describes facts or objective arguments without using any personal emotion or opinion of the author. Its only purpose is to provide information. You should include facts from a variety of sources, but leave those facts unanalyzed.
Compare and contrast papers are used to analyze the difference between two:
Make sure to sufficiently describe both sides in the paper, and then move on to comparing and contrasting both thesis and supporting one.
Cause and effect papers are usually the first types of research papers that high school and college students write. They trace probable or expected results from a specific action and answer the main questions "Why?" and "What?", which reflect effects and causes.
In business and education fields, cause and effect papers will help trace a range of results that could arise from a particular action or situation.
An interpretative paper requires you to use knowledge that you have gained from a particular case study, for example a legal situation in law studies. You need to write the paper based on an established theoretical framework and use valid supporting data to back up your statement and conclusion.
This type of research paper basically describes a particular experiment in detail. It is common in fields like:
Experiments are aimed to explain a certain outcome or phenomenon with certain actions. You need to describe your experiment with supporting data and then analyze it sufficiently.
This research paper demands the conduction of a survey that includes asking questions to respondents. The conductor of the survey then collects all the information from the survey and analyzes it to present it in the research paper.
➡️ Ready to start your research paper? Take a look at our guide on how to start a research paper .
In an analytical research paper, you pose a question and then collect relevant data from other researchers to analyze their different viewpoints. You focus on the findings and conclusions of other researchers and then make a personal conclusion about the topic.
The definition paper solely describes facts or objective arguments without using any personal emotion or opinion of the author. Its only purpose is to provide information.
Cause and effect papers are usually the first types of research papers that high school and college students are confronted with. The answer questions like "Why?" and "What?", which reflect effects and causes. In business and education fields, cause and effect papers will help trace a range of results that could arise from a particular action or situation.
This type of research paper describes a particular experiment in detail. It is common in fields like biology, chemistry or physics. Experiments are aimed to explain a certain outcome or phenomenon with certain actions.
Practical Guide to Write a PhD Thesis and publish papers based on the thesis
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During the summer, PhD students engage in research and directed reading programs, and take courses in the university’s other schools and departments.
During this time of individual study and one-on-one contact with faculty, you’ll have the opportunity to accelerate your growth as a research scholar. You’ll be required to submit a research paper at the end of either the first or the second summer. Some fields require papers following both summers.
You’ll have access to faculty guidance and supervision during the summer period, and you’ll present your paper in a seminar format and/or before field faculty.
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Home > Graduate College > Student Work > Graduate Research Papers
Graduate Research Papers
The Graduate Research Paper/Project is a non-thesis paper/project, which can be considered the capstone of the graduate program. For the paper, students synthesize information they have learned throughout the program and apply it to the field experience. There are some papers/projects in this collection that were done for specific classes within the graduate curriculum. To view the Award Winners , click here .
Browse Graduate Research Paper/Project by academic department :
College of Education
- Curriculum and Instruction
- Educational Psychology, Foundations, and Leadership Studies
- Health, Recreation, and Community Services
- Kinesiology
- School of Kinesiology, Allied Health and Human Services
College of Humanities, Arts, and Sciences
- Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Communication Sciences and Disorders
- Communication and Media
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- Languages and Literatures
- Science Education Program
College of Social and Behavioral Sciences
- Social Work
Browse Graduate Research Papers by year of completion :
Submissions from 2024 2024
Student Reading Motivation through Book Talks , Amy Abbott, Stephanie Stockton, Luvy Webb, and Jessica Werderman Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
A Case Study of the Impact of Lateral Reading Instruction On Students’ Evaluation of Digital Information , Devon Allbee, Jenny Marburger, and Tiffany Ostrowski Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Emma Andersen, Violin , Emma Andersen Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Components of Effective After School Programs in Under Resourced Communities , Hector Salamanca Arroyo Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Teacher Librarian Book Promotion: Bringing Motivation to The Forefront: A Research Proposal , Christy Bartels, Bree Dickens, Chris Frimml, Jennifer George, and Kristel Groenewold Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Examining the Effectiveness of Rhythmic Sight Reading Strategies for Elementary Level Band Literature , Nick Behrends Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
A Proposal for an Analysis of the Depiction of Prosocial Behaviors in High Quality Early Elementary Picture Books , Teresa Bettin Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The Impact of Book Self-Selection and Format on Student Motivation to Read , Josie Bishop, Mattie Carstens, and Molly Mitola Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults , Karlyn Bouska Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Gamification and Engagement in a 3rd Grade Classroom , Ellen Braet Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Physical Activity and Mental Health Symptoms in Adults , Olivia A. Brecht Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Impacts of Schools, Technology, and Covid-19 on Elementary Students’ Social Skills: Next Steps Post Covid-19 , Paige Busick Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Adverse Childhood Experiences Increasing the Likelihood of Substance Use Disorder , Kelsey L. Cain Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Graduate Portfolio , Olivia Campbell Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Desert or Mirage? An Examination of Food Deserts in Iowa Cities , Andrew Creasey Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Examining the Impact Book Promotions Have on Student Book Selection , Chelsea Dearborn Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Impact of Alcohol Use on Dating Violence among Adolescents , Kaygen Kay Deitrick Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Teacher Librarians’ Influence on Information Literacy Skills: A Research Proposal , Amy Diewold, Diana Lord, and Sierra Johnson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Addressing the "Why" Behind Student Behavior Through Tier 2 Behavioral Interventions , Meg Dredge Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Alcohol Use in Adulthood , Callie Franzen Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Achieving Cost-Effectiveness in the Production of High-Quality Plastic Tiles through Chemical Recycling , Emmanuel Ophel Gilbert Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Body Image in College Athletics , Tyrell Gordon Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Music in Pioneer-era Southwestern Minnesota Norwegian Churches and Schools , Andrew S. Hasty Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Examining the Use of Personal Narrative on Students’ Understandings of Identity , Abigail Heggen Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Cognitive Decline , Ashley Highland Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Effect of Gratitude Journaling on Counselor Stress , Emily Kause Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Experiences of Women High School Band Directors in Iowa , Karina Kelso Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Evidence Behind the Use of Mental Health and Social-Emotional Screenings in Schools , Makenna C. Klug Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Academic Health Department Partnerships: Impacts and Implications , Madeline Kraft Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Equity Focused PBIS as a Potential Solution to the Discipline Gap , Sydney Laures Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Evaluating the Impact of Model-Evidence-Link Charts in Seventh-Grade Student’s Ability to Engage in Scientific Argumentation over Plant Reproductive Structures , Josephine Libby Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Morgan List, Piano In a Graduate Recital , Morgan List Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
How Pizza and Stickers Drove My Kids to Read and Kept Them Reading , Tiya Montaño Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Impact of Bullying on Depression in Sexual Minority Adolescents , Ian Neff Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Retention and Attrition of Teachers of Color: Why Teachers of Color Leave the Profession , Alexix Noring Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
A Departure from Standards Focused Writing , Clement Peneueta Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
A Case Study of the Influence of the Teacher Librarian On Middle and High School Student Book Selection , Hilary Peyton, Lindsay Salinas, Josie Smock, and Meg Tisinger Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Evaluating the Impact of an OpenSciEd Natural Selection Unit on Students’ Understanding of Disciplinary Core Ideas and Transfer of Scientific and Engineering Practices , Austin Read Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The Impact of Sexual Assault and the Influence of Leadership within the Military , Holly Rigel Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Joley Seitz, Soprano In a Graduate Recital , Joley Seitz Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Caleb Self, Composition in a Graduate Student Recital , Caleb Self Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Evaluation of a Plate Tectonic NGSS-Designed Unit in Ninth-Grade Earth and Space Science Using an EQuIP Rubric , Amber Rose Heller Sherwood Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Culturally Responsive Practice and Reading Motivation: Action Research on Community Involvement in Literature Circles , Lindsey Sinnwell Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Implications of Educational Environments for Gender and Sexually Diverse Adolescents , Margaret J. Staff Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Effect of Student Discussion Groups on Music Preference , Abby Steffen Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Role of Parental Divorce in Childhood on Depression Among Adults , Amy Stoermer Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Smart Grids: A Comprehensive Literature Review , Steven Stroud Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
Aerobic Physical Activity as a Behavior Support Intervention in Schools: A Literature Review , Kathy Szabo Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Culturally Responsive Music Education: A Review of the Literature , Heidi Terrell Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Representation of LGBTQ+ Characters In the 2019 to 2022 Iowa Teen Award Books , Jamie Thompson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Yoga and Mental Health among Young Adult Women , Coryssa Tucke Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Investigating the Effects Math Achievement Has on a Student’s Attitude Toward Physics , Katherine Weivoda Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Impact on Growth of the Scientific and Engineering Practices Throughout the Semester in 9th Grade Earth Science , Mallory Wills-Howe Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Impact of Gamification on the Motivation of Students in the Classroom Setting , Jack Woodard Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Submissions from 2023 2023
An Analysis of Sex Trafficking Support Services in Mental Health Care for Survivors , Darian Marie Alexandria Auge Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Motivations and Execution of Corporate Charitable Giving , Matthew Richard Johnson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Impact of Philanthropic Stewardship on Distributions from Donor Advised Funds , Elizabeth Messerli Open Access Graduate Research Paper
How Women Are Changing Philanthropy in the United States , Katrina M. Pipasts Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Latino/a First Generation College Students: Academic Success, Sense of Belonging, and Overall Well-Being , Alma Puga Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Digital Marketing as Best Practice for Fundraising and Donor Loyalty , Jake Hennes Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Matching the Art with Science: Best Practices for Major Gift Programs , Andrew Peter Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
An Analysis of Social Media Practices in the Nonprofit Field , Samantha Schupanitz Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
An Analysis of a Multigenerational Workforce , Paula F. Atkins Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Assessing Policy Implementation In The Iowa Department of Veterans Affairs: A Case-By-Case County Analysis , Dylan Boles Open Access Graduate Research Paper
¿Adónde ir? Los efectos perpetuos de la formación "inexistente" para maestros de inmersión lingüística , Cody J. Boozell Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Diversity in Collections Utilizing Accelerated Reader Programs , Leah Cahill Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Tolerance Allocation Considering Multiple Phases of the Product Life Cycle for Optimum Cost, Performance, and Sustainability Using the HEIM Framework , Shravya Dorna Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
A Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Aligned 3rd Grade Weather Unit , Jennifer Hageman Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Development and Implementation of a NGSS Curriculum Unit for Astronomy in Ninth-Grade Earth and Space Science , Jessica Hughes Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Communicating Emotions Through Art and Conversation , Paige E. Kayvan, Samantha R. Doyle, Payton Cannon, and Traci Jolley Open Access Graduate Research Paper 2024 Award
The Impact of Summer Camps on the Perceptions of Individuals with Disabilities and Their Support Systems , Sally Krull Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Failure to Thrive: Exploring the Relationship Between Organizational Resilience, COVID-19, and The Great Resignation , Tyler R. Lanz Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in a Trap-Neuter-Release (TNR) Program and Its Effects on Urban and Rural Demographics as a Long-Term Solution for Community Cat Management , Hannah E. Litke Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Research Portfolio , JuanDaniel Lopez Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Read the Feed: Evaluating the Role of an Interactive Infant Feeding Simulator on Demonstrated Feeding Skills , Sarah MacDougall, Kelsey Feller, and Alyssa Mason Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
Promoting Social-Emotional Development in Elementary Children Through the Use of Quality Picture Books: A Content Analysis , Shauna Mostek Open Access Graduate Research Paper
White Saviorism and the Nonprofit Sector , Candice Revita-Ramirez Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The Effect of Walking Outdoors on Stress , Riley N. Rodemaker Open Access Graduate Research Paper
What's Your Story? An Analysis of Video Storytelling for Nonprofit Organizations , Madeline Rummel Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Factors Influencing Participation in Collegiate Bands , Stephen Seaberg Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Fostering Post-Secondary Education Opportunities for Today's Foster Children , William Michael Smith Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Does systematic phonological awareness in the early primary grades impact student learning beyond primary grades , Renee Lyn Sorenson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
La Serva Padrona: Production Research and Design , Grace Sullivan Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Comparison of Load Balancing Algorithms in Cloud Computing , Rajkumar Vishnani Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Using Fundraising Data Strategically in Nonprofit Organizations to Drive Relational Fundraising , Anna L. Warner Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Somewhere I Belong: An Assessment of Nonprofit Retention Initiatives Through Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion , Janessa Weightman Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
Submissions from 2022 2022
Building an understanding of the Common Core state standards and complex texts, while supporting upper elementary readers with complex text through shared reading , Joanna Mae Carlson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Identifying misconceptions about evolution relative to science curriculum exposure at the secondary level , Rachel Carney Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A historical analysis of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agencies (FEMA) response and recovery to Gulf Coast hurricane and other weather-related disasters , Lauren Marie Denning Open Access Graduate Research Paper
High school earth science students evaluating agricultural solutions , Jaclyn Citlali Sanchez Erickson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Relationship between decoding and writing with early readers: An action research study , Nicole M. Henningsen Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Vocabulary strategies in elementary science - A self-study , Katherine Hooey Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Partnership to grow effective readers: professional learning for interventionists and classroom teachers , Jennifer Lane Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Teacher librarian influence on students' self-selection of books , Elizabeth A. Nelson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Portrayal of Native Americans and Native culture in children's picture books , Janace Nester Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Integrating the Next Generation Science Standards into a 9th grade physical science classroom using Newton's second law of motion , Chad Pietig Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Pleasure reading workshop: Meeting SEL competencies based on sustained (and maybe not so silent) reading , Lora Sink Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The influence of book talks on reader engagement in fourth grade students , Jennifer Smith Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Sustainability aspects of 3D printing , Subhashree Sundharram Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
A case study of the impact a pleasure reading curriculum has on students' passion for reading , Danielle M. Wolfe Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Hey! That's how I feel! A qualitative content analysis of anxiety in middle grade literature , Heather M. Wood Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Submissions from 2021 2021
The influence of book club conversations on reluctant or struggling readers , JaDee Jo Gloede Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Mental illness representation in young adult literature , Ashley Aberle Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Re-socialization within organizations: Examining the socialization and job satisfaction of employees following an organizational transition , Sloan T. Alberhasky Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Exploring work environment standards in Saudi Arabia companies , Yousef Almalki Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Portrayal of characters with autism in picture books , Tara Amundson Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The impact of advocacy and social justice work on nonprofit funding and support , Brittany Appleton Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Analysis of assessments on secondary students' development and interpretation of models , Alaina L. Appley Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Impact of inquiry science courses on preservice elementary students' ideas on science , Lance Charles Baetsle Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Bias and barriers: An exploration of preventive measures to minimize the presence of Latinx professionals in postsecondary education , Janine Baeza Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
Teaching race through multicultural children's literature , Kaley Bailey and Maiya Duthoo-Wolpert Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The potential of affecting final potency of a poultry vaccine using Lean methodology , Amber Bergeson Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
A preferred vision for administering elementary schools : a reflective essay , Brenda M. Boleyn Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Examining diversity in the Iowa Goldfinch Award , Jill M. Doyle Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Creation and implementation of an integrated climate change curriculum centered on earth and life science standards , Katherine Eastin Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Best business practices in cause-related marketing , Anna Eiskamp Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
Impacts of evolving technology In nonprofits , Abby E. Engelberth Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Examining teacher librarians' impact on students' self-selection strategies , Sarah Gunsolley Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
New frameworks for fundraising in performing arts nonprofits: trust, commitment, and utility as donor motivation , Evan Hilsabeck Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
The portrayal of fathers in children's literature , Kate A. Hite Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Inspiring students to take action in order to make positive change through the integration of social studies themes in children's literature , Morgan Ives, Taylor Marsho, Ashtyn Riley, and Deidra Rudd Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Accuracy of self-assessment in a ninth grade earth science classroom , Alyssa Jacobson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Effects of stepwise guided inquiry on students' attitudes and depth of knowledge from written lab reflections in high school chemistry , Melissa Rae Campbell Johnson Open Access Graduate Research Paper 2022 Award
Abracadabra: Combatting Nonprofit Turnover When Your Staff Perform the Disappearing Act , Averi Gabrielle Jones Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Data-Driven Decision Making in Nonprofit Organizations , Amanda Kline Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Process for Nonprofits and Foundations to Engage in Productive Partnerships , Anna McCutcheon Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Diverse representation within secondary-level state consortium-provided e-books , Jill McDonald Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Enhancing scientific literacy through attention to argumentation as a disciplinary literacy practice , Whitney McWilliams Open Access Graduate Research Paper
School speech-language pathologists' identification, use, and need of resources and materials , Emily Michael, Melissa Tranel, and Hannah Fahey Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Rising above the Stigma: Developing young leaders through Peer Mentoring , Shawn Miller Open Access Graduate Research Paper
What are the benefits and challenges of diversification of revenue for nonprofit organizations , Mckenzie Musser Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
A case study of the impact of teacher librarian collaboration in the instruction of information literacy and digital citizenship on student achievement in inquiry skills , Abby M. Mussmann Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
It's hard to lose: Embracing a place-based mindset and reculturing rural areas and students , Anthony T. Skip Olson Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Student access to school-based health care and the effects on academic achievement, behavior, and mental health , Brooke C. Olson Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The historical and cultural accuracy of the Japanese internment camps in children's literature , Zoey Perrigo Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Human impact on the environment: A middle school project based learning unit development , Shannon Power Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Development of a NGSS curriculum unit for periodic trends and properties in ninth-grade physical science , Amy L. Price Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Engaging Older Adults in Virtual Volunteering: Benefits and Barriers in Good and Trying Times , Theresa Price Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Portrayal of females in notable science trade books for children , Carolyn Proesch Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Model-based predictive controller design , Soheil Sadeghi Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Analysis of student perceptions on climate change in a rural Iowa school district , Tyler Scholl Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Nonprofit Crowdfunding Best Practices , Shelly Smith Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Immediate vs. deferred feedback during formative assessments in a 9th grade physical science course , Jordan Sonntag Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Examining the impact a teacher librarian has on students' self-selection strategies , Stefanie Throndson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Autoethnography on teaching during a pandemic , Kelsey Ufford Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Nonprofit fundraising: A look at effective employees’ participation , Moses A. Ulom Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Collaboration in a Crisis Management , Ann Wolf Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Submissions from 2020 2020
Representation of Native peoples in picture books about Christopher Columbus: A literary analysis , Mari Butler Abry Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Portrayal of characters with physical disabilities in picture books , Emily Biederman Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The Presentation of Race at Mark Twain Historical Sites in Hannibal, Missouri , Anthony Wayne Birch Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The impact of the use of mobile computing on vocabulary learning in the language classroom , Lorena Harger Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Characterizing protagonists in graphic novels for teens , Danielle Lahr Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Portrayal of immigration in fiction for grades 4-6 , Melissa N. Marwedel Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Culture in transitional chapter books: Assimilation or inclusion , Jeanette P. White Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using adapted primary science literature to enhance argumentation and reasoning skills in middle school students , Betsy Wiederin Lemus Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Elementary school library program integration with art, literacy, and STEAM through makerspaces , Kristi Baldwin Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Disclosure of trans & gender variant identities by students to students , C. A. Brimmer Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The impact of confidence-based marking on unit exam achievement in a high school physical science course , Casey Clark Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using mentor texts to enhance the teaching of reading comprehension and writing , Alexandra Jordyn Cushman Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Portrayal of Diverse Family Structures in Children's Literature , Beth Grafft Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of educational attainment of state legislators on state appropriations to public higher education , Nathan J. Gruber Open Access Graduate Research Paper
An analysis of learning targets on summative assessments in a high school chemistry course , Mark R. Hennessy Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
De Vos a Tú: Acomodación lingüística y actitudes lingüísticas en estudiantes internacionales de Centroamérica en los Estados Unidos = De Vos a Tú: linguistic accommodation and language attitudes among Central American international students in the United States , Jose Salinas Herrera Open Access Graduate Research Paper 2021 Award
Clinical outcomes of orofacial myofunctional therapy in children without concurrent orthodontia , Julia Logan Open Access Graduate Research Paper 2021 Award
Issues of accessibility in victim services for survivors with disabilities: an agency assessment , Sara Naughton Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Three cases of makerspace integration in school library programs in conjunction with district initiatives: Literacy, design thinking, and STEAM , Sara Pflughaupt Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Influence of book clubs on reading motivation for third through fifth grade students , Allyson Reister Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Trauma in children's literature , Kyra Ross Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Trump Administration: Government secrecy, bureaucracy, and democracy , Logan J. Santel Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Utilizing pre-laboratory strategies in a high school chemistry classroom to improve performance on guided inquiry labs , Jacquelyn Schmitt Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
An analysis of ADHD in middle grade and young adult literature , Sydney Schuler Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Representation of LGBTQ characters in 2019 young adult literature , Janelle M. Snyder Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Gazing at scattered stars: Immigration through the lens of elementary graphic literature , Jennifer K. Stanerson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The digital bridge to campus: Mass communication and graduate student enrollment decisions , Ashley Stoppel Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Making the water cycle accessible and relevant for English language learners , Summer Teed Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Three cases of makerspace integration in school library programs in conjunction with district initiatives: STEAM, design thinking, and literacy , Lisa Tegels Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Identification of trends in scientific communication by minority students in an integrated and advanced ninth grade science curriculum , Loren Thalacker Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Submissions from 2019 2019
Communicating about being parents in the workplace , Ruqayah Almuzayn Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Teacher perceptions of understaffed school libraries , Amanda Bonjour Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effect of gamification on student motivation , David A. Brahn Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The effects of gamification on student engagement and motivation , Sara Butcher Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Computer science is elementary: Comprehensive plan for computer science implementation at the elementary level , Erin Chute Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using critical literacy and emotionally responsive teaching to discuss racism in a literature circle unit , Autumn Rose Den Boer Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Student engagement within the use of graphic novels , Melissa Felsenthal Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A Feasibility Study on Utilizing Data Science as an Advanced Lean Manufacturing Tool in the Biopharma Manufacturing Sector , Tanya Heerts Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Best practices in assessment and evaluation of literacy at the secondary level , Meaghan Kathleen Johnson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using NGSS phenomena as a formative assessment to measure understanding of science concepts in a ninth grade physical science classroom , Keith Richard Kohl Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Design of an Arduino Based Smart Home System , Qi Lu Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Is there a correlation between oral reading rate and social conversational speaking rate? , Sarah C. Mason Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Portrayal of females in agriculturally themed children's books , Malinda Mick Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The effects of a makerspace curriculum on the 4C's in education , Staci Novak Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of text-to-speech on students with reading disabilities , Melissa Oberembt Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Data Analytics of Job Market Requirements for Technology Related Doctoral Degrees , Sidra Meo Rajput Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Representation of Controversial Materials in Middle School Library Collections in Iowa , Danielle Ramsey Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effect of digital game-based learning on student learning: A literature review , Katrina Serrano Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Effective professional development design , Katie Stull Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The effectiveness of using intelligent tutoring systems to increase student achievement , Tedi Swanson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Supporting early social-emotional development with wordless picture books , Kayla E. Takatsuka Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The effects of computer coding on elementary students , Cassidy Winslow Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Submissions from 2018 2018
Capital Equipment Procurement Process and Integration Into Production , Mike A. Borwig Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Development of curriculum for Next Generation Science Standards in high school chemistry , Jennifer L. Brown Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Teaching evolution and common ancestry with dissection, fossils and phylogeny , Nicolas A. Brown Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Parent perspectives on inclusive bookclubs , Amy Bucciferro Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Shift into ctrl: Integrating digital citizenship into high school freshman transition curriculum , Ellen Fairfield Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Blended learning and second language acquisition in the classroom , Victoria R. Hamilton Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Genetics unit lesson plan for the Next Generation Science Standards , Erin Hogan Open Access Graduate Research Paper 2020 Award
Embracing New Experiences: Young Adult Literature About the Immigrant Experience , Ashley Hoppenjan Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Thermopile Sensor Imaging System , Sumit Joshi Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Blended learning in credit recovery , Robin Kuhn Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Qualitative Study of Realistic Fiction Subject Headings in a Middle School Library , Kathleen Michaelson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Selecting a Software Development Methodology Based on Project Characteristics , Semir Music Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Exploring the effects of web-based parenting support on access to information and resources for rural families , Anne Plagge Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Improving Machine Utilization with RFID Technology During the Acquisition of a Large Capital Equipment Purchase , Richard Price Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The role of virtual environment and virtual reality for knowledge transfer , Michelle Rice Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Depression and Anxiety in Current Middle Grade Fiction: Finding Quality, Authentic Portrayals for Use in Bibliotherapy , Tonia Sandersfeld-Miller Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of a station-rotation model of blended learning on student engagement , Melinda Tremmel Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The eleven days of Christmas: an analysis of and conductor's guide to Alfred Reed's Russian Christmas Music , Logan Vander Wiel Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Information Literacy: Expectations of High School Students in Joint Enrollment Courses , Steven Witmer Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Evaluation of a flipped classroom on student achievement in a low income school district , Michael Yeoman Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Submissions from 2017 2017
Defying the odds: A research based reading program project guide , Megan Casey Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Collaborative learning: Do two-stage quizzes positively affect students' perceptions of their understanding and achievement in high school physics? , Benjamin J. Arp Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Fluency and instruction in the elementary grades , Stacey Bakken Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Taking university business courses online: An instructional designer's perspective , Zachary P. Benton-Slocum Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Ultrasound simulators: Determining the simulator's role in diagnostic medical sonography programs , Lisa Bindert Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Developing writing prompt assessments for the next generation science standards: Physical science , Kristen Ann Birchard Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Vocabulary matters : why vocabulary instruction is important and how to implement quality instruction in preschool , Melanie Blocker Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Visual phonics : its impact as an instructional tool to promote literacy development in kindergarten students , Lori J. Bower Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Going 1:1 across the district , Kim Carlson Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
TPACK learning activity types for secondary computer science courses , Rebecca Carton Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Understanding by Design approach to a Next Generation Science Standard in high school chemistry: Chemical reactivity , Jill Christofferson Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Invented spelling and its effect on kindergarten students' reading and writing abilities , Kelli A. Daly Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Examining student selection behaviors with library fiction collections , Katie Delaney Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using Google tools to enhance secondary writing instruction , Sarah Ebener Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The power of professional learning communities , Amanda Eller Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The value of inquiry-based science instruction for elementary students , Jessica Renae Enger Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Book selection approaches and the middle school student , Sara Fischer Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A Comparison of Model-Based Design and Traditional 2D Engineering Drawings in Manufacturing Using Flowchart Analysis , Josh Gerbig Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Reading aloud to tweens and teens to create empathy: A functional criteria , Elizabeth Good Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of blended learning on K-12th grade students , Laura Hesse Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Impact of family engagement on child outcomes in preschool , Kathryn S. Ingham Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of using technology to enhance and enrich music instruction , Megan L. Kannenberg Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Dungeons and Dragons and literacy: The role tabletop role-playing games can play in developing teenagers' literacy skills and reading interests , Stefanie L. B. Kaylor Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Teacher librarians and technology leadership , Jennifer Kizer Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of using digital tools to support writing in the ELL classroom , Katrina Lint Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Play-based early childhood classrooms and the effect on pre-kindergarten social and academic achievement , Amy McGinn Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The use of touchscreen devices to support writing development of preschoolers , Celeste Mortvedt Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Collaboration between School and Public Librarians , Elizabeth Pearson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
First year professional learning community implementation within the Marion High School Science Department , Madilyn M. Ramaekers Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Energy, matter, and change: A high school chemistry unit development , Allison Schipper Open Access Graduate Research Paper
An Investigation of Gasket Improvement in Vehicle Drivetrain Applications , Keith David Schrader Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
Strategies for integrating literacy into a science classroom , Michelle Seddon Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Development of a standards-based classroom for high school physics at Solon Community School District , Tim Sheeley Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Developing model identification skills in an advanced placement Physics 1 classroom , Ian Spangenberg Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Prep-kindergarten teachers' beliefs : basic skills versus child-centered orientation , Katie Stundahl Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Vocabulary development with instructional coaching support , Jessica L. Swaab Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Parent-child interaction : how it impacts language and literacy skills , Angie Thurman Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Infant and toddler care , Maggie Trecker Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Technology and young children , Jamie Vircks Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Benefits of movement for academic achievement and classroom behaviors , Alison A. Waltz Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Recreational reading in secondary schools through book clubs , Briana White Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using the Next Generation Science Standards EQuIP Rubric: Evaluating a course in biomedical science , Brandon Yoder Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Submissions from 2016 2016
The development and support of geometric and spatial concepts in preschool- and kindergarten-aged children , Laura J. Becker Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effect of flipped instruction on student learning : perspectives from students and teachers , Britta Adams Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Fostering reading with a summer literacy unit for elementary students , Diane M. Bahrenfuss Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The use of meditation and yoga as a treatment tool for juvenile offenders in Residential Treatment Centers for relapse prevention , Danielle K. W. Ballard-Green Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Effective professional development for teachers : read-alouds in the middle level , Kelly Ann Behmer Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of digital storytelling on student motivation and student engagement , Robyn Bredvick Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Effective Implementation of Lean Practices in a Secondary Educational for the Purpose of More Effectively Preparing Students for a Career in a Manufacturing Setting , Brandon Brooks Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Developing authentic summative assessments that correlate to the Next Generation Science Standards for a middle school science classroom , Nick Bushkofsky Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Increasing vocabulary and oral language skills of pre-K English language learners through shared storybook reading and take-home literacy bags , Angela Butler Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Supporting reading curriculum without restricting access to library materials: Resources for teacher librarians , Tricia Carty Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using interactive read-alouds to support students' comprehension , Emily D. Chaffin Open Access Graduate Research Paper
How can a child's fluency be improved and provide support for comprehension? , Sharon Marie Collins Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Fogging practices of Iowa counties for mosquito abatement , Alex Jay Davey Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Exploring effective classroom management techniques in a 1:1 classroom setting , Kenton Engels Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The impact of specific interventions on child engagement in a preschool classroom , Sarah Elizabeth Farber Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of using digital storytelling for fourth graders' literacy learning , Benjamin J. Feight Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Continuous Manufacturing Performance Improvement: An Investigation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness as a Valid Shop Floor Performance Evaluation Tool , Jeremy Joseph Fettkether Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of flipped learning on students in secondary education , Abigail M. Fish Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Word study and its importance to reading and writing in the primary classroom , Korie Frazier Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Female sexuality in current young adult literature , Joanna M. Freking-Smith Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Parent perceptions of support from the school library , Heather Garrett Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Sign language in the preschool classroom : a self-study , DiAnna Geiger Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Readers' advisory program for non proficient readers , Lisa Gogel Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Make it so: Employing a multi-player starship bridge simulator in a military-based leadership course , Robert Green Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A unit design : learning to code with Finches , William V. Gruman Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A selective annotated list of reading promotion events recommended for elementary students , Nicole Nadine Guldager Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A twist on happily ever after : Fractured fairy tales for young adults , Kathryn Hale Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Critical literacy and digital technology with a novel unit , Brandon Harrison Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Comparing of Distance Education and Traditional Education , Chuan He Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The use of mentor texts to teach writing in kindergarten, first and second grades , Mary Heeringa Open Access Graduate Research Paper
E-readers and struggling middle school readers , Abigail L. Hendrickson Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The impact of augmented reality on curriculum and training design , Destery K. Hildenbrand Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Content analysis of two libraries resources for supporting primary economics instruction , Lindsey J. Hilts Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Racial disparities among African Americans primarily in the criminal justice system and other areas in society , Juana D. Hollingsworth Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Enhancing student motivation and success in reading through learning clubs , Sarah Pamela Jackman Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Strengthening early mathematics in early childhood classrooms : a professional development project , Jennifer Lynn Jansen Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Empowering elementary teachers to explore critical literacy through drama-based instruction , Courtney J. Jensen Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Utilizing local project experts to provide professional development for early childhood educators : a professional development project , Dawn Janette Johnson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Cinematherapy in gifted education identity development : integrating the arts through STEM-themed movies , Timothy Carl Kangas Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The attitudes of typically developing young children toward their peers with disabilities : a review of the literature , Sara Elizabeth Kayser Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Designing a self-directed gamified professional development course for technology integration , Rebecca J. Kinnander Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The design of a professional development program for technology integration , Dana M. Lampe Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The rise of close reading , Jayne E. Larsen Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Changing early intervention provider practices to a coaching model through self-study and distance mentoring model : family-guided routines-based interventions and the key indicators , Cindy Lefeber Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Robotic High Precision Gaging Process , Andrew Leinen Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Online audiobook reference guide for Iowa elementary school librarians , Kerry LeWarne Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Green Supply Chain Management , Ravi Teja Marneni Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Makerspaces and the Iowa Core: Connections in a high school library , Tracie Marshall Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The advantages and disadvantages of school- and center-based preschool programs : implications for early childhood policy , Christy Martin Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Methods for Supporting 21st Century Learning in School Library Spaces , Ashley McGrath Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using digital writing tools in supporting student writing , Sarah McKee Open Access Graduate Research Paper
After-school success: Associations between youth participants and youth outcomes , Dana Miller Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Sound : the study of differentiating pitch and volume with preschoolers , Jennifer Lyn Miller Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Effects of gamification on motivation and engagement in secondary curriculum , Matthew J. Molumby Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effect of serious gaming on elementary student learning , Amanda Moritz Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Self-study of one to one reading conferences in a third grade setting , Angel Munson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Robotics in the classroom: The effectiveness of robotics based curriculum in STEM education , Mark Nall Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Gender stereotypes in children's literature , Christine C. Nebbia Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Six Sigma Research Project: Loss of Hydraulic Fixture Pressure , Tyler Neigum Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Differentiated reading instruction through guided reading : a framework for effective reading instruction in the primary grades , Kara L. Neville Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A professional development plan to increase student motivation through the analysis of three motivational components : student, teacher, and accountability measures , Ashley Ann Oleson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using sign language in the infant room , Sara Paar Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A Picture Book Biography of Jessie Field Shambaugh , Kimberly Peterson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Adjusting Production Processes for Use in Engineering and Testing Environments , Jordan Proctor Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Manual Versus Automated Drawing Checking: A Case Study , Thirupathi Reddygari Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The need for a teacher librarian to take a leadership role in the implementation of supplemental reading program initiatives to achieve desired student outcomes , Mindy M. Reimer Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Exposure therapy discontinuation among Iraq War veterans , Kendra Renner Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The Use of Minecraft as an Educational Tool to Improve Student Performance in the Classroom , James Roberts Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The transition of flipped instruction : from professional development to classroom , Alison J. Sauter Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A New Vision for a 6-12 Library Science Curriculum , Jacqueline Leigh Seidl Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Outsourcing Effect on Product Quality , Hasudin Siljkovic Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
What relationship between preschool class sizes and student behaviors do teachers report? , Lindsey Steen Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A journey of designing and beta-testing a game-based unit , Renee E. Thomas Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using running records data in planning for literacy instruction , Tabitha A. Waltz Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using comprehensive literacy instructional modules for literacy instruction with students with disabilities , Amanda M. Wasylik Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Small-Scale Enterprises Supply Chain Lean Conversion , Jianhua Xu Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Impact of problem based learning on teaching light to middle school science students , Stephanie Yager Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Corner Case Strategy and Its Application in Medical Device Design Verification: A Case Study with Syringe Break Loose and Expulsion Force Testing , Xin Zhang Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Extending mathematic learning beyond the classroom through online discussion and reflection , Linsey Zimmerman Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Submissions from 2015 2015
Osteoporosis in older Saudi women: A perspective study , Zahra Saeed Alfaraj Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Alternative therapy for sickle cell disease , Huda Alsultan Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The 21st century school teacher librarian: Trends in the Iowa school library survey data over the last decade , Emily Baltes Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Active landing velocity: "pawing motion" , Erin Dean Blind Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The return on investment from comprehensive worksite health promotion programs , Kayla Nicole Blocker Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The downside of being up: The blight of the nonprofit pedestal , Jamie Branch Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Instruction and standards-referenced grading in a 9th grade conceptual physics classroom , John C. Chai Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Closing the knowledge gap between virtual design and product manufacturing : using 3D printing for the ninth grade , Jeremiah D. Cooper Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The 1930s: The Great Depression and beyond ; an annotated bibliography , Tydra Corbin Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The impact of school library circulation policy change: A case study , Kristen Downes Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
On the Prediction of the Peak Demand of Electrical Energy Use , Mahmoud Elbokl Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Middle school leisure reading selection: Influences during selection and implications for school library programs , Jessica A. Elliot Open Access Graduate Research Paper
An annotated bibliography of materials recommended for middle school classrooms regarding the multiple perspectives on the causes of the American Civil War , Emma Folland Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Coaching stances : changing practice through self-reflection , Patricia D. Foster Open Access Graduate Research Paper
ELA teacher perceptions of the school librarian's role in standards implementation , Franny Frey Open Access Graduate Research Paper
How to Build an Effective, Engaged Nonprofit Board of Directors , Elizabeth D. Heins Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Genrifying the school library's fiction collection , Andrea Hora Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The use of marketing in nonprofit organizations , Elizabeth Kehret Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using a 5E learning cycle to adapt a college physics instructional unit for high school , Stacia Marie Kelly Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Best Practices for Adoption of an Inquiry Learning Model in K-5 Education , Michelle M. Kruse Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The inclusion of engineering design into the high school biology curriculum , Cody D. LaKose Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Examining variations in technology use for K-12 students of different gender and socioeconomic status , Nikki Lyons Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Bearing Endplay Verification: Oscillation Analysis , Nathan Madoerin Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Generational characteristics: How do we all play together , Jessica L. Malcheff Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The Role of Importance of Right Goals Setting in Developing the Company's Financial , Seyed Nazar Mousavi Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Effective professional development for elementary teachers : creating dialogic classrooms to improve reading comprehension , Amanda J. Mroch Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Poverty and homelessness : A content analysis of children's nonfiction literature , Christine Newell Open Access Graduate Research Paper
An analysis of online and blended learning environments : measuring approach and learning outcomes in corporate settings , Meghan B. O'Neal Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Factors influencing successful planning and implementation and employee participation in worksite wellness programs , Amanda Ramthun Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Lifeguard fitness readiness: Certification vs. qualification , Jacob Rasmussen Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A study for comprehensive and collaborative relationships: Partnering public schools and nonprofit outdoor programs , Nicole Rottinghaus Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Teacher librarians & literacy coaches: Their roles in reading support , Nicole N. Ruthaivilavan Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Nonprofit marketing strategies for small organizations , Emily Saveraid Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Understanding by Design unit lesson plans for the next generation science standards: life science , Arie Schiller Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Annotated Bibliography of Thematically Related Historical Fiction Picture Books and Nonfiction Pairs , Katherine Seibel Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Poverty's Effect on Students' 21st Century Skills Acquisition and Learning Experiences , Anne Sellers Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Public Library Experience: Choosing Books to Read from Predetermined Levels and Its Implications , Amy L. Seufert Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Student achievement in the area of inquiry learning with the implementation of 1:1 iPads , Denise Shekleton Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Strength in numbers: collaborating to support nonprofit advocacy , Emily J. Shields Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Plaque Manufacturing Process , Rhys South Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Influx of child immigrants to the United States: Policy & practice implications , Megan Vogt Open Access Graduate Research Paper 2016 Award
How Does the Use of Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Volunteer Programs Impact the Image of Manufacturers? , Krista L. Wahl Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Sustainable microfinancing: improving microenterprise's traditional measures of success , Stephen R. Watson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Submissions from 2014 2014
Productivity Improvement - Six Sigma Influence , Hamad Alhadab Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effectiveness of flipped classroom learning in higher education : a literature review from 2009 to 2014 , Samir Taha Amin Open Access Graduate Research Paper
An investigation of adolescent boys' dispositions toward leisure reading , Julie Barnett Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Value of 5S in Manufacturing , Emsad Begic Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Influencing incoming fourth graders' reading habits through a summer literature circle: A case study , Brandy E. Bingman Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Affordances of flipped learning and its effects on student engagement and achievement , Jarod Bormann Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Overhand throwing: overuse injury analysis , Peter Z. Broome Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Examining professional history as context for instructional meaning , Kristie L. Beyer Campbell Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of on-line math games and e-books use on elementary student achievement , Mel Carnahan Open Access Graduate Research Paper
To complete or not complete : Student persistence in post-secondary education online courses , Amy Christian Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Mastery Climate in Physical Education and the Connection to Technology , Brett Delaney Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Why don't they read? , Cynde Duncan Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Development and Evaluation of Effectiveness of Performance Improvement Program for a Call Center Organization , Aleksandr Durinov Open Access Graduate Research Paper
"Clicker-Type" Torque Tooling - Calibration Study , Duane Enos Open Access Graduate Research Paper
How fifth grade elementary students select books , Tiffany Evans Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Digital storytelling : the impact on student engagement, motivation and academic learning , Mindy Foelske Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A review of the effects of computer-based reading programs on middle school students , Ann Hansen Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Integrating iPads into the elementary physical education curriculum , Tyler M. Hellmann Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Usefulness of Graphic Novels as Information Sources for Nonfiction Reading , Sarah Holub Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Understanding motivating factors for college students involvement in club sports , Ryan Thomas Houselog Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Perceptions of Teacher Librarians and Principals Regarding the Role of the Teacher Librarian in the Implementation of the Iowa Multi-Tiered System of Supports , Katy A. Kauffman Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The collaborative relationship between teacher librarians and public librarians , Jennifer J. Keltner Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of interactive videoconferencing on elementary literacy : collaborative learning environment , Heather A. Klenke Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of Web 2.0 pedagogy on student engagement, collaboration, and achievement , Kelsey Lage Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The impact of blogging on K-12 student learning: engagement, self-expression, and higher-order thinking , Brian McGurk Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Reducing the Manufacturing Critical-Path Time , Matt Meyers Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
Technology's Role in Inquiry-Based Learning , Melissa Mulder Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Determining the benefits and designing an externship program for medical office students at Marshalltown Community College , Kristin Murphy Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effect of game-based learning on middle school students' academic achievement , Marija-Lisa Musselman Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Strength Training for Children and Adolescents , Amy Nelson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Resource to Support Teaching Local History in Baxter, Iowa , Greg Pickett Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Resource to support teaching local history in Baxter, Iowa , Greg Pickett Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The implementation of problem-based learning for adults: Student, instructor, and organization leader challenges , Randon Ruggles Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Project Planning for Insourcing Manufactured Steel Components , Brett M. Schlomann Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using the Apprenticeship Model in a Library Setting , Jennifer Sloan Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The health benefits of dietary fiber consumption of adults in the United States , Nathan Stewart Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Department of Technology Research Paper , Jeremy Thede Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Effective implementation of 1:1 computing : benefits and teacher readiness , Kirstin Thompson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Video modeling : play skills for students with autism spectrum disorder via peers , Ashley Ulin Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Effectiveness of blended learning on student engagement , Tyler Youngers Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Induction Hardening of Axles for Tractors: Metallurgy & Processes , Stephanie Young Graduate Research Paper (Electronic Copy Not Available)
Submissions from 2013 2013
Reader's workshop: A new approach to integrating literacy , Ashlea M. Ahrenholtz Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Prevalence of obesity and culturally appropriate prevention among young adolescents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , Wardah Almahdi Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
A Comparison of Obesity Patterns Between University Students From the United States and Gulf Arab Countries , Ali Alsultan Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Improving multiplication fact recall; Interventions that lead to proficiency with mathematical facts , Brandon J. Bauer Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Cold Shoulder: An Alaskan adventure , Christine C. Berlin Open Access Graduate Research Paper
What are the effects of integrating technology into student literacy? , Lauren A. Bitetto Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Teacher perceptions of graphic novels , Katherine Block Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Getting graphic: Exploring the inferential thinking skills that are required to comprehend graphic novels , Angela Brauns Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Vocabulary instruction : becoming word conscious to support reading comprehension , Amy Evelyn Bries Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Building empathy through literacy: A review of classroom literacy practices , Alyssa J. Bruecken Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using TPACK to promote effective language teaching in an ESL/EFL classroom , Wilson M. R. Bugueño Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using readers theaters to help students develop reading fluency , Adrianna D. Cavanaugh Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of explicit writing instruction , Christine M. Clark Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Comparison of student achievement, understanding, enjoyment, and motivation in mathematics units for high-achieving fifth graders with and without creative problem solving games , Kalyn Jon Cody Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Portrayal of Latinos in young adult fiction , Jennifer Cole Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A training guide and reference handbook for elementary school library secretaries in the Iowa City Community School District , Lisa Collier Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Library instruction designed to support core curriculum , Julie Courter Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Artist residency programs: The present and future , Emily Coussens Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Technology, toddlers and vocabulary development , Gwendolyn Dayton Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Effective comprehension strategies in the elementary classroom , Melissa Ann Determan Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The uniqueness of the English language learner : Research based strategies for English language learners , Carolyn Lindgren Dietz Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using the instructional coaching model to implement positive behavior supports in early childhood special education programs , Heather Donoho Open Access Graduate Research Paper
College freshmen dispositional readiness: Examining the perceptions , Jennifer Dovre Open Access Graduate Research Paper
College freshmen dispositional readiness: Examining the perceptions , Jennifer Dovre Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Literature circles and technology : a study of students' attitudes , Laura Ann Edwards Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Effect of student choice on acquisition of alphabet knowledge , Lindsey L. Fonkert Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
The effects of STEM inquiry practices on English language acquisition in a first grade classroom in Thailand , Rebecca J. Fuhrman-Petersen Open Access Graduate Research Paper
What are the mechanisms of action of stereotype threat and how does it contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease in African Americans , Anthony Gage Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Transition to kindergarten : a project for the Grinnell-Newburg School District , Donna Godar Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The effects of peer-conferencing on writing revisions in a second grade classroom , Emily C. Guetzlaff Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A WebQuest for the Instruction of Appropriate Online Behavior , Susan Heilig Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Books, blogging, and boredom : the impact of one-to-one computing on student engagement and literacy , Amanda M. Hudson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Iowa core technology integration: A resource for kindergarten through second grade teachers , Shalyn Huerter Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Investigating the use of an interactive whiteboard to teach literacy in the early childhood classroom , Laci A. Hummel Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
How elementary students can apply self-guided learning strategies in the classroom , Nicole Ivers Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Gifted student achievement and motivation levels related to participation in gifted programming , Stacey M. Jambura Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A comparison of print and e-book texts with 4th grade students to evaluate comprehension and motivation , Sarah Johnson Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
Misconceptions of the Teacher Librarian Role , Mary Junker Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Collaboration of the Teacher Librarian and the Classroom Teacher to Incorporate Literature and Information Literacy Skills into a Sixth Grade Social Studies Unit , Susan A. Klett Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Library Paraeducators' Training: Assumptions or Facts? , Virginia H. Knapp Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Portrayal of agriculture in children's literature: Contemporary stories in picture books, traditional tales, and nonfiction , Kathryn S. Koller Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Making Historical Fiction Appealing to Young Adults Through Book Trailers , Chelsey Kolpin Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A professional development program for balanced literacy , Sheila Charlene McCullough Open Access Graduate Research Paper
How educators and parents can collaborate to improve student reading fluency , Jackie M. McDermott Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A selective annotated bibliography of materials recommended for junior high classrooms regarding resistance during the Holocaust , Katharine Mulfinger Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Effects of Physical Activity/Fitness on Academic Performance: A Review of Literature , Michaelene Powell Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Young Adult Memoir Dealing with Alcohol, Abuse, Infidelity, Violence and Poverty , Kelly Reinhold Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Using virtual worlds in medical and health education , Amy J. Renze Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Early Childhood Library Resources and Support , Lisa Catherine Riese Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Examining the benefits of technology in training , Nelson Rokke Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Portrayal of Characters with Disabilities within K-6 Fictional Literature , Katie Roling Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Vocabulary acquisition in kindergarten for English language learners: Ventriglia's Rule of 3, or Marzano's Six Steps to Effective Vocabulary Instruction? , Danielle Marie Rose Open Access Graduate Research Paper
101 books for youth that feature hunters & hunting , Leann Seddon Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Integrated curriculum in the elementary classroom , Katherine Decker Simpson Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Scheduled library visits and reading achievement , David Stanfield Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Improving 21st century literacy skills and student engagement by integrating digital storytelling across the curriculum , Sandra J. Steinfadt Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Student, Teacher and Parent Perceptions of the Role Accelerated Reader Plays in Elementary Students' Reading Motivation , Jannette Thrane Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Successful Leadership and Communication Within a Company , Ésaïe Toïngar Open Access Graduate Research Paper
A comparative analysis of leisure and tourism in China and in the USA , Xin Wang Graduate Research Paper (UNI Access Only)
A need for motivation : increasing engagement to bolster success , Libbie M. Willert Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Facilitating transfer for adult learners through cross-cultural e-learning , Min Zhang Open Access Graduate Research Paper
An Examination of the Criteria for the Iowa Children's Choice Award List , Jessica Zimmerman Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Submissions from 2012 2012
Understanding and meeting the needs of the millennials in the classroom: A literature review , Amanda Alexander Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Implementing a family involvement project in early childhood classrooms , Elizabeth Barrett Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Teens Read book trailers , Jill Besler Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Teachers' perceptions of skills needed for children's entry into kindergarten , Jessica Blohm Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Early Algona: A digital story , Kathy Bottaro Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Relationship Between Absolute Strength, Relative Strength and Body Mass on Depth Jump Performance in Females , Erin Lynn Brocka Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Leadership of identified gifted compared to high-potential students studying Iowa's natural history , Katie E. Broeg Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Lecture capture technology : does it make a difference on college student achievement? , Debra S. Bruxvoort Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Parental perspective on technology integration in PK-2 in a rural community school , Stephanie L. Callan Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Outcomes and Attitudes of Service-Learning Gained Through Participation in Camp Adventure Child and Youth Services , Ashley Cayford Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The Relationship Between Down’s Syndrome and Dementia , Allison Brooke Cutsforth Open Access Graduate Research Paper
The influence of digital communication on young adult contemporary fiction , Melissa J. Dagel Open Access Graduate Research Paper
School Wellness Policies, Impacts, and Challenges , Shenay Tekin Damirgi Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Program Design Considerations for a 8-Week After-School Program Focused on Social and Personal Development and Physical Fitness , Lawrence Daniel Open Access Graduate Research Paper
Page 1 of 9
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University of Northern Iowa Rod Library 1227 W. 27th Street Cedar Falls, IA 50614-3675 www.library.uni.edu
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Home > ETD > Doctoral
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Submissions from 2024 2024.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning on Organizations Cybersecurity , Mustafa Abdulhussein
Perceived Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Educational Leadership's Decision-Making, Teaching, and Learning Outcomes: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study , Mousa Fayiz Abduljaber
The Relationship between Leadership Styles of a Principal and African-American Student Achievement in Elementary Reading , Joel James Abe
The Effect of Music on Spiritual Well Being Among Hospice Patients , Mathai Abraham
So Why, D&I? A Study on Diversity and Inclusion in the Workplace in the Digital Age , Dina Abed Abughannam
Exploring the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Religiosity and the Experience of Emotional Labor in Working Women , Jane Naa Koshie Acquah-Bailey
The Destruction of Louisiana Wetlands: An Environmental History, 1900-2000 , Gloria H. Adams
Biblical Choice Model: A St. Augustine-Inspired Approach to Behavioral Economics , Adebukola Adebayo
The Evidential Problem of Assurance: Textual Approach from the Johannine Literature , Derick A. Adu
The Perpetual Progression in the Schleswig-Holstein Duchy: History, Politics, and Religion, 1460-1864 , Christian Anthony Ahlers
Evidence-Based Strategy to Engage and Retain Patients in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Contingency Management Plan , Olubukola Juliet Akinyele
Faith-based Intervention to Prevent Adolescent Self-injury: An Integrative Review , Adekemi O. Akinyemi
Impacts of Opioids on Health and Ways to Overcome the Addiction , Kennedy Chidi Alajemba
Using the Motivated Information Management Theory and the Social Support Theory to Understand Caregiver Perspectives of Currently Available Health Communication Regarding Dementia: A Qualitative Study , Sara J. Alig
Exploring the Lived Experiences of Teachers When Enrolled in an Asynchronous Certification Program: A Phenomenological Study , Sara R. Allen
Exploring the Lived Experiences of Rural Texas School Counselors Working with Students’ Mental Health After the COVID-19 Pandemic , Lanessa K. Allman
Causal Comparative Study of Structured Literacy Knowledge Between Participants of Dyslexia Intervention Training Programs , Rhonda Rene' Alm
A Hermeneutical Phenomenological Analysis of Cross-Race/Cross-Ethnic Academic Advising First-Generation Latina/o Students Attending a Predominantly White Institution , Aisha A. Alvarez
The Impact of Reporting Patient Safety Events: An Integrative Review , Catherine M. Amitrano
A Correlational Study of Culturally Responsive Christian School Leadership and Its Impact on Culturally Marginalized Students , Denecia B. Anderson
The Effectiveness of Integrating Religious/Spirituality Beliefs into Psychotherapy: An Integrative Review , Justina Anighoro-Okezie
Improving Nursing Retention Through Mentorship in a Long-Term Care Facility: An Educational Toolkit , Adriane Nichole Anthony-Cupil
Ghanaian Christian Leadership Model: A Biblically Informed, Ghanaian, and Effective Leadership Model in a Western Cultural Setting , Moses Antwi
Equipping Equippers: Training Alaska Bible College Students for Equipping Ministry through Mentorship , Justin Glenn Archuletta
Parent and Teacher Perspectives on Attachment/Relationships and Children's Self-Regulation , Elaina Arnold
Page 1 of 238
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Applying for a Doctoral Program
Start Your Application
Manage Your Application
A Doctorate is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most fields of study. It involves several years of rigorous research, culminating in a dissertation that contributes new knowledge to the field. Doctoral candidates work closely with a faculty advisor to explore and answer complex questions, often pushing the boundaries of what is known.
Applying to a doctoral program is like applying for a job. This process requires more diligence and patience than applying for a Master’s degree. To stand out from a competitive pool of candidates, you must prepare a strong application that includes your academic achievements, any related research experience, and a clear statement of your research interests and goals. Be sure to demonstrate your passion, fit for the program, and your interest in RIT.
Explore our doctoral programs
How to Apply for a Doctoral Program
For details on the exact application requirements for your program, visit the Application Details section on your degree page and thoroughly review the graduate application instructions page .
- Most doctoral programs have an application deadline of January 15 and admit to Fall terms only, but be sure to verify the application deadline for your program and start terms before applying. Many programs will accept applications on a rolling basis after the priority deadline has passed until all spots are filled. For tips on completing your application, view our Ph.D. Application 101 recording .
- Early applicants may see a “Hold for Program Deadline/Review Date” on the checklist in their portal. This an administrative hold that prevents applications from going for review until after December 15th. You will be notified when your file is sent to the review committee by email.
- Choose the Right Doctoral Program: Review individual doctoral program pages carefully to learn the curriculum, research focus areas, facility profiles, and facilities to determine if the program is a good fit for you and to ensure that your interests and background align with the degree. The application will allow you to enter up to three choices in order of preference.
- Research Your Faculty Interests: Identify faculty members whose research aligns with your interests. Matching your research area with potential advisors strengthens your application and helps ensure a good fit. It is not necessary to secure a faculty advisor in order to submit your application. Learn more about researching faculty and areas of interest
- Craft Your Statement of Purpose for Research: This requirement should clearly convey your research interests, indicate what faculty member(s) you would like to work with, your experience, and why you want to pursue a doctorate at RIT. Each program may have specific guidelines, so be sure to address them. There is no minimum or maximum length. If you listed more than one program choice in your application it is suggested that you prepare separate statements for each program (doctoral and/or master’s). You may upload all three at the time you submit your application, or wait for a decision on your first choice program. View program-specific criteria
- Choose Strong References: Make sure you choose the right people to submit letters of recommendation and give them plenty of time so they can prepare their support letter in advance. References should speak to your ability and promise to become a successful independent researcher. Professors, research supervisors, or professional mentors make ideal choices.
- Update Your CV/Resume: Ensure your CV or resume is current and highlights relevant academic achievements, research experience, publications, and professional skills.
- Verify Admission Requirements: Double-check all admission requirements and application details for your chosen program. Ensure you have all necessary materials, including transcripts, test scores, and any additional documents. You do not need to submit financial documents as part of your doctoral application. Focus on preparing a strong academic and research-focused application to showcase your qualifications and readiness for doctoral study.
- Understand Decision Timing: The review process typically starts in late January and may take several weeks to a few months. Be patient as the committee evaluates your application and aligns faculty advisors with candidates in matching research areas where funding is available. You may be invited to interview if faculty would like to know more about you. Interviews are not required. Admission decisions are first communicated in mid-March and continue until the class is full. If you are not admitted to your first choice program, allow additional time for review for second and third choices. RIT does not simultaneously review for multiple programs.
- Replying to an Offer of Admission: Accepted candidates must respond to their doctoral degree offers by April 15 or the date indicated on your admit letter and in their portal. If you decide to accept your offer, you are expected to honor your commitment to enroll at RIT as a doctoral student. This ensures a smooth transition into your program and reflects your professionalism and reliability.
Researching Faculty Advisors and/or Research Interest Areas
Identifying a potential faculty research advisor(s) and research interest areas in your Statement of Purpose for Research is important. It is not necessary to secure a faculty advisor(s) in order to submit your application.
Here are avenues for your research:
Align Research Interests
Ensure your research interests align with those of potential advisors. This alignment is crucial for a productive and supportive mentoring relationship. Review faculty members' recent publications and current projects to understand their focus areas. Visit the program page to learn about the current research for your program.
Use RIT’s “Find an Expert” Tool
Utilize RIT’s Find an Expert tool to identify faculty members with specific expertise. This resource can help you narrow down potential advisors based on your research interests. You may also want to use Google Scholar and search for RIT faculty.
Explore RIT’s Faculty Directory
Start by exploring the RIT Faculty Directory to find faculty members whose research aligns with your interests. This directory provides detailed profiles, including research areas, publications, and contact information.
Explore our Research Centers and Institutes:
RIT is home to a diverse array of research centers and institutes that drive innovation across various fields. These centers provide state-of-the-art facilities and collaborative environments to support groundbreaking research. Explore our extensive list of research centers and institutes
Reach Out to Potential Advisors
Once you’ve identified potential advisors, you may choose to reach out to them with a well-crafted email. This is not required but encouraged. Introduce yourself, briefly explain your research interests, and express why you’re interested in their work. Attach your CV and any relevant documents. Be respectful of their time and follow up if you don’t hear back within a couple of weeks. Do pay attention if it is documented that a faculty advisor is not taking on new students.
Funding Sources for Doctoral Students
Doctoral students typically receive full tuition and an RIT Graduate Research Assistantship (GRA) or Graduate Teaching Assistantship (GTA) that will pay a stipend for the academic year. There is not a separate application process for scholarship and assistantship consideration
Assistantships and Stipends
Research and teaching assistantships provide valuable experience and come with stipends that help cover living expenses during the school year, such as room and board.
Summer Support Some programs are able to offer stipend support during the summer. Eligibility for summer funding will be determined by the graduate advisor and/or program director.
Funding Throughout Program Funding throughout your doctoral program will depend on your satisfactory academic and research performance. Students are expected to fulfill their assistantship duties responsibly and make satisfactory progress towards their degree. It is expected that starting your second year, funding will be provided from your college either through a Teaching Assistantship or by your graduate advisor from external funds.
Student Fees Full-time students are responsible for both Student Activity and Student Health Services fees. In addition, RIT expects that all students will have health care insurance. Learn more about student fees
Timing and Distribution of Stipends
Graduate Research Assistants and Graduate Teaching Assistants receive a semi-monthly stipend payment starting a few weeks after the initial enrollment term. For U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents, no taxes are withheld at the time the payment is made. However, students are encouraged to file estimated tax payments quarterly. Detailed information about the timing and distribution of stipends will be provided by your academic department.
Financial Document Submission
Doctoral applicants are not required to submit financial documents as part of the application process. Focus on showcasing your academic and research potential without the added stress of financial documentation. If you are admitted, you will receive funding notification with your admission offer and international students who require a student visa will be assisted through the I-20 process.
Student Support and Community
Doctoral Student Association
The Doctoral Student Association provides an inviting environment that brings students together to encourage collaborative work. Doctorate students collaborate to produce high-quality journal publications and conference presentations in a friendly and encouraging environment. The group also provides information about professional and social activities to help produce well-rounded graduate students.
Learn more about the Doctoral Student Association
RIT Graduate School
The RIT Graduate School acts as a central hub, enhancing the academic journey for graduate students by cultivating a diverse scholarly community and offering robust professional development programs. This supportive environment, backed by dedicated faculty and staff, empowers students to excel in their research, scholarship, and creative endeavors.
Learn more about the RIT Graduate School
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a doctorate and a master’s degree?
Understanding the differences between a doctorate (Ph.D.) and a master's (M.S.) degree program is crucial in making an informed decision. While a master's program typically focuses on advancing your knowledge and skills in a specific area, a doctorate emphasizes original research and developing new theories or applications.
Can I go from a Bachelor’s degree to a Doctorate? Do I need a Master’s degree first?
Yes, you can go directly from a Bachelor's degree (BS) to a Doctorate program. You are not required to get a master’s degree before pursuing a Doctorate. This pathway can be a strategic choice depending on your career goals and readiness for advanced research.
May I have an application fee waiver?
The $65 application fee covers the management and processing of your record and admission materials. If you are unable to pay our application fee due to financial hardship, we encourage you to carefully consider the expenses associated with graduate study before applying.
Is there a set GPA requirement for being considered for a doctoral program at RIT?
Admitted doctoral students typically have a GPA of 3.0 or above. If it is lower, you will not necessarily be eliminated from consideration. You are welcome to apply. The Admissions Committee will consider your complete application when making a decision.
Do I need to provide GRE or GMAT scores ?
Requirements vary by program. Refer to your doctoral program page or the deadlines and requirements table for details. For programs that require test scores, we do not state minimum GRE or GMAT scores. Official scores should be sent to RIT directly from the testing agency using Institute code 2760.
What are the English language test score requirements? As an international student do I need to submit scores?
An official score report for the TOEFL, IELTS Academic, PTE Academic exam, or RIT English Language Proficiency Test is required of all international applicants who are not eligible for a waiver. We do not accept letters from your college or university indicating "English proficiency" or letters indicating courses were taught in English in place of official English language test scores. We do not accept Duolingo scores. See the “English Language Test Requirements” section in the Application Materials section of the Application Instructions for full details.
Do I need to have authored research papers to apply for admission to a doctoral degree?
No, you do not need published research papers to apply for a doctoral degree. A majority of admitted students do not have prior experience authoring research papers. However, admission to a doctoral degree is very competitive, and having published research papers helps strengthen your application.
How many students apply for doctoral study, and how many are admitted?
Admission to an RIT doctoral program is highly competitive. The number of applications received and the number of fully funded opportunities are limited and vary from year to year and by program.
Will the stipend fully cover living costs in the US?
The stipend should cover modest living expenses (housing and food), fees (student activity fee and health services fee), and costs for books, supplies, and some personal expenses. However, each student differs in their preferred living styles and their relative expenses. Doctoral students are permitted to take on other part-time employment so long as it does not interfere with their doctoral work (international students are only able to work on campus, for a total of 20 hours per week including their research positions). On-campus opportunities can be found through Career Connect .
Do doctoral students need to have personal finances available upon arriving at RIT?
Though our Ph.D. is fully funded, students do need to have their own funds available for travel and arrival in the US and to get settled in Rochester immediately upon entering the program. Please be sure to keep this in mind as you consider applying and your finances. If admitted, your first payment/stipend would not be until a few weeks into the program, so you will need to have a foundation of funds available for housing and other living expenses before that.
Is funding throughout the program guaranteed?
Your full tuition and assistantship stipend responsibilities will be determined by your graduate advisor and/or program director. It is our expectation that you will fulfill your duties responsibly and make satisfactory progress towards your degree. Funding in future years will depend on your satisfactory academic and research performance. It is expected that starting your second year, funding will be provided from your college either through a Teaching Assistantship or by your graduate advisor from external funds.
Our team is here to help you as you apply to RIT's doctoral programs. Do not hesitate to reach out if you have questions or need assistance.
Contact Your Admissions Counselor
Email [email protected] to be connected with your admissions counselor
Chat with Us
For general questions about RIT or applying to one of our doctoral programs, use our live chat or search your question in the chatbot.
Request an Appointment or Schedule a Campus Visit
An in-person visit or virtual meeting with an admissions counselor will provide a personalized experience that suits your needs.
Bhaskaran Publishes Research on Laryngeal Dystonia
Written by Staff
September 3, 2024
Divya Bhaskaran , Assistant Professor in the Exercise Science program of the Biology Department, published a research paper in the Frontiers in Neurology Journal. The article, entitled "Effects of an 11-week vibro-tactile stimulation treatment on voice symptoms in laryngeal dystonia," is a longitudinal clinical trial conducted during Dr Bhaskaran's post-doctoral work at the University of Minnesota.
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We've received reports of redirect issues with forms that require login.
If you are redirected to an incorrect form after logging in, return to the forms landing page and select the correct form again:
- Undergraduate student forms
- Graduate student forms
Graduate Student Research Dissemination Award Application
Graduate Student Research Dissemination Award Application - see webform below
Use this form to:
- Apply for a Graduate Student Research Dissemination Award (GSRDA)
Award Description:
Through a commitment of financial support from the Graduate Studies Endowment Fund (GSEF) and Graduate Studies and Postdoctoral Affairs (GSPA), awards are available to encourage full-time or part-time graduate students to present their own research (oral, poster, paper) at an academic conference and engage in academic dialogue within their field of study and research.
Recipients will receive an award valued at $250 for virtual conferences or $500 for in-person conferences.
The number of awards available will vary from year to year depending on available budget. The annual budget will be split across three terms normally with more budget allocated to the Spring term. Applications will be approved on a first-come, first-serve basis each term, depending on available budget. Applications will be accepted throughout the year for each term until funds are depleted.
Students are advised to seek additional financial support from their supervisor, department and/or faculty to assist with defraying the costs associated with conference, travel and accommodation expenses, as appropriate.
Eligibility and Selection Criteria:
- Graduate students must be registered in the term of the conference as full time or part time in a research-based program while completing a thesis or Master's Research Paper (MRP).
- Students are limited to receiving the award once per fiscal year (May-April), regardless of the value of award issued.
- Applicants must be presenting their own research (oral, poster, paper), which is of direct benefit to their research/academic studies, at an in-person or virtual academic conference.
- Applicants must submit a Graduate Student Research Dissemination Award application where they must include a lay summary of the research they will be presenting, as well as a description of the expected outcomes and how the conference will benefit their research/academic studies. Additionally, the applicant must upload a Graduate Student Research Dissemination Award – Supervisor Verification form signed by their supervisor.
- As a result of limited funding for this program, applicants are encouraged to apply as soon as they have confirmed that they will be presenting at a conference. Applications will be accepted at any time throughout the year, provided the conference has not already occurred. Applications received after the conference has taken place will be rejected.
- Applicants may apply for the award provided that funds still remain for the term in which the conference will take place. If the estimated travel dates or conference dates straddle two academic terms, the application will be considered for the term in which the student’s expected return travel date or conference end-date occurs.
- Award recipients must notify GSPA immediately if their attendance type changes (e.g., in-person to virtual). In this case, the award value will be adjusted to reflect the new attendance type.
- Award recipients who do not end up attending the conference are required to notify GSPA immediately by email to arrange for repayment of funds awarded.
- Students who were approved for the award who subsequently change their registration status to inactive in the term of the conference will be required to pay back the award.
- GSPA will perform audits of select award recipients who will be required to provide proof of presentation which may include conference brochure, agenda or screenshot of website listing the recipient as a presenter.
- With the applicant’s consent, GSPA may publish research summaries and expected outcomes provided by the applicant on the application form on their website in order to promote graduate student research at Waterloo.
- To support internal tracking of research activity, students are strongly encouraged to share their SCOPUS / ORCID ID (16 digits) at the time of application.
Competition Status
Competition | |||
---|---|---|---|
Winter 2024 | Jan 1, 2024 – Apr 30, 2024 | Closed; no funds remaining | |
Spring 2024 | May 1, 2024 - Aug 31, 2024 | Closed; no funds remaining | |
Fall 2024 | Sept 1, 2024 - Dec 31, 2024 | Closed, no funds remaining | |
Winter 2025 | Jan 1, 2025 - Apr 30, 2025 | Open |
Application Process:
- Ensure that there are funds available (refer to the Competition Status table )
- Download and have supervisor sign Graduate Student Research Dissemination Award - Supervisor Verification form
- Submit application web form (see form above)
Notification and Payment:
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How to Create a Structured Research Paper Outline | Example
Published on August 7, 2022 by Courtney Gahan . Revised on August 15, 2023.
A research paper outline is a useful tool to aid in the writing process , providing a structure to follow with all information to be included in the paper clearly organized.
A quality outline can make writing your research paper more efficient by helping to:
- Organize your thoughts
- Understand the flow of information and how ideas are related
- Ensure nothing is forgotten
A research paper outline can also give your teacher an early idea of the final product.
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Table of contents
Research paper outline example, how to write a research paper outline, formatting your research paper outline, language in research paper outlines.
- Definition of measles
- Rise in cases in recent years in places the disease was previously eliminated or had very low rates of infection
- Figures: Number of cases per year on average, number in recent years. Relate to immunization
- Symptoms and timeframes of disease
- Risk of fatality, including statistics
- How measles is spread
- Immunization procedures in different regions
- Different regions, focusing on the arguments from those against immunization
- Immunization figures in affected regions
- High number of cases in non-immunizing regions
- Illnesses that can result from measles virus
- Fatal cases of other illnesses after patient contracted measles
- Summary of arguments of different groups
- Summary of figures and relationship with recent immunization debate
- Which side of the argument appears to be correct?
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Follow these steps to start your research paper outline:
- Decide on the subject of the paper
- Write down all the ideas you want to include or discuss
- Organize related ideas into sub-groups
- Arrange your ideas into a hierarchy: What should the reader learn first? What is most important? Which idea will help end your paper most effectively?
- Create headings and subheadings that are effective
- Format the outline in either alphanumeric, full-sentence or decimal format
There are three different kinds of research paper outline: alphanumeric, full-sentence and decimal outlines. The differences relate to formatting and style of writing.
- Alphanumeric
- Full-sentence
An alphanumeric outline is most commonly used. It uses Roman numerals, capitalized letters, arabic numerals, lowercase letters to organize the flow of information. Text is written with short notes rather than full sentences.
- Sub-point of sub-point 1
Essentially the same as the alphanumeric outline, but with the text written in full sentences rather than short points.
- Additional sub-point to conclude discussion of point of evidence introduced in point A
A decimal outline is similar in format to the alphanumeric outline, but with a different numbering system: 1, 1.1, 1.2, etc. Text is written as short notes rather than full sentences.
- 1.1.1 Sub-point of first point
- 1.1.2 Sub-point of first point
- 1.2 Second point
To write an effective research paper outline, it is important to pay attention to language. This is especially important if it is one you will show to your teacher or be assessed on.
There are four main considerations: parallelism, coordination, subordination and division.
Parallelism: Be consistent with grammatical form
Parallel structure or parallelism is the repetition of a particular grammatical form within a sentence, or in this case, between points and sub-points. This simply means that if the first point is a verb , the sub-point should also be a verb.
Example of parallelism:
- Include different regions, focusing on the different arguments from those against immunization
Coordination: Be aware of each point’s weight
Your chosen subheadings should hold the same significance as each other, as should all first sub-points, secondary sub-points, and so on.
Example of coordination:
- Include immunization figures in affected regions
- Illnesses that can result from the measles virus
Subordination: Work from general to specific
Subordination refers to the separation of general points from specific. Your main headings should be quite general, and each level of sub-point should become more specific.
Example of subordination:
Division: break information into sub-points.
Your headings should be divided into two or more subsections. There is no limit to how many subsections you can include under each heading, but keep in mind that the information will be structured into a paragraph during the writing stage, so you should not go overboard with the number of sub-points.
Ready to start writing or looking for guidance on a different step in the process? Read our step-by-step guide on how to write a research paper .
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CS 550: Advanced Computer Networks (Modern Datacenters)
Course overview.
This advanced graduate-level course focuses on the key aspects of modern datacenter networking. Students will explore the differences between traditional Internet architectures and modern datacenters, with an emphasis on cutting-edge technologies, practical applications, and ongoing research. The course is designed to equip students with the necessary knowledge to engage with state-of-the-art networking research and practices.
Office Hours and Contact
- Instructor: Balajee Vamanan
- Office Hours: Friday 3–4 PM at SEO 1310 or by appointment via email.
- Email Policy: Use Piazza for questions/discussions about lectures, papers, and projects. Email is reserved for personal matters only.
Course Goals
- Familiarize students with state-of-the-art networking research, specifically in datacenters.
- Practice reading and critiquing research papers.
- Develop skills for reproducing research results.
- Class Webpage: https://www.550.cs.uic.edu
- Piazza: https://piazza.com/uic/fall2024/cs550/home
- Blackboard: For grades and other official communications.
- Book: Lecture notes and papers
Modality of the Class
Each class will focus on the discussion of 1-2 research papers. Students are expected to read and critique papers before class, and most of the lecture time will be dedicated to in-depth discussion.
Prerequisites
- CS 450 or equivalent: Students must be familiar with basic networking concepts and be comfortable with coding and debugging.
- Project Work: The course involves a significant project component, where students will code and benchmark their work.
Grading Breakdown (Tentative)
- Class Participation: 10%
- Paper Presentations: 30% (2-3 papers per student)
- Paper Critiques: 20%
- Proposal (1-2 pages): 10%
- Presentation (15 mins + 5 mins Q&A): 10%
- Report (10-12 pages): 10%
- Demo (10 mins): 10%
Topics and Schedule (tentative)
Course outline, week 1: introduction to datacenter networks.
- Overview of datacenter architecture
- Evolution of datacenter networks
- Key challenges in datacenter networking
Week 2: Datacenter Topologies
- Traditional three-tier architecture
- Clos networks and fat-tree topologies
- Emerging topologies (e.g., DCell, BCube)
Week 3: Datacenter Network Protocols
- TCP/IP in datacenter environments
- RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access)
- Datacenter TCP (DCTCP)
Week 4: Software-Defined Networking (SDN) in Datacenters
- SDN architecture and principles
- OpenFlow and other SDN protocols
- SDN controllers for datacenters
Week 5: Network Virtualization
- Network overlays (VXLAN, NVGRE, STT)
- Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
- Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) in datacenters
Week 6: Load Balancing in Datacenters
- Layer 4 vs. Layer 7 load balancing
- Software vs. hardware load balancers
- Advanced load balancing algorithms
Week 7: Datacenter Traffic Engineering
- Flow scheduling
- Multipath routing (ECMP, MPTCP)
- Traffic prediction and optimization
Week 8: Quality of Service (QoS) in Datacenters
- QoS requirements for different applications
- QoS mechanisms (traffic shaping, policing, marking)
- End-to-end QoS in multi-tenant environments
Week 9: Network Security in Datacenters
- Threat models for datacenter networks
- Firewalls and Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS)
- Microsegmentation and zero-trust networking
Week 10: Datacenter Interconnects
- Intra-datacenter connectivity
- Inter-datacenter networking
- Software-defined WANs (SD-WAN) for datacenter interconnection
Week 11: Network Monitoring and Telemetry
- Network monitoring tools and techniques
- Streaming telemetry
- Network analytics and machine learning for anomaly detection
Week 12: Energy Efficiency in Datacenter Networks
- Green networking techniques
- Energy-aware routing and scheduling
- Power management in network devices
Week 13: Datacenter Network Performance
- Performance metrics and benchmarking
- Latency and throughput optimization
- Congestion control mechanisms
Week 14: Emerging Technologies in Datacenter Networking
- Programmable data planes (P4)
- Optical networking in datacenters
- Silicon photonics and co-packaged optics
Week 15: Cloud-Native Networking
- Container networking (e.g., Kubernetes networking)
- Service mesh architectures
- Network automation and Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
Week 16: Future Trends and Research Directions
- AI/ML-driven network management
- Satellite networks and their impact on datacenter connectivity
- Edge computing and its impact on datacenter networks
How to Succeed in this Class
- Keep up with the class materials and participate in discussions.
- Read and critique papers before each class.
- Prepare your presentations thoroughly.
- Start your project early and maintain regular progress.
- How to read a paper: pdf
- (Sep 3) VL2: A Scalable and Flexible Data Center Network: pdf
- Reference: Original fat-tree paper: pdf
COMMENTS
Reading Time: 14 minutes In this article I will show you how to write a research paper using the four LEAP writing steps. The LEAP academic writing approach is a step-by-step method for turning research results into a published paper.. The LEAP writing approach has been the cornerstone of the 70 + research papers that I have authored and the 3700+ citations these paper have accumulated within ...
Find out how to write a high-quality thesis or dissertation by looking at previous work done by other students on similar topics. Browse a list of award-winning undergraduate, master's, and PhD theses and dissertations from various disciplines.
The Harvard University Archives' collection of theses, dissertations, and prize papers document the wide range of academic research undertaken by Harvard students over the course of the University's history.. Beyond their value as pieces of original research, these collections document the history of American higher education, chronicling both the growth of Harvard as a major research ...
Submission. The last stage of writing a research paper is submission. After sending your paper to a journal it will be checked by an editor before being sent for peer review. Under peer review the article will be read by three to four anonymous readers (depending on the size of the journal). Each will provide feedback.
A dissertation is a long-form piece of academic writing based on original research conducted by you. It is usually submitted as the final step in order to finish a PhD program. Your dissertation is probably the longest piece of writing you've ever completed. It requires solid research, writing, and analysis skills, and it can be intimidating ...
Craft a convincing dissertation or thesis research proposal. Write a clear, compelling introduction chapter. Undertake a thorough review of the existing research and write up a literature review. Undertake your own research. Present and interpret your findings. Draw a conclusion and discuss the implications.
Advanced research and scholarship. Theses and dissertations, free to find, free to use. October 3, 2022. OATD is dealing with a number of misbehaved crawlers and robots, and is currently taking some steps to minimize their impact on the system. This may require you to click through some security screen.
This PhD thesis examines the dynamics of supply chain relationships across three levels: the interactions between firms and consumers, suppliers and buyers, and firms and governments. The research aims to provide insights into the complexities of supply chain dynamics and their implications for various stakeholders. Download Example.
Step 1: Check the requirements. Step 2: Choose a broad field of research. Step 3: Look for books and articles. Step 4: Find a niche. Step 5: Consider the type of research. Step 6: Determine the relevance. Step 7: Make sure it's plausible. Step 8: Get your topic approved. Other interesting articles.
A PhD thesis is a concentrated piece of original research which must be carried out by all PhD students in order to successfully earn their doctoral degree. The fundamental purpose of a thesis is to explain the conclusion that has been reached as a result of undertaking the research project. The typical PhD thesis structure will contain four ...
Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. Search across a wide variety of disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions.
Here you can find our PdF formats and guidelines for proceedings papers. PhD Guides are here to to help you prepare your work with accuracy. Visit: University Formats & Guidelines. If you're getting ready to write your dissertation, thesis, or research project, our free research writing samples are a great way to start.
3 sample title page for a phd dissertation copyright notice abstract sample abstract formatting errors front and back matter supplemental material tables and figures visual material acknowledging the work of others page 19 references footnotes bibliography citation & style guides use of copyrighted material page 20 services and information page 22 proquest publishing orders and payments
A dissertation is the final large research paper, based on original research, for many disciplines to be able to complete a PhD degree. The thesis is the same idea but for a masters degree. ... Those doctoral dissertations still in Wilson Library (which in all cases should be 1980 or later and will have "MnU-D" numbers) are located in the ...
1) To help PhD candidates in writing scientifically correct PhD thesis. 2) To describe PhD thesis writing process. 3) To assist PhD candidates to understand what PhD means. 4. Methodology The methodology applied in this research was descriptive as it discusses and de-scribes the various parts of PhD thesis and explains the how to do of them in a
Experimental research paper. This type of research paper basically describes a particular experiment in detail. It is common in fields like: biology. chemistry. physics. Experiments are aimed to explain a certain outcome or phenomenon with certain actions. You need to describe your experiment with supporting data and then analyze it sufficiently.
This presentation is a practical guide on how to write a PhD thesis based on personal experiences and existing literature . It is aimed at all PhD students. A thesis writing may be falling into ...
You'll be required to submit a research paper at the end of either the first or the second summer. Some fields require papers following both summers. You'll have access to faculty guidance and supervision during the summer period, and you'll present your paper in a seminar format and/or before field faculty. Attend an Admission Event.
Graduate Research Papers. Total Papers Total Downloads Downloads in the past year. The Graduate Research Paper/Project is a non-thesis paper/project, which can be considered the capstone of the graduate program. For the paper, students synthesize information they have learned throughout the program and apply it to the field experience.
Biblical Choice Model: A St. Augustine-Inspired Approach to Behavioral Economics, Adebukola Adebayo. PDF. The Evidential Problem of Assurance: Textual Approach from the Johannine Literature, Derick A. Adu. PDF. The Perpetual Progression in the Schleswig-Holstein Duchy: History, Politics, and Religion, 1460-1864, Christian Anthony Ahlers. PDF.
Develop a thesis statement. Create a research paper outline. Write a first draft of the research paper. Write the introduction. Write a compelling body of text. Write the conclusion. The second draft. The revision process. Research paper checklist.
Scientific writing should be readable. Your arguments try to persuade the reader; such arguments are useless if the reader can't comprehend your meaning. Keep it simple, clear, and concise. Verbose. Concise. Has the capability of. Is capable. Fewer in number. Fewer.
For details on the exact application requirements for your program, visit the Application Details section on your degree page and thoroughly review the graduate application instructions page.. Start Early: Begin your application process well in advance. This gives you ample time to gather the necessary documents, research programs, and prepare a compelling application.
Divya Bhaskaran, Assistant Professor in the Exercise Science program of the Biology Department, published a research paper in the Frontiers in Neurology Journal. The article titled "Effects of an 11-week vibro-tactile stimulation treatment on voice symptoms in laryngeal dystonia" is a longitudinal clinical trial conducted during Dr Bhaskaran's post-doctoral work at the University of Minnesota.
Graduate students must be registered in the term of the conference as full time or part time in a research-based program while completing a thesis or Master's Research Paper (MRP). Students are limited to receiving the award once per fiscal year (May-April), regardless of the value of award issued.
A research paper outline is a useful tool to aid in the writing process, providing a structure to follow with all information to be included in the paper clearly organized. A quality outline can make writing your research paper more efficient by helping to: Organize your thoughts; Understand the flow of information and how ideas are related
Email Policy: Use Piazza for questions/discussions about lectures, papers, and projects. Email is reserved for personal matters only. Course Goals. Familiarize students with state-of-the-art networking research, specifically in datacenters. Practice reading and critiquing research papers. Develop skills for reproducing research results. Resources