essay on flag in bengali

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ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা | ইতিহাস, বর্ণনা, ব্যবহারের নিয়ম, ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা সম্পর্কে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা | national flag of india details in bengali.

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯০৬)

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯০৭)

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯১৭)

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯২১)

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯৩১)

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯৪৭)

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Paragraph: Our National Flag বাংলা অর্থসহ (PDF)

Our National Flag

A national flag means a flag which a country achieves / gains by independence. It is the symbol of a nation. To gain independence a country has to struggle a lot. However, Bangladesh is an independent country. We have a national flag like other free countries. It reminds us the freedom fighters of our country who has dedicated their lives for our country. Our national flag is made by cotton or silk. Its shape is rectangular and it is 10: 6 in proportion. It may be different sizes according to its use. The flag is hoisted everyday in government buildings and educational institutions. It is hoisted everywhere in our country on 16 December, 26 March and 21 February. Our national flag has two colors- green and red. The green color is the symbol of youth and the red color is the symbol of the sacrifices of freedom fighters. We salute the national flag and respect our freedom fighters with much respect. In fact, we are really proud of it.

একটি জাতীয় পতাকা হচ্ছে এমন একটি পতাকা যা একটি দেশ স্বাধীনতার দ্বারা অর্জন করে। এটি একটি জাতির প্রতীক। স্বাধীনতা অর্জনের জন্য একটি দেশকে অনেক লড়াই করতে হয়। যাই হোক, বাংলাদেশ একটি স্বাধীন দেশ। অন্যান্য স্বাধীন দেশগুলির মতো আমাদেরও জাতীয় পতাকা রয়েছে। এটি আমাদের দেশের মুক্তিযোদ্ধাদের স্মরণ করিয়ে দেয় যারা আমাদের দেশের জন্য তাদের জীবন উৎসর্গ করেছে। আমাদের জাতীয় পতাকা তুলা বা রেশম দ্বারা তৈরি। এর আকার আয়তক্ষেত্রাকার এবং এটি অনুপাতে 10:6। এটির ব্যবহার অনুসারে এটি বিভিন্ন আকারের হতে পারে। সরকারী ভবন এবং শিক্ষা প্রতিষ্ঠানে প্রতিদিন পতাকা উত্তোলন করা হয়। এটি ১৬ ডিসেম্বর, ২৬ মার্চ এবং ২১ ফেব্রুয়ারি আমাদের দেশে সর্বত্র উত্তোলন করা হয়। আমাদের জাতীয় পতাকাটিতে দুটি বর্ণ রয়েছে – সবুজ এবং লাল। সবুজ রঙ তরুণদের প্রতীক এবং লাল রঙ মুক্তিযোদ্ধাদের ত্যাগের প্রতীক। আমরা জাতীয় পতাকাটিকে সালাম জানাই এবং আমাদের মুক্তিযোদ্ধাদের অনেক শ্রদ্ধার সাথে শ্রদ্ধা জানাই। আসলে, আমরা এটির জন্য সত্যই গর্বিত।

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►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : Lockdown ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : COVID-19 ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : A School Library ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : A Winter Morning ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : A School Magazine ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : Environmental Pollution ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : A Tea Stall ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : Physical Exercise ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : Our National Flag ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : Tree Plantation ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : Traffic Jam ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : Load Shedding ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : A Day Labourer ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : A Railway Station ►► বাংলা অর্থসহ প্যারাগ্রাফ : A Street Accident

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Paragraph on Our National Flag

In this post, I have shared a paragraph on our National Flag of Bangladesh. This paragraph is mostly common for class 5 to class 8 and JSC students. Advertisement I have written several paragraphs of…

In this post, I have shared a paragraph on our National Flag of Bangladesh. This paragraph is mostly common for class 5 to class 8 and JSC students.

I have written several paragraphs of different sizes. You can follow what suits you. If you are a student of SSC and HSC, you can also use it.

You must write a paragraph in a single paragraph though I showed them in multiple paragraphs for your better understanding.

Our National Flag Paragraph for Class 5 in 100 Words

Every country has a national flag of its own. As an independent country, Bangladesh also has a national flag. A national flag is the symbol of the freedom of a nation. Our national flag is rectangular. The background of the flag is bottle green and it has a red circle in the middle. The green colour stands for our green fields, everlasting freshness, vigour and vitality of our nation. The red circle stands for the red sun of freedom. The blood-red colour of the sun is a memorial of bloody war and the sacrifice of 30 lac martyrs lives. The flag’s length and breadth are in the ratio of 10:6. We are proud of our country and determined to hold the prestige of our national flag.

Paragraph on Our National Flag 150 Words

Our national flag.

A national flag is a symbol of the independence and sovereignty of a free country. Every free nation of the globe has its own flag. Similarly, Bangladesh has a national flag as She is an independent country.

Bangladesh got this flag on December sixteen, 1971, after a nine-month-long valiant struggle of our heroic freedom fighters with the occupying Pakistani army.

The national flag of Bangladesh is rectangular in shape having a proportion of 10:6 or 5:3. There are 2 colours in our flag – green and red. The green colour of our flag stands for everlasting youth, vigour, and freshness of the nation. It also symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh. The red colour symbolizes the rising sun of independence. It stands for the supreme sacrifices of our heroic freedom fighters who set down their lives for the reason for their country of origin.

The flag is hoisted every day on top of government offices and educational institutions. Whenever we see our national flag flying, our mind is filled with joy and hearts swell in pride. We feel proud of our national flag .

Our National Flag Paragraph 250 Words

The national flag is a piece of fabric with a special and unique coloured design. It is used as the symbol of a particular country.

Every nation of the world has a national flag of its own. It is the symbol of the independence of a nation. As an independent country, Bangladesh has also a national flag.

We achieved this in 1971 at the cost of 30 lac of martyrs. The ratio of its length and breadth is 10:6. Our national flag is a green rectangle with a round red circle in the middle. The radius of the red circle is one-fifth of the length of the flag. The green colour represents our green fields and the youthful vigour of our country. The red circle symbolizes the blood of our 30 lac martyrs who sacrificed their lives for the country. The red circle also stands for the red sun of freedom and new hope for a new nation.

After 9 months long bloody war, Bangladesh became independent on 16th December of 1971. The national flag is hoisted on the premises of every govt office, institute and organization in Bangladesh. It is kept half-mast on national mourning days

Our national flag reminds us of the supreme sacrifice of our heroic sons. It inspires us to die for the country. We should be determined to uphold the honour of our national flag and do duties to the nation.

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But sir this paragraph is too small for 10 marks for my English exam….

Yes, this is. I'll update this page with a new paragraph with 200 words. Thanks for visiting.

It is too small for 10 marks and more points should be nooted

Would you tell me for which class you need this paragraph? 250 words paragraph for secondary is good enough to get 10 marks. Actually getting marks depends on quality not on number of words. Ok I'll share 1 more paragraph in 300 words.

জাতীয় পতাকা রচনা – National Flag of India Essay in Bengali

জাতীয় পতাকা রচনা – National Flag of India Essay in Bengali : একটি জাতির “জাতীয় পতাকা” সেই জাতির স্বাধীনতার প্রতীক। প্রতিটি স্বাধীন জাতির নিজস্ব জাতীয় পতাকা রয়েছে। একইভাবে আমাদের দেশেও একটি জাতীয় পতাকা রয়েছে, যাকে বলা হয় তিরঙ্গা। ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা, তেরঙা ভারতের গর্ব এবং এটি প্রত্যেক ভারতীয়ের জন্য অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। এটি বেশিরভাগ জাতীয় উত্সব উপলক্ষে এবং ভারতের জন্য গর্বের মুহুর্তগুলিতে উত্তোলন করা হয়।

Table of Contents

জাতীয় পতাকা রচনা – 1 (300 শব্দ)

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকাকে বলা হয় তিরঙ্গা, জাতীয় পতাকা দেশের স্বাধীনতার প্রতীক। আমাদের জাতীয় পতাকায় তিনটি রং বিদ্যমান, যার কারণে এর নামকরণ করা হয়েছে তিরঙ্গা। পূর্বের জাতীয় পতাকাবিধি অনুযায়ী, জাতীয় উৎসব উপলক্ষে শুধুমাত্র সরকার ও তাদের সংস্থার মাধ্যমে পতাকা উত্তোলনের বিধান ছিল। কিন্তু শিল্পপতি জিন্দাল বিচার বিভাগে আবেদন করার পর পতাকা কোডে একটি সংশোধনী আনা হয়। ব্যক্তিগত সেক্টর, স্কুল, অফিস ইত্যাদিতে নির্দিষ্ট নির্দেশ দিয়ে পতাকা উত্তোলনের অনুমতি দেওয়া হয়েছিল।

জাতীয় পতাকায় রঙের অর্থ ও গুরুত্ব

জাতীয় পতাকাটি তিনটি রঙে সজ্জিত, এটি স্বাধীনতা অর্জনের কিছু আগে পিঙ্গালি ভেঙ্কাইয়া দ্বারা ডিজাইন করা হয়েছিল। এতে জাফরান, সাদা ও সবুজ রং ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। তাদের দার্শনিক এবং আধ্যাত্মিক অর্থ উভয়ই রয়েছে।
জাফরান – জাফরান মানে বিচ্ছিন্নতা, জাফরান রঙ ত্যাগ এবং ত্যাগের প্রতীক, সেইসাথে আধ্যাত্মিকভাবে এটি হিন্দু, বৌদ্ধ এবং জৈন মত অন্যান্য ধর্মের জন্য মর্যাদার প্রতীক।
সাদা – শান্তির প্রতীক এবং দর্শন অনুসারে সাদা রং পরিচ্ছন্নতা ও সততার প্রতীক।
সবুজ সমৃদ্ধি ও অগ্রগতির প্রতীক এবং সবুজ রং রোগ দূরে রাখে, চোখকে আরাম দেয় এবং বেরিলিয়াম, তামা ও নিকেলের মতো অনেক উপাদান এতে পাওয়া যায়।

জাতীয় পতাকার নকশা

এর প্রতিটি স্ট্রিপ অনুভূমিক আকৃতির। একটি সাদা ডোরায় গাঢ় নীল অশোক চক্র তার 24টি করাত দিয়ে ত্রিবর্ণকে সজ্জিত করে। যার মধ্যে 12টি আরে মানুষের অজ্ঞতা থেকে দুঃখে রূপান্তরের প্রতীক এবং অন্য 12টি অবিদ্যা থেকে নির্বাণে (জন্ম ও মৃত্যুর চক্র থেকে মুক্তি)। পতাকার দৈর্ঘ্য ও প্রস্থের অনুপাত 3:2। জাতীয় পতাকার বৈশিষ্ট্য অনুসারে, জাতীয় পতাকা শুধুমাত্র হাতে তৈরি খাদি কাপড় থেকে তৈরি করা উচিত।

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা দেশের গর্ব, অহংকার ও অহংকার। এটি মহান পুরুষদের দ্বারা খুব যত্ন সঙ্গে ডিজাইন করা হয়েছে. যেখানে প্রতিটি রঙ ও বৃত্ত দেশের ঐক্য, অখণ্ডতা, উন্নয়ন ও সমৃদ্ধির প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে।

জাতীয় পতাকা রচনা – 2 (400 শব্দ)

“তিরাঙ্গা” নামটি নিজেই প্রস্তাব করে, তিনটি রঙ রয়েছে। আমাদের জাতীয় পতাকা তিনটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ রং দিয়ে অশোক চক্র (ধর্ম চক্র) আকারে তিরঙ্গাকে শোভিত করে। এগুলোর নিজস্ব আধ্যাত্মিক ও দার্শনিক অর্থ আছে, কিন্তু স্পষ্টভাবে বলা হয়েছে যে এর কোনো সাম্প্রদায়িক তাৎপর্য নেই। এই তেরঙার মহিমায় বলি হয়েছে বহু প্রাণ। জাতীয় পতাকার গুরুত্ব এবং এর মর্যাদা যেন সবসময় বজায় থাকে সেদিকে খেয়াল রেখে তেরঙা প্রদর্শন ও ব্যবহারে বিশেষ নিয়ন্ত্রণ রয়েছে।

ভারতীয় জাতীয় পতাকা কোড

26 জানুয়ারী 2002-এ, স্বাধীনতার এত বছর পরে, জাতীয় পতাকা কোড সংশোধন করা হয়েছিল। জাতীয় পতাকা কোডের অর্থ হল ভারতীয় পতাকা উত্তোলন এবং ব্যবহার সংক্রান্ত নির্দেশাবলী। এ সংশোধনীতে বছরের যে কোনো দিনে সাধারণ জনগণকে তাদের বাসা-বাড়ি ও অফিস-আদালতে পতাকা উত্তোলনের অনুমতি দেওয়া হলেও একই সঙ্গে পতাকার সম্মানে যাতে কোনো ক্ষতি না হয় সেদিকেও বিশেষ নজর রাখা হয়।

সুবিধার জন্য, ভারতীয় জাতীয় পতাকা কোড তিনটি ভাগে বিভক্ত।

প্রথমে পতাকার প্রতি শ্রদ্ধা জানানো হয়। দ্বিতীয় অংশে সরকারি-বেসরকারি প্রতিষ্ঠান ও শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠান ইত্যাদি কর্তৃক জাতীয় পতাকা প্রদর্শনের বিবরণ দেওয়া হয়। তৃতীয় অংশে, কেন্দ্রীয় ও রাজ্য সরকার এবং তাদের সংস্থাগুলিকে জাতীয় পতাকার ব্যবহার সম্পর্কে তথ্য দেওয়া হয়।

জাতীয় পতাকার সম্মানে

জাতীয় পতাকার গৌরব, প্রতিপত্তি, সম্মান এবং গৌরব সর্বদা বজায় রাখা উচিত, তাই ভারতীয় আইন অনুসারে, পতাকাকে সর্বদা সম্মানের সাথে দেখা উচিত এবং পতাকাটি কখনই জল এবং স্থল স্পর্শ করা উচিত নয়। এটি একটি টেবিলক্লথ হিসাবে ব্যবহার করা যাবে না, একটি মঞ্চ, একটি ভিত্তিপ্রস্তর বা একটি মূর্তি আবরণ.

দুর্গাপূজা রচনা – Essay on Durga Puja in Bengali Language
পরিবেশ দূষণ ও তার প্রতিকার রচনা

2005 এর আগে এটি পোশাক এবং ইউনিফর্ম হিসাবে ব্যবহার করা যেত না, তবে 5 জুলাই 2005 এর সংশোধনীর পরে এটি অনুমোদিত হয়েছিল। এতেও এটি কোমরের নিচে কাপড় হিসেবে এবং রুমাল ও বালিশ হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা যাবে না। পতাকা ডুবানো যাবে না এবং ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে উল্টো করে রাখা যাবে না। জাতীয় পতাকা উত্তোলন একটি নিরঙ্কুশ অধিকার, তবে এটি সংবিধানের 51A অনুচ্ছেদ অনুসারে অনুসরণ করতে হবে।

আদালতে আবেদনটি করেন শিল্পপতি নবীন জিন্দাল। যেখানে পতাকা উত্তোলনের দাবি ছিল সাধারণ নাগরিকের। এবং 2005 সালে পতাকা কোড সংশোধন করে বেসরকারি খাতে, শিক্ষা প্রতিষ্ঠান, অফিসে পতাকা উত্তোলনের অনুমতি দেওয়া হয়। তবে এর পাশাপাশি পতাকাকে পূর্ণ সম্মান জানানোর নির্দেশনা দিয়েও স্পষ্ট করা হয়েছে।

জাতীয় পতাকা রচনা – 3 (500 শব্দ)

1921 সালে মহাত্মা গান্ধী প্রথমবারের মতো কংগ্রেসের সামনে জাতীয় পতাকার বিষয়টি তুলে ধরেন। স্বাধীনতার কিছুদিন আগে পতাকাটির নকশা করেছিলেন পিঙ্গালি ভেঙ্কাইয়া। এটি 22 জুলাই 1947 তারিখে গণপরিষদের সভায় গৃহীত হয়েছিল। জাতীয় পতাকা তিনটি রঙে সজ্জিত এবং মাঝখানে 24টি করাত বিশিষ্ট একটি গাঢ় নীল চাকা রয়েছে। এই সব তাদের নিজস্ব বিশেষ অর্থ এবং গুরুত্ব আছে.

জাতীয় পতাকার ইতিহাস

1906 সালে কংগ্রেস অধিবেশনে প্রথম পতাকা উত্তোলন করা হয়, কলকাতার পার্সিবাগান চকে (গ্রিন পার্ক)। এটি 1904 সালে সিস্টার নিবেদিতা দ্বারা নির্মিত হয়েছিল। এই পতাকাটি লাল, হলুদ এবং সবুজ অনুভূমিক ডোরা দিয়ে তৈরি, উপরের সবুজ ব্যান্ডে আটটি পদ্মফুল ছিল, মাঝখানে হলুদ ডোরায় বন্দে মাতরম লেখা ছিল এবং শেষ সবুজ ডোরায় চন্দ্র ও সূর্য শোভা পাচ্ছে।
1907 সালে প্যারিসে দ্বিতীয় পতাকা উত্তোলন করেছিলেন মাদাম কামা এবং কয়েকজন বিপ্লবী। এটি পূর্বের পতাকার অনুরূপ ছিল। তার ঠিক উপরে লালের বদলে জাফরান রং রাখা হয়েছে। সপ্তর্ষি সেই জাফরান রঙে সাতটি তারার আকারে উৎকীর্ণ ছিল।
তৃতীয় পতাকা 1917 সালে, যখন ভারতের রাজনৈতিক সংগ্রাম একটি নতুন পর্বের মধ্য দিয়ে যাচ্ছিল। ডোমেস্টিক গভর্ন্যান্স আন্দোলনের সময় ডঃ অ্যানি বেসান্ট এবং লোকমান্য তিলক এটি উত্তোলন করেছিলেন। এটি পাঁচটি লাল এবং চারটি সবুজ অনুভূমিক স্ট্রাইপ দিয়ে তৈরি। যেটিতে একটি লাল স্ট্রিপ এবং তারপর একটি সবুজ স্ট্রিপ করে সমস্ত স্ট্রিপ সংযুক্ত করা হয়েছিল। বাম থেকে উপরের দিকে এক প্রান্তে একটি ইউনিয়ন জ্যাক ছিল এবং ঋষিটি বাম থেকে নীচে তির্যকভাবে তৈরি করা হয়েছিল এবং এক কোণে একটি অর্ধচন্দ্র ছিল।
চতুর্থ পতাকা এবং গান্ধীর পরামর্শ 1921 সালে, বেজওয়াড়া (বিজয়ওয়াড়া) তে অল ইন্ডিয়া কংগ্রেসের অধিবেশন চলাকালীন, অন্ধ্র প্রদেশের এক যুবক “পিঙ্গালি ভেঙ্কাইয়া” পতাকা হিসাবে একটি লাল এবং সবুজ অনুভূমিক ফিতে তৈরি করেছিলেন। যেখানে লাল ছিল হিন্দুদের বিশ্বাসের প্রতীক আর সবুজ ছিল মুসলমানদের। মহাত্মা গান্ধী পরামর্শ দিয়েছিলেন যে, অন্যান্য ধর্মের অনুভূতির প্রতি শ্রদ্ধা রেখে এতে আরেকটি রঙ যোগ করা উচিত এবং মাঝখানে একটি চরকা থাকা উচিত।
পঞ্চম পতাকা, স্বরাজ পতাকা 1931 পতাকার ইতিহাসে সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বছর ছিল। এ বছর জাতীয় পতাকা গ্রহণের প্রস্তাব করা হয় এবং জাতীয় পতাকাকে স্বীকৃতি দেওয়া হয়। এতে জাফরান, সাদা ও সবুজ রংকে গুরুত্ব দেওয়া হয়, যা বর্তমান পতাকার রূপ এবং মাঝখানে একটি চরকা তৈরি করা হয়।
ষষ্ঠ পতাকা, তেরঙা জাতীয় পতাকা হিসাবে স্বীকৃত 22 জুলাই 1947 তারিখে, অবশেষে কংগ্রেস পার্টির পতাকা (ত্রিবর্ণ) জাতীয় পতাকা (বর্তমান পতাকা) হিসাবে গৃহীত হয়। পতাকায় শুধুমাত্র চরকার স্থলে সম্রাট অশোকের ধর্ম চক্রকে স্থান দেওয়া হয়েছিল।

তেরঙার ইতিহাস স্বাধীনতা অর্জনের অনেক আগে থেকেই শুরু হয়েছিল। যেখানে সময়ে সময়ে যথাযথ বিবেচনার পর সংশোধনী আনা হয়। এটি কংগ্রেস দলের পতাকার আকারে প্রথম ছিল, কিন্তু 1947 সালে, তিরঙ্গা জাতীয় পতাকা হিসাবে গৃহীত হয়েছিল এবং এটি প্রতিটি ভারতীয়র জন্য গর্বের মুহূর্ত ছিল।

জাতীয় পতাকা রচনা – 4 (600 শব্দ)

পতাকার বেশ কিছু সংশোধনীর পর ১৯৪৭ সালে গণপরিষদের সভায় বর্তমান পতাকাকে জাতীয় পতাকা হিসেবে স্বীকৃতি দেওয়া হয়। এটি ডিজাইন করেছিলেন পিঙ্গালি ভেঙ্কাইয়া। প্রতিটি স্বাধীন দেশের নিজস্ব জাতীয় পতাকা থাকে, যা সেই দেশের প্রতীক।

মহাত্মা গান্ধী জাতীয় পতাকা তৈরিতে বিশেষ ভূমিকা পালন করেছিলেন, তাই তাঁর কথায়:

“প্রত্যেক জাতির জন্য একটি জাতীয় পতাকা থাকা বাধ্যতামূলক। এর জন্য লাখ লাখ মানুষ প্রাণ দিয়েছে। এটি একটি উপাসনা, যা ধ্বংস করা পাপ হবে। পতাকা একটি মোটিফ প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে. ইউনিয়ন জ্যাক ব্রিটিশদের মনে অনুভূতি জাগিয়ে তোলে, যার শক্তি পরিমাপ করা কঠিন। মার্কিন নাগরিকের পতাকার তারকা এবং ডোরা মানে তাদের পৃথিবী। ইসলামে একটি তারকা এবং একটি অর্ধচন্দ্রের উপস্থিতি সর্বোত্তম সাহসিকতার জন্য আহ্বান করে।” – মহাত্মা গান্ধী

তিরঙ্গার সম্মানে

একটি গল্পে বলা হয়েছে যে মহাত্মা গান্ধী পতাকার উপর চরকা রাখার পরামর্শ দিয়েছিলেন। যা সত্য, তবে চরকায় অশোক চক্রকে বেছে নেওয়া হয়েছিল। এতে গান্ধীর মনে আঘাত লাগে এবং তিনি বলেছিলেন যে আমি এই পতাকাকে স্যালুট করব না।

“ধ্বজরোহদ” প্রত্যেক ভারতীয়ের জন্য গর্বের মুহূর্ত

প্রায় 200 বছরের দাসত্ব এবং অনেক যুবক তাদের জীবন উৎসর্গ করার পরে, ভারত 1947 সালে স্বাধীনতা লাভ করে। পতাকাটি ভারতের প্রথম প্রধানমন্ত্রী পন্ডিত জওহরলাল নেহেরু 15 আগস্ট 1947 সালে লাল কেল্লার প্রাচী থেকে উত্তোলন করেছিলেন। পতাকার মর্যাদা ও সম্মান বজায় রাখা প্রত্যেক ভারতীয়ের কর্তব্য।

আকর্ষণীয় ঘটনা

1984 সালে, উইং কমান্ডার রাকেশ শর্মা চাঁদে জাতীয় পতাকা উত্তোলন করেছিলেন।
জাতীয় পতাকা উত্তোলনের সময় হল দিনের বেলা, সূর্যোদয়ের পর এবং সূর্যাস্তের আগে।
জাতীয় পতাকা তৈরিতে বিশেষভাবে হাত কাটা খাদি কাপড় ব্যবহার করা হয়।
একজন জাতীয়তাবাদীর মৃত্যুতে জাতীয় শোকে কিছু সময়ের জন্য তেরঙ্গা নিচু করা হয়।
দেশের সংসদ ভবনই একমাত্র জায়গা যেখানে একসঙ্গে তিনটি তেরঙ্গা উত্তোলন করা হয়।
দেশের জন্য জীবন উৎসর্গকারী মহাপুরুষদের মৃতদেহ মাথায় জাফরান আর পায়ে সবুজে তিরঙ্গায় মোড়ানো।
ভারত ও পাকিস্তানের আটারি সীমান্তে ৩৬০ ফুট উচ্চতায় দেশের সর্বোচ্চ পতাকা উত্তোলন করা হয়েছে।
21 ফুট বাই 14 ফুটের পতাকা সারা দেশে মাত্র তিনটি দুর্গে, কর্ণাটকের নারগুন্দ দুর্গ, মধ্যপ্রদেশের গোয়ালিয়র দুর্গ এবং মহারাষ্ট্রের পানহাল দুর্গে উত্তোলন করা হয়।
“ভারতের পতাকা কোড” ভারতীয় জাতীয় পতাকা কোড পতাকা সম্পর্কিত আইন বর্ণনা করে।
পতাকার উপর কোন ধরনের চিত্র আঁকা বা লেখা শাস্তিযোগ্য অপরাধ।
রাষ্ট্রপতি ভবনের জাদুঘরে একটি ছোট তিরঙ্গা রাখা হয়েছে, যার স্তম্ভ সোনার তৈরি এবং অন্যান্য স্থানগুলি হীরা এবং রত্ন দ্বারা শোভিত।
জাতীয় পতাকার কাছাকাছি বা উঁচুতে অন্য কোনো পতাকা ওড়ানো যাবে না।
বীরদের মৃতদেহের উপর মোড়ানো তেরঙ্গা আবার নেড়ে দেওয়া যায় না, পুড়িয়ে দেওয়া হয় বা পাথর দিয়ে বেঁধে জলে ফেলে দেওয়া হয় ইত্যাদি।

বহু বাধা পেরিয়ে তেরঙা, জাতীয় পতাকা ভারতের গর্ব। জাতীয় পতাকার অবমাননা দেশের অপমান, তাই দোষীদের শাস্তি প্রাপ্য। পতাকা অবমাননার জন্য তিন বছরের কারাদণ্ড ও অর্থদণ্ডের বিধান রয়েছে। জাতীয় পতাকা সম্পর্কিত অনেক মজার তথ্য ও নির্দেশনা রয়েছে যেমন পতাকা কীভাবে ব্যবহার করবেন, কীভাবে করবেন না, কখন পতাকা নামানো হবে ইত্যাদি, এই সমস্ত নির্দেশনা আমাদের সকলের গুরুত্ব সহকারে অনুসরণ করা উচিত।

আমাদের শেষ কথা

তাই বন্ধুরা, আমি আশা করি আপনি অবশ্যই একটি Article পছন্দ করেছেন ( জাতীয় পতাকা রচনা )। আমি সর্বদা এই কামনা করি যে আপনি সর্বদা সঠিক তথ্য পান। এই পোস্টটি সম্পর্কে আপনার যদি কোনও সন্দেহ থাকে তবে আপনাকে অবশ্যই নীচে মন্তব্য করে আমাদের জানান। শেষ অবধি, যদি আপনি Article পছন্দ করেন ( জাতীয় পতাকা রচনা – National Flag of India Essay in Bengali ), তবে অবশ্যই Article টি সমস্ত Social Media Platforms এবং আপনার বন্ধুদের সাথে Share করুন।

The national flag of Bangladesh \r\n\r\n The National Flag is in bottle green and rectangular in size in the proportion of length to width 5:3 bearing a red circle on the body of the green, the red circle has a radius of one-fifth of the length of the flag. The background green symbolizes the greenery and the youthfulness. The red disc represents the rising sun of independence after the dark night of a blood-drenched struggle. \r\n\r\n National Emblem of Bangladesh \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n The National Emblem comprises a floating shapla-Water lily over the represented water from the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. The shapla is surrounded by a paddy-stalk on either side. Three inter-linked jute leaves, with two stars on each side of which, are on the top of the shapla. \r\n\r\n \r\n\t \r\n \r\n\r\n Government Seal of Bangladesh \r\n\r\n \r\n\t \r\n \r\n\r\n National Anthem \r\n\r\n My Bengal of gold, I love you\r\n\t Forever your skies, your air set my heart in tune\r\n\t as if it were a flute.\r\n\t In spring, Oh mother mine, the fragrance from your mango groves makes me wild with joy\r\n\t Ah, what a thrill!\r\n\t What a quilt have you spread at the feet of banyan trees and along the banks of rivers!\r\n\t Oh mother mine, word from your lips are like\r\n\t Nectar to my ears!\r\n\t Ah, what a thrill!\r\n\t If sadness, Oh mother mine, casts a gloom on your face\r\n\t My eyes are filled with tears! \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\t \r\n \r\n\r\n Geography and Population \r\n\r\n Bangladesh lies between 20\u203334\u2032 and 26\u203338\u2032 North Latitude and 88\u203301\u2032 and 92\u203341\u2032 East Longitude with a total landmass of 1,47,570 square kilometers (56,977 sq. miles). Bangladesh is surrounded by India on the West, North, and Northeast, Myanmar on the Southeast, and the Bay of Bengal on the South. Bangladesh has a strategic location and acts as a bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia. It has a population of 147 million people. In other words, it is roughly the size of New York State with half the entire population of the United States crammed into this area. \r\n\r\n Topography \r\n\r\n Most of Bangladesh is at low elevations and is divided into five physical regions: (I) the Ganges Delta to the Southwest, (II) the Paradelta to the Northwest, (III) the East Central plains and the Sylhet Hills in the Northeast, and (IV) the Chittagong region in the Southeast. Bangladesh is the largest deltaic region in the world. The Ganges Delta is geologically the most recent compared with other deltas. Mangrove forests thrive in the lower delta, which is flooded by fresh tidal waters. The soil base is new alluvium. The Sundarbans to the Southwest is the largest mangrove forest in the world. The Paradelta, like the delta proper, is a plain but its elevations are higher at 100 to 300 feet above sea level. Its soils are varied \u2013 silt and sandy clays and old alluvium. It lies between the Ganges and the (Brahmaputra) Jamuna Rivers. \r\n\r\n The East Central plains, with the Meghna River almost at its center, consists of plains and active floodplains in which the main rivers, including the Brahmaputra, have altered their channels in the past. At the center of this plain lies Madhupur Forest, a former site for tiger hunting. To the Northeast is the Meghna depression, part of which is only 10 feet above sea level; during the rainy season, it turns into a huge lake, covering most of its 7,250 square kilometers (2,800 square miles) basin. Bangladesh is a riverine country and is crisscrossed by innumerable rivers, rivulets, and their tributaries. \r\n\r\n Climate \r\n\r\n Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate with heavy summer rain and high summer temperatures. Winters are dry and cool. South and Southwest winds dominate from mid-April to mid-October and bring enormous amounts of moisture from the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. 95% of the total rainfall, which averages about 80 inches (2,040 millimeters) occurs during that period. The temperatures range from an average of about 68 F (18C) in January to about 86 F (30C) in April. \r\n\r\n Seasons \r\n\r\n Bengali tradition divides the year into six seasons; Grishmo(summer), Barsha(rainy), Sarat(early autumn), Hemanta(late autumn), Sheet(winter) and Boshonto (spring). For practical purposes, however, four seasons are clearly distinguishable; Summer, Rainy, late Autumn (when harvesting takes place), and Winter. Rains begin in April accompanied by Norwester or \u2018Kalbaishakhi\u2019. It is then that farmers start tilling their land for an early crop. With the onset of monsoon in the first week of June heavy downpour starts, and the average temperature falls too low 80F. These heavy rains last for about two to three months causing floods and inundation of fields and riverbanks. The Winter is moderate while the Spring is mellow and pleasant. \r\n\r\n Bio-diversity \r\n\r\n Bangladesh enjoys a great bio-diversity in its flora and fauna. The flower \u201cShapla\u201d (nympoea-nouchali) is the national emblem, Magpie Robin (Doel) is the national bird, while the Royal Bengal Tiger is the national animal of Bangladesh which abounds in the Sunderbans, recognized as a world heritage. \r\n\r\n People \r\n\r\n Building upon firm ethnological roots and an entrepreneurial spirit as well as innovative skills, the people of Bangladesh are creating a special niche for themselves on the global plank. Given the fascinating land with a variegated history and a rich cultural tapestry, the people are endowed with a native intellect, capacity for hard work, and resilience. Bangladeshis are simple, friendly, and hospitable in nature. With a 147 million population, Bangladesh ranks as the world\u2019s 8th most populous country. It is also one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The birth rate in 2006 came down to 1.5% while the percentage of literacy rate is now over 60, the highest in South Asia after Sri Lanka. Life expectancy at birth is now over 62.4 according to the 2005 Census. The staple food of the people is rice, which is generally eaten with fish curry, and lentil. Most women in Bangladesh wear a \u201cSari\u201d, and men \u201cLungi\u201d. Bengalees descended from several racial and sub-racial groups entering South Asia over the past five thousand years. By and large, they are now a single homogenous race with one common language \u2013 Bangla. \r\n\r\n The overwhelming majority of Bangladeshis are ethnic Bengalis, comprising 98% of the population. The remainder is mostly Biharis and indigenous tribal groups. There is also a small but growing population of Rohingya refugees from Burma around Cox\u2019s Bazaar, which Bangladesh seeks to repatriate to Burma. The indigenous tribal peoples are concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in the southeast. There are 13 tribal groups located in this region, the largest being the Chakma. The Hill Tracts region has been a source of unrest and separatism since and before the inception of Bangladesh. Outside the Hill Tracts, the largest tribal groups are the Santhals and Garos (Achiks), while smaller groups include the Kaibartta, Meitei, Mundas, Oraons, and Zomi. \r\n\r\n Nearly all Bangladeshis speak Bangla as their mother tongue and it is the official language. It is an Indo-Aryan language of Sanskrit origin with its own script. English is used as a second language among the middle and upper classes. English is also widely used in higher education and the legal system. Historically, laws were written in English and translated into Bengali until 1987 when the procedure was reversed. The Bihari population speaks Urdu, which was also the language associated with the government prior to separation from Pakistan. \r\n\r\n Language \r\n\r\n Bangla, the official language, is spoken by more than 99 percent of the population but English is also generally understood and spoken particularly in urban areas. Bangla is one of the most extensively spoken languages in the world. Bengali script is derived directly from Gupta Brahmi script having a close affinity with Thai and Cambodian scripts. The origin of this script is generally traced to the 10th century AD. Bengali is a rich language capable of expressing the finest nuances of thought and feeling, a language that continuously mirrors the ever-changing play of life. \r\n\r\n Bengalees passionately love their language. While under the neocolonial subjugation, the Bengalees on February 21, 1952, shed their blood for protecting and preserving their mother tongue from the encroachment of alien language. The day has been declared by UNESCO in 1999 as the International Mother Language Day to be observed all over the world in commemoration of the Bengali language movement. Bangla is rich in poetry, short story, novel, essay, and drama. Two major Bangla poets are Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore (1863-1941), and Bangladesh\u2019s national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam (1899-1976). The latter\u2019s birth centenary was celebrated in 2000 with great acclaim. \r\n\r\n Religion \r\n\r\n Islam is the predominant religion with over 88% adherents. Hindus comprise about 10% of the population. The rest are Buddhists, Christians, and animists. People are generally pious and keen on observing their respective religious rites and festivities with fervor. Bangladesh is a model of religious harmony and tolerance. Different religious communities and groups live in peace and the minorities are well represented in all tiers of society as well as in the government machinery. \r\n\r\n Culture \r\n\r\n Reflecting the long history of the region, Bangladesh has a culture that encompasses elements both old and new. The Bengali language boasts a rich literary heritage, which Bangladesh shares with the Indian state of West Bengal. The earliest literary text in Bengali is the 8th-century Charyapada. Medieval Bengali literature was often either religious (for example, Chandidas), or adapted from other languages (for example, Alaol). Bengali literature reached its full expression in the 19th century, with its greatest icons being poets Rabindranath Tagore, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, and Kazi Nazrul Islam. Bangladesh also has a long tradition in folk literature, for example, Maimansingha Gitika, Thakurmar Jhuli, and stories related to Gopal Bhar, Birbal, and Molla Nasiruddin. \r\n\r\n The musical tradition of Bangladesh is lyrics-based (Baniprodhan), with minimal instrumental accompaniment. The Baul tradition is a distinctive element of Bengali folk music. Numerous other musical traditions exist including Gombhira, Bhatiali, and Bhawaiya, varying from one region to the next. Folk music is often accompanied by the ektara, an instrument with only one string. Other instruments include the dotara, dhol, flute, and tabla. Bangladesh also has an active heritage in North Indian classical music. Similarly, Bangladeshi dance forms draw from folk traditions, especially those of the tribal groups, as well as the broader Indian dance tradition. \r\n\r\n Bangladesh produces about 80 films a year. Mainstream Hindi films are also quite popular. Around 200 daily newspapers are published in Bangladesh, along with more than 500 periodicals. However, regular readership is low at just under 15% of the population. Bangladeshis listen to a variety of local and national radio programs like Bangladesh Betar. Four private FM radio stations named (Radio Foorti, ABC Radio, Radio Today, Radio Amar) are popular among urban youths. International Bengali language broadcasts include BBC Bangla and Voice of America. The dominant television channel is the state-owned Bangladesh Television, but in the last few years, privately owned channels have developed considerably. \r\n\r\n The culinary tradition of Bangladesh has close relations to nearby North-East Indian and Middle Eastern cuisine as well as having its own unique traits. Rice and fish are traditional favorites. Bangladeshis make distinctive sweetmeats from milk products, some common ones being R\u00f4shogolla, Rasmalai|R\u00f4shomalai,ch\u00f4mch\u00f4m and kalojam. \r\n\r\n The sari (sha\u0157i) is by far the most widely worn dress by Bangladeshi women. A guild of weavers in Dhaka is renowned for producing saris from exquisite Jamdani muslin. The salwar kameez (shaloar kamiz) is also quite popular, and in urban areas, some women wear western attire. Among men, western attire is more widely adopted. Men also wear the kurta-pajama combination, often on religious occasions, and the lungi, a kind of long skirt for men. \r\n\r\n Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha, being the most important holidays in the Islamic calendar, are the subject of major festivals. The day before Eid ul-Fitr is called Ch\u00e3d Rat(the night of the moon) and is often celebrated with firecrackers. Eid ul-Adha is celebrated in memory of the great sacrifice of Prophet Abraham. Major Hindu festivals are Durga Puja, Kali Puja and Saraswati Puja. Buddha Purnima, which marks the birth of Gautama Buddha, and Christmas, called B\u00f4\u0157odin (Great day), are both national holidays. The most important secular festival is Pohela Baishakh or Bengali New Year, the beginning of the Bengali calendar. Other festivities include Nobanno, Poush pardon (festival of Poush), and observance of national days like Shohid Dibosh and Victory Day. \r\n\r\n Time \r\n\r\n The standard time of Bangladesh is 6 hours ahead of GMT. Friday and Saturday are weekly government holidays while private offices and enterprises observe Friday as the weekly day-off and remain open on Saturday. Office hours are from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. \r\n\r\n History \r\n\r\n Bangladesh is usually called a comparatively new nation in an ancient land. It emerged as an independent country through a sanguinary and protracted War of Liberation at the cost of immense sacrifices. The history of the country is as old as it is eventful. Bangladesh was famed in ancient times as a land of bounty and affluence. Etymologically the word Bangladesh is derived from the cognate Banga, which was first mentioned in the Hindu scripture Oitery Araanyk composed between 5000 BC and 500 AD. Bangladesh is the largest wetland in the world formed by the interaction of innumerable rivers and streams; its configuration was determined and is continuously changed by these water bodies. Geological evidence indicates that much of Bangladesh was formed 1 to 6.5 million years ago during the tertiary era. Human habitation in the region is believed to be very old with its roots in the Paleolithic civilization dating back to about one hundred thousand (1,00,000) years. In the ancient age, an Austro-Asian race first inhabited the region. Then came the Dravidians from Western India and later the Aryans from Central Asia. Then followed the influx of the Mongolians, Persians, Turks, and Afghans. The mighty Gangaridai and Prasioi empires were located in Bengal. According to Greek sources of 4th century BC, the people of this deltaic region made extensive military preparations to halt the march of Alexander the Great, had he chosen to continue his Eastward advancement. \r\n\r\n Later records, inscriptions, coins, and ornaments testify to the tradition of rich heritage and civilization indicating the glorious past of Bangladesh. Because of its strategic location, Bangladesh since time immemorial served as a flourishing entry-port and intermediary in trade and commerce between South Asia and the Far East. The influence of Bengal spread far and wide and the region played a seminal role in disseminating its rich heritage and tradition, art and architecture, culture, and learning in the wider continent of Asia and beyond. History recorded that Mauryas (4th to 2nd centuries BC), the Guptas (4th to 5th century AD), the empire of Sasanka (7th century AD), the Pala dynasty (750-1162 AD), and the Senas (1162 to 1223 AD) successively held their sway here. Then followed a long chain of Muslim rule (till 1757) when this region reached the zenith of economic affluence. In fact, had there been no British conquest in 1757 Bengal would have been the first country in Asia to achieve the industrial revolution because of its excellence in the finest fabrics. The British rule, which started from Bengal, was subsequently extended to the whole of the sub-continent. When the British left the subcontinent was partitioned into two countries-India and Pakistan. Bangladesh formed the Eastern Wing of Pakistan. Though numerically in the majority, the Bengalees were treated unjustly, and very soon the movement for the autonomy of Bangladesh started because of cultural, linguistic, and ethnic differences and economic disparity, deprivation, and exploitation perpetrated by the Pakistani rulers. The disillusionment of the people of Bangladesh with the state of Pakistan began early on. \r\n\r\n The decision of the central authorities in Pakistan to opt for Urdu as the only state language of the country militated against the emotions of the Bengali-speaking people, who constituted the majority in Pakistan. The then East Pakistan rose in protest, first in 1948 and then, in a more concerted form, in 1952. The death of a number of young men resulting from Police firing on demonstrators in Dhaka on 21 February 1952 proved to be the catalyst for what eventually became the nationalist struggle of the Bengali-speaking people of Pakistan. The frustration and resentment continued and culminated in a mass upsurge in 1969. There came a sudden change over in the government \u2013 Martial Law was re-imposed. Consequently, the general elections held throughout Pakistan in 1970 gave the people of Bangladesh a remarkable opportunity to claim their rightful place in national politics. But that hope was soon to prove illusory when the military establishment refused to transfer power. Instead on the night of 25 March 1971, they embarked on a systematic policy of repression and genocide. This prompted the declaration of independence of Bangladesh on 26 March 1971. \r\n\r\n The liberation of Bangladesh on 16 December 1971 after nine months of a sustained war ushered in a new period of hope for the people of the country The Constitution of Bangladesh was framed and came into effect on 16 December 1972. Bangladesh became a member of the UN on 17 September 1974. In January 1975, the system of government was changed to a one-party Presidential from on 15 August 1975, then-President late Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed by some elements in the armed forces along with most of his family members. In the chaotic condition that followed, several national leaders and cabinet members were also killed. It was against this backdrop that late President Ziaur Rahman was called upon to take over the affairs of the state on 7 November 1975. \r\n\r\n Late President Ziaur Rahman\u2019s life was cut short in May 1981 when he was assassinated in Chittagong by a section of military officers. A coup in March 1982 forced the elected government of BNP to step down. But soon the misuse of power and corruption of the military regime caused widespread disillusionment. A relentless struggle for restoring the democratic system was launched by the national political parties and alliances, which mobilized the masses and forced the autocratic regime to step down in December 1990. \r\n\r\n The BNP under the leadership of Begum Khaleda Zia was voted to the office through the general elections organized by a neutral caretaker government in February 1991. Within months of taking over the administration, Begum Zia undertook to take the country back to a parliamentary form of government. Fresh elections were organized in February 1996 for making the necessary amendment to the Constitution to facilitate the holding of elections under a neutral caretaker administration. Following the elections of June 1996, the Awami League formed a new government, and BNP took its place in parliament as the opposition. In the general election of October 2001, Begum Khaleda Zia led a four-party alliance to victory with a clear two-thirds majority in parliament. Later in the 9th Parliament Election on December 29, 2008, under the Leadership of present Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina her party Bangladesh Awami League led grand alliance won a landslide victory with 262 seats out of 299 in the National Parliament and followed by that took an oath to form a new government on January 06, 2009. \r\n\r\n The Constitution \r\n\r\n In less than a year after Bangladesh\u2019s victory in its War of Independence, the then Prime Minister, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman presented the nation with a Constitution which was secular in character and egalitarian in nature guaranteeing full fundamental rights to all citizens irrespective of religion, caste, creed, class, and sex. In 1991, all the political parties in the opposition opted for a parliamentary system of governance in place of the existing presidential system. \r\n\r\n In 1996 the provision of holding general elections in the country under a non-party neutral caretaker government was incorporated in the Constitution. This was designed to safeguard the franchise of the people. The Constitution of Bangladesh provides for three organs \u2013 the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary \u2013 for ensuring accountability, transparency, and checks and balances of the government. All three organs function harmoniously. \r\n\r\n The Executive Branch of the Government \r\n\r\n Bangladesh switched to the parliamentary system of government in 1991. The President, elected by parliament, is the constitutional head of the Government and acts on the advice of the Prime Minister. At the initiative of the then Prime Minister, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed, held in high esteem as a neural non-party personality, was chosen as the President of the Republic. Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed was also the Acting President after the fall of the autocratic regime in December 1990 and had supervised the general elections in 1991. \r\n\r\n The Prime Minister, under the provision of the Constitution, is the Head of the Government. The Prime Minister presides over the cabinet, which is collectively responsible to Parliament. The business of the national government is carried out by various ministries and divisions, which together constitute the nerve center of the country\u2019s administration. Under these bodies lie several government agencies including departments, directorates, corporations, and other statutory bodies for executing government policies and decisions. \r\n\r\n The Legislature \r\n\r\n According to Article 65(1) of the Constitution, all legislative powers of the Republic have vested in Parliament called the Jatiya Sangsad comprising three hundred members directly elected from territorial constituencies. In addition, there are thirty reserved seats for women who are elected by an electoral college of the elected members. The Jatiya Sangsad has a tenure of five years and has to sit every two months. An elaborate committee system has been developed and bills introduced in parliament are referred to the committees for scrutiny. Contrary to the earlier practice, the concerned Minister is no longer the head of the committee, rather a Member of the Parliament heads a committee. \r\n\r\n The Prime Minister\u2019s question hour has been introduced which is televised live and the entire proceedings of the Parliament are directly relayed to provide the people an opportunity to form their own opinion without depending on any intermediary. The Prime Minister also appears before radio and television to answer questions from audiences and viewers on a wide range of subjects and on issues agitating the minds of the people. An institute of Parliamentary Practice has been set up to provide assistance to Members of Parliament in the discharge of their duties and responsibilities. \r\n\r\n The Judiciary \r\n\r\n The Government has been working for the separation of the judiciary from the executive with a view to ensuring the full independence of the judiciary. Under the present Government headed by Prime Minister Khaleda Zia, the country\u2019s judiciary enjoys full independence. The Supreme Court stands at the apex of the country\u2019s judiciary and acts as the guardian of the Constitution. It has two divisions \u2013 the Appellate Division and the High Court Division. The legal decisions of the Supreme Court are binding on all other courts. The judges of both the divisions of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president. There are subordinate courts of district and session judges which deal with civil and criminal suits. The government believes in the full freedom of the judiciary. Hence the judiciary discharges its duty and constitutional obligations freely and without any let or hindrance. \r\n\r\n A three-year project called \u201cJudicial and Legal Capacity Building\u201d with the objective of improvement of socio-economic condition, reforms of the legal system, modernization, and development of physical infrastructure of courts has been undertaken. The Government has constituted Legal Aid Committees, headed by District Judges in 61 districts, to provide legal assistance to the poor and destitute litigants. These district-level committees have been working under the National Legal Aid Committee. The Government is committed to protecting human rights. A Judicial Administration Training Institute has been formed to enhance the professional skill and standards of judicial personnel. A permanent Law Commission headed by a retired Chief Justice of Supreme Court has been constituted to update laws by suggesting necessary reforms. The Commission has already undertaken measures to recommend some new laws and re-frame some old ones. Considering the increasing number of pending cases in courts the Government has decided to set up village courts for settling litigation through negotiation called Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR). The decision of setting up of village courts in line with local tradition is a very timely step. The Public Safety Act (PSA) has been framed for taking prompt punitive action against serious offenders of public peace and security as well as for maintaining general law and order. Special Courts have been set up for the trial of persons engaged in terrorist activities. There are also some special courts like Family Law Courts, Special Tribunals, and commercial and financial courts to deal with specific cases. \r\n\r\n Local Government \r\n\r\n The Parliament has passed the Village Council Bill and District Council Bill. Through a necessary amendment to the Union Council Act, for every three wards, one seat has been kept reserved for women. Besides the reserved seats, women are also eligible for contesting in the general seats. This has opened up new avenues and opportunities for women\u2019s empowerment and flourishing women\u2019s leadership at the grassroots level. Along with initiating appropriate reforms, the local Governing bodies have also been strengthened through various other measures. \r\n\r\n Foreign Policy \r\n\r\n The foreign policy of Bangladesh is based on the principle of \u201cFriendship with All and Malice to None\u201d. \r\n\r\n Bangladesh attaches great importance to her bilateral relations with her immediate neighbors like India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. In order to consolidate relations, Bangladesh took the initiative to organize the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as early as 1985. Later on, Afghanistan also joined SAARC. Today SAARC plays an important part in the foreign policy of Bangladesh. \r\n\r\n Bangladesh also attaches importance to its relationship with countries that are members of the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC). She has developed deep relations with the USA, Canada, UK, and other countries of the EU and the Commonwealth of Nations. \r\n\r\n Since Bangladesh had been born out of a bloody war of liberation, her foreign policy is geared to oppose all forms of genocide and armed conflict. In all international fora, Bangladesh is a voice of moderation. In practical terms, she is one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping forces in the world. She has participated in many peace-keeping operations under the UN flag in many conflict zones around the globe. \r\n\r\n The foreign policy of Bangladesh largely reflects the democratic nature of her government, the free market economy she pursues, and the equitable nature of her society. All these help Bangladesh to be an engaging partner of developing countries, seeking peace and prosperity in the South Asia region and in the world. \r\n\r\n \r\n\t \r\n ","slug":"About-Bangladesh","publish_date":null,"archive_date":null,"publish":1,"is_right_side_bar":0,"site_id":2558,"created_at":"2021-11-08 12:37:05","updated_at":"2022-02-26 13:21:36","deleted_at":null,"created_by":11770,"updated_by":null,"deleted_by":null,"attachments":[],"image":null},"config":{"columns":[{"name":"title","displayName":"label.column.title","type":"text"},{"name":"body","displayName":"label.column.body","type":"html_text"},{"name":"attachments","displayName":"label.column.attachment","type":"file"},{"name":"image","displayName":"label.column.image","type":"image"}]},"content_type":{"id":16,"name":"\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be","code":"Page","is_common":0,"icon":"icon-pencil-square-o","table_name":"Np\\Contents\\Models\\Page","status":1,"config":"{\r\n \"details\": {\r\n \"columns\": [\r\n {\r\n \"name\": \"title\",\r\n \"displayName\": \"label.column.title\",\r\n \"type\": \"text\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"name\": \"body\",\r\n \"displayName\": \"label.column.body\",\r\n \"type\": \"html_text\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"name\": \"attachments\",\r\n \"displayName\": \"label.column.attachment\",\r\n \"type\": \"file\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"name\": \"image\",\r\n \"displayName\": \"label.column.image\",\r\n \"type\": \"image\"\r\n }\r\n ]\r\n }\r\n}","created_at":"2019-09-01 10:23:10","updated_at":"2021-08-05 08:55:07","deleted_at":null,"created_by":null,"updated_by":null,"deleted_by":null,"settings":[[]]},"title":""} --> About Bangladesh The national flag of Bangladesh

The National Flag is in bottle green and rectangular in size in the proportion of length to width 5:3 bearing a red circle on the body of the green, the red circle has a radius of one-fifth of the length of the flag. The background green symbolizes the greenery and the youthfulness. The red disc represents the rising sun of independence after the dark night of a blood-drenched struggle.

National Emblem of Bangladesh

The National Emblem comprises a floating shapla-Water lily over the represented water from the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. The shapla is surrounded by a paddy-stalk on either side. Three inter-linked jute leaves, with two stars on each side of which, are on the top of the shapla.

Government Seal of Bangladesh

National anthem.

My Bengal of gold, I love you Forever your skies, your air set my heart in tune as if it were a flute. In spring, Oh mother mine, the fragrance from your mango groves makes me wild with joy Ah, what a thrill! What a quilt have you spread at the feet of banyan trees and along the banks of rivers! Oh mother mine, word from your lips are like Nectar to my ears! Ah, what a thrill! If sadness, Oh mother mine, casts a gloom on your face My eyes are filled with tears!

Geography and Population

Bangladesh lies between 20″34′ and 26″38′ North Latitude and 88″01′ and 92″41′ East Longitude with a total landmass of 1,47,570 square kilometers (56,977 sq. miles). Bangladesh is surrounded by India on the West, North, and Northeast, Myanmar on the Southeast, and the Bay of Bengal on the South. Bangladesh has a strategic location and acts as a bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia. It has a population of 147 million people. In other words, it is roughly the size of New York State with half the entire population of the United States crammed into this area.

Topography

Most of Bangladesh is at low elevations and is divided into five physical regions: (I) the Ganges Delta to the Southwest, (II) the Paradelta to the Northwest, (III) the East Central plains and the Sylhet Hills in the Northeast, and (IV) the Chittagong region in the Southeast. Bangladesh is the largest deltaic region in the world. The Ganges Delta is geologically the most recent compared with other deltas. Mangrove forests thrive in the lower delta, which is flooded by fresh tidal waters. The soil base is new alluvium. The Sundarbans to the Southwest is the largest mangrove forest in the world. The Paradelta, like the delta proper, is a plain but its elevations are higher at 100 to 300 feet above sea level. Its soils are varied – silt and sandy clays and old alluvium. It lies between the Ganges and the (Brahmaputra) Jamuna Rivers.

The East Central plains, with the Meghna River almost at its center, consists of plains and active floodplains in which the main rivers, including the Brahmaputra, have altered their channels in the past. At the center of this plain lies Madhupur Forest, a former site for tiger hunting. To the Northeast is the Meghna depression, part of which is only 10 feet above sea level; during the rainy season, it turns into a huge lake, covering most of its 7,250 square kilometers (2,800 square miles) basin. Bangladesh is a riverine country and is crisscrossed by innumerable rivers, rivulets, and their tributaries.

Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate with heavy summer rain and high summer temperatures. Winters are dry and cool. South and Southwest winds dominate from mid-April to mid-October and bring enormous amounts of moisture from the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. 95% of the total rainfall, which averages about 80 inches (2,040 millimeters) occurs during that period. The temperatures range from an average of about 68 F (18C) in January to about 86 F (30C) in April.

Seasons

Bengali tradition divides the year into six seasons; Grishmo(summer), Barsha(rainy), Sarat(early autumn), Hemanta(late autumn), Sheet(winter) and Boshonto (spring). For practical purposes, however, four seasons are clearly distinguishable; Summer, Rainy, late Autumn (when harvesting takes place), and Winter. Rains begin in April accompanied by Norwester or ‘Kalbaishakhi’. It is then that farmers start tilling their land for an early crop. With the onset of monsoon in the first week of June heavy downpour starts, and the average temperature falls too low 80F. These heavy rains last for about two to three months causing floods and inundation of fields and riverbanks. The Winter is moderate while the Spring is mellow and pleasant.

Bio-diversity

Bangladesh enjoys a great bio-diversity in its flora and fauna. The flower “Shapla” (nympoea-nouchali) is the national emblem, Magpie Robin (Doel) is the national bird, while the Royal Bengal Tiger is the national animal of Bangladesh which abounds in the Sunderbans, recognized as a world heritage.

Building upon firm ethnological roots and an entrepreneurial spirit as well as innovative skills, the people of Bangladesh are creating a special niche for themselves on the global plank. Given the fascinating land with a variegated history and a rich cultural tapestry, the people are endowed with a native intellect, capacity for hard work, and resilience. Bangladeshis are simple, friendly, and hospitable in nature. With a 147 million population, Bangladesh ranks as the world’s 8th most populous country. It is also one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The birth rate in 2006 came down to 1.5% while the percentage of literacy rate is now over 60, the highest in South Asia after Sri Lanka. Life expectancy at birth is now over 62.4 according to the 2005 Census. The staple food of the people is rice, which is generally eaten with fish curry, and lentil. Most women in Bangladesh wear a “Sari”, and men “Lungi”. Bengalees descended from several racial and sub-racial groups entering South Asia over the past five thousand years. By and large, they are now a single homogenous race with one common language – Bangla.

The overwhelming majority of Bangladeshis are ethnic Bengalis, comprising 98% of the population. The remainder is mostly Biharis and indigenous tribal groups. There is also a small but growing population of Rohingya refugees from Burma around Cox’s Bazaar, which Bangladesh seeks to repatriate to Burma. The indigenous tribal peoples are concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in the southeast. There are 13 tribal groups located in this region, the largest being the Chakma. The Hill Tracts region has been a source of unrest and separatism since and before the inception of Bangladesh. Outside the Hill Tracts, the largest tribal groups are the Santhals and Garos (Achiks), while smaller groups include the Kaibartta, Meitei, Mundas, Oraons, and Zomi.

Nearly all Bangladeshis speak Bangla as their mother tongue and it is the official language. It is an Indo-Aryan language of Sanskrit origin with its own script. English is used as a second language among the middle and upper classes. English is also widely used in higher education and the legal system. Historically, laws were written in English and translated into Bengali until 1987 when the procedure was reversed. The Bihari population speaks Urdu, which was also the language associated with the government prior to separation from Pakistan.

Bangla, the official language, is spoken by more than 99 percent of the population but English is also generally understood and spoken particularly in urban areas. Bangla is one of the most extensively spoken languages in the world. Bengali script is derived directly from Gupta Brahmi script having a close affinity with Thai and Cambodian scripts. The origin of this script is generally traced to the 10th century AD. Bengali is a rich language capable of expressing the finest nuances of thought and feeling, a language that continuously mirrors the ever-changing play of life.

Bengalees passionately love their language. While under the neocolonial subjugation, the Bengalees on February 21, 1952, shed their blood for protecting and preserving their mother tongue from the encroachment of alien language. The day has been declared by UNESCO in 1999 as the International Mother Language Day to be observed all over the world in commemoration of the Bengali language movement. Bangla is rich in poetry, short story, novel, essay, and drama. Two major Bangla poets are Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore (1863-1941), and Bangladesh’s national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam (1899-1976). The latter’s birth centenary was celebrated in 2000 with great acclaim.

Islam is the predominant religion with over 88% adherents. Hindus comprise about 10% of the population. The rest are Buddhists, Christians, and animists. People are generally pious and keen on observing their respective religious rites and festivities with fervor. Bangladesh is a model of religious harmony and tolerance. Different religious communities and groups live in peace and the minorities are well represented in all tiers of society as well as in the government machinery.

Reflecting the long history of the region, Bangladesh has a culture that encompasses elements both old and new. The Bengali language boasts a rich literary heritage, which Bangladesh shares with the Indian state of West Bengal. The earliest literary text in Bengali is the 8th-century Charyapada. Medieval Bengali literature was often either religious (for example, Chandidas), or adapted from other languages (for example, Alaol). Bengali literature reached its full expression in the 19th century, with its greatest icons being poets Rabindranath Tagore, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, and Kazi Nazrul Islam. Bangladesh also has a long tradition in folk literature, for example, Maimansingha Gitika, Thakurmar Jhuli, and stories related to Gopal Bhar, Birbal, and Molla Nasiruddin.

The musical tradition of Bangladesh is lyrics-based (Baniprodhan), with minimal instrumental accompaniment. The Baul tradition is a distinctive element of Bengali folk music. Numerous other musical traditions exist including Gombhira, Bhatiali, and Bhawaiya, varying from one region to the next. Folk music is often accompanied by the ektara, an instrument with only one string. Other instruments include the dotara, dhol, flute, and tabla. Bangladesh also has an active heritage in North Indian classical music. Similarly, Bangladeshi dance forms draw from folk traditions, especially those of the tribal groups, as well as the broader Indian dance tradition.

Bangladesh produces about 80 films a year. Mainstream Hindi films are also quite popular. Around 200 daily newspapers are published in Bangladesh, along with more than 500 periodicals. However, regular readership is low at just under 15% of the population. Bangladeshis listen to a variety of local and national radio programs like Bangladesh Betar. Four private FM radio stations named (Radio Foorti, ABC Radio, Radio Today, Radio Amar) are popular among urban youths. International Bengali language broadcasts include BBC Bangla and Voice of America. The dominant television channel is the state-owned Bangladesh Television, but in the last few years, privately owned channels have developed considerably.

The culinary tradition of Bangladesh has close relations to nearby North-East Indian and Middle Eastern cuisine as well as having its own unique traits. Rice and fish are traditional favorites. Bangladeshis make distinctive sweetmeats from milk products, some common ones being Rôshogolla, Rasmalai|Rôshomalai,chômchôm and kalojam.

The sari (shaŗi) is by far the most widely worn dress by Bangladeshi women. A guild of weavers in Dhaka is renowned for producing saris from exquisite Jamdani muslin. The salwar kameez (shaloar kamiz) is also quite popular, and in urban areas, some women wear western attire. Among men, western attire is more widely adopted. Men also wear the kurta-pajama combination, often on religious occasions, and the lungi, a kind of long skirt for men.

Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha, being the most important holidays in the Islamic calendar, are the subject of major festivals. The day before Eid ul-Fitr is called Chãd Rat(the night of the moon) and is often celebrated with firecrackers. Eid ul-Adha is celebrated in memory of the great sacrifice of Prophet Abraham. Major Hindu festivals are Durga Puja, Kali Puja and Saraswati Puja. Buddha Purnima, which marks the birth of Gautama Buddha, and Christmas, called Bôŗodin (Great day), are both national holidays. The most important secular festival is Pohela Baishakh or Bengali New Year, the beginning of the Bengali calendar. Other festivities include Nobanno, Poush pardon (festival of Poush), and observance of national days like Shohid Dibosh and Victory Day.

The standard time of Bangladesh is 6 hours ahead of GMT. Friday and Saturday are weekly government holidays while private offices and enterprises observe Friday as the weekly day-off and remain open on Saturday. Office hours are from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Bangladesh is usually called a comparatively new nation in an ancient land. It emerged as an independent country through a sanguinary and protracted War of Liberation at the cost of immense sacrifices. The history of the country is as old as it is eventful. Bangladesh was famed in ancient times as a land of bounty and affluence. Etymologically the word Bangladesh is derived from the cognate Banga, which was first mentioned in the Hindu scripture Oitery Araanyk composed between 5000 BC and 500 AD. Bangladesh is the largest wetland in the world formed by the interaction of innumerable rivers and streams; its configuration was determined and is continuously changed by these water bodies. Geological evidence indicates that much of Bangladesh was formed 1 to 6.5 million years ago during the tertiary era. Human habitation in the region is believed to be very old with its roots in the Paleolithic civilization dating back to about one hundred thousand (1,00,000) years. In the ancient age, an Austro-Asian race first inhabited the region. Then came the Dravidians from Western India and later the Aryans from Central Asia. Then followed the influx of the Mongolians, Persians, Turks, and Afghans. The mighty Gangaridai and Prasioi empires were located in Bengal. According to Greek sources of 4th century BC, the people of this deltaic region made extensive military preparations to halt the march of Alexander the Great, had he chosen to continue his Eastward advancement.

Later records, inscriptions, coins, and ornaments testify to the tradition of rich heritage and civilization indicating the glorious past of Bangladesh. Because of its strategic location, Bangladesh since time immemorial served as a flourishing entry-port and intermediary in trade and commerce between South Asia and the Far East. The influence of Bengal spread far and wide and the region played a seminal role in disseminating its rich heritage and tradition, art and architecture, culture, and learning in the wider continent of Asia and beyond. History recorded that Mauryas (4th to 2nd centuries BC), the Guptas (4th to 5th century AD), the empire of Sasanka (7th century AD), the Pala dynasty (750-1162 AD), and the Senas (1162 to 1223 AD) successively held their sway here. Then followed a long chain of Muslim rule (till 1757) when this region reached the zenith of economic affluence. In fact, had there been no British conquest in 1757 Bengal would have been the first country in Asia to achieve the industrial revolution because of its excellence in the finest fabrics. The British rule, which started from Bengal, was subsequently extended to the whole of the sub-continent. When the British left the subcontinent was partitioned into two countries-India and Pakistan. Bangladesh formed the Eastern Wing of Pakistan. Though numerically in the majority, the Bengalees were treated unjustly, and very soon the movement for the autonomy of Bangladesh started because of cultural, linguistic, and ethnic differences and economic disparity, deprivation, and exploitation perpetrated by the Pakistani rulers. The disillusionment of the people of Bangladesh with the state of Pakistan began early on.

The decision of the central authorities in Pakistan to opt for Urdu as the only state language of the country militated against the emotions of the Bengali-speaking people, who constituted the majority in Pakistan. The then East Pakistan rose in protest, first in 1948 and then, in a more concerted form, in 1952. The death of a number of young men resulting from Police firing on demonstrators in Dhaka on 21 February 1952 proved to be the catalyst for what eventually became the nationalist struggle of the Bengali-speaking people of Pakistan. The frustration and resentment continued and culminated in a mass upsurge in 1969. There came a sudden change over in the government – Martial Law was re-imposed. Consequently, the general elections held throughout Pakistan in 1970 gave the people of Bangladesh a remarkable opportunity to claim their rightful place in national politics. But that hope was soon to prove illusory when the military establishment refused to transfer power. Instead on the night of 25 March 1971, they embarked on a systematic policy of repression and genocide. This prompted the declaration of independence of Bangladesh on 26 March 1971.

The liberation of Bangladesh on 16 December 1971 after nine months of a sustained war ushered in a new period of hope for the people of the country The Constitution of Bangladesh was framed and came into effect on 16 December 1972. Bangladesh became a member of the UN on 17 September 1974. In January 1975, the system of government was changed to a one-party Presidential from on 15 August 1975, then-President late Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed by some elements in the armed forces along with most of his family members. In the chaotic condition that followed, several national leaders and cabinet members were also killed. It was against this backdrop that late President Ziaur Rahman was called upon to take over the affairs of the state on 7 November 1975.

Late President Ziaur Rahman’s life was cut short in May 1981 when he was assassinated in Chittagong by a section of military officers. A coup in March 1982 forced the elected government of BNP to step down. But soon the misuse of power and corruption of the military regime caused widespread disillusionment. A relentless struggle for restoring the democratic system was launched by the national political parties and alliances, which mobilized the masses and forced the autocratic regime to step down in December 1990.

The BNP under the leadership of Begum Khaleda Zia was voted to the office through the general elections organized by a neutral caretaker government in February 1991. Within months of taking over the administration, Begum Zia undertook to take the country back to a parliamentary form of government. Fresh elections were organized in February 1996 for making the necessary amendment to the Constitution to facilitate the holding of elections under a neutral caretaker administration. Following the elections of June 1996, the Awami League formed a new government, and BNP took its place in parliament as the opposition. In the general election of October 2001, Begum Khaleda Zia led a four-party alliance to victory with a clear two-thirds majority in parliament. Later in the 9th Parliament Election on December 29, 2008, under the Leadership of present Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina her party Bangladesh Awami League led grand alliance won a landslide victory with 262 seats out of 299 in the National Parliament and followed by that took an oath to form a new government on January 06, 2009.

The Constitution

In less than a year after Bangladesh’s victory in its War of Independence, the then Prime Minister, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman presented the nation with a Constitution which was secular in character and egalitarian in nature guaranteeing full fundamental rights to all citizens irrespective of religion, caste, creed, class, and sex. In 1991, all the political parties in the opposition opted for a parliamentary system of governance in place of the existing presidential system.

In 1996 the provision of holding general elections in the country under a non-party neutral caretaker government was incorporated in the Constitution. This was designed to safeguard the franchise of the people. The Constitution of Bangladesh provides for three organs – the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary – for ensuring accountability, transparency, and checks and balances of the government. All three organs function harmoniously.

The Executive Branch of the Government

Bangladesh switched to the parliamentary system of government in 1991. The President, elected by parliament, is the constitutional head of the Government and acts on the advice of the Prime Minister. At the initiative of the then Prime Minister, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed, held in high esteem as a neural non-party personality, was chosen as the President of the Republic. Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed was also the Acting President after the fall of the autocratic regime in December 1990 and had supervised the general elections in 1991.

The Prime Minister, under the provision of the Constitution, is the Head of the Government. The Prime Minister presides over the cabinet, which is collectively responsible to Parliament. The business of the national government is carried out by various ministries and divisions, which together constitute the nerve center of the country’s administration. Under these bodies lie several government agencies including departments, directorates, corporations, and other statutory bodies for executing government policies and decisions.

The Legislature

According to Article 65(1) of the Constitution, all legislative powers of the Republic have vested in Parliament called the Jatiya Sangsad comprising three hundred members directly elected from territorial constituencies. In addition, there are thirty reserved seats for women who are elected by an electoral college of the elected members. The Jatiya Sangsad has a tenure of five years and has to sit every two months. An elaborate committee system has been developed and bills introduced in parliament are referred to the committees for scrutiny. Contrary to the earlier practice, the concerned Minister is no longer the head of the committee, rather a Member of the Parliament heads a committee.

The Prime Minister’s question hour has been introduced which is televised live and the entire proceedings of the Parliament are directly relayed to provide the people an opportunity to form their own opinion without depending on any intermediary. The Prime Minister also appears before radio and television to answer questions from audiences and viewers on a wide range of subjects and on issues agitating the minds of the people. An institute of Parliamentary Practice has been set up to provide assistance to Members of Parliament in the discharge of their duties and responsibilities.

The Judiciary

The Government has been working for the separation of the judiciary from the executive with a view to ensuring the full independence of the judiciary. Under the present Government headed by Prime Minister Khaleda Zia, the country’s judiciary enjoys full independence. The Supreme Court stands at the apex of the country’s judiciary and acts as the guardian of the Constitution. It has two divisions – the Appellate Division and the High Court Division. The legal decisions of the Supreme Court are binding on all other courts. The judges of both the divisions of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president. There are subordinate courts of district and session judges which deal with civil and criminal suits. The government believes in the full freedom of the judiciary. Hence the judiciary discharges its duty and constitutional obligations freely and without any let or hindrance.

A three-year project called “Judicial and Legal Capacity Building” with the objective of improvement of socio-economic condition, reforms of the legal system, modernization, and development of physical infrastructure of courts has been undertaken. The Government has constituted Legal Aid Committees, headed by District Judges in 61 districts, to provide legal assistance to the poor and destitute litigants. These district-level committees have been working under the National Legal Aid Committee. The Government is committed to protecting human rights. A Judicial Administration Training Institute has been formed to enhance the professional skill and standards of judicial personnel. A permanent Law Commission headed by a retired Chief Justice of Supreme Court has been constituted to update laws by suggesting necessary reforms. The Commission has already undertaken measures to recommend some new laws and re-frame some old ones. Considering the increasing number of pending cases in courts the Government has decided to set up village courts for settling litigation through negotiation called Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR). The decision of setting up of village courts in line with local tradition is a very timely step. The Public Safety Act (PSA) has been framed for taking prompt punitive action against serious offenders of public peace and security as well as for maintaining general law and order. Special Courts have been set up for the trial of persons engaged in terrorist activities. There are also some special courts like Family Law Courts, Special Tribunals, and commercial and financial courts to deal with specific cases.

Local Government

The Parliament has passed the Village Council Bill and District Council Bill. Through a necessary amendment to the Union Council Act, for every three wards, one seat has been kept reserved for women. Besides the reserved seats, women are also eligible for contesting in the general seats. This has opened up new avenues and opportunities for women’s empowerment and flourishing women’s leadership at the grassroots level. Along with initiating appropriate reforms, the local Governing bodies have also been strengthened through various other measures.

Foreign Policy

The foreign policy of Bangladesh is based on the principle of “Friendship with All and Malice to None”.

Bangladesh attaches great importance to her bilateral relations with her immediate neighbors like India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. In order to consolidate relations, Bangladesh took the initiative to organize the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as early as 1985. Later on, Afghanistan also joined SAARC. Today SAARC plays an important part in the foreign policy of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh also attaches importance to its relationship with countries that are members of the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC). She has developed deep relations with the USA, Canada, UK, and other countries of the EU and the Commonwealth of Nations.

Since Bangladesh had been born out of a bloody war of liberation, her foreign policy is geared to oppose all forms of genocide and armed conflict. In all international fora, Bangladesh is a voice of moderation. In practical terms, she is one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping forces in the world. She has participated in many peace-keeping operations under the UN flag in many conflict zones around the globe.

The foreign policy of Bangladesh largely reflects the democratic nature of her government, the free market economy she pursues, and the equitable nature of her society. All these help Bangladesh to be an engaging partner of developing countries, seeking peace and prosperity in the South Asia region and in the world.

Bangladesh National Flag, the History and Right Measurement

National flag of bangladesh and history.

Our first national flag was planned by a section of student leaders and activists of Swadheen Bangla Nucleus on 6 June 1970, which had a yellow map of the country inside the red circle. The first flag was designed by students of Dhaka University and their name: Kazi Aref Ahmed, ASM Abdur Rab, Shahjahan Siraj, Manirul Islam (Marshal Moni), Swapan Kumar Choudhury, Quamrul Alam Khan (Khasru), Hasanul Haq Inu, Yousuf Salahuddin Ahmed and few others. The map was later deleted from the flag by the order of General Abul Manzur, most likely to simplify the design.

On 2 March 1971, the original flag was hoisted in Bangladesh for the first time at the Dhaka University by student leader A. S. M. Abdur Rab, then Vice President of Dhaka University Students’ Union (DUCSU). On the announcement of freedom on 26 March 1971, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman flew the flag in his residence.

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Almost everything you wanted to know about Bangladesh

Flag of Bangladesh

Flag adopted 13 January 1972, coat of arms adopted February 1971.

The national flag is bottle green in color and rectangular in size with the length to width ratio of 10:6 bearing a red circle on the body of the green. The red circle has a radius of one fifth of the length of the flag. Its center is placed on the middle of the perpendicular drawn from the nine twentieth part of the flag. The background color symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh with its vitality and youthfulness while the red disc represents the rising sun and the sacrifice our people made to obtain our independence .

The Historical Flag

This is the first flag of the independence movement. Initially, the flag had a map of Bangladesh in gold at the center of the red circle. This was the original design of the flag of Bangladesh under which the valiant freedom fighters fought during our liberation war. On the 3rd of March 1971, ASM Abdur Rab, the then Vice President of Dhaka University Students´ Union, hoisted the flag for the first time at the historic Dhaka University location known as bawt-tawla . This flag was also raised at the then Ramna Racecourse (now a park renamed as Shuhrawardy Uddayan) when Bangobandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman gave his historic speech proclaiming “this struggle is the struggle for liberation”.

Flag Construction

The approximate color shades are: Green: CMYK 100-0-70-40, Pantone 342c Red: CMYK 0-100-80-5, no Pantone given.

(by Zeljko Heimer, courtesy Flags of the World )

Civil Ensign

The President’s Flag

Military Flags and Pennants

All following images are by Zeljko Heimer, courtesy Flags of the World )

Naval Ensign

Chief of Naval Staff Flag

Airforce Flag

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From its founding in 1949, the Awami League was the expression of Bengali nationalism in the territory then known as East Pakistan. Following elections in December 1970, which the league won, the military ruler of Pakistan canceled the National Assembly. Opposition to this by the Awami League led to the creation of a national flag for the Bengali homeland, Bangladesh . The flag of Bangladesh, like that of Pakistan , is dark green. This is a symbol of the Islamic faith of most of the population. Bengalis officially have a secular state, however, and therefore have defined the green as a symbol of the rich vegetation of their country and of the hope placed in their youth.

The first flag, designed by a student named Serajul Alam, bore a red disk in the centre with a gold silhouette map of East Pakistan. When Mujibur Rahman (Sheikh Mujib), the leader of the Awami League, spoke out in favour of Bengali autonomy in March 1971, the new flag was displayed behind him. Pakistan soon undertook repressive measures and arrested Mujib, who responded by calling upon Bengalis to proclaim independence. With the support of Indian troops in December, the Bengalis were successful in their struggle, and a new government was proclaimed in January. On January 13, 1972, the national flag was modified. The silhouette map of the land was eliminated, and the red disk was shifted slightly off-centre toward the hoist. The symbolism of the red was defined as the blood shed by Bengalis in their fight for independence. The disk was said to be a symbol of “the rising sun of a new country.”

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Watch CBS News

Details emerge after doctor raped and murdered in India as thousands protest

August 15, 2024 / 6:32 AM EDT / CBS/AFP

Thousands took to the streets of Kolkata early Thursday to condemn the rape and murder of a local doctor , demanding justice for the victim and an end to the chronic issue of violence against women in Indian society.

The discovery of the 31-year-old's brutalized body last week at a state-run hospital has sparked nationwide protests, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi demanding swift punishment for those who commit "monstrous" deeds against women.

Large crowds marched through the streets of Kolkata in West Bengal to condemn the killing, with a candlelight rally at midnight coinciding with the start of India's independence day celebrations on Thursday.

The protesters in Kolkata, who marched under the slogan "reclaim the night", called for a wider tackling of violence against women and held up handwritten signs demanding action.

"We want justice," read one sign at the rally. "Hang the rapist, save the women," read another.

Citizen Protest Against Rape And Murder Of Doctor In Kolkata On The Eve Of 78th Indian Independence Day.

"The atrocities against women do not stop," midnight marcher Monalisa Guha told Kolkata's The Telegraph newspaper.

"We face harassment almost on a daily basis," another marcher, Sangeeta Halder, told the daily. "But not stepping out because of fear is not the solution."

"Monstrous behavior against women"

Modi, speaking in New Delhi on Thursday morning at independence day celebrations, did not specifically reference the Kolkata murder, but expressed his "pain" at violence against women.

"There is anger for atrocities committed against our mothers and sisters, there is anger in the nation about that," he said.

"Crimes against women should be quickly investigated; monstrous behavior against women should be severely and quickly punished," he added. "That is essential for creating deterrence and confidence in the society."

Doctors are also demanding swift justice and better workplace security in the wake of the killing, with those in government hospitals across several states on Monday halting elective services "indefinitely" in protest.

Protests have since occurred in several other hospitals across the country, including in the capital.

"Doctors nationwide are questioning what is so difficult about enacting a law for our security," Dhruv Chauhan, from the Indian Medical Association's Junior Doctors' Network, told the Press Trust of India news agency. "The strike will continue until all demands are formally met."

The Telegraph on Thursday praised the "spirited public protests" across India.

"Hearteningly, doctors and medical organizations are not the only ones involved," it said in an editorial. "The ranks of the protesters have been swelled by people from all walks of life."

Police accused of mishandling case

Indian media have reported the murdered doctor was found in the teaching hospital's seminar hall, suggesting she had gone there for a brief rest during a long shift.

An autopsy has confirmed sexual assault, and in a petition to the court, the victim's parents have said that they suspected their daughter was gang-raped, according to Indian broadcaster NDTV.

Though police have detained a man who worked at the hospital helping people navigate busy queues, officers have been accused of mishandling the case.

Kolkata's High Court on Tuesday transferred the case to the elite Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to "inspire public confidence."

In the early hours of Thursday, a mob of some 40 people angry at authorities' handling of the case stormed the grounds of the R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, the site of the murder.

The men smashed property and hurled stones at police, who fired tear gas in response, authorities said.

West Bengal lawmaker Abhishek Banerjee, from the Trinamool Congress party, condemned the "hooliganism and vandalism," but said "the demands of the protesting doctors are fair and justified."

History of sexual violence in India

Sexual violence against women is a widespread problem in India. An average of nearly 90 rapes a day were reported in India in 2022, according to data from the National Crime Records Bureau.

That year, police arrested 11 people after the alleged brutal gang rape and torture of a young woman that included her being paraded through the streets of Dehli. Also in 2022, a police officer in India was arrested after being accused of raping a 13-year-old girl who went to his station to report she had been gang-raped.

In March 2024, multiple Indian men were arrested after the gang rape of a Spanish tourist on a motorbike trip with her husband.

For many, the gruesome nature of the attack has invoked comparisons with the horrific 2012 gang rape and murder of a young woman on a Delhi bus.

The woman became a symbol of the socially conservative country's failure to tackle sexual violence against women.

Her death sparked huge, and at times violent, demonstrations in Delhi and elsewhere.

Under pressure, the government introduced harsher penalties for rapists, and the death penalty for repeat offenders.

Several new sexual offences were also introduced, including stalking and jail sentences for officials who failed to register rape complaints.

Sexual Violence

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Where Students Run the Streets: Bangladesh in Limbo

The young protesters who felled an autocrat are now cabinet ministers and traffic cops, trying to restore order and chart a new future for a nation of 170 million.

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A man holds his left hand up as he directs traffic at an intersection. Behind him are cycle rickshaws, motorcycles and small trucks.

By Mujib Mashal and Saif Hasnat

Photographs by Atul Loke

Reporting from Dhaka, Bangladesh

The two black V.I.P. vehicles, their hoods adorned with Bangladesh’s national flag according to state protocol, idled late one recent evening in a ground-floor parking lot at the University of Dhaka.

The cars were waiting for two students, both 26. Just a week before, they were hounded leaders of a youth-driven popular uprising against the country’s seemingly unbreakable prime minister. Now, after her astonishing ouster, the two are cabinet ministers in the country’s interim government.

Inside the parking lot, young women and men milled around these unlikeliest of government officials, asking questions and posing for selfies. On a pillar at the entrance, spray-painted graffiti declared the moment: “Revolution is not a dinner party.”

Outside, the streets of this country of 170 million people are run by students.

After overcoming a deadly crackdown and toppling Bangladesh’s iron-fisted leader, Sheikh Hasina, the student protesters are now seeking to set a new course for a nation born in bloody rupture five decades ago and marked by political violence ever since.

The magnitude of their task is not lost on anyone. Not on the young leaders and mobilizers themselves, who have been surprised by what they have achieved and are scrambling to protect the spaces that have fallen into their hands.

Ms. Hasina’s power had grown so all-consuming that her departure triggered a near-total collapse of the state. A wave of violence, including revenge killings and arson, persisted after her departure, with the country’s long-persecuted Hindu minority, in particular, gripped with fear . Almost all of the country’s police officers went into hiding, afraid of reprisals for the force’s role in the deaths of hundreds of young protesters.

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Chuck Todd: Democrats' salute to Biden papers over a complicated place in history

President Joe Biden bids farewell to his party Monday night. And whatever he says, he will get a rousing reception for one simple and deeply unusual reason: He’s no longer Democrats’ standard-bearer, and they are relieved he saw the political writing on the wall and passed the baton to someone who might have a better chance to defeat former President Donald Trump .

Despite the cheers, let’s not pretend this isn’t an awkward and bittersweet moment for Biden. I’ve spent my entire professional life (over 30 years now) tracking, reporting on and watching Biden find a path to the Oval Office. I saw him try and fail … a lot. It was clearly his Holy Grail. No matter how many ways his ambition for the presidency went sideways, he always wanted to come back and try again.

And despite all the failures, his candidacies always were compelling. He was always a candidate worth gravitating toward for many reporters for one simple reason: He told you everything he was thinking, even stuff you’d never expect him to say. Before Trump showed up and completely transformed the world of political etiquette and rhetoric, Biden was seen as unfiltered in a mostly net-positive way.

There’s a reason no other Democrat has appeared on “Meet the Press” more than Joe Biden, and it’s not just his longevity in politics — he was a guest worth booking since he might actually express his actual thoughts, rather than come armed with just predictable talking points.

There’s no greater example of this than his appearance in 2012, when he leaned forward on same-sex marriage before his running mate, the sitting president, was ready to do the same.

One thing my predecessors and I learned interviewing Biden over the years is that he took every question he was asked seriously (even the dumb ones) and wanted to impress his interlocutors by also trying to answer whatever subtext was being implied. He loves being a political insider as much as he loves being a campaigner. In short, he loves the game. He loves to know who’s up, who’s down and who’s coming. Talking with Biden off the record was like talking with a fellow political reporter — he was that informed about what was happening. Frankly, that Joe Biden has been missing for nearly six years. And it’s why many of us reporters — before many elected Democrats went public — were among the first to question whether he was up for another four years. He wasn’t behaving like the Biden we had all covered for decades.

To this day, I’m not sure what the truth is about Biden and the hermetically sealed bubble his staff created for him. What clearly started as a necessary concern over Covid became a crutch to keep Biden from being Biden. Maybe staffers knew something we didn’t, or maybe they just didn’t know or appreciate his best attribute.

Biden built a reservoir of goodwill with many political professionals over the years because he said what he meant and meant what he said. It’s perhaps why there were plenty of public defenders of his lackluster public appearances for parts of his presidency, because those people were still remembering the Biden with whom they used to interact.

It’s why there was also a lot of head-scratching about the White House staff’s apparent overprotection of Biden, because it appeared to be knee-capping the president’s best attribute: his affability.

In politics, that’s an attribute in very short supply. The staff appeared to be more concerned about the unfiltered part of Biden’s reputation, especially because as he aged, the filter worked even less.

But that concern took away his connection with the public. The detachment only reinforced the charge that Biden wasn’t up to the job. And maybe that’s the real answer.

Ultimately, when Biden stews about being pushed aside, he will have to look in the mirror and ask whether he was honest with himself about his ability to run for another term as president — or whether his family and his staff hurt him more under the guise of trying to protect him. Either he was up to the task and his staff never gave him a chance to prove it, or he wasn’t up to the job and his staff wasn’t honest with him.Here’s a known unknown: Had Biden interacted more with the public and the media more frequently, would that have gotten the country, the party and the media used to “Grandpa Joe”? By overprotecting him and limiting his unscripted public moments, did the White House team end up raising the stakes for the few moments he did participate in, culminating in a disastrous debate performance? A president who had spent more time dealing with unscripted moments might have been in better shape on debate night even while feeling ill. But that’s not the reality.

The reality is this: Joe Biden is going to be a one-term president, and history judges one-term presidents quite harshly. With the possible exception of those historians who pine for the days of James Polk, who kept to a one-term pledge, every other one-term president in our republic’s history became a one-termer because of a harsh verdict from either voters or party leaders.

A lot of folks besides the first family are trying to shape Biden’s place in history. Former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi went so far as to suggest Biden might belong on Mount Rushmore. It’s hard to take her suggestion seriously, of course — it strikes me as a party leader’s trying to appease an old friend who she knows is angry over the role she played leading the charge to get him out of the race.

Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz said Biden was the best president of his lifetime. Walz is 60, born in 1964, less than six months into Lyndon Johnson’s term in office. How many Americans would rank Biden ahead of Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton or Barack Obama?

The point is that the Democratic Party is awash in hyperbole regarding Biden as the party lays out emotional padding for a soft landing justifying his unusual exit. Whether true or not, on a human level, it’s the right thing to do. Nobody wants to see their life’s work (and Biden spent nearly his entire adult life trying to get to the presidency) just tossed away in history’s dustbin.

It is also fascinating that so many Democrats believe they need to publicly express over-the-top affection for Biden that seems to rival some of the over-the-top rhetoric elected Republicans have used to describe Trump’s one term.

Biden is going to be a one-term president because the public lost confidence in him, period. Some people may have liked him and wanted the Biden from the Obama years but lost confidence in this version of Biden’s being able to the job. Others may have lost confidence in him because they thought he was guided too much by the progressive left. Still others may have lost confidence in him simply because he didn’t successfully put Trump in the ash heap of history. Despite his victory in 2020, Biden’s presidency wasn’t successful enough to make the GOP decide to move on from Trump.

Perhaps expectations that Biden would be able to get the country to turn the page on Trump were too great — though Biden did feed those expectations himself. But it does mean the country’s expectations weren’t met.

The long-term question for Biden’s legacy is whether there’s anything he did that any Democratic president wouldn’t have done. Is there anything he accomplished that was unique to Biden?

Unlike Clinton or Obama, Joe Biden wasn’t a president who tried to move the party in a particular direction — beyond forward, from Trump and the coronavirus pandemic alike. Clinton moved the Democratic Party to the right, especially on security issues (both foreign and domestic), as well as on fiscal issues. Before Clinton, Democrats won the popular vote only three times in 40 years: 1960, 1964 and 1976. Since Clinton, Democrats have won the popular vote all but once (2004).

As for Obama, he helped move the mainstream of the Democratic Party from center-left to simply left. Basically, he helped redefine the country from being “center-right” to being simply “center.” Since Obama, the number of people comfortable identifying as liberal has consistently gone up.

Biden split the difference between his two Democratic predecessors, which inside the Democratic Party (and in the age of Trump) was the safe thing to do. He minimized intraparty rifts, and that, as a party leader, might be the most positive part of his legacy. If there’s one consistent criticism of both Clinton and Obama, it’s that they were too focused on shifting the party in their direction, while Biden was the first Democratic president since LBJ who seemed to prioritize the party as a coalition over himself.

And that’s at the core of why so many Democrats in Chicago will be cheering Biden. He was a party leader who accepted the idea that he wasn’t bigger than the party. That’s no easy thing for any president to do. Most presidents get to the office by having too much self-confidence — and that’s not to say Biden lacks self-confidence. But he’s reality-based enough to make admissions like the one he made last week, when he said his continued candidacy could have ripped his party apart down the ballot and that wasn’t something he wanted to be his legacy.

His place in history will have everything to do with not just the outcome this November but also the outcome of the next presidential term. The more successful Harris is, the better for Biden’s legacy. A two-term Harris presidency would be the ideal outcome for those hoping Biden is eventually lionized, since that would mean she was able to oversee the implementation of Biden’s legislative achievements and, potentially, that those policies are popular over the years to come.

If Trump wins this November, Biden’s legacy gets a lot more complicated. On one hand, his most devoted loyalists would whisper “told you so,” since some of them had argued Biden was the one Democrat uniquely suited to beat Trump. But I suspect there would be louder voices in the party who would most likely blame Biden for a Harris loss even more than they blamed Harris. The argument would be that if he had gotten out sooner, there might have been a chance to nominate a stronger ticket. Harris will always owe Biden, and, in turn, Biden will get blame for her failures — and reflected glory if she succeeds, since he picked her to be his running mate.

Bottom line: Biden’s legacy depends on whether Trump and Trumpism succeed or fail at the ballot box going forward. If this is the election that finally does push Trump out of U.S. politics and into U.S. history, Biden will be seen as a successful transitional president, akin to a Harry Truman or even a George H.W. Bush.

But any return of Trump or Trumpism would reflect poorly on him. There’s no sugar-coating it.

Echoes of a more divided time in America

There are so many near-historical anomalies with this election. And I say “near” because, while so many things about the switch from Biden to Harris seem unprecedented, they aren’t. Even the possibility of having three one-term presidents in a row isn’t unprecedented.

Here are just a few of the near-unprecedented outcomes we could see with this election.

A Harris victory would mean a one-term president was succeeded by someone from the same party, which has happened only two other times: once by the Democrats (Franklin Pierce to James Buchanan, not exactly two of the party’s best and brightest) and once by the Republicans (Rutherford B. Hayes to James Garfield).

To me, it’s no accident we have to go back to the divisive times of the 1850s to the 1890s to find similarities to the politics we are experiencing today.

A Trump victory would be the second-ever comeback by a defeated president (the first was Grover Cleveland … in the 1890s).

And if you are wondering when was the last time we had two or more one-term presidents in a row, you’d be right if you guessed that it took place in that same tumultuous period. Before the Civil War and the rise of Abe Lincoln, the U.S. had six consecutive one-term presidents. And after Ulysses S. Grant, we had five consecutive one-term presidents until William McKinley.

We can hope it doesn’t take an actual civil war or a near-civil war to get out of this current period of polarization. But it’s sobering to realize that today’s political tumult looks a lot like what happened in the last half of the 19th century.

Chuck Todd is NBC News' chief political analyst and the former moderator of " Meet The Press ."

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বিভিন্ন বিষয়ের উপর বাংলা রচনা | bengali essay online.

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9. বাংলাদেশের নদ নদী | Bangladesher Nod Nodi Essay

10. আমার প্রিয় গ্রন্থ । আমার প্রিয় বই | amar priyo grontho essay in bengali

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জাতীয় পতাকা
Essay on national flag in English |10 lines on national flag of India
National flag rachana
ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಧ್ವಜ
জাতীয় পতাকা
national-flag-essay-in-hindi

COMMENTS

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা
ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা হল কেন্দ্রস্থলে ২৪টি দণ্ডযুক্ত ঘন নীল ...
ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা
National Flag of India Details in Bengali :: জাতীয় পতাকাঃ ... West Bengal Police Constable Previous 5 Years Question Papers in Bengali PDF West Bengal Police Constable Previous 5 Years Question Papers i... WBPSC Food SI Previous Year Question Papers PDF.
Paragraph: Our National Flag বাংলা অর্থসহ (PDF)
To gain independence a country has to struggle a lot. However, Bangladesh is an independent country. We have a national flag like other free countries. It reminds us the freedom fighters of our country who has dedicated their lives for our country. Our national flag is made by cotton or silk. Its shape is rectangular and it is 10: 6 in proportion.
ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা ৷৷বাংলা রচনা ৷৷ Indian National Flag paragraph in
@LearnersStudio#bangla_rochona#bengali_paragraphভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা ৷৷বাংলা রচনা ৷৷ Indian National Flag paragraph in ...
Paragraph on Our National Flag
The national flag of Bangladesh is rectangular in shape having a proportion of 10:6 or 5:3. There are 2 colours in our flag - green and red. The green colour of our flag stands for everlasting youth, vigour, and freshness of the nation. It also symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh.
Our National Flag (Paragraph / Composition / Essay)
Paragraph Writing. Our National Flag. The flag which denotes the freedom and sovereignty of a nation is known as a national flag. The national flag of Bangladesh is bottle green in color and rectangular in size with the length to width ratio of 10:6. It bears a red circle on the background of green.
Flag of Bangladesh
The National Flag of Bangladesh was adopted officially on 17 January 1972. It consists of a red circle on top of a dark green banner. The red circle is offset slightly toward the hoist so that it appears centred when the flag is flying. While there are many interpretations, the green on the flag represents the lushness of landscape and the red ...
জাতীয় পতাকা রচনা
জাতীয় পতাকা রচনা - National Flag of India Essay in Bengali : একটি জাতির "জাতীয় পতাকা" সেই জাতির স্বাধীনতার প্রতীক। প্রতিটি স্বাধীন জাতির নিজস্ব জাতীয় পতাকা
Flag of Bangladesh
Flag of Bangladesh. A red disc on a green field. The national flag of Bangladesh ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় পতাকা) was adopted officially on 17 January 1972. The red disc is for the sun rising over Bengal. It also is for the blood of those who died for the independence of Bangladesh. The green field ...
The national flag of Bangladesh
The National Flag is in bottle green and rectangular in size in the proportion of length to width 5:3 bearing a red circle on the body of the green, the red circle has a radius of one-fifth of the length of the flag. ... short story, novel, essay, and drama. Two major Bangla poets are Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore (1863-1941), and ...
Bangladesh National Flag, the History and Right Measurement
The size of the flag for the car is 12.5 × 7.5 in (320 × 190 mm), and the size of the table flag for bilateral conferences is 10 × 6 in (250 × 150 mm). Besides this, the national flag has to be flown on all working days on important government buildings and offices, in any special day, such as Independence Day, Victory Day and any other day ...
Flag of Bangladesh
The Basics. Flag of Bangladesh. Flag adopted 13 January 1972, coat of arms adopted February 1971. The national flag is bottle green in color and rectangular in size with the length to width ratio of 10:6 bearing a red circle on the body of the green. The red circle has a radius of one fifth of the length of the flag.
বাংলা রচনা ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা
অন্যান্য ভিডিওভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা https://youtu.be/mL_Ffq8YqZEবাংলা রচনা ...
Flag of Bangladesh
National flag consisting of a dark bluish green field (background) incorporating a large, off-centre orange-red disk. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 3 to 5.From its founding in 1949, the Awami League was the expression of Bengali nationalism in the territory then known as East Pakistan.
Essay on National flag in Bengali
Essay on National flag in Bengali | জাতীয় পতাকা নিয়ে বাংলা রচনা/ অনুচ্ছেদ#essayonnationalflag#nationalflag#জাতীয় ...
রচনা -আমাদের জাতীয় পতাকা
উপসংহার : ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা আমাদের গর্বের প্রতীক, আমাদের স্বাধীনতার প্রতীক।আমরা অনেক সংগ্রাম ও কষ্টের পর এই পতাকাকে অর্জন করেছি ...
Protesters in Kenya are Waving the Flag, Against the Law
Waving the Kenyan Flag: Kenya has strict legal limits on the use of its national flag. But as antigovernment protests have roiled the East African nation, protesters are displaying it as a symbol ...
বাংলা রচনা
দুর্গাপূজা - বাংলা রচনা | Bengali Essay on Durga Puja | Bangla Paragraph Writing for Class III - VI দুর্গাপূজা ভুমিকা: দুর্গাপূজা হিন্দুদের শ্রেষ্ঠ উৎসব I এ উৎসবে সকলেই আনন্দে যেতে ওঠে। বাঙালির ...
Details emerge after doctor raped and murdered in India as thousands
India's women revolt against a culture of rape 02:43. Thousands took to the streets of Kolkata early Thursday to condemn the rape and murder of a local doctor, demanding justice for the victim and ...
Where Students Run the Streets: Bangladesh in Limbo
The two black V.I.P. vehicles, their hoods adorned with Bangladesh's national flag according to state protocol, idled late one recent evening in a ground-floor parking lot at the University of ...
5 lines on our national flag in Bengali ll By Essay Speech Zone
5 lines on our national flag in Bengali ll By Essay Speech Zone
Bengali language movement
The Bengali language movement [a] was a political movement in former East Bengal [b] in 1952, advocating the recognition of the Bengali language as a co-lingua franca of the then-Dominion of Pakistan to allow its use in government affairs, the continuation of its use as a medium of education, its use in media, currency and stamps, and to ...
Essay on indian national flag in bengali
Essay on indian national flag in bengali. Answer:জাতীয় পতাকা আমাদের স্বাধীন নাগরিকের নাগরিক হওয়ার স্বতন্ত্র পরিচয়। প্রতিটি স্বাধীন জাতি তার অনন্য পতাকা আছে ...
Chuck Todd: Democrats' salute to Biden papers over a complicated place
Analysis: Biden's ultimate legacy will depend — a lot — on whether Harris wins and what happens next. History has typically not been kind to other one-term presidents.
essay on national flag in bengali
The national flag of India is a symbol of honour, patriotism, and freedom for the country. It represents the unity of the people of India in spite of the differences in language, culture, religion, class, etc. Most noteworthy, the Indian flag is a horizontal rectangular tricolour. Furthermore, the flag of India consists of saffron, white, and ...
Essay in Bangla on "Aamar Jatiyo pataka.
To help students to write an essay on national flag in Bengali.Best Bengali essay.Essay . please like,share comment and also subscribe our YouTube channel pl...
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All Bangla Paragraph (105) Bangla GK (177) Bangla Kobita (203) Bangla Rachana (105) Bengali Meaning (259) Bengali Poems (124) English to Bengali Meaning (270) English to Bengali Translation (256) Kobita (143) অনুচ্ছেদ (127) বাংলা অর্থ (275) বাংলা কবিতা (219) বাংলা বাক্য ...