strategies for creative problem solving pdf free download

9 Creative Problem Solving Tools For Your Next Breakthrough Idea

This is a suite of 9 creative problem solving tools from Erik op ten Berg. He’s an expert in creative thinking or applying creativity from the Netherlands.

He’s been working in this field for 25 years and has a Master of Science from Buffalo State University in New York.

His creative problem solving process takes a challenge and finds ideas that are new, useful and meaningful. I guarantee you this process will help you mobilise your group’s creative thinking skills.

You and your group will find original ideas which are always there. This helps you get to the holy grail of breakthrough thinking and quite possibly the ‘next big thing’.

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Interview with Erik op ten Berg

Watch this video to see Erik describe in detail how each tool / activity works with examples.

Please note that the video and audio quality is a little shaky in places. Sorry about that! We had some technical issues with Skype that were difficult to overcome.

Four Stages of Creative Problem Solving

The first two stages help you and your group ‘explore ideas’. The third stage helps you select the best ideas and the fourth tests the feasibility of your best ideas.

These are the four stages you need to go through (no skipping a stage please):

• Idea generation
• Idea expansion
• Idea selection
• Idea feasibility

Always start with the ABC Avalanche and then use 1 or 2 of the next 5 tools to expand the list of possible solutions.

1. ABC Avalanche (3:55sec on video)

A very basic brainstorming technique but extremely powerful.

This tool asks people to generate at least 26 ideas for a specific challenge sorting them by their first letters. It takes about 10-15 minutes.

• Write down the central question.
• Write down the letters of the alphabet.
• Generate many ideas sorting them by their first letters.
• Complete the alphabet.

Because participants focus on generating a specific number of ideas they postpone their judgments.

These attitudes are core to creative problem solving:

• Generating many alternative ideas.
• Postponing judgments.
• Moving past the first few (obvious) ideas.

Depending on the number of people in the session you can split into sub-groups. Feel free to build in a little competition between the groups if you like.

From this stage you have at least 26 starting ideas and people won’t have jumped into judging whether they are good ideas or not.

2. Breaking Assumptions (7:38min on video)

This is a second stage to an ABC Avalanche.

One of the very classical thinking techniques because to be truly creative you need to break patterns.

Once you’re aware of a pattern or an assumption in your idea generation so far you can deliberately break this assumption and new ideas will come forward and present themselves.

• List 5 assumptions present in the question or in the list of ideas.
• Take the opposite of each assumption.
• Imagine new solutions that run opposite to the initial assumptions.
• Add these to your list of ideas.

You ask the group to identify any patterns or assumptions that are built into either the challenge or list of ideas they’ve generated so far.

Then you ask them to take the opposite view (i.e. break that assumption) and come up with any new solutions and add them to your list of ideas.

3. Association Flower (11:13min on video)

Also a second stage technique after ABC Avalanche giving you and your group extra ‘access points’ from which to consider the challenge and generate more ideas.

This technique will generate a long list of associated keywords that can be used to generate even more ideas related to the original challenge.

• Write down a keyword about the challenge in the centre of the flower and four words that are associated with the keyword around it (see template on next page).
• Write around this keyword four associations.
• Then follow each of the 4 words in turn up its branch writing associated keywords as you go.
• Then use all these words to think in a new way about your challenge and generate even more ideas.
• Make the list of ideas as large as possible.

4. Visual Connections (15:33min on video)

Another way to create new ‘access points’ from which to generate new ideas.

• Focus on an interesting object, picture or an article in a newspaper.
• Write down your thoughts, reactions, impressions and observations.
• Make connections to the central topic and write these down as new ideas.
• Repeat this several times and expand your list of ideas.

You could bring a deck of pictures with you, or a set of magazines, or even ask the participants to bring their own magazines so they’re an integral part of the process.

5. SCAMPER (18:31min on video)

Use the 8 words from the acronym to approach the challenge from a different angle and generate a larger list of creative ideas.

SCAMPER is the summary of 72 questions used by Alex Osborn who is the man that founded the concept of brainstorming in the early 40s.

• SUBSTITUTE: parts, the whole, material…
• COMBINE: functions, material, just different…
• ADAPT: other color, place, use, form, timing…
• MAXIMIZE: bigger, stronger, longer, more time, macro level, use more often…
• MINIMIZE: smaller, lighter, shorter, micro level, less important…
• PUT TO OTHER USES: other context…
• ELIMINATE: parts, functions, material…
• REVERSE: sequence, upside down, inside out…

There’s no need to do all these words. Let them go wherever they want to go to create more productive access points to tackle the original challenge.

6. Analogy with nature (22:32min on video)

Sometimes people are using this technique as biomimicry .

Your question to the group: what kind of animals are you thinking about when you use your imagination?

Get them to list lots of animals quickly and ask them to select one. What is it that makes this an extraordinary animal?

Once you have that list of characteristics about the animal use those words as access points to generate more ideas about the challenge. What you’re doing here is using the beauty of nature and bringing that connection back to the challenge.

• List several names of animals.
• Choose a special animal with no link to the problem.
• List 10 characteristics about this animal.
• Use each characteristic as a stimulus for new ideas.
• Make a force-to-fit to the problem and boost your list of ideas.

Next step is to select ideas through a process of prioritization that you want to go deeper into and do further work on to develop them further.

7. Selecting ideas & COCD Box (24:37min on video)

Using a combination of dots (or hits as Erik calls them) and his COCD box you’re looking to boil down your grand list of ideas down to about 15 really good ones (5 in each color – blue, red and yellow).

• 5-15 IDEAS: everybody selects his or her 1-3 favorite hits; make out of these a top 3.
• 15-40 IDEAS: 5 sparkling ideas per person; focus on these and define an overall top 5 using dots or hits.
• >40 IDEAS: select individually 5-8 blue-red-yellow ideas (COCD-box); define the BIG 5 in each color.

Once you have 5 good ideas in each of the coloured boxes look for themes across them to try and boil everything down to a Top 5 by making some smart combinations.

If you’re looking for breakthrough ideas (and most often you will be) the ideas in the red box will be the ones you want to focus on in the next stage.

8. Concepting (30:07min on video)

What you’re looking to do now is enrich your ideas into concepts. You do this by combining your headline ideas with other ideas that are closely related from your overall list.

Take each red idea in turn and see if you can bundle in other ideas from the grand list.

• Focus on the selected ideas.
• Take one idea and add on different ideas (with and without dots) from the idea list, to enrich the original idea.
• Do this for all the selected ideas.
• Give the enriched ideas an attractive title.
• Go on with these results.

Then give the enriched ideas a more attractive title.

9. PPCO (33:38min on video)

This is one of Erik’s little gems he got out of his Master of Science in Buffalo.

At this stage you’re looking to expand and test your best ideas or concepts for feasibility.

• Pluses : what is good, positive about the idea.
• Potentials : what are the possibilities if the idea were pursued.
• Concerns : phrase shortcomings or limitations of the idea as questions.
• Overcomes : generate ideas to overcome the ‘burning’ concerns.

PPCO is like a SWOT analysis but in a more positive end. A moving towards approach instead of getting away approach. Facing truth and reality in a way of opportunities.

Pluses : Let’s see why we should do this idea. Potentials : What are the extra potentials of this idea that you haven’t considered before? These are extra or super pluses. Concerns : ‘how can I overcome (insert negative point here) …” Overcomes : your last stage of creative thinking where you’re generating answers of how to overcome your concerns.

You end with a triple positive state with very realistic backgrounds. That’s the kind of creativity you need when you have a good idea and you want to move it further whilst trying to taste a bit of the potential of it.

Creative problem solving is a process that, if you have the right tools and activities at hand, you can consistently achieve fantastic results from.

For your session to be a success you need to make sure you move past the first few obvious ideas, you generate tonnes of alternatives and that you postpone judgment on the quality of each idea until the appropriate moment.

How does your experience stack up? Do you have any secrets you’d like to share in the comments below?

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Strategies for creative problem solving

By h. scott fogler.

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Strategies for Creative Problem Solving, Second Edition, will help you sharpen your "street smarts" and leverage your creative skills to find better solutions for virtually any technical problem. Drawing on advanced, National Science Foundation-funded research, it introduces a start-to-finish problem-solving framework that integrates proven strategies from todays most effective technical organizations. Using its hands-on techniques and exercises, you'll learn how to gather data, systematically identify problems, generate superior alternatives, choose and implement the best solution, evaluate what you learn, and use that knowledge to create even better outcomes."

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"Taken from: Strategies for Creative Problem Solving, Second Edition by H. Scott Fogler and Steven E. LeBlanc."

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Includes bibliographical references and index.

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Strategies for Creative Problem Solving Third Edition By: H. Scott Fogler       University of Michigan       Ann Arbor, Michigan Steven E. LeBlanc       University of Toledo       Toledo, Ohio Benjamin Rizzo       Shell Oil Company       Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

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Strategies for Creative Problem Solving 3rd Edition

A Tested, Proven Approach to Problem Solving―Updated with New Material and Current, Real-Life Examples

Strategies for Creative Problem Solving, Third Edition, will help you hone your creative skills and apply those skills to solve nearly any problem. Drawing on National Science Foundation-funded, advanced research that studied problem-solving techniques in all areas of modern industry, this book presents a comprehensive, systematic problem-solving framework. Through hands-on techniques and exercises drawing on realistic examples, you will learn how to approach an ill-defined problem, identify the real problem, generate and implement the best solution, evaluate what you’ve learned, and build on that knowledge.

This third edition has been updated and revised, further enhancing its value for engineers, technical practitioners, students, and anyone who wants to improve their problem-solving skills. Updates include

• More than twenty-five new examples―based on recent, real-world events and topics―that illustrate the various problem-solving techniques
• Expanded coverage of critical thinking and reasoning
• An introduction to structured critical reasoning
• New discussion of managing complex change
• Expanded and improved explanations of the components of problem-solving strategies

The first edition of this book earned ASEE’s 1996 Meriam-Wiley Distinguished Author Award, and now it’s more focused and useful than ever.

Companion Web Site

The book’s companion Web site ( www.engin.umich.edu/scps ) is a valuable resource for students and instructors. The site contains

• Interactive Computer Modules: Seven simulations linked to the book’s content and designed to deepen your expertise with every stage of the problem-solving process
• Summary Notes: Chapter-specific material that highlights important points in each chapter―excellent for classroom presentations and concept review
• Professional Reference Shelf: Additional examples and problem-solving materials
• Additional Study Materials: Course syllabi and Web links to related material
• ISBN-10 013309166X
• ISBN-13 978-0133091663
• Edition 3rd
• Publication date October 8, 2013
• Language English
• Dimensions 9.9 x 7.9 x 1 inches
• Print length 343 pages
• See all details

Editorial Reviews

About the author.

H. Scott Fogler is the Vennema Professor of Chemical Engineering and Thurnau Professor at the University of Michigan, and a past president of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. He has chaired ASEE's Chemical Engineering Division and earned the Warren K. Lewis Award from AIChE for contributions to chemical engineering education and the 2010 Malcom E. Pruitt Award from the Council for Chemical Research. He is the author of the classic Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Fourth Edition (Prentice Hall, 2006), and Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering (Prentice Hall, 2011).

Steven E. LeBlanc is executive associate dean for academic affairs and professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Toledo. He has served as the chairman of the ASEE Chemical Engineering Division and as a co-chair of the 2007 ASEE Chemical Engineering Summer School for Faculty.

Benjamin R. Rizzo is a chemical engineering graduate of the University of Michigan and currently is a production engineer for Shell Oil, working on Unconventional Reservoir Optimization.

Product details

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Pearson; 3rd edition (October 8, 2013)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 343 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 013309166X
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0133091663
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.65 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 9.9 x 7.9 x 1 inches
• #245 in Social Aspects of Technology
• #455 in Medical Cognitive Psychology
• #751 in Cognitive Psychology (Books)

About the author

H. scott fogler.

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