management of natural resources essay

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✍️Essay on Natural Resources: Samples in 100, 150 and 200 Words 

• Updated on  
• Nov 2, 2023

Wondering about how the resources provided by our planet Earth are depleting? Well, that’s true. We have come to the stage where we should start working towards saving our planet. We humans have used our resources in a humongous quantity. Therefore, it’s time we start working towards saving our planet for our future generations. Today we will provide you with a few samples of essay on natural resources which will help you write on this topic easily. 

Table of Contents

• 1 What are Natural Resources?
• 2 Types of Natural Resources
• 3 Essay on Natural Resources in 100 Words
• 4 Essay on Natural Resources in 150 Words
• 5 Essay on Natural Resources in 200 Words

What are Natural Resources?

Natural Resources are resources which are present in nature independent of human actions. 

These are the resources that are created naturally by the environment, without any help from humans. Soil, stone, sunlight, air, plants, animals, fossil fuels, etc. are all natural resources.

In simple language, natural resources are naturally occurring materials which are useful to humankind. They can also be useful in a variety of ways such as in technological, economic or social contexts. These resources include building, clothing materials, food, water, fertilisers and geothermal energy. Natural resources were traditionally within the purview of the natural sciences.

Also Read: Essay on Save Environment: Samples in 100, 200, 300 Words

Also Read: How to Prepare for UPSC in 6 Months?

Types of Natural Resources

Speaking of the type of natural resources, there are mainly two types of natural resources. These include Renewable and Non-renewable resources. 

Renewable Resources: These are those resources which are endlessly available to humans for several uses. These resources are trees, wind, and water.

Non-Renewable Resources: These resources are available to humans in infinite quantities as they are not renewable and their supply may eventually run out. Minerals and fossil fuels are a few examples.

Also Read: Essay on the Importance of the English Language for Students

Essay on Natural Resources in 100 Words

Natural resources are parts of the natural world that are useful to humans. Renewable resources are those that can be swiftly replenished, these include soil, water, and air., Non-renewable resources are those that need time to recover, such as minerals, oil, natural gas, etc. 

One should note that the survival of all life on Earth depends on natural resources. However, the usage of natural resources in excess use can cause ecosystem disruption. Many nations are taking action these days to protect their natural resources. Natural resources shouldn’t be used for purposes outside our needs. In order to preserve non-renewable resources, we should utilise renewable resources more frequently than non-renewable ones.

Essay on Natural Resources in 150 Words

The organic aspects of nature that contribute to our way of life are known as natural resources. For survival, we rely on natural resources. Natural resources include things like air, water, soil, minerals, crops, etc. Resources like minerals, oil, and other resources are found in non-living organisms and take eons to regenerate. 

The distribution of natural resources is not even. Resources like these are also the primary driver of international trade relations for many nations. However, with time, these natural resources have now been overused by the human mankind beyond their limits. 

However, the unrestricted exploitation of natural resources is a challenge for all nations these days. To control this, a lot of nations are emphasising garbage recycling and employing more renewable resources than non-renewable ones. 

Sustainable development is the use of natural resources for current requirements without wasting them while keeping an eye on the future. It refers to the wise use of natural resources without sacrificing what coming generations will need.

Also Read: Essay on Unity in Diversity in 100 to 200 Words

Essay on Natural Resources in 200 Words

Natural resources are materials found in the environment that humans use to survive.  From the very start, humans have been dependent on these resources. While some of these resources can be restored more rapidly than others, some require more time. Resources like sunlight, water, air, and other renewable resources are readily available and have higher recovery rates than consumption rates.

On the other hand, the formation and processing of non-renewable resources, such as minerals, oil, and natural gas, take a long time. Even the usage rate of these non-renewable resources is higher as compared to the renewable resources. While some natural resources are used immediately, others must first undergo processing.

Even while renewable resources are available in huge quantities, they should also be used responsibly. Both renewable and non-renewable resources require time to be created and processed. Therefore, it is very important for humans to use these resources in a limited quantity and leave some for future generations.

With time, humans are using these resources excessively. With the ever-increasing population, humans have already created a huge impact on the environment. To begin, humans are continuously polluting the air, water and noise. Buildings are being constructed on more land. The land is becoming less valuable in this way. Humans are soon becoming the biggest reason behind depleting natural resources, such as land, water, and air. 

Therefore, we mustn’t undervalue these resources. The moment has come for us to recognise the importance of using these resources sustainably.

Related Articles

Natural Resources are substances which are naturally obtained from nature. Here are the 5 natural resources: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, Sand, Gems, and Metals.

Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished or regenerated at a rate comparable to the rate at which they are consumed or harvested. For example: Solar energy, Wind energy, Biomass, Geothermal energy, etc.

Conserving and saving natural resources is essential for sustainable development and the preservation of the environment. Here are some easy tips to save natural resources: Implementing the 3Rs in daily life; Adopting energy-efficient practices such as using energy-saving appliances; Reducing water wastage by fixing leaks, using water-efficient appliances, and practising mindful water usage in daily activities, etc.

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay-writing page and follow Leverage Edu ! 

Malvika Chawla

Malvika is a content writer cum news freak who comes with a strong background in Journalism and has worked with renowned news websites such as News 9 and The Financial Express to name a few. When not writing, she can be found bringing life to the canvasses by painting on them.

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Natural Resources Essay

Introduction

Natural resources and their relevance to human life are a major concern for all people on the planet. It is now important to have knowledge of the need for and value of natural resources, as well as to spread full awareness of the dangers associated with their scarcity. We have provided both long and short natural resources essays for students of Class 1 to 12.

Long and Short Essay on Natural Resources

Long natural resources essay in english.

Natural resources are priceless gifts to us that are necessary for our survival on this planet. Air, water, ground, trees, wood, soil, minerals, petroleum, metals, and sunlight are all examples. These resources cannot be generated or developed by humans; instead, they can be changed in various ways so that we can make better use of them.

Natural Resources are Classified into Two Types:

1. Renewable - Water, air, sunshine, ground, wood, soil, plants, and animals are examples of renewable resources that can be reclaimed and reformed after use. Water, plants, livestock, and fresh air are examples of scarce resources. Without a well-managed mechanism for consuming these renewable resources, we will not be able to bring them back in the future for future generations to use.

2. Non-Renewable - Non-renewable natural resources are those that cannot be duplicated and are only available in finite amounts on the globe. Minerals, Metals, petroleum, and coal are located under the earth's surface. Both of these items are in short supply and are extremely useful and valuable in everyday life.

Other categories of natural resources, in addition to these two, are specified as:

1. Biotic - These are natural resources derived from the global environment and include life-like plants, trees, and animals.

2. Abiotic - These resources include non-living natural resources such as air, water, ground, soil, minerals, and metals.

Both Renewable and Non-Renewable resources are used for various purposes:

Wind energy is produced by the movement of air.

Water is used for drinking and hydroelectric energy production.

Plants and trees provide us with vegetables, fruits, cotton, and wood, which we can use to make paper, furniture, and houses.

Animals provide us with milk, and their skin is used to make soap, shoes, purses, belts, and other products.

Solar energy is generated by the sun, which is used to keep us warm.

Oil is used to power vehicles and generates electricity.

Coins, steel, and jewelry are all made from minerals and metals.

Electricity is generated using coal.

What Causes the Depletion of These Resources?

Over-Population: When the world's population grows at an exponential pace, so does the demand for natural resources.

Urbanization: More cities and towns are springing up to meet the ever-increasing demand for housing and other necessities. Some resources have been exhausted as a result of this.

Industrialization: Several new industries are springing up in both rural and urban areas to create jobs and manufacture consumer goods for everyday use. As a result, our natural resources have been over-exploited.

Deforestation: Deforestation is the degradation of trees on a wide scale. Forest degradation has resulted in a reduction in other natural resources such as soil, water, and wildlife.

Mining and Quarrying: Resources have also been exhausted as a result of unscientific mining and quarrying for the production of minerals and ores.

Overgrazing: Soil erosion is exacerbated by overgrazing by cattle in general, and sheep and goats in particular.

Intensive Agriculture: Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, as well as cultivating the same crop year after year, decreases soil fertility and leaves the soil sick.

Insecticides: Insecticides and industrial waste products have depleted biodiversity in the forest, rivers, wetlands, dams, and oceans.

Soil Erosion: Soil erosion is the process of water or wind transporting nutrient-rich topsoil away. This harms both the soil and the plants.

Let us take a look at the Natural Resources Short Essay.

Short Essay on Natural Resources

Natural resources are those that we receive naturally from the Earth. Natural resources include the flora and fauna in our local area, as well as air, water, and sunshine. Natural resources are classified into two groups. They are renewable natural resources, such as solar energy, as well as non-renewable natural resources, such as fossil fuels.

Renewable natural resources do not deplete and are replenished over time, while non-renewable resources deplete as their use increases. Natural resources are a gift to humanity that must be used responsibly and protected for future generations.

Even though the majority of these natural resources are sustainable and plentiful, human activities do misuse some of them. It takes millions of years for all of those non-renewable resources to form. Unauthorized and irresponsible use of these natural resources would lead to a scarcity of these resources in the future.

The key cause of this threat of natural resource extraction can be identified as population growth. When the world's population increases, so does the need for more natural resources. This involves the over-consumption of lands by sacrificing their true natural value to create massive structures, industrialisation, and so on.

The increased use of new technology and requirements has contaminated our natural resources, such as air, water, and soil, by exposing them to more chemically hazardous wastes. Owing to overuse, raw materials derived from fossil fuels, such as petroleum products, are in danger of becoming extinct.

Many of these risks can be avoided if we use our natural resources more wisely and don't take them for granted. Humans should adopt a more sustainable lifestyle to preserve nature's gifts for future generations.

The above material contained an essay on Natural Resources which had a lot of information about the topic. 

It outlined the ways to write an essay, both, long and short. But, writing is all about creative ideas and is considered to be the most loved form of expression. 

Students shall keep exploring more about the art of writing. The best way to do so is by putting their hands on different topics and trying to describe them in different ways. 

Let us get to know more about the essays, their types, formats, and some of the tips that the students shall be using while writing any piece of content.

What is an essay? 

An essay is a kind of writing piece that is usually short and describes the perspective of a writer. It may showcase an argument, tell a story, highlight an issue or simply, describe a topic. They are very personalized and talk about personal opinions and viewpoints. Since writing is a form of expression and a lot of people love to own their thoughts, essay writing is a skill that everyone should possess.

What is the Format to write an Essay? 

It doesn’t follow a very rigid format. However, it consists of three main parts. 

First, the introduction, which talks about an overview of the prompt that you’ve been given. 

Second, the body, which talks in detail or gives a response to the argument which has been stated in the topic.

Third, is the conclusion, which generally contains the ending lines. It can contain a moral, quote or suggestion. 

Students shall note that since writing is a creative process, there’s no need to confine it within some boundaries. You shall write according to the topic and your flow of ideas. However, an important point that you shall keep in mind is that the content of the writing piece should be organized and easy to understand. If there’s a relatability factor to it, the audience would find it appealing and this way, you can connect with more people.

How many Types of Essays are There? 

There are mainly 4 types of essays. However, it depends on the writer, how and what they want to deliver to their audience. 

Narrative Essay

Descriptive Essay

Persuasive Essay

Expository Essay

What are Short Essays? 

Short essays are generally the kind of essays which doesn’t offer too many details about the prompt but surely highlights all the important points linked to it. 

These kinds of essays are considered to be more interesting and easy to read, because of the length of the content.

What are Long Essays?

Long Essays are generally longer than the others as it contains a lot of information. These are considered to be the ones that have all the details. They may be written in an informal way or even a formal way, depending on what the prompt is.

Tips for Writing Essays

Select a captivating title for it. 

Divide the content into small paragraphs so that it looks more organized. 

Make sure that your content grabs the attention of the reader. 

Your words should give a sense of curiosity in the reader’s mind. 

The essay should be well-paced. 

Avoid using jargon and focus more on simple words. 

Focus on the structure of your essay. 

Avoid making grammatical errors. 

Use correct spellings and punctuations. 

Before writing, you may consider making a rough draft so that it becomes easier for you to organize your points later. 

Understand your topic well so that you can provide only relevant information and don't present an unorganized mess. 

Brainstorm your topic, ask yourself questions, research extensively so that before you start, you get a clearer idea of what your content should be like. 

You may use resources and cite research to make it more interesting for the readers.

FAQs on Natural Resources Essay

1. How can we Conserve/Avoid Water Pollution?

There are two ways to conserve water:

Maintenance of Water Cycle:

In many areas of the world, healthy forests are important for promoting rainfall. As a result, the water cycle would be dependent on tree maintenance and planting.

Swamps, marshes, tanks, and reservoirs must all be closely controlled. Wetland areas, which play an important role in the water cycle, should not be filled with mud and reclaimed as land.

Prevention of Water Pollution:

It is recommended that industrial wastes not be dumped directly into lakes and rivers. If sewage is to be dumped into rivers or streams, it must first be cleaned and filtered.

Oil should not be dumped in the seas by ships or oil tankers.

Cities' organic wastes (sewage) should not be permitted to pollute the water supply. To achieve sewage oxidation, special sewage plants should be built. Finally, sewage-free water can be discharged into rivers and reservoirs.

2. What are Some of the Ways in Which we can Preserve Soil Fertility?

Following are the ways in which we can preserve soil fertility:

It is not advisable to cultivate the same crop year after year. As a consequence, basic elements of a specific kind are depleted in the soil. Different crops should be planted at different times of the year. Crop rotation is a good idea to pursue. It entails rotating between growing a pulse crop or a leguminous crop and some other crop. This is due to the presence of the bacteria rhizobium in the root nodules of leguminous plants, which can fix atmospheric nitrogen.

To substitute what is taken up as nutrients by plants, green manure or synthetic fertilisers should be applied to the soil.

The type of fertiliser to be used for different crops should be addressed with an Agriculture Development Officer or Gram Sevak.

3. How many words long should an essay be? 

An ideal essay should be 400-500 words unless otherwise stated. The words also depend on what you have been asked to write for. Often, the topic is too lengthy and it becomes difficult for you to organise it. While writing, you shall only keep your reader in the mind and then let the ideas flow on a paper.

4. How should an essay be concluded?

The best way to conclude an essay is by presenting your viewpoints or suggestions and ending it with a quote or something similar. However, there is no rule attached to it and students shall rely the most on their creative skills and let the ideas flow as they come.

5. From where can we get to read some of the samples of essays?

Vedantu provides you with a heck of sample essays. You shall simply visit their website or download their mobile app and get access to it. By reading more and more samples, your brain will give you more ideas, and this way your writing skills will improve over time. Remember, the way to write is always reading.

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Essay on Natural Resources

List of essays on natural resources, essay on natural resources – short essay for kids (essay 1 – 150 words), essay on natural resources – 10 lines on natural resources written in english (essay 2 – 250 words), essay on natural resources (essay 3 – 300 words), essay on natural resources – for school students (class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 standard) (essay 4 – 400 words), essay on natural resources – uses, importance, protection and conclusion (essay 5 – 500 words), essay on natural resources – for college and university students (essay 6 – 600 words), essay on natural resources (essay 7 – 750 words), essay on natural resources – long essay for competitive exams like ias, ips and upsc (essay 8 – 1000 words).

Natural resources are the resources that we get from the Earth naturally. Natural resources include the flora and fauna around us, air, water, sunlight, etc. Generally, there are two types of natural resources. They are renewable like solar energy, and non-renewable natural resources like fossil fuels.

The renewable natural resource does not get depleted and gets renewed with time, while the non-renewable resources gets depleted with increasing usage. The natural resources are a gift to mankind that must be used sustainably and must be preserved for the future generation. 

Audience: The below given essays are exclusively written for school students (Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 Standard) and college students. Furthermore, those students preparing for competitive exams like IAS, IPS and UPSC can also increase their knowledge by studying these essays.

Natural resources are things available naturally on earth and are useful for humans and other living things. All natural resources must be used cautiously.

What are natural resources?

Natural resources are all materials that are available naturally on earth. Some natural resources are air, water, plants, gases, minerals, coal, oil and sunlight. Some of these are directly usable while others are processed to generate useful products.

Renewable and Non-Renewable Natural Resources:

Natural resources are classified as renewable and non-renewable. The ones that are replenished naturally and available for use again are renewable natural resources like water, solar energy, plants, air, animals etc. Many of these resources such as water, air and sunlight is easily renewable but some take longer time to renew such as wood. Natural Resources that cannot be regenerated or may take thousands of years to form again are non-renewable natural resources like coal, fossil oil, minerals etc.

Natural resources must be used judiciously and must be conserved for the coming future generations.

Some people and even some leading figures in the modern world seem to think that the earth is an endless source of natural resources. That’s all fine if you are telling someone a fairy tale for a good night and you want them to believe that there is a place of many riches where you can do what you want. The reality is different and we are being confronted with this fact every day.

Natural resources are the resources that we get from the Earth naturally. Natural resources include the flora and fauna around us, air, water, sunlight, etc. Generally, there are two types of natural resources. They are renewable like solar energy, and non-renewable natural resources like fossil fuels. The renewable natural resource does not get depleted and gets renewed with time, while the non-renewable resources gets depleted with increasing usage. The natural resources are a gift to mankind that must be used sustainably and must be preserved for the future generation.

We can preserve the natural resources by reducing our dependence on non-renewable resources and using more renewable resources. This also helps in keeping our environment free from pollution. But, human being have not yet realized the importance of natural resources.

Once we go over a certain line there will be no way back, we can only take as much as there is. But the bigger question in the debate about natural resources is do we need all that we are taking? We most certainly do not so learning to be responsible is the next phase in our evolution.

Natural resources are those gift given to us by nature for the better life and survival. Some of these naturally acquired resources are abundantly available in and around our earth, but at the same time some of them are very rarely found and formed.

Some of these renewable natural resources are solar energy, water, air, soil, etc. Those resources cannot be found easily are minerals, fossil fuels, etc., that are formed inside the earth as a result of millions of years of depositions and processing.

These natural resources are being used by humans directly or indirectly for leading a smooth life. Most of the renewable resources like sunlight, air, soil, water, etc., are being directly used and many of the other natural resources are used as raw material for producing more products.

Impacts on Natural Resources:

Even though most of these natural resources are renewable and found in abundance, some of them are exploited by human activities. All those non-renewable resources take millions of years to form. Unauthorized and careless use of these natural resources will result in the shortage of such resources for future use.

Population increase can be noted as the main reason behind this threat of natural resource exploitation. Increase in population has increased the usage demand for more natural resources as well. This includes the over-consumption of lands by destroying the real natural value of them for setting up big buildings, industrialization, etc.

Increase in modern technologies and requirements have polluted our natural resources like air, water, and land as well, by exposing them to more chemically harmful wastes. Raw materials derived from fossil fuels like petroleum products are in a threat to be vanished of due to the excess usage.

All these threats can be rectified by using our natural resources more carefully without taking it for granted. A more sustainable way of life should be followed by us humans to save these nature’s gift for the future generation too.

Introduction:

Natural resources are those elements which are of great use for human beings and found naturally on earth. Human beings along with other species of plants and animals has been dependent on these natural resources since ages.

Types of Natural Resources:

We can divide the natural resources into four main categories. These are living, non-living, renewable natural resources, and non-renewable natural resources. Living resources are plants, forests, domestic and wild animals. Non-living resources include air, water, fire, coal, petroleum, fossil fuels, etc.

Renewable natural resources are those which can be used repeatedly without exhausting the source. These are sunlight, wind power, hydropower, geothermal energy, etc. The non-renewable natural resources consist of sources that will be depleted in the long-run. These are coal, petroleum, oils, and other minerals.

Importance of Natural Resources:

Natural resources are essential to our survival. For instance, plants and trees produce oxygen that we breathe in. They also form the base of the food chain on earth.

No life is possible without air, water, and sunlight. Even the fruits, vegetables, grains, and meat that we eat are all natural resources which nourish us and keep us alive.

As far as human beings are concerned, if there wouldn’t have been resources like coal and petroleum, industrialization and luxuries like cars, bikes, and air conditioners wouldn’t have come into existence.

Depletion of Natural Resources:

Given that, in recent decades, human beings have exhausted almost all kinds of non-renewable resources for both commercial and personal purposes. As a result, the earth is on the verge of losing many of its precious natural resources, such as coals and fossil fuels.

Apart from that, for accommodating and feeding the ever-growing population, natural resources like trees and forests have been cleared on an enormous level. This has led to deforestation, floods, drought, earthquakes, and much more.

Conservation of Natural Resources:

Protecting our forests is the first essential step to conserve our environment. When we lose forests, we also happen to lose many plant and animal species which are necessary for the cycle of life. Using renewable natural resources are the right ways to live as these are eco-friendly and pollution-free sources and found in abundance.

Conclusion:

Our planet earth has reached its tipping point where it cannot take any more of these selfish human activities. That is why we need to take urgent measures to conserve our natural resources before it’s too late.

The word “natural” basically refers to things that are not man-made. While resources are those things considered necessary for the existence of man. Natural resources are major components of nature and the environment that are important in our daily lives.

These resources are sometimes available in infinite supply while others are in limited supply. For instance, nations with crude oil understand that at some point their reserves would dry out.

Renewable and Non-renewable Natural Resources:

The renewable resources are those resources that can be used consistently. This refers to air, vegetation, and animals since they can be bred. They are further divided into organic and nonorganic resources.

Due care should be taken with regards to the use of organic renewable resources like vegetation and animals, as they deplete quickly. This places them in danger of extinction and this has been the case with some of these resources. Also, It takes a long time for these natural resources to be restored.

Non-renewable resources refer to those that cannot be renewed or restored. They are mostly fossils, fuels, and minerals. When their resources dry out they become extinct.

Uses and Importance of Natural Resources:

These unique resources are not evenly distributed in the world. You would find some parts of the world more enriched than other parts with certain resources. Also, there are countries that have little or no natural resource at all. In other cases, the countries lack the requisite means to explore their resources due to capital availability.

The uneven nature of natural resource distribution is as a result of differences in climate, terrain and altitude change. Generally, resources that are renewable are mostly used for consumption and housing. The non-renewables are used in housing, technological, biological and mechanical developments.

Protection of Natural Resources:

As a result of overpopulation, these resources are often exploited unreasonably and their depletions are accelerated causing extinction. Also, greed and over exploration by some countries have caused irreparable loss and depletion on non-renewable natural resources.

This has led to anomalies in climate and environmental conditions. It has further acted as a catalyst in this downward spiral. Also, the need for explorations for mechanical, scientific and biological research has led to environmental pollutions. It has led to the contamination of resources and the extinction of fragile natural resources like plants and microscopic animals.

Hence, there is a need for urgent reformation in order to revive and protect endangered species and our environment. This reform should be in several parts. First, government should change its policy on exploration. Exploration of natural resources should be on a needs basis. The members of the public must also be sensitized of the need to stop pollution. Finally, the efforts of environmentalist should be supplemented by government policies.

Natural researches are blessings that nature has blessed us with. It is paramount that they are used wisely, sustained and regenerated properly. If all these are done, then these gifts of nature can be enjoyed continuously and always.

Natural resources are acquired from nature. They are quite important for the human’s on earth.

Natural resources comprise water, air, forest, sunlight, rock, land, petroleum, soil, minerals, and metal. There is unlimited availability of resources like land, wind, sunlight, and rock on earth.

Different Types of Natural Resources:

There are few natural resources that are categorized in the below two classifications:

1. Renewal Resources:

These types of natural resources can be reproduced and renewed by people’s few efforts and additional care. Resources like fresh air, plants, land, water, and animals are few examples of renewable resources.

2. Non-Renewal Resources:

These types of natural resources are available in inadequate quantity and you can never renew them with the help of human efforts. Resources like coal, petroleum, metals, and minerals are few examples of the non-renewal resources.

Different Uses of Natural Resources:

There are different uses of natural resources in our daily life. For example, Oxygen in the air is required by the human for breathing but oxygen is only created by trees. We get heat from the sunlight that fulfills our numerous daily needs. Moreover, the tree provides us with fruits, fresh air, wood, vegetables, etc. With the help of the wood, we can make furniture and produce paper.

The other natural resources such as minerals, petroleum, coal, etc., are utilized for diverse purposes. These resources also help in producing different kinds of energy such as sunlight helps in creating solar energy, water helps in creating hydroelectric energy, the wind is used for producing wind energy, coal for producing electricity, etc. Metals and minerals are utilized for making gold, coins, steel and numerous other things.

Obtainability of the Natural Resources:

There are few natural resources that are accessible on earth from the very ancient period like water, air, land, sunlight, animals, and plants. But some of the natural resources like minerals, metals, petroleum, and coal are establish owing to human efforts.

The non-renewal resources like metals or petroleum are very limited on earth. There are some particular areas where the reserves of these resources are present. The countries having abundant resources usually export them to the other nations in lieu of some amount of profit. For example, every nation has its dissimilar percentage of petroleum products and they do its export and import as per their consumption requirement.

Consequences of Natural Resource’s Destruction:

The natural resources cannot be produced by human beings. The usage and ingestion of these resources are very important for the human’s future.

At present, there are very fewer trees that are left on earth owing to the necessity of paper, wood, and land for the increasing population. Moreover, animals also get slaughtered for the personal requirement of human-like, manufacturing of leather goods from animal’s skin and also for making some non-vegetarian dishes.

It is very important to recognize the significance of natural resources like animals and forests or otherwise, the consequence will be dangerous for all of us. In the future, the life of a human on earth will be impossible without water and fresh air.

Ways to Preserve Natural Resources:

Therefore, to evade these serious circumstances, we should plant more trees and constrict our ingestion of natural resources such as oil, electricity, water, etc.

Humans have to understand that the natural resources cannot be renewed and it took thousands of years for renewing them. We should utilize the natural resources judiciously and must not waste these natural resources.

Natural resources are important for the existence of human beings. Without these resources, their life is not conceivable on earth. But humans are still using these natural resources without any obstruction. But it must be preserved as it will benefit our upcoming generations to relish the type of luxury and amenities that we are enjoying today.

Natural resources can be simply said to mean the resources that are in existence without humankind’s actions. Natural resources include all forms of valued characteristics like electrical, gravitational, magnetic forces and properties etc. Natural resources on the earth include atmosphere, sunlight, land (with all the minerals), water, crops, vegetation and even animals that exist naturally on or within the earth.

There are a number of ways that natural resources can be classified. These methods of classification include renewability, development stage and their origin.

Based on origin, we can divide natural resources into two:

1. Biotic – Resources that are gotten from our biosphere (organic and living material) are known as biotic resources. Examples of biotic resources are animals and forests and all of the materials that we can obtain from them. Petroleum, coal and other fossil fuels are included in this classification because they are made out of organic matter that has decayed.

2. Abiotic – Resources that are gotten form non-organic and non-living material are known as abiotic resources. Examples of abiotic resources are fresh water, land, earth metals that are rare, air and also heavy metals like ores of silver, copper, iron, gold, etc.

When we consider their development stage, we can divide natural resources into:

1. Potential resources – resources that can be used only in or by the future are known as potential resources. Examples of potential resource are the crude oil that are inside sedimentary rocks and if are not drilled out remains just potential resource until it is used.

2. Actual resources – resources that are already qualified, quantified and surveyed and are been exploited and developed are known as actual resources. A good example of actual resources is wood processing which depends a lot on cost and technology.

3. Reserve resources – reserve resources is that part of a real and actual resource which can in the future be developed for profit.

4. Stock resources – stock resources are the resources that have undergone surveillance but they cannot be used as a result of inadequacy of technology. An example is hydrogen.

The major means of classifying natural resources is as renewable resources and non-renewable sources:

1. Renewable Resources:

Resources that can naturally replenish it are known as renewable resources. A few of the renewable resources like water, wind, air, sunlight, etc. are always available for use and consumption by us humans does not significantly affect their quantity. Even though a lot of renewable resources have no fast recovery rate, all of these renewable resources are very prone to depletion through over-use. The classification of a resource as renewable from a human point of view is when the replenishment rate exceeds the consumption rate.

2. Non-Renewable Resources:

These are the resources that seldom form naturally in our environment or form extremely slowly. The most common non-renewable resources are minerals. From a human point of view, a resource is said to be non-renewable if the consumption rate exceeds the replenishment rate. A perfect example of non-renewable resources is fossil fuel. They are non-renewable because their formation is very slow (sometimes it takes millions of years to form). There are some natural resources that deplete naturally without the interference of humans, radioactive elements like uranium that decay naturally to form heavy metals are examples of natural resources that deplete on their own. Other examples are petroleum and coal which when used cannot be reused or recycle, on the other hand, natural resources like metallic minerals have the possibility of being reused and recycled.

It has become very important and necessary that we protect and manage the natural resources around us in order to save them from a total complete depletion and consumption. There is a field of discipline called management of natural resources. This discipline deals with the management and protection of all natural resources like water, land, plants, animals and even soil. There is a focus on how the management of resources impacts the quality and standard of life now in the present generation and also in the future generation. Therefore, the appropriate use and employment of resources that will supply the present and the future generations is sustainable development.

The successful management of all natural resources includes identifying the people that should use a particular resource and who should not and also setting the boundaries and limits of the resources. The management of the resources is done by people using the resources in accordance to the laid down rules that are governing the time frame and use of the resources based on the condition of the environment.

Natural resources are the resources provided to us by nature. Resources which are naturally available to us such as air, water, sunlight, earth and the entire environment around us all constitute natural resources. They are vital for our survival.

The Categorisation of Natural Resources:

There are many ways in which classification of natural resources is done. For instance, based on their origin, the natural resources are categorised into two categories, biotic and abiotic. Biotic resources are the term used to refer the resources which are obtained from the living or which form the organic material. These include the animals the forests and the resources thus obtained from them. Abiotic resources are the term used to refer to those resources which are obtained from non-organic and non-living materials. Air, water, earth metals and all such resources come under this category.

Similarly, based on the availability, natural resources are classified as renewable and non-renewable. Renewable resources are the resources which are abundantly available to us and get replenished easily. So, consuming them in any amount is not a challenge. Resources such as air, water and windfall fall under this category. Non-renewable resources are the resources which are available in limited amount and do not get replenished easily. They can also be defined as the resources which are consumed in a faster manner as compared to the rate at which they are replenished in the environment.

Important Natural Resources:

Although all natural resources are important for us, there are some which are of extreme importance given their utility in our lives.

Air is one such resource. The oxygen we breathe, the carbon dioxide required by plants for photosynthesis all come from the air only. Survival without air being around us is just impossible. In fact, the unique combination of different gases in the atmosphere is what makes earth a livable planet.

The soil is additionally a sustainable natural resource. Man depends on upon agriculture for food, clothing, medicine and a number of other different requirements. The land is likewise being utilized for industrialization and urbanization. We should, however, realize that the surface of the earth is restricted as is its soil. Irregular and unnecessary chopping down of trees, mining for minerals and metals which get washed away due to rains deplete the soil of the rich nutrients. This affects the quality of plants as they do not get the required minerals from the soil. It might even lead to avalanches causing substantial damage to human beings as well as other life in the surroundings.

Moreover, due to improper agricultural practices, we often produce many crops of a similar type without renewing the supplements that are consumed by plants from the land. In such cases, the soil gets depleted of the nutrients and over the time may even become infertile. In such events, due to lack of continued agriculture in such regions, the soil is often washed away with rains or wind, causing soil disintegration. So, although the soil is a renewable resource we should make our efforts to protect this important layer on the surface of the earth.

Water is another important natural resource which is vital for the existence of life on the earth. In fact, there is not a viable alternative for water. Man utilizes water for drinking as well as for various different activities such as showering, cooking, washing, water system, control age and furthermore as a method for transportation through ships.

Our water requirement is satisfied by nature itself. There are no other means of water other than nature. We get water through precipitation and from seas, streams, channels and wells. At whatever point the water-cycle in nature is upset, the environmental equalization in nature is disturbed. This affects the availability of water which directly affects all life-sustaining in the surroundings.

Another important natural resource is the forests . Forests are a standout amongst the most valuable resources. They are our national assets. They give the best living space to different sorts of wild creatures.

Forests are an unquestionable requirement for the survival of most of the life. Although we don’t live in forests, yet they are important for us. They filter air, control contamination to some degree, manage the atmosphere, control surges, avoid soil disintegration and keep up soil ripeness. We additionally get various helpful items like wood, elastic, gum, gum, nectar, honey bee wax, restorative plants, bamboo, lac, timber and so on from plants. A standout amongst the most vital employments of woods is that it helps in keeping up the biological uniformity of a place.

Threats to Natural Resources:

Overuse as well as misuse of natural resources due to human activities over the years, have led to the near extinction of valuable natural resources. More so some natural resources are being depleted so fast it may not be possible for future generations to make use of them. Different species have been affected due to these changes in temperature and climatic conditions.

The significant impact of environmental change and dangerous atmospheric changes in natural resources has affected the biodiversity and the survival of species. For example, wildlife that requires cool temperatures in high altitudes has been finding it difficult to survive due to the increase in temperatures. Also, many species have become extinct as they could not adapt themselves to the changing environment. This has mainly been due to our overuse of natural resources.

Natural resources are excessively basic for our survival on this planet. Without them, we can’t imagine our human life. All natural resources are either specifically or in a certain way associated with others. A few natural resources are produced or extracted from different resources, for instance, oxygen and wood are produced by plants and trees, energy can be produced from wind, water and sunlight in various structures. Similarly, coal is extracted from the earth.

It is our utmost duty to protect natural resources. There are already some laws in place, formed by the Government in this regard. We just need to follow those regulations and not wait others to lead us. We must realise that it is the availability of these resources that life has been possible on the earth. Without these resources, the earth would have just like any other lonely planet in the solar system.

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Essay on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife

Students are often asked to write an essay on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife

Introduction.

Forests and wildlife are vital parts of our ecosystem. They provide shelter, food, and even oxygen. Sadly, these natural resources are under threat due to human activities.

Importance of Forests and Wildlife

Forests absorb harmful carbon dioxide, helping to combat climate change. They are also home to countless species of animals. Wildlife, on the other hand, contributes to biodiversity, crucial for ecosystem balance.

Threats to Forests and Wildlife

Deforestation and hunting are major threats. Forests are being cleared for agriculture or urbanization, while animals are hunted for their body parts.

Conservation Efforts

Protecting these resources involves creating protected areas, enforcing laws, and promoting sustainable practices. Education also plays a key role in conservation.

250 Words Essay on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife is a pressing issue in the contemporary world. Human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and industrialization have significantly threatened our natural habitats, causing a decline in biodiversity.

Forests and wildlife are integral to maintaining ecological balance. They serve as carbon sinks, absorbing greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Wildlife, on the other hand, plays a crucial role in pollination, pest control, and maintaining a balanced food chain.

Impacts of Deforestation and Loss of Wildlife

Deforestation and loss of wildlife have far-reaching impacts. It disrupts the balance of the ecosystem, leading to severe climatic changes, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity. The extinction of a single species can have a domino effect, causing the collapse of an entire ecosystem.

Conservation Strategies

Conservation strategies revolve around sustainable use and management of natural resources. These include the establishment of protected areas, implementation of laws against illegal hunting and logging, and promotion of eco-tourism. Additionally, reforestation and afforestation programs can help restore degraded habitats.

The conservation of forests and wildlife is not just an environmental issue; it’s a matter of survival for future generations. It is our collective responsibility to ensure that we use our resources sustainably, preserving the balance of our ecosystems. Through concerted efforts and global cooperation, we can protect and preserve our natural heritage.

500 Words Essay on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife

Forests and wildlife are integral parts of our planet’s ecosystem, playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. They not only support a diverse range of flora and fauna but also provide essential resources for human survival. However, with rapid industrialization and urbanization, the conservation of forest and wildlife has become a pressing issue.

The Importance of Forests and Wildlife

Wildlife, on the other hand, contributes to the biodiversity of the planet. Each species, no matter how small, plays a vital role in the ecosystem. They help in pollination, pest control, decomposition, and much more. Wildlife also has intrinsic value, enhancing our world with their beauty and diversity.

Unfortunately, human activities pose significant threats to forests and wildlife. Deforestation, driven by the need for agricultural land, timber, and urban development, is causing a rapid loss of forest cover. This not only results in a loss of habitat for wildlife but also contributes to climate change.

Poaching and illegal wildlife trade are severely depleting animal populations. Climate change, pollution, and invasive species further exacerbate the situation, leading to a significant decline in biodiversity.

Efforts towards the conservation of forest and wildlife must be multi-pronged. Legal measures, such as implementing strict laws against deforestation and poaching, can deter destructive activities. Protected areas, like national parks and wildlife reserves, should be established and effectively managed to provide safe havens for wildlife.

Community involvement is also crucial. Local communities should be educated about the importance of conservation and encouraged to participate in conservation efforts. Sustainable practices, such as community forestry and eco-tourism, can provide economic benefits while preserving the environment.

The Role of Technology and Research

Advancements in technology and research can significantly aid conservation efforts. Satellite imagery and remote sensing can monitor deforestation and habitat loss. DNA barcoding can help identify species and track illegal wildlife trade. Research on climate change, species ecology, and conservation biology can inform effective management strategies.

The conservation of forest and wildlife is not just an environmental issue; it is a matter of our survival. As we continue to exploit nature for our needs, we must also take responsibility for its protection. By understanding the value of forests and wildlife, implementing effective conservation strategies, and harnessing the power of technology and research, we can ensure a sustainable future for all life on Earth.

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Natural Resources Management Essays

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Importance of Natural Resources essay

Natural resources were historically an important condition of the successful development of countries. The disparity in the access to natural resources predetermined, to a significant extent, the socioeconomic disparity in the development of Northern countries and Southern ones. In fact, the economic and technological development of countries and the difference in their development was driven by the availability of natural resources, which stimulated the development of technology and, therefore, economic progress of those communities and countries, which benefited from the available natural resources and the backwardness of those countries and communities, which lacked natural resources. Even though today the process of globalization makes natural resources available worldwide, but the world economy still depends on natural resources and those countries, which have access to natural resources, especially fossil fuels, such as oil and gas, can keep progressing fast, while those, which have limited opportunities to use natural resources are doomed to backwardness.

            Historically, natural resources played the role of the main driver of the economic development of nations (Deudney & Flavin 114). For example, coal mining and the availability of iron to Great Britain allowed the country to become one of the leaders in the world economy and conduct its industrial revolution successfully. Similarly the availability of natural resources became the major condition of the successful economic and technological development of other powers, including the US, France, Germany and others (Kraft & Kameniecky 158).

At the same time, the significant role of natural resources as the major driver of the economic development becomes obvious, when the availability of natural resources, their use and historical socioeconomic and technological development of countries is compared. In this regard, the disparity between North and South is particularly obvious (McCormick 214). For example, early civilizations emerged in Northern hemisphere of the world basically due to the availability of natural resources, such as iron ore, for example, which allowed people to start making first tools as well as weapon. At this point, it is worth mentioning early civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, India and China, which were all located in Northern hemisphere due to the available natural resources, such as iron ores (Best 664). For example, the beginning of the early production of bronze boosted the technological and economic development of those civilizations. The further introduction of iron, steel and other materials based on the use of natural resources accelerated their economic and technological development even more. Moreover, even the early settlement of people were determined by their natural environment and availability of natural resources, such as water and fertile soil, which people used for their regular life and basic needs.

In the course of time, the role of natural resources increased even more because they became essential for the economic development of nations and fast technological progress (Lewis 245). At this point, it is possible to return to the time of the industrial revolution once again since the industrial revolution would be impossible without rich natural resources available to leading nations, such as Great Britain, France, Germany and the US (McCormick 148). The availability of such natural resources as coal and iron ore allowed them to boost their industrial production and develop transportation system, which, in its turn, accelerated trade within those countries as well as between those countries. At the same time, the rest of the world that had limited access to natural resources remained under-developed and suffered from technological and economic backwardness.

The role of natural resources as the major driver of the economic and technological development became even more evident in the 20 th century, when the traditional major powers, such as Great Britain, the US and others faced the tightening competition from the part of emerging economies of Southeast Asia (Kassman 149). In fact, the successful economic and technological development became possible due to the process of accelerated industrialization with the further transition to scientific, knowledge-based industries. The economic development of nations was therefore determined by the use of natural resources.

In this respect, it is possible to refer to the level of the energy consumption in the world in the 20 th century as well as today. The energy consumption is the major indicator of the level of economic and technological development of nations (Best 665). So far, the most developed nations have the highest level of the energy consumption, although they are trying to do their best to reduce this level to protect their environment and focus on the sustainable development (McCormick 124). However, the energy is still an essential condition of the successful economic and technological development as well as it is an essential condition of the maintenance of the competitive position of nations in the global economy.

At the same time, the lion share of energy in the world is generated by means of using natural resources, especially fossil fuels, like oil and gas. The share of renewable or alternative sources of energy is still low, whereas the major source of energy remains to be fossil fuels (McCormick 195). The availability of fossil fuels becomes the major factor that determines the competitive position of nations in the global economy. At this point, it is possible to refer to the crisis of the mid-1970s, which was triggered by the refusal of the Middle Eastern countries to sell oil at the low price (McCormick 202). This energy war resulted in a profound downturn in the economic development of the US and other well-developed nations. Today, the dependence of nations on fossil fuels is still very significant.

On the other hand, the availability of oil and natural gas allow countries to boost their economic development, even if they are mere exporters of natural resources. At this point, it is possible to refer to countries of the Persian Gulf region, which used to be poor, under-developed nations, while today, they have become prosperous, technologically advanced nations that play an important part in the global economy. Their progress was the result of the oil export, which boosted their development and allowed them to increase their role in the world economy since they become the major suppliers of oil to the global market (McCormick 215). At any rate, decisions taken by Saudi Arabia and other oil exporting countries located in the Persian Gulf have a considerable impact on the oil price and situation in the global economy because oil is still the major source of energy, which is required for the fast economic development and maintenance of stable functioning of well-developed economies. In such a way, the oil production and consumption has become the major driver of the economic development in the second half of the 20 th century and still remains today. Hence, oil is one of the most valuable natural resources today, which is essential for the normal existence of the modern civilization because without oil the current level of the energy production would be impossible, while the modern civilization will not survive without the high level of the energy production at the moment.

On the other hand, oil is just an example of the great significance of natural resources in the economic development of nations. The consumption of natural resources have become a norm that leads to the destructive impact of human economic activities as well as regular, everyday life activities on their environment (McCormick 156). For example, the consumption of timber has triggered the deforestation of many regions of the world that raises the problem of the threat to the natural environment. In addition, the use of natural resources leads to the pollution of the environment but the real problem of the modern world is the dilemma which virtually all countries face. On the one hand, they need natural resources to boost their economic and technological development, whereas, on the other hand, the use of natural resources leads to the further deterioration of the environmental situation.

Thus, today, nations need to develop new policies oriented on the wise and effective use of natural resources. However, what proves to be beyond a doubt is the great role of natural resources in the development of nations. Historically, naturally resources played the key part in the economic and technological development of countries and today they still play the crucial part in the development of nations because they determine the competitive position of nations in the global economy.

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Natural resources - Free Essay Examples and Topic Ideas

Natural resources refer to the materials found in nature that are essential for human survival and consumption. These resources include air, water, plants, wildlife, minerals, and energy sources such as oil, coal, and natural gas. The availability of natural resources varies depending on geographic location, climate, and human impact. Sustainable management and conservation of natural resources are critical to ensure their availability for future generations. Overexploitation and pollution can lead to the depletion of natural resources, leading to negative impacts on ecosystems and human well-being.

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Natural Resources Management Essay Sample

Natural resources play a very important role in ensuring the survival of human beings. However, the lack of proper natural resource management strategies could be very detrimental because it could lead to depletion of non-renewable resources. The purpose of this study is to put into a broader context what natural resource management entails and the challenges most developing countries such as Brazil face in their implementation of the natural resources management strategies. The paper will also look at some of the policies to be adopted to solve such issues. The research methodology that has been used to collect data used in the completion of this study is mainly from secondary sources. Several literature works have been used as references so as to provide a deeper comprehension of the research topic. Interviews have also been used as a method of data collection. They were carried through telephone and online. Evidence from the research has established the role of natural resource management in economic growth and environmental sustainability. It has uncovered some of the policy issues and challenges involved. The study has provided recommendations on how such problems can be solved. Although there have been some opinions to be contested from the literature works, the research has been conclusive and quite informative. The paper will come in educating the society about what they can do individually to conserve their natural resources and the environment as a whole. With the help of this research, the community will be keener on using recovery resources in order to avoid wastage of natural resources. This study contributes greatly in the field of natural economics. The reason is that through it improvements can be made where necessary. The paper contributes much to the field of economics of natural resources. There are new solutions that are given in the recommendations’ section. Brazil has never used these decisions to conserve there natural resources. Therefore, it will be critical in helping the country to come up with a solution on their environment.

Introduction

Natural resources contribute a lot to the economic growth of a country if they are managed properly. However, in most cases, their some challenges that countries go through in an attempt to use their natural resources in the best way possible. The issues may be as a result of management policies.

Background Information on the Study

Natural resources are raw materials that we get from earth; and they are not man-made. They are classified either as renewable and non-renewable natural resources. Non-renewable resources exist in fixed amounts and cannot be regenerated re-grown or remade in the exact rate that is consumed (Vaughn 2007, p.13). Such resources include fossil fuels that although they can be renewed they can take millions of years to do so. Therefore, they are not considered as renewable.

The amount of natural resources that the country possesses most of the time determines the wealth of that state and its status in the world economic system. A proper use and management of natural resources in Brazil has had its environmental and economic benefits (Davidson 2012, p.10).

Firstly, more use of renewable natural resources as compared to non-renewable ones has contributed greatly to the decline of environmental pollution (Grebner, Bettinger & Siry 2013, p.7). Non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels that have been in use for a long time have greatly degraded the environment especially through air, water, and soil pollution. However, the application of renewable resources such the sun, wind, and water in generating energy has reduced significantly the levels of carbon dioxide and nitrous emissions into the environment. Proper use and management of natural resources helps a country to have a stable supply of energy and be self-sufficient (Peacock 2008, p. 10). The state does not have to rely on depletable resources such as imported fossil fuels to generate energy. The need to meet the demand of non-renewable forces places the country at a risk. The reason is that most of its investments are used in the search for deposits of non-renewable energy sources.

Investing funds in the domestic production of energy from renewable resources such as the hydro, solar, and wind power enables the state to be independent. The reason is that they are a guarantee to a stable supply of energy throughout the years (Kothari 2005, p. 6). The use of renewable resources comes in handy especially in time of natural catastrophes such as hurricanes. They most of the time tend to destroy infrastructure necessary for the transfer of fossil fuels and natural gas.

Utilization of renewable resources assists in the regional development because it is more decentralized compared to non-renewable ones (Davidson 2012, p.18). Small areas can take an advantage of renewable resources available to promote the development. It has been previously enjoyed by regions with an access to infrastructure necessary to enable the exploitation of fossil fuels. Certain industries such as the tourism greatly rely on energy in order to keep afloat.

Unfortunately, most tourism regions are forced to import such energy that is very expensive. This fact forces them to make the tourists visits more expensive. It tends to lower the desirability of such regions. However, with the use of renewable resources such solar energy can greatly minimize tourism costs enticing more tourists to visit that particular district. Decentralized renewable resources also create jobs for the local people, which strengthen and grow the economy further.

Natural resources that are being discovered and exploited for the first time are referred to as virgin ones (McHarg et al. 2010, p.23). Such ones require a lot of financial and time investment. They lead to an increase in pollution. Continuous exploitation of virgin resources can lead to their exhaustion and depletion. In order to conserve the natural resources, their recovery is recommended. This practice involves processing already use up materials such as glass, paper, and metal. Therefore, they can be reused. Recovered resources also help in maintaining the earth’s biodiversity by protecting the wildlife and natural ecosystems.

Despite the numerous economic and environmental benefits that natural resources have, most developing countries like Brazil are not able to enjoy them (Menzies 2006, p. 20). There are various challenges and problems in policy issues in natural resource management. They make the proper utilization of resources difficult. Such policy issues that make proper natural resource management hard include; unclear property rights, market imperfections, the lack of information, empowerment and poor investment decisions by the concerned state departments.

Statement of the Problem

Proper natural resource management and use are necessary because it contributes to the growth of an economy. However, challenges related to the management and inefficient utilization of natural resources have led to a decline in the economic growth in Brazil. These risks are mostly policy issues which if handled in a right manner can improve with time and proper implementation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the policy problems associated with natural resource management in Brazil and come up with the ways to improve such situations. The research will also help in understanding the role that proper natural resources management plays in enhancing the economic growth in Brazil.

Research Objectives

1. To determine and understand how natural resource management contributes to environmental sustainability and economic growth in Brazil; 2. To investigate the challenges and problems in policy issues related to natural resource management in Brazil; 3. To find out what policy options the Brazilian state agencies should put in place in order to achieve proper natural resource management.

Research questions

1. How does natural resource management contribute to environmental sustainability and economic growth in Brazil? 2. What are the challenges or problems in policy issues related to natural resource management in Brazil? 3. What policies should the Brazilian state agencies put in place in order to solve the policy problems related to natural resource management in Brazil?

Literature Survey

This survey will cover the role of natural resources management in economic growth and environmental sustainability. The research will as well cover the challenges and policy issues related to natural resource management and the policy options available to achieve proper natural resource management.

Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability

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Initially most classical economists like Karl Marx with his theory of Marxism, John Nash with the Nash equilibrium, and John Keynes with his Keynesian economics, have attributed a country’s economic growth and ability to maintain the human welfare with its accumulation of human and physical capital. However, economics has evolved gradually. More economists are more acceptable to the fact that the economic growth is also dependent on the state’s natural resources that are commonly referred to as natural capital.

Despite this fact, debates have emerged on whether such sources lead to environmental degradation and a high level of poverty. Hence, there might be existing rent-seeking behaviors among some powerful people in the society who try to control the resources in order to benefit themselves. Such acts have been a major cause of conflicts among people with extreme cases leading to unrest and civil wars in some countries. Such incidences have occurred in Liberia where blood diamonds were a common source of civil war and environmental degradation. Another reason is the competitiveness and productivity in the secondary sector brought by an increase of exchange rates in the primary sector. These causes have led to misconceptions and failure by people to understand if managed properly. Natural resources can lead to tremendous wealth and economic growth as indicated in developed countries.

In order for economic growth sustainability to be achieved, natural resource management must go hand in hand with poverty alleviation (Claitor’s law books and publishing division 2014). Therefore, an incidence where well-being today leads to consequences that lower the well-being of tomorrow needs to be avoided. Economic growth and development are only achieved when it ensures that the present generation does not leave the future generation worse off. The future generation should have some access and the same, if not better, economic opportunities for the present generation. Some economists have emphasized this point by stating that the per capita welfare should not decline over time. State agencies must adopt better natural resources management nowadays in order to improve and enhance opportunities for the economic development in future.

However, many economics agree that the economic development of any country result to environmental degradation of natural resources, they are still debating on this issue. Therefore, they have different opinions about them. These contrasting views are presented in two sustainability points; weak and strong ones.

The initial opinion has argued that sustainability will be achieved as long as the used capital is replaced by physical and human capital. Contrary to the weak sustainability view, the strong one states that the compensation of deplete natural resources in the future may prove quite difficult. It is especially the case due to the environmental values may place on the depleted and scarce natural resources. The view suggests that instead of depleting natural resources available in present to be compensated later, more should be done to protect such resources. Therefore, they do not become depleted.

For the economic growth and environmental sustainability to be achieved other factors must also be taken into consideration. They include output consumption and technology. These factors are determined endogenously in the economy. For instance, the technology is determined by state agencies that rely on specifically suitable policies. The composition of output is also determined by other factors such as resource endowment, tastes, preferences, and demand during certain periods. Although growth may be dependent on the availability of natural resources, other factors should also be taken into account to ensure that the economy grows as a whole (McHarg et al. 2010, p.35). It is important to consider this fact in order to ensure that certain industries are not left behind as the economy grows in other sectors.

Challenges and Problems in Policy Issues Related to Natural Resource Management

Most developing countries are economically backward because of the lack of proper natural resources management strategies. The following ones are some problems and policy issues that make it difficult to achieve the proper sustainable economic development.

Property Rights

The lack of proper property rights being exclusive, complete and transferable contributes greatly to an inefficient utilization of natural resources. Most of them are full of weaknesses and loopholes that can easily be taken as an advantage of by rent-seeking people. Therefore, it becomes easier to over-exploit natural resources. Therefore, it has been a problem especially in many reforestation programs leading to deforestation. The reason is that some people take benefits of the weaknesses and overprice reforestation subsidies. They also lead to social inequalities in that the poor ones always get a smaller pie than what they rightfully deserve for. Meanwhile some few rich individuals benefit from the natural resources.

Nevertheless, if policymakers put the proper measures in place, then this problem can be successfully dealt with it easily. For example, there is a need for clarity in property rights where they are obscure or do not exist at all. Policy makers should also focus on poverty alleviation as an area of interest when altering the property rights distribution. Moreover, those property rights should be compatible with poverty alleviation in order for them to function.

Natural resource management strategies should be compatible with poverty alleviation. However, most of the time, it is not possible. The reason is that poverty itself hinders natural resource management. The land is the biggest natural richness that humans have an access to on the earth. In order to survive, it has been used all over by farmers in food production. Unfortunately, most of such people are poor; and they lack knowledge, skills, and technology necessary to improve food production. These factors limit the capability of farmers to adopt new response options available for resource utilization. The result in such cases is an increase in the environmental degradation and resource impoverishment. Once the technology options and other local possibilities have been exhausted, poor people become unwilling destroyers on their means of survival. For example, in an effort to increase their production and have no knowledge and technology to do so, most poor farmers opt to clear forests in order to create space for farming (Hackett 2011,p.25). However, it may solve the issue in a short run, but in a long one, they become victims of environmental degradation with less production. This process further impoverishes the poor curtailing their ability to adopt efficient and sustainable management policies. In order to achieve poverty alleviation, it must be taken into account when coming up with poverty alleviation strategies especially in degrading areas.

Market Failures and Policy

New strategies for management of natural resources can be adopted if their return is better than the one in place. Environmental degradation provides a high risk of the future crop failure. However, most poor farmers are not willing to invest money in technologies. Therefore, it means that the technology that is adopted leads to the expected future returns. Such choices are usually determined by public policies and other biophysical factors. In Brazil, markets are embedded with imperfections that lead to mispricing of value added products. Such ones are processed from natural resources. The result is that social and private prices differ makes the markets distorted or incomplete. Once it happens, efficient utilization of natural resources becomes difficult. The situation is worsened by the society’s elite taking an advantage to control and manipulate market incentives in order to benefit them. The existence of monopoly arrangements and market power also hinders the adoption of natural resource management strategies in such countries taking an advantage of their market power to sell products they obtain from natural resources at exorbitant prices. There is the reduced total welfare especially for the poor people in the society. However, with few alterations in the market system by policy makers, this problem can be reduced considerably. Some of the steps that policy makers can put in place will include regulation of other externalities. They bring about market imperfections introduce taxes or fees on user charges to complement market signals.

Poor Investment Decisions by State Agencies

Most developing countries that depend on non-renewable resources for economic growth and sustainability are overexploiting these resources. It occurs without investing in physical and human capital to sustain the economy for future generations (Bjørndal et al. 2010, p.13). The result is that their genuine savings rate greatly reduces. It is insufficient for future investments and economic development. Over-exploitation of this non-renewable resources leads to exhaustion and depletion of them. It poses another great economic problem because once the resources become depleted; they are forced to spend a lot on the importation of non-renewable sources in order to meet the growing demand for them. The situation is worsened by corruption and rent-seeking behaviors by elite powerful groups in the economy. They take an advantage of loopholes present for their self-benefit. However, if the state agencies concerned were to invest more in renewable natural resources, fewer expenses would be incurred. More of them would be used in the country’s development.

When the economy is at its boom, there is the tendency for state agencies to boost consumption and subsidies expenditure. Such decisions are very difficult to reverse especially when the economy is in recession leading to a lot of government debts, deficits, and eventually high rates of inflation. The latter ones hinder economic growth and development. Proper natural resource management requires that state agencies make investment decisions and policies able to buffer revenues. Those which match the economy’s absorptive capacity of investments are productive.

Population Pressure

Population growth in the developing countries like Brazil affects the adoption of natural resource management policy. A rapid increase in population forces a drastic measure to be made to ensure the survival of citizens. Such means includes deforestation where forests are cleared to create space for housing and for land to promote farming and food production. Population growth accelerates the use of natural resources in terms of inputs necessary to make value added products and the waste produced after the production phase. If these situations are not managed properly, the higher occurrence of natural sources depletion and environmental degradation will ensue. The application of advanced technology can help counter this issue. The reason is that it lowers the amount of natural resources required to produce certain output despite the population growth.

Lack of Information and Empowerment

The lack of proper natural resource management occurs as a result of missing the proper information and empowerment of the public on what steps to take in order to achieve efficient utilization of natural resources (Sato 2013, p.30). Information disclosure and encouraging public participation in this process is a key because it helps to make the work of policy makers easier in the implementation of environment conservation. The public needs to be empowered in a way they feel the fruits that natural resource management bears. Therefore, policy makers need to put in place incentives that help them gain the confidence of people. Therefore, they can freely volunteer in community resource management. The public should also be educated and trained on how to use natural resources they have sustainably.

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Research Methodology

In this part, the description of different sources of data and methods of data collection will be explained.

The interview has been among the method used to collect data for the research. It has been done through phone calls whereby the local and authoritative figures have been interviewed about the natural resources in their country. They have been questioned to get their feelings on how natural resources of their country are managed.

Government Data

Data are also available from the government about the natural resources in Brazil. The information includes different policies that are put in place in order to prevent the exploitation of these resources. The data have been critical for this research paper. The government information has been available in a form of tax records, surveys, and other statistical reports.

Published Data

There are many scholars who have written information about the natural resources in Brazil. The published data that I have used for the study include the information from newspapers, magazines, books, and periodicals. The majority of the cited sources are available in libraries and archives.

Electronic Data

Other reserves of information for this research paper have been electronic data such as television programs, documentaries, and movies.

The information for this study is also online. Books, articles, news, and reports about the natural resources in Brazil are available on the Internet. The benefits of the web are that the data have been available faster than from other sources. The most recent sources about the natural resources in Brazil have been accessible as well online.

Discussion of Findings

The research has been carried out using the methodology stated above. This part of the paper will discuss the findings from the study. It will also answer to the questions based on objectives.

Findings on the Background Information

The research has identified that natural resources consist of all vital things that human beings depend on for their survival. They are naturally happening and cannot be made by man. Human beings can only make value added products from natural materials to help enhance their total welfare.

The research has also identified that the general classification of natural resources depends on the following fact. It is an issue whether they can be regenerated or not (renewable and non-renewable natural resources). Initial ones can be generated. However, the rate of regeneration should go hand in hand with their rate of consumption. Non-renewable sources, on the other hand, cannot be regenerated; and they exist in fixed amounts. The use of renewable natural resources reduces the impact of environmental degradation than the use of non-renewable ones. They are at a higher risk of being depleted. It has been also discovered that the value of the country’s wealth depends on its natural resources endowment.

Overexploitation of natural resources can cause environmental degradation. It is, therefore, very important that state agents invest in resource recovery. The reason is that it minimizes the number of virgin resources that need to be exploited to meet the demand (Ojha et al. 2007, p.23). Protecting the earth’s biodiversity is important as wildlife species and other natural ecosystems are also very important in ensuring the human survival. The application of recovered resources also helps in ensuring that natural reserves are not wasted, but reused or recycled.

Findings on the Research Questions

Role of natural resource management on the economic growth.

Natural research management strategies need to be compatible with poverty alleviation. The strategies must not only consider the welfare of the present generation but also of the future one. State agencies should avoid policies that leave the offspring worse off than the present generation.

Cause of Natural Resources Exploitation

Weak policies of natural resource management in Brazil have enabled people to take an advantage of loopholes and overexploit natural resources (Rasband, Salzman & Squillace 2009, p.20). Corruption is also another challenge that Brazil is facing when it comes to the management of natural resources. Some powerful people who are in charge of protecting them might receive bribes to their overexploitation.

Poverty among citizens has also played a major role in natural resources exploitation in Brazil. Poor farmers may cut down trees in order to expand their land for cultivation. They do not have sufficient money to apply modern methods of production.

Conflicts within the Existing Literature

Some classical economists such as Karl Marx, John Nash, and John Keynes have been of the opinion that natural resources in some countries are a hindrance to economic development. They have felt that exploitation of them was a major cause of conflicts and civil war in some countries. Other economists have considered that the risk of the present generation depleting the available natural resources worked against economic sustainability. Others such Adam Smith and David Ricardo have stated that natural resource management strategies should incorporate compensation rules in terms of the irreversible depletion of natural resources to ensure long-term sustainability. These different opinions have led to the emergence of two sustainability views (weak and strong).

All the mentioned literature works have been in agreement that proper resource management strategies contribute greatly to economic growth and development. They also have shared the opinions of some few policy issues presenting a hindrance to natural resource management. One of policy issues coming out strongly in almost all the literature reviews has been that of unclear and non-exclusive property rights.

Limitations and Implications of the Study

Only few limitations that the research has have been:.

• Lack of enough material to collect enough data in order to make the study more conclusive and detailed.
• There have been also incidences of conflicting opinions in different literature works being available on the specific topics of natural resource management.
• The language barrier during phone calls as many Brazilian do not understand spoken English.
• Scarce resources, the research has required money especially during the data collection.
• Time constraint has been another problem because the time allocated for the research was not enough.

Recommendations

Having carried out the study has determined the policy issues and challenges to natural research management. There are some of recommendations that can help solve those problems and improve natural research management in Brazil.

• Incomplete and unclear property rights not only cause difficulties in implementation of natural resources management strategies, but also discourage investments. The reason is that the property rights lack non-exclusion, farmers, for instance, are discouraged from investing in flood control schemes. There is a likelihood that other farmers will benefit without paying. This problem can be solved by having clarity in property rights. It involves clearly stipulating the regulations concerning the spatial and temporal extent of an activity. Penalties also need to be included in the property rights’ instruments on what action should be taken.
• Technological regulation needs to be put in place so that firms are left with a little chance of using substandard technology to exploit natural resources. More efficient technological equipment should also be adopted especially in the fisheries industry.
• Performance regulations should be put in place so that there are quotas on the amount of natural resources can harvest. The limitation given will also help in controlling the cost of the scarce product and eliminate rent-seeking behaviors by some individuals.
• The public should be empowered and motivated to participate in natural resource management. It can be done through certification and green labeling. In order to save forests, consumers should be sensitized so that they buy certified forest products.

Natural resources are a source of wealth for countries; and proper management should be put in place in order to prevent overexploitation. Poverty is a major contributor of over-exploitation of natural resources in Brazil. Mostly, farmers who do not have enough of them to apply the modern means of production cut down trees to increase the size of cultivation land. Some classical economists have thought that natural resources were the hindrance of economic growth of the country. Meanwhile others suppose that natural resources can improve the wealth of countries if they are managed well. The area that needs to have a further research is the one that is related to the rate that the natural resources are depleted in Brazil.

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Essay On Water Management

500 words essay on water management.

Water management refers to activities that plan, develop, distribute and manage the optimum use of water resources. Everyone can do this from local authorities to individuals at home. Good water management allows access to safe water for everyone. Through an essay on water management, we will go through it in detail.

Importance of Water Management

Water management impacts various aspects of our lives. As water is common, we do not think much of its management. But, if we ask the deprived people, they will know the importance of water management very well.

As we require drinking water, clean drinking water is a necessity. No human can survive without water. Further, we also need water management for cleaning and washing. For instance, we bathe, wash our clothes and utensils to maintain hygiene .

Further, agriculture requires water for growing the food that we eat every day. Thus, a good water supply becomes essential. Moreover, we also enjoy swimming, boating and other leisure activities in the water.

For instance, swimming pools and more. Thus, water needs to be managed so people can enjoy all this. Most importantly, water management ensures that our rivers and lakes do not contaminate. Thus, it helps maintain biodiversity.

Ways of Water Management

There are various ways available through which we can manage water. The major ways of water management include recycling and treating wastewater. When we treat wastewater , it becomes safe to be piped back to our homes.

Thus, we use it for drinking, washing and more. In addition, an irrigation system is a very good way of water management. It involves a good quality irrigation system which we can deploy for nourishing crops in drought-hit areas.

By managing these systems, we can ensure water does not go to waste and avoid unnecessarily depleting water supplies. Most importantly, conserving water is essential at every level.

Whether it is a big company or a small house, we all must practise water management. The big industries use gallons of water on a daily basis. At homes, we can conserve water by using it less.

Further, it also applies to our way of consumption of products. A large amount of water goes into the production of cars or a simple item like a shirt. Thus, we must not buy things unnecessarily but consciously.

It is also essential to care for natural supplies like lakes, rivers , seas and more. As you know, these ecosystems are home to a variety of organisms. Without its support, they will go extinct. Thus, water management becomes essential to ensure we are not polluting these resources.

It is also crucial to ensure that everyone gets access to enough water. Some parts of the world are completely deprived of clean water while some have it in abundance. This is unfair to those who do not get it which also causes many deaths. Thus, we need water management to avoid all this.

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Conclusion of the Essay on Water Management

If we look at the current situation of water depletion, it is evident that we are in dire need of water management. We must come together to do our best to ensure that everyone is getting access to safe water daily so that we can lead happy lives.

FAQ of Essay on Water Management

Question 1: What is meant by water management?

Answer 1: Water management refers to the control and movement of water resources for minimizing damage to life and property. Moreover, it is to maximize effective beneficial use.

Question 2: What are the ways of water management?

Answer 2: There are numerous ways of water management. Some of them are the treatment of wastewater, deploying good irrigation methods, conserving water whenever possible. Further, we must also care for natural sources of water like rivers, seas, lakes and more.

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Sustainable Management of Natural Resources - Essay Example

• Subject: Physics
• Type: Essay
• Level: Masters
• Pages: 5 (1250 words)
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CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Notes

According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been removed from  NCERT Class 10 Science textbook .

CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management Of Natural Resource Notes

Introduction.

Natural resources are substances obtained from the planet that is used to sustain life and provide for human needs. A natural resource is something that comes from nature that humans use. Natural resources include things like stone, sand, metals, oil, coal, and natural gas. Air, sunlight, soil, and water are other natural resources.

The well-being of people depends on natural resources. We cannot survive without the freshwater we drink, the plants we consume, or the pure air we breathe. To build roofs over our heads and heat our homes, we require natural resources.

Pollution in Ganga

• The river Ganga is used as a sewage dump for more than 100 cities stretching across Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.
• Dumping of untreated sewage,  excreta and chemicals from industries increase the toxicity of the water.
• This makes it inhabitable for flora and fauna in the river system.
• In 1985 the GAP (Ganga Action Plan) project was initialised to curb the poor quality of the water of the river Ganges.

Reduce, Recycle and Reuse

The 3 Rs to save the environment can be performed by each individual in our society:

• Reduce: Reducing our usage and wasteful habits. E.g. not wasting food, turning off the switches to save electricity, repairing leaky taps, reducing the amount of water used for bathing, etc.
• Reuse:  Using things again instead of discarding them. For example, reusing plastic utensils and bottles. Many things cannot be recycled or require a lot of energy; instead, we can utilize them for other purposes.
• Recycle: Collecting discarded paper, plastic, glass or metal objects to manufacture different products rather than synthesizing them from scratch. It must have a mechanism to segregate and dispose of each type of waste separately.

To know more about Saving the Environment from Pollution, visit here .

Why Do We Need to Manage Our Resources?

Need to manage natural resources.

• Due to the ever-increasing population and rising demands of changing lifestyles, natural resources are being depleted at an alarming rate. To ensure sustainable, equal distribution of resources and reduction of damage to the environment, management of resources must be an integral part of our society.
• We must ensure judicious use of our natural resources as it is not unlimited, and management of such requires long-term planning in order to last generations.

Increase in Demand for Natural Resources

• The increasing population is increasing the demand for more resources that are getting depleted at an exponential rate.
• Changing lifestyles and advancements in technology are compelling industries to exploit our natural reserves to meet the demands.

To know more about the Management of Natural Resources, visit here .

Forests and Wildlife

• Forests are termed biodiversity hotspots.
• Biodiversity is the variety and range of plant and animal life in a particular habitat.
• Loss of biodiversity may result in loss of ecological balance and damage to the ecosystem.

To know more about the Conservation of Forests and Wildlife, visit here .

Stakeholders of Forests

When we consider the conservation of forests, we must consider the following stakeholders:

• People who habituate around forests are dependent on forest produce.
• The Forest Department of Government owns the land and resources.
• Industrialists: who use the forest to produce certain products, e.g. leaves of Tendu for bidis  and paper mills.
• Conservationists and wildlife enthusiasts who want to conserve nature in its pristine form.

To know more about the Stakeholders of a forest, visit here .

Monoculture

• Monoculture is the cultivation of a single crop in a given area.
• Excessive monoculture destroys the biodiversity of the area.
• Various needs of the people local to forest areas are neglected, such as leaves for fodder, herbs and fruits for consumption.

Industrialist’s Mentality and Influence

• Industrialists consider forests as a source of raw materials.
• Industries have more political power than the locals and only bother about meeting their demands. They do not care about sustainability and will move on from one habitat to another in search of raw materials.

People’s Intervention in Forests

• Human intervention is a necessity in the management of forest resources and landscapes.
• Resources must be utilised to ensure development while preserving the environment.
• Benefits must go to the local people to ensure economic growth and conservation takes place simultaneously.
• Examples: Bishnoi community in Rajasthan for saving Khejri trees in Jodhpur Rajasthan.

Damage to Forests and Wildlife

• Excessive and lawless utilisation of forests will deplete the resources quicker than they can be restored.
• Destroys the ecological balance and may damage the habitats of various species of flora and fauna.

Sustainable Development

• Sustainable development needs all stakeholders of forest resources to be satisfied.
• In reality, industries use forests at rates far below the market rates, which causes conflict between local dwellers and industrialists.
• West Bengal’s Arabari forests are well-known for being protected areas. This forest gained notoriety as a result of the participation of locals who established a community and worked with village police and forest officials to ensure that there was no significant deforestation, land poaching, or illegal wildlife hunting there.

Chipko Movement

• Originated in Reni Garhwal, high up in the Himalayas.

• The movement quickly gained popularity and media attention and forced the government to rethink the management of forest resources.
• The involvement of local people is equally important in the management of forest resources.

Water for All

• Water is a necessity for all terrestrial forms of life.
• In India, places having water scarcity are also places experiencing acute poverty.
• Despite the monsoon, there exists a failure to retain groundwater due to the loss of vegetation and the release of effluents from industries.
• Decrease in fresh usable water due to the destruction of the water table and disruption in the water cycle.

To know more about Water, visit here .

Rains and Irrigation Practices

• Intervention of the government to pursue mega projects neglected the local irrigation methods.
• Strict regulations on the usage of stored water and building tanks, dams and canals
• Optimum cropping patterns must be followed based on water availability.

Involvement of Local People (ex: kulhs)

• Himachal Pradesh had a canal irrigation system called kulhs where flowing stream water was diverted to man-made channels, which took it to villages down the hillside.
• The water was used first by the village farthest from the origin of the kulh. This helped water percolate in the soil.
• It was made defunct after the government irrigation system took over.
• Dams can store large amounts of water and generate electricity.
• Mismanagement of dams causes exploitation, and there is no equitable distribution of this resource.
• Criticism about large dams addresses: (i) Displacement of tribals without compensation (ii) Corruption and consumption of money without generation of benefits (iii) Environmental problems like deforestation.
• For irrigation, water from dams is used.
• Dam water is purified and made available for drinking in neighbouring towns and cities.
• Hydroelectric power is produced by dams and utilised to produce electricity.
• Dams stop flooding from taking lives and property.

Coal and Petroleum

Water harvesting.

• Water harvesting encourages soil and water conservation in order to sustain and increase biomass.
• Increases income for the local community but also alleviates floods and droughts.
• Examples: Rajasthan’s tanks, Khadins, and Nadis; Maharashtra’s Tals and Bandharas; Madhya Pradesh’s and Uttar Pradesh’s Bundhis; Bihar’s Pynes and Ahars; Himachal Pradesh’s Kulhs; Kattas in Karnataka; ponds in the Kandi belt of Jammu region; Eris (tanks) in Tamil Nadu and Kerala’s Surangams.
• Water harvesting constructions are crescent-shaped earthen embankments/concrete check dams built in areas that are seasonally flooded.
• The main purpose is to recharge groundwater.

The following is a list of the advantages of a rainwater harvesting system.

• Decreases the demand for water imports.
• Encourages energy and water conservation.
• Increases groundwater availability and quality.
• Does not need a filtering system for irrigation in gardens.
• This technology is comparatively straightforward and simple to install and use.

Groundwater

Advantages:

• does not evaporate
• recharges wells
• when flowing does not allow mosquitoes to breed
• does not come in contact with human contamination

To know more about Groundwater, visit here .

• Coal and petroleum are derived from fossil fuels, which are non-renewable. They will get depleted in due time. Hence, proper management of the consumption of fossil fuels is important.
• Their combustion pollutes our environment due to the production of oxides of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen. Therefore, we need to use these resources judiciously.

To know more about Coal and Petroleum, visit here .

Why Should Fossil Fuels Be Used Judiciously?

• Fossil fuels are formed over millions of years of degrading biomass and have a huge amount of carbon.
• When combusted in a limited supply of oxygen, they form harmful gases that pollute the atmosphere, which leads to global warming.
• Judicious use of fossil fuels addresses the efficiency of our machines and ensures the sustainability of our resources for the future.

Choices that Can Make a Difference in Energy Consumption

• Put your computer to sleep.
• Unplug any gadgets and equipment you are not using.
• Shower for fewer minutes.
• Set the refrigerator to 37–40 degrees F.
• Reduce your plug load by using a power strip.
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
• Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
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Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

What is sustainable development.

Sustainable development is defined as an approach to developing or growing by using resources in a way that allows them to renew or continue to exist for others.

What are the types of natural resources?

Natural resources include oil, coal, natural gas, metals, stone and sand. Air, sunlight, soil and water are other natural resources.

What are the main reasons for water pollution?

1. Rapid urban development 2. Improper sewage disposal 3. Oil spills 4. Chemical waste dumping 5. Radioactive waste discharge

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Pakistan Rich in Natural Resources But Poor in their Management

September 4, 2011 Essay , September 2011 Leave a comment

Pakistan is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of natural resources

Outline 1-    Introduction 2-    Natural Resources and their management 3-    Richness / abundance of natural resources in Pakistan 4-    Pakistan’s natural resources and their mismanagement a)    Energy resources i-    Nonrenewable energy resources a.    Oil and Gas reserves b.    Coal reserves ii-    Renewable energy resources a.    Wind and solar power b.    Hydropower b)    Agricultural resources i-    Irrigation Network ii-    Fertile Land iii-    Variety of Crops iv-    Animal Husbandry v-    Fishing c)    Mineral Ore Resources i.    Copper and gold resources. ii.    Salt mines and other minerals d)    Human resources i.    Sixth Largest Population in the World ii.    Youth comprising major chuck

5-    Factors leading to poor management / Governance a)    Political instability/ rivalry, b)    Lack of vision and planning, c)    Flawed policies, d)    Bureaucratic bottlenecks and corruption, e)    Worsened Law and order situation, 6-    Implications of mismanagement of natural resources 7-    Way forward 8-    Conclusion Essay Pakistan is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of natural resources but also one of the poorest among them in their management. The country is abundant in the vital resources including that of energy, agriculture, minerals, population, and geography, but unlike the developed countries, these have not been properly exploited due to poor management. This dismayed situation is caused due to several, both chronic and acute, flaws which have led to poor governance of country since its inception except some brief spells of economic prosperity. Prevalent political rivalry and instability, worsening law and order and rampant corruption have catalyzed the situation to resource development impasse.  Contrary to economic potential of its natural resources, Pakistan is a depending on foreign aid and debt, it is facing deficit in trade, acute energy crisis to run industry, and water stress for agriculture, to name a few challenges.

However, the daunting challenges and the mounting public pressure caused due to awareness of civil society are increasingly influencing the political decision making. Eventually, there is sign of hope for devising effective strategy to exploit the natural resource wealth of the country for its self sufficiency and viable economic development. It is suffice to say that the proper exploitation of this wealth would lead to the prosperity of this nation.

Before discussing what natural resources Pakistan possesses, it is important to understand what constitutes natural resources. These occur naturally within environments characterised by amounts of biodiversity and geodiversity existent in various ecosystems. Some resources like water and agriculture are essential for survival of inhabitants while others like energy and minerals are secondary in nature but essential for economic development. However, efficient management of these resources is vital to achieve prosperity of nation. Natural resource management is a discipline with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations. It is interrelated with the concept of sustainable development. Pakistan is blessed with huge quantity of resources but lags in management.

There are plenty of nonrenewable energy resources like oil, gas and coal in Pakistan. It has more than 436.2 million barrels of oil, according to CIA World Fact Book, and 31.3 trillion cubic feet of proven gas reserves. The current oil production is 65,997 barrels per day while gas production is 4 billion cubic feet per day. Though it is not enough to meet the needs, it can save considerable outflow of currency. Moreover, there is resource potential of 27 billion Barrels of Oil and 282 TCF of gas reserves in the country which has not been explored due to lack of vision and flawed policies.

Pakistan has world’s second largest coal deposits of 185 billion tons. These are estimated to be equivalent to 618 billion barrels of crude oil. This is more than twice if we compare it with oil reserves of Saudi Arabia. If it is converted into oil by gasification, it will generate 650 barrels of crude oil which at an average market rate of eighty dollars per barrel, would generate 5.2 trillion dollars. But the policy making elite of the country has not only been oblivious to the potential but also indifferent to the slow pace of efforts to harness this source for energy production and exports. The energy deficit is badly affecting the industry in country but no any serious initiative is taken for electricity production from coal. China imports its 65 percent of coal requirements but despite being ‘all weather friend’, this giant energy importing economy does not import coal from Pakistan.

Besides, the geography of Pakistan enriches it with the renewable energy resources. Wind and Solar energy are other unused lifelines of Pakistan. 1046 km long coastal line gives potential of 40000 MW of electricity. The vast lands of Balochistan can be utilized for solar electricity generation. But unfortunately these resources have barely been used due to technological backwardness and lack of innovative policies.

The lack of vision and policy planning in utilisation of water resource is also severely affecting agriculture. Despite having one of the largest irrigation systems of the world, Pakistan is facing water scarcity for crops. Storage capacity of water reservoirs is quickly depleting because of annual sediment inflow and a substantial quantum of available water is lost in seepage as the canals have not been cemented. Out of 77 million acres cultivable area, only 55.5 million acres have been ploughed. The country is blessed with four seasons and variety of crops but due to lack of research the productivity remains low.

In addition, being an agricultural country it possesses tremendous scope of animal husbandry. Pakistan’s breeds of cow like Sahiwal cow are the best breeds of world. Due care to this area can lead to bulk of exports in dairy products. On other hand, fishing industry has an important role to play in national economy of Pakistan. The coast line of 814 km provides ample opportunity to enhance this industry, but poor performance and poor presentation of our cause in WTO have put this industry at the verge of destruction.

The minerals are also vital natural resources available in great quantity. Pakistan has fifth largest copper and gold reserves in the world. The Riko deq project, copper and gold reservoir, have been estimated to be worth of 260 billion dollars, which is ten times the all financial aid received from USA in last sixty year. But instead of exploiting own resources for economic independence, country has been dependent on foreign aid. How rich Pakistan is, and how poor Pakistanis are! There are other partially untapped resources of rock salts, Gypsum, lime stone, iron, marble, and silica sand in large quantities. These resources have not been exploited due to corruption and bottlenecks in political and bureaucratic culture.

The most important of the natural resources in this globalized world is human resource. Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world having large share of ‘young population’ i.e. 63 percent below age of 25 years, according to United Nations Development Programme.  But the failed policies have caused mounting unemployment of 15 percent. The resource which could be used to enhance the economic activity is left to no use which is adding to the increase in poverty. The lack of opportunities leading to the brain drain of talented minds has further worsened the situation.

The above analysis reveals that Pakistan is not poor, but poorly managed country. The factors which have caused the poor management of natural resources include political instability, political indecision making / divergence, lack of vision and planning, flawed policies, bureaucratic bottlenecks and corruption, lack of human resource development, worsened law and order situation. These factors have led not only to the poor management of natural resources but also to the poor governance of country.

The political instability has been the main cause of such mayhem. Since the independence, no political group in Pakistan has been given enough time to be mature. The military interference in politics and rivalry among political stakeholders are the key features of brief history of this country. This inconsistency has kept the exploitation of natural wealth unattended. The divergence of opinion on construction of water resources has deprived the country of storing the surplus water for agriculture and electricity generation. However, this could be overcome by vision and planning, which is a scarce commodity here. Instead of controversial big dams several small reservoirs could be constructed, had a pragmatic approach prevailed among the decision making machinery.

Coupled with this, the flawed policies of successive governments have caused tremendous problems despite availability of adequate resources. The energy sector is a vivid example of such poor management. The major chunk of the electricity is produced through thermal generation for which almost 80 percent of oil is imported. Whereas the second largest treasure of coal in the world is left unexplored as it contributes only 2 percent of electricity generation. Countries like US, China and India generate electricity by almost 60 percent from coal due to its lower cost. This shows how other countries take cost of electricity generation into serious consideration.

However, it would be unfair to put all the burden of poor resource management on the political factors. The bureaucratic bottlenecks and corruption have been equally responsible for this undesirable scenario. Several hydro power projects, Thar coal project, and oil exploration projects are in doldrums due to bureaucratic bottlenecks. There is no headway in solar and wind energy projects planned by Alternative Energy Development Board. Similarly, corruption has also been extremely detrimental. The standstill in the Riko deq project is an example of this case. Pakistan is ranked at 34 in Corruption Perception Index 2010 by Transparency International, which is a discouraging factor for foreign direct investment.

These factors of poor management have placed Pakistan in an undesirable situation domestically and internationally. The socio-economic situation remains gloomy as the GDP growth rate is one of the lowest in South Asia at 2.2 percent, trade deficit is estimated about $16 billion, inflation rate continues to be in double digits at 15 percent, population below poverty line is alarmingly around 35 percent, and unemployment is at 15 percent.

Also, it does not enjoy a favorable position among the comity of nations. It is ranked 123rd out of 139 countries in Global Competitive Index; it is at 134th among 192 in Human development Index by UNDP; and it occupies the critical position of 12th in Failed States Index 2011 issued by Foreign Policy Magazine.

The country has been economically dependent on foreign aid and debt, which has adversely affected her standing in international community. However, despite Pakistan’s crucial role in west’s geostrategic framework and war on terror, the allies end up donating small amounts of grants which make fractions of what could be obtained from exploiting own natural resources. The external debts and liabilities have nearly doubled from $ 37 billion in year 2000, to $ 59.5 billion in year 2011.

Nevertheless, the worst impact so far is the energy crises in Pakistan. There is serious shortfall of electricity, gas and oil. Electricity demand exceeds supply and “load shedding” is a common phenomenon. The shortfall of electricity reaches at 4000-5000 MW which badly affected industry, eventually leading to decreased exports and diminished economic activity.

These adverse implications, of the extremely poor management of resources, on the economy and society in the country, warrant a serious approach and comprehensive strategy to reverse the trend. The pragmatic approach and policy direction can help the country to be able to rely on its own resources instead of dependency.

In order to take maximum benefits from natural resources there is the need of technical education of people involved in resource exploitation and management. The technical education ensures that there is minimum wastage of the resources. Hence, such education should be made compulsory for the people in concerned areas of activity.

On the other hand, the politicians, policy makers and all the stake holders must adopt a rational approach not to politicize natural resources. It should be prioritized as the vital national interest and dealt with as such. The controversies on the management of water and mineral resources must be resolved pragmatically for best interest of the nation.

Last but not the least, worsened law and order situation in Pakistan, which has led to the lack of investment, must be checked. The private firms engaged in resource exploration must be protected by the state. Ensuring the security, would attract investment in the respective areas which would subsequently guarantee the inflow of capital in the national economy and the resource potential could be fully exploited.

It needs not to be emphasised that Pakistan is not poor but poor management of its natural resources has made it so. The enormous natural resources of all kinds like energy, minerals, agriculture, and human could have made this country a wealthy economy. Instead, there been bleak picture of economy and undesirable image outside due to the chronic flaws in vision and policies. Thus, the daunting challenge of poor management of natural resources direly needs to be addressed not only to overcome the perils caused due to it but also to achieve economic self sufficiency and prosperity of the nation. By surpassing this challenge, Pakistan is destined to have eminence place in the world as a stable, growing and prosperous nation.

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Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

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Sustainable management of natural resources is one of the best ways of ensuring the conservation of these invaluable resources for future generations. Factors like human activity and climate change have continuously put pressure on the existing resources and even claimed the depletion of some. However, these resources play a key role in the ecosystem and their destruction not only threatens the existence of humans, plants and animals but the entire planet. This implies swift and effective measures should be in place so as to reduce the looming threats, while also trying to repair the damage already done to the surviving natural resources.

There are various kinds of natural resources spread across several parts of the world. Some of the most common natural resources include water, oil, wood, minerals, air, and wind energy among others. These resources are critical in the survival of the earth and all that live in it. It is through the resources that we are able to get food, fuel, energy and water for home and industrial operations, fresh air to breathe among other needs.

In fact, our social, economic and environmental health relies on the management of natural resource. As a result of this, the responsibility for sustainable management of these resources do not only lie with policy makers but every individual.

Areas of Focus in the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

In many cases, the goals of sustainable management of natural resources have not been effectively achieved due to a number of reasons. One of the main reasons is because of the general perception that has been given to the issue. In order to understand the state of natural resources, there are certain specific areas that should be focused on.

The following are some of the key indicators of the state of natural resource management;

• Economic and ecological interrelationships in ecosystems management
• Carbon emissions, climate change and bio-energy
• Valuation of ecosystem services
• Management of multi-use natural resources like national parks, game reserves

The main objective of sustainable natural resource management is to conserve them for the generations to come.

How to achieve Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

We rely on natural resources to supply our basic needs ranging from food, shelter, clothing, healthcare and energy. However, not much has been done to ensure the sustainability of these resources. In fact, we have not treated nature with the same kindness that it has served us with over the years. In order to ensure a sustainable society, we have to recognize the impacts of our lives on nature, the resources it offers and take necessary actions towards reducing the risks.

Researchers and scientists have been on the job to come up with measures for conserving a variety of the natural resources that are greatly threatened like water, soil, biodiversity and vegetation.

Today, governments and agencies have also formulated policies towards the sustainable management of nature. Although the policies vary from one country to another, they generally focus on reducing the strain on natural resources. These policies focus on advocating for the use of recycled products, cutting down the rate of carbon emissions, protection of water bodies and forests. Another key area of focus is the regulation of mining activities to ensure that the resources are not depleted.

Challenges Facing Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

Despite the various policies and actions that are being taken towards the conservation of natural resources, there is a series of challenges that have hindered the realization of the objectives. Some of the challenges are within reach while others are also uncontrollable. The following are some of the main challenges faced in the management of natural resources.

• Poor environmental practices
• Drought conditions
• Rapid population growth inserting pressure on existing resources
• Conflicts in the making of decisions regarding natural resource allocation and use
• Lack of adequate policies, regulations, strategies and structures

Even as the global campaign towards sustainable management of natural resources continue to build up, it is clear that more appropriate measures are still required. For a sustainable society that can guarantee our social, economic and environmental well being, we should start looking at the conservation of nature as an individual responsibility.

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UPM takes nature into account in its daily operations

Forests are Finland's most important natural resource. The forestry industry operates in an environment where different values related to forests, such as biodiversity, climate, recreation, and economy, are balanced every day. Not all values can be taken into account on every forest plot simultaneously; rather, the use of forests is a compromise between these different values. However, there are matters in which no compromises are made. Complying with the law is, of course, a requirement that UPM does not compromise on.

Protected areas are excluded from logging

One of the key measures to safeguard forest biodiversity is the protection of environmentally valuable areas.

"These areas are typically entirely excluded from commercial forestry in Finland," says Sami Oksa , UPM Forest and Timber's Stakeholder Relations Director in Finland.

When a decision is made to protect an area, the information is recorded into the protection database maintained by the Finnish Environment Institute, from where it can be downloaded for use by various parties. At UPM, this data is used as part of our geographic information system.

Some protection data is confidential and only released by authorities

"In such cases, UPM receives information about the protected sites when we plan our logging and submit the legally required “forest use declaration” to the Forest Centre. The “forest use declaration” is used to apply for a logging permit for a specific forest area. 

If there is a protected site known only to the authorities in or adjacent to the area of the planned logging, the Forest Centre will also notify the ELY Centre (Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment). The ELY Centre then instructs the company to exclude the protected site from logging, as well as to establish sufficient buffer zones and take other measures to preserve the site's conservation value," Oksa explains.

UPM has used the protection data maintained by the Finnish Environment Institute as part of its geoinformation programs to ensure the preservation of protected areas and the smooth implementation of measures. The data is continuously updated in the company's systems to ensure that the latest information is always available.

Valuable habitats are safeguarded

Forests are diverse habitats. Even in a small area, variations in ground shapes and soil fertility create different growth environments, ranging from barren rocks to lush and wet depressions. Valuable habitats are often small in size and distinct from the surrounding nature; examples of these habitats include lush groves, springs, or treeless open bogs.

"Some valuable habitats are legally protected, while others are sites based on voluntary forest certification or forest management guidelines. Landowners or logging planners may not necessarily have prior knowledge of these valuable habitats, but they must be identified and protected during the planning of logging," Oksa explains.

"When a valuable habitat is identified during logging planning, it is recorded in UPM's geographic information system. This way, the site is visible on the map to the machine operator, who excludes the site from logging. Forest owners can also provide UPM with the protection data for their forest property, allowing previously identified valuable habitats to be effectively considered already in the logging planning phase."

Species protection requires expertise

Forests are a habitat for nearly half of Finland's species. Most of these species are viable, but there are also slightly over 800 endangered species. Endangered species are taken into account in various ways in forest management. For some species, such as the flying squirrel and the osprey, precise guidelines exist on how to preserve their habitats if logging is conducted in areas where these species have been sighted. For other species, plans are made on a case-by-case basis. Measures range from excluding the site from use to leaving deadwood and retention trees in the area.

Some endangered species have been placed under a strict protection order by decree. For these species, the ELY Centre can make protection decisions to secure their habitats. In such cases, the site is declared a protected area and becomes part of the protection data. The landowner is then entitled to compensation for not being able to carry out logging in this area.

Some endangered species are mammals, but the majority are small, even microscopic organisms that cannot be detected without prior knowledge or expertise. 

"UPM uses the endangered species data maintained by the Finnish Environment Institute, which allows for the consideration of previously observed endangered species when planning logging," Oksa says.

Nature management in commercial forests aims to ensure biodiversity in the long term

Nature management in commercial forests involves preserving and increasing structural features which are valuable for biodiversity, such as deadwood or rare deciduous trees, or managing valuable habitats. For example, deadwood is the most significant structural feature that enhances forest biodiversity.

Deadwood is increased by leaving retention trees and creating buffer zones near water bodies in the forest when logging is conducted. Over time, the trees die and become deadwood. As they decay, they create habitats for decomposers, mosses, and insects, including endangered species. The change does not happen quickly, as many endangered species require a specific type and age of deadwood. However, time does its work. Every tree left for nature is valuable.

The management of habitats is another key measure to ensure biodiversity. Controlled burning of forests and the management of eskers create habitats for fire-dependent species and for species that compete for light with trees on eskers.

"UPM implements nature management measures in commercial forests as part of its everyday operations in every logging area. By doing so, we are creating opportunities to both utilize forests commercially and to protect and enhance the biodiversity of commercial forests far into the future," Oksa explains.

Celebrating the International Day of Forests

We want to better understand the impact of forest certification on biodiversity, the world benchmarking alliance has ranked upm #1 in the 2023 nature benchmark.

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