essay on lakshminath bezbaruah in english language

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Lakshminath Bezbaruah: Architect of Assamese Renaissance and literary luminary across ages

Dipak Kurmi

(The writer can be reached at [email protected])

Lakshminath Bezbaruah emerged as a formidable figure, embodying the creative and intellectual revival of modern India. His contribution mirrored the Assamese manifestation of a resurgence in emotions, thoughts, and imagination, echoing the developments in various parts of the country during the nineteenth century. Bezbaruah’s literary works served as a reflection of the contemporary Assamese mindset, catalysing a rejuvenation of the language, literature, culture, and society of Assam. His literary journey, spanning from 1890 to 1938, encompassed roles as a storywriter, poet, lyricist, novelist, playwright, biographer, essayist, and journal editor. This period, often referred to as the ‘Bezbaruah Yug’ (Bezbarua Era), marks his enterprising representation and dedication to the cause of self-assertion and establishment in Assam.

The Kamrupi dialect played a significant role in the early stages of Assamese literature. When the Ahoms arrived in Assam in 1228 A.D., they preferred the Kamrupi script and the Tai language for issuing their royal edicts. The Buranjis and their chronicles, although written in formal Assamese, stand as the most noteworthy literary contribution from the 600-year-old Ahom era. By the end of the thirteenth century, narrative poems in Assamese by Hem Saraswati and Harihar Bipra, alongside works by Rudra Kandali, Kabiratna Saraswati, and Madhab Kandali, dominated the literary scene of 14th-century Assam. The language used by these poets reflected that Assamese had not only attained a distinct identity but had also acquired the finesse for expressing sophisticated literature. Madhab Kandali’s poetic style showcased the inheritance of a rich literary tradition. The language reached its maturity in the hands of celebrated Vaishnavite poets Sankardeva (1449–1568) and Madhabdeva (1489–1596), with Ananta Kandali and Ram Saraswati following suit. Bhattadeva (Bhagawat Bhattacharya), born in 1558, translated the ‘Bhagavata’ and the ‘Gita’ into colloquial prose, leading to a significant shift in language preference. Bhattadeva’s prose influenced the textual language of Charitputhis (biographical sketches of saints) in the sixteenth century. Ajan Fakir (Shah Miran, b. 1610) composed jikirs and jaris with a spiritual tone, spreading messages of peace through the intimate flavour of the language. The philosophical depth encapsulated in seemingly simple lines, such as ‘Waters die of thirst, fires die of cold,’ represents poetry at its splendid best.

After the signing of the Treaty of Yandaboo in 1826, which brought Assam under British control, Baptist missionaries arrived with the primary goal of spreading their religion. Initially, they had the Bible translated into Assamese by Atmaram Sharma, but its quaint language failed to make the desired impact. Recognizing the need to connect with the masses effectively, they realized the importance of using the language prevalent among the local people. In 1846, they initiated the first Assamese journal, Arunoday, whose language captivated the attention of post-Ahom Assamese prose pioneers like Anandaram Dhekial Phukan, Gunabhiram Barooah, and Hemchandra Baruah. Besides this trio, many others consistently contributed to Arunoday. For ambitious and promising students in Assam, Kolkata became the most sought-after centre for higher studies, where they were exposed to Western literary trends reflected in Bangla literature. An intense nationalist spirit found powerful expression in the fervent and impassioned verses of Kamala Kanta Bhattacharya (1854–1936), who also commenced his literary career through Arunoday.

The dawn of modern Indian literature marked the convergence of oriental and occidental influences, emerging as the nation liberated itself from colonial rule. Hemchandra Baruah and Gunabhiram Barooah’s literary endeavours, along with contributions from figures like Chandra Kumar Agarwalla and Rajanikanta Bordoloi, played a pivotal role in establishing the foundation of this literary fusion in Assamese.

After completing his matriculation in 1886, Lakshminath Bezbaruah spent over thirty years in Kolkata. During this period, the profound influence of Bengal’s language, literature, culture, and society on him was evident, especially during his formative intellectual development and association with the Tagore family. This impact was heightened after his marriage to Pragyasundari Devi, the niece of the Kaviguru Rabindranath Tagore, in 1891. Despite these influences, Bezbaruah remained unwavering in his dedication to the development of the language and literature of his homeland. His enthusiasm and determination never faltered, and he continued to strive for the realization of his dreams. Despite being deeply involved in the timber trade business, he remarkably maintained a consistent and diverse literary output, characterized by a diction and dimension that would go on to set a trend for generations to come.

The Asomiya Bhasa Unnati Sadhini Sabha was established in Kolkata, and in 1889, Lakshminath Bezbaruah, along with his associates from the renowned triumvirate—Chandra Kumar Agarwalla and Hemchandra Goswami—launched the celebrated monthly literary journal, Jonaki. The journal had specific objectives, including elevating the status of the Assamese language, enriching Assamese literature with new thoughts, ideals, subjects, and forms, reforming Assamese society, and rediscovering the wealth and beauty ingrained in Assamese tradition and folklore.

Bezbaruah embarked on his literary journey with the light-hearted play titled ‘Litikai’ (The Aide) in 1890, showcasing his proficiency in various literary genres. He demonstrated skill as a novelist, poet, lyricist, playwright, essayist, biographer, translator, and editor. His literary works were marked by a remarkable sense of wit and humor, defining a distinct class of their own. His belles-lettres, particularly ‘Kripabor Baruar Kakator Topola’ (1904) and ‘Kripabor Baruar Ubhatoni’ (1909), brought both amusement and enlightenment to the readers. His satire and unique humour challenged the prevailing Assamese mindset.

Bezbaruah’s collection of verses titled ‘Kadamkali’ (Lotus Buds), published in 1913, attested to his poetic accomplishment. An edited version of his lyrics, ‘Mor Desh’ (My Motherland), has been universally accepted as the anthem of Assam. Noteworthy is Bezbaruah’s proficiency in the English language, evident in lines such as ‘Awful naughty that boy...’,’steal the flute, pay back in his own coin’, and ‘pray have no nonsense’ in the poem ‘Brinda-Chandrawali Sangbad,’ which adds a casual tone and flavour to the verse. Regardless of whether the verses carried serious or humorous content, there was no room for pessimism or lamentation. Bezbaruah advocated for the advancement of mankind amidst the joys and sorrows of life, celebrating human strengths and acknowledging foibles with hope for a brighter future.

In 1905, Lakshminath Bezbaruah published the novel ‘Padum Kunwari’ (Lotus Princess), narrated with a fragrant touch of lyricism and imbued with a strong patriotic fervor. His collection of stories, including the widely loved ‘Burhi Air Xadhu’ (Granny’s Tales), ‘Kokadeuta Aru Natilora’ (Grandpa and Grandson), ‘Surabhi’, ‘Junuka’, ‘Jonbiri’, etc., released between 1909 and 1913, continues to captivate both young and old audiences. These enchanting tales convey messages of peace and evoke feelings of compassion and empathy among readers.

His historical plays, ‘Joymati Kunwari,’ ‘Chakradhwaj Singha,’ and ‘Belimar,’ all published in 1915, exclusively depict glorious episodes from the history of Assam. Through compelling portrayals of moments of pathos, Bezbaruah convincingly illustrates the rise and fall of kingdoms and personalities. The first Assamese film, ‘Joymati,’ created by Jyotiprasad Agarwalla in 1935, is an adaptation of Lakshminath Bezbaruah’s play, ‘Joymati Kunwari.’

Bezbaruah’s biographies, ‘Sankardeva’ (1911) and ‘Sri Sankardeva Aru Madhabdeva’ (1914), emphasise the strong roots of Assamese culture and the contribution of socio-cultural and literary genius in unifying Assamese society. They bring about spiritual, cultural, and literary enlightenment through the medium of art and culture. Through these biographies, Bezbaruah sought to bring these luminaries out of supernatural confines and install them in every Assamese heart. He also penned a biography of his father entitled ‘Dangoria Dinanath Bezbaruah,’ published in 1909. His autobiography, ‘Mor Jivan Suwaran’ (Reminiscences of My Life), published in 1941, includes heart-touching illustrations of a 35-year span, capturing moments of elation and dejection. Apart from narrating his life and philosophy, the autobiography sheds light on the cultural tradition and natural ambiance of Assam.

Bezbaruah’s translated work, ‘Bharatbarshar Buranji’ (History of India), published in 1906, attests to his historical awareness and consciousness. He edited the journal ‘Banhi’ (The Flute) from 1910 to 1935, stirring the latent creative urge in the Assamese minds and hearts. The satirical and inspirational contents of the journal immensely contributed to creating awareness and cautioning people against idleness, which is a granary of perpetual despair. Bezbaruah’s presidential speech at the Asom Sahitya Sabha session in Guwahati in 1924 is filled with invaluable insights into language, culture, society, integration, and assimilation from his distinctive perspective. Additionally, he delivered a memorable speech on the philosophy of Vaishnavism at Baroda in 1933, invited by the Maharajah of Baroda. This speech was later published in book form in 1969 as ‘The Religion of Love and Devotion.’

Lakshminath Bezbaruah’s creative prowess, awareness, and foresight were deeply influenced by his immersion in a diverse range of literature, spanning from ancient Sanskrit to the latest Western output. His mind was consistently driven by the aspiration to firmly establish the language and literature of his homeland at a prestigious and admirable level, elevating the Assamese identity to a pedestal of pride. Bezbaruah possessed a keen understanding of the nuances and intimate characteristics of the Assamese language, allowing him to pioneer a new style of prose where emotion seamlessly merged with intellect. He held the belief that a region’s literature flourished more by delving into its folk roots than by relying on translations from foreign literature. Striving to set a trend with distinctive elegance and appeal, Bezbaruah delivered a historic legacy—a heritage that continues to inspire and invigorate succeeding generations.

Lakshminath Bezbaroa (1864-1938) : a sesquicentennial tribute | Krishna Dulal Barua

Lakshminath Bezbaruah | Krishna Dulal Barua

History without shadows — significant moments of Assamese literature (The Book Review;Vol.XXI, No.4 / North East) : Prof. Pradip Acharya
Asomiya Sahityar Samikhyatmok Itibritti : Dr Satyendranath Sharma
Bezbaruar Nirbachita Rasana : compiled by Dr Nagen Saikia

Krishna Dulal Barua has been consistently translating poems, short- stories and literary articles from Assamese to English. His ‘Selected poems of Nilmani Phookan’ published by the Sahitya Akademi appeared in 2007.He received the Katha Award for translation in 2005.

Far So Far by Georgia Amane - A Short Story On Indian Review

One response to “Lakshminath Bezbaroa (1864-1938) : a sesquicentennial tribute | Krishna Dulal Barua”

It provides an analysis of forms of Asomiya consciousness; Asomiya consciousness may be considered as an outcome of various tumults historically – important are the Ahom dynasty, Colonial Modernity, dominion of Bengali nationalis models. Lakshminath Bezbaruah’s literary carrier is a pannationalistic portrayal of Asomiya social-cultural traditions.

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Laxminath Bezbarua

Laxminath Bezbarua the author of Assamese journal Jonaki (1889), which begins the period of modern assamese literature. Thus began the Jonaki period of Assamese literature. Laxminath Bezbaruah popularly known as Rasaraj(Some people says Roxoraj) or 'The King of Humour' born in November 1868.

Lakshminath Bezbarua was born on a boat in a sand bank of the river Brahmaputra at Ahatguri, near Nagaon on a Lakshmi Purnima night, in November 1868. His father Dinanath Bezbarua, a senior official with the British government, was in the process of moving toBarpeta. An official transfer, Bezbarua had undertaken the journey by road. It was on this journey that young Bezbarua was born. Lakshminath Bezbarua recalled this unusual event in his autobiography Mor Jiuan Sowan. Looking back on his rather unusual birth, he added that when a male child was born in those days it was customary to welcome the newborn by blowing conchshells and perform other auspicious rites. But under such extraordinary circumstances Lakshminath had to come to the world without any of the usual welcome rites.

Lakshminath Bezburua spent his childhood in different places of the state. His father brought his family with him from Barpeta to Tezpur. From Tezpur they shifted to North Lakshimpur. In between the family stayed for a brief while at Garchati and finally they settled in Sivasagar.
For Lakshminath, childhood memories would always remain more vivid, especially when compared to the more blurred recollections of his days as a young adult.

Lakshminath Bezbarua (1868-1938) dominated the Assamese literary scene for about half a century. During his life time he devoted himself to revive the lost glory of the Assamese language and literature. In those days Assamese was not used in the school and courts of the state. Lakshminath Bezbarua fought an incessant battle with many of his contemporaries to establish a proper place for Assamese in the state. His literary and cultural crusade was aimed at the overall development of the Assamese society.

During this time the famous Assamese periodical Jonaki was launched under the leadership of Chandra Kumar Agarwala. He was the editor and the publisher of the journal. Lakshminath Bezbarua actively participated this venture. His first satirical pieces appeared in the pages of Jonaki, in the second year of the journal, he wrote extensively under the pseudonym Kripabar Barua. Hemchandra Goswami, another stalwart of the time also worked to make Jonaki a successful venture of the period.

The patriarch of young Lakshminath's family was Dangoria Dinanath Bezbarua. Dangoria had engaged the services of a man called Rabinath Majudotor Barua to take care of his grandchildren. Rabinath had no formal education. But for the children he was a treasure house of folk tales and stories from religious scriptures and mythology. Rabinath quickly became friend, philosopher and guide to the young Lakshminath. During the mornings Rabinath was his playmate and in the evening a regular story teller.

Noted poet Neehnoni Phukan says Bezbarua's sensibility is a rare phenomenon in Assamese literature. Phukan admits that Bezbarua's Burhi Air Sadhu remains his all time favourite book. Even to this day he re-reads the narrative, and with every new read he discovers the unique appeal of the tale.

O mor aponar desh (or O mor aponar dex) is the state song or state anthem of the Assam. It was written by Laxminath Bezbarua and attuned by Kamala Prasad Agarwala. The song itself is from among the finest poems created by Laxminath Bezbarua. It was first published in 1909 in an Assamese magazine named Baahi (Flute in English). It was officially adopted as the Assam's state song in 1927 at Oxom Chhatra Xonmilon held in Tezpur. The song is also included in Kadamkali authored by Bezbaruah. It is the most popular Assamese patriotic song of all time.

Lakshminath Bezbarua has to his credit three historical plays and four farces. Even the first Assamese film made by Jyotiprasad Agarwalla was based on Lakshminath's play Joymati. Bezbarua was overwhelmed by Jyotiprasad Agarwalla's Joymati (1935) and conveyed this feeling to the filmmaker by writing a note of appreciation, on the film during the last days of his life. Bezbarua was equally pioneering and prolific when it came to writing prose. His favourite form when writing prose was the historical novel and easily cast himself as the master of this genre in Assamese literature when he wrote his acclaimed Podumkuwari.

Bezbarua was an unashamed liberal and all his observations of people and places were strongly tinged with this sense of rationalisation. His thought provoking essays on the position of religion in everyday life reflects his rationalisation as well as his liberal outlook. Though patriotism was a dominant emotion whenever he wrote a personal essay, he could just as easily slip into the analytical world of spirituality in his later works.

As a human being Lakshminath Bezburua was honest, sincere and open-minded. He was a product of the Bengal renaissance and the romantic idealism of the Western world in the real sense of the term. He cherished the renaissance ideals strongly exhibited in the life of Anandaran Dhekial Phukan (1829-1859) who was a dreamer and visionary of 19th century Assam. Like an archetypal romantic hero, Lakshminath Bezbarua was a wanderer in his real life too. He spent a considerable part of his life touring and visiting the jungles of Sambalpur and even the forests of Assam. Later he was to use material from these visits in his prolific writing. Deeply patriotic, Bezbarua remained loyal to his first love, literature. Which was also his way of communicating intimately with the people around him.

In his autobiography he unflinchingly noted the weaknesses and failures of his life and career. Including the fact that he was unable to clear his law examination. After graduating from General Assembly College Bezbarua had wanted to go abroad for higher studied. Unfortunately his conservative family did not approve of the idea, so Bezbarua stayed on. But he was able to withstand tough opposition at another crucial juncture of his life. Growing up in a strictly Vaishnav environment, Bezbarua faced opposition when he decided to marry Prajnasundari Devi, the granddaughter of Maharshi Devendranath Tagore, according to Brahmo rites. He even refused to accept the Rs 10,000 dowry from the Tagore familyUnfortunately like many great writers, Bezburua was denied the recognition he deserved during his lifetime. The response to all 25 books he published, before 1930, was met with little or no appreciation from the general public. Even today, very little of his prolific output is really appreciated. The house in Calcutta where he lived lies in ruins. He died in Dibrugarh on March 26 and the Asom Sahitya Sabha annually observes this day Sahitya Divas.

I) Kadam Kali

I) Padum Kunwari

I) Surabhi

II)Xadhukathaar Kuki

III)Jonbiri

IV)Kehokali

I)   Junuka

II) Burhi aair xadhu

III) Kokadeuta aaru nati lora

IV) Baakhar

I)   Kripabor Baruar Kaakotor Topola

II) Kripabor Baruar Obhotani

III) Barbaruar Bhabar Burburani

IV) Barbaruar Bulani

I) Litikai

II) Nomal

III)Paachani

IV) Chikarpati Nikarpati

I) Joymati Kunwari

II) Chakradhwaj Singha

III) Belimaar

I)   Dinanath Bejbaruar Xankshipta Jiban Charit

II) Sri Sri Shankardev

III) Mahapurush Sri Sankardev Aru Madhabdev

I) Mor Jiban Sowaran

II)Patralekha, Dinalekha

I)   Kaamat Kritatwa Labhibar Xanket

II) Bhagawat Katha

III) Bharatbarshar Buranji

IV) Tatwa Katha

V) Sri Krishnakatha

VI) The Religion of Love and Devotion

VII)Axomiya Bhaxa Aru Xahitya

Photos of Laxminath Bezbarua

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Lakshminath Bezbarua

Learn about this topic in these articles:, place in assamese literature.

…the early modern writers was Lakshminath Bezbaruwa, who founded a literary monthly, Jōnāki (“Moonlight”), in 1889, and was responsible for infusing Assamese letters with 19th-century Romanticism. Later 20th-century writers have tried to remain faithful to the ideals of Jōnāki . The short story in particular has flourished in the language; notable…

…the early modern writers was Lakshminath Bezbarua (1868–1938), who founded a literary monthly, Jonaki (“Moonlight”), in 1889 and was responsible for infusing Assamese letters with 19th-century Romanticism, which had by then begun to fade from Western literature. Later 20th-century writers tried to remain faithful to the ideals expressed in Jonaki .…

Lakshminath Bezbarua

Lakshminath Bezbarua (1868–1938) was one of the pioneers of modern Assamese literature. He was a great poet, writer, satirist, playwright and children’s literature writer. It is Lakshminath Bezbarua who wrote the state anthem of Assam – O Mur Apunar Dekh. He is best known in Assam as the Sahityarathi (meaning Charioteer of Literature in English) and Rasaraaj (King of humor).

Lakshminath Bezburuah married Pragyasundari Devi, a niece of the great Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore. He presided over the All Assam Students’ Conference at Guwahati in 1921. In 1924, Bezbarua became the president of the 7th annual session of Assam Sahitya Sabha held at Guwahati. Lakshminath Bezbarua died in Dibrugarh on March 26, 1938.

Works of Lakshminath Bezbarua:

Poetry Collection: Kodam Koli (1913), Podum Koli (1968)
Novel: Podum Kunwari (1905)
Short Story Collection: Surabhi (1909), Xadhukathaar Kuki (1912), Jonbiri (1913), Kehokali
Children’s literature: Junuka (1910), Burhi aair xadhu (1911), Kokadeuta aaru nati lora (1912), Baakhar
Plays: Joymoti Konwari (1915), Chakradhwaj Singha (1915), Belimaar (1915), Litikai (1890), Chikarpati-Nikarpati (1913), Nomal (1913), Pachoni (1913)
Comic Plays: Litikai (1890), Nomal, Paachani, Chikarpati – Nikarpati
Autobiographical: Mor Jiban Sowaran, Patralekha, Dinalekha
Biographies: Dinanath Bezbaruar Xankshipta Jiban Charit, Sri Sri Shankardev, Mahapurush Sri Sankardev Aru Madhabdev
Collection of satire essays: Kripabor Barbaruar Kaakotor Topola (1904), Kripabor Barbaruar Obhotani (1909), Barbaruar Bhabar Burburani, Barbaruar Bulani
English Books: The Religion of Love and Devotion (1968),History of Vaishnavism in India, Rasalila of Sri Krishna

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4 comments in “ Lakshminath Bezbarua ”

His mother name is not mention in his aut obiography

Can anyone upload in pdf “milaramor atmojiboni” by lakshminath bezbaruah

As known from his autobiography Bezbarua did not secured his M.A. and B.L. degrees

gud………..

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Contribution of Lakhshminath Bezbarua to Assamese Sahitya and Culture

Buddhadev Ray Asstt. Professor, Department of Assamese, Manikpur Anchalik College, Bongaigaon, Assam

In Assam, Lakshminath Bezbaruah is referred to as Sahityarathi. He was a well-known Assamese literary author. His literary works include novels, short stories, poems, articles, romantic belles letters, plays, editing of Jonaki magazine, and more. The author of Jonaki, who starts the volume of current Assamese literature, is Laxminath Bezbaruah. At this time, Chandra Kumar Agarwala led the introduction of the well-known Assamese monthly Jonaki. For at least fifty years, his works dominated the Assamese literary scene. Throughout his life, Bezbarua dedicated himself to bringing Assamese literature's once-lost brilliance back to life in all genres. Back then, Assamese was not included in the state's curriculum or upper education courses. His goal was to popularize Assamese literature across India, not only in the state of Assam. Bezbarua wrote and created art with the intention of advancing Assamese society overall.

Extracted from: www.Lakshminath Bezbarua.com

Extracted from: www.govt. of Assam,Miistry of cultural affairs.Lakshminath Bezbarua.com

Chatterjee, S.K. : Places of Assam in the History and Civilization of India , Gauhati, 1954

Neog, Dimbeswar : New Light on History Assamiya Literature , Gauhati , 1962

Nath, Rajamohan :The Background of Assamese Culture , Shillong ,1948

Roy, Nirendranath: Shakespeare His Audience and his Readers, Calcutta ,1965

Hajarika, Atulchandra (ed) :Bezbaruahar Granthavali , volume I , Gauhati , 1968

Baruah, Birinchi Kumar : Assamese Language and Culture , Gauhati, 1957

Dutta, Birendranath : Asamiya Kabitar Kahini , Gauhati , 1969 [13] Goswami , Prafulladatta :Sahitya aru Jiwan , Gauhati , 1955

Neog, Dimbeswar : Asamiya Sahityar Buranji , Gauhati,1957 [15] Asamiya Sahityar Adhayan , Gauhati , 1964

Neog, Maheswar (ed) : Snatakar Kathabandha , volume I , 1974 ; volume II, 1975

Neog, Hari Prasad : Bezbaruahar Bani , Jorhat , 1969

Sarma, Benudhar : Arghyavali , Gauhati , 1964

Saikia, Chandra Prasad (ed) : Lakshminath Bezbaruah , Gauhati , 1968

essay on lakshminath bezbaruah in english language

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Rasaraj Laxminath Bezbaruah - The Great Assamese Writer

Rasaraj Laxminath Bezbaruah

9 comments:

Nice writing on Bezbaruah

Yes it's realy nice writing

I am always a reader of Laxminath Bezbaruah because he is one of those few writers who had connections with Kolkata , He did his degree from City College and M.A from Calcutta University. He wrote many satirical stories about Bengal life of the zamindars and their luxurious life. You have rightly focused on the life of LNB.He also wrote short stories, which covered the different features from the Assamese society with humorous sentiment, which fetched him the name of Roxoraj. He also got remarked as a patriotic playwright and wrote three historical plays, namely Joymoti Konwori, Chakradhaj Singha, and Belimaar. . Yes. I too love his satirical and humourous stories.. very good article. you may read my article on LNB in two parts in The Eastern Chronicle published in 2014 in which I highlighted his sense of humour and Kolkata connections.

Number 1 article..dr

Very good writting on Bezboruah

Wow... Very good essay writing.

wow is very nice writing. it's easy writing

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Bezbaroa's Language: A Linguistic Appraisal

2014, Perfect Imagers, Guwahati

This paper tries to make a linguistic evaluation of the language of Lakshminath Bezbaroa, the doyen of Assamese literature and language.

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Lakshminath Bezbaruah was an honest writer of Assamese Literature. He was a novalist,editor of Journal Jonaki, poet and play writer of recent Assamese literature. Laxminath Bezbaruah the author of Jonaki, which begins the amount of recent Assamese literature. During this point the famous Assamese periodical Jonaki was launched under the leadership of Chandra Kumar Agarwala. He was the editor and thus the publisher of the Journal. Lakshminath Bezbaruah activety participated this venture. His first satirical pieces appeared within the pages of Jonaki, within the second year of the journal, he wrote extensively under the pseudonym Kripaabar Baruah . Lakshminath Bezbaruah dominated the assamese literary scene for about half a century. During his life time he devoted himself to revive the lost glory of Assamese literature. In those days, Assamese wasn't utilized within the varsity, course of the state. Lakshminath Bezbaruah fought for incessant battle with many of his contemporaries ...

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Iftikar A Ahmed , Arup Kumar Nath

The state of Assam in India is the home to the people who speak Assamese, an Indo-Aryan language. Assamese is the native tongue of the people of Assam and the official language of the state of Assam. Based on linguistic standards and conventions, Assamese is a vital language for writing. However, when we attempt to see the language from the viewpoint of native speakers' attitudes towards the language, we find that the language is steadily deteriorating among the linguistic community. This deterioration is caused by Linguistic Imperialism. Linguistic Imperialism is a phenomenon in which a dominant language attempts to weaken other languages both socially and politically and in a theoretically founded way. The impact of the dominance is increasing day by day due to which a negative attitude has increased significantly among the native speakers of Assamese who considers English as superior to their mother tongue. Negative attitude is one of the reasons of language endangerment and we cannot deny the possibility of endangerment of the Assamese language in the far future if the dominance of English goes on increasing. History is evident that languages with a huge literature and population got extinct because of the reasons like negative attitude, dominance of other languages, decreasing rate of fluent native speakers, examples of such languages are Sanskrit, Hebrew, etc. This paper tries to analyse the negative attitude which is gradually increasing in the Assamese language and ways to strengthen it by reverting the dominance of Linguistic Imperialism by languages like English and Hindi.

Devananda Bharali evoked a great change in the Assamese language studies during the time when other linguists were busy at grammar making. Bharali wrote new types of grammar than other types of grammar which were being written till the first of twenty century. He wrote a book titled 'Asomia Bhashar Moulik Bichar' (1912). In this book he did not follow the model of grammar, he discussed philologically as the later stage of grammardictionary. When Bharali made discussions philologically about the Assamese language at that time not only in Assam but also whole over India no discussions were made systematically in philological perspective. At that time Bharali gave surprise to the literal society by making a philological book in the Assamese language. By this he was able to open many ways in the scientific research of the Assamese language. Thus Bharali moved forward a step to philological studies from the history of traditional Assamese language study. He made a foundation of philological studies in the history of the Assamese language discussion. So, in this prospect the above topic has been chosen.

Studies in History

Bodhisattva Kar

This article deals with the politics of envisioning a vernacular for Assam proper during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Through a small, connected history of orthographic contests, grammarians’ debates and print-culture, it tries to understand the various ways in and through which the boundaries of a vernacular were drawn, policed and violated during this period. Rather than narrating the complexities of the question in terms of stable and ever-present languages, this article attempts to show how the metropolis-oriented production of linguistic knowledge came to hypostatize an abstract grid of standard languages within which the mutable, heterogeneous and fluctuating speech practices (and the corresponding scribal culture) of a frontier province had to be definitively mobilized. The article explores the debates regarding the alleged dialectal status of the ‘Assamese’ and traces some connections between spatial sequence, linguistic imagination and proprietorial logic.

Indo-iranian Journal

George Cardona

Biswadip Gogoi

A history of literature, in broad sense, also could reflect the transitions in thoughts, imaginations, ideologies and lifestyle of a specific linguistic community. The same could also be witnessed in the case of a history of translation as translation has been playing a vital role in the growth of different languages and literature of the world. The history of translation in Assamese is as old as the written Assamese literature. Though the role played by translation in the growth and development of Assamese language is crucial, an extensive history of translation in this language has not been compiled so far. At this backdrop, this article attempts to document various translation or trans-creation activities that took place in different periods or eras during the development of Assamese language and literature. While acknowledging the impossibility of documenting enormous amount of translations done over the years in such a small article, a sincere effort will be made to present an outline of translation literature in Assamese using the linear periodization as more often employed in Assamese literary historiography.

Mrinal Kaul

The study maps thoroughly how different concepts and theoretical aspects of linguistics are applied in literary criticism. Diverse linguistic features are analyzed in literary criticism to highlight how they are used differently by poets and writers from the way they are commonly used. Since the early 20 th century, due to the influence of formalistic critical practice, it has been the common pursuits of the critics to enquire how special uses of linguistic elements contribute to achieve the literariness in a text. Further, it is interesting to note that that from the mid-20 th century linguistic codes and conventions have been appropriated as the paradigm in a number of Language in India www.languageinindia.com

Indian Journal of History of Science

Satarupa Dattamajumdar

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Essay on Lakshminath Bezbaroa in Assamese

সাহিত্যৰথী লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা Lakshminath Bezbaroa

লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা ১৮৬৪-১৯৩৮) আধুনিক অসমীয়া সাহিত্যৰ এজন পথ-প্ৰদৰ্শক। কবিতা, নাটক, গল্প, উপন্যাস, প্ৰবন্ধ, ৰম্যৰচনা, সমালোচনা, প্ৰহসন, জীৱনী, আত্মজীৱনী, শিশুসাহিত্য, ইতিহাস অধ্যয়ন, সাংবাদিকতা আদি সকলো দিশতে বেজবৰুৱাৰ অৱদান অমূল্য। কৃপাবৰ বৰুৱা ছদ্মনামত বেজবৰুৱাই “কৃপাবৰী ৰচনা” সাহিত্য সৃষ্টি কৰি এজন সমাজ সংস্কাৰক হিচাপেও চিনাকি দিছে।

জন্ম	১৮৬৪, ১৪ অক্টোবৰ আহঁতগুৰি
মৃত্যু	১৯৩৮, ২৬ মাৰ্চ ডিব্ৰুগড়
পেছা	গল্পকাৰ, নাট্যকাৰ, ঔপন্যাসিক, কবি, হাস্যৰসাত্মক লেখক, সমালোচক
ভাষা	অসমীয়া
ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয়তা	ভাৰতীয়
নাগৰিকত্ব	ভাৰতীয়
শিক্ষা	কলা স্নাতক
সময়	১৮৬৪-১৯৩৮
উল্লেখনীয় কৰ্মৰাজি	মোৰ জীৱন সোঁৱৰণ শ্ৰীশ্ৰী শঙ্কৰদেৱ আৰু শ্ৰীশ্ৰী মাধৱদেৱ
উল্লেখযোগ্য বঁটা	অসম সাহিত্য সভাৰ সভাপতি (১৯২৪ চন), অসম ছাত্ৰ সন্মিলনীৰ সভাপতি (১৯১৬ চন)
দাম্পত্যসংগী	প্ৰজ্ঞাসুন্দৰী দেৱী

Table of Contents

বৰ্তমান অসম সাহিত্য সভাই তেওঁৰ জন্ম চন ১৮৬৪ চনৰ ১৪ অক্টোবৰ বুলি নিশ্চিত কৰিছে। আনহাতে বেজবৰুৱা গ্ৰন্থাৱলীৰ তৃতীয় খণ্ডত প্ৰকাশিত দিনলিপিত তেওঁ ১৯৩২ চনৰ ১৩ অক্টোবৰ বৃহস্পতিবাৰৰ দিনলিপিত “My birthday, fed Senapatis etc.” বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছে। এই ফালৰ পৰা বেজবৰুৱাৰ জন্ম তাৰিখ ১৩ অক্টোবৰ বুলিও অনুমান কৰিব পাৰি।

নতুন পৃথিৱীৰ নতুন দিগন্তত, ন চকুযুৰিত দীপ্তি ঢালি লৈ, পুৰণি পৃথিৱীক ন-দৃষ্টিৰে চাই অসমীয়া ভাষা সাহিত্যৰ পুৰণি ভঁৰালটোক নতুন সৃষ্টিৰে বিনন্দীয়াকৈ বেজবৰুৱাদেৱে সজাই থৈ গ’ল, ১৮৬৪ চনৰ কাতি মাহৰ লক্ষ্মী পূর্ণিমাৰ চন্দ্ৰমাৰ স্নিগ্ধ-মধুৰ জ্যোৎস্নাভৰাশুভ পৱিত্ৰ লগ্নত “ভূমিষ্ঠ নহৈ নৌকাস্থ হােৱা” ডাঙৰীয়া দীননাথ বেজবৰুৱাৰ পুত্র লক্ষ্মীনাথে যি জ্যোতিৰ মালাৰে পৰিবৃত হৈ গ্রহণ কৰিছিল, সেই জ্যোতিৰ মালাৰেই অসমীয়া ভাষা-সাহিত্যৰ জগৎ উদ্ভাসিত কৰি থৈ গৈছ Essay on Lakshminath Bezbaroa in Assamese

পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ বৈষ্ণৱাদর্শই শৈশৱৰেপৰা বেজবৰুৱাক প্ৰভাৱান্বিত কৰিছিল। তেওঁ তেজপুৰ, লক্ষীমপুৰ, গুৱাহাটী, শিৱসাগৰ আদি ঠাইত শিক্ষা লাভ কৰি প্ৰৱেশিকা পৰীক্ষাত কৃতিত্বেৰে উত্তীর্ণ হৈ কলিকতাত প্রথমে ৰিপন কলেজত আৰু পাছত চিটি কলেজত পঢ়ি ফাষ্ট শিক্ষা আর্ট আৰু বি. এ. পাছ কৰে। তাৰ পাছত এম. এ. আৰু আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে যদিও ডিগ্রী নােহােৱাকৈ অধ্যয়ন সমাপ্ত কৰে। ইংৰাজ চৰকাৰে তেওঁক মুন্সি পদ যাচিছিল যদিও তেওঁ তাক প্রত্যাখ্যান কৰি স্বাধীনতা-পয়াসী উচ্চ মনৰ পৰিচয় দিছিল। কলিকতাত থকা কালতে বেজবৰুৱাদেৱে কলিকতাৰ বিখ্যাত ঠাকুৰ পৰিয়ালৰ জীয়াৰী প্ৰজ্ঞাসুন্দৰী দেৱীৰ লগত বিবাহ পাশত আবদ্ধ হয়।

বেজবৰুৱাৰ কলিকতীয়া জীৱনে আনে তেওঁলৈ সাহিত্য সাধনাৰ অফুৰন্তশক্তি আৰু অনুপ্ৰেৰণা। “ৰােমাণ্টিক কাব্যদর্শনৰ ত্রিমূর্তি”- বেজবৰুৱা, চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰ আগৰৱালা আৰু হেমচন্দ্র গােস্বামীৰ কলিকতাত মিলন অসমীয়া সাহিত্য-জগতলৈ সৌভাগ্যৰ পটভূমি। তেওঁলােকৰ জোনাকী প্রচেষ্টাত প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয় অসমীয়া ভাষাৰ উন্নতি সাধিনী সভা’ আৰু উদয় হয় মুখপত্র “জোনাকী”। জোনাকীয়ে অসমলৈ কঢ়িয়াই আনেনৱজাগৰণ। কাব্য, গল্প, উপন্যাস, প্রবন্ধ, কবিতাৰে ৰৌজাল-বৌজাল হৈ জোনাকীয়ে অসমৰ বুকুত শিহৰণ তুলিছিল। বেজবৰুৱা আছিল ত্রিমূৰ্তিৰ ভিতৰত সব্যসাচী। লঘু অথচ মধুৰ হাস্যৰসৰ ভঁৰাল “লিটিকাই’-ৰে সাহিত্যিক জীৱনৰ পাতনি মেলি কৃপাবৰ বৰুৱাৰ কাকতৰ টোপােলা’,‘নােমল’, ‘পাচনি’আদিৰে অসমৰ বুকুত হাঁহিৰ ৰােল ভােলাৰ মাজেদি, কানীয়া, সােৰােপা, ধােদ অসমীয়া জাতিটোৰ অন্তত সঞ্জীৱনী সুধা ঢালি প্রাণৰ সঞ্চাৰ কৰিলে। বিশেষকৈ কৃপাবৰ বৰুৱাৰ কাকতৰ টোপােলা’টো মেলি অসমীয়া জাতিক মৰমৰ বিদ্রুপ বাণীৰে থকাসৰকা কৰি জাতীয় চেতনা জগাই তুলিলে। হাঁহিব নজনা অসমীয়া জাতিক তেখেতেই সর্বপ্রথমে নিষ্কলুষ হাস্যৰসৰ সন্ধান দিয়ে।

কবিতা হয় যদি হওক, নহয় যদি নহওক’ বুলি ৰচনা কৰা কবিতাবােৰ কদম কলি’ পুথিত সন্নিবিষ্ট কৰা গৈছে। এই কবিতাবিলাকৰ কেইটিমান কবিতাই এফালে যেনেকৈ বেজবৰুৱাৰ স্বাধীনচিতীয়া, স্বদেশপ্রেমিক অন্তৰ এখনত গুজৰি-গুমৰি উঠা জাতীয় গৌৰৱগাথাৰূপে শ্রেষ্ঠতাৰ দাবী কৰিব পাৰে, সেইদৰে কবিতা হিচাপেও শ্রেষ্ঠতাৰ দাবী কৰিব পাৰে। বীণ কবিতা ব’ৰাগী, অসম সংগীত আদি এনে শ্রেষ্ঠ কবিতাৰ নিদর্শন। এই স্বদেশপ্রেমমূলক “কবিতাকেইটিত আক্ষেপ নাই, নৈৰাশ্য নাই, অৱসাদ নাই। সিবােৰত এটি সঞ্জীৱনী শক্তি বিৰাজ কৰিছে।” “ধনবৰ আৰু ৰতনী”,“ৰতনীৰ বেজাৰ”আদি গাথা কবিতাকেইটা ৰােমান্টিক ভাবধাৰাৰ অনুভূতিশীলতা, ভাব-প্ৰৱণতা, প্রকাশ-ভংগিমাৰ লীলায়িত গতি আৰু উপন্যাস সংবেদনশীলতাৰ চূড়ান্ত নিদর্শন। বেজবৰুৱাৰ সকলোেবােৰ কবিতাতে ছন্দোময় লাস্যময়ী সুৰৰ ঝংকাৰ নাথাকিব পাৰে, তথাপি তেওঁৰ কবি-হৃদয়ৰ দুৱাৰ খুলি অফুৰন্ত ভাবৰাশি চিৰ প্ৰৱাহমান বলিয়া লুইতৰ তৰংগমালাৰ দৰেই বৈ আছে।

বেজবৰুৱাৰ একমাত্র উপন্যাস ‘পদুম কুঁৱৰীয়ে হৰদত্ত আৰু বীৰদত্তৰ স্বদেশ প্ৰেমৰ মনােম সাক্ষ্য বহন কৰি এখনি উপভােগ্য উপন্যাস বুলি পৰিগণিত হৈছে।

বাঁহী সম্পাদনা

তেখেতৰ আলােচনী “বাঁহী”য়ে পঞ্চমত সুৰ তুলি লুইতৰ বুকুত উখল-মাখলৰ সৃষ্টি কৰি অসমীয়া জাতিক সাহিত্যৰ সুৰেৰে বিমােহিত কৰিছিল। লগতে হাজাৰ হাজাৰ লােকৰ প্ৰাণত সাহিত্যৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল। বাঁহীয়ে অসমীয়া জাতিক আকৌ এবাৰ ন-কৈ কাহুদী আৰু খাৰলি’ৰ সােৱাদ দি জাতীয় চেতনা জগাই তুলিছিল। “কামত কৃতিত্ব লভিবৰ সঙ্কত” অসমীয়া জাতিৰ অন্তৰত কর্ম-প্ৰেৰণা জগাই তুলিছিল।

সাধুকথাৰ পুথি।

“সাধুকথাৰ কুঁকি”,“বুঢ়ী আইৰ সাধু”,“ককাদেউতা আৰু নাতিল’ৰা”— তেখেতৰ মনােম সাধুকথাবােৰ এনে শুৱলা আৰু হৃদয়স্পর্শী যে এইবােৰে ল’ৰাসাধুকথাৰ পুথি বুঢ়া-ডেকা সকলােকে সমানে আমােদ দিয়াৰ লগতে তাপিত হৃদয়ত দয়া, ক্ষমা, কৰুণা আৰু সহানুভূতি জগাই তুলি শান্তিৰ বাণী শুনায়।

স্বদেশপ্রেম

স্বদেশ আৰু স্বজাতিৰ প্ৰতি তেখেতৰ ভালপােৱা কিমান গভীৰ সেই কথা তেখেতৰ প্ৰতিখন গ্ৰন্থৰ পাতে পাতে, আখৰে আখৰে মূর্তভাৱে প্ৰকাশ পাইছে। তেখেতে সদায় অসমীয়া জাতিক চিঞৰি চিঞৰি কৈছেঃ “স্বদেশ আৰু স্বজাতিৰ উন্নতিৰ মংগল-মন্দিৰৰ সিংহদুৱাৰ হৈছে মাতৃভাষা।” তেখেতে খাওঁতে, শশাওঁতে, সুদূৰৰ সম্বলপুৰৰ হাবিত কাঠ | কাটোতেও অসমীয়া জাতিৰ মংগলৰ কথাই চিন্তা কৰিছিল; প্রতি মুহূর্তে তেওঁৰ দৃষ্টিপটত এখনি সুন্দৰ, ঐশ্বর্যময় অসমৰ মানচিত্ৰই প্রতিভাত হৈ উঠিছিল।

‘চক্ৰধ্বজ সিংহ”, “জয়মতী কুঁৱৰী”, “বেলিমাৰ” আদি ঐতিহাসিক নাটকৰ নাটক যােগেদি বেজবৰুৱাই অসম বুৰঞ্জীৰ একোটা উত্থানৰ গৌৰৱৱাজ্জ্বল অধ্যয়ৰ কাহিনী গৌৰৱমণ্ডিতকৈ আৰু পতনৰ কাহিনী কৰুণ আৰু ব্যথা লগাকৈ দাঙি ধৰিছে। চৰিত্ৰ চিত্ৰণত বেজবৰুৱা কেনে পাৰদৰ্শিতাৰ চূড়ান্ত নিদর্শন—জয়মতী কুঁৱৰী নাটকৰ—আজলী নাচনী-নাগিনী ছােৱালী ডালিমী। ডালিমী নগাপাহাৰৰ কুলু কুলু স্বৰে বৈ থকা এটি নিজৰাৰ পাৰৰ নাচিবাগি আনন্দৰ, হাঁহিৰ খলকনিত পাহাৰৰ বুকুত স্নেহপাৰাবাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰা এটি উৰন্ত পখিলী।

সুৰভী, জোনবিৰি, কেঘেঁকলি আদি তেখেতৰ আধুনিক গল্পৰ পুথি। চুটিগল্প লিখাতাে বেজবৰুৱা চুটি গল্প সিদ্ধহস্ত আছিল। “ভদৰী”,“মুক্তি”,“লােভ”আদি গল্পৰ যােগেদি দৈনন্দিন জীৱনৰ সুখ-দুখ, হাঁহি কান্দোন, অনুভূতি আদি তেখেতে সুন্দৰভাৱে দাঙি ধৰিছে।

নানা প্রবন্ধ আৰু তত্ত্বমূলক ৰচনা

“কৃপাবৰ বৰুৱাৰ ওভতনি”, “ভাবৰ বুৰবুৰণি” আদি নানাবিধ প্রবন্ধৰ পুথি ভাব-গধুৰ ৰচনাৰ ভিতৰত “শঙ্কৰদেৱ”, “শ্রীশঙ্কৰদেৱ আৰু মাধৱদেৱ”, “তত্ত্বকথা”,“কৃষ্ণকথা”— আদি বৈষ্ণৱ ভাবধাৰাৰ উচ্চ স্তৰৰ সুন্দৰ সুন্দৰ সমালােচনাৰ পুথি। এইবাৰে“কাকতৰ টোপােলাৰে”বগৰাই বগৰাই মানুহক হঁহুওৱা, “অন্যায়লৈ নগা যাঠি, ন্যায়লৈ কলচি” যচা বেজবৰুৱাক উচ্চ দার্শনিক চিন্তাধাৰাসম্পন্ন মহা ধর্মপৰায়ণ ব্যক্তি হিচাপে পৰিগণিত কৰিছে।

“মােৰ জীৱন সোঁৱৰণ” বেজবৰুৱাৰ কর্মময় জীৱনৰ হাঁহি কান্দোনৰ সােণালী স্বাক্ষৰ। সুন্দৰ কথন-ভংগী, ৰসিকতাৰ মাজেদি তেওঁৰ জীৱন দাপােণত প্রতিফলিত হােৱা অসমীয়া জাতিটোৰ বিস্তাৰিত সামাজিক চিত্র চিত্রায়িত হৈছে এই আত্মজীৱনীখনত।

সাহিত্য সভাৰ সভাপতি

সাহিত্য সভাৰ সভাপতিৰ আসনৰপৰা অসমীয়া জাতিলৈ যিটি ভাষণ আগবঢ়ালে-সি যুগ যুগ ধৰি অসমীয়া জাতিক প্ৰেৰণা জগাই, ভাষা জননীলৈ যােড়শােপচাৰে নৈবেদ্য আগবঢ়োৱাত জ্যোতির্ময় পথ প্রদর্শন কৰি থাকিব আৰু স্বদেশপ্রেমেৰে উদ্বুদ্ধ কৰি ৰাখিব। বৰােদাৰ মহাৰাজৰ দ্বাৰা আমন্ত্রিত হৈ বেজবৰুৱাই বৈষ্ণৱ ধৰ্মৰ দর্শন সম্পর্কে যিটো অতি ভাব-গম্ভীৰ, বিস্তৃত তথ্য-সম্বলিত, উচ্চ পর্যায়ৰ আলেখ্য দাঙি ধৰিলে, সি বেজবৰুৱাক ভাৰতৰ কিয়, বিশ্বৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সাহিত্যিক, দার্শনিক আৰু মানৱতাবাদীসকলৰ শাৰীত প্রতিষ্ঠা কৰালে।

দার্শনিক বক্তা

তেওঁৰ পিতৃ দীননাথ বেজবৰুৱাৰ জীৱন-চৰিত ডাঙৰীয়া দীননাথ বেজবৰুৱা গ্রন্থখনিও সােণত সুৱগা চৰােৱা এখনি মহৎ গ্রন্থ।

স্বাধীনতাপ্রিয়তা

বেজবৰুৱাই স্বাধীন ব্যৱসায়কে জীৱনৰ সম্বল কৰি লৈ প্রথমে অসমৰ বিখ্যাত সদাগৰ ভােলানাথবৰুৱাৰ সৈতে কাঠৰ ব্যৱসায় কৰে। তাৰ পাছত তেওঁ বার্ড কোম্পানীত যােগদান কৰে। শেষত তেওঁ নিজাকৈ সম্বলপুৰত কাঠৰ ব্যৱসায় কৰে। স্বাধীনতা আৰু আত্মনিৰ্ভৰশীলতা বেজবৰুৱাৰ ব্যক্তিগত জীৱনৰ চূড়ান্ত জীৱন-দর্শন। সুদূৰ সম্বলপুৰৰ হাবিৰ মাজত থাকিও বেজবৰুৱাই শয়নে-সপােনে মাতৃভূমিৰে মংগল কামনা কৰি দূৰৰপৰা ৰিং মাৰি অসমীয়া জাতিক সাৱধানবাণী শুনাই মাতৃভূমিৰ সেৱাত ব্ৰতত ব্ৰতী হ’বলৈ অনুপ্ৰেৰণা যােগাইছিল Essay on Lakshminath Bezbaroa in Assamese

ভাষা-সাহিত্যৰ সব্যসাচী

জাতীয় গৌৰৱর্ত চিৰ গৌৰৱান্বিত বেজবৰুৱা চিৰদিন আশাবাদী আছিল সেয়েহে অসমীয়া বীৰ বীৰাংগণাসকলৰ গৌৰৱৰ জয়গান গাই, কেতিয়াবা হাঁহিৰে, কেতিয়াবা গালিৰে আৰু কেতিয়াবা ধর্মপ্রচাৰকৰ ভূমিকাৰে অসমীয়া জাতিৰ বুকুত প্রাণ সঞ্চাৰ কৰিবলৈ অমােঘ লিখনি শক্তিলৈ সব্যসাচী ৰূপে থিয় দিছিল। অসমীয়া সাহিত্যৰ যিটো অংগই অসম্পূর্ণ বা পয়ালগা অৱস্থাত দেখা পাইছিল; তাৰেই পৰিপুষ্টিৰ বাবে বেজবৰুৱাই আহােপুৰুষাৰ্থ কৰিছিল। সেয়েহে আমি বেজবৰুৱাৰপৰা— গীত, নাটক, গল্প, কবিতা, উপন্যাস চুটিগল্প, সাধুকথা, জীৱনী, হাস্যৰসৰ টোপােলা, সমালােচনা সাহিত্য, ধৰ্ম্ম-তত্ত্বমূলক সাহিত্য, ভাবগধুৰ দার্শনিক তত্ত্বমূলক সাহিত্য আনকি কর্ম-জীৱন গঢ়ি তুলিব পৰা সংকেতমূলক সাহিত্য আদি সকলাে শ্ৰেণীৰ সাহিত্যিক অৱদান লাভ কৰি অসমীয়া ভাষা সাহিত্যক সুদৃঢ় ভেটিত গজগজীয়াকৈ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিবলৈ সমৰ্থ হৈছাে। মহাপুৰুষ শ্ৰীমন্ত শংকৰদেৱৰ পাছত একমাত্র বেজবৰুৱাইহে ভাষা-সাহিত্যৰ সকলাে অংগলৈকে অনবদ্য অৱদান আগবঢ়াই কেৱল ভাষাজননীকে জীৱনৰ সকলাে শক্তি, সকলাে প্রজ্ঞা, মনীষাৰে সেৱা কৰি যােড়শােপচাৰে মাতৃ পূজাৰ বেদী উপচাই থৈ গৈছে। সেয়েহে আমি এইজন ভাষা-সাহিত্যৰ একনিষ্ঠ পূজাৰীক ৰসৰাজ, সাহিত্যৰথী আৰু সাহিত্য সম্রাট উপাধিৰে বিভূষিত কৰি কৃতজ্ঞতা প্রদর্শন কৰিচ্ছে। এজন মানুহেইসমাজৰপৰা এনেভাৱে স্বীকৃতিৰে অলংকৃত হােৱা পৃথিৱীত বিৰল

জন্মভূমিৰ প্ৰতি তেওঁৰ এনে অকৃত্রিম আবিমল ভালপােৱা আছিল যে জন্মভূমিৰ বুকুতহে তেওঁৰ পঞ্চভূতী দেহ পঞ্চভূতত মিলিত হৈ জন্মভূমিৰ উৎকর্ষ বৃদ্ধি কৰাটো কামনা কৰিছিল। সেয়েহে ভাটি বয়সত সম্বলপুৰৰপৰা ডিবুৰুলৈ উভতি আহিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৮ চনত ইহলীলা সম্বৰণ কৰিছিল। শেষত তেওঁৰ ভাষাতে কওঁ “বাজক ডবা, বাজক শংখ, বাজক মৃদং খােল। অসম আকৌ উন্নতি পথত জয় আই অসম বােল।”

সদৃশ ৰচনা ঃ ১াৰসৰাজ লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা; ২। সাহিত্যৰথী লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা; ৩। মই ভালপােৱা সাহিত্যিকজন; ৪। বেজবৰুৱাৰ প্ৰতিভা; ৫। অসমীয়া সাহিত্যলৈ বেজবৰুৱাৰ অৱদান; ৬। স্বদেশপ্রেমিক বেজবৰুৱা।

“Roshona Bichitra” Dharmo Shing Deka (You Can Buy the Book)
“Radhakrishnan of India, Philosopher, Dead at 86”. New York Times . 17 April 1975. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
Lawhead, William F. (2009). The philosophical Journey. An Interactive Approach. Fifth Edition (PDF). McGraw-Hill. p. 382.
Jump up to Pollock, Sheldon (2011). “Crisis in the Classics” (PDF). Social Research . 78 (1): 21–48.
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Contribution of Lakshminath Bezbaruah to Assamese Literature

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JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS

ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 6, 2020 CONTRIBUTION OF LAKSHMINATH BEZBARUAH TO ASSAMESE LITERATURE

Kuhi Sopun Borgohain1

1Research Scholar, Cotton University Guwahati , Assam , India ABSTRACT: Lakshminath Bezbaruah was a great writer of Assamese Literature . He was a novalist,editor of Journal Jonaki, poet and playwriter of modern Assamese literature. Laxminath Bezbaruah the author of Jonaki, which begins the period of modern Assamese literature. During this time the famous Assamese periodical Jonaki was launched under the leadership of Chandra Kumar Agarwala. He was the editor and the publisher of the Journal. Lakshminath Bezbaruah activety participated this venture . His first satirical pieces appeared in the pages of Jonaki , in the second year of the journal , he wrote extensively under the pseudonym Kripaabar Baruah . Lakshminath Bezbaruah dominated the assamese literary scene for about half a century . During his his life time he devoted himself to revive the lost glory of Assamese literature. In those days, Assamese was not used in the school, courst of the state.Lakshminath Bezbaruah fought for incessant battle with many of his contemporaries to establish a proper place forAssamese in the state.His literary and cultural crusade was aimed at the overall development of the Assamese society.

I. INTRODUCTION

Lakshminat Bezbaruah was an Indian poet,short story writer,novalist and playwright of modern Assamese literature. He was one of the literary stalwarts of the Jonaki Era, the age of romanticism in Assamese literature when through his essays,plays,fiction ,poetry,satries, he gave a new impetus to the then stagnating Assamese literary caravan.He responded to the prevailing social environment through his satirical works to bring the sustain positive changes to the former.His literature reflected the deeper urges of the people of Assam. Bezbaruah was honoured by a unique title as ‘Roxoraj’by the Assam Sahitya Sabha. In the felicitation letter by Assam Sahitya Sabha, the word ‘Sahityarathi’ was used for the first time for Lakshminath Bezbaruah. ‘Roxoraj’ meaning ‘The King Of Humour’in Assamese literature for his ever popular satirical writings under the pen name ‘Kripaabar Baruah’,a pseudo personality that he created and portrayed as the lead character in such works.He is also known in Assamese literary society as the ‘Sahityarathi’ which means ‘Charioteer of literature’for his expertise in all branches of litrature.

1.1. Personal life:

Lakshminath Bezbaruah was born in 1864. Lakshminath Bezbaruah was born on a boat in a sand bank of the river Brahmaputra at Ahatguri , near Nagaon. His father was a senior official with the British government . His father name was Dinanath Bezbaruah. Looking back on his rather unusual , when a male child was born in those days it was customary to welcome the newborn by blowing conchshells and perform other auspicious rites.But under such extraordinary circumstances Bezbaruah had to come to the world without any of the usual welcomes rites . Lakshminath Bezbaruah spent his childhood in different places of Assam and finally they settled in Sibsagar. Lakshminath Bezbaruah recieved his early education at Sibsagar Govt. High School at Sibsagar. Thereafter he studied for his F.A. from the City College and subsequently graduated with B.A from the Genaral Assembly’s Institution in Calcutta then he studied his M.A. and B.L. degrees from the University of Calcutta. After that he married Pragyasundari Devi , Lakshminath Bezbaruah was died in 1938 at Dibrugarh , Assam.

II. LITERARY WORK

Bezbaruah was honoured by a unique title on 29 December 1931 as ‘Roxoraj’ by Assam Sahitya Sabha at its Sibsagar session . In the felicitation letter by Assam Sahity Sabha , the word ‘Sahityarathi’ was used for the first time for Bezbaruah . Roxoraj meaning‘The King of Humour’ in Assamerse literature for his ever popular satirical writings under the pen name ‘Kripaabar Borboruah’ a pseudo personality that he created and portrayed an the lead character in such works. He is also known in Assamese literay society an the ‘Sahityarathi’which means ‘Chariateer of Literature’ for his expertise in all branches of literature . Lakshminath Bezbaruah was not only the first Assamese short story writer , but also has paved the way for many aspects of Assamese literature . He has contributed eminently in the field of Assamese poetry , short story , drama , novel , essay , humorous literature , biographies , auto bio graphies , memorials and journalism for an entire period between 1890 to 2352

ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 6, 2020 1938. Bezbaruah started his literary career with a farce , Litikai in 1890,serialised from the first issue of Jonaki megazine . He wrote 8 plays , 4 farces , 3 historical works , 1 act drama , 3 biographies and 2 autobiographies . He also wrote for the children . He collected and compiled folk tales of Assanm (Xadhukotha) and added on his own to the basket , quite a few new tales to the benefit of nurturing parents and babysitters . His short stories covered the different features from the Assamese society but with humorous sentiment . Bezbaruah was equally pioneering and prolific when it came to writing prose . His favourite from when writing prose was the historical novel and easily cast himself as the master of this genre in assamese literature when his wrote his acclaimed Podumkuwari . It was published in 1905 . Having an extra ordinary command over both western and classical orientation gave him an added advantage in laying the foundation of modern Assamese literature . He had written his short stories more than a century ago . Even the first assamese film made by Jyotiprasad Agarwala was based on Lakshminath Bezbaruah’s play Joymoti . Bezbaruah was overwhelmed by Jyotiprasad agarwala’s Joymoti and conveyed this feeling to the filmmaker by writing a note of appreciation on the film during the last days of his life . The environment during his time , the social structure and the people’s way of living were all different . A society under goes marked changes with the passage of time . But it is note worthly that despite the advance in time , several characters that appear in Bezbaruah’s stories their dialogue and their natures are still relevant in today’s modern world . The Journel Jonaki was primarily aimed to reformation of the Assamese society and rediscovering the wealth and beauty ingrained in Assamese tradition and folk lore and Lakshminath Bezbaruah was the best literature of Jonaki age. Bezbaruah edited the Journel Banhi between 1910 and 1935 and succeded in stirring the latent creative urge in the Assamese minds and hearts . ‘O mur apunar desh’ is the state song or state anthem of the Assam . It was written by Lakshminath Bezbaruah and attuned by Kamala Prasad Agarwala . The song itself is from among the finest poems created by Lakshminath Bezbaruah .It was first published in 1909 in an Assamese megazine named Banhi . It was officially adopted as the Assam’s state song in 1927 at Oxom Chhatra Xonmilan . The song is also included in Kadamkali authored by Bezbaruah . The historical dramas were written by the author with the inspiration of love to the own country and raised . And also respect to the heroes of own raised and country in the main cause of inspiration for the author . The respect to revolution of the society and the patriotic santiment for own history were the main reason for the creation of historical dramas. Lakshminath Bezbaruah wrote three historical dramas , which were -Joymoti Konwari , Chkradhwaj Singha, Belimaar . He also wrote comic plays , which were- Litikai , Nomal , Paachoni and Chikorpoti Nikarpoti . He was the first author of assamese short story . He wrote many short stories which are wealth of assamese literature. His short story collection were Surabhi , Xadhukothar Kuki , Jonbiri and Kehokoli . ‘Mor Jibon Sowaran’ was his auto biography . In his auto biopgraphy he explained every incident of his life . Through his autobiography we can learn about many rules and regulation of old assamese society . His collection of stories include the immensely popular Burhi Air Xadhu , Koka Deuta Aru Nati Lora , Junuka published between 1909 and 1913 which still con- inue to inthrall the young and old alike . He also wrote many biographies , which were- Dinanath Bezbaruahar Xankhipto Jibon Charit , Sri Sri Shankardev , Mahapurush Sri Sankardev Aru Sri Madhabdev . His translated work ‘Bharat Barhar Buronji’ published in 1906 bears testimony to his historical awarness and consciousness . Lakshminath Bezbaruah’s satire essays were Kripabor Baruahar Kakotor Tupula , Kripabar Baruahar Obhotani , Barbaruahar Bhabar Burburani , Barbaruahar Buloni . Other collection by Lakshminath Bezbaruah were Kamat Krititwa Labhibar Xonket , Bhagwat Kotha , Bharatbarshar Buronji , Tatwa Kotha , Sri Krishnakatha , The Religion Of Love and Devotion , Axomiya Bhaxa aru Xahitya, History Of Vaishnavism In India , Raxolila Of Sri Krishna .Bezbaruah was an unashamed liberal and all his observation of people and places were strongly tinged with the sense of rationalisation . His thought provoking essays on the position of religion in every day life reflects his rationalisation as well as his liberal out look . Lakshminath Bezbaruah was a powerful representative the creative and imtell ectual resurgence of modern India.As a human being Lakshminath Bezbaruah was honest and sincere and open minded . He was a product of the Bengal renaissance and the romantic idealism of the western world in the real sense of the term . He cherished the renaissance ideals strongly exhibited in the life of Anandaram Dhekial Phukan who was a dreamer and visionary of 19th century Assam . Like an archetypal romantic hero , Lakshminath Bezbaruah was a wonderer in his real life too .He spent a considerable part of his life touring and visiting the jungles of Sambalpur and even the forest of Assam . Later he was to use material from these visits in his prolific writing . Deeply patriotic , Bezbaruah remained loyal to his first love , literature. Lakshminath Bezbaruah was an Indian poet and play wright of modern Assamese literature . He was one of the literary stalwarts of the Jonaki Era , the age of romanticism in Assamese literature when through his essays , fiction and satires , he gave a new impeture to the stagnating Assamese literary caravan . he responded to the pre

III. CONCLUSION

ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 6, 2020 A well known writer from Assam , Lakshminath Bezbaruah started his literary career in 1889 through his Journal Jonaki , He made immense contribution , to the deplopment and enrichment of Assamese literature . He has to his credit several plays , poems , essays ,and fiction al work , several of which are based on patriotic themes . It was Lakshmintath Bezbaruah who wrote the patriotic song in Assamese , ‘O Mur Apunar Desh ’. Thus the name of Lakshminath Bezbaruah has been widespread throughto out the Assam as a great literary figure.Assamese literature is much indebted to him for its prosperity. Lakshminath Bezbaruah was great thinker. He was an excellent orator.He dedicated his life to the welfare of the people of Assam. He was an ideal to the people of Assam. They were inspired by his selfless work. The great son of Assam died at Dibrugarh in 1938. His memory will ever be cherised by vailing social environment through his satirical works to bring and sustain positive changes to the former. His literature reflected the deeper urges of the people of Assam In the autobiography he unflinchingly noted the weakness and failures of his life and career. Including the fact that he was unable to clear his law examination.After graduating from General Assembly College Bezbaruah had wanted to go abroad for higher studied.Unfortunately his conservative family did not approve of the idea, so Bezbaruah stayed on. But he was able to wuthstand tough opposition at another crucial juncture of his life. Growing up in a strictly Vaishnav environment , Bezbaruah faced opposition when he decided to marry Pragyasundari Devi, the grand doughter of Maharshi Devendranath Tagore, according to brahmo rites. He even refused to accept the Rs 10,000 dowry from the Tagore family .Unfortunately like many great writers, Bezbaruah was denied the recognition he deserved during his life time. The response to all 25 books he published , before 1930, was met with little or no appreciation from the general public. Even today , very little of his prolific output is really appreciated. The house in Calcutta where he lived lies ruins. he died at Dibrugarh on March 26 and the Asom Sahitya Sabha annually observes this day Sahitya Divas.

IV. REFERENCES

ENGLISH BOOKS

[1] Allen ,Weter : Reading a Novel , London ,1965 [2] Achyaryya , N. N. : Assam and North Eastern States Research Methodology and Sources, Gauhati ,1984 [3] Chatterjee, S.K. : Places of Assam in the History and Civilization of India , Gauhati, 1954 [4] Neog , Dimbeswar : New Light on History Assamiya Literature , Gauhati , 1962 [5] Nath , Rajamohan :The Background of Assamese Culture , Shillong ,1948 [6] Roy, Nirendranath: Shakespeare His Audience and his Readers ,Calcutta ,1965 [7] Ward, A. C. : Twentieth Century Literature ( 1901-1950) , London , 1956

[8] ASSAMESE BOOKS [9] Hajarika , Atulchandra (ed) :Bezbaruahar Granthavali , volume I , Gauhati , 1968 [10] Hajarika , Atulchandra (ed) : Bezbaruahar Granthavali , volume II, Gauhati , 1968

[11] Baruah , Birinchi Kumar : Assamese Language and Culture , Gauhati, 1957 [12] Barkataki , Biren (ed) : Bezbaruahar Sahitya Alochaana , Sibsagar, 1968 [13] Dutta , Birendranath : Asamiya Kabitar Kahini , Gauhati , 1969 [14] Goswami , Prafulladatta :Sahitya aru Jiwan , Gauhati , 1955 [15] Neog , Dimbeswar : Asamiya Sahityar Buranji , Gauhati,1957 1. : Asamiya Sahityar Adhayan , Gauhati , 1964 [16] Neog , Maheswar (ed) : Snatakar Kathabandha , volume I , 1974 ; volume II, 1975 1. : Chitralekha ( The tale of Bezbauah’s Life in picture) Jorhat , 1968 2. : Dinalekha , Jorhat , 1969 [17] Neog , Hari Prasad : Bezbaruahar Bani , Jorhat , 1969 [18] Sarma, Benudhar : Arghyavali , Gauhati , 1964 [19] Saikia , Chandra Prasad (ed) : Lakshminath Bezbaruah , Gauhati , 1968

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Lakshminath Bezbarua Ed. 3rd

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Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.452700

dc.contributor.author: Tamuly, Laxmi Nath dc.date.accessioned: 2015-09-22T12:40:07Z dc.date.available: 2015-09-22T12:40:07Z dc.date.copyrightexpirydate: 2003 dc.date.digitalpublicationdate: 2015/02/21 dc.date.citation: 2003 dc.identifier.barcode: 07019990352653 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/452700 dc.description.scannerno: SC-2 dc.description.scanningcentre: North Eastern States Libraries dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 365 dc.language.iso: Assamese dc.publisher.digitalrepublisher: Digital Library Of India dc.publisher: Assam Prakashan Parisad, Guwahati dc.rights: In Public Domain dc.source.library: DIRECTORATE OF LIBRARY SERVICES, GUWAHATI, ASSAM dc.subject.classification: Language. Linguistics. Literature dc.subject.keywords: Language. Linguistics. Literature dc.title: Lakshminath Bezbarua Ed. 3rd dc.type: Print - Paper dc.type: Book dc.description.diskno: NE-DLI-TR-4673

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লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা ৰচনা | Lakshminath Bezbaruah Essay in Assamese

“নতুন প্রাণৰ ন-চকুযুৰি

দীপিতি ঢালি দে তাত,

পুৰণি পৃথিৱী ন-কৈ চাই লওঁ

হে বীণ এষাৰি মাত।”

Table of Contents

নতুন পৃথিৱীৰ নতুন দিগন্তত, ন চকুযুৰিত দীপ্তি ঢালি লৈ, পুৰণি পৃথিৱীক ন-দৃষ্টিৰে চাই অসমীয়া ভাষা-সাহিত্যৰ পুৰণি ভঁৰালটোক নতুন সৃষ্টিৰে বিনন্দীয়াকৈ বেজবৰুৱাদেৱে সজাই থৈ গল, ১৮৬৪ চনৰ কাতি মাহৰ লক্ষ্মী পূর্ণিমাৰ চন্দ্ৰমাৰ স্নিগ্ধ-মধুৰ জ্যোৎস্নাভৰা শুভ পৱিত্ৰ লগ্নত “ভূমিষ্ঠ নহৈ নৌকাস্থ হােৱা” ডাঙৰীয়া দীননাথ বেজবৰুৱাৰ পুত্র লক্ষ্মীনাথে যি জ্যোতিৰ মালাৰে পৰিবৃত হৈ জন্মগ্রহণ কৰিছিল, সেই জ্যোতিৰ মালাৰেই অসমীয়া ভাষা-সাহিত্যৰ জগৎ উদ্ভাসিত কৰি থৈ গৈছে।

পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ বৈষ্ণব্রাদর্শই শৈশৱৰেপৰা বেজবৰুৱাক প্ৰভাৱান্বিত কৰিছিল। তেওঁ তেজপুৰ, লক্ষীমপুৰ, গুৱাহাটী, শিৱসাগৰ আদি ঠাইত শিক্ষা লাভ কৰি প্ৰৱেশিকা পৰীক্ষাত কৃতিত্বেৰে উত্তীর্ণ হৈ কলিকতাত প্রথমে ৰিপন কলেজত আৰু পাছত চিটি কলেজত পঢ়ি ফাষ্ট আর্ট আৰু বি. এ. পাছ কৰে। তাৰ পাছত এম. এ. আৰু ‘আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে যদিও ডিগ্রী নােহােৱাকৈ অধ্যয়ন সমাপ্ত কৰে। ইংৰাজ চৰকাৰে তেওঁক মুন্সি পদ যাচিছিল যদিও তেওঁ তাক প্রত্যাখ্যান কৰি স্বাধীনতা-প্ৰয়াসী উচ্চ মনৰ পৰিচয় দিছিল। কলিকতাত থকা কালতে বেজবৰুৱাদেৱে কলিকতাৰ বিখ্যাত ঠাকুৰ পৰিয়ালৰ জীয়াৰী প্ৰজ্ঞাসুন্দৰী দেৱীৰ লগত বিবাহ-পাশত আবদ্ধ হয়।

Read Also: বৰ্দ্ধিত জনসংখ্যা ৰচনা | Growing Population Essay in Assamese

বেজবৰুৱাৰ কলিকতীয়া জীৱনে আনে তেওঁলৈ সাহিত্য সাধনাৰ অফুৰন্ত শক্তি আৰু অনুপ্ৰেৰণা। “ৰােমাণ্টিক কাব্যদর্শনৰ ত্রিমূর্তি”- লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা, চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰ আগৰৱালা আৰু হেমচন্দ্র গােস্বামীৰ কলিকতাত মিলন অসমীয়া সাহিত্য-জগতলৈ সৌভাগ্যৰ পটভূমি। তেওঁলােকৰ প্রচেষ্টাত প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয় ‘অসমীয়া ভাষাৰ উন্নতি সাধিনী সভা আৰু উদয় হয় মুখপত্র “জোনাকী”। জোনাকীয়ে অসমলৈ কঢ়িয়াই আনে নৱজাগৰণ। কাব্য, গল্প, উপন্যাস, প্রবন্ধ, কবিতাৰে ৰৌজাল-বৌজাল হৈ জোনাকীয়ে অসমৰ বুকুত শিহৰণ তুলিছিল। বেজবৰুৱা আছিল ত্রি-মূর্তিৰ ভিতৰত সব্যসাচী। লঘু অথচ মধুৰ হাস্যৰসৰ ভঁৰাল “লিটিকাই’-ৰে সাহিত্যিক জীৱনৰ পাতনি মেলি ‘কৃপাবৰ বৰুৱাৰ কাকতৰ টোপােলা’, ‘নােমল’, ‘পাচনি’ আদিৰে অসমৰ বুকুত হাঁহিৰ সাহিত্য সাধনা (হাস্যৰসপূর্ণ সাহিত্য) – ৰোল তােলাৰ মাজেদি, কানীয়া, সােৰােপা, বােদ অসমীয়া জাতিটোৰ অন্তৰত সঞ্জীৱনী সুধা ঢালি প্ৰাণৰ সঞ্চাৰ কৰিলে। বিশেষকৈ “কৃপাবৰ বৰুৱাৰ কাকতৰ টোপােলা’টো মেলি অসমীয়া জাতিক মৰমৰ বিদ্রুপ বাণীৰে থকা-সৰকা কৰি জাতীয় চেতনা জগাই তুলিলে। হাঁহিব নজনা অসমীয়া জাতিক তেখেতেই সর্বপ্রথমে নিষ্কলুষ হাস্যৰসৰ সন্ধান দিয়ে।

কবিতা- উপন্যাস

‘কবিতা হয় যদি হওক, নহয় ॥দ নহওক’ বুলি ৰচনা কৰা কবিতাবােৰ কদম কলি’ পুথিত সন্নিবিষ্ট কৰা গৈছে। এই কবিতাবিলাকৰ কেইটিমান কবিতাই এফালে যেনেকৈ বেজবৰুৱাৰ স্বাধীনচিতীয়া, স্বদেশ-প্রেমিক অন্তৰ এখনত গুজৰি-গুমৰি উঠা জাতীয় গৌৰৱগাথাৰূপে শ্রেষ্ঠতাৰ দাবী কৰিব পাৰে, সেইদৰে কবিতা হিচাপেও শ্রেষ্ঠতাৰ দাবী কৰিব পাৰে। বীণ ব’ৰাগী, অসম সংগীত আদি এনে শ্রেষ্ঠ কবিতাৰ নিদর্শন। এই স্বদেশপ্রেমমূলক “কবিতাকেইটিত আক্ষেপ নাই, নৈশ্য নাই, অৱসাদ নাই। সিবােৰত এটি সঞ্জীৱনী শক্তি বিৰাজ কৰিছে।” “ধনবৰ আৰু ৰতনী”, “ৰতনীৰ বেজাৰ” আদি গাথা কবিতাকেইটা ৰােমান্টিক ভাবধাৰাৰ অভূতিশীলতা, ভাব-প্ৰৱণতা, প্রকাশ-ভংগিমাৰ লীলায়িত গতি আৰু সংবেদনশীলতাৰ চুড়ান্ত নিদর্শন। বেজবৰুৱাৰ সকলােবোেৰ কবিতাতে ছন্দোময় লাস্যময়ী সুৰৰ ঝংকাৰ নাথাকিব পাৰে, তথাপি তেওঁৰ কবি-হৃদয়ৰ দুৱাৰ খুলি অফুৰন্ত ভাবৰাশি চিৰ প্ৰৱাহমান বলিয়া লুইতৰ তৰংগমালাৰ দৰেই বৈ আছে।

লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱাৰ একমাত্র উপন্যাস ‘পদুম কুঁৱৰীয়ে হৰদত্ত আৰু বীৰদত্তৰ স্বদেশ প্ৰেমৰ মনােৰম সাক্ষ্য বহন কৰি এখনি উপভােগ্য উপন্যাস বুলি পৰিগণিত হৈছে।

বাঁহী সম্পাদনা

লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱাৰ আলােচনা “বাহী”য়ে পঞ্চমত সুৰ তুলি লুইতৰ বুকুত উখল-মাখলৰ সৃষ্টি কৰি অসমীয়া জাতিক সাহিত্যৰ সুৰেৰে বিমােহিত কৰিছিল। লগতে হাজাৰ হাজাৰ লোকৰ প্রাণও সাহিত্যৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল। “বাঁহীয়ে অসমীয়া জাতিক আকৌ এবাৰ নকৈ কাহুদী আৰু ধাৰলি’ৰ সােৱাদ দি জাতীয় চেতনা জগাই তুলিছিল। “কামত কৃতিত্ব লভিবৰ সঙ্কত” অসমীয়া জাতিৰ অন্তৰত কৰ্ম-প্ৰেৰণা জগাই তুলিছিল।

সাধু কথাৰ পুথি

“সাধুকথাৰ কুকি”, “কুী আইৰ সাধু”, “ককাদেউতা আৰু নাতিল’ৰা”- তেখেতৰ মনােৰম সাধুকথাৰ পুথি। সাধুকথাবোৰ এনে শুৱলা আৰু হৃদয়স্পর্শী যে এইবােৰে ল’ৰা বুঢ়া-ডেকা সকলােকে সমানে আমােদ দিয়াৰ লগতে তাপিত হৃদয়ত দয়া, ক্ষমা, কৰুণা আৰু সহানুভূতি জগাই তুলি শান্তিৰ বাণী শুনায়।

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স্বদেশপ্রেম

স্বদেশ আৰু স্বজাতিৰ প্ৰতি তেখেতৰ ভালপােৱা কিমান গভীৰ সেই কথা তেখেতৰ প্ৰতিখন গ্ৰন্থৰ পাতে পাতে, আখৰে আখৰে মূর্তভাবে প্রকাশ পাইছে। তেখেতে সদায় অসমীয়া জাতিক চিঞৰি চিঞৰি কৈছেঃ “স্বদেশ আৰু স্বজাতিৰ উন্নতিৰ মংগল-মন্দিৰৰ সিংহদুৱাৰ হৈছে মাতৃভাষা।” তেখেতে খাওঁতে, শােওঁতে, সুদূৰৰ সম্বলপুৰৰ হাবিত কাঠ কাটোতেও অসমীয়া জাতিৰ মংগলৰ কথাই চিন্তা কৰিছিল; প্রতি মুহূর্তে তেওঁৰ দৃষ্টিপটত এখনি সুন্দৰ, ঐশ্বর্যময় অসমৰ মানচিত্রই প্রতিভাত হৈ উঠিছিল।

‘চক্ৰধ্বজ সিংহ”, “জয়মতী কুঁৱৰী”, “বেলিমাৰ” আদি ঐতিহাসিক নাটকৰ যােগেদি লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱাই অসম বুৰঞ্জীৰ একোটা উত্থানৰ গৌৰৱােজ্জ্বল অধ্যয়ৰ কাহিনী গৌৰৱমণ্ডিতকৈ আৰু পতনৰ কাহিনী কৰুণ আৰু ব্যথা লগাকৈ দাঙি ধৰিছে। চৰিত্ৰ চিত্ৰণত বেজবৰুৱা কেনে পাৰদৰ্শিতাৰ চূড়ান্ত নিদর্শন- জয়মতী কুঁৱৰী নাটকৰ- আজলী নাচনী-নাগিনী ছােৱালী ডালিমী। ডালিমী নগাপাহাৰৰ কুলু কুলু স্বৰে বৈ থকা এটি নিজৰাৰ পাৰৰ নাচি বাগি আনন্দ, হাঁহিৰ খলকনিত পাহাৰৰ বুকুত স্নেহপাৰাবাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰা এটি উৰন্ত পখিলী।

সুৰভী, জোনবিৰি, কেহোঁকলি আদি তেখেতৰ আধুনিক গল্পৰ পুথি। চুটিগল্প লিখাতাে বেজবৰুৱা সিদ্ধহস্ত আছিল। “ভদৰী”, “মুক্তি”, “লােভ” আদি গল্পৰ যােগেদি দৈনন্দিন জীৱনৰ সুখ-দুখ, হাঁহি কান্দোন, অনুভূতি আদি তেখেতে সুন্দৰভাৱে দাঙি ধৰিছে।

নানা প্রবন্ধ আৰু তত্ত্বমূলক ৰচনা

“কৃপাবৰ বৰুৱাৰ ওভতনি”, “ভাবৰ বুৰবুৰণি” আদি নানাবিধ প্রবন্ধৰ পুথি ভাব-গধুৰ ৰচনাৰ ভিতৰত “শঙ্কৰদেৱ”, “শ্রীশঙ্কৰদেৱ আৰু মাধৱদেৱ”, “তত্ত্বকথা”, “কৃষ্ণকথা” আদি বৈষ্ণব ভাবধাৰাৰ উচ্চ স্তৰৰ সুন্দৰ সুন্দৰ সমালােচনাৰ পুথি। এইবাৰে “কাকতৰ টোপােলাৰে”বগৰাই বগৰাই মানুহক ইহুওৱা, “অন্যায়লৈ নগা যাঠি, ন্যায়লৈ কলচি”- যচা বেজবৰুৱাক উচ্চ দার্শনিক চিন্তাধাৰাসম্পন্ন মহা ধর্মপৰায়ণ ব্যক্তি হিচাপে পৰিগণিত কৰিছে।

“মােৰ জীৱন সোঁৱৰণ”- লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱাৰ কর্মময় জীৱনৰ হাঁহি কান্দোনৰ সােণালী স্বাক্ষৰ। সুন্দৰ কথন-ভংগী, ৰসিকতাৰ মাজেদি তেওঁৰ জীৱন দাপােণত প্রতিফলিত হােৱা অসমীয়া জাতিটোৰ বিস্তাবিত সামাজিক চিত্র চিত্রায়িত হৈছে এই আত্মজীৱনীখনত।

সাহিত্য সভাৰ সভাপতি

সাহিত্য সভাৰ সভাপতিৰ আসনৰপৰা অসমীয়া জাতিলৈ যিটি ভাষণ আগবঢ়ালে- সি যুগ যুগ ধৰি অসমীয়া জাতিক প্রেৰণা জগাই, ভাষা জননীলৈ ষােড়শােপচাৰে নৈবেদ্য আগবঢ়োৱাত জ্যোতির্ময় পথ প্রদর্শন কৰি থাকিব আৰু স্বদেশপ্রেমেৰে উদ্বুদ্ধ কৰি ৰাখিব | বৰােদাৰ মহাৰাজৰ দ্বাৰা আমন্ত্রিত হৈ বেজবৰুৱাই বৈষ্ণৱ ধৰ্মৰ দর্শন সম্পর্কে যিটো অতি ভাব-গম্ভীৰ, বিস্তৃত তথ্য-সম্বলিত, উচ্চ পর্যায়ৰ আলেখ্য দাঙি ধৰিলে, সি বেজবৰুৱাক ভাৰতৰ কিয়, বিশ্বৰ শ্রেষ্ঠ সাহিত্যিক, দার্শনিক আৰু মানৱতাবাদীসকলৰ শাৰীত প্রতিষ্ঠা কৰালে।

দার্শনিক বক্তা

তেওঁৰ পিতৃ দীননাথ লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱাৰ জীৱন-চৰিত ডাঙৰীয়া দীননাথ বেজবৰুৱা গ্রন্থখনিও সােণত সুৱগা চৰােৱা এখনি মহৎ গ্রন্থ।

স্বাধীনতাপ্রিয়তা

লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱাই স্বাধীন ব্যৱসায়কে জীৱনৰ সম্বল কৰি লৈ প্রথমে অসমৰ বিখ্যাত সদাগৰ ভােলানাথ বৰুৱাৰ সৈতে কাঠৰ ব্যৱসায় কৰে। তাৰ পাছত তেওঁ বার্ড কোম্পানীত যােগদান কৰে। শেষত তেওঁ নিজাকৈ সম্বলপুৰত কাঠৰ ব্যৱসায় কৰে। স্বাধীনতা আৰু আত্মনির্ভশীলতা বেজবৰুৱাৰ ব্যক্তিগত জীৱনৰ চূড়ান্ত জীৱন-দর্শন।

সুদূৰ সম্বলপুৰৰ হাবিৰ মাজত থাকিও বেজবৰুৱাই শয়নে-সপােনে মাতৃভূমিৰে মংগল কামনা কৰি দূৰৰপৰা ৰিং মাৰি অসমীয়া জাতিক সাৱধানবাণী শুনাই মাতৃভূমিৰ সেৱাত ব্ৰতত ব্ৰতী হ’বলৈ অনুপ্ৰেৰণা যােগাইছিল।

ভাষা-সাহিত্যৰ সব্যসাচী

জাতীয় গৌৰবত চিৰ গৌৰৱান্বিত বেজবৰুৱা চিৰদিন আশাবাদী আছিল আৰু সেয়েহে অসমীয়া বীৰ বীৰাংগণাসকলৰ গৌৰৱৰ জয়গান গাই, কেতিয়াবা হাঁহিৰে, কেতিয়াবা গালিৰে আৰু কেতিয়াবা ধর্মপ্রচাৰকৰ ভূমিকাৰে অসমীয়া জাতিৰ বুকুত প্রাণ সঞ্চাৰ কৰিবলৈ অমােঘ লিখনি শক্তি লৈ সব্যসাচী ৰূপে থিয় দিছিল। অসমীয়া সাহিত্যৰ যিটো অংগই অসম্পূর্ণ বা পয়ালগা অৱস্থাত দেখা পাইছিল; তাৰেই পৰিপুষ্টিৰ বাবে বেজবৰুৱাই আহােপুৰুষাৰ্থ কৰিছিল। সেয়েহে আমি বেজবৰুৱাৰ পৰা- গীত, নাটক, গল্প, কবিতা, উপন্যাস চুটিগল্প, সাধুকথা, জীৱনী, হাস্যৰসৰ টোপােলা, সমালােচনা সাহিত্য, ধৰ্ম্ম-তত্ত্বমূলক সাহিত্য, ভাবগধুৰ দার্শনিক তত্ত্বমূলক সাহিত্য আনকি কর্ম-জীৱন গঢ়ি তুলিব পৰা সংকেতমূলক সাহিত্য আদি সকলাে শ্ৰেণীৰ সাহিত্যিক অৱদান লাভ কৰি অসমীয়া ভাষা সাহিত্যক সুদৃঢ় ভেটিত গজগজীয়াকৈ প্রতিষ্ঠা কৰিবলৈ সমৰ্থ হৈছে। মহাপুৰুষ শ্ৰীমন্ত শংকৰদেৱৰ পাছত একমাত্র বেজবৰুৱাইহে ভাষা সাহিত্যৰ সকলাে অংগলৈকে অনবদ্য অৱদান আগবঢ়াই কেরল ভাষা-জননীকে জীৱনৰ সকলাে শক্তি, সকলাে প্রজ্ঞা, মনীষাৰে সেৱা কৰি ষােড়শােপচাৰে মাতৃ পূজাৰ বেদী উপচাই থৈ গৈছে। সেয়েহে আমি এইজন ভাষা সাহিত্যৰ একনিষ্ঠ পূজাৰীক ৰসৰাজ, সাহিত্য-ৰথী আৰু সাহিত্য-সম্রাট উপাধিৰে বিভূষিত কৰি কৃতজ্ঞতা প্রদর্শন কৰিছে। এজন মানুহেই সমাজৰপৰা এনেভাৱে স্বীকৃতিৰে অলংকৃত হােৱা পৃথিৱীত বিৰল।

জন্মভূমিৰ প্ৰতি তেওঁৰ এনে অকৃত্রিম আৰু বিমল ভালপােৱা আছিল যে জন্মভূমিৰ বুকুতহে তেওঁৰ পঞ্চভূতী দেহ পঞ্চভূতত মিলিত হৈ জন্মভূমিৰ উৎকর্ষ বৃদ্ধি কৰাটো কামনা কৰিছিল। সেয়েহে ভাটি বয়সত সম্বলপুৰৰপৰা ডিবুৰুলৈ উভতি আহিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৮ চনত ইহলীলা সম্বৰণ কৰিছিল।শেষত তেওঁৰ ভাষাতে কওঁ –

“বাজক উবা, বাজক শংখ, বাজক মৃদং খেল।

অসম আকৌ উন্নতি পথত জয় আই অসম বােল।”

আমি আশা কৰিছো লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা ৰচনাটোৱে আপোনালোকক সহায় কৰিব। যদি আপোনাৰ লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা ৰচনাৰ সম্পৰ্কে কিবা প্ৰশ্ন আছে তলত এটা মন্তব্য দিয়ক আৰু আমি আপোনাৰ সৈতে সোনকালে যোগাযোগ কৰিম।

Hi, I’m Dev Kirtonia, Founder & CEO of Dev Library. A website that provides all SCERT, NCERT 3 to 12, and BA, B.com, B.Sc, and Computer Science with Post Graduate Notes & Suggestions, Novel, eBooks, Biography, Quotes, Study Materials, and more.