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CV Raman Essay | Essay on CV Raman for Students and Children in English

February 12, 2024 by sastry

CV Raman Essay: Steeped in intellectual thought with an illustrious eye for detail, he represented India’s scientific temper. He is the first Asian and the foremost Indian to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. Most importantly, he did this at a time when India was little known in the field of Sciences. A man of immense calibre and a pool of talent, he can be none other than Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. – The Intellectual Gem

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Long and Short Essays on CV Raman for Kids and Students in English

Given below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of ‘CV Raman’ in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on the CV Raman of 400-500 words. This long essay about CV Raman is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on CV Raman of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.

Long Essay on CV Raman 500 Words in English

Below we have given a long essay on CV Raman of 500 words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9 and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants.

Born at Trichinopoly in Tamil Nadu on 7th November, 1888, his father was a lecturer in Mathematics and Physics, in Mrs AV Narasimha Rao College, Visakhapatnam, and later joined Presidency College, Madras. His maternal grandfather was a Sanskrit scholar, well versed in ‘navya nyaya’ or modern logic.

So, from an early age, he was immersed in an academic atmosphere. He was a diligent student. He entered the Presidency College, Madras, in 1902, and in 1904 passed his BA examination, winning the first place and a gold medal in Physics. In 1907, he gained his MA degree, obtaining the highest distinctions. His earliest researches in optics and acoustics—the two fields of investigation to which he dedicated his entire career were carried out while he was a student. Since at that time a scientific career did not appear to offer the best possibilities, Raman joined the Indian Finance Department in 1907. Though the duties of his office took most of his time, Raman found opportunities for carrying on experimental researches in the laboratory of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences at Calcutta.

In 1917, he was offered the newly endowed Palit Chair of Physics at Calcutta University, and decided to accept it. Raman’s main research was focussed on acoustics and musical instruments, and led to his election as fellow of the Royal Society in 1924. It was during a trip to England in 1921 that he was fascinated by the blue colour of the Mediterranean.

With a very simple experiment, he convinced himself that the blue colour of the sea was not only due to the reflection of the sky, as proposed by Lord Rayleigh, but mainly due to the scattering of light by water molecules. On his return to Calcutta, he began a systematic study of the scattering of light by different liquids, culminating in the discovery of a totally new kind of radiation, predicted by the quantum theory and named after him.

There Raman radiations carry vital information about the internal structure of the scattering molecules, and have proved to be of immense importance in studying molecular structures. His efforts finally paid off when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, the first to be ever won by an Indian. Thereafter, he became the Honorary Secretary of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences. After 15 years in Calcutta, he became Professor at the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore (1933-1948) and in 1948, he became the Director of the Raman Institute of Research at Bangalore, established and endowed by himself. He also founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926, of which he was the Editor.

Raman sponsored the establishment of the Indian Academy of Sciences and served as its President since its inception. He was also the President of the Current Science Association, Bangalore, which publishes Current Science. (India)

Raman has done credible work in his field and his early memoirs appeared as Bulletins of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences. These dealt with the maintenance of vibrations and the theory of musical instruments of the violin family. In 1922, he published his work on the ‘Molecular Diffraction of Light’, the first of a series of investigations with his collaborators which ultimately led to the discovery, on 28th February, 1928, of the radiation effect, which is named after him. This work bagged him the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Some other investigations which propelled the world of science during his time were the experimental and the theoretical studies on the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of Ultrasonic and Hypersonic frequencies. In 1932, he and Suri Bhagavantam discovered quantum photon spin. During his term at IISc, he admitted the talented electrical engineering student, GN Ramachandran, who went on to become a recognised X-ray crystallographer.

Short Essay on CV Raman 200 Words in English

Below we have given a short essay on CV Raman is for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below.

In 1948, Raman, through studying the spectroscopic behaviour of crystals, approached fundamental problems of crystal dynamics in a new manner. His laboratory has been dealing with the structures and properties of diamond, the structure of optical behaviour of numerous iridescent substances like opal and pearls.

This luminous star in the firmament of the scientific fraternity has been honoured with a large number of honorary doctorates and memberships of scientific societies. He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1924 and knighted in 1929. In 1941, he was awarded the Franklin Medal. In 1954, he was conferred upon, the Bharat Ratna. He got the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957.

Another big honour was that the American Chemical Society and IACS recognised his discovery as an International Historic Chemical Landmark. India celebrates National Science Day every year on 28th February to remember the discovery of Raman effect that took place in 1928.

At the end of October, 1970, he collapsed in his laboratory. Doctors gave him four hours to live. He survived and asked to be shifted from the hospital to the gardens of his institute. He passed away on 21 st November, 1970. His life was a testimony to hard work, patience and perseverance for achieving one’s goals. One should also be level headed and not go overboard on attaining success. With him, dawned an era of high quality science, and he showed the light for others to follow.

CV Raman Essay Word Meanings for Simple Understanding

• Illustrious – very famous and much admired, especially because of what you have achieved
• Diligent – showing care and effort in your work or duties
• Optics – the scientific study of sight and light
• Acoustics – the shape, design, etc. of a room or theatre that make it good or bad for carrying sound
• Endowed – to give a large sum of money to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income
• Inception – the start of an institution, an organisation, etc.
• Propelled – to move, drive or push something forward or in a particular direction
• Diffraction – breaking up of stream of light into a series of dark and light bands or the different colours of the spectrum
• Spectroscopic – a piece of equipment for forming and looking at spectra
• Iridescent – showing many bright colours that seem to change in different lights
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Essay on CV Raman

Students are often asked to write an essay on CV Raman in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on CV Raman

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, known as CV Raman, was born on November 7, 1888, in Tamil Nadu, India. He was a brilliant student and showed a great interest in science from a young age.

Achievements

Raman is famous for his work in the field of light scattering. His discovery, known as the ‘Raman Effect’, earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, making him the first Asian to receive this honor in science.

Raman’s work revolutionized our understanding of light and its interactions. His contributions to science continue to inspire students worldwide.

250 Words Essay on CV Raman

Introduction.

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, widely known as C.V. Raman, was an eminent Indian physicist who made significant contributions to the field of light scattering. His groundbreaking work earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, making him the first Asian scientist to receive this honor.

Raman’s Early Life and Education

The raman effect.

Raman’s most notable work is the discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928. This phenomenon, where light changes its wavelength and color when passing through different materials, revolutionized the field of spectroscopy. It provided a new method for studying and identifying substances based on their light scattering properties, with far-reaching implications in various scientific disciplines.

Legacy and Impact

C.V. Raman’s work transcends his lifetime, with the Raman Effect becoming a cornerstone in modern physics. His legacy also lies in his role as a science communicator and educator, inspiring future generations of Indian scientists. Despite the limited resources of his time, Raman’s unyielding curiosity and dedication to science serve as a beacon for aspiring researchers worldwide.

In conclusion, C.V. Raman’s contributions to science, particularly the discovery of the Raman Effect, have had a profound and lasting impact. His life and work continue to inspire and guide the scientific community, cementing his place in the annals of scientific history.

500 Words Essay on CV Raman

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, popularly known as C.V. Raman, was an eminent physicist who left an indelible mark on the scientific landscape of India and the world. His groundbreaking work in the field of light scattering, known as the Raman Effect, earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. He was the first Asian and non-white to receive a Nobel Prize in any branch of science.

Early Life and Education

C.V. Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. He was a prodigious child and completed his schooling at a very young age. Raman graduated with a gold medal in Physics from Presidency College, Madras, in 1907. Despite his keen interest in science, he initially embarked on a career in the Indian Finance Department due to the lack of opportunities in the scientific field in India at that time.

The Path to Discovery

On February 28, 1928, Raman discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength. This phenomenon, now known as the Raman Effect, provided the foundation for Raman spectroscopy, a tool commonly used today for identifying the molecular composition of materials. This discovery was a significant leap in the field of quantum physics.

Nobel Laureate and Later Life

Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery. He was knighted in 1929 for his contributions to science. In 1943, Raman established the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, where he served as the director and remained active in research until his death in 1970.

C.V. Raman’s life and work exemplify the pursuit of knowledge and the power of curiosity. His groundbreaking research in the field of light scattering changed the course of scientific research and continues to have significant implications in various scientific fields. His story is not just about his scientific achievements but also about his commitment to nurturing scientific research in India. His legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists and researchers, encouraging them to think beyond the ordinary and make extraordinary contributions to the world of science.

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100 Words Essay On C.V Raman In English

C.V Raman’s full name is Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. He is an Indian physicist. He is popularly known for his work in light scattering. He was born and brought up in India. His father was a lecturer in mathematics and physics and therefore one could say that the influence could be highly taken from his father.

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Who is C.V. Raman?

• Is mathematics a physical science?
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• The Nobel Prize - Biography of Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
• ACS Publications - Recent Advances in Enhancement of Raman Scattering Intensity for Biological Applications
• Famous Scientists - C. V. Raman
• IndianetZone - Biography of Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman
• Indian Academy of Sciences - Prof. C. V. Raman
• C.V. Raman - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

C.V. Raman was an Indian physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 for his discovery of what became known as the Raman effect . He significantly influenced the growth of science in India through his teaching, his support of nearly every Indian research institution of his time, and his founding of the Indian Academy of Sciences.

What did C.V. Raman discover?

C.V. Raman discovered the Raman effect , which occurs when light that shines through a material is scattered and its wavelength changes from that of the original incident light because of its interactions with the molecules in the material.

Why did C.V. Raman win the Nobel Prize?

C.V. Raman was awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the Raman effect , in which light that passes through a material is scattered and the wavelength of the scattered light is changed because it has caused an energy state transition in the material’s molecules .

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C.V. Raman (born November 7, 1888, Trichinopoly , India—died November 21, 1970, Bangalore) was an Indian physicist whose work was influential in the growth of science in India . He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 for the discovery that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the light that is deflected changes in wavelength. This phenomenon is now called Raman scattering and is the result of the Raman effect .

After earning a master’s degree in physics at Presidency College, University of Madras , in 1907, Raman became an accountant in the finance department of the Indian government. He became professor of physics at the University of Calcutta in 1917. Studying the scattering of light in various substances, in 1928 he found that when a transparent substance is illuminated by a beam of light of one frequency, a small portion of the light emerges at right angles to the original direction, and some of this light is of different frequencies than that of the incident light. These so-called Raman frequencies are the energies associated with transitions between different rotational and vibrational states in the scattering material.

Raman was knighted in 1929, and in 1933 he moved to the Indian Institute of Science, at Bangalore , as head of the department of physics. In 1947 he was named director of the Raman Research Institute there and in 1961 became a member of the Pontifical Academy of Science. He contributed to the building up of nearly every Indian research institution in his time, founded the Indian Journal of Physics and the Indian Academy of Sciences, and trained hundreds of students who found important posts in universities and government in India and Myanmar (Burma). He was the uncle of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar , who won the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics, with William Fowler .

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Essay On C V Raman – 10 Lines, Short and Long Essay For Children & Students

Key Points to Remember When Writing an Essay on C V Raman

10 lines on c v raman, a paragraph on c v raman, short essay on c v raman, long essay on c v raman for kids, what will your child learn from the essay on c v raman.

Writing an essay is like setting on a journey of discovery, especially for school kids. It’s a wonderful way to explore new ideas, express thoughts, and learn about remarkable personalities who have shaped our world. Today, we’ll delve into an essay on CV Raman in English, a topic that not only educates but also inspires young minds. C V Raman, a name synonymous with brilliance in the field of science, has been a source of fascination and inspiration for students across the globe. Writing an essay for school kids on such a luminary not only enhances their knowledge but also kindles a spark of curiosity and admiration for the wonders of science and the people behind these discoveries. So, let’s begin our delightful journey through the life and accomplishments of Sir C V Raman, a Nobel laureate whose work continues to illuminate the world of physics.

Writing an essay on a distinguished personality like Sir C V Raman can be an enlightening experience. It’s crucial to present information in a way that’s both informative and captivating, especially for young minds. Here are some key points to keep in mind to make your essay on CV Raman engaging and informative:

• Understand the Subject: Before you begin writing, make sure you have a good grasp of who C V Raman was. Research his life, his discoveries, and why he is such a significant figure in science.
• Structure Your Essay: Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should set the tone and give a brief overview of CV Raman. The body should cover his life, achievements, and contributions in detail, while the conclusion should summarize his impact and legacy.
• Use Simple Language: Remember, your audience is primarily school children. Use simple, easy-to-understand language.
• Incorporate Interesting Facts: To make your essay more engaging, include interesting facts about CV Raman’s life and discoveries. This could be anecdotes about his experiments or lesser-known facts about his personal life.
• Explain Scientific Concepts Clearly: If you discuss the Raman Effect or other scientific concepts, explain them in a way that is easy for children to understand. Use analogies or simple examples.
• Highlight His Achievements: Discuss the awards and recognitions received by CV Raman, including the Nobel Prize in Physics, to inspire and motivate young readers.
• Mention His Legacy: Conclude by talking about how CV Raman’s work continues to influence modern science. This could include his impact on research or how he inspires current scientists .
• Proofread and Edit: Ensure your essay is free from grammatical errors and is well-edited. A well-written essay is more engaging and easier to understand.
• Add Personal Reflections: If possible, include personal reflections or thoughts on how CV Raman’s work or character inspires you. This adds a personal touch to your essay, making it more relatable for young readers.

Exploring the life of a great scientist can be both educational and exciting, especially for younger students. In our 10 lines about CV Raman, we aim to capture the essence of his achievements in a concise yet engaging way. This section is particularly tailored as an essay for lower primary classes, offering a simple yet informative glimpse into the life of this renowned physicist.

• C V Raman was a renowned Indian physicist, born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirapalli, India.
• He showed an early interest in science and was a brilliant student throughout his academic career.
• Raman completed his college education at a very young age and started his research in the field of physics.
• He is most famous for his groundbreaking work in the field of light scattering, known as the ‘Raman Effect’.
• For his discovery of the Raman Effect, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
• His work helped scientists understand more about how light interacts with matter.
• Apart from the Nobel Prize, he received numerous other awards and honors for his contributions to science.
• Raman was also a professor and mentor, inspiring many young scientists in India and abroad.
• He founded the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, where he continued his research until his death.
• C V Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, but his legacy continues to inspire scientists and students around the world.

Delving into the lives of eminent scientists not only enriches our knowledge but also inspires us. In this section, we’ll craft an essay in 100 words about Sir C V Raman, focusing on his major contributions and the impact he had on the world of science. This succinct paragraph aims to capture the essence of Raman’s life, making it an ideal read for anyone looking to understand his significance in a brief yet comprehensive manner.

Sir C V Raman, an Indian physicist and Nobel laureate, was a pioneering figure in the world of science. Born in 1888, he displayed exceptional academic brilliance from a young age. His most notable contribution, the ‘Raman Effect’, which he discovered in 1928, revolutionized the understanding of light and matter interaction. This groundbreaking discovery earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, making him the first Asian to receive this honor in the field of science. Raman was not only a scientist but also an educator, inspiring many through his teachings and research. His legacy continues to influence contemporary physics, making him a towering figure in scientific history. His life and work remain a source of inspiration for aspiring scientists worldwide, illustrating the power of curiosity and perseverance.

Exploring the achievements of great scientists is not only informative but also deeply inspiring. In this short essay in 200 words, we aim to shed light on the life and legacy of Sir C V Raman, an extraordinary physicist whose discoveries have left an indelible mark on science. This concise essay is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of his life’s work and its significance.

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, more commonly known as C V Raman, was a figure who revolutionized the understanding of light and its behavior. Born in 1888 in the then British India, Raman displayed an early passion for science, leading him to a career that would be marked by extraordinary achievements. His most significant contribution came in the form of the ‘Raman Effect’, a phenomenon in light scattering that he discovered in 1928. This discovery not only earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, but it also put India on the global map of scientific research.

Raman’s work extended beyond just theoretical physics; he was deeply involved in practical research and teaching. He founded the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, where he nurtured future generations of scientists. His passion for science was contagious, inspiring many young minds to pursue careers in research. Raman’s legacy is not limited to his scientific contributions; he left behind a legacy of curiosity, dedication, and a relentless pursuit of knowledge. His life story is a testament to the power of perseverance and passion in achieving greatness. As we reflect on his contributions, Raman’s story continues to inspire and motivate scientists and students alike, making him an enduring figure in the annals of scientific history.

Exploring the life of a legendary scientist like Sir C V Raman is an exciting adventure into the world of discovery and innovation. This long essay, spanning 400-600 words, is specifically crafted for kids to understand and appreciate the extraordinary journey of C V Raman. From his early years to his groundbreaking discoveries and notable achievements, this essay provides a comprehensive look into the life of a man who changed the way we understand light.

Early Life and Education

C V Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. From a young age, Raman exhibited a deep interest in science and an exceptional intellectual capacity. He breezed through his schooling, often topping his class and showing a particular fondness for physics and mathematics. His academic brilliance led him to Presidency College, Madras, where he completed his degree in physics at the age of 16. Despite the lack of advanced scientific facilities in India at the time, Raman’s passion for physics didn’t wane. He initially took a job in the Indian Finance Department but continued to engage in scientific research in his free time, demonstrating his unwavering dedication to science.

Greatest Discoveries

The most significant of C V Raman’s discoveries was undoubtedly the ‘Raman Effect’. This phenomenon, discovered in 1928, dealt with the scattering of light and revealed new insights into the nature of light. Raman discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength. This discovery was groundbreaking as it provided a new tool for analyzing the molecular structure of materials. The ‘Raman Effect’ has since become a fundamental principle in the field of spectroscopy, impacting various scientific disciplines.

Achievements of C V Raman

The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to him in 1930 for his groundbreaking discovery of the Raman Effect, marking him as the inaugural Asian laureate in the field of science. But his accolades don’t stop there. In 1954, Raman received the Bharat Ratna, the most prestigious civilian honor in India. He also received knighthood in 1929. Beyond these honors, Raman’s greatest achievement was perhaps his role in enhancing scientific research in India. He established the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Raman Research Institute, which became hubs for scientific study and research in India, nurturing numerous young scientists and making significant contributions to the field of physics.

C V Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, at the age of 82. His death marked the end of an era in Indian science. However, his legacy continues to live on through his discoveries, his contributions to scientific institutions, and the inspiration he provides to generations of scientists. Raman’s life story is not just about scientific discovery; it is a story of perseverance, passion, and an unquenchable thirst for knowledge. His journey from a curious child to a Nobel laureate serves as an inspiration to children and adults alike, reminding us that with dedication and hard work, anyone can reach the stars.

Through this essay, kids can learn not only about the scientific achievements of C V Raman but also about the qualities that make a great scientist. His story teaches us the importance of curiosity, persistence, and the desire to explore the unknown. C V Raman’s life is a beacon of inspiration, encouraging young minds to dream big and pursue their passions with determination.

Through the essay on C V Raman, children will embark on an inspiring journey that transcends mere facts and dates. In this brief summary of CV Raman’s life, readers will discover the significance of persistence, the impact of curiosity, and the transformative potential of an individual’s unwavering commitment to scientific exploration, resulting in revolutionary breakthroughs with global implications. This essay not only educates young minds about a legendary scientist but also instills values of hard work, passion, and the endless possibilities that come with pursuing one’s dreams.

1. How to explain Raman Effects to your child?

The Raman Effect can be explained to children as a special way light behaves, changing slightly when it passes through different materials, like a secret code that tells us what the material is made of.

2. How to use Raman Effects in day-to-day life? 

Raman Effect is used in everyday life mainly through technologies in devices like barcode scanners and in scientific research to understand the composition of materials.

The essay on C V Raman offers a comprehensive insight into the life of a pioneering scientist, blending scientific achievements with valuable life lessons. It serves as a source of inspiration for children, highlighting the importance of curiosity, perseverance, and the pursuit of knowledge. Through this exploration, young minds are encouraged to dream big and understand the impact one individual can have on the world through dedication and passion for science.

References:

1. Singh. R, C. V. Raman and the Discovery of the Raman Effect (Physics in Perspective); Research Gate; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226927241_C_V_Raman_and_the_Discovery_of_the_Raman_Effect ; December 2002

2. C.V. Raman and the Raman Effect; American Chemical Society; https://www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/ramaneffect.html

3. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, 1888-1970 – Journals; Royal Society; https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbm.1971.0022

4. Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Biographical; The Nobel Prize; https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1930/raman/biographical/

5. Jayaraman. A; Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman; Indian Academy of Sciences; https://www.ias.ac.in/public/Resources/Other_Publications/e-Publications/003/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman.pdf

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C. v. raman: essay on c. v. raman (760 words).

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Read this comprehensive essay on Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman (1888 A.D. – 1970 A.D.) !

The Great Indian physicist Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman, popularly known as C.V Raman, was born on 7 th November, 1888 at Trichirapalli in Tamil Nadu. His father was a physics teacher and so it was natural that Raman developed love for this subject. He was a brilliant student from the very beginning. As a brilliant and promising lad, he passed his matriculation examination at the young age of 12 from Madras University.

His parents wanted to sent him England for higher studies but his poor health did not allow it. He studied at Hindu College, Visakhapatnam and Presidency College, Madras. He obtained his post-graduation degree in physics in 1907 with the top position. During his student period he conducted many researches and published his papers in many reputed magazines.

His interest in physics was deep and lasting and so he continued his research work in his spare time in the laboratory of the Association. He published his research results in the leading journals of Calcutta, now Kolkata which were in regard to the subject of propagation of light. These original research papers were of great scientific significance.

When these came to the notice of the then Vice -Challenger of Calcutta University, Sir Ashutosh Mukharjee, he appointed him Professor of physics in the University. During his stay at the University he continued his research with much more devotion and won immense honour and recognition as a physicist.

He was elected the Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1924. He discovered the “Raman Effect” in 1928. For it he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930. He became the first Indian to win this prestigious honour. With this award, his reputation increased by leaps and bounds and many Universities and institutions of repute honoured him with Ph D and D.Sc. degrees.

In December, 1927 he was busy in laboratory when the news came that the well-known physicist A.M. Compton was awarded the Nobel Prize for demonstrating that the nature of X-rays undergoes a change when passed through a matter.

This effect came to be known as the “Compton Effect.” Encouraged by this discovery, Raman continued his experiments and ultimately proved that light rays can also be scattered. His discovery enabled for the first time, the mapping of possible levels of energy gains of molecules and atoms of a substance and thus discovered their molecules and atomic structure. This discovery of the scattering of light led to the development of a simple alternative to infra-red spectroscopy, namely, Raman Spectroscopy.

Raman Effect happens when molecules of a medium scatter light energy particles known as photons. The spectrum varies with the nature of the transparent medium used to scatter the light. Raman Effect has proved to be of great scientific value and with its help the structure of more than 200 compounds has been known. He also gave us the scientific explanation for the blue colour of the sky and the ocean.

He explained that the blue color of the ocean was as a result of the scattering of sunlight by the molecules of the water. He travelled widely abroad delivering lectures about his discoveries and researches. In 1933 he became the Director of the Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore. In 1943 he founded the Raman Research Institute at Bangalore. He was knighted in 1927. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1954 and the International Lenin Prize in 1957.

Raman was a born genius and a self-made man and scientist with deep religious convictions. His interests were wide and deep and so were his contributions to the human knowledge and development. Besides optics, he was deeply interested in acoustics—the science and study of sound.

His contributions to the mechanical theory of bowed, stringed and other musical instruments like violin, sitar, cello, piano, veena, Tanpura and mridangam have been very significant. He explained in detail how these musical instruments produce harmonious tones and notes. He died on November 21, 1970 at the ripe age of 82 at Bangalore and his mortal remains were consigned to flames in the campus of the Raman Research Institute.

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(1888–1970). The Indian physicist C.V. Raman helped the growth of science in his country. He received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 for the discovery that when light passes through a transparent material, some of the light changes in wavelength. This phenomenon is now called Raman scattering.

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in Trichinopoly, India. He became professor of physics at the University of Calcutta in 1917. While studying the scattering of light in various substances, Raman made an important discovery in 1928. He found that when a beam of light of one frequency passes through a transparent substance, a small portion of the light emerges at right angles to the original direction. Some of this light is of different frequencies than that of the original light beam. These so-called Raman frequencies are the energies associated with transitions between different rotational and vibrational states in the scattering material.

Raman was knighted in 1929, and in 1933 he moved to the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore as head of the department of physics. In 1947 he was named director of the Raman Research Institute there. In 1961 Raman became a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He contributed greatly to increasing the vitality of nearly every Indian research institution in his time. Raman founded the Indian Journal of Physics and the Indian Academy of Sciences and trained hundreds of students who found posts in universities and government in India and Myanmar (Burma). Raman died on November 21, 1970, in Bangalore. He was the uncle of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar , who was a cowinner of the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics.

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CV Raman: The Visionary Scientist

Last updated on March 11, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, more commonly known as CV Raman, was a pioneering Indian physicist whose work in the field of light scattering earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics. Read here to learn more about his life.

National Science Day is celebrated in India on February 28th every year since 1986 to mark the discovery of the Raman Effect by Indian physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman on this day in 1928.

This celebration not only commemorates Raman’s groundbreaking discovery, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 but also aims to spread the message of the importance of science and its application in the daily life of the people.

Table of Contents

The early life of CV Raman

Born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, Raman displayed a prodigious intellect from an early age, finishing his secondary education by the age of 11.

He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Presidency College, Madras, in 1904, and subsequently completed his Master’s in Physics in 1907.

• Despite beginning his career in the Indian Finance Department as a civil servant, Raman’s passion for science never waned.
• He conducted research at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in Kolkata during his spare time, which led to significant discoveries in acoustics and optics.

CV Raman made his first trip to London in 1921, where his reputation in the study of optics and especially acoustics was already known to the English physicists J. J. Thomson and Lord Rutherford.

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• Raman’s specialty had been the study of the vibrations and sounds of stringed instruments such as the violin, the Indian veena, and tambura, and two uniquely Indian percussion instruments, the tabla, and the mridangam.

But it was the return trip from London to Bombay aboard the SS Narkunda that would change forever the direction of Raman’s future.

• During the fifteen-day voyage, his restless and probing mind became fascinated with the deep blue color of the Mediterranean.
• Unable to accept Lord Rayleigh’s explanation that the color of the sea was just a reflection of the color of the sky, Raman proceeded to outline his thoughts on the matter while still at sea and sent a letter to the editors of the journal Nature when the ship docked in Bombay.

A short time later Raman was able to show conclusively that the color of the sea was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the water molecules.

• Ironically, it was the same argument that Rayleigh had invoked when explaining the color of the sky – the blue was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the molecules in the air.

Also read: Indian Scientists: From Ancient to Modern Era

Nobel Prize and the Raman Effect

CV Raman’s most celebrated discovery, the Raman Effect, came in 1928. It demonstrated that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength and amplitude.

• This discovery was groundbreaking because it confirmed the quantum nature of light and was the first strong evidence of the quantum behavior of molecules.
• Raman used a simple apparatus to show that when light passes through a transparent substance, it scatters, and the scattered light contains frequencies not present in the original light, a phenomenon that could not be explained by classical physics.

For this discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, becoming the first Asian and the first non-white to receive a Nobel Prize in the sciences.

What is the Raman effect?

The Raman Effect occurs when light interacts with the molecules of a material, causing a change in the energy and wavelength of the scattered light.

• When monochromatic light (light of a single wavelength, usually from a laser) is directed at a material, most of the light scatters elastically (Rayleigh scattering), meaning it retains its original energy and wavelength.
• However, a small fraction of the light (approximately 1 in 10 million photons) scatters inelastically, either gaining or losing energy in the process. This inelastic scattering is the Raman Effect.

Stokes and Anti-Stokes Scattering

The energy change in the scattered light corresponds to the vibrational energies of the molecules in the material.

• If the scattered light loses energy (shifts to a longer wavelength), it is called Stokes scattering.
• Conversely, if the scattered light gains energy (shifts to a shorter wavelength), it is called Anti-Stokes scattering.
• The difference in energy between the incident and scattered light directly relates to the vibrational energy levels of the molecules in the sample.

The discovery of the Raman Effect was a milestone in experimental physics and quantum theory.

• It provided the first experimental evidence of the quantum nature of light and molecules, supporting the theoretical predictions of quantum mechanics.
• The Raman Effect showed that light-matter interactions could result in the exchange of energy, leading to a deeper understanding of molecular energy levels and the electromagnetic spectrum.

Application of Raman effect

In the first seven years after its discovery, the Raman Effect was the subject of more than 700 papers in the scientific literature, mostly by physicists who were using the technique to study the vibration and rotation of molecules and relating those phenomena to the molecular structure.

By the late 1930s, the Raman Effect had become the principal method of non-destructive chemical analysis for both organic and inorganic compounds.

• The unique spectrum of Raman scattered light for any particular substance served as a “fingerprint” that could be used for qualitative analysis, even in a mixture of materials.
• Raman spectroscopy could be applied not only to liquids but also to gases and solids.
• The use of Raman spectroscopy as a basic analytical tool changed sharply after World War II.
• During the war, infrared spectroscopy was enhanced by the development of sensitive detectors and advances in electronics.

Other applications:

• Material Science : It helps in characterizing materials, understanding their structure, and studying phase transitions.
• Biological Studies : Raman spectroscopy is used in the medical field to diagnose diseases, analyze biochemical changes in cells, and study drug interactions at the molecular level.
• Pharmaceuticals : It assists in drug development and quality control by identifying the molecular composition and crystalline forms of drugs.
• Environmental Science : It is employed in detecting pollutants and analyzing environmental changes.

Academic and Research Contributions

After his Nobel win, Raman’s reputation and influence grew. He served as the director of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore from 1933 to 1937.

He established the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore in 1948, where he worked until he died in 1970.

He also founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926, of which he is the Editor. Raman sponsored the establishment of the Indian Academy of Sciences and has served as President since its inception.

His research at these institutions spanned various domains of physics, including crystal dynamics, musical instruments, and the properties of diamonds.

Raman’s legacy is not just in his scientific discoveries but also in his role as a leader in Indian science. He was instrumental in promoting scientific research in India, inspiring generations of scientists.

Despite facing several challenges, including limited resources and recognition from the global scientific community initially, Raman’s perseverance and dedication to science shone brightly. His work laid the groundwork for numerous scientific advancements, including the study of molecular energy levels, chemical analysis techniques, and even the investigation of quantum mechanics.

Sir CV Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, leaving behind a rich legacy of scientific inquiry and discovery. His life and work continue to inspire scientists around the world, underscoring the importance of curiosity, perseverance, and the relentless pursuit of knowledge.

Related article:

• Indian Scientists
• Jagadish Chandra Bose
• Women in STEM

-Article by Swathi Satish

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