creative thinking essay grade 11

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• Psychology /

Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes

• Updated on  
• Jun 21, 2021

A human mechanism that never stops. Thinking is a process that generates ideas and keeps our flow of thought. However, there are multiple ways and complexities when it comes to thinking. It is easy to understand and this interesting chapter of Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes broadens our horizons of knowledge about the way we think about this world. The notes for Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes are given below.

Also Read: Psychology Class 11 Chapter 1

Nature of Thinking

The first topic under Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes is the nature of thinking. Thinking is a higher mental process that involves analysing and drawing meaning from the information which we receive from our environment.

• It is considered as the base of all the cognitive activities like Problem Solving, Decision Making, etc.
• It is an internal mental process that can be understood from our overt Behaviour
• It is goal-directed in nature

Building blocks of thought

People usually think by means of mental images or thoughts which are discussed below-

Mental Images

• It is defined as a mental representation of sensory experience
• We usually think about places, events, etc
• For example, using maps and locating different places there subsequently requires the use of mental images.

Images are of two types-

• Memory image includes those images that resemble the object or event being represented.
• Eidetic Image is usually a sharp and detailed visual representation of something that has been seen.
• Whenever we come across a novel object we try to understand what it actually is, what its features and characteristics are and we try to match it with features of the existing category, and if it is a perfect match we include that object in the category with whom it’s features match.
• A concept is defined as the mental representation of categories and refers to those ideas, objects which share common properties and features.

Concepts are of two types-

• Natural concepts have no set of properly defined features that are based on prototypes. 
• Logical Concepts are the ones that can be clearly defined by a set of rules or features. 

Why do we need to Form concepts?

We need to form concepts because of the reasons mentioned below:

•  It helps in Organizing our knowledge and that makes our knowledge accessible when we need it.
• Saves our time and effort.
• We form concepts to make our thought process quick and efficient.

Problem-solving

In the Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes, Problem-solving is described as a way of thinking that is usually goal-directed and intended towards solving a particular problem.

Obstacles To Solving Problems

• A Mental set is defined as the tendency of a person to solve problems in an already tried and tested manner and that at times leads to rigidity which obstructs us in solving problems in a unique manner.
• Lack Of Motivation is also another reason why people fail to solve problems because even if a person has a sharp mind and intelligence but lacks motivation then that intelligence is of very little use.

The next important aspect during thinking for Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes is reasoning. It is a process that involves inference and is used in logical thinking and problem solving and conclusions are drawn in reasoning on the basis of the information and facts available.

Decision Making

• Decision-Making is a kind of problem-solving in which we have several alternatives and after evaluating the cost and benefit associated with each alternative, the best alternative must be chosen.
• Judgment and Decision Making are interrelated processes. However, judgment is a process by which we form opinions, arrive at conclusions, and make critical evaluations about objects, events, and people on the basis of available information

Nature and process of Creative Thinking

Let’s go through the nature and process of creative thinking for Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes. Creative thinking as the name suggests is mainly about solving problems in a novel and unique manner and coming up with something unique or out of the box.

• It includes both convergent and divergent thinking but more convergent thinking.
• Creativity can be applied in most fields and everyone has the potential to be creative.
• Convergent thinking has only one correct answer and it does not lead to the generation of new ideas.
• Divergent Thinking has many correct answers and leads to the generation of new and novel ideas.

Stages of Creative Thinking are discussed below:

Barriers to creative thinking

Barriers to Creative Thinking are discussed below-

• The tendency to be overpowered and influenced by pre-existing habits is a huge obstruction in the creative thinking process and coming up with out of the box ideas
• Motivational and emotional barriers show that creativity is more than just a cognitive process as other factors like fear of failure, lack of motivation hinder our creative thinking ability
• Cultural Barriers are related to excessive adherence to tradition, expectations, and Conformity. it arises due to the fear of being different, social pressure, mediocrity, etc.

Strategies to overcome creative thinking Barriers

Strategies that can be used to overcome barriers associated with creative thinking are elucidated below:

• Encourage self-evaluation.
• Be positive and confident in life.
• Develop independent thinking in making judgments.
• See multiple angles and perspectives of a particular problem.
• Resist the temptation of instant gratification.

Ways to enhance creative thinking

Let’s check out ways to improve thinking in Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes. Some of the ways which can be used to enhance creative thinking are elucidated below:

• Osborn’s Brainstorming technique can be used to increase fluency and flexibility of ideas to open-ended situations which does help in increasing the fluency of ideas and piling up alternatives.
• Getting feedback on the solutions we devise from those who have less personal involvement in the task helps us to see the problem in an objective and unbiased manner.
• Developing Independent Thinking in taking decisions and making judgments increase our self-esteem.
• The use of imagination and visualization helps us increase our creative potential.
• Diagram thinking-sometimes ideas cluster like branches of a tree and this way we can organise our ideas in a systematic and organized manner.

Thought and Language

The next topic discussed for Thinking Class 11 Psychology Notes is Thinking and Language.

Language as a Determinant of Thought

• Benjamin Lee Whorf had this point of view that the language we use determines the content of our thought which is termed the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis.
• The extent to which individuals can think is to a large extent determined by the language we use.

Thought as a Determinant of language

• Piaget believed that thought not only determines language, it precedes it
• Children form an internal representation of the world.
• Through thinking, language is just a vehicle for thought.
• A child’s observation and imitation of the other person’s behavior involves thinking but no language.

Different origins of language and thought

• Lev Vygotsky who is an esteemed Russian Psychologist was of the view that language and thought to develop separately in a child until about two years of age when they merge
• Before 2 years of age, thought is experienced more in action rather than verbal.
• Around 2 years of age child begins to express his/her thought verbally and in a rational way.

Development Of Language and Language Use

Language involves the use of symbols and symbols represent someone or something. It involves the use of rules and when we present two or more words together a proper and logical sequence is followed. Language is primarily used for communicating one’s thoughts, feelings, and ideas to others People who can’t use oral speech communicate through the use of signs which is a form of language

Development Of Language

Human Language is more complex, creative, and spontaneous as compared to the system of Communication which other animals use

Stages of Language Development are elaborated below:

• Newborn babies and young infants make a variety of sounds which gradually get modified to resemble words. The first sound produced by babies is crying which is similar across many situations and pitch intensity changes to signify different states such as hunger, pain, etc.
• At around 6 months of age, children enter the babbling phase which involves repetition of a variety of vowel and condiment words.
• By about 9 months of age, these sounds get elaborated to strings to some sound combinations such as (dadada) into repetitive patterns.
• Around 1st birthday most of the children enter the one-word stage and the first word usually contains one syllable(example ma,pa).
• Around 18-20 months of age children enter two words stage which exemplifies telegraphic speech and contains mostly mound and verbs
• Close to their 3rd Birthday which is 2.5 years, children’s language development gets focused on the rules of the language they hear. This is called Syntactic Development.

How language is Acquired?

• Some suggest that language acquisition is primarily biologically determined. This is typically a nativity position in the nature-nurture debate.
• Language development for Behaviourists like B.F.Skinner follows learning principles like association, imitation, and reinforcement that is in terms of operant conditioning
• Noam Chomsky suggested that children are born with a language acquisition device, LAD, which represents knowledge of universal grammar.

NCERT solutions Thinking class 11

Thinking is the base of all cognitive activities which involves analyzing and drawing meaning from the given information

The obstacles which people may encounter in problem-solving are Mental Set and Lack Of Motivation

Various barriers to Creative Thinking are personal, motivational, and Cultural Barriers.

 Hope you all found thinking class 11 Psychology notes useful and insightful for your last moment revision. Worried about the loss of studies during the lockdown? Don’t worry we at Leverage Edu keep coming up with insightful and accurate notes for school students. Stay tuned!

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Grade 11 Business Studies Past Papers and Memos (South Africa)

This page contains Grade 11 Business Studies past exam papers and memos (South Africa). You can browse and download question papers and memos for your revisions (2019, 2018 May/June, October, November).

Table of Contents

Critical Topics for Term 1 Revision

• Influences on and control factors influencing business environments.
• Challenges in business environments
• Adapting to challenges in business environments
• Impact and challenges of contemporary socioeconomic issues on business operations
• Business sectors
• Benefits of a company versus other forms of ownership
• Avenues of acquiring a business

Critical Topics for Term 2 Revision

• Creative thinking and problem solving Stress, crisis and change management
• Transform a business plan into an action plan Starting a business venture based on an action plan Professionalism and ethics
• Presentation of Business Information

Critical Topics for Term 3 Revision

• Assessment of entrepreneurial qualities in business Citizenship roles and responsibilities
• Marketing activities, marketing in the formal and informal sectors Use of technology for marketing
• Imports and exports
• Foreign marketing
• The alignment of foreign marketing and the production function Production function
• Team Stages, dynamics theories and conflict management
• Introduction to the Human Resources function

Download Grade 11 Business Studies Past Papers and Memos

Business studies grade 11 2017 exams (english and afrikaans) question papers:.

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Business Studies grade 11 2016  Exams (English and Afrikaans) question papers:

• Gr11-BSTD-N16-QP-Afr
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Grade 11 ultimately prepares you for Grade 12. You regard Grade 11 as your last trial run for your Matric year because most of the work covered in the syllabus will prepare you for Matric anyway. Passing your Grade 11 very well, is usually a sign that you may pass very well in Matric.

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Business Studies: CREATIVE THINKING & PROBLEM SOLVING

Kurt Bailey 

At the end of this lesson you should be able to:

• Explain the meaning of creative thinking.

• Discuss/Describe/Explain the advantages/benefits of creative thinking in the workplace.

• Explain how businesses can use creative thinking to generate entrepreneurial opportunities.

• Discuss how businesses can use creative thinking to solve business problems.

Introduction:

Businesses have to solve many problems as they confront the challenges of dynamic and complex business environments. Businesses need to find ways to break out from routine thinking in order to solve problems and make decisions.

Recently all businesses, locally and abroad, were confronted with the challenges that was brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic This forced them to come up with new/innovative ideas to survive. Just consider how the restaurant industry, which is one of many, was adversely affected. As a result of the declaration of a state of disaster, restaurants could no longer open up their doors for patrons to come and sit down. Consequently, most of them have resorted to taking orders online and/or telephonically and then deliver to the clients.

Solving problems requires businesses to apply creative and critical thinking skills.

The key focus of this lesson will be on:

i) How Creative thinking can contribute towards successful and sustainable business practice. We will also be looking at ii) How Creative thinking can be used to generate entrepreneurial opportunities and solve business problems.

CONCEPTS AND SKILLS

• 1. Make sure that you know the key concept(s):

Creative thinking - The thought process that leads to original/novel/new ideas/new approaches. Use of non-conventional methods to solve problems. Breaking out of routine thinking.

Routine thinking - Sequence of actions or patterns of behaviour that is regularly followed or rehearsed.

Conventional solutions - Solutions based on what is generally done, believed or conformed to.

Non-conventional ideas - Solutions based on what is not generally done, believed or conformed to.

Problem solving - Alternative solutions are generated/ identified and critically evaluated. Analysing a situation to identify strategies to bring about change.

Decision making - Various alternatives are considered before choosing the best one. It is part of the problem solving cycle as decisions need to be made in each step.

Innovative - The process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value or for which customers will pay.

Challenge/Threat - A problem/obstacle that can prevent you from achieving a goal.

Opportunity - A time or set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something

Business Opportunity - Is a business investment that allows the buyer to start a business.

• 2. Core Content: • Make sure that you know / understand and are able to apply the CORE CONTENT. Pay particular attention to the cognitive levels. The cognitive verbs serve as a guide for how to answer the questions.
• 3. Discuss how businesses can use creative thinking to solve business problems.
• 4. Elaborate on the meaning of problem solving.
• 5. Explain the differences between decision making and problem solving
• 6. Outline/Mention /Discuss/Explain/ the problem solving cycle.

1.1.Complete the following statement by using the word(s) in the list below. Write only the word(s) next to the question number.

1.1.1 The …. process requires creative thinking skills to generate and evaluate alternative solutions. (2)

1.1.2 …. refers to the process in which various alternatives are considered before deciding on the (2) best one.

2.1 Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follows:

2.1.1 Define creative thinking. (2)

2.1.2 Explain the advantages/benefits of creative thinking in the workplace for businesses like Google. (10)

2.1.3 Discuss ANY FOUR steps in the problem-solving-cycle that Google can follow to solve their problems. (12)

2.1.4 Explain how Google can use creative thinking to generate entrepreneurial opportunities. (6)

In Conclusion

• Constant changes in the market impact on business operations and so they need to adapt to it quickly and make quick/creative decisions.

• Creative thinking can help to solve business problems successfully.

• In part two of Creative thinking and Problem-solving the emphasis will be on the Problem-solving techniques businesses can use to solve many problems as they confront the challenges of dynamic and complex business environments.

• 2020 Grade 10 Business Studies Core Notes: Business Roles: Creative thinking and Problem-solving, Pages 3-6

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Middle school, high school, ets criterion sm library, grade 11 prompts, ws friends (descriptive).

Human beings are social creatures, so friends are an important part of anyone’s life. What qualities and behaviors make a person a good friend? Write an essay explaining three or four traits of a true friend. Use specific details and anecdotes from your own experiences.

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WS Memorable Class (Expository)

Think about the classes you have had so far today. Which was most memorable? Choose one class period and write an essay explaining the main point of the class. Support the main point using at least two different types of details: facts (things that can be proven), statistics (facts with numerical values), quotations (exact words of a speaker), or anecdotes (stories that gives insight).

WS Freedom of Expression (Expository)

The First Amendment to the Constitution guarantees freedom of expression. The framers of the Constitution believed this freedom was essential to a strong democracy. Write an essay that explains how freedom of expression contributes to democracy. Use several examples of freedom of expression to support your response.

WS Transportation (Expository)

People travel by many different means, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Choose two of the following modes of transportation and write an essay comparing and contrasting them: walking, bicycling, driving a car, taking a train, flying, and sailing by ship. Support your viewpoint with specific examples and details for each mode of transport.

WS Similar Sports (Expository)

Cross-country and downhill skiing share certain similarities, yet they offer different experiences to the people who enjoy them. Field hockey and ice hockey also require different skills. Think of two similar sports or activities that you enjoy and write a brief essay to compare and contrast them. Make sure you include specific details for each activity.

WS Proper Punishment (Narrative)

Remember a time when you received a punishment you thought was unfair. Narrate what happened and how you felt about it then, and explain whether you still feel the same way. Suggest a different punishment that may have been more effective. Remember to give details and examples.

WS Add a Class (Persuasive)

Your school budget will allow for an additional class to be offered in the coming school year, and your principal has asked students to make suggestions. Can you think of subjects that you would like to learn or subjects you think need to be taught? Write a letter to the principal convincing him or her to select the class you think would be best. Be sure to support your view with specific reasons and examples.

WS Sports Funding (Persuasive)

Your school board has announced plans to cut funding for sports teams. It has stated that some sports are not supported well by the student body and their funds are better used elsewhere. As a concerned student, write a letter to the school board airing your opinion about funding cuts. Argue your points using specific examples to support your position.

WS Leaky Faucet (Persuasive)

Addressing a problem requires different methods of persuasion. Write a letter of complaint to your landlord, who has put off fixing a leaky faucet in your apartment. Include specific details about why you need it fixed soon. State your case in a cool, neutral tone, and include a call to action for the landlord.

WS Sleep Time (Persuasive)

Teenagers often have different sleep habits than adults. Would you oppose or support moving the start and finish time of school back one hour? As a concerned student, write a letter to the school board convincing them of your position. Include reasons, facts, and examples.

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Thursday, 01 August

05 Jun 2013

Grade 11: Business Studies - Problem solving & creative thinking

.Problem-solving and creative thinking are essential skills for good management plans.

CLICK HERE for the downloadable PDF.

YOU 6 June 2013

17 Dec 2021

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Creative Thinking in Crisis Psychology

Accepting and expecting the unexpected in crisis psychology..

Posted July 28, 2024 | Reviewed by Jessica Schrader

• Creative thinking in crisis psychology can help morph the unexpected and the unknown into crises avoided.
• Many psychology techniques can support this approach, especially variations of having a devil’s advocate.
• With imagination and initiative, the impact of “unknown unknowns” can be reduced.

"Surprise!"

It can be fun if it involves a birthday party or other celebration. It is less enticing when a danger or threat should have been anticipated, but was not.

Part of crisis psychology is investigating how to avoid a crisis. What actions could be taken in advance of a threat to ensure that a threat does not become a crisis? How could these actions be implemented before it is too late by those with the political power and resources to do so?

The people who died in Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and during the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks were not to blame (apart from the terrorists in the latter). Those who had the information and opportunities available beforehand for stopping the disasters lacked the mindset to act competently in time. The U.S. House of Representatives’ Select Bipartisan Committee’s report into Hurricane Katrina was titled “A Failure of Initiative.” The 9/11 Commission explained that, “It is therefore crucial to find a way of routinizing, even bureaucratizing, the exercise of imagination ."

Initiative and imagination can prevent and overcome unwelcome surprises. Crisis psychology offers specific ways of creative thinking for it.

Creative thinking

Arthur C. Clarke’s 1956 novel The City and The Stars includes the character of the Jester. Rather than being a joker or a fool for comedic entertainment, this Jester’s job was to break people’s routines so that they think differently, considering alternative actions. The Jester forced people outside of their comfort zones to stop them from doing exactly the same in exactly the same way.

How many boardrooms or government cabinets have a jester cajoling members to consider data and policies from new angles? How many times are we rewarded by offering advice which seems ridiculous, and is, yet inspires new and previously unconsidered directions?

Another articulation in various forms, including in the movie World War Z under the non- gender -neutral guise of the “Tenth Man Theory,” is always having a dissenter. If a group of 10 makes decisions, the notion is that when nine people agree, then the 10th must raise disagreements and counterproposals. Similarly, Red Team Analysis, Red Team Thinking, and Red Teaming aim to present an adversary’s perspective to assist decisions. It could be extended to examining problems and solutions from numerous cultural and experiential viewpoints.

Generalizing, if a certain number of people agree on an interpretation or an action, then find someone else to offer alternatives and argue against the consensus. This “n+1th Person Technique” or “One More Person Theory” could be enacted as teams rather than as individuals.

These suggestions are, of course, more precise formulations of what is commonly known as the Devil’s Advocate. What is unusual in many decision-making circumstances today is ensuring that someone becomes the Devil’s Advocate and then really listening to and responding to what they express.

Is it really a surprise?

The question remains how much unconventional thinking really does contribute to crisis psychology. After all, uncreative, predictable scenarios with precedents seem surprising when they manifest.

Louisiana and Mississippi sit in a hurricane zone, they have had severe hurricanes before, and it was hurricane season when Katrina made landfall. Neither the mayor of New Orleans (later imprisoned for bribery and fraud) nor the head of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) (who had had close to zero pre-FEMA crisis-related experience) should have been surprised by Hurricane Katrina.

Prior to 9/11, al-Qaeda had tried to destroy the World Trade Center with a truck bomb in 1993, while both fiction and reality provided examples of terrorists trying to use airplanes to destroy iconic buildings. In December 2000, a Gatwick-to-Nairobi jet nearly crashed when a passenger breached the flight deck and knocked the controls. Israel’s flag carrier, El Al, had long had secure cockpit doors and procedures as well as plainclothes armed guards aboard, among many other layers of security.

With imagination and initiative supported by leadership , many foreseeable situations do not need to become surprises or crises. Few so-called “ black swans ” are real. Who, when, where, and why might be unknown. What and how can be worked out and can be used to develop scenarios and readiness?

Unknown unknowns

Not that what and how can always be determined beforehand. As mooted in 1969, “unknown unknowns” exist. Not all earthquake faults have been fully mapped. An unstudied mountain can flare into a volcanic eruption. Before July 16, 1945, it was not clear that nuclear bombs could be built—or detonated without destroying the planet.

Scientists and political leaders had the imagination to speculate about atomic bombs and the initiative to pursue them, for good or bad. This article provokes the imagination to consider unknown earthquake faults and volcanoes. Who provides the initiative through resources and leadership to seek them out?

It means going beyond the adage of “expect the unexpected.” Expect it, yes, but also accept that creativity through unpredictable thinking can reduce the chance of an unpredictable situation—and then a crisis.

Campbell, R.R. 1969. “The arms procurement art”. Ordnance, 54, 297, 306-309.

Clarke, A.C. 1956. The City and the Stars. Signet, New York.

National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. 2004. The 9/11 Commission Report. United States Government, Washington, DC.

Streets, D.G. and M.H. Glantz. 2000. Exploring the concept of climate surprise. Global Environment Change, 10, 2, 97-107.

US House of Representatives. 2006. A Failure of Initiative: Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina. 109th Congress, 2nd Session, Report 109-377. United States Government, Washington, DC.

Ilan Kelman, Ph.D. , is Professor of Disasters and Health at University College London, England and a Professor II at the University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.

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